TY - CPAPER T1 - Vibrio spp. risk assessments AN - 39754560; 3758211 AU - Miliotis, M Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39754560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Vibrio+spp.+risk+assessments&rft.au=Miliotis%2C+M&rft.aulast=Miliotis&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - PET imaging & pharmacokinetics AN - 39754454; 3756399 AU - Collins, J Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39754454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=PET+imaging+%26amp%3B+pharmacokinetics&rft.au=Collins%2C+J&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Spectroscopic imaging of pharmaceuticals AN - 39737320; 3757481 AU - Lyon, R C AU - Doub, W H AU - Jefferson, E H AU - Adams, W P AU - Spencer, JA AU - Buhse, L F AU - Nasr, M M AU - Lee, E AU - Lewis, EN AU - Treado, P J Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39737320?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Spectroscopic+imaging+of+pharmaceuticals&rft.au=Lyon%2C+R+C%3BDoub%2C+W+H%3BJefferson%2C+E+H%3BAdams%2C+W+P%3BSpencer%2C+JA%3BBuhse%2C+L+F%3BNasr%2C+M+M%3BLee%2C+E%3BLewis%2C+EN%3BTreado%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Lyon&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: InfoScience Service, Inc., 253 Commerce Dr. Suite 103, P.O. Box 7100, Grayslake, IL 60030, USA; phone: 847-548-1800; fax: 847-548-1811; email: infoscience@ais.net N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Drug efficacy & off-label use AN - 39716876; 3753484 AU - Leissa, B Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39716876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Drug+efficacy+%26amp%3B+off-label+use&rft.au=Leissa%2C+B&rft.aulast=Leissa&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Forensic investigations related to food & pharmaceutical tampering & counterfeiting AN - 39696720; 3754234 AU - Platek, F Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39696720?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Forensic+investigations+related+to+food+%26amp%3B+pharmaceutical+tampering+%26amp%3B+counterfeiting&rft.au=Platek%2C+F&rft.aulast=Platek&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - FDA perspective on regulation and validation of PATs AN - 39669045; 3754112 AU - Chiu, Y-Y Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39669045?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=FDA+perspective+on+regulation+and+validation+of+PATs&rft.au=Chiu%2C+Y-Y&rft.aulast=Chiu&rft.aufirst=Y-Y&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: InfoScience Service, Inc., 253 Commerce Dr. Suite 103, P.O. Box 7100, Grayslake, IL 60030, USA; phone: 847-548-1800; fax: 847-548-1811; email: infoscience@ais.net N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Blood substitutes: Can we tame hemoglobin? AN - 39658411; 3752379 AU - Alayash, A Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39658411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Blood+substitutes%3A+Can+we+tame+hemoglobin%3F&rft.au=Alayash%2C+A&rft.aulast=Alayash&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Antimicrobial resistance in antimicrobial-treated food animals AN - 39643336; 3752058 AU - White, D G Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39643336?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+resistance+in+antimicrobial-treated+food+animals&rft.au=White%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Host response to prosthetic heart valves: Preclinical testing AN - 39637529; 3754531 AU - Hilbert, S L Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39637529?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Host+response+to+prosthetic+heart+valves%3A+Preclinical+testing&rft.au=Hilbert%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Hilbert&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - FDA's mission in response to a food safety threat AN - 39637499; 3754113 AU - Levitt, J Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39637499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=FDA%27s+mission+in+response+to+a+food+safety+threat&rft.au=Levitt%2C+J&rft.aulast=Levitt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Use of biological modeling in risk assessment AN - 39635610; 3758095 AU - Luu, H-MD Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39635610?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+biological+modeling+in+risk+assessment&rft.au=Luu%2C+H-MD&rft.aulast=Luu&rft.aufirst=H-MD&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Probabilistic risk assessment of food and water borne pathogens AN - 39635553; 3756673 AU - Dennis, S B Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39635553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Probabilistic+risk+assessment+of+food+and+water+borne+pathogens&rft.au=Dennis%2C+S+B&rft.aulast=Dennis&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of exposure to estrogens at various life stages on reproductive endpoints and cancer AN - 39635331; 3753656 AU - Delclos, K B Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39635331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+exposure+to+estrogens+at+various+life+stages+on+reproductive+endpoints+and+cancer&rft.au=Delclos%2C+K+B&rft.aulast=Delclos&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Risk assessment: Emerging infectious agents and biologics AN - 39629299; 3757131 AU - Anderson, S Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39629299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment%3A+Emerging+infectious+agents+and+biologics&rft.au=Anderson%2C+S&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Immunoprotection: Agent non-specific immune stimulation by CpG nucleotides AN - 39615968; 3754677 AU - Klinman, D Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39615968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Immunoprotection%3A+Agent+non-specific+immune+stimulation+by+CpG+nucleotides&rft.au=Klinman%2C+D&rft.aulast=Klinman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cancer susceptibility, early detection AN - 39608057; 3752457 AU - Ratnasinghe, L Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39608057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cancer+susceptibility%2C+early+detection&rft.au=Ratnasinghe%2C+L&rft.aulast=Ratnasinghe&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Diagnostic imaging, reader variability, computer aids - And the quest for the Holy Grail AN - 39605152; 3753349 AU - Wagner, R F Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39605152?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Diagnostic+imaging%2C+reader+variability%2C+computer+aids+-+And+the+quest+for+the+Holy+Grail&rft.au=Wagner%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Introduction to bioinformatics AN - 39596725; 3755001 AU - Casciano, D Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39596725?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+bioinformatics&rft.au=Casciano%2C+D&rft.aulast=Casciano&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Mechanisms of neurotoxicity, neuroimaging, neuropharmacology AN - 39589963; 3755527 AU - Slikker, W Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39589963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+of+neurotoxicity%2C+neuroimaging%2C+neuropharmacology&rft.au=Slikker%2C+W&rft.aulast=Slikker&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cancer, apoptosis, & oxidative stress AN - 39567710; 3752455 AU - Shacter, E Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39567710?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cancer%2C+apoptosis%2C+%26amp%3B+oxidative+stress&rft.au=Shacter%2C+E&rft.aulast=Shacter&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Clinical trials - The FDA perspective AN - 39566714; 3744231 AU - Powers, J H Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39566714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Clinical+trials+-+The+FDA+perspective&rft.au=Powers%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Powers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA; phone: 202.737.3600; email: ICAAC@asmusa.org; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prenatal methylmercury exposure from ocean fish consumption in the Seychelles child development study. AN - 73326578; 12767734 AB - Exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) before birth can adversely affect children's neurodevelopment. The most common form of prenatal exposure is maternal fish consumption, but whether such exposure harms the fetus is unknown. We aimed to identify adverse neurodevelopmental effects in a fish-consuming population. We investigated 779 mother-infant pairs residing in the Republic of Seychelles. Mothers reported consuming fish on average 12 meals per week. Fish in Seychelles contain much the same concentrations of MeHg as commercial ocean fish elsewhere. Prenatal MeHg exposure was determined from maternal hair growing during pregnancy. We assessed neurocognitive, language, memory, motor, perceptual-motor, and behavioural functions in children at age 9 years. The association between prenatal MeHg exposure and the primary endpoints was investigated with multiple linear regression with adjustment for covariates that affect child development. Mean prenatal MeHg exposure was 6.9 parts per million (SD 4.5 ppm). Only two endpoints were associated with prenatal MeHg exposure. Increased exposure was associated with decreased performance in the grooved pegboard using the non-dominant hand in males and improved scores in the hyperactivity index of the Conner's teacher rating scale. Covariates affecting child development were appropriately associated with endpoints. These data do not support the hypothesis that there is a neurodevelopmental risk from prenatal MeHg exposure resulting solely from ocean fish consumption. JF - Lancet (London, England) AU - Myers, Gary J AU - Davidson, Philip W AU - Cox, Christopher AU - Shamlaye, Conrad F AU - Palumbo, Donna AU - Cernichiari, Elsa AU - Sloane-Reeves, Jean AU - Wilding, Gregory E AU - Kost, James AU - Huang, Li-Shan AU - Clarkson, Thomas W AD - Department of Neurology, National Institute for Child Health and Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, USA. gary_myers@urmc.rochester.edu Y1 - 2003/05/17/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 17 SP - 1686 EP - 1692 VL - 361 IS - 9370 SN - 0140-6736, 0140-6736 KW - Methylmercury Compounds KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Animals KW - Cognition Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Cognition Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Seychelles -- epidemiology KW - Child KW - Cognition Disorders -- chemically induced KW - Comorbidity KW - Pregnancy KW - Infant KW - Fishes KW - Hair -- chemistry KW - Cohort Studies KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Female KW - Mercury Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- adverse effects KW - Seafood KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73326578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Prenatal+methylmercury+exposure+from+ocean+fish+consumption+in+the+Seychelles+child+development+study.&rft.au=Myers%2C+Gary+J%3BDavidson%2C+Philip+W%3BCox%2C+Christopher%3BShamlaye%2C+Conrad+F%3BPalumbo%2C+Donna%3BCernichiari%2C+Elsa%3BSloane-Reeves%2C+Jean%3BWilding%2C+Gregory+E%3BKost%2C+James%3BHuang%2C+Li-Shan%3BClarkson%2C+Thomas+W&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft.date=2003-05-17&rft.volume=361&rft.issue=9370&rft.spage=1686&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lancet+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=01406736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-18 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Lancet. 2003 Aug 23;362(9384):664-5; author reply 665 [12944071] Lancet. 2003 May 17;361(9370):1667-8 [12767728] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - ROCKY MOUNTAIN LABORATORIES INTEGRATED RESEARCH FACILITY, HAMILTON, MONTANA. AN - 16359463; 10112 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of an Integrated Research Facility (IRF) at Rocky Mountain Laboratories (RML) in Hamilton, Ravalli County, Montana are proposed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The mission of the RNL is to play a leading role in the nation's effort to develop diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics to combat emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the anthrax attacks soon thereafter, the public is more aware of the potential for exposure of the civilian population to bioterrorism. As a result, President Bush asked the National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases to increase its research into the development of safe effective countermeasures to protect the public against the threat of biological agents that might be used in bioterrorist attacks. In addition to the proposed project, this draft EIS considers a No Action Alternative. The proposed IRF would include Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) laboratories as well as BSL-3 and BSL-2 laboratories, animal facilities, administrative support offices, conference rooms, and break areas. Construction activities would provide approximately 105,000 square feet of new building space within the existing 33-acre RML campus. in the southwest portion of Hamilton. Upgrades would include a biocontainment laboratory with a BSL-4 rating, a new chilled water plant and emergency power backup system, a new additional to Boiler Building 26 to house a new natural-gas-fired boiler, and below grade systems and utility distribution tunnels to service the IRF. Cost of facility construction is estimated at $4.7 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The IRF would improve the nation's ability to study and combat entering infectious diseases and to protect public health in keeping with NIH's mission. The proposed action would provide a highly contained and secure intramural laboratory for continuation of research into emerging infectious disease within the budgetary constraints of NIH at the RML facility. Construction activities would employ up to 200 workers at the peak employment period; operation of the new facilities would employ 10 permanent workers. Approximately $18.9 million in revenues would be generated within the county during the two-year construction period. The annual payroll for the additional operational employees at the facility would amount to $6.6 million. New buildings and boiler stacks would mar visual aesthetics in the area, including views from the RML Historic District. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Operation of the IRF would involve the potential for accidental release of biological agents or the release of such agents due to terrorist attack, but these possibilities would be minimal due to precautions taken at the facility. Traffic levels within the vicinity of the IRF would increase substantially. LEGAL MANDATES: National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended (49 U.S.C 303) JF - EPA number: 030235, 238 pages and maps, May 15, 2003 PY - 2003 KW - Urban and Social Programs KW - Biological Agents KW - Employment KW - Health Hazards KW - Historic Districts KW - Research Facilities KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources KW - Montana KW - National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16359463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-05-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=ROCKY+MOUNTAIN+LABORATORIES+INTEGRATED+RESEARCH+FACILITY%2C+HAMILTON%2C+MONTANA.&rft.title=ROCKY+MOUNTAIN+LABORATORIES+INTEGRATED+RESEARCH+FACILITY%2C+HAMILTON%2C+MONTANA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health; DHHS N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: May 15, 2003 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anthrax lethal factor represses glucocorticoid and progesterone receptor activity AN - 18749495; 5626000 AB - We report here that a bacterial toxin, anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx), at very low concentrations represses glucocorticoid receptor (GR) transactivation in a transient transfection system and the activity of an endogenous GR-regulated gene in both a cellular system and an animal model. This repression is noncompetitive and does not affect ligand binding or DNA binding, suggesting that anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx) probably exerts its effects through a cofactor(s) involved in the interaction between GR and the basal transcription machinery. LeTx-nuclear receptor repression is selective, repressing GR, progesterone receptor B (PR-B), and estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha ), but not the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) or ER beta . GR repression was also caused by selected p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors, suggesting that the LeTx action may result in part from its known inactivation of MAP kinases. Simultaneous loss of GR and other nuclear receptor activities could render an animal more susceptible to lethal or toxic effects of anthrax infection by removing the normally protective antiinflammatory effects of these hormones, similar to the increased mortality seen in animals exposed to both GR antagonists and infectious agents or bacterial products. These finding have implications for development of new treatments and prevention of the toxic effects of anthrax. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA AU - Webster, JI AU - Tonelli, L H AU - Moayeri, M AU - Simons, SS Jr AU - Leppla, SH AU - Sternberg, E M AD - Section on Neuroendocrine Immunology and Behavior, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, ems@codon.nih.gov Y1 - 2003/05/13/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 13 SP - 5706 EP - 5711 VL - 100 IS - 10 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - anthrax lethal factor KW - biological warfare agents KW - glucocorticoids KW - lethal factor KW - progesterone receptors KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - N 14553:Transcription initiation, elongation & termination KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18749495?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.atitle=Anthrax+lethal+factor+represses+glucocorticoid+and+progesterone+receptor+activity&rft.au=Webster%2C+JI%3BTonelli%2C+L+H%3BMoayeri%2C+M%3BSimons%2C+SS+Jr%3BLeppla%2C+SH%3BSternberg%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Webster&rft.aufirst=JI&rft.date=2003-05-13&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=5706&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.1036973100 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1036973100 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Alcohol Use by Persons under the Legal Drinking Age of 21. The NHSDA Report. AN - 62160613; ED478361 AB - This report presents findings on underage alcohol use (i.e., alcohol use among persons under the age of 21) from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA). The NHSDA asks respondents about the quantity and frequency of their alcohol use in the past month. The NHSDA also asks about problems or behaviors associated with their alcohol use in the past 12 months, including driving under the influence of alcohol, symptoms of alcohol dependence or abuse, and receipt of treatment for alcohol problems. Data also were analyzed by the type of county in which respondents lived at the time of the interview and by college enrollment status. Moreover, because the NHSDA since 1999 has included people in all 50 States and the District of Columbia, it is possible to produce estimates at the State level. Therefore, this report also includes estimates of underage alcohol use at the State level based on combined data from 3 survey years: 1999 through 2001. (Author) Y1 - 2003/05/09/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 09 SP - 7 KW - National Household Survey on Drug Abuse KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Drinking KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Incidence KW - Tables (Data) KW - Behavior Problems KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62160613?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bromate induces loss of heterozygosity in the Thymidine kinase gene of L5178Y/Tk super(+/-)-3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells AN - 18776823; 5643845 AB - Potassium bromate (KBrO3) induces DNA damage and tumors in mice and rats, but is a relatively weak mutagen in microbial assays and the in vitro mammalian Hprt assay. Concern that there may be a human health risk associated with bromate, a disinfectant by-product of ozonation, has accompanied the increasing use of ozonation as an alternative to chlorination for treatment of drinking water. In this study, we have evaluated the mutagenicity of KBrO3 and sodium bromate (NaBrO3) in the Tk gene of mouse lymphoma cells. In contrast to the weak mutagenic activity seen in the previous studies, bromate induced a mutant frequency of over 10010 super(-6) at 0.6mM with minimal cytotoxicity (70-80% survival) and over 130010 super(-6) at 3mM ( similar to 10% survival). The increase in the Tk mutant frequency was primarily due to the induction of small colony of Tk mutants. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis of 384 mutants from control and 2.7mM KBrO3-treated cells showed that almost all (99%) bromate-induced mutants resulted from LOH, whereas in the control cultures 77% of the Tk mutants were LOH. Our results suggest that bromate is a potent mutagen in the Tk gene of mouse lymphoma cells, and the mechanism of action primarily involves LOH. The ability of the mouse lymphoma assay to detect a wider array of mutational events than the microbial or V79 Hprt assays may account for the potent mutagenic response. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Harrington-Brock, K AU - Collard, D D AU - Chen, T AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, tchen@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/05/09/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 09 SP - 21 EP - 28 VL - 537 IS - 1 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - Hprt gene KW - Potassium bromate KW - double prime Tk gene KW - mice KW - potassium bromate KW - sodium bromate KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - G 07397:Rodentia (mice) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18776823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Bromate+induces+loss+of+heterozygosity+in+the+Thymidine+kinase+gene+of+L5178Y%2FTk+super%28%2B%2F-%29-3.7.2C+mouse+lymphoma+cells&rft.au=Harrington-Brock%2C+K%3BCollard%2C+D+D%3BChen%2C+T&rft.aulast=Harrington-Brock&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-05-09&rft.volume=537&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1383-5718%2803%2900044-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5718(03)00044-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ingrown toenail relief drug products for over-the-counter human use. Final rule. AN - 73285831; 12737160 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing a final rule establishing conditions under which over-the-counter (OTC) ingrown toenail relief drug products containing sodium sulfide 1 percent in a gel vehicle are generally recognized as safe and effective and not misbranded. This rule also amends the regulation that lists nonmonograph active ingredients in OTC drug products for ingrown toenail relief by removing sodium sulfide from that list. This final rule is part of FDA's ongoing review of OTC drug products. JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2003/05/07/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 07 SP - 24347 EP - 24349 VL - 68 IS - 88 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Nonprescription Drugs KW - 0 KW - Sulfides KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Nonprescription Drugs -- adverse effects KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Product Labeling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Nonprescription Drugs -- therapeutic use KW - Humans KW - Nonprescription Drugs -- classification KW - Nails, Ingrown -- drug therapy KW - Sulfides -- therapeutic use KW - Sulfides -- classification KW - Sulfides -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73285831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Ingrown+toenail+relief+drug+products+for+over-the-counter+human+use.+Final+rule.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2003-05-07&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=88&rft.spage=24347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-16 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrogen peroxide formation and actin filament reorganization by Cdc42 are essential for ethanol-induced in vitro angiogenesis. AN - 73251718; 12598535 AB - This report focuses on the identification of the molecular mechanisms of ethanol-induced in vitro angiogenesis. The manipulation of angiogenesis is an important therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic inflammation. Our results showed that ethanol stimulation altered the integrity of actin filaments and increased the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia in SVEC4-10 cells. Further experiments demonstrated that ethanol stimulation increased cell migration and invasion and induced in vitro angiogenesis in SVEC4-10 cells. Mechanistically, ethanol stimulation activated Cdc42 and produced H(2)O(2) a reactive oxygen species intermediate in SVEC4-10 cells. Measuring the time course of Cdc42 activation and H(2)O(2) production upon ethanol stimulation revealed that the Cdc42 activation and the increase of H(2)O(2) lasted more than 3 h, which indicates the mechanisms of the long duration effects of ethanol on the cells. Furthermore, either overexpression of a constitutive dominant negative Cdc42 or inhibition of H(2)O(2) production abrogated the effects of ethanol on SVEC4-10 cells, indicating that both the activation of Cdc42 and the production of H(2)O(2) are essential for the actions of ethanol. Interestingly, we also found that overexpression of a constitutive dominant positive Cdc42 itself was sufficient to produce H(2)O(2) and to induce in vitro angiogenesis. Taken together, our results suggest that ethanol stimulation can induce H(2)O(2) production through the activation of Cdc42, which results in reorganizing actin filaments and increasing cell motility and in vitro angiogenesis. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Qian, Yong AU - Luo, Jia AU - Leonard, Stephen S AU - Harris, Gabriel K AU - Millecchia, Lyndell AU - Flynn, Daniel C AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. yaq2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05/02/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 02 SP - 16189 EP - 16197 VL - 278 IS - 18 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Actins KW - 0 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein KW - EC 3.6.5.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cell Movement -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Cell Line KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- metabolism KW - Actins -- drug effects KW - Ethanol -- toxicity KW - Neovascularization, Physiologic -- drug effects KW - cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein -- physiology KW - Actins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73251718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Hydrogen+peroxide+formation+and+actin+filament+reorganization+by+Cdc42+are+essential+for+ethanol-induced+in+vitro+angiogenesis.&rft.au=Qian%2C+Yong%3BLuo%2C+Jia%3BLeonard%2C+Stephen+S%3BHarris%2C+Gabriel+K%3BMillecchia%2C+Lyndell%3BFlynn%2C+Daniel+C%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Qian&rft.aufirst=Yong&rft.date=2003-05-02&rft.volume=278&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=16189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic exposure to NMDA receptor and sodium channel blockers during development in monkeys and rats: long-term effects on cognitive function. AN - 73518691; 12853303 AB - The effects of chronic administration of MK-801 (NMDA-receptor antagonist) and remacemide (sodium channel blocker) on monkey learning of several brain function tasks was assessed in juveniles (nine months old). Low (LO) and high (HI) doses of both drugs were given orally each day for 18 months. There were no adverse effects of any treatment on tests of short-term memory or motivation. HI doses of both MK-801 and remacemide delayed acquisition of a visual discrimination task (the remacemide effect was much greater). HI doses of remacemide alone severely disrupted learning task acquisition and this effect lasted for several months after dosing. Thus, in monkeys, chronic blockade of NMDA receptors is relatively well tolerated, whereas blockade of sodium channels (perhaps in conjunction with NMDA receptor blockade) has long-term-perhaps permanent-consequences. To further explore the roles of NMDA receptors and sodium channels in these effects, MK-801, phenytoin (sodium channel blocker), or both were administered to rats and the acquisition of tasks similar to those used in the monkey study were assessed. Dosing began at weaning and continued for nine months. Throughout the study, HI MK-801 subjects exhibited impaired performance in all tasks. Some effects of MK-801 were blocked completely by phenytoin. In the rat, blockade of sodium channels was well tolerated but blockade of NMDA receptors had significant and long-term (permanent?) adverse consequences. These data contrast markedly with those obtained for the monkey and suggest, at least for some drug classes, that the rat might not be a good predictor of effects in primates. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Paule, Merle G AU - Fogle, C Matthew AU - Allen, Richard R AU - Pearson, Edwin C AU - Hammond, Timothy G AU - Popke, E Jon AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. mpaule@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 116 EP - 22; discussion 123-4 VL - 993 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Acetamides KW - 0 KW - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate KW - Sodium Channel Blockers KW - Dizocilpine Maleate KW - 6LR8C1B66Q KW - remacemide KW - EH6763C1IC KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Learning -- drug effects KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate -- metabolism KW - Neuropsychological Tests KW - Haplorhini KW - Acetamides -- pharmacology KW - Cognition -- drug effects KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Acetamides -- administration & dosage KW - Sodium Channel Blockers -- pharmacology KW - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists -- administration & dosage KW - Sodium Channel Blockers -- administration & dosage KW - Brain -- growth & development KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- pharmacology KW - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists -- pharmacology KW - Dizocilpine Maleate -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73518691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Chronic+exposure+to+NMDA+receptor+and+sodium+channel+blockers+during+development+in+monkeys+and+rats%3A+long-term+effects+on+cognitive+function.&rft.au=Paule%2C+Merle+G%3BFogle%2C+C+Matthew%3BAllen%2C+Richard+R%3BPearson%2C+Edwin+C%3BHammond%2C+Timothy+G%3BPopke%2C+E+Jon&rft.aulast=Paule&rft.aufirst=Merle&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=993&rft.issue=&rft.spage=116&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-25 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multielement analysis of housewares and other food-related items by a 241Am radioisotope X-ray fluorescence transportable spectrometer and handheld analyzers. AN - 73516647; 12852580 AB - Radioisotopic X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (RXRFS) performed with an analyzer based on a 241Am excitation source was investigated as a potential field method for screening housewares for the presence of toxic elements. A compact system based on commercially available detection and multichannel analyzer components was used to measure surface concentrations of Au, Ba, Bi, Cd, Ce, Co, Cs, Cu, Fe, La, Pb, Sb, Sn, Sr, Zn, and Zr in a wide variety of housewares and other food-related items. Certified reference material solders, glasses, and paint films and well-characterized oven-fired test tile glazes, solders, and metal can seams were analyzed to determine element sensitivities and analytical limits and to demonstrate the accuracy of the instrument. With analysis times of 3-5 min, the analyzer demonstrated 3sigma limits of detection of 70. Very good accuracy was demonstrated for glaze and thin-sample analyses, whereas analysis was possible for solders and metal can seams with greater uncertainties (20-40%). Two commercially available handheld RXRFS analyzers, evaluated as part of the study, yielded results that agreed well with those obtained with the 124Am-based RXRFS system. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Anderson, David L AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Elemental Research Branch, College Park, MD 20740, USA. david.anderson@cfsan.fda.gov PY - 2003 SP - 583 EP - 597 VL - 86 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Elements KW - 0 KW - Metals KW - Americium KW - VW92PHU2UY KW - Index Medicus KW - Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission KW - Glass -- analysis KW - Ceramics -- analysis KW - Metals -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73516647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Multielement+analysis+of+housewares+and+other+food-related+items+by+a+241Am+radioisotope+X-ray+fluorescence+transportable+spectrometer+and+handheld+analyzers.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+David+L&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of chlorogenic acid on hydroxyl radical. AN - 73502809; 12841649 AB - Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is considered to act as an antioxidant. However, the inhibitory effects of CGA on specific radical species are not well understood. Electron spin resonance (ESR) in combination with spin trapping techniques was utilized to detect free radicals. 5,5-Dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) was used as a spin trapping reagent while the Fenton reaction was used as a source of hydroxyl radical (*OH). We found that CGA scavenges *OH in a dose-dependent manner. The kinetic parameters, IC50 and Vmax, for CGA scavenging of *OH were 110 and 1.27 microM/sec, respectively. The rate constant for the scavenging of *OH by CGA was 7.73 x 10(9) M(-1) sec(-1). Our studies suggest that the antioxidant properties of CGA may involve a direct scavenging effect of CGA on *OH. JF - Molecular and cellular biochemistry AU - Zang, Lun-Yi AU - Cosma, Greg AU - Gardner, Henry AU - Castranova, Vince AU - Vallyathan, Val AD - Exposure Assessment Branch and Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. laz7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 205 EP - 210 VL - 247 IS - 1-2 SN - 0300-8177, 0300-8177 KW - Cyclic N-Oxides KW - 0 KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - Chlorogenic Acid KW - 318ADP12RI KW - Hydroxyl Radical KW - 3352-57-6 KW - 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide KW - 7170JZ1QF3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Spin Trapping KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Cyclic N-Oxides -- pharmacology KW - Inhibitory Concentration 50 KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- chemistry KW - Cyclic N-Oxides -- chemistry KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- pharmacology KW - Chlorogenic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Hydroxyl Radical -- chemistry KW - Chlorogenic Acid -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73502809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Effect+of+chlorogenic+acid+on+hydroxyl+radical.&rft.au=Zang%2C+Lun-Yi%3BCosma%2C+Greg%3BGardner%2C+Henry%3BCastranova%2C+Vince%3BVallyathan%2C+Val&rft.aulast=Zang&rft.aufirst=Lun-Yi&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=247&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cocaine induces a dose-dependent alteration in the expression of immediate early genes c-fos and SP-1 and in nuclear factor NF-kappabeta in PC12 cells. AN - 73467188; 12853329 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Imam, Syed Z AU - Duhart, Helen M AU - Skinner, John T AU - Ali, Syed F AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, US FDA/NCTR, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 362; discussion 387 EP - 93 VL - 993 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - NF-kappa B KW - Sp1 Transcription Factor KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - PC12 Cells KW - Sp1 Transcription Factor -- genetics KW - Genes, fos KW - Cocaine -- pharmacology KW - NF-kappa B -- genetics KW - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73467188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Cocaine+induces+a+dose-dependent+alteration+in+the+expression+of+immediate+early+genes+c-fos+and+SP-1+and+in+nuclear+factor+NF-kappabeta+in+PC12+cells.&rft.au=Imam%2C+Syed+Z%3BDuhart%2C+Helen+M%3BSkinner%2C+John+T%3BAli%2C+Syed+F&rft.aulast=Imam&rft.aufirst=Syed&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=993&rft.issue=&rft.spage=362%3B+discussion+387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-25 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A statistical approach in using cDNA array analysis to determine modest changes in gene expression in several brain regions after neurotoxic insult. AN - 73464878; 12853330 AB - Modest changes in gene expression of three-fold or less might be expected after mild to moderate neurotoxic exposure to classes of compounds, such as the substituted amphetamines, or at time points that are weeks after more severe neurotoxic exposures. When many genes appear to change expression by less than two-fold, it is crucial to run several pairs of arrays and use statistical analysis to determine which genes are really changing. This limits the number of genes that have to undergo the time consuming task of performing RT-PCR to validate change in expression levels. We describe here methods for statistically determining which genes are being expressed above background levels. These methods are used to compare expression differences among the striatum, parietal cortex, posterior lateral amygdaloid nucleus, and substantia nigra brain regions, all of which differ significantly in their gene expression profiles. In these comparisons, it was possible to distinguish differences among hundreds of genes with manageable estimated false discovery rates. The effect of amphetamine treatment on gene expression in posterior lateral amygdaloid nucleus was also evaluated. The expression data indicate that many genes have changed, but in this case it is more difficult to separate affected genes from false positives. The optimum list has 50 genes, of which 32% are expected to be false positives. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Delongchamp, Robert R AU - Harris, Angela J AU - Bowyer, John F AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 363 EP - 76; discussion 387-93 VL - 993 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Central Nervous System Stimulants KW - 0 KW - Amphetamine KW - CK833KGX7E KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Gene Expression Profiling KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Central Nervous System Stimulants -- pharmacology KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Male KW - Gene Expression -- drug effects KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Brain -- physiology KW - Amphetamine -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73464878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=A+statistical+approach+in+using+cDNA+array+analysis+to+determine+modest+changes+in+gene+expression+in+several+brain+regions+after+neurotoxic+insult.&rft.au=Delongchamp%2C+Robert+R%3BHarris%2C+Angela+J%3BBowyer%2C+John+F&rft.aulast=Delongchamp&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=993&rft.issue=&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-25 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 3-nitropropionic acid inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) activity in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells: antagonism by L-carnitine. AN - 73464829; 12853322 AB - 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) is an inhibitor of the mitochondrial enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH, a part of complex II) that links the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to the respiratory electron transport chain. 3-NPA inactivates SDH by covalently and irreversibly binding to its active site. We previously examined the effects of 3-NPA on the histochemical activity of SDH in vivo, by using the reduction of a yellow tetrazolium dye (nitro blue tetrazolium) to a blue formazan as an indicator. In studies of cultured cells, the related dye methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) has commonly been used as an indicator of the presence and number of viable cells; that is cells that are capable of producing energy via the TCA cycle. Here we observed that doses of 3-NPA as low as 10(-8) M inhibited formazan production in an in vitro model system using CHO cells. This effect was antagonized by l-carnitine, which greatly increased the production of formazan, indicating a considerable improvement in energy production by the cultured cells. CHO cells appear to be a convenient model for the evaluation of therapeutic compounds that may modulate cellular bioenergetics. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Scallet, Andrew C AU - Haley, Raney L AU - Scallet, Dori M AU - Duhart, Helen M AU - Binienda, Zbigniew K AD - Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, USFDA, Arkansas 72079, USA. AScallet@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 305 EP - 12; discussion 345-9 VL - 993 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Coloring Agents KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Formazans KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - Nitro Compounds KW - Propionates KW - Tetrazolium Salts KW - Thiazoles KW - MTT formazan KW - 23305-68-2 KW - Succinate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.3.99.1 KW - thiazolyl blue KW - EUY85H477I KW - 3-nitropropionic acid KW - QY4L0FOX0D KW - Carnitine KW - S7UI8SM58A KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Formazans -- metabolism KW - Cell Respiration -- drug effects KW - Coloring Agents -- metabolism KW - Tetrazolium Salts -- metabolism KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- pharmacology KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Thiazoles -- metabolism KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- metabolism KW - CHO Cells KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Cricetinae KW - Carnitine -- pharmacology KW - Carnitine -- metabolism KW - Propionates -- pharmacology KW - Succinate Dehydrogenase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Propionates -- metabolism KW - Succinate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73464829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=3-nitropropionic+acid+inhibition+of+succinate+dehydrogenase+%28complex+II%29+activity+in+cultured+Chinese+hamster+ovary+cells%3A+antagonism+by+L-carnitine.&rft.au=Scallet%2C+Andrew+C%3BHaley%2C+Raney+L%3BScallet%2C+Dori+M%3BDuhart%2C+Helen+M%3BBinienda%2C+Zbigniew+K&rft.aulast=Scallet&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=993&rft.issue=&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-25 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neuroprotection or neurotoxicity: impact of discontinuous dose-response curves on risk assessment. AN - 73459585; 12853308 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Slikker, William AU - Duhart, Helen AU - Gaylor, David AU - Imam, Syed AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 158; discussion 159 EP - 60 VL - 993 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - 0 KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Necrosis KW - Apoptosis KW - Cocaine -- toxicity KW - PC12 Cells KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Risk Assessment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73459585?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Neuroprotection+or+neurotoxicity%3A+impact+of+discontinuous+dose-response+curves+on+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Slikker%2C+William%3BDuhart%2C+Helen%3BGaylor%2C+David%3BImam%2C+Syed&rft.aulast=Slikker&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=993&rft.issue=&rft.spage=158%3B+discussion+159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-25 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interferon for preventing and treating hepatocellular carcinoma associated with the hepatitis B and C viruses. AN - 73451178; 12846400 AB - The possibility that interferon-alpha might be effective for the prevention or treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma is suggested by its efficacy against the associated hepatitis B and C viruses, by its efficacy in the treatment of some other human tumours, and by evidence that interferon-alpha may inhibit the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and their production of hepatitis B surface antigen. Few studies support the use of interferon-alpha for preventing hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. In contrast, benefit from the use of interferon-alpha to prevent hepatitis C virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma is suggested in a large number of studies, but most of these studies have weaknesses of study design that preclude definitive conclusions. Nevertheless, most of these studies suggest that the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma is lower in hepatitis C virus-infected patients receiving interferon-alpha, particularly in patients with a sustained response to interferon-alpha, compared to nonresponders. As a treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma, interferon-alpha was only evaluated in a small number of patients with advanced disease; 'partial responses' and prolongation of survival times in a few of these studies suggest that additional studies should be done in patients with less advanced disease. JF - Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver AU - Tabor, E AD - FDA/CBER, HFM-300, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 297 EP - 305 VL - 35 IS - 5 SN - 1590-8658, 1590-8658 KW - Interferon-alpha KW - 0 KW - Interferon-beta KW - 77238-31-4 KW - Interferons KW - 9008-11-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Interferon-alpha -- therapeutic use KW - Hepatitis B -- complications KW - Interferon-beta -- therapeutic use KW - Hepatitis C -- complications KW - Humans KW - Drug Synergism KW - Neoplasm Recurrence, Local -- prevention & control KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- virology KW - Liver Neoplasms -- complications KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- complications KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- drug therapy KW - Liver Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Liver Neoplasms -- virology KW - Interferons -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73451178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Digestive+and+liver+disease+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Italian+Society+of+Gastroenterology+and+the+Italian+Association+for+the+Study+of+the+Liver&rft.atitle=Interferon+for+preventing+and+treating+hepatocellular+carcinoma+associated+with+the+hepatitis+B+and+C+viruses.&rft.au=Tabor%2C+E&rft.aulast=Tabor&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Digestive+and+liver+disease+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Italian+Society+of+Gastroenterology+and+the+Italian+Association+for+the+Study+of+the+Liver&rft.issn=15908658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-29 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of paralytic shellfish poison by rapid cell bioassay: antagonism of voltage-gated sodium channel active toxins in vitro. AN - 73450561; 12852573 AB - Although cytotoxicity assays provide several advantages over mouse bioassays, sodium channel-blocking marine toxins, such as those associated with paralytic shellfish poison (PSP), require prolonged incubation periods of 24-48 h. This is in marked contrast to in vitro detection of sodium channel-enhancing marine toxins such as ciguatoxins or brevetoxins which can be accomplished in as few as 4-6 h. We developed a modified PSP cell bioassay that is as rapid as in vitro methods for sodium channel-enhancing toxins. The cell bioassay is based on a saxitoxin-dependent antagonism of the rapid in vitro effects of brevetoxin or ciguatoxin. Comparative analysis of naturally incurred PSP residues by both antagonism cell bioassay and the mouse bioassay demonstrated significant correlation. The simplicity, sensitivity, and enhanced kinetics of the new antagonism cell bioassay format provide the basis for development of a practical alternative to conventional mouse testing for PSP. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Manger, Ronald L AU - Leja, Linda S AU - Lee, Sue Y AU - Hungerford, James M AU - Kirkpatrick, Mary Ann AU - Yasumoto, Takeshi AU - Wekell, Marleen M AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Seafood Products Research Center, 22201 23rd Dr, SE, Bothell, WA 98041-3012, USA. rmanger@fhcrc.org PY - 2003 SP - 540 EP - 543 VL - 86 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Sodium Channel Blockers KW - 0 KW - Saxitoxin KW - 35523-89-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Biological Assay KW - Mice KW - Cell Line KW - Sodium Channel Blockers -- toxicity KW - Saxitoxin -- analysis KW - Saxitoxin -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73450561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Detection+of+paralytic+shellfish+poison+by+rapid+cell+bioassay%3A+antagonism+of+voltage-gated+sodium+channel+active+toxins+in+vitro.&rft.au=Manger%2C+Ronald+L%3BLeja%2C+Linda+S%3BLee%2C+Sue+Y%3BHungerford%2C+James+M%3BKirkpatrick%2C+Mary+Ann%3BYasumoto%2C+Takeshi%3BWekell%2C+Marleen+M&rft.aulast=Manger&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=540&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of caspase III inhibition in methamphetamine-induced alterations in p53 and bcl-2 expression: correlation with dopaminergic neurotoxicity. AN - 73441305; 12853327 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Imam, Syed Z AU - Oetinger, Michelle AU - Skinner, JohnT AU - Slikker, W AU - Ali, Syed F AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 350; discussion 387 EP - 93 VL - 993 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Caspase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Dopamine Agents KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Casp3 protein, mouse KW - EC 3.4.22.- KW - Caspase 3 KW - Caspases KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 -- metabolism KW - Dopamine Agents -- pharmacology KW - Methamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- genetics KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 -- genetics KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- metabolism KW - Caspases -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73441305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+role+of+caspase+III+inhibition+in+methamphetamine-induced+alterations+in+p53+and+bcl-2+expression%3A+correlation+with+dopaminergic+neurotoxicity.&rft.au=Imam%2C+Syed+Z%3BOetinger%2C+Michelle%3BSkinner%2C+JohnT%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BAli%2C+Syed+F&rft.aulast=Imam&rft.aufirst=Syed&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=993&rft.issue=&rft.spage=350%3B+discussion+387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-25 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular mechanisms of dopaminergic neurodegeneration: genetic and environmental basis. AN - 73441117; 12853331 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Imam, Syed Z AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, US FDA/NCTR, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 377; discussion 387 EP - 93 VL - 993 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - 0 KW - NR4A2 protein, human KW - Nr4a2 protein, mouse KW - Nr4a2 protein, rat KW - Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2 KW - Transcription Factors KW - Uncoupling Agents KW - Rotenone KW - 03L9OT429T KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Transcription Factors -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - Nitric Oxide -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Transcription Factors -- genetics KW - Rats KW - Rotenone -- metabolism KW - Uncoupling Agents -- metabolism KW - Middle Aged KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Neurons -- metabolism KW - Parkinson Disease -- metabolism KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Parkinson Disease -- pathology KW - Parkinson Disease -- genetics KW - Neurons -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73441117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Molecular+mechanisms+of+dopaminergic+neurodegeneration%3A+genetic+and+environmental+basis.&rft.au=Imam%2C+Syed+Z&rft.aulast=Imam&rft.aufirst=Syed&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=993&rft.issue=&rft.spage=377%3B+discussion+387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-25 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in ciprofloxacin utilization as shown in a large pharmacy claims database: effects of proximity to criminal anthrax exposure in October 2001. AN - 73425734; 12836787 AB - Identify, during the period of criminal anthrax exposures in October 2001, changes in utilization of ciprofloxacin and geographic patterns of any identified variations. Observational. United States. Individuals making prescription claims through a pharmacy benefits management company. Analysis of AdvancePCS pharmacy claims database. Percentage change in ciprofloxacin utilization for 2000 and 2001 and, by locale, for September and October 2001. Utilization of ciprofloxacin tablets was significantly lower in calendar year 2001 than in calendar year 2000 (median decline, 10.3%) for all months except October, when utilization of ciprofloxacin increased 9.8%. During the period of anthrax exposures (October 2001 versus September 2001), affected geographic areas, including New York (an increase of 62.5%), some other Mid-Atlantic states, and Florida (28.5%), had some of the highest percentage increases in the rate of ciprofloxacin utilization. Many Americans actively sought prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin during the course of the October 2001 anthrax attack and that utilization was higher in, but not limited to, locales with publicized cases of disease. Pharmacists, clinicians, and public health officials should note that such behavior may be expected in the event of a similar attack and should be familiar with current recommendations for the assessment and management of anthrax exposure. JF - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA AU - Brinker, Allen AU - Pamer, Carol AU - Beitz, Julie AD - Division of Drug Risk Evaluation, Office of Drug Safety, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. brinkera@cder.fda.gov PY - 2003 SP - 375 EP - 378 VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 1544-3191, 1544-3191 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - 5E8K9I0O4U KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Crime KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) -- standards KW - Humans KW - Databases, Factual KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Bioterrorism KW - United States Food and Drug Administration -- standards KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Anthrax -- epidemiology KW - Drug Utilization Review -- trends KW - Ciprofloxacin -- therapeutic use KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Anthrax -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73425734?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Pharmacists+Association+%3A+JAPhA&rft.atitle=Changes+in+ciprofloxacin+utilization+as+shown+in+a+large+pharmacy+claims+database%3A+effects+of+proximity+to+criminal+anthrax+exposure+in+October+2001.&rft.au=Brinker%2C+Allen%3BPamer%2C+Carol%3BBeitz%2C+Julie&rft.aulast=Brinker&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Pharmacists+Association+%3A+JAPhA&rft.issn=15443191&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-31 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Male reproductive effects of phthalates: an emerging picture. AN - 73411113; 12859023 JF - Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) AU - Hoppin, Jane A AD - Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. hoppin1@niehs.nih.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 259 EP - 260 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 1044-3983, 1044-3983 KW - Phthalic Acids KW - 0 KW - Dibutyl Phthalate KW - 2286E5R2KE KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate KW - C42K0PH13C KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate -- toxicity KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infertility, Male -- chemically induced KW - Dibutyl Phthalate -- toxicity KW - Male KW - Semen -- drug effects KW - Phthalic Acids -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73411113?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.atitle=Male+reproductive+effects+of+phthalates%3A+an+emerging+picture.&rft.au=Hoppin%2C+Jane+A&rft.aulast=Hoppin&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.issn=10443983&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-30 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment On: Epidemiology. 2003 May;14(3):269-77 [12859026] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neuroprotective effects of L-carnitine in induced mitochondrial dysfunction. AN - 73398117; 12853320 AB - The neuroprotective action of l-carnitine (LC) in the rat model of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was examined. 3-NPA is known to produce decreases in neuronal ATP levels via inhibition of the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) at complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. SDH is involved in reactions of the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, and its inhibition leads to both necrosis and apoptosis. LC enhances mitochondrial metabolism and, together with its acetylated form, acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC), via the LC-ALC-mediated transfer of acetyl groups, plays an important modulatory role in neurotransmitter signal transduction pathways and gene expression in neuronal cells. In the study described here, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with 3-NPA alone or treated with LC prior to 3-NPA administration. Pretreatment with LC totally prevented the 3-NPA-induced decrease in brain temperature measured using temperature probes implanted intracranially. It appears that the protective effects of LC against 3-NPA-induced neurotoxicity are achieved via compensatory enhancement of several pathways of mitochondrial energy metabolism. The results of this and previous studies conducted by our division in the 3-NPA model of mitochondrial dysfunction demonstrate that 3-NPA may be employed in vivo to evaluate enhancers of mitochondrial function that might exert neuroprotective effects. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Binienda, Zbigniew K AD - Neurophysiology Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. zbinienda@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 289 EP - 95; discussion 345-9 VL - 993 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Convulsants KW - 0 KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - Nitro Compounds KW - Propionates KW - Succinate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.3.99.1 KW - 3-nitropropionic acid KW - QY4L0FOX0D KW - Carnitine KW - S7UI8SM58A KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Regression Analysis KW - Brain -- cytology KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Convulsants -- pharmacology KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Body Temperature KW - Hypothermia -- metabolism KW - Succinate Dehydrogenase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Succinate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Carnitine -- pharmacology KW - Mitochondria -- drug effects KW - Propionates -- pharmacology KW - Mitochondria -- metabolism KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73398117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Neuroprotective+effects+of+L-carnitine+in+induced+mitochondrial+dysfunction.&rft.au=Binienda%2C+Zbigniew+K&rft.aulast=Binienda&rft.aufirst=Zbigniew&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=993&rft.issue=&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-25 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of gamma- and electron-beam irradiation on semi-rigid amorphous polyethylene terephthalate copolymers. AN - 73322933; 12775470 AB - Two semi-rigid amorphous polyethylene terephthalate copolymer materials (in both sheet and powder forms) containing 3% 1,4-cyclohexane dimethanol (CHDM) and 31% CHDM were irradiated at 5, 25 and 50 kGy at ambient temperature with a (60)Co radiator or an electron-beam accelerator. After irradiation, volatiles were determined using static headspace sampling with capillary gas chromatography and mass selective detection or flame ionization detection (HS/GC/MSD or FID). Non-volatiles were extracted with 10% aqueous ethanol and 100% n-heptane food-simulating solvents, maintained at 40 degrees C for up to 10 days. The non-volatiles in the materials and those migrating into the food-simulating solvents were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet and/or photodiode array detection. The results obtained from the HS/GC/MSD suggest that no new chemicals were detected by either gamma- or e-beam irradiation when compared with non-irradiated specimens. The major volatiles in the copolymers were acetaldehyde and 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane. The concentrations of acetaldehyde increased from 1.24-1.96 mg kg(-1) to 1.94-3.65, 3.52-7.23 and 5.45-15.37 mg kg(-1) after exposure to 5, 25 and 50 kGy doses, respectively. The concentrations of 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane decreased from 2.49-5.26 mg kg(-1) to 2.07-3.13, 1.33-2.14 and 0.64-2.24 mg kg(-1) after exposure to 5, 25 and 50 kGy doses, respectively. The results of analysis of the copolymers for non-volatiles show that irradiation did not produce any new detectable non-volatile chemicals. A 5 kGy dose had no detectable effect on either copolymer. The 25 and 50 kGy doses had slightly different effects with respect to gamma- and e-beam irradiation on low MW oligomers. However, these increased doses did not significantly affect migration. The concentration of most low molecular weight oligomers migrating into 10% ethanol and 100% heptane was < or =2 ng g(-1) of each oligomer for both copolymers. The cyclic trimer migrating from the 3% CHDM copolymer was approximately 4 ng g(-1); it was 3 ng g(-1) for the 31% CHDM copolymer. The overall results suggest that irradiation significantly increased levels of acetaldehyde but had no effect on non-volatile compounds migrating into food simulants. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Komolprasert, V AU - McNeal, T P AU - Begley, T H AD - Division of Food Processing and Packaging, US Food and Drug Administration and National Center for Food Safety and Technology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Summit-Agro, 60501, USA. Vanee.Komolprasert@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 505 EP - 517 VL - 20 IS - 5 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Polyethylene Terephthalates KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Electrons KW - Humans KW - Gamma Rays KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Polyethylene Terephthalates -- chemistry KW - Food Irradiation KW - Polyethylene Terephthalates -- radiation effects KW - Food Packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73322933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Effects+of+gamma-+and+electron-beam+irradiation+on+semi-rigid+amorphous+polyethylene+terephthalate+copolymers.&rft.au=Komolprasert%2C+V%3BMcNeal%2C+T+P%3BBegley%2C+T+H&rft.aulast=Komolprasert&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-14 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of the magnetic fields around walk-through and hand-held metal detectors. AN - 73297039; 12747477 AB - Magnetic field strength measurements were made around eight hand-held and 10 walk-through metal detectors. The method was similar to that used in previous research for Electronic Article Surveillance units except a Cartesian rather than cylindrical coordinate system was used. Special magnetic field probes specifically designed for metal detector measurements were used. A non-metallic positioning apparatus was designed and fabricated. Magnetic field strength measurements were collected on one hand-held metal detector in the laboratory. The remaining data were collected at airport terminals, federal and state government buildings, and a local high school. Walk-through metal detectors had considerably higher magnetic field strengths [up to 299 Am(-1) p-p (3,741 mG)] than hand-held metal detectors [up to 6 Am(-1) p-p (76 mG)]. The frequencies of the magnetic field signal for walk-through detectors were between 0.1 kHz and 3.5 kHz while those for hand-held detectors were between 89 kHz and 133 kHz. Waveforms for all hand-held metal detectors were sinusoidal; those for walk-through metal detectors varied with most being saw-toothed or pulsed. Due to their higher field strengths and the pulsed nature of their magnetic fields, walk-through metal detectors likely pose a higher risk for medical device electromagnetic interference than do hand-held units. Root mean squared magnetic field strengths were calculated from the peak-to-peak values and compared to occupational and general public exposure limits. None of these limits were exceeded. Measurement repeatability was examined for one hand-held and two walk-through metal detectors. For the hand-held metal detector measurements at the location of the maximum magnetic field strength, measurements by three individuals had a repeatability (percent standard deviation) of 5.9%. Limited repeatability data were collected for on-site measurements of walk-through detectors. One unit showed repeatability of 0.1 to 4.5%; a multi-zone unit showed repeatability of 2.7 to 67.5%. JF - Health physics AU - Boivin, W AU - Coletta, J AU - Kerr, L AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Winchester Engineering and Analytical Center, 109 Holton Street, Winchester, MA 01890, USA. wboivin@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 582 EP - 593 VL - 84 IS - 5 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - Metals KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Electromagnetic Phenomena -- methods KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Electromagnetic Phenomena -- standards KW - Electromagnetic Phenomena -- instrumentation KW - Humans KW - Security Measures -- standards KW - Equipment Failure Analysis -- instrumentation KW - Radiometry -- instrumentation KW - Electromagnetic Fields KW - Equipment Failure Analysis -- methods KW - Radiometry -- methods KW - Equipment Failure Analysis -- standards KW - Radiometry -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73297039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+physics&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+magnetic+fields+around+walk-through+and+hand-held+metal+detectors.&rft.au=Boivin%2C+W%3BColetta%2C+J%3BKerr%2C+L&rft.aulast=Boivin&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=582&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-11 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemoprevention of breast cancer: recommendations and rationale. AN - 73295139; 12759615 JF - The American journal of nursing AU - Berg, Alfred O AU - U.S. Preventive Services Task Force AD - U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, c/o U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Practice and Technology Assessment, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. uspstf@ahrq.gov ; U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 107 EP - 107, 109, 111, 113 VL - 103 IS - 5 SN - 0002-936X, 0002-936X KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal KW - 0 KW - Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators KW - Tamoxifen KW - 094ZI81Y45 KW - Raloxifene Hydrochloride KW - 4F86W47BR6 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Nursing KW - Endometrial Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Thromboembolism -- chemically induced KW - Female KW - Tamoxifen -- therapeutic use KW - Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators -- adverse effects KW - Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators -- therapeutic use KW - Raloxifene Hydrochloride -- therapeutic use KW - Tamoxifen -- adverse effects KW - Breast Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Raloxifene Hydrochloride -- adverse effects KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal -- therapeutic use KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73295139?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Enalapril%3A+pharmacokinetic%2Fdynamic+inferences+for+comparative+developmental+toxicity.+A+review.&rft.au=Tabacova%2C+S+A%3BKimmel%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Tabacova&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-11 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of interleukin (IL)-4 cytotoxin on breast tumor growth after in vivo gene transfer of IL-4 receptor alpha chain. AN - 73283673; 12738741 AB - Although human breast cancer cells express interleukin-4 receptors (IL-4Rs), a recombinant fusion protein, IL-4 cytotoxin, did not mediate desirable antitumor activity in tumor models of breast cancer. Recent studies have identified that a primary IL-4 binding protein, IL-4Ralpha chain, is internalized after binding to IL-4 in cancer cells. The consequent expression of high-level IL-4Ralpha in tumor cells sensitizes them to the cytotoxic effect of IL-4 cytotoxin in vitro. To assess whether overexpression of IL-4Ralpha chain in vivo by plasmid-mediated gene transfer can enhance antitumor activity of IL-4 cytotoxin in mouse models of breast tumor, we injected MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells in both flanks of athymic nude mice. Animals then received three intratumoral (i.t.) injections of either IL-4Ralpha encoding vector (left flank) or vector only (right flank) mixed with liposome followed by IL-4 cytotoxin administration. Both i.p. and i.t. administration of IL-4 cytotoxin profoundly reduced the growth of IL-4Ralpha plasmid-injected MDA-MB-231 tumors, compared with control. Innate immune cells, including macrophages and neutrophils, were found to infiltrate at the regressing tumor site. This study provides proof of principle that i.t. IL-4Ralpha plasmid injection followed by systemic or i.t. IL-4 cytotoxin administration may be a useful strategy for the treatment of breast cancer. JF - Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research AU - Kawakami, Koji AU - Kawakami, Mariko AU - Husain, Syed R AU - Puri, Raj K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 1826 EP - 1836 VL - 9 IS - 5 SN - 1078-0432, 1078-0432 KW - Antigens, Neoplasm KW - 0 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - Immunotoxins KW - Receptors, Interleukin-4 KW - Interleukin-4 KW - 207137-56-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Injections, Intralesional KW - Gene Transfer Techniques KW - Humans KW - Macrophage Activation KW - Breast Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- transplantation KW - Mice KW - Mice, Nude KW - Radioligand Assay KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- immunology KW - Breast Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Receptors, Interleukin-4 -- metabolism KW - Interleukin-4 -- immunology KW - Interleukin-4 -- pharmacology KW - Genetic Therapy -- methods KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- metabolism KW - Immunotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Receptors, Interleukin-4 -- genetics KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73283673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Effect+of+interleukin+%28IL%29-4+cytotoxin+on+breast+tumor+growth+after+in+vivo+gene+transfer+of+IL-4+receptor+alpha+chain.&rft.au=Kawakami%2C+Koji%3BKawakami%2C+Mariko%3BHusain%2C+Syed+R%3BPuri%2C+Raj+K&rft.aulast=Kawakami&rft.aufirst=Koji&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1826&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=10780432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-12 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical pharmacology of topiramate versus lamotrigine versus phenobarbital: comparison of efficacy and side effects using odds ratios. AN - 73275727; 12751270 AB - Clinical pharmacologists, neurologists, internists, and all health care givers must consider the efficacy, safety, and side effect profile of a given antiepileptic drug (AED) when determining which drug is best for a given patient. The first purpose of this paper is to address whether the "new" AEDs have advantages over the "old" drugs. The second purpose is to teach those interested in clinical pharmacology about the use of Web-based information access to answer a neurology/clinical pharmacology problem: to compare the efficacy and side effects of topiramate versus lamotrigine versus phenobarbital using odds ratios. Cost of all three AEDs was also compared. A number of new AEDs, including topiramate and lamotrigine, have been developed for chronic focal and secondarily generalized epileptic seizures. Efficacy of these drugs as anticonvulsants does not seem to be superior to that of traditional anticonvulsants such as phenobarbital. However, the advantage of the new drugs is a different spectrum of possible adverse events. Newer AEDs may or may not induce sedation and may minimize noncompliance by reducing side effects of lethargy and cognitive impairment. The difficulty in achieving therapeutic dosage because of side effects makes one consider whether these agents are "better" than the oldest and most side effect-prone AED, phenobarbital. The new AEDs have less frequent interactions, leading to improved tolerability with comedication. This exercise compares two "new" AEDs, topiramate and lamotrigine, with phenobarbital by evaluating efficacies and side effects using relative odds ratios, a method commonly used in drug development research. Development of new algorithms and/or new knowledge will bring beneficial tools to all clinical pharmacologists. JF - Journal of clinical pharmacology AU - Lathers, Claire M AU - Schraeder, Paul L AU - Claycamp, H Gregg AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 7519 Standish Place, Rockville, MD 20855, USA. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 491 EP - 503 VL - 43 IS - 5 SN - 0091-2700, 0091-2700 KW - Anticonvulsants KW - 0 KW - Triazines KW - topiramate KW - 0H73WJJ391 KW - Fructose KW - 30237-26-4 KW - lamotrigine KW - U3H27498KS KW - Phenobarbital KW - YQE403BP4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Costs and Cost Analysis KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Phenobarbital -- economics KW - Fructose -- analogs & derivatives KW - Triazines -- economics KW - Fructose -- economics KW - Anticonvulsants -- economics KW - Fructose -- adverse effects KW - Anticonvulsants -- adverse effects KW - Fructose -- therapeutic use KW - Epilepsy -- drug therapy KW - Anticonvulsants -- therapeutic use KW - Phenobarbital -- adverse effects KW - Phenobarbital -- therapeutic use KW - Triazines -- adverse effects KW - Triazines -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73275727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Clinical+pharmacology+of+topiramate+versus+lamotrigine+versus+phenobarbital%3A+comparison+of+efficacy+and+side+effects+using+odds+ratios.&rft.au=Lathers%2C+Claire+M%3BSchraeder%2C+Paul+L%3BClaycamp%2C+H+Gregg&rft.aulast=Lathers&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00912700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-18 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health hazards to park rangers from excessive heat at Grand Canyon National Park. AN - 73270175; 12746072 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Krake, Ann AU - McCullough, Joel AU - King, Bradley AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, Hazard Evaluations and Technical Assistance Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 295 EP - 317 VL - 18 IS - 5 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Index Medicus KW - Workload KW - Acclimatization -- physiology KW - Humans KW - United States Government Agencies KW - Work Schedule Tolerance -- physiology KW - Adult KW - Arizona KW - Rescue Work -- manpower KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Body Temperature -- physiology KW - Task Performance and Analysis KW - Female KW - Male KW - Walking -- physiology KW - Water-Electrolyte Balance -- physiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Recreation KW - Heat Stress Disorders -- physiopathology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Heat Stress Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Heat Stress Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Desert Climate -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73270175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Health+hazards+to+park+rangers+from+excessive+heat+at+Grand+Canyon+National+Park.&rft.au=Krake%2C+Ann%3BMcCullough%2C+Joel%3BKing%2C+Bradley&rft.aulast=Krake&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anxiety and trail making test scores in a sample of cocaine abusers. AN - 73270053; 12745631 AB - Anxiety effects on the Trail Making test (TMT), a test often used for screening for cognitive impairments, were examined in a sample of cocaine abusers in drug abuse treatment programs. A mixed race sample of 4306 subjects was drawn from electronic files of data from the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS). The DATOS was a naturalistic, prospective cohort study that collected data from 1991-1993 in 96 programs in 11 cities in the United States. Data were analyzed to determine the effects of anxiety on the TMT scores A and B, and also derived indices created by adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing parts A and B of the TMT in this large treatment sample of cocaine abusers. The variables of sex, age, ethnicity, and education were included in analyses to control for demographic effects. The ratio derived score was the least sensitive TMT score to the effects of anxiety, but all TMT R-squares were quite small. JF - The International journal of neuroscience AU - Roberts, Charles AU - Horton, Arthur MacNeill AD - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 747 EP - 757 VL - 113 IS - 5 SN - 0020-7454, 0020-7454 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cognition Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Prospective Studies KW - Cognition Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Neuropsychological Tests KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Trail Making Test KW - Anxiety -- diagnosis KW - Anxiety -- epidemiology KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73270053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.atitle=Anxiety+and+trail+making+test+scores+in+a+sample+of+cocaine+abusers.&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Charles%3BHorton%2C+Arthur+MacNeill&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=747&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.issn=00207454&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-01 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acephate exposure and decontamination on tobacco harvesters' hands. AN - 73263630; 12743614 AB - Agricultural workers manually harvesting tobacco have the potential for high dermal fexposure to pesticides, particularly on the hands. Often gloves are not worn as it hinders the harvesters' ability to harvest the tobacco leaves. To enable harvesters to remove pesticide residue on the hands and decrease absorbed doses, the EPA Worker Protection Standard requires growers to have hand-wash stations available in the field. The purpose of this study was to measure the concentration of acephate residue on the hands of tobacco harvesters, and the effectiveness of hand washing in reducing the acephate residue. Hand-wipes from the hands of 12 tobacco harvesters were collected at the end of the morning and at the end of the afternoon over 2 consecutive days. Each harvester had one hand-wiped prior to washing his hands, and the other hand-wiped after washing his hands with soap and water. In addition to the hand-wipe samples, leaf-wipe samples were collected from 15 tobacco plants to determine the amount of acephate residue on the plants. The average acephate level in leaf-wipe samples was 1.4 ng/cm(2). The geometric mean prewash and postwash acephate levels on the hands were 10.5 and 0.4 ng/cm(2), respectively. Both prewash (P-value=0.0009) and postwash hand (P-value=0.01) samples were positively correlated with leaf-wipe concentrations. Tobacco harvester position tended to influence hand exposure. Hand washing significantly reduced acephate levels on the hand, after adjusting for sampling period, hand sampled, job position, and leaf-wipe concentration (P-value< or =0.0001) with levels reduced by 96%. A substantial amount of acephate was transferred to the hands, and while hand washing significantly reduced the amount of residue on the hands, not all residue was removed. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Curwin, Brian D AU - Hein, Misty J AU - Sanderson, Wayne T AU - Nishioka, Marcia AU - Buhler, Wayne AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Industrywide Studies Branch, 4676 Columbia Parkway MS R-14, Cincinnati. Ohio 45226, USA. bcurwin@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 203 EP - 210 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Organothiophosphorus Compounds KW - 0 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Phosphoramides KW - acephate KW - 3Y417O444D KW - Index Medicus KW - Decontamination -- methods KW - Humans KW - North Carolina KW - Plant Leaves -- chemistry KW - Male KW - Agriculture KW - Hand Disinfection KW - Tobacco -- chemistry KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Organothiophosphorus Compounds -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73263630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Acephate+exposure+and+decontamination+on+tobacco+harvesters%27+hands.&rft.au=Curwin%2C+Brian+D%3BHein%2C+Misty+J%3BSanderson%2C+Wayne+T%3BNishioka%2C+Marcia%3BBuhler%2C+Wayne&rft.aulast=Curwin&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-18 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anthrax and the mail: the making of an educational video for mail workers. AN - 73245210; 12734525 AB - The anthrax bioterrorist attacks in 2001 affected millions of people who process, sort, and deliver mail. To more effectively communicate information intended to protect the health of these workers, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention produced a short-format educational video in December 2001 that targets this diverse group. This report illustrates how an educational video can be rapidly produced to translate and disseminate public health recommendations as part of a public health emergency response. JF - American journal of infection control AU - Moore, Kelly L AU - Sinkowitz-Cochran, Ronda L AU - Safran, Marc A AU - Chamberland, Mary E AU - Pearson, Michele L AD - Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 178 EP - 180 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0196-6553, 0196-6553 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Videotape Recording KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Inservice Training KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Postal Service KW - Bioterrorism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73245210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+infection+control&rft.atitle=Anthrax+and+the+mail%3A+the+making+of+an+educational+video+for+mail+workers.&rft.au=Moore%2C+Kelly+L%3BSinkowitz-Cochran%2C+Ronda+L%3BSafran%2C+Marc+A%3BChamberland%2C+Mary+E%3BPearson%2C+Michele+L&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=178&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+infection+control&rft.issn=01966553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-10 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dying for work: The magnitude of US mortality from selected causes of death associated with occupation. AN - 73222020; 12704620 AB - Deaths due to occupational disease and injury place a heavy burden on society in terms of economic costs and human suffering. We estimate the annual deaths due to selected diseases for which an occupational association is reasonably well established and quantifiable, by calculation of attributable fractions (AFs), with full documentation; the deaths due to occupational injury are then added to derive an estimated number of annual deaths due to occupation. Using 1997 US mortality data, the estimated annual burden of occupational disease mortality resulting from selected respiratory diseases, cancers, cardiovascular disease, chronic renal failure, and hepatitis is 49,000, with a range from 26,000 to 72,000. The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates there are about 6,200 work-related injury deaths annually. Adding disease and injury data, we estimate that there are a total of 55,200 US deaths annually resulting from occupational disease or injury (range 32,200-78,200). Our estimate is in the range reported by previous investigators, although we have restricted ourselves more than others to only those diseases with well-established occupational etiology, biasing our estimates conservatively. The underlying assumptions and data used to generate the estimates are well documented, so our estimates may be updated as new data emerges on occupational risks and exposed populations, providing an advantage over previous studies. We estimate that occupational deaths are the 8th leading cause of death in the US, after diabetes (64,751) but ahead of suicide (30,575), and greater than the annual number of motor vehicle deaths per year (43,501). Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Steenland, Kyle AU - Burnett, Carol AU - Lalich, Nina AU - Ward, Elizabeth AU - Hurrell, Joseph AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. nsteenl@sph.emory.edu Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 461 EP - 482 VL - 43 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Cost of Illness KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Lung Diseases -- mortality KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73222020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Dying+for+work%3A+The+magnitude+of+US+mortality+from+selected+causes+of+death+associated+with+occupation.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+Kyle%3BBurnett%2C+Carol%3BLalich%2C+Nina%3BWard%2C+Elizabeth%3BHurrell%2C+Joseph&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=461&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-16 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Effect of Structural Characteristics on Family Planning Program Performance in Cote d'Ivoire and Nigeria AN - 60460708; 200319435 AB - This paper uses Cote d'Ivoire & Nigeria survey data on both supply & demand characteristics to examine how structural & demographic factors influence family planning provision & cost. The model, which takes into account the endogenous influence of service provision on average cost, explains provision well but poorly explains what influences service cost. We show that both size & specialization matter. In both countries, vertical (exclusive family planning) facilities provide significantly more contraception than integrated medical establishments. In the Nigeria sample, larger facilities also offer services at lower average cost. Since vertical facilities tend to be large, they at most incur no higher unit costs than integrated facilities. These results are consistent across most model specifications, & are robust to corrections for endogenous facility placement in Nigeria. Model results & cost recovery information point to the relative efficiency of the International Planned Parenthood Federation, which operates large, mostly vertically organized facilities. 7 Tables, 1 Figure, 21 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Social Science & Medicine AU - Mancini, Dominic J AU - Stecklov, Guy AU - Stewart, John F AD - FDA/Center Food Safety & Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD dominic.mancini@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 2123 EP - 2137 VL - 56 IS - 10 SN - 0277-9536, 0277-9536 KW - Costs KW - Nigeria KW - Ivory Coast KW - Family Planning KW - Sociodemographic Factors KW - article KW - 1977: the family and socialization; birth control (abortion, contraception, fertility, & childbearing) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60460708?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Science+%26+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+Effect+of+Structural+Characteristics+on+Family+Planning+Program+Performance+in+Cote+d%27Ivoire+and+Nigeria&rft.au=Mancini%2C+Dominic+J%3BStecklov%2C+Guy%3BStewart%2C+John+F&rft.aulast=Mancini&rft.aufirst=Dominic&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Social+Science+%26+Medicine&rft.issn=02779536&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - SSCMAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nigeria; Family Planning; Sociodemographic Factors; Costs; Ivory Coast ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Work-related lung disease surveillance report, 2002 T2 - DHHS (NIOSH) pubn. no. 2003-111 AN - 59960206; 2004-0903530 AB - Includes asbestosis and related exposures, coal workers' pneumoconiosis and related exposures, silicosis and related exposures, byssinosis and related exposures, unspecified and related exposures, all pneumoconioses and related exposures, malignant mesothelioma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory conditions due to toxic agents, respiratory tuberculosis, lung cancer, other interstitial pulmonary diseases, various work-related respiratory conditions, and smoking prevalence by industry and occupation. JF - United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), May 2003. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 PB - United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) KW - United States -- Health conditions KW - Lung diseases -- United States -- Statistics KW - Occupational diseases -- United States -- Statistics KW - United States -- Labor sector UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59960206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Work-related+lung+disease+surveillance+report%2C+2002&rft.title=Work-related+lung+disease+surveillance+report%2C+2002&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-111/pdfs/2003-111.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Nat Inst Occupational Safety and Health N1 - Document feature - chart(s), index(es), link(s), map(s), table(s) N1 - SuppNotes - 6th ed. N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rare earth element sources and modification in the Lower Kittanning coal bed, Pennsylvania; implications for the origin of coal mineral matter and rare earth element exposure in underground mines AN - 51964781; 2003-051869 AB - In this study, we examine the variations in rare earth elements (REE) from the Lower Kittanning coal bed of eastern Ohio and western Pennsylvania, USA, in an attempt to understand the factors that control mineral matter deposition and modification in coal, and to evaluate possible REE mixed exposure hazards facing underground mine workers. The results of this study suggest that the Lower Kittanning coal mineral matter is derived primarily from a clastic source similar to that of the shale overburden. While highly charged cations like silicon, aluminum, and titanium remained relatively immobile within the coal mineral matter, iron (primarily as pyrite) was added from nonclastic sources, either during deposition of the coal mire vegetation or subsequent to burial. Other mobile cations (e.g., alkali and alkaline earth elements) appear to have been added to and/or leached from the originally deposited clastic mineral matter. Most of the sulfur in the Lower Kittanning coal bed is bound as FeS (sub 2) in the mineral matter, but a majority of samples contain a small excess of S that is most likely organically bound.In general, the total rare earth element content (TREE) in coal ash is greater than that in the shale overburden. If the primary source of mineral matter is the same as that for the overlying shale, then REE must have been enriched in the coal mineral matter subsequent to deposition. The total rare earth element content of Lower Kittanning coals correlates strongly with Si concentration ([TREE] nearly equal 0.0024 [Si]), which provides a threshold for evaluating possible mixed exposure health effects. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns reveal a shale-like light rare earth element (LREE) enrichment for the coal, similar to that of the shale overburden, again suggesting a primarily clastic REE source. However, when normalized to the shale overburden, most of the coal ash samples display a small but distinct heavy rare earth element (HREE) enrichment. We surmise that the HREE were added and/or preferentially retained during epigenesis, possibly associated with groundwater flow through the coal unit, but not necessarily in close association with the addition of iron. At least some of the "excess" HREE could be organically bound within the Lower Kittanning coal. JF - International Journal of Coal Geology AU - Schatzel, Steven J AU - Stewart, Brian W A2 - Hower, James C. A2 - Popp, J. T. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 223 EP - 251 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 54 IS - 3-4 SN - 0166-5162, 0166-5162 KW - United States KW - mines KW - toxic materials KW - Pennsylvanian KW - Paleozoic KW - Carboniferous KW - pollution KW - Lower Kittanning coal bed KW - Kittanning Formation KW - sedimentary rocks KW - metals KW - coal KW - rare earths KW - trace elements KW - Pennsylvania KW - geochemistry KW - heavy metals KW - Ohio KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51964781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Coal+Geology&rft.atitle=Rare+earth+element+sources+and+modification+in+the+Lower+Kittanning+coal+bed%2C+Pennsylvania%3B+implications+for+the+origin+of+coal+mineral+matter+and+rare+earth+element+exposure+in+underground+mines&rft.au=Schatzel%2C+Steven+J%3BStewart%2C+Brian+W&rft.aulast=Schatzel&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Coal+Geology&rft.issn=01665162&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-5162%2803%2900038-7 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01665162 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section, 51st annual meeting and North-Central Section, 36th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 105 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. strat. col., 5 tables, geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carboniferous; coal; geochemistry; heavy metals; Kittanning Formation; Lower Kittanning coal bed; metals; mines; Ohio; Paleozoic; Pennsylvania; Pennsylvanian; pollution; rare earths; sedimentary rocks; toxic materials; trace elements; United States DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00038-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular analysis of mutS expression and mutation in natural isolates of pathogenic Escherichia coli AN - 18867221; 5706368 AB - Deficiencies in the MutS protein disrupt methyl-directed mismatch repair (MMR), generating a mutator phenotype typified by high mutation rates and promiscuous recombination. How such deficiencies might arise in the natural environment was determined by analysing pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli. Quantitative Western immunoblotting showed that the amount of MutS in a wild-type strain of the enterohaemorrhagic pathogen E. coli O157:H7 decreased about 26-fold in stationary-phase cells as compared with the amount present during exponential-phase growth. The depletion of MutS in O157:H7 is significantly greater than that observed for a laboratory-attenuated E. coli K-12 strain. In the case of stable mutators, mutS defects in strains identified among natural isolates were analysed, including two E. coli O157:H7 strains, a diarrhoeagenic E. coli O55:H7 strain, and a uropathogenic strain from the E. coli reference (ECOR) collection. No MutS could be detected in the four strains by Western immunoblot analyses. RNase T2 protection assays showed that the strains were either deficient in mutS transcripts or produced transcripts truncated at the 3' end. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed extensive deletions in the mutS region of three strains, ranging from 7 times 5 to 17 times 3 kb relative to E. coli K-12 sequence, while the ECOR mutator contained a premature stop codon in addition to other nucleotide changes in the mutS coding sequence. These results provide insights into the status of the mutS gene and its product in pathogenic strains of E. coli. JF - Microbiology AU - Li, B AU - Tsui, H-CT AU - LeClerc, JE AU - Dey, M AU - Winkler, ME AU - Cebula, T A AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA, tac@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 1323 EP - 1331 VL - 149 IS - 5 SN - 1350-0872, 1350-0872 KW - MutS protein KW - methyl-directed mismatch repair KW - mutS gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18867221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology&rft.atitle=Molecular+analysis+of+mutS+expression+and+mutation+in+natural+isolates+of+pathogenic+Escherichia+coli&rft.au=Li%2C+B%3BTsui%2C+H-CT%3BLeClerc%2C+JE%3BDey%2C+M%3BWinkler%2C+ME%3BCebula%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology&rft.issn=13500872&rft_id=info:doi/10.1099%2Fmic.0.26213-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26213-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Agricultural Tractor Cab Filter Efficiency and Field Evaluation AN - 18865358; 5716052 AB - To evaluate filter efficiency and performance of environmental enclosures for tractors, 3- to 4-year-old tractor enclosure combinations (cabs retrofitted to tractors after manufacturing) were studied at a custom pesticide applicators facility. Optical particle counters were used to measure the aerosol number concentration inside and outside the cab. The ratio of these concentrations multiplied by 100 is termed percentage penetration, the amount of the aerosol that penetrates into the enclosure. For particles in the 0.3 to 0.4 mu m range, penetration into the cab was reduced from 11 to 0.4% in the following sequential steps. First, manufacturing mistakes were corrected by fixing a bowed flange and inappropriate sealing of the sheet metal used to separate incoming air from air that had passed through the filter. This reduced aerosol penetration from 11 to 4.8%. Replacing gasket material on the used filter reduced penetration from 4.8 to 0.65%. This suggests that the filter gaskets are deforming and allowing leakage. Also, the filter media were evaluated for aerosol penetration as a function of particle size and were tested per the criteria stipulated in 42 CFR 84 for negative pressure air-purifying particulate respirators. These results showed penetration through the filter media of less than 0.03%, indicating that filter media were not a major source of aerosol leakage into the cab. The results suggest that the manufacturer should implement a quality control program to ensure that minimal aerosol penetration criteria into the cabs are met and an acceptable maintenance program exists to ensure compliance. Furthermore, the degradation of filter gasket material over time needs to be minimized to ensure that the environmental cabs continue to provide acceptable performance. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Heitbrink, WA AU - Moyer, E S AU - Jensen, P A AU - Martin, SB Jr AU - Watkins, D S AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Laboratory Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Mail Stop H2800.4, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, esm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 394 EP - 400 VL - 64 IS - 3 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - farming KW - tractors KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18865358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Environmental+Agricultural+Tractor+Cab+Filter+Efficiency+and+Field+Evaluation&rft.au=Heitbrink%2C+WA%3BMoyer%2C+E+S%3BJensen%2C+P+A%3BMartin%2C+SB+Jr%3BWatkins%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Heitbrink&rft.aufirst=WA&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=394&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/10.1202%2F1542-8125%282003%2964%3C394%3AEAT... LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1202/1542-8125(2003)64<394:EAT... ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inflammatory Mediators and Skeletal Muscle Injury: A DNA Microarray Analysis AN - 18802616; 5661721 AB - Traumatic skeletal muscle injury causes a specific sequence of cellular events consisting of degeneration, inflammation, regeneration, and fibrosis. The role of early posttraumatic mechanisms, including acute inflammatory response, in muscle repair is not well understood. In the present study, oligonucleotide microarray analyses were used to examine the candidate genes that are involved in these early events of the muscle injury/repair process. cDNA was prepared from the injured and control tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of mice 24 h postinjury and labeled with the fluorescent dye Cy5 or Cy3 prior to hybridization to a DNA microarray. The microarray analysis, including 732 genes, was conducted in triplicate, and we describe only genes modulated by the injury showing a differential expression (both increased and decreased) 1.7-fold or greater (p < 0.05) from control uninjured TA muscle. Selected expression patterns were confirmed by other gene expression detection methods, including real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and RNase protection assay (RPA) or immunohistochemistry detection methods. The upregulated genes (2.8%) were mainly associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell proliferation, whereas the downregulated genes (3.2%) were related to metabolic and cell signaling pathways. In addition, the study suggested that chemokines, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), associated with monocyte/macrophage influx and activation, are abundantly expressed in postinjured muscle, and they might play a role in traumatic muscle injury/recovery processes. JF - Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research AU - Summan, M AU - McKinstry, M AU - Warren, G L AU - Hulderman, T AU - Mishra, D AU - Brumbaugh, K AU - Luster, MI AU - Simeonova, P P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, 1095 Willowdale Road, Mailstop L-3014, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA, phs9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 237 EP - 245 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 1079-9907, 1079-9907 KW - DNA microarrays KW - mice KW - monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 KW - Immunology Abstracts; Physical Education Index; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - N 14510:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science KW - F 06735:Mediators UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18802616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Interferon+%26+Cytokine+Research&rft.atitle=Inflammatory+Mediators+and+Skeletal+Muscle+Injury%3A+A+DNA+Microarray+Analysis&rft.au=Summan%2C+M%3BMcKinstry%2C+M%3BWarren%2C+G+L%3BHulderman%2C+T%3BMishra%2C+D%3BBrumbaugh%2C+K%3BLuster%2C+MI%3BSimeonova%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Summan&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Interferon+%26+Cytokine+Research&rft.issn=10799907&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elevated environmental temperature and methamphetamine neurotoxicity AN - 18784682; 5644170 AB - Amphetamines have been of considerable research interest for the last several decades. More recent work has renewed interest in the role of ambient temperature in both the toxicity and neurotoxicity of these drugs. We have determined that the striatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity observed in the mouse is linked in some fashion to both body and environmental temperature. Most studies of d-methamphetamine (d-METH) neurotoxicity are conducted at standard laboratory ambient temperatures (e.g., similar to 21-22 degree C) and utilizing a repeated dosage regimen (e.g., three to four injections spaced 2h apart). A lowering of the ambient temperature provides neuroprotection, while an elevation increases neurotoxicity. d-METH causes long-term depletions of striatal dopamine (DA) that are accompanied by other changes that are indicative of nerve terminal degeneration. These include argyrophilia, as detected by silver degeneration stains, and an elevation in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of reactive gliosis in response to injury, as well as a long-term decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein levels. Here we show that increasing the ambient temperature during and for some time following dosing increases the neurotoxicity of d-METH. Mice (female C57BL6/J) given a single dosage of d-METH (20mg/kg s.c.) and maintained at the usual laboratory ambient temperature show minimal striatal damage (an similar to 15% depletion of DA and an similar to 86% increase in GFAP). Substantial striatal damage (e.g., an similar to 70% depletion of DA and an similar to 200% elevation in GFAP) was induced by this regimen if mice were maintained at 27 degree C for 24 or 72h following dosing. An increase in neurotoxicity was also apparent in mice kept at an elevated temperature for only 5 or 9h, but keeping animals at 27 degree C for 24 or 72h was the most effective in increasing the neurotoxicity of d-METH. Our data show how a relatively minor change in ambient temperature can have a major impact on the degree of neurotoxicity induced by d-METH. Single-dose regimens may aid in uncovering the as yet unknown mechanism(s) of substituted amphetamine neurotoxicity because they reduce the inherent complexity present in repeated dosage regimens. JF - Environmental Research AU - Miller, D B AU - O'Callaghan, J P AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Chronic Stress and Molecular Neurotoxicology Laboratories, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, dum6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 48 EP - 53 VL - 92 IS - 1 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18784682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Elevated+environmental+temperature+and+methamphetamine+neurotoxicity&rft.au=Miller%2C+D+B%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0013-9351%2802%2900051-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0013-9351(02)00051-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Two-generation reproductive study in mink fed diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP) AN - 18760221; 5627836 AB - Two generations of 'Ranch Wild' mink (Mustela vison) were fed the organophosphate diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP) at 0, 150, 450, or 1250 ppm, to determine potential toxicity to the dams. Chemical, hematologic, necropsy, and microscopic examinations were performed on all parental animals and representative kits. The F0 and F1 dams had 3.4 and 4.6% mortality, respectively, distributed among all groups and not attributed to DIMP exposure. Adverse effects were mild and limited to the highest dose group. Plasma cholinesterase was reduced 40% (F0) and 31% (F1), as was whole blood cholinesterase (16 and 8.5%). Heinz bodies were present in 2.8% (F0) and 1.3% (F1) of erythrocytes. The erythrocyte count was reduced 6.3% in the F0. Reproductive efficiency was not affected. The mink were not uniquely susceptible to DIMP, relative to the literature on other species. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL), based on the 450 ppm group of F1 females, was 56.5 mg DIMP/kg BW per day; the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) was 329.5 mg DIMP/kg BW per day. JF - Reproductive Toxicology AU - Bucci, T J AU - Kovatch, R M AU - Mercieca, MD AU - Perman, V AU - Klingensmith, J S AD - Pathology Associates International, Frederick, MD 21701, USA, tbucci@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 327 EP - 334 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - American Mink KW - diisopropyl methylphosphonate KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18760221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Two-generation+reproductive+study+in+mink+fed+diisopropyl+methylphosphonate+%28DIMP%29&rft.au=Bucci%2C+T+J%3BKovatch%2C+R+M%3BMercieca%2C+MD%3BPerman%2C+V%3BKlingensmith%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Bucci&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+Toxicology&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0890-6238%2803%2900004-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0890-6238(03)00004-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oyster enrichments by real time PCR AN - 18752328; 5623583 AB - A real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed and evaluated to detect the presence of the thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh), a current marker of pathogenicity in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The real time PCR fluorogenic probe and primer set was tested against a panel of numerous strains from 13 different bacterial species. Only V. parahaemolyticus strains possessing the tdh gene generated a fluorescent signal, and no cross-reaction was observed with tdh negative Vibrio or non-Vibrio spp. The assay detected a single colony forming unit (CFU) per reaction of a pure culture template. This sensitivity was achieved when the same template amount per reaction was tested in the presence of 2.5 mu l of a tdh negative oyster:APW enrichment (oyster homogenate enriched in alkaline peptone water overnight at 35 degree C). This real time technique was used to test 131 oyster:APW enrichments from an environmental survey of Alabama oysters collected between March 1999 and September 2000. The results were compared to those previously obtained using a streak plate procedure for culture isolation from the oyster:APW enrichment combined with use of a non-radioactive DNA probe for detection of the tdh gene. Real time PCR detected tdh in 61 samples, whereas the streak plate/probe method detected tdh in 15 samples. Only 24 h was required for detection of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in oyster:APW enrichments by real time PCR, whereas the streak plate/probe method required 3 days and was more resource intensive. This study demonstrated that real time PCR is a rapid and reliable technique for detecting V. parahaemolyticus possessing the tdh gene in pure cultures and in oyster enrichments. JF - Journal of Microbiological Methods AU - Blackstone, G M AU - Nordstrom, J L AU - Vickery, M C AU - Bowen, MD AU - Meyer, R F AU - DePaola, A AD - Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Post Office Box 158, Dauphin Island, AL 36528-0158, USA, gblackstone@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 149 EP - 155 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 53 IS - 2 SN - 0167-7012, 0167-7012 KW - Mollusks KW - disease detection KW - oysters KW - tdh gene KW - ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02704:Enumeration KW - Q4 27160:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18752328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.atitle=Detection+of+pathogenic+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus+in+oyster+enrichments+by+real+time+PCR&rft.au=Blackstone%2C+G+M%3BNordstrom%2C+J+L%3BVickery%2C+M+C%3BBowen%2C+MD%3BMeyer%2C+R+F%3BDePaola%2C+A&rft.aulast=Blackstone&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.issn=01677012&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0167-7012%2803%2900020-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7012(03)00020-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An analytic derivation for the transient temperature rise during an ultrasound pulse focused on bone AN - 18745028; 5622653 AB - An analytic derivation is given for the maximum transient temperature rise due to millisecond ultrasound (US) pulses focused on bone. The temperature rise is found to have, within a small correction factor, a square-root dependence on the pulse duration and is independent of the focal diameter. The equation developed is essentially the same as that found in a previous paper (Herman and Harris 2002) that obtained the formula by numerical methods and subsequent curve fitting. JF - Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology AU - Herman, BA AU - Myers, M R AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA, bah@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 771 EP - 773 VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 0301-5629, 0301-5629 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 150:Medical Imaging KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18745028?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ultrasound+in+Medicine+and+Biology&rft.atitle=An+analytic+derivation+for+the+transient+temperature+rise+during+an+ultrasound+pulse+focused+on+bone&rft.au=Herman%2C+BA%3BMyers%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=771&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ultrasound+in+Medicine+and+Biology&rft.issn=03015629&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0301-5629%2802%2900772-X LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-5629(02)00772-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlates of immunity for pneumococcal conjugate vaccines AN - 18721697; 5605224 AB - The purpose of the NIAID/FDA joint workshop, 'correlates of immunity for pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs),' was to discuss the present understanding of protective immunity against invasive pneumococcal disease and identify in vitro measures that may represent immunologic correlates in future clinical trials. Animal and clinical data support functional antibody as the basis for protection, but IgG antibody concentration has conventionally been the principle immunologic parameter for non-inferiority comparisons. No consensus for a pre-defined threshold antibody level was reached. Affinity maturation may contribute to protection, but its role has not been established. Opsonophagocytic activity, avidity and immunologic memory are important secondary measures to characterise functional antibody and long-term protective responses. Immunologic memory may also be useful for evaluation of new vaccine serotypes. More definitive qualitative and quantitative immunogenicity criteria for use by National Control Authorities still need to be established. JF - Vaccine AU - Lee, L H AU - Frasch, CE AU - Falk, LA AU - Klein, D L AU - Deal, C D AD - Division of Vaccines and Related Products Applications, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, HFM-475, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852, USA, leel@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 2199 EP - 2205 VL - 21 IS - 17-18 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - clinical trials KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18721697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Correlates+of+immunity+for+pneumococcal+conjugate+vaccines&rft.au=Lee%2C+L+H%3BFrasch%2C+CE%3BFalk%2C+LA%3BKlein%2C+D+L%3BDeal%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=17-18&rft.spage=2199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0264-410X%2803%2900025-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00025-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medical Preparedness and Response to Terrorism with Biological and Chemical Agents - Present Status in USA AN - 17815294; 6209863 AB - Over the past decade, acts of terrorism have ranged from dissemination of aerosolized Anthrax spores, intentional food product contamination, release of chemical weapons in major metropolitan subway systems and suicide attacks using explosive devices. Unfortunately, predicting when and how such attacks might occur has proven to be very difficult. Since the bombing attacks at the World Trade Center in New York in 1993 and 2001, the Federal Building in Oklahoma City in 1995, US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania in 1998 and just recently in Saudi Arabia and Morocco, and the release of impressively weaponized anthrax spores in the US Postal System during the autumn of 2001, large-scale terrorist attacks on civilian populations using weapons of mass destruction no longer seem in the realm of the fantastic. At their worst, the New York, Oklahoma City, and Tokyo attacks may represent the crossing of a grim threshold, weakening long-standing taboos and increasing the likelihood of analogous attacks in the future. Preparing the medical community to address these threats is a formidable challenge, but the consequences of being unprepared could be devastating. The medical and healthcare infrastructure must be prepared to both prevent and treat illness and injury that would result from CBRNE terrorism, especially a covert terrorist attack. This article outlines steps for strengthening medical and public health capacity to protect against these dangers that have been taken in the USA. Investments in scientific knowledge, public health and hospital and healthcare systems provide the best defense against terrorism and will improve our ability to successfully respond to other public health threats that will emerge in the twenty first century. JF - International Journal of Disaster Medicine AU - Noji, E K AD - Office of the US Surgeon General US Public Health Service Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 51 EP - 55 VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 1503-1438, 1503-1438 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - terrorism KW - Disasters KW - Bioterrorism KW - Food contamination KW - Public health KW - Chemical weapons KW - USA KW - Emergency preparedness KW - Hospitals KW - Urban areas KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17815294?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Disaster+Medicine&rft.atitle=Medical+Preparedness+and+Response+to+Terrorism+with+Biological+and+Chemical+Agents+-+Present+Status+in+USA&rft.au=Noji%2C+E+K&rft.aulast=Noji&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Disaster+Medicine&rft.issn=15031438&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; terrorism; Public health; Urban areas; Hospitals; Emergency preparedness; Chemical weapons; Disasters; Food contamination; Bioterrorism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for preferential mismatch repair of lagging strand DNA replication errors in yeast. AN - 73260222; 12725731 AB - Duplex DNA is replicated in the 5'-3' direction by coordinated copying of leading and lagging strand templates with somewhat different proteins and mechanics, providing the potential for differences in the fidelity of replication of the two strands. We previously showed that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, active replication origins establish a strand bias in the rate of base substitutions resulting from replication of unrepaired 8-oxo-guanine (GO) in DNA. Lower mutagenesis was associated with replicating lagging strand templates. Here, we test the hypothesis that this bias is due to more efficient repair of lagging stand mismatches by measuring mutation rates in ogg1 strains with a reporter allele in two orientations at loci on opposite sides of a replication origin on chromosome III. We compare a MMR-proficient strain to strains deleted for the MMR genes MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, or EXOI. Loss of MMR reduces the strand bias by preferentially increasing mutagenesis for lagging strand replication. We conclude that GO-A mismatches generated during lagging strand replication are more efficiently repaired. This is consistent with the hypothesis that 5' ends of Okazaki fragments and PCNA, present at high density during lagging strand replication, are used as strand discrimination signals for mismatch repair in vivo. JF - Current biology : CB AU - Pavlov, Youri I AU - Mian, Ibrahim M AU - Kunkel, Thomas A AD - Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. Y1 - 2003/04/29/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 29 SP - 744 EP - 748 VL - 13 IS - 9 SN - 0960-9822, 0960-9822 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - 8-hydroxyguanine KW - 5614-64-2 KW - Guanine KW - 5Z93L87A1R KW - DNA Glycosylases KW - EC 3.2.2.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - Cell Line, Transformed KW - DNA Repair -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - DNA Glycosylases -- genetics KW - Guanine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Base Pair Mismatch -- genetics KW - Guanine -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73260222?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+biology+%3A+CB&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+preferential+mismatch+repair+of+lagging+strand+DNA+replication+errors+in+yeast.&rft.au=Pavlov%2C+Youri+I%3BMian%2C+Ibrahim+M%3BKunkel%2C+Thomas+A&rft.aulast=Pavlov&rft.aufirst=Youri&rft.date=2003-04-29&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=744&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+biology+%3A+CB&rft.issn=09609822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlation of DNA adduct formation and riddelliine-induced liver tumorigenesis in F344 rats and B6C3F(1) mice. AN - 73225562; 12706867 AB - Riddelliine is a naturally occurring pyrrolizidine alkaloid that induces liver hemangiosarcomas in male and female F344 rats and male B6C3F(1) mice. We previously reported that eight dehydroretronecine (DHR)-derived DNA adducts were formed in liver DNA of rats treated with riddelliine. In order to examine the relationship between DNA adduct levels and the incidence of hemangiosarcomas, we have measured DHR-derived DNA adduct levels in purified rat and mouse liver endothelial cells, the cells of origin for the hemangiosarcomas. F344 rats and B6C3F(1) mice were treated by gavage 5 days per week for 2 weeks with riddelliine at 1.0 mg/kg for rats and 3.0 mg/kg for mice. One, 3, 7, and 28 days after the last dose, liver parenchymal and endothelial cell fractions were isolated, and the quantities of DHR-derived DNA adducts were determined by (32)Ppostlabeling/HPLC. The DHR-derived DNA adduct levels in the endothelial cells were significantly greater than in the parenchymal cells. The DNA adduct levels in rat endothelial cells were greater than in the mouse endothelial cells. These results indicate that the levels of riddelliine-induced DNA adducts in specific populations of liver cells correlate with the preferential induction of liver hemangiosarcomas by riddelliine. JF - Cancer letters AU - Chou, Ming W AU - Yan, Jian AU - Nichols, Jasyl AU - Xia, Qingsu AU - Beland, Frederick A AU - Chan, Po-Cheun AU - Fu, Peter P AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. mchou@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/04/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 25 SP - 119 EP - 125 VL - 193 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids KW - riddelliine KW - 23246-96-0 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Sex Factors KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Hemangiosarcoma -- chemically induced KW - Mice KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Endothelium -- cytology KW - Endothelium -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Models, Chemical KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Male UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73225562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Correlation+of+DNA+adduct+formation+and+riddelliine-induced+liver+tumorigenesis+in+F344+rats+and+B6C3F%281%29+mice.&rft.au=Chou%2C+Ming+W%3BYan%2C+Jian%3BNichols%2C+Jasyl%3BXia%2C+Qingsu%3BBeland%2C+Frederick+A%3BChan%2C+Po-Cheun%3BFu%2C+Peter+P&rft.aulast=Chou&rft.aufirst=Ming&rft.date=2003-04-25&rft.volume=193&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Republished In: Cancer Lett. 2004 Apr 15;207(1):119-25 [15127726] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of size-exclusion chromatography to the analysis of shrimp for sulfonamide residues AN - 17879421; 5693976 AB - The determination of several sulfonamide residues from shrimp tissue using size-exclusion chromatography is presented. Shrimp tissue is extracted with ethyl acetate. The extracted solution is evaporated to dryness and the re- dissolved residue is applied to a chromatographic column containing Sephadex LH- 20 gel. Cleanup is performed using this size-exclusion procedure. Determination is accomplished utilizing liquid chromatography. Elution of the sulfonamides from a phenyl column is performed with a methanol: acetic acid: counter-ion mobile phase. Recovery of sulfonamide residues from shrimp range from 70 to 100%. JF - Analytica Chimica Acta AU - Roybal, JE AU - Pfenning, A P AU - Turnipseed, S B AU - Gonzales, SA AD - Food and Drug Administration, Animal Drugs Research Center, Denver Federal Center, P.O. Box 25087, Denver, CO 80225-0087, USA, jroybal@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/04/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 25 SP - 147 EP - 152 PB - Elsevier VL - 483 IS - 1-2 SN - 0003-2670, 0003-2670 KW - Bioengineering Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Sulfonamides KW - Shrimp KW - Size-exclusion KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Sephadex LH-20 KW - Chromatographic techniques KW - Methanol KW - Acetic acid KW - Hormones KW - Gel-filtration chromatography KW - Ethyl acetate KW - Acetate KW - Analytical techniques KW - Chemical analysis KW - W4 130:General Biomedical Engineering: Tools & Techniques KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17879421?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytica+Chimica+Acta&rft.atitle=Application+of+size-exclusion+chromatography+to+the+analysis+of+shrimp+for+sulfonamide+residues&rft.au=Roybal%2C+JE%3BPfenning%2C+A+P%3BTurnipseed%2C+S+B%3BGonzales%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Roybal&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=2003-04-25&rft.volume=483&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytica+Chimica+Acta&rft.issn=00032670&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0003-2670%2802%2901488-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - 4th International Symposium on Hormone and Veterinary Residue Analysis. N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chromatographic techniques; Analytical techniques; Acetate; Chemical analysis; Hormones; Liquid chromatography; Gel-filtration chromatography; Methanol; Ethyl acetate; Acetic acid; Sulfonamides DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(02)01488-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antidiarrheal drug products for over-the-counter human use; final monograph. Final rule. AN - 73208270; 12701600 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing a final rule in the form of a final monograph establishing conditions under which over-the-counter (OTC) antidiarrheal drug products (to control the symptoms of diarrhea) are generally recognized as safe and effective and not misbranded. This final rule is part of FDA's ongoing review of OTC drug products. FDA is issuing this final rule after considering public comments on the agency's proposed regulation, which was issued in the form of a tentative final monograph (TFM), and all new data and information on OTC antidiarrheal drug products that have come to the agency's attention. Also, this final rule amends the regulation that lists nonmonograph active ingredients by adding those OTC antidiarrheal active ingredients that have been found to be not generally recognized as safe and effective. JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2003/04/17/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 17 SP - 18869 EP - 18882 VL - 68 IS - 74 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Antidiarrheals KW - 0 KW - Nonprescription Drugs KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Reye Syndrome -- chemically induced KW - Legislation, Drug KW - Product Labeling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Nonprescription Drugs -- classification KW - Antidiarrheals -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73208270?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Antidiarrheal+drug+products+for+over-the-counter+human+use%3B+final+monograph.+Final+rule.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2003-04-17&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=74&rft.spage=18869&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-30 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Labeling for oral and rectal over-the-counter drug products containing aspirin and nonaspirin salicylates; Reye's Syndrome warning. Final rule. AN - 73197938; 12701599 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing a final rule to amend its regulations to revise the Reye's syndrome warning required for oral and rectal over-the-counter (OTC) human drug products containing aspirin and to require a warning on OTC drug products containing nonaspirin salicylates as active ingredients. The revised warning will inform consumers of the symptoms of Reye's syndrome and advise that aspirin and nonaspirin salicylate drug products should not be given to children or teenagers who have or are recovering from chicken pox or flu-like symptoms. This final rule also finalizes FDA's notice of proposed rulemaking to require a Reye's syndrome warning for orally administered OTC drug products for relief of symptoms associated with overindulgence in food and drink (overindulgence drug products) that contain bismuth subsalicylate that published in the Federal Register of May 5, 1993 (58 FR 26886). FDA is issuing this final rule after considering public comment on the agency's notices of proposed rulemaking and all relevant data and information that have come to the agency's attention. JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2003/04/17/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 17 SP - 18861 EP - 18869 VL - 68 IS - 74 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Antidiarrheals KW - 0 KW - Nonprescription Drugs KW - Salicylates KW - Aspirin KW - R16CO5Y76E KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Administration, Oral KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Antidiarrheals -- contraindications KW - Child KW - Administration, Rectal KW - Legislation, Drug KW - Adolescent KW - Nonprescription Drugs -- contraindications KW - Salicylates -- contraindications KW - Reye Syndrome -- chemically induced KW - Drug Labeling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Aspirin -- contraindications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73197938?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Labeling+for+oral+and+rectal+over-the-counter+drug+products+containing+aspirin+and+nonaspirin+salicylates%3B+Reye%27s+Syndrome+warning.+Final+rule.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2003-04-17&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=74&rft.spage=18861&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-30 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Porin Variation among Clinical Isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae over a 10-Year Period, as Determined by Por Variable Region Typing AN - 18868722; 5716241 AB - The Neisseria gonorrhoeae porin protein (Por) is a potential vaccine target and is the antigenic determinant for serovar typing. Two classes of Por, PIA and PIB, and antigenically distinct variants within each class result from sequence variations in the por gene variable regions (VRs) encoding surface-exposed loops. Oligonucleotide probes to 5 VRs of each class were used in checkerboard hybridizations to type 282 clinical gonococcal isolates selected from strains collected over the course of 10 years. PIA strains (n = 63) showed limited por diversity, with 90% having 1 of 4 por types. PIB strains (n = 219) were more diverse, although several common por types were identified that persisted over time. Variation within individual VRs was found to be limited. The present study provides information about the diversity of Por in strains circulating in a single geographic region over time, illustrates the utility of a novel por typing method, and has implications for vaccine development. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - McKnew, D L AU - Lynn, F AU - Zenilman, J M AU - Bash, M C AD - Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, and Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, USA Y1 - 2003/04/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 15 SP - 1213 EP - 1222 VL - 187 IS - 8 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Por protein KW - por gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18868722?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Porin+Variation+among+Clinical+Isolates+of+Neisseria+gonorrhoeae+over+a+10-Year+Period%2C+as+Determined+by+Por+Variable+Region+Typing&rft.au=McKnew%2C+D+L%3BLynn%2C+F%3BZenilman%2C+J+M%3BBash%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=McKnew&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-04-15&rft.volume=187&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a functionally important conformation-sensitive region of the secretory Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC1). AN - 73132770; 12556450 AB - The secretory Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC1) is a member of a small gene family of electroneutral salt transporters that play essential roles in salt and water homeostasis in many mammalian tissues. We have identified a highly conserved residue (Ala-483) in the sixth membrane-spanning segment of rat NKCC1 that when mutated to cysteine renders the transporter sensitive to inhibition by the sulfhydryl reagents 2-aminoethyl methanethiosulfonate (MTSEA) and 2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl methanethiosulfonate (MTSET). The mutation of Ala-483 to cysteine (A483C) results in little or no change in the affinities of NKCC1 for substrate ions but produces a 6-fold increase in sensitivity to the inhibitor bumetanide, suggesting a specific modification of the bumetanide binding site. When residues surrounding Ala-483 were mutated to cysteine, only I484C was sensitive to inhibition by MTSEA and MTSET. Surprisingly I484C showed increased transport activity in the presence of low concentrations of mercury (1-10 microm), whereas A483C showed inhibition. The inhibition of A483C by MTSEA was unaffected by the presence or absence of sodium and potassium but required the presence of extracellular chloride. Taken together, our results indicate that Ala-483 lies at or near an important functional site of NKCC1 and that the exposure of this site to the extracellular medium is dependent on the conformation of the transporter. Specifically, our results indicate that the cysteine introduced at residue 483 is only available for interaction with MTSEA when chloride is bound to NKCC1 at the extracellular surface. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Dehaye, J P AU - Nagy, Akos AU - Premkumar, Anita AU - Turner, R James AD - Membrane Biology Section, Gene Therapy and Therapeutics Branch, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 2003/04/04/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 04 SP - 11811 EP - 11817 VL - 278 IS - 14 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Mesylates KW - 0 KW - Rubidium Radioisotopes KW - SLC12A2 protein, human KW - Slc12a2 protein, rat KW - Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters KW - Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2 KW - Sulfhydryl Reagents KW - methanethiosulfonate ethylammonium KW - (2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl)methanethiosulfonate KW - 155450-08-1 KW - Ethyl Methanesulfonate KW - 9H154DI0UP KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Cysteine KW - K848JZ4886 KW - Alanine KW - OF5P57N2ZX KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mercury -- pharmacology KW - Cysteine -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Mutagenesis -- physiology KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Biological Transport -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Extracellular Space -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Kidney -- cytology KW - Sulfhydryl Reagents -- pharmacology KW - Alanine -- genetics KW - Biological Transport -- physiology KW - Cell Line KW - Protein Conformation KW - Mesylates -- pharmacology KW - Ethyl Methanesulfonate -- analogs & derivatives KW - Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters -- chemistry KW - Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters -- metabolism KW - Ethyl Methanesulfonate -- pharmacology KW - Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73132770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+functionally+important+conformation-sensitive+region+of+the+secretory+Na%2B-K%2B-2Cl-+cotransporter+%28NKCC1%29.&rft.au=Dehaye%2C+J+P%3BNagy%2C+Akos%3BPremkumar%2C+Anita%3BTurner%2C+R+James&rft.aulast=Dehaye&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-04-04&rft.volume=278&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=11811&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-19 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of combined metal interactions in metal carcinogenesis: a review. AN - 75757479; 14531475 AB - Exposures to complex mixtures of metals in the workplace or environment are more likely to occur than exposures to a single metal alone. The evidence shows that exposures to complex metal mixtures can enhance the risk of cancer in certain human populations. The findings of several studies have suggested, however, that certain metal-metal interactions can inhibit carcinogenic activity. The mechanisms of metal-metal interactions in human carcinogenesis are relatively unknown. Metals represent a highly diverse group of agents: each metal can act through different mechanisms and in one or more steps of the carcinogenic process. Some potential mechanisms may involve direct reactions of the metal with DNA or indirect mechanisms that include modification of DNA repair, DNA methylation status, and metabolic processes involved in DNA replication and expression. Lipid peroxidation and the generation of free radicals induced by certain metals can affect DNA integrity. This review will address the role of metals in carcinogenesis and how concomitant exposure to metal mixtures can influence cancer induction. The most current mechanistic data regarding metal interactions and its implications in human carcinogenesis will be discussed. Furthermore, research gaps will be identified to provide data that will improve risk assessments for complex metal mixtures encountered in the workplace and environment. JF - Reviews on environmental health AU - Madden, Emily F AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Technology, Division of Life Sciences, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. efm3@cdrh.fda.gov PY - 2003 SP - 91 EP - 109 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0048-7554, 0048-7554 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Free Radicals KW - Metals, Heavy KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Drug Interactions KW - DNA Repair KW - DNA Methylation KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Workplace KW - Lipid Peroxidation KW - Risk Assessment KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - DNA Damage KW - Neoplasms -- physiopathology KW - Metals, Heavy -- toxicity KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75757479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reviews+on+environmental+health&rft.atitle=The+role+of+combined+metal+interactions+in+metal+carcinogenesis%3A+a+review.&rft.au=Madden%2C+Emily+F&rft.aulast=Madden&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reviews+on+environmental+health&rft.issn=00487554&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-13 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Depression and trail making test scores in a sample of cocaine abusers. AN - 73473784; 12856485 AB - Depression effects on the Trail Making test (TMT), a test often used for screening cognitive impairments, were examined in a sample of cocaine abusers in drug abuse treatment programs. A mixed race sample of 4299 subjects was drawn from electronic files of data from the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS). DATOS was a naturalistic, prospective cohort study that collected data from 1991-1993 in 96 programs in 11 cities in the United States. Data were analyzed to determine the effects of depression on the TMT scores A and B, and also derived indices created by adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing parts A and B of the TMT in this large treatment sample of cocaine abusers. The variables of sex, age, ethnicity, and education were included in analyses to control for demographic effects. The TMT part A and the difference score were the least sensitive TMT scores to the effects of depression but all TMT R-squares were quite small. JF - The International journal of neuroscience AU - Horton, Arthur MacNeill AU - Roberts, Charles AD - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. drmachorton@hotmail.com Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 595 EP - 604 VL - 113 IS - 4 SN - 0020-7454, 0020-7454 KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Index Medicus KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Cognition Disorders -- chemically induced KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Depression -- physiopathology KW - Trail Making Test KW - Depression -- complications KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- psychology KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- physiopathology KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73473784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.atitle=Depression+and+trail+making+test+scores+in+a+sample+of+cocaine+abusers.&rft.au=Horton%2C+Arthur+MacNeill%3BRoberts%2C+Charles&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=595&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.issn=00207454&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-29 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increased US prescription trends associated with the CDC Bacillus anthracis antimicrobial postexposure prophylaxis campaign. AN - 73276422; 12733470 AB - We evaluated national outpatient antimicrobial prescription trends in relation to the first United States case of inhalational anthrax due to the intentional delivery of Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis) spores. We queried IMS HEALTH's National Prescription Audit Plus7 database for two 6-month periods (July-December) in 2001 and 2000 to describe outpatient prescription trends of antimicrobials recommended during the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) postexposure prophylaxis campaign. Overall, antimicrobial utilization for the referent 6-month time frame was greater in 2000 compared to 2001. In contrast, ciprofloxacin utilization was greater in 2001 during October, the month following the index case, increasing by more than 40% over utilization in October 2000. Similarly, doxycycline utilization increased by 30% during October/November. This corresponded to relative increases in US utilization for ciprofloxacin of approximately 160,000 prescriptions for the month of October and for doxycycline of approximately 96,000 prescriptions during October and 120,000 prescriptions for November. We conclude more widespread prescribing of ciprofloxacin and doxycycline occurred in response to the first US bioterrorist-associated anthrax attacks than was warranted based upon confirmed or suspected B. anthracis exposure alone. JF - Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety AU - Shaffer, Douglas AU - Armstrong, George AU - Higgins, Karen AU - Honig, Peter AU - Coyne, Philip AU - Boxwell, Debra AU - Beitz, Julie AU - Leissa, Brad AU - Murphy, Dianne AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. PY - 2003 SP - 177 EP - 182 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 1053-8569, 1053-8569 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Spores, Bacterial KW - Drug Utilization -- trends KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Drug Utilization -- statistics & numerical data KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) -- standards KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Bioterrorism KW - Bacillus anthracis KW - Drug Prescriptions -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73276422?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+drug+safety&rft.atitle=Increased+US+prescription+trends+associated+with+the+CDC+Bacillus+anthracis+antimicrobial+postexposure+prophylaxis+campaign.&rft.au=Shaffer%2C+Douglas%3BArmstrong%2C+George%3BHiggins%2C+Karen%3BHonig%2C+Peter%3BCoyne%2C+Philip%3BBoxwell%2C+Debra%3BBeitz%2C+Julie%3BLeissa%2C+Brad%3BMurphy%2C+Dianne&rft.aulast=Shaffer&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+drug+safety&rft.issn=10538569&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - UV doses of young adults. AN - 73269429; 12733658 AB - Since 1986, people have been informed that they get about 80% of their lifetime ultraviolet (UV) dose by the age of 18. This belief originated from the mathematical conclusion that diligent use of sunscreens (sun protection factor 15 or higher) during the first 18 years of life would reduce the lifetime incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancers by 78%. These data were misconstrued to mean that individuals also got about 80% of their lifetime dose of UV by the age of 18 (linear relationship). However, these calculations were based on the incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancers being related to the square of the UV dose. Careful analysis of UV exposure data shows that Americans actually get less than 25% of their lifetime UV dose by the age of 18. This finding also appears to be true worldwide because Australia, UK and The Netherlands report a similar UV exposure pattern. UV-initiated damage early in life can be promoted by subsequent exposures to progress into tumors later in life. For example, the nonmelanoma skin cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, is dependent on the cumulative UV dose. Thus, a better educational approach for reducing skin cancers would be to instruct fair-skinned individuals to protect themselves throughout their lives from being exposed to too much UV radiation. JF - Photochemistry and photobiology AU - Godar, Dianne E AU - Urbach, Frederick AU - Gasparro, Francis P AU - van der Leun, Jan C AD - Radiation Biology Branch, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. deg@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 453 EP - 457 VL - 77 IS - 4 SN - 0031-8655, 0031-8655 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adolescent KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Ultraviolet Rays UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73269429?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photochemistry+and+photobiology&rft.atitle=UV+doses+of+young+adults.&rft.au=Godar%2C+Dianne+E%3BUrbach%2C+Frederick%3BGasparro%2C+Francis+P%3Bvan+der+Leun%2C+Jan+C&rft.aulast=Godar&rft.aufirst=Dianne&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Photochemistry+and+photobiology&rft.issn=00318655&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-19 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Work-related reactive airways dysfunction syndrome cases from surveillance in selected US states. AN - 73225793; 12708139 AB - The objective was to elaborate the descriptive epidemiology of work-related cases of reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS). Cases of work-related asthma (WRA) were identified in four states in the United States during 1993-1995 as part of the Sentinel Event Notification Systems for Occupational Risks (SENSOR). Information gathered by follow-back interview was used to describe 123 work-related RADS cases and to compare them to 301 other WRA cases whose onset of disease was associated with a known asthma inducer. RADS represented 14% of all new-onset WRA cases identified by the state SENSOR surveillance systems. RADS cases had significant adverse medical and occupational outcomes identified by follow-back interview. In particular, 89% still had breathing problems, 78% had ever sought emergency care and 39% had ever been hospitalized for work-related breathing problems, 54% had applied for worker compensation benefits, and 41% had left the company where they experienced onset of asthma. These values equaled or exceeded the comparable figures for those WRA cases whose onset was attributed to a known inducer. Work-related RADS represents a minority of all WRA cases, but the adverse impact of this condition appears to equal that of other WRA cases. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Henneberger, Paul K AU - Derk, Susan J AU - Davis, Letitia AU - Tumpowsky, Catharine AU - Reilly, Mary Jo AU - Rosenman, Kenneth D AU - Schill, Donald P AU - Valiante, David AU - Flattery, Jennifer AU - Harrison, Robert AU - Reinisch, Florence AU - Filios, Margaret S AU - Tift, Brian AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road M/S H-2800, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. pkh0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 360 EP - 368 VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73225793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Work-related+reactive+airways+dysfunction+syndrome+cases+from+surveillance+in+selected+US+states.&rft.au=Henneberger%2C+Paul+K%3BDerk%2C+Susan+J%3BDavis%2C+Letitia%3BTumpowsky%2C+Catharine%3BReilly%2C+Mary+Jo%3BRosenman%2C+Kenneth+D%3BSchill%2C+Donald+P%3BValiante%2C+David%3BFlattery%2C+Jennifer%3BHarrison%2C+Robert%3BReinisch%2C+Florence%3BFilios%2C+Margaret+S%3BTift%2C+Brian&rft.aulast=Henneberger&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=360&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-29 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A longitudinal study of short- and long-term activity levels in male and female spontaneously hypertensive, Wistar-Kyoto, and Sprague-Dawley rats. AN - 73221467; 12708524 AB - The pattern of locomotor activity across development was assessed in male and female spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Open field activity did not indicate hyperactivity in the SHR. Instead, the SD strain was generally more active. Strains and sexes did not differ in open-field locomotor response to drug challenges. When short-term (10-12 min) activity in different apparatuses was compared, the SD were most active in the open field, the SHR in the residential figure-eight maze, and the WKY in the running wheel. Long-term tests indicated hyperactivity in the SHR in the residential figure-eight maze and hypoactivity in the SD in the running wheels. Until such strain differences in activity are thoroughly defined, the use of the SHR as a model of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder is limited. JF - Behavioral neuroscience AU - Ferguson, Sherry A AU - Cada, Amy M AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, Jefferson, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Arkansas 72079, USA. sferguson@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 271 EP - 282 VL - 117 IS - 2 SN - 0735-7044, 0735-7044 KW - Central Nervous System Stimulants KW - 0 KW - Methylphenidate KW - 207ZZ9QZ49 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Age Factors KW - Central Nervous System Stimulants -- pharmacology KW - Rats, Inbred WKY KW - Rats, Inbred SHR KW - Sex Factors KW - Methylphenidate -- pharmacology KW - Circadian Rhythm -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- physiology KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Pregnancy KW - Rats KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Circadian Rhythm -- physiology KW - Psychophysiology KW - Exploratory Behavior -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Escape Reaction KW - Behavior, Animal -- physiology KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Female KW - Maze Learning -- drug effects KW - Maze Learning -- physiology KW - Motor Activity -- physiology KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73221467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavioral+neuroscience&rft.atitle=A+longitudinal+study+of+short-+and+long-term+activity+levels+in+male+and+female+spontaneously+hypertensive%2C+Wistar-Kyoto%2C+and+Sprague-Dawley+rats.&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+Sherry+A%3BCada%2C+Amy+M&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=Sherry&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Behavioral+neuroscience&rft.issn=07357044&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-04 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Early behavioral development in the spontaneously hypertensive rat: a comparison with the Wistar-Kyoto and Sprague-Dawley strains. AN - 73210515; 12708523 AB - The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is often used as a model for childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To investigate behavioral maturation in SHR, body weight, age at eye opening, and performance in several behavioral tasks in male and female SHR, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), and Sprague-Dawley rats were compared. SHRs were slower in performing the righting reflex on PND 4 and negative geotaxis compared with WKY and Sprague-Dawley. Both SHR and WKY were delayed relative to Sprague-Dawley in eye opening and beam walking. Rotarod performance was comparable in the 3 strains. Males were faster to right themselves than females, but there were no other significant sex differences nor Sex X Strain interactions. Delayed development in SHR may be related to a maturational delay observed in children with ADHD. Research assessing early behaviors in SHR, WKY, and other strains will help determine the most appropriate model for childhood ADHD and may help predict later behavioral dysfunction. JF - Behavioral neuroscience AU - Ferguson, Sherry A AU - Gray, Erika P AU - Cada, Amy M AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, Jefferson, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Arkansas 72079, USA. sferguson@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 263 EP - 270 VL - 117 IS - 2 SN - 0735-7044, 0735-7044 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Age Factors KW - Rats, Inbred WKY KW - Rats, Inbred SHR KW - Eye KW - Fractures, Open KW - Reaction Time -- physiology KW - Pregnancy KW - Body Weight KW - Rats KW - Forelimb -- physiology KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Exploratory Behavior -- physiology KW - Reflex KW - Species Specificity KW - Walking -- physiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Psychomotor Performance -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73210515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavioral+neuroscience&rft.atitle=Early+behavioral+development+in+the+spontaneously+hypertensive+rat%3A+a+comparison+with+the+Wistar-Kyoto+and+Sprague-Dawley+strains.&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+Sherry+A%3BGray%2C+Erika+P%3BCada%2C+Amy+M&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=Sherry&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Behavioral+neuroscience&rft.issn=07357044&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-04 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Apple quality, storage, and washing treatments affect patulin levels in apple cider. AN - 73205850; 12696685 AB - Patulin is a mycotoxin produced primarily by Penicillium expansum, a mold responsible for rot in apples and other fruits. The growth of this fungus and the production of patulin are common in fruit that has been damaged. However, patulin can be detected in visibly sound fruit. The purpose of this project was to determine how apple quality, storage, and washing treatments affect patulin levels in apple cider. Patulin was not detected in cider pressed from fresh tree-picked apples (seven cultivars) but was found at levels of 40.2 to 374 microg/liter in cider pressed from four cultivars of fresh ground-harvested (dropped) apples. Patulin was not detected in cider pressed from culled tree-picked apples stored for 4 to 6 weeks at 0 to 2 degrees C but was found at levels of 0.97 to 64.0 microg/liter in cider pressed from unculled fruit stored under the same conditions. Cider from controlled-atmosphere-stored apples that were culled before pressing contained 0 to 15.1 microg of patulin per liter, while cider made from unculled fruit contained 59.9 to 120.5 microg of patulin per liter. The washing of ground-harvested apples before pressing reduced patulin levels in cider by 10 to 100%, depending on the initial patulin levels and the type of wash solution used. These results indicate that patulin is a good indicator of the quality of the apples used to manufacture cider. The avoidance of ground-harvested apples and the careful culling of apples before pressing are good methods for reducing patulin levels in cider. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Jackson, Lauren S AU - Beacham-Bowden, Tina AU - Keller, Susanne E AU - Adhikari, Chaitali AU - Taylor, Kirk T AU - Chirtel, Stewart J AU - Merker, Robert I AD - National Center for Food Safety and Technology, Food and Drug Administration, 6502 South Archer Road, Summit-Argo, Illinois 60501, USA. lauren.jackson@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 618 EP - 624 VL - 66 IS - 4 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Patulin KW - 95X2BV4W8R KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Food Microbiology KW - Disinfection -- methods KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Patulin -- isolation & purification KW - Malus -- microbiology KW - Beverages -- analysis KW - Beverages -- microbiology KW - Penicillium -- metabolism KW - Patulin -- biosynthesis KW - Malus -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73205850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Apple+quality%2C+storage%2C+and+washing+treatments+affect+patulin+levels+in+apple+cider.&rft.au=Jackson%2C+Lauren+S%3BBeacham-Bowden%2C+Tina%3BKeller%2C+Susanne+E%3BAdhikari%2C+Chaitali%3BTaylor%2C+Kirk+T%3BChirtel%2C+Stewart+J%3BMerker%2C+Robert+I&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=618&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-19 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An occupational reproductive research agenda for the third millennium. AN - 73169114; 12676620 AB - There is a significant public health concern about the potential effects of occupational exposure to toxic substances on reproductive outcomes. Several toxicants with reported reproductive and developmental effects are still in regular commercial or therapeutic use and thus present potential exposure to workers. Examples of these include heavy metals, organic solvents, pesticides and herbicides, and sterilants, anesthetic gases, and anticancer drugs used in health care. Many other substances are suspected of producing reproductive or developmental toxicity but lack sufficient data. Progress has been limited in identifying hazards and quantifying their potencies and in separating the contribution of these hazards from other etiologic factors. Identifying the causative agents, mechanisms by which they act, and any potential target populations, present the opportunity to intervene and protect the reproductive health of workers. The pace of laboratory studies to identify hazards and to underpin the biologic plausibility of effects in humans has not matched the pace at which new chemicals are introduced into commerce. Though many research challenges exist today, recent technologic and methodologic advances have been made that allow researchers to overcome some of these obstacles. The objective of this article is to recommend future directions in occupational reproductive health research. By bridging interdisciplinary gaps, the scientific community can work together to improve health and reduce adverse outcomes. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Lawson, Christina C AU - Schnorr, Teresa M AU - Daston, George P AU - Grajewski, Barbara AU - Marcus, Michele AU - McDiarmid, Melissa AU - Murono, Eisuke AU - Perreault, Sally D AU - Schrader, Steven M AU - Shelby, Michael AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. clawson@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 584 EP - 592 VL - 111 IS - 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Xenobiotics KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Communication KW - Forecasting KW - Occupational Health KW - Xenobiotics -- adverse effects KW - Reproduction KW - Research Design UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73169114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=An+occupational+reproductive+research+agenda+for+the+third+millennium.&rft.au=Lawson%2C+Christina+C%3BSchnorr%2C+Teresa+M%3BDaston%2C+George+P%3BGrajewski%2C+Barbara%3BMarcus%2C+Michele%3BMcDiarmid%2C+Melissa%3BMurono%2C+Eisuke%3BPerreault%2C+Sally+D%3BSchrader%2C+Steven+M%3BShelby%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Lawson&rft.aufirst=Christina&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=584&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - 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Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Consensus workshop on methods to evaluate developmental immunotoxicity. AN - 73154911; 12676619 AB - A workshop cosponsored by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health was convened in Washington, DC, on 17-18 October 2001 with the goal of developing a consensus document on the most appropriate experimental approaches and assays available to assess developmental immunotoxicity. The work group was composed of scientists from academia, the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, and federal agencies with expertise in developmental immunology, developmental toxicology, immunotoxicology, and risk evaluation. This consensus document presents an overview of the major summations made by the work group. A summary of early work in the field is provided, which includes potential immunotoxic agents, followed by brief discussions of our current understanding of developmental immunology. This report concludes with the work group's consensus of the most appropriate experimental design and tests to screen for potential developmental immunotoxic agents in experimental models, including potential limitations and data gaps. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Luster, Michael I AU - Dean, Jack H AU - Germolec, Dori R Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 579 EP - 583 VL - 111 IS - 4 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Interinstitutional Relations KW - Humans KW - National Institutes of Health (U.S.) KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Risk Assessment KW - Immune System -- embryology KW - Immune System -- drug effects KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73154911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Consensus+workshop+on+methods+to+evaluate+developmental+immunotoxicity.&rft.au=Luster%2C+Michael+I%3BDean%2C+Jack+H%3BGermolec%2C+Dori+R&rft.aulast=Luster&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=579&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Neuroimmunomodulation. 2000;7(1):16-26 [10601815] Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2001;17:387-403 [11687494] Int Rev Immunol. 2000;19(2-3):173-93 [10763708] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Jun;108 Suppl 3:463-73 [10852846] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Jun;108 Suppl 3:483-90 [10852848] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2002 Apr 15;180(2):136-44 [11969381] Hum Exp Toxicol. 2002 Sep-Oct;21(9-10):473-8 [12458903] Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1990 May-Jun;12(3):281-4 [2196426] Teratology. 1991 Oct;44(4):385-93 [1683717] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1992 Feb;112(2):207-13 [1531708] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1992 Feb;18(2):200-10 [1534777] Agents Actions. 1992 Sep;37(1-2):140-6 [1456175] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1992 Dec;117(2):155-64 [1335172] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1993 Jul;21(1):71-82 [8365588] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1993 Nov;21(4):412-9 [8253294] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Dec;101(7):618-20 [8143594] Exp Clin Immunogenet. 1994;11(2-3):94-101 [7826670] Pediatr Res. 1995 Sep;38(3):404-10 [7494667] Environ Health Perspect. 1996 Aug;104 Suppl 4:809-13 [8880003] Immunopharmacology. 1997 Apr;36(1):41-8 [9129995] Toxicology. 1997 Oct 19;122(3):229-40 [9328223] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1997 Nov;40(1):138-57 [9398496] Toxicol Sci. 1998 Apr;42(2):129-35 [9579025] Nature. 1998 Jun 4;393(6684):474-8 [9624003] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1998 May;150(1):117-24 [9630460] Toxicology. 1999 Jan 1;132(1):67-79 [10199582] Toxicology. 1999 May 3;134(1):79-88 [10413190] J Environ Pathol Toxicol. 1978 Mar-Apr;1(4):397-402 [363964] Hum Exp Toxicol. 2002 Sep-Oct;21(9-10):493-8 [12458906] Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1974;47(5):777-94 [4154311] Cell Immunol. 1974 Mar 30;11(1-3):257-71 [4281724] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1977 Oct;3(3):451-64 [926199] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1979 Feb;47(2):279-85 [377565] Clin Exp Immunol. 1979 Mar;35(3):413-20 [455779] Drug Chem Toxicol. 1979;2(1-2):61-76 [398252] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1980 May;6(3):569-76 [7420464] Int J Immunopharmacol. 1980;2(4):301-10 [7203748] Immunology. 1981 Jul;43(3):535-40 [6454657] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1982 Mar 15;62(3):402-8 [7041330] Toxicol Lett. 1985 Jun;25(3):229-38 [2990071] Fertil Steril. 1987 Aug;48(2):193-7 [3609331] Teratog Carcinog Mutagen. 1987;7(3):321-7 [2888211] Toxicol Lett. 1987 Dec;39(2-3):263-74 [2961103] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1988 Jan;10(1):2-19 [3280374] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1988;25(4):403-22 [3264347] Mol Pharmacol. 1989 Jan;35(1):18-25 [2783621] Toxicology. 1989 Jul 3;57(1):97-111 [2749744] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1990 May;14(4):688-95 [2193845] Toxicology. 2001 Jan 2;156(2-3):161-70 [11164618] Toxicol Sci. 2001 Feb;59(2):251-9 [11158718] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Mar;109 Suppl 1:93-100 [11250809] Toxicol Sci. 2001 May;61(1):164-75 [11294987] Toxicology. 2001 May 28;163(1):39-48 [11419406] Cell Biol Toxicol. 2001;17(2):87-94 [11499699] Toxicol Sci. 2001 Nov;64(1):57-66 [11606801] Immunol Today. 2000 Jan;21(1):35-41 [10637557] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute stress modulates the irritant component of sensitizers in allergic contact dermatitis: implications for exposure assessment. AN - 73143559; 12668122 AB - Exposure of skin to noxious environmental stimuli can cause allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), which is a major health risk. Epidemiological studies have determined that 40% of workers report that their jobs are very, or extremely, stressful, and the number of chemicals to which workers are exposed increases each year. We hypothesized that combined exposure to a workplace stressor and a sensitizing chemical would alter the time course and magnitude of the skin immune response. We assessed the mixed exposure of chemical and restraint stress using three potent skin sensitizers, 2,4 dinitrofluorbenzene (DNFB), dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), and oxazolone, (OXA) on the ear swelling response in stress-susceptible BALB/c mice. Quantitative analyses showed that the dose-response relationship for each chemical followed a cubic trend. Although stress did not alter the shape of the curve, application of restraint stress on day 1 or on day 6 diminished the ear swelling response to 0.1% DNFB. However, if the concentration of the challenge dose was increased to a more irritating concentration, 0.25% DNFB, ear swelling was enhanced. Restraint stress applied on day 6 also increased ear swelling in response to the highly irritating sensitizer DCC, but not to the low-irritancy chemical OXA. These data support the hypothesis that dose-response relationships exist for sensitization with chemical and that restraint stress modulation of the ear swelling response is both chemical specific and dependent on the irritancy potential of the chemical. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Flint, Melanie S AU - Salmen, Rebecca R AU - Brumbaugh, Kurt AU - Tinkle, Sally S AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2003/04/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 01 SP - 50 EP - 58 VL - 188 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Irritants KW - 0 KW - Oxazolone KW - 15646-46-5 KW - Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide KW - 538-75-0 KW - Dinitrofluorobenzene KW - D241E059U6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Acute Disease KW - Animals KW - Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide -- toxicity KW - Restraint, Physical KW - Edema -- complications KW - Oxazolone -- toxicity KW - Dinitrofluorobenzene -- toxicity KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Mice KW - Edema -- immunology KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Edema -- chemically induced KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic KW - Ear, External KW - Administration, Topical KW - Male KW - Stress, Physiological -- complications KW - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact -- immunology KW - Irritants -- toxicity KW - Stress, Physiological -- immunology KW - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73143559?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Acute+stress+modulates+the+irritant+component+of+sensitizers+in+allergic+contact+dermatitis%3A+implications+for+exposure+assessment.&rft.au=Flint%2C+Melanie+S%3BSalmen%2C+Rebecca+R%3BBrumbaugh%2C+Kurt%3BTinkle%2C+Sally+S&rft.aulast=Flint&rft.aufirst=Melanie&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=188&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute pesticide-related illnesses among working youths, 1988-1999. AN - 73141331; 12660205 AB - The goal of this study was to describe acute occupational pesticide-related illnesses among youths and to provide prevention recommendations. Survey data from 8 states and from poison control center data were analyzed. Illness incidence rates and incidence rate ratios were calculated. A total of 531 youths were identified with acute occupational pesticide-related illnesses. Insecticides were responsible for most of these illnesses (68%), most of which were of minor severity (79%). The average annual incidence rate among youths aged 15 to 17 years was 20.4 per billion hours worked, and the incidence rate ratio among youths vs adults was 1.71 (95% confidence interval = 1.53, 1.91). The present findings suggest the need for greater efforts to prevent acute occupational pesticide-related illnesses among adolescents. JF - American journal of public health AU - Calvert, Geoffrey M AU - Mehler, Louise N AU - Rosales, Rachel AU - Baum, Lynden AU - Thomsen, Catherine AU - Male, Dorilee AU - Shafey, Omar AU - Das, Rupali AU - Lackovic, Michelle AU - Arvizu, Ernest AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. jac6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 605 EP - 610 VL - 93 IS - 4 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Pesticides KW - Pyrethrins KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Acute Disease KW - Occupations -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- poisoning KW - Humans KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Public Health Informatics KW - Insecticides -- poisoning KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Occupations -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adolescent KW - Occupations -- classification KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Pyrethrins -- poisoning KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Pesticides -- poisoning KW - Pesticides -- classification KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73141331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Insect+neuropeptide+antagonists%3A+Design+of+highly+potent+inhibitors+of+the+insect+pheromone+biosynthesis+activating+neuropeptide+%28PBAN%29&rft.au=Altstein%2C+M%3BBen-Aziz%2C+O%3BSchafler%2C+I%3BBarda%2C+Y%3BQuit%2C+N%3BBaharagava%2C+K&rft.aulast=Altstein&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-08-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-30 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2000 Jun;31(3):280-5 [10915586] Am J Public Health. 1983 Apr;73(4):396-400 [6829822] Med Toxicol Adverse Drug Exp. 1987 Nov-Dec;2(6):389-97 [3431425] Am J Emerg Med. 1999 Sep;17(5):435-87 [10496515] Am J Ind Med. 1998 Feb;33(2):151-6 [9438047] Occup Med. 1999 Jul-Sep;14(3):519-36 [10378974] Annu Rev Public Health. 1990;11:359-75 [2191666] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to occupational exposure to silica dust: a review of epidemiological and pathological evidence. AN - 73140622; 12660371 AB - Occupational exposure is an important risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and silica dust is one of the most important occupational respiratory toxins. Epidemiological and pathological studies suggest that silica dust exposure can lead to COPD, even in the absence of radiological signs of silicosis, and that the association between cumulative silica dust exposure and airflow obstruction is independent of silicosis. Recent clinicopathological and experimental studies have contributed further towards explaining the potential mechanism through which silica can cause pathological changes that may lead to the development of COPD. In this paper we review the epidemiological and pathological evidence relevant to the development of COPD in silica dust exposed workers within the context of recent findings. The evidence surveyed suggests that chronic levels of silica dust that do not cause disabling silicosis may cause the development of chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and/or small airways disease that can lead to airflow obstruction, even in the absence of radiological silicosis. JF - Occupational and environmental medicine AU - Hnizdo, E AU - Vallyathan, V AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Exh6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 237 EP - 243 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Pulmonary Emphysema -- etiology KW - Respiratory Hypersensitivity -- complications KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Pulmonary Emphysema -- epidemiology KW - Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Silicon Dioxide -- adverse effects KW - Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73140622?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Chronic+obstructive+pulmonary+disease+due+to+occupational+exposure+to+silica+dust%3A+a+review+of+epidemiological+and+pathological+evidence.&rft.au=Hnizdo%2C+E%3BVallyathan%2C+V&rft.aulast=Hnizdo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-22 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 May;157(5 Pt 1):1666-80 [9603153] Am J Ind Med. 1998 Oct;34(4):305-13 [9750935] Occup Environ Med. 1998 Jul;55(7):496-502 [9816385] Thorax. 1998 Aug;53(8):649-55 [9828850] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 Dec;158(6):1907-13 [9847285] Eur Respir J. 1998 Nov;12(5):1020-4 [9863990] Am J Ind Med. 1999 Aug;36(2):299-306 [10398938] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 Nov;160(5 Pt 2):S17-20 [10556163] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Sep;152(3):1003-9 [7663775] Br J Ind Med. 1987 Dec;44(12):810-8 [3689716] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988 Feb;137(2):286-92 [3341623] Chest. 1988 Sep;94(3):539-45 [3409733] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988 Jul;138(1):129-35 [2849335] Epidemiol Rev. 1988;10:29-47 [3066629] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 Jun;139(6):1487-93 [2786363] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 Sep;140(3 Pt 2):S85-91 [2675712] Br J Ind Med. 1989 Dec;46(12):873-6 [2611161] Eur Respir J. 1995 Aug;8(8):1398-420 [7489808] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996 Feb;153(2):644-9 [8564112] Occup Environ Med. 1996 Jan;53(1):11-6 [8563852] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996 Oct;154(4 Pt 1):1124-40 [8887617] Occup Environ Med. 1997 Jan;54(1):19-26 [9072029] Am J Ind Med. 1997 May;31(5):495-502 [9099350] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Feb;105 Suppl 1:165-77 [9114285] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Sep;105 Suppl 5:1215-8 [9400726] Chest. 1998 Feb;113(2):340-3 [9498949] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 Nov;160(5 Pt 2):S21-5 [10556164] Thorax. 2000 Jan;55(1):32-8 [10607799] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2000 May;73(4):235-44 [10877029] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Aug;108 Suppl 4:675-84 [10931786] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Sep;162(3 Pt 2):S134-6 [10988168] Ann Occup Hyg. 2001 Apr;45(3):193-9 [11295142] Am J Ind Med. 2001 Aug;40(2):133-40 [11494340] Inhal Toxicol. 2001 Sep;13(9):789-805 [11498806] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Nov 15;164(10 Pt 2):S28-38 [11734464] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Nov 15;164(10 Pt 2):S76-80 [11734472] Intern Med. 2002 Apr;41(4):265-9 [11993785] Chest. 2002 May;121(5 Suppl):160S-165S [12010846] Br J Ind Med. 1967 Jan;24(1):1-12 [6017135] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1971 May;103(5):625-40 [5579906] Inhaled Part. 1975 Sep;4 Pt 2:727-35 [1236246] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1978 Mar;117(3):429-35 [629477] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1982 Oct;126(4):629-34 [7125356] Ann Occup Hyg. 1982;26(1-4):663-75 [7181297] Hum Pathol. 1983 Aug;14(8):688-93 [6307854] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1985 Jan;131(1):139-43 [3966701] AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1986 Mar;146(3):477-83 [3484862] Radiology. 1986 Apr;159(1):27-32 [3952318] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987 Jun;135(6):1234-41 [3592399] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990 Jun;141(6):1497-500 [2350091] Ann Occup Hyg. 1990 Apr;34(2):195-204 [2169220] Br J Ind Med. 1990 Oct;47(10):656-64 [2171628] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991 Jan;143(1):80-4 [1986688] Am J Ind Med. 1991;19(1):15-27 [1846507] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1990 Dec;16(6):411-22 [2178280] Respir Med. 1991 Jan;85(1):27-35 [2014356] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991 Jun;143(6):1241-7 [1646580] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991 Sep;144(3 Pt 1):697-705 [1892313] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1992;63(6):387-91 [1544686] Br J Ind Med. 1992 Jul;49(7):472-9 [1322158] Am J Ind Med. 1992;22(2):155-62 [1329507] Eur Respir J. 1992 Sep;5(8):986-91 [1330677] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993 Jul;148(1):38-48 [8317812] Br J Ind Med. 1993 Aug;50(8):726-31 [8398859] Thorax. 1993 Jul;48(7):746-9 [8153925] Occup Environ Med. 1994 Aug;51(8):557-63 [7951782] Arch Environ Health. 1994 Nov-Dec;49(6):459-64 [7818288] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1994;66(4):217-22 [7843830] Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Dec;102 Suppl 10:111-5 [7705284] Am J Ind Med. 1995 Feb;27(2):217-29 [7755012] Am J Ind Med. 1995 May;27(5):625-40 [7611302] Chest. 1995 Sep;108(3):647-55 [7656611] J Toxicol Environ Health A. 1998 Apr 24;53(8):593-605 [9572158] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thirteen-week inhalation toxicity of N,N-dimethylformamide in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. AN - 73137393; 12655034 AB - Male and female F-344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (10/sex/group) were exposed to N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) by whole body inhalation exposure at 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, or 800 ppm, 6 h/day, 5 days/week, for 13 weeks. A concentration-dependent depression in body weight occurred in rats of both sexes at 400 (6-11%) and 800 ppm (20-22%). In contrast, all weight changes in both sexes of mice were within 10% of controls. No rats died, while 5 mice died from nonexposure-related causes. Relative liver weights were significantly increased at all DMF concentrations in both sexes and both species. Activities of serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) were statistically increased in male and female rats (200 to 800 ppm) on study days 4, 24, and 91 (13 weeks). Activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD) were statistically increased in both sexes of rats exposed to 800 ppm DMF at all time points. Cholesterol (CHOL) levels were statistically increased in male and female rats (50-800 ppm) at all sampling time points. Levels of total bile acids (TBA) were statistically increased in both sexes of rats (400-800 ppm) on days 24 and 91. Centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis (minimal to moderate) was seen in rats of both sexes exposed at 400 and 800 ppm, with the lesions more severe in females. Centrilobular hepatocellular hypertrophy (minimal to mild) was found in all groups of DMF-exposed male mice, and in female mice exposed at 100-800 ppm. For male and female rats the no-observed-adverse-effect concentration (NOAEC) for microscopic liver injury was 200 ppm. The NOAEC was 50 ppm for female mice, but an NOAEC based upon the absence of microscopic liver injury was not determined in male mice. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Lynch, D W AU - Placke, M E AU - Persing, R L AU - Ryan, M J AD - Biomonitoring and Health Assessment Branch, Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA. dlynch@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 347 EP - 358 VL - 72 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Solvents KW - 0 KW - Dimethylformamide KW - 8696NH0Y2X KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.14 KW - Isocitrate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.41 KW - Alanine Transaminase KW - EC 2.6.1.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Isocitrate Dehydrogenase -- blood KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Mice KW - Rats KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Necrosis KW - Alanine Transaminase -- blood KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase -- blood KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Female KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Solvents -- toxicity KW - Solvents -- administration & dosage KW - Dimethylformamide -- toxicity KW - Dimethylformamide -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73137393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Thirteen-week+inhalation+toxicity+of+N%2CN-dimethylformamide+in+F344%2FN+rats+and+B6C3F1+mice.&rft.au=Lynch%2C+D+W%3BPlacke%2C+M+E%3BPersing%2C+R+L%3BRyan%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Lynch&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food and water safety for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. AN - 73131523; 12652380 AB - Public health and food safety experts estimate that millions of episodes of illnesses annually can be traced to contaminated food and water. Food and water safety is extremely important to persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A compromised immune system causes people with HIV or AIDS to be more susceptible to foodborne illness from eating foods that are unsafely handled and poorly prepared and from using water from unsafe sources. Food- and waterborne illnesses can cause diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting that can lead to weight loss. These illnesses can be minimized or prevented if proper precautions are taken. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Hayes, Celia AU - Elliot, Elisa AU - Krales, Edwin AU - Downer, Goulda AD - Health Resources and Services Administration, HIV/AIDS Bureau, Office of Science and Epidemiology, Service Evaluation and Research Branch, Rockville, Maryland 20896, USA. chayes@hrsa.gov Y1 - 2003/04/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 01 SP - S106 EP - S109 VL - 36 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nausea -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Weight Loss KW - Vomiting -- etiology KW - Diarrhea -- microbiology KW - Diarrhea -- etiology KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Food Microbiology KW - HIV Infections -- complications KW - Water Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73131523?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Food+and+water+safety+for+persons+infected+with+human+immunodeficiency+virus.&rft.au=Hayes%2C+Celia%3BElliot%2C+Elisa%3BKrales%2C+Edwin%3BDowner%2C+Goulda&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=Celia&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S106&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary exposure to genistein increases vasopressin but does not alter beta-endorphin in the rat hypothalamus. AN - 73122095; 12660364 AB - Genistein is a plant-derived estrogenic isoflavone commonly found in soy-based products such as soymilk and soy-based dietary supplements for treating menopausal symptoms, for example. Vasopressin is a neurosecretory nonapeptide synthesized primarily in neurons of the hypothalamus and secreted into the bloodstream from the posterior lobe of the pituitary. The endogenous opiate peptide beta-endorphin is synthesized both in neurons of the hypothalamus and in pituitary cells, primarily of the neurointermediate lobe. It has been reported that exposure to 17beta-estradiol or diethylstilbesterol increased the vasopressin content of the hypothalamus, and that estradiol valerate selectively damages hypothalamic beta-endorphin-containing neurons. Since little was known of the potential effects of estrogenic endocrine-disruptor compounds on hypothalamic neuropeptides, we fed Sprague-Dawley fetuses from day 7 in utero until sacrifice at postnatal day 77, with either a control diet (<1 ppm) or an experimental diet containing 25, 250, or 1250 ppm of genistein. We then conducted ELISA assays for hypothalamic content of both beta-endorphin and vasopressin immunoreactivity. Whereas there were no statistically reliable effects of dietary genistein on hypothalamic beta-endorphin content, vasopressin levels were significantly elevated in the 1250-ppm genistein group (p < 0.05). Elevated vasopressin levels may be associated with fluid balance, altered blood pressure, and cardiovascular effects. These data are consistent with the known actions of estradiol and may serve to explain our finding in a previous study that estrogenic endocrine-disruptors such as genistein increased sodium preference in rats exposed through their diet. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Scallet, Andrew C AU - Wofford, Marcia AU - Meredith, John C AU - Allaben, William T AU - Ferguson, Sherry A AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological research, 3900 NCTR Drive, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. ascallet@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 296 EP - 300 VL - 72 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Hormone Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Vasopressins KW - 11000-17-2 KW - beta-Endorphin KW - 60617-12-1 KW - Genistein KW - DH2M523P0H KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Maternal Exposure KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Vasopressins -- metabolism KW - Hypothalamus -- drug effects KW - beta-Endorphin -- metabolism KW - Hypothalamus -- metabolism KW - Hormone Antagonists -- toxicity KW - Genistein -- toxicity KW - Hormone Antagonists -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73122095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Dietary+exposure+to+genistein+increases+vasopressin+but+does+not+alter+beta-endorphin+in+the+rat+hypothalamus.&rft.au=Scallet%2C+Andrew+C%3BWofford%2C+Marcia%3BMeredith%2C+John+C%3BAllaben%2C+William+T%3BFerguson%2C+Sherry+A&rft.aulast=Scallet&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=296&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FDA "black box" labeling. AN - 73121217; 12658256 JF - Annals of emergency medicine AU - Meyer, Robert J AD - Office of Drug Evaluation II, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. meyerro@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 559 EP - 560 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0196-0644, 0196-0644 KW - Antiemetics KW - 0 KW - Antipsychotic Agents KW - Droperidol KW - O9U0F09D5X KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Evidence-Based Medicine KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Humans KW - Arrhythmias, Cardiac -- chemically induced KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Long QT Syndrome -- chemically induced KW - Antipsychotic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Drug Labeling KW - Droperidol -- adverse effects KW - Antiemetics -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73121217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+emergency+medicine&rft.atitle=FDA+%22black+box%22+labeling.&rft.au=Meyer%2C+Robert+J&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=559&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+emergency+medicine&rft.issn=01960644&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Ann Emerg Med. 2004 Jan;43(1):139-40 [15259182] Comment On: Ann Emerg Med. 2003 Apr;41(4):546-58 [12658255] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of known exhalation valve damage using a negative pressure user seal check method on full facepiece respirators. AN - 73101627; 12637234 AB - A negative pressure user seal check (NPUSC) method was evaluated for its ability to adequately detect known exhalation valve leakage into a respirator. Three valves with different types of damage were included. Twenty-six test subjects, wearing full facepiece respirators, were asked to perform a NPUSC. Their responses as to whether they passed or failed the user seal check were compared to fit testing results from two quantitative fit test methods: ambient aerosol and controlled negative pressure. In addition, equipment developed at the University of Cincinnati was used to measure in-mask pressures that are generated during the performance of NPUSCs. This technique was employed to assess the ability of respirator wearers to properly conduct user seal checks. The data were analyzed to determine if the user seal check procedure is an effective method for detecting known exhalation valve damage. All test subjects reported passing the user seal check with the undamaged valve. With the warped valve installed, 95 percent of test subjects reported passing the user seal check. With the slit valve installed, 73 percent of test subjects reported passing. With the dirty valve installed, 65 percent reported passing. All fit factors, measured with the damaged valves, were below the Occupational Safety and Health Administration-recognized pass/fail criteria except one fit test with the respirator equipped with the slit valve. Results from the in-mask pressure measurements confirmed whether or not the subject properly conducted a user seal check, but did not detect respirator leakage. In conclusion, the performance of a NPUSC rarely helped to identify damaged exhalation valves. These results support the need for respirator inspection prior to donning with periodic fit testing and the performance of user seal checks as necessary components of an adequate respiratory protection program. JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Delaney, Lisa J AU - McKay, Roy T AU - Freeman, Andrew AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Atlanta, Georgia. Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 237 EP - 243 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Inhalation Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration KW - Equipment Failure KW - Ohio KW - Equipment Failure Analysis -- instrumentation KW - Pressure KW - Respiratory Protective Devices -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73101627?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Determination+of+known+exhalation+valve+damage+using+a+negative+pressure+user+seal+check+method+on+full+facepiece+respirators.&rft.au=Delaney%2C+Lisa+J%3BMcKay%2C+Roy+T%3BFreeman%2C+Andrew&rft.aulast=Delaney&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An ergonomic evaluation of snowmobiles. AN - 73101587; 12637230 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Habes, Daniel J AU - Dick, Robert AU - Tubbs, Randy AU - Biggs, Fred AU - Burt, Susan AD - NIOSH Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance Branch, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 213 EP - 225 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Equipment Design KW - Humans KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration KW - Tremor -- etiology KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Off-Road Motor Vehicles KW - Human Engineering KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Occupational Diseases -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73101587?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Use+of+dyes+to+investigate+migration+of+the+chiral+selector+in+CFFE+and+the+impact+on+the+chiral+separations.&rft.au=Gratz%2C+S+R%3BSchneiderman%2C+E%3BMertens%2C+T+R%3BStalcup%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Gratz&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-08-15&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=3999&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+chemistry&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pulmonary deposition modeling with airborne fiber exposure data: a study of workers manufacturing refractory ceramic fibers. AN - 73092335; 12637238 AB - Increasing production of refractory ceramic fiber (RCF), a synthetic vitreous material with industrial applications (e.g., kiln insulation), has created interest in potential respiratory effects of exposure to airborne fibers during manufacturing. An ongoing study of RCF manufacturing workers in the United States has indicated an association between cumulative fiber exposure and pleural plaques. Fiber sizing data, obtained from electron microscopy analyses of 118 air samples collected in three independent studies over a 20-year period (1976-1995), were used with a computer deposition model to estimate pulmonary dose of fibers of specified dimensions for 652 former and current RCF production workers. Separate dose correction factors reflecting differences in fiber dimensions in six uniform job title groups were used with data on airborne fiber concentration and employment duration to calculate cumulative dose estimates for each worker. From review of the literature, critical dimensions (diameter <0.4 microm, length <10 microm) were defined for fibers that may translocate to the parietal pleura. Each of three continuous exposure/dose metrics analyzed in separate logistic regression models was significantly related to plaques, even after adjusting for possible past asbestos exposure: cumulative fiber exposure, chi(2) = 15.2 (p < 0.01); cumulative pulmonary dose (all fibers), chi(2) = 14.6 (p < 0.01); cumulative pulmonary dose (critical dimension fibers), chi(2) = 12.4 (p < 0.01). Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for levels of each metric. Increasing ORs were statistically significant for the two highest dose levels of critical dimension fibers (level three, OR = 11, 95%CI = [1.4, 98]; level four, OR = 25, 95%CI = [3.2, 190]). Similar associations existed for all metrics after adjustment for possible asbestos exposure. It was concluded that development of pleural plaques follows exposure- and dose-response patterns, and that airborne fibers in RCF manufacturing facilities include those with critical dimensions associated with pleural plaque formation. Analysis of additional air samples may improve estimates of the dose-response relationship. JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Lentz, Thomas J AU - Rice, Carol H AU - Succop, Paul A AU - Lockey, James E AU - Dement, John M AU - LeMasters, Grace K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio. Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 278 EP - 288 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Lung -- diagnostic imaging KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Humans KW - Radiography KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- metabolism KW - Pneumoconiosis -- etiology KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Ceramics -- analysis KW - Ceramics -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73092335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Pulmonary+deposition+modeling+with+airborne+fiber+exposure+data%3A+a+study+of+workers+manufacturing+refractory+ceramic+fibers.&rft.au=Lentz%2C+Thomas+J%3BRice%2C+Carol+H%3BSuccop%2C+Paul+A%3BLockey%2C+James+E%3BDement%2C+John+M%3BLeMasters%2C+Grace+K&rft.aulast=Lentz&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vanadium-induced apoptosis and pulmonary inflammation in mice: Role of reactive oxygen species. AN - 73036281; 12599213 AB - Pulmonary exposure to metals and metal-containing compounds is associated with pulmonary inflammation, cell death, and tissue injury. The present study uses a mouse model to investigate vanadium-induced apoptosis and lung inflammation, and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this process. Aspiration of the pentavalent form of vanadium, V (V), caused a rapid influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the pulmonary airspace with a peak inflammatory response at 6 h post-exposure and resolution by 72 h. During this period, the number of apoptotic lung cells which were predominantly neutrophils increased considerably with a peak response at 24 h accompanied by no or minimum necrosis. After 24 h when the V (V)-induced inflammation was in the resolution phase, an increased influx of macrophages and engulfment of apoptotic bodies by these phagocytes was observed, supporting the role of macrophages in apoptotic cell clearance and resolution of V (V)-induced lung inflammation. Electron spin resonance (ESR) studies using lavaged alveolar macrophages showed the formation of ROS, including O(2)(*-), H(2)O(2), and (*)OH radicals which were confirmed by inhibition with free radical scavengers. The mechanism of ROS generation induced by V (V) involved the activation of an NADPH oxidase complex and the mitochondrial electron transport chain. The ROS scavenger, catalase (H(2)O(2) scavenger), effectively inhibited both lung cell apoptosis and the inflammatory response, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) (O(2)(*-) scavenger) and the metal chelator, deferoxamine (inhibitor of (*)OH generation by Fenton-like reactions) had lesser effects. These results indicate that multiple oxidative species are involved in V (V)-induced lung inflammation and apoptosis, and that H(2)O(2) plays a major role in this process. JF - Journal of cellular physiology AU - Wang, Liying AU - Medan, Djordje AU - Mercer, Robert AU - Overmiller, Dean AU - Leornard, Stephen AU - Castranova, Vincent AU - Shi, Xianglin AU - Ding, Min AU - Huang, Chuanshu AU - Rojanasakul, Yon AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. lmw6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 99 EP - 107 VL - 195 IS - 1 SN - 0021-9541, 0021-9541 KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - 0 KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Vanadates KW - 3WHH0066W5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Neutrophils -- pathology KW - Mice KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - In Situ Nick-End Labeling KW - Necrosis KW - Spin Trapping KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Instillation, Drug KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- pathology KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Pneumonia -- chemically induced KW - Vanadates -- toxicity KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Vanadates -- administration & dosage KW - Pneumonia -- pathology KW - Pneumonia -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73036281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+cellular+physiology&rft.atitle=Vanadium-induced+apoptosis+and+pulmonary+inflammation+in+mice%3A+Role+of+reactive+oxygen+species.&rft.au=Wang%2C+Liying%3BMedan%2C+Djordje%3BMercer%2C+Robert%3BOvermiller%2C+Dean%3BLeornard%2C+Stephen%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent%3BShi%2C+Xianglin%3BDing%2C+Min%3BHuang%2C+Chuanshu%3BRojanasakul%2C+Yon&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Liying&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+cellular+physiology&rft.issn=00219541&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - What You Should Know about Alcohol Problems. Substance Abuse in Brief, April 2003. AN - 62229084; ED475888 AB - Alcohol use is legal for persons age 21 and older, and the majority of people who drink do so without incident. However, there is a continuum of potential problems associated with alcohol consumption. This brief addresses the definition of an "alcohol problem" and problems associated with "risky drinking." It also addresses the diagnoses of alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. Highlighted are factors that may contribute to alcohol dependence, consequences of alcohol use, and the detection and treatment of alcohol use problems. (Contains 13 references.) (GCP) Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 8 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345. Tel: 301-468-2600; Tel: 800-729-6686 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-487-4889 (TDD) (Toll Free). VL - 2 IS - 1 KW - Risk Taking KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Community KW - Drinking KW - Prevention KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Intervention KW - Predictor Variables UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62229084?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protein microarrays: Meeting analytical challenges for clinical applications AN - 20241129; 5614162 AB - Protein microarrays, one emerging class of proteomic technologies, have broad applications for discovery and quantitative analysis. A rapidly expanding use of this technology is the acquisition of information about the posttranslational modifications of proteins reflecting the activity state of signal pathways and networks, and is now employed for the analysis of biopsy samples in clinical trial research. JF - Cancer Cell AU - Liotta, LA AU - Espina, V AU - Mehta, AI AU - Calvert, V AU - Rosenblatt, K AU - Geho, D AU - Munson, P J AU - Young, L AU - Wulfkuhle, J AU - Petricoin III, EF AD - FDA-NCI Clinical Proteomics Program, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, liottal@mail.nih.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 317 EP - 325 VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1535-6108, 1535-6108 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Protein arrays KW - Therapeutic applications KW - Biopsy KW - proteomics KW - Clinical trials KW - W 30960:Bioinformatics & Computer Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20241129?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Cell&rft.atitle=Protein+microarrays%3A+Meeting+analytical+challenges+for+clinical+applications&rft.au=Liotta%2C+LA%3BEspina%2C+V%3BMehta%2C+AI%3BCalvert%2C+V%3BRosenblatt%2C+K%3BGeho%2C+D%3BMunson%2C+P+J%3BYoung%2C+L%3BWulfkuhle%2C+J%3BPetricoin+III%2C+EF&rft.aulast=Liotta&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+Cell&rft.issn=15356108&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1535-6108%2803%2900086-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Protein arrays; Therapeutic applications; Biopsy; proteomics; Clinical trials DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1535-6108(03)00086-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The mortality consequences of the continued use of chloroquine in Africa: Experience in Siaya, Western Kenya AN - 18832747; 5728641 AB - In spite of increasing resistance, chloroquine remains the primary drug for treatment of malaria in most sub-Saharan African countries. We evaluated the effect of drug treatment policy on the case-fatality rates of children, adjusting for differing distributions of malaria and severe anemia. In 1991, 63% of children were treated with chloroquine while the remaining 37% were treated with a regimen that would eliminate and clear parasitemia. Case-fatality rates were 13% and 4.1%, respectively; the proportion of deaths attributable to chloroquine treatment was 69%. The trend in case-fatality rates for malaria decreased as an increasing proportion of children received an effective treatment regimen; adjusted malaria case-fatality rates were 5.1%, 3.6%, and 3.3% in 1992, 1993, and 1994, respectively, when 85% of children in 1992 and 97% of children in 1993-1994 received effective therapy. These 4 years of data provide strong evidence that continued use of chloroquine in areas with resistance is contributing to excess Plasmodium falciparum-related deaths. JF - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene AU - Zucker, J R AU - Ruebush, TK II AU - Obonyo, C AU - Otieno, J AU - Campbell, C C AD - Malaria Section, Epidemiology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA, USA Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 386 EP - 390 VL - 68 IS - 4 SN - 0002-9637, 0002-9637 KW - chloroquine KW - malaria KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - K 03090:Protozoa: human KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18832747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Tropical+Medicine+and+Hygiene&rft.atitle=The+mortality+consequences+of+the+continued+use+of+chloroquine+in+Africa%3A+Experience+in+Siaya%2C+Western+Kenya&rft.au=Zucker%2C+J+R%3BRuebush%2C+TK+II%3BObonyo%2C+C%3BOtieno%2C+J%3BCampbell%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Zucker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=386&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Tropical+Medicine+and+Hygiene&rft.issn=00029637&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antibiotic Resistance: Who Is Winning the War? Introductory Remarks AN - 18831390; 5699739 AB - The evolutionary response of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites to the selective pressure exerted by antimicrobial agents is the emergence of populations that resist the action of the antimicrobial. The emergence and dissemination of such resistance in a variety of these pathogens is a growing public health concern. In response, the scientific community developed an action plan to address this public health issue. Antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral drug development for the treatment of diseases caused by resistant pathogens is one component of this strategy. In addition, due to the targeting of specific drugs against resistant pathogens, we may more readily accept a given drugs toxicity profile for the added therapeutic benefit. This symposium provides a discussion of the modes of action and mechanisms of resistance to antimicrobial agents, and the use of surveillance systems to help understand the nature and magnitude of resistance. The goal is to help guide antimicrobial drug product development and use. Specific toxicity issues are presented that should be considered in phase 1 development of antimicrobial drug products for use in clinical medicine and veterinary medicine. Finally, the national and global strategies developed by federal agencies in the Public Health Action Plan to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance are outlined. JF - International Journal of Toxicology AU - Sheldon, AT Jr AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Division of Anti-Infective Drug Products, MD, USA Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 129 EP - 130 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 1091-5818, 1091-5818 KW - surveillance systems KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24250:Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18831390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Antibiotic+Resistance%3A+Who+Is+Winning+the+War%3F+Introductory+Remarks&rft.au=Sheldon%2C+AT+Jr&rft.aulast=Sheldon&rft.aufirst=AT&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10915818&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimicrobials: Modes of Action and Mechanisms of Resistance AN - 18830531; 5699741 AB - After six decades of widespread antibiotic use, bacterial pathogens of human and animal origin are becoming increasingly resistant to many antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial resistance develops through a limited number of mechanisms: (a) permeability changes in the bacterial cell wall/membrane, which restrict antimicrobial access to target sites; (b) active efflux of the antimicrobial from the cell; (c) mutation in the target site; (d) enzymatic modification or degradation of the antimicrobial; and (e) acquisition of alternative metabolic pathways to those inhibited by the drug. Numerous bacterial antimicrobial resistance phenotypes result from the acquisition of external genes that may provide resistance to an entire class of antimicrobials. These genes are frequently associated with large transferable extrachromosomal DNA elements called plasmids, on which may be other mobile DNA elements such as transposons and integrons. An array of different resistance genes may accumulate on a single mobile element, presenting a situation in which multiple antibiotic resistance can be acquired via a single genetic event. The versatility of bacterial populations in adapting to toxic environments, along with their facility in exchanging DNA, signifies that antibiotic resistance is an inevitable biological phenomenon that will likely continue to be a chronic medical problem. Successful management of current antimicrobials, and the continued development of new ones, is vital to protecting human and animal health against bacterial pathogens. JF - International Journal of Toxicology AU - McDermott, P F AU - Walker, R D AU - White, D G AD - Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, USA Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 135 EP - 143 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 1091-5818, 1091-5818 KW - mechanisms KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24250:Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18830531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Antimicrobials%3A+Modes+of+Action+and+Mechanisms+of+Resistance&rft.au=McDermott%2C+P+F%3BWalker%2C+R+D%3BWhite%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=McDermott&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10915818&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Animal Drug Human Food Safety Toxicology and Antimicrobial Resistance - The Square Peg AN - 18828030; 5699740 AB - This paper presents the traditional approach for the evaluation of human food safety used for animal drugs intended for food animals, and describes some of the difficulties posed by antimicrobial drug resistance. Like human drugs, animal drugs must be safe and effective for the patient. However, unlike human drugs, food derived from animals treated with the animal drug must also be shown to be safe for human consumption. The Food and Drug Administration has come to realize that antimicrobial drugs used in the treatment of the food animal have the potential to create a unique residue - increased numbers of microorganism that are resistant to antimicrobial drug treatment. The traditional toxicological paradigm for chemical residues does not apply to this unique microbiological residue. Information useful to a food safety evaluation may include the potential for the animal antimicrobial drug to diminish the susceptibility of microorganisms to human antimicrobial drugs, any human medical use of the drug, relationship to other human antimicrobial drugs, and the ability of the animal drug to alter the susceptibility of relevant microorganism to important human antimicrobial drugs. Yet to be developed are standardized approaches to quantify an acceptable level of resistant microorganism in food and to mitigate the hazard to assure that there is a reasonable certainty of no harm following the consumption of the edible food derived from the treated animal. JF - International Journal of Toxicology AU - Greenlees, K J AD - Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 131 EP - 134 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 1091-5818, 1091-5818 KW - antibiotic resistance KW - drug resistance KW - veterinary medicine KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - X 24250:Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18828030?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Animal+Drug+Human+Food+Safety+Toxicology+and+Antimicrobial+Resistance+-+The+Square+Peg&rft.au=Greenlees%2C+K+J&rft.aulast=Greenlees&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Francisella novicida LPS has greater immunobiological activity in mice than F. tularensis LPS, and contributes to F. novicida murine pathogenesis AN - 18744319; 5618472 AB - To further understand the role of LPS in the pathogenesis of Francisella infection, we characterized murine infection with F. novicida, and compared immunobiological activities of F. novicida LPS and the LPS from F. tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS). F. novicida had a lower intradermal LD sub(50) in BALB/cByJ mice than F. tularensis LVS, and mice given a lethal F. novicida dose intraperitoneally died faster than those given the same lethal F. tularensis LVS dose. However, the pattern of in vivo dissemination was similar, and in vitro growth of both bacteria in bone marrow-derived macrophages was comparable. F. novicida LPS stimulated very modest in vitro proliferation of mouse splenocytes at high doses, but F. tularensis LVS LPS did not. Murine bone marrow macrophages treated in vitro with F. novicida LPS produced IL12 and TNF- alpha , but did not produce detectable interferon- gamma , IL10, or nitric oxide; in contrast, murine macrophages treated with F. tularensis LVS LPS produced none of these mediators. In contrast to clear differences in stimulation of proliferation and especially cytokines, both types of purified LPS stimulated early protection against lethal challenge of mice with F. tularensis LVS, but not against lethal challenge with F. novicida. Thus, although LPS recognition may not be a major factor in engendering protection, the ability of F. novicida LPS to stimulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines including TNF- alpha likely contributes to the increased virulence for mice of F. novicida compared to F. tularensis LVS. JF - Microbes and Infection AU - Kieffer, T L AU - Cowley, S AU - Nano, F E AU - Elkins, K L AD - Laboratory of Mycobacterial Diseases and Cellular Immunity, Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Products, CBER/FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, HFM 431, Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA, elkins@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 397 EP - 403 VL - 5 IS - 5 SN - 1286-4579, 1286-4579 KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18744319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbes+and+Infection&rft.atitle=Francisella+novicida+LPS+has+greater+immunobiological+activity+in+mice+than+F.+tularensis+LPS%2C+and+contributes+to+F.+novicida+murine+pathogenesis&rft.au=Kieffer%2C+T+L%3BCowley%2C+S%3BNano%2C+F+E%3BElkins%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Kieffer&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbes+and+Infection&rft.issn=12864579&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1286-4579%2803%2900052-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1286-4579(03)00052-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preventing collisions involving surface mining equipment: a GPS-based approach AN - 18742428; 5618446 AB - Problem: An average of three workers a year are killed in surface mining operations when a piece of haulage equipment collides with another smaller vehicle or a worker on foot. Another three workers are killed each year when haulage equipment backs over the edge of a dump point or stockpile. Devices to monitor the blind areas of mining equipment are needed to provide a warning to operators when a vehicle, person, or change in terrain is near the equipment. Method: A proximity warning system (PWS) based on the global positioning system (GPS) and peer-to-peer communication has been developed to prevent collisions between mining equipment, small vehicles, and stationary structures. Results: A final system was demonstrated using one off-highway haul truck, three smaller vehicles, and various stationary structures at a surface mining operation. The system successfully displayed the location of nearby vehicles and stationary structures and provided visual and audible warnings to the equipment operator when they were within a preset distance. Summary: Many surface mining operations already use GPS technology on their mobile equipment for tracking and dispatch. Our tests have shown that it is feasible to add proximity warning to these existing systems as a safety feature. Larger scale and long- term tests are needed to prove the technology adequately. Impact on Industry: A PWSs that incorporates a combination of technologies could significantly reduce accidents that involve collisions or driving over an edge at surface mining operations. JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Ruff, T M AU - Holden, T P AD - Spokane Research Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 315 East Montgometry Avenue, Spokane, WA 99207, USA, ter5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 175 EP - 181 VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - collision avoidance KW - global positioning systems KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18742428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.atitle=Preventing+collisions+involving+surface+mining+equipment%3A+a+GPS-based+approach&rft.au=Ruff%2C+T+M%3BHolden%2C+T+P&rft.aulast=Ruff&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0022-4375%2802%2900074-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4375(02)00074-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of opcA gene in Neisseria polysaccharea: interspecies diversity of Opc protein family AN - 18774864; 5643440 AB - The gene encoding the outer membrane adhesin/invasin protein OpcA was previously described in the genomes of two pathogenic Neisseria species, N. meningitidis (Nm) and N. gonorrhoeae (Ng). In order to understand the presence or absence of opcA in nonpathogenic Neisseria species, 13 strains of N. polysaccharea (Np), four strains of N. lactamica, three strains of N. subflava and nine strains of other species were examined by DNA hybridization, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nucleotide sequencing. The opcA gene was found in two Np strains (85322 and 89357). The Np-opcA gene is a novel member of this gene family with 93% homology to Ng-opcA. Comparison of opcA-surrounding regions among eight Neisseria strains revealed five types of genetic organization at the opcA locus in Neisseria, which result from insertion or deletion of genetic elements at the upstream region of opcA. Comparison of the deduced peptide sequences from two Np strains, two representative Ng strains, two representative Nm strains and 13 Nm sequence variants demonstrates interspecies diversity of the OpcA protein family with conserved transmembrane regions and species-specific polymorphism at the surface-exposed loops and periplasmic turns. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis and Northern blotting showed that Np-opcA was transcribable. From an alignment of the Np-OpcA and Ng-OpcA sequences against the three-dimensional crystal structure of Nm-OpcA we conclude that there is no obvious structural reason why these proteins would not be able to form stable, folded, outer membrane proteins. The data presented here provide additional information for understanding the distribution, variation and expression of opcA in Neisseria. JF - Gene AU - Zhu, P AU - Klutch, MJ AU - Derrick, J P AU - Prince, S M AU - Tsang, R S AU - Tsai, C AD - Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, tsai@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/03/27/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 27 SP - 31 EP - 40 VL - 307 IS - C SN - 0378-1119, 0378-1119 KW - OpcA protein KW - adhesin KW - amino acid sequence prediction KW - cDNA KW - invasin KW - nucleotide sequence KW - opcA gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18774864?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gene&rft.atitle=Identification+of+opcA+gene+in+Neisseria+polysaccharea%3A+interspecies+diversity+of+Opc+protein+family&rft.au=Zhu%2C+P%3BKlutch%2C+MJ%3BDerrick%2C+J+P%3BPrince%2C+S+M%3BTsang%2C+R+S%3BTsai%2C+C&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-03-27&rft.volume=307&rft.issue=C&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gene&rft.issn=03781119&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1119%2802%2901208-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1119(02)01208-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preliminary studies of offspring exposure to phenylbutazone and ivermectin during the perinatal period in a Holstein cow-calf model AN - 18743875; 5622887 AB - The pregnant Holstein cow and her newborn calf were evaluated as an animal model to study in utero and for lactational drug transfer and offspring exposure. A nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, phenylbutazone, and an antiparasitic drug, ivermectin, were tested in the model. Prior to parturition, pregnant cows were dosed orally to steady state with phenylbutazone at 4 g/day or given a single subcutaneous injection of 200 mu g ivermectin/kg body wt. The level of drug transferred to calves exposed in utero, in utero combined with lactational exposure, and via lactational exposure only, was measured from days 1 through 7 postpartum. At birth the plasma level in phenylbutazone-exposed calves was approximately one-half the dam's steady-state level. For ivermectin-exposed calves, plasma levels were at or below the limit of quantitation (0.5 ng/ml) at birth, suggesting that placental transfer of ivermectin is limited in the cow. For both drugs, rapid accumulation of the drug in calf plasma occurred with lactational exposure to a mean daily dose of 2 mu g ivermectin/kg body wt or 0.1 mg phenylbutazone/kg body wt/day for the first 7 days of life. The accumulation observed in the newborn calf is attributed to the lipid solubility and long elimination half-lives of these drugs. These results demonstrate that drug transfer and offspring exposure can be studied using the cow-calf model. The data also highlight the importance of considering not only the dose but also physicochemical characteristics and pharmacokinetics of the drug in the offspring when evaluating the safety of a newborn's exposure to a drug in breast milk. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Chamberlain, P L AU - Fowler, BA AU - Sexton, MJ AU - Peggins, JO AU - Bredow, Jv AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, United States Food and Drug Administration, 7500 Standish Place, Rockville, MD 20855, USA, pchambe@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/03/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 15 SP - 198 EP - 208 PB - Elsevier Science (USA) VL - 187 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - cattle KW - exposure KW - ivermectin KW - phenylbutazone KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18743875?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Preliminary+studies+of+offspring+exposure+to+phenylbutazone+and+ivermectin+during+the+perinatal+period+in+a+Holstein+cow-calf+model&rft.au=Chamberlain%2C+P+L%3BFowler%2C+BA%3BSexton%2C+MJ%3BPeggins%2C+JO%3BBredow%2C+Jv&rft.aulast=Chamberlain&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-03-15&rft.volume=187&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=198&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0041-008X%2802%2900074-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0041-008X(02)00074-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nucleoporation of dendritic cells: efficient gene transfer by electroporation into human monocyte-derived dendritic cells AN - 17843816; 5780135 AB - Dendritic cells (DCs) are ideal accessory cells in the developing field of gene therapy. Although viral transfection of DCs has become widespread, non-viral transfection of DCs has shown disappointing results. Recently, a new technique for transfecting primary cells has become available - the Amaxa Nucleofector super(TM). Here, we describe the use of this device in the successful non-viral transfection of human monocyte-derived DCs. Using enhanced green fluorescent protein as a reporter gene DCs were transfectable with efficiencies approaching 60%, remaining responsive to lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cytokine production in short-term experiments (though long-term functional assays were hampered by loss of viability). Although these data demonstrate the ease and efficiency with which human monocyte-derived DCs can now be non-virally transfected, they also suggest the limitations of this technology due to the gradual loss of cell viability. The potential use of this system in the development of DC-based cell and gene therapies will be hampered until cell viability can be maintained. JF - FEBS Letters AU - Lenz, P AU - Bacot, S M AU - Frazier-Jessen, M R AU - Feldman, G M AD - Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, HFM-564, Bldg. 29A, Rm 3C24, 29 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 2003/03/13/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 13 SP - 149 EP - 154 VL - 538 IS - 1-3 SN - 0014-5793, 0014-5793 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Dendritic cells KW - Electroporation KW - Gene therapy KW - Reporter gene KW - Transfection KW - Accessory cells KW - Green fluorescent protein KW - Cytokines KW - Monocytes KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 120:Genetic Engineering in Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17843816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEBS+Letters&rft.atitle=Nucleoporation+of+dendritic+cells%3A+efficient+gene+transfer+by+electroporation+into+human+monocyte-derived+dendritic+cells&rft.au=Lenz%2C+P%3BBacot%2C+S+M%3BFrazier-Jessen%2C+M+R%3BFeldman%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Lenz&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-03-13&rft.volume=538&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEBS+Letters&rft.issn=00145793&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0014-5793%2803%2900169-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dendritic cells; Monocytes; Transfection; Gene therapy; Electroporation; Cytokines; Accessory cells; Green fluorescent protein; Reporter gene DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00169-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modulation of cardiac Ca(V)1.2 channels by dihydropyridine and phosphatase inhibitor requires Ser-1142 in the domain III pore loop. AN - 73077458; 12601159 AB - Dihydropyridine-sensitive, voltage-activated calcium channels respond to membrane depolarization with two distinct modes of activity: short bursts of very short openings (mode 1) or repetitive openings of much longer duration (mode 2). Here we show that both the dihydropyridine, BayK8644 (BayK), and the inhibitor of SerThr protein phosphatases, okadaic acid, have identical effects on the gating of the recombinant cardiac calcium channel, Ca(V)1.2 (alpha(1)C). Each produced identical mode 2 gating in cell-attached patches, and each prevented rundown of channel activity when the membrane patch was excised into ATP-free solutions. These effects required Ser or Thr at position 1142 in the domain III pore loop between transmembrane segments S5 and S6, where dihydropyridines bind to the channel. Mutation of Ser-1142 to Ala or Cys produced channels with very low activity that could not be modulated by either BayK or okadaic acid. A molecular model of Ca(V)1.2 indicates that Ser-1142 is unlikely to be phosphorylated, and thus we conclude that BayK binding stabilizes mode 2 gating allosterically by either protecting a phospho Ser/Thr on the alpha(1)C subunit or mimicking phosphorylation at that site. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America AU - Erxleben, Christian AU - Gomez-Alegria, Claudio AU - Darden, Thomas AU - Mori, Yasuo AU - Birnbaumer, Lutz AU - Armstrong, David L AD - Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. Y1 - 2003/03/04/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 04 SP - 2929 EP - 2934 VL - 100 IS - 5 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - Calcium Channel Agonists KW - 0 KW - Calcium Channels KW - Calcium Channels, L-Type KW - Dihydropyridines KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - L-type calcium channel alpha(1C) KW - Okadaic Acid KW - 1W21G5Q4N2 KW - Threonine KW - 2ZD004190S KW - Serine KW - 452VLY9402 KW - 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester KW - 71145-03-4 KW - 1,4-dihydropyridine KW - 7M8K3P6I89 KW - Adenosine Triphosphate KW - 8L70Q75FXE KW - Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases KW - EC 3.1.3.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Protein Structure, Secondary KW - Calcium Channels -- metabolism KW - Models, Molecular KW - 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester -- pharmacology KW - Rabbits KW - Electrophysiology KW - Protein Binding KW - Calcium Channel Agonists -- pharmacology KW - Serine -- chemistry KW - Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Threonine -- chemistry KW - Phosphorylation KW - Transfection KW - Adenosine Triphosphate -- metabolism KW - Okadaic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Cell Membrane -- metabolism KW - Protein Structure, Tertiary KW - Time Factors KW - Mutation KW - Cell Line KW - Cricetinae KW - Dihydropyridines -- pharmacology KW - Calcium Channels, L-Type -- physiology KW - Calcium Channels, L-Type -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73077458?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Modulation+of+cardiac+Ca%28V%291.2+channels+by+dihydropyridine+and+phosphatase+inhibitor+requires+Ser-1142+in+the+domain+III+pore+loop.&rft.au=Erxleben%2C+Christian%3BGomez-Alegria%2C+Claudio%3BDarden%2C+Thomas%3BMori%2C+Yasuo%3BBirnbaumer%2C+Lutz%3BArmstrong%2C+David+L&rft.aulast=Erxleben&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft.date=2003-03-04&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2929&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-13 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Biol Chem. 1999 Nov 26;274(48):33851-4 [10567342] Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol. 1999;139:33-87 [10453692] Biochem J. 2000 May 1;347 Pt 3:829-36 [10769189] Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2000;16:521-55 [11031246] J Biol Chem. 2000 Dec 15;275(50):39710-7 [10984483] Circ Res. 2000 Dec 8;87(12):1095-102 [11110765] J Biol Chem. 2000 Dec 29;275(52):41504-11 [11022040] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Sep 25;98(20):11024-31 [11572963] Nature. 2001 Nov 1;414(6859):43-8 [11689936] Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2001 Dec;281(6):C1743-56 [11698232] J Physiol. 2001 Dec 1;537(Pt 2):363-70 [11731570] J Neurochem. 2002 Sep;82(5):1065-76 [12358754] J Biol Chem. 2002 Nov 29;277(48):45969-76 [12198115] J Physiol. 2002 Dec 1;545(Pt 2):399-406 [12456820] Nature. 1984 Oct 11-17;311(5986):538-44 [6207437] J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1986 Jul;18(7):691-710 [2427730] Mol Pharmacol. 1986 Dec;30(6):571-84 [2431263] J Physiol. 1986 Sep;378:31-51 [2432251] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Apr;84(8):2518-22 [2436233] Nature. 1988 Sep 22;335(6188):355-8 [2843772] Pflugers Arch. 1988 Aug;412(3):248-52 [2847114] Biochem J. 1988 Nov 15;256(1):283-90 [2851982] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Sep;86(17):6816-20 [2549550] Pflugers Arch. 1989 Jul;414(3):257-64 [2476713] Pflugers Arch. 1990 Sep;417(1):58-66 [1705699] Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1991 Jan;343(1):83-9 [1903188] J Physiol. 1991 Jan;432:23-43 [1653319] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1991;635:26-34 [1660238] J Physiol. 1992 Aug;454:673-88 [1335510] N Engl J Med. 1993 Apr 29;328(17):1244-51 [7681934] J Biol Chem. 1994 Jan 21;269(3):1635-40 [7507480] J Physiol. 1993 Oct;470:73-84 [8308752] Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Nov 11;22(22):4673-80 [7984417] Circ Res. 1995 Mar;76(3):335-42 [7859380] J Physiol. 1995 May 1;484 ( Pt 3):583-92 [7623278] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996 Jun 11;1281(2):205-12 [8664319] Biochem J. 1996 Sep 1;318 ( Pt 2):513-7 [8809040] J Biol Chem. 1997 Jan 31;272(5):2629-33 [9006896] J Mol Biol. 1997 Apr 18;267(5):1268-82 [9150411] Neuron. 1997 Jul;19(1):185-96 [9247274] J Gen Physiol. 1997 Nov;110(5):503-13 [9348323] Electrophoresis. 1997 Dec;18(15):2714-23 [9504803] Trends Pharmacol Sci. 1998 Mar;19(3):108-15 [9584627] J Biol Chem. 1998 Dec 25;273(52):34857-67 [9857013] Pflugers Arch. 1999 May;437(6):888-94 [10370067] Science. 1999 Jul 30;285(5428):763-6 [10427004] Nat Cell Biol. 2000 Mar;2(3):173-7 [10707089] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Beverages: bottled water. Direct final rule. AN - 73096154; 12625359 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is amending its bottled water quality standard regulations by establishing an allowable level for the contaminant uranium. As a consequence, bottled water manufacturers are required to monitor their finished bottled water products for uranium at least once each year under the current good manufacturing practice (CGMP) regulations for bottled water. Bottled water manufacturers are also required to monitor their source water for uranium as often as necessary, but at least once every 4 years unless they meet the criteria for the source water monitoring exemptions under the CGMP regulations. FDA will retain the existing allowable levels for combined radium-226/-228, gross alpha particle radioactivity, and beta particle and photon radioactivity. This direct final rule will ensure that the minimum quality of bottled water, as affected by uranium, combined radium-226/-228, gross alpha particle radioactivity, and beta particle and photon radioactivity, remains comparable with the quality of public drinking water that meets the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) standards. FDA is issuing a direct final rule for this action because the agency expects that there will be no significant adverse comment on this rule. Elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, FDA is publishing a companion proposed, rule under the agency's usual procedure for notice-and-comment rulemaking, to provide a procedural framework to finalize the rule in the event the agency receives any significant adverse comments and withdraws this direct final rule. The companion proposed rule and direct final rule are substantively identical. JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2003/03/03/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 03 SP - 9873 EP - 9882 VL - 68 IS - 41 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Water Pollutants, Radioactive KW - 0 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Uranium KW - 4OC371KSTK KW - Radium KW - W90AYD6R3Q KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Radium -- standards KW - Costs and Cost Analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- economics KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Water Pollution, Radioactive -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Humans KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Water Pollutants, Radioactive -- standards KW - Water Pollution, Radioactive -- economics KW - Consumer Product Safety -- standards KW - Uranium -- standards KW - Water -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73096154?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Beverages%3A+bottled+water.+Direct+final+rule.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2003-03-03&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=41&rft.spage=9873&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-21 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atenolol developmental toxicity: animal-to-human comparisons. AN - 73345294; 12797460 AB - Atenolol, 4-2'-hydroxy-3'-isopropyl-aminopropoxy) phenylacetamide, is a beta-adrenoreceptor blocker used for treatment of hypertension in pregnancy. Beta-blockers are reported to cause fetal harm (such as decreased birth weight) when administered to a pregnant woman. We evaluate published human and animal evidence of atenolol developmental toxicity and compare the manifestations in humans and in routinely-used animal models. The comparison is based on the following criteria: comparability of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic characteristics, type of adverse outcome, lowest adverse effect levels, and specificity and selectivity of effect. Manifestations of atenolol prenatal toxicity (placental changes, intrauterine growth retardation and changes in fetal weight in the absence of structural malformations) are similar in the tested animal species (rats and rabbits) and humans. The human seems to be more sensitive, however, because adverse embryo-fetal effects are reported at doses much lower than those in the tested species. In humans and rats, adverse embryo-fetal effects are induced by doses that are not maternally toxic. In the rabbit, however, such effects are seen only at maternally toxic doses, suggesting that in this species, developmental toxicity may be maternally mediated. The available data suggest animal-human concordance with regard to the nature and manifestations of atenolol prenatal toxicity. The animal models "predicted" developmental toxicity manifests as placental changes, intrauterine growth retardation and fetal weight decrease in the absence of structural malformations. Thus far, this is concordant with the data from humans, in whom intrauterine growth retardation has been observed but not structural abnormalities. JF - Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology AU - Tabacova, Sonia AU - Kimmel, Carole A AU - Wall, Kelly AU - Hansen, Deborah AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. tabacovas@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 181 EP - 192 VL - 67 IS - 3 SN - 1542-0752, 1542-0752 KW - Antihypertensive Agents KW - 0 KW - Teratogens KW - Atenolol KW - 50VV3VW0TI KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Models, Animal KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Rabbits KW - Species Specificity KW - Female KW - Antihypertensive Agents -- toxicity KW - Antihypertensive Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Atenolol -- toxicity KW - Atenolol -- pharmacokinetics KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73345294?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Birth+defects+research.+Part+A%2C+Clinical+and+molecular+teratology&rft.atitle=Atenolol+developmental+toxicity%3A+animal-to-human+comparisons.&rft.au=Tabacova%2C+Sonia%3BKimmel%2C+Carole+A%3BWall%2C+Kelly%3BHansen%2C+Deborah&rft.aulast=Tabacova&rft.aufirst=Sonia&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Birth+defects+research.+Part+A%2C+Clinical+and+molecular+teratology&rft.issn=15420752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oligohydrosis and fever in pediatric patients treated with zonisamide. AN - 73339597; 12770670 AB - Zonisamide is an antiepileptic drug developed and first marketed in Japan in 1989. Cases of oligohydrosis, characterized by deficient production and secretion of sweat, were reported in children treated with zonisamide in Japan during development and in the postmarketing period. Zonisamide was approved in the United States in March 2000 for adjunctive treatment of partial seizures in adults. Searching the Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Events Reporting System, we identified six domestic cases of zonisamide-associated oligohydrosis and/or fever, all in patients or = 10,000 MLD/mL toxicity. The amp-ELISA detection sensitivity for low toxin samples was 92.3% in TPGY and 99.4% in CMM. The false-positive rate ranged from 1.5% for type A to 28.6% for type F in TPGY, and from 2.4% for type A to 11.4% for type F in CMM. Most of the cross-reactivity was due to detection of other botulinal types, especially in high toxin samples. The amp-ELISA could be used to screen suspect cultures for botulinal toxins. Positive amp-ELISA samples would be confirmed by the AOAC reference method. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Ferreira, Joseph L AU - Maslanka, Susan AU - Johnson, Eric AU - Goodnough, Mike AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 60 8th St. NE, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA. jferreir@ora.fda.gov PY - 2003 SP - 314 EP - 331 VL - 86 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Neurotoxins KW - botulinum toxin type F KW - rimabotulinumtoxinB KW - 0Y70779M1F KW - Botulinum Toxins KW - EC 3.4.24.69 KW - Botulinum Toxins, Type A KW - botulinum toxin type E KW - T579M564JY KW - Index Medicus KW - Clostridium -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Biological Assay KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Mice KW - Clostridium -- chemistry KW - Botulinum Toxins -- analysis KW - Neurotoxins -- analysis KW - Botulinum Toxins, Type A -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73253694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Detection+of+botulinal+neurotoxins+A%2C+B%2C+E%2C+and+F+by+amplified+enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assay%3A+collaborative+study.&rft.au=Ferreira%2C+Joseph+L%3BMaslanka%2C+Susan%3BJohnson%2C+Eric%3BGoodnough%2C+Mike&rft.aulast=Ferreira&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=314&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-14 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The interplay of genetic and environmental factors in craniofacial morphogenesis: holoprosencephaly and the role of cholesterol. AN - 73200683; 12692399 AB - Cyclopia, the paradigmatic "face [that] predicts the brain" in severe holoprosencephaly (HPE) (DeMyer et al., 1964), has been recognized since ancient times. Descriptive embryologists and pathologists have noted the continuum of defective separation of the forebrain and loss of central nervous system (CNS) midline structures for more than a century. It has been recognized more recently that inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis, whether consumed in native plants by range sheep, or experimentally applied to early embryos, could phenocopy the natural malformation, as could a variety of other teratogens (maternal diabetes, alcohol). Yet it has been less than a decade that the genomic knowledge base and powerful analytic methods have brought the sciences of descriptive, molecular, and genetic embryology within range of each other. In this review, we discuss the clinical presentations and pathogenesis of HPE. We will outline various genetic and teratogenic mechanisms leading to HPE. Lastly, we will attempt to examine the pivotal role of cholesterol and the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) pathway in this disorder and in normal embryonic forebrain development. JF - Congenital anomalies AU - Edison, Robin AU - Muenke, Maximilian AD - Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA. Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 1 EP - 21 VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0914-3505, 0914-3505 KW - Hedgehog Proteins KW - 0 KW - SHH protein, human KW - Trans-Activators KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Index Medicus KW - Environment KW - Animals KW - Age Factors KW - Facies KW - Sheep KW - Mothers KW - Humans KW - Morphogenesis KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Models, Biological KW - Maternal Exposure KW - Infant KW - Trans-Activators -- genetics KW - Central Nervous System -- abnormalities KW - Chromosome Aberrations KW - Prosencephalon -- abnormalities KW - Models, Chemical KW - Time Factors KW - Prosencephalon -- embryology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cytogenetics KW - Cholesterol -- physiology KW - Holoprosencephaly -- diagnosis KW - Cholesterol -- metabolism KW - Holoprosencephaly -- etiology KW - Holoprosencephaly -- genetics KW - Holoprosencephaly -- embryology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73200683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+pathology&rft.atitle=New+insights+into+the+role+of+nuclear+factor-kappaB+in+cell+growth+regulation.&rft.au=Chen%2C+F%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BShi%2C+X&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+pathology&rft.issn=00029440&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Troglitazone-induced liver failure: a case study. AN - 73179544; 12681458 AB - Troglitazone was removed from the U.S. market because its use was associated with an increased risk of liver failure. We evaluated the clinical features of all cases reported to the Food and Drug Administration and estimated the duration and magnitude of the risk of liver failure associated with continued use of the drug. Data from cases of liver failure associated with troglitazone use were abstracted and analyzed. The extent of troglitazone use was determined from national marketing data, and the duration of use was estimated with data from a large, multistate, health care company. Survival analysis was performed to estimate monthly incidence rates and the cumulative risk of liver failure. Ninety-four cases of liver failure (89 acute, 5 chronic) were reported. Of the acute cases, 58 (67%) were women and only 11 (13%) recovered without liver transplantation. Progression from normal hepatic functioning to irreversible liver injury occurred within 1 month in 19 patients who were indistinguishable clinically from the 70 patients who had an unknown time course to irreversibility, except for the post hoc observation that prior cholecystectomy was less common in those with rapid onset. The incidence of liver failure was elevated from the first through at least the 26th month of troglitazone use. Accounting for case underreporting, the number needed to harm from troglitazone use was between 600 to 1500 patients at 26 months. The progression to irreversible liver injury probably occurred within a 1-month interval in most patients, casting doubt on the value of monthly monitoring of serum aminotransferase levels as a means of preventing troglitazone-induced acute liver failure. The cumulative risk of hepatic failure increased with continued use. JF - The American journal of medicine AU - Graham, David J AU - Green, Lanh AU - Senior, John R AU - Nourjah, Parivash AD - Office of Drug Safety, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane, HFD-400, Room 15B-32, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. grahamd@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 299 EP - 306 VL - 114 IS - 4 SN - 0002-9343, 0002-9343 KW - Chromans KW - 0 KW - Thiazoles KW - Thiazolidinediones KW - troglitazone KW - I66ZZ0ZN0E KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Probability KW - Odds Ratio KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Liver Function Tests KW - Liver Failure -- epidemiology KW - Risk Assessment KW - Age Distribution KW - Registries KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 -- drug therapy KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Drug and Narcotic Control KW - Survival Rate KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Liver Failure -- chemically induced KW - Middle Aged KW - Chronic Disease KW - Sex Distribution KW - Male KW - Female KW - Thiazoles -- administration & dosage KW - Liver Failure, Acute -- chemically induced KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- etiology KW - Liver Failure, Acute -- epidemiology KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- epidemiology KW - Thiazoles -- adverse effects KW - Chromans -- administration & dosage KW - Chromans -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73179544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+medicine&rft.atitle=Troglitazone-induced+liver+failure%3A+a+case+study.&rft.au=Graham%2C+David+J%3BGreen%2C+Lanh%3BSenior%2C+John+R%3BNourjah%2C+Parivash&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+medicine&rft.issn=00029343&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-24 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The protective effects of Propolis on hepatic injury and its mechanism. AN - 73150262; 12672155 AB - AbstractPropolis (PP) is a sticky substance that is collected from plants by honeybees. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of PP on hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen (AA, paracetamol) and the mechanism of its hepatoprotective effect. In rat hepatocyte culture, pretreatment with PP (1, 10, 100, 200 and 400 microg/mL, 24 h) significantly decreased the cytotoxicity of AA (0.5 mm) in a dose-dependent manner. In mice, pretreatment with PP (10 and 25 mg/kg, p.o., 7 days) also decreased the mortality and the incidence and severity of hepatic necrosis induced by AA (400 mg/kg, i.p.). After treatment with PP for 7 days, the hepatic enzyme activities of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), UDP-glucuronyltransferase, phenolsulphotransferase (PST), glutathione S-transferase (GST) were measured in both rats and mice. In rats, PP (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) decreased the activity of P4502E1, but significantly increased the activities of GST and PST. On the other hand, in mice treated with PP (10 and 25 mg/kg, p.o.), the activities of P4501A2, 2B1, 3A4 and 2E1 were dramatically inhibited, and the activity of PST was significantly enhanced. These results suggest that PP has a protective effect on hepatic injury, and that its effect may be explained by inhibition of phase I enzymes and induction of phase II enzymes. Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JF - Phytotherapy research : PTR AU - Seo, Kyung Won AU - Park, Mijung AU - Song, Yeon Jung AU - Kim, Sung-Jin AU - Yoon, Kwang Ro AD - Toxicology Department, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, 5 Nokbundong, Eunpyunggu, Seoul 122-020, Korea. kwseo@kfda.go.kr Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 250 EP - 253 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0951-418X, 0951-418X KW - Protective Agents KW - 0 KW - Acetaminophen KW - 362O9ITL9D KW - Propolis KW - 9009-62-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Mice, Inbred ICR KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Microsomes, Liver -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Protective Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Propolis -- pharmacology KW - Propolis -- administration & dosage KW - Phytotherapy KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Propolis -- therapeutic use KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- pathology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Protective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Protective Agents -- pharmacology KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73150262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytotherapy+research+%3A+PTR&rft.atitle=The+protective+effects+of+Propolis+on+hepatic+injury+and+its+mechanism.&rft.au=Seo%2C+Kyung+Won%3BPark%2C+Mijung%3BSong%2C+Yeon+Jung%3BKim%2C+Sung-Jin%3BYoon%2C+Kwang+Ro&rft.aulast=Seo&rft.aufirst=Kyung&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=250&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytotherapy+research+%3A+PTR&rft.issn=0951418X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interleukin-4 receptor-targeted cytotoxin therapy of androgen-dependent and -independent prostate carcinoma in xenograft models. AN - 73149022; 12657719 AB - Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed solid tumors in United States men. Survival with advanced prostate cancer is dismal because of a lack of effective treatments. Overexpression of interleukin 4 receptors (IL-4R) on prostate carcinoma cells makes them suitable targets for the interleukin 4 (IL-4) fused Pseudomonas exotoxin, IL-4 cytotoxin (IL4-CTx). Androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and -independent (DU145) human prostate cancer cell lines overexpress IL-4Rs and are exquisitely sensitive to IL4-CTx. Using LNCaP and DU145 cell lines, IC(50) values of 4.5 +/- 2.0 and 6.5 +/- 0.5 ng/ml, respectively, were obtained for IL4-CTx in protein synthesis inhibition assays. Primary cultures established from prostate tumor biopsies were equally sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of IL4-CTx. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis, although not quantitative, indicated the presence of mRNA for IL-4Ralpha, a primary subunit of the IL-4R receptor complex in prostate carcinoma cell lines, primary cultures, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostate carcinoma tissues. Immunohistochemistry studies revealed the presence of IL-4R in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate carcinomas. Five daily (QD) injections of IL4-CTx (100 micro g/kg) administered i.v., i.p., or intratumoral (i.t.) caused several complete responses in nude mice with s.c. DU145 and LNCaP tumors. i.t. injections of IL4-CTx elicited tumor regression in a dose-dependent manner with complete responses occurring in 100% of the animals when treated with IL4-CTx (500 micro g/kg) given five QD injections. Administration of IL4-CTx i.t. (500 micro g/kg) either 10 times QD or six injections on alternate days elicited complete responses in 40% of mice with DU145 tumors that were three times larger (67 mm(2)) on initiation of treatments. IL4-CTx appeared to be well tolerated. On the basis of these results, combining i.t. injections of IL4-CTx with systemic administration may provide an effective strategy for treating patients with advanced, refractory prostate cancer. JF - Molecular cancer therapeutics AU - Husain, Syed R AU - Kawakami, Koji AU - Kawakami, Mariko AU - Puri, Raj K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 245 EP - 254 VL - 2 IS - 3 SN - 1535-7163, 1535-7163 KW - Immunotoxins KW - 0 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Interleukin-4 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - interleukin 4 (38-37)-PE38KDEL KW - Interleukin-4 KW - 207137-56-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- transplantation KW - Mice KW - Mice, Nude KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Interleukin-4 -- metabolism KW - Necrosis KW - Receptors, Interleukin-4 -- metabolism KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Transfection KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Transplantation, Heterologous KW - Immunoenzyme Techniques KW - Male KW - Recombinant Proteins -- therapeutic use KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Prostatic Hyperplasia -- drug therapy KW - Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent -- metabolism KW - Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent -- drug therapy KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Prostatic Hyperplasia -- metabolism KW - Immunotoxins -- therapeutic use KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Prostatic Hyperplasia -- genetics KW - Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73149022?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+cancer+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Interleukin-4+receptor-targeted+cytotoxin+therapy+of+androgen-dependent+and+-independent+prostate+carcinoma+in+xenograft+models.&rft.au=Husain%2C+Syed+R%3BKawakami%2C+Koji%3BKawakami%2C+Mariko%3BPuri%2C+Raj+K&rft.aulast=Husain&rft.aufirst=Syed&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+cancer+therapeutics&rft.issn=15357163&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-11 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improving the quality of adverse drug reaction reporting by 4th-year medical students. AN - 73129900; 12642973 AB - Evaluate whether a 15-minute lecture intervention will improve adverse drug reaction reporting quality on standard MedWatch forms. Seventy-eight 4th-year medical students were randomized to intervention 'Group-A' or non-intervention 'Group-B' on the first day of a required five-day clinical pharmacology rotation. Group-A participants attended a 15-minute lecture on completing a MedWatch form with quality information considered by the Food and Drug Administration as critical to adequate adverse drug reaction reporting. Group-B participants did not attend this lecture. Both groups then watched a standardized patient interview of a recognizable adverse drug reaction and completed MedWatch forms. Four Safety Evaluators from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) rated student responses in a blinded fashion for the primary efficacy variable of Overall Impression and six informational domins using a standardized data quality analysis form that was developed within the Office of Postmarketing Drug Risk Assessment of the FDA. Seventy-eight MedWatch forms were evaluated (Group-A = 40, Group B = 38). Overall MedWatch information quality scores for the intervention group were significantly higher than the non-intervention group (p < 0.004). As little as a 15-minute intervention can significantly improve the quality of adverse drug reaction reporting by 4th-year medical students. Academic medical centers should consider incorporating adverse drug reaction reporting curriculum into the clinical training of medical students. JF - Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety AU - Rosebraugh, Curtis J AU - Tsong, Yi AU - Zhou, Feng AU - Chen, Min AU - Mackey, Ann Corken AU - Flowers, Charlene AU - Toyer, Denise AU - Flockhart, David A AU - Honig, Peter K AD - United States Food and Drug Administration, Room 10B-45, HFD-570, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. RosebraughC@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 97 EP - 101 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 1053-8569, 1053-8569 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Students, Medical -- statistics & numerical data KW - Male KW - Female KW - Quality Assurance, Health Care KW - Education, Medical KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73129900?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+drug+safety&rft.atitle=Improving+the+quality+of+adverse+drug+reaction+reporting+by+4th-year+medical+students.&rft.au=Rosebraugh%2C+Curtis+J%3BTsong%2C+Yi%3BZhou%2C+Feng%3BChen%2C+Min%3BMackey%2C+Ann+Corken%3BFlowers%2C+Charlene%3BToyer%2C+Denise%3BFlockhart%2C+David+A%3BHonig%2C+Peter+K&rft.aulast=Rosebraugh&rft.aufirst=Curtis&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+drug+safety&rft.issn=10538569&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-03 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation and interlaboratory validation of a selective agar for phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C activity using a chromogenic substrate to detect Listeria monocytogenes from foods. AN - 73100260; 12636298 AB - Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) activity is a potential virulence factor and is exhibited only by the Listeria species Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria ivanovii. A chromogenic substrate for the direct detection of PI-PLC activity is available in a new medium (BCM L. monocytogenes plating agar). The use of a chromogenic substrate offers a mechanism with which to directly screen for L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii other than the esculin used in Oxford (OXF) and Palcam (PAL) agars, which screen for all Listeria species. The specificity levels of BCM plating agar and of BCM confirmation and rhamnose agars were evaluated with 107 Listeria and 10 Bacillus species isolates. In addition, BCM L. monocytogenes plating agar was compared with standard Listeria selective agars (OXF and PAL agars) with regard to the recovery of L. monocytogenes from 2,000 food and environmental samples obtained from eight participating laboratories. A Listeria species was isolated from at least one of the agars in 209 analyses, and L. monocytogenes was isolated in 135 of these analyses. In 27 of the analyses in which L. monocytogenes was isolated, one or more of the selective differential agars used failed to isolate L. monocytogenes, and therefore the results of these analyses were discrepant. Relative to a reference method involving the use of all three agars (OXF, PAL, and BCM agars), the OXF-BCM, PAL-BCM, and OXF-PAL combinations had sensitivities of 99.3, 99.2, and 90.2%, respectively. In statistical analyses of the different combinations of agars, the OXF-BCM and BCM-PAL combinations were found to be superior to the OXF-PAL combination for the detection of L. monocytogenes. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Jinneman, Karen C AU - Hunt, Jan M AU - Eklund, Cheryl A AU - Wernberg, Jane S AU - Sado, Patricia N AU - Johnson, Janelle M AU - Richter, Richelle S AU - Torres, Selene T AU - Ayotte, Eugene AU - Eliasberg, Stacey J AU - Istafanos, Phillip AU - Bass, Deborah AU - Kexel-Calabresa, Nancy AU - Lin, Wen AU - Barton, Curtis N AD - Food and Drug Administration, Office of Regulatory Affairs, Pacific Regional Laboratory-Northwest, 22201 23rd Drive S.E., Bothell, Washington 98021, USA. kjinnema@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 441 EP - 445 VL - 66 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Chromogenic Compounds KW - 0 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Agar KW - 9002-18-0 KW - Type C Phospholipases KW - EC 3.1.4.- KW - Phosphoinositide Phospholipase C KW - EC 3.1.4.11 KW - Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase KW - EC 4.6.1.13 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Food Microbiology KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- isolation & purification KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- enzymology KW - Type C Phospholipases -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73100260?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Evaluation+and+interlaboratory+validation+of+a+selective+agar+for+phosphatidylinositol-specific+phospholipase+C+activity+using+a+chromogenic+substrate+to+detect+Listeria+monocytogenes+from+foods.&rft.au=Jinneman%2C+Karen+C%3BHunt%2C+Jan+M%3BEklund%2C+Cheryl+A%3BWernberg%2C+Jane+S%3BSado%2C+Patricia+N%3BJohnson%2C+Janelle+M%3BRichter%2C+Richelle+S%3BTorres%2C+Selene+T%3BAyotte%2C+Eugene%3BEliasberg%2C+Stacey+J%3BIstafanos%2C+Phillip%3BBass%2C+Deborah%3BKexel-Calabresa%2C+Nancy%3BLin%2C+Wen%3BBarton%2C+Curtis+N&rft.aulast=Jinneman&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=441&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of carbon thirteen nuclear magnetic resonance spectra to predict dioxin and furan binding affinities to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. AN - 73084178; 12627635 AB - Four spectroscopic data-activity relationship (SDAR) models for polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) have been developed based on simulated 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. Models were developed using discriminant function analysis of the compounds' spectral data. An SDAR model with two classifications for 26 PCDF compounds had a leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validation accuracy of 89%. A two-classification SDAR model for 14 PCDD compounds had LOO cross-validation accuracy of 95%. A two-classification SDAR model combining 14 PCDD and 26 PCDF compounds had LOO cross-validation accuracy of 88%, while a four-classification SDAR model based on the same 14 PCDD and 26 PCDF compounds had LOO cross-validation accuracy of 92%. We used each appropriate SDAR model to classify 41 PCDD and/or 121 PCDF compounds with unknown binding affinities to the AhR. The SDAR models provide a rapid, simple, and valid way to model the PCDF and PCDD binding activity in relation to the AhR. JF - Environmental toxicology and chemistry AU - Shade, Lindsay AU - Beger, Richard D AU - Wilkes, Jon G AD - Division of Chemistry, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 501 EP - 509 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Benzofurans KW - 0 KW - Carbon Isotopes KW - Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon KW - Index Medicus KW - Computer Simulation KW - Forecasting KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- analogs & derivatives KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- chemistry KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon -- metabolism KW - Models, Biological KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- metabolism KW - Benzofurans -- metabolism KW - Benzofurans -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73084178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+toxicology+and+chemistry&rft.atitle=The+use+of+carbon+thirteen+nuclear+magnetic+resonance+spectra+to+predict+dioxin+and+furan+binding+affinities+to+the+aryl+hydrocarbon+receptor.&rft.au=Shade%2C+Lindsay%3BBeger%2C+Richard+D%3BWilkes%2C+Jon+G&rft.aulast=Shade&rft.aufirst=Lindsay&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+toxicology+and+chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HLA-DPB1 and chronic beryllium disease: a HuGE review. AN - 73076938; 12615603 AB - The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex is a series of genes located on chromosome 6 that are important in normal immune function. Susceptibility to chronic beryllium disease, a granulomatous lung disease that appears in workers exposed to beryllium, is modified by genetic variants of the HLA-DP subregion. Evaluation of HLA-DPB1 sequence motifs in current and former beryllium workers implicated a glutamic acid residue at position 69 (HLA-DPB1(Glu69)) in chronic beryllium disease. This finding has since been extended to specific HLA-DPB1(Glu69) alleles. Specific job tasks have also been implicated in degree of risk, and in this paper the authors explore gene-environment interaction. The utility of this genetic information for prospective, current, and former beryllium workers must be weighed against the potential for employment and insurance discrimination. Continued research in the beryllium-exposed population will be important for improving personal risk assessment and identifying high-risk genes associated with disease progression. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - McCanlies, Erin C AU - Kreiss, Kathleen AU - Andrew, Michael AU - Weston, Ainsley AD - Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. eim4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/03/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 01 SP - 388 EP - 398 VL - 157 IS - 5 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - HLA-DP Antigens KW - 0 KW - HLA-DP beta-Chains KW - HLA-DPB1 antigen KW - Index Medicus KW - Genetic Variation KW - Genetic Testing KW - Humans KW - Chronic Disease KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 KW - Occupational Diseases -- genetics KW - Berylliosis -- epidemiology KW - HLA-DP Antigens -- genetics KW - Berylliosis -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73076938?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=HLA-DPB1+and+chronic+beryllium+disease%3A+a+HuGE+review.&rft.au=McCanlies%2C+Erin+C%3BKreiss%2C+Kathleen%3BAndrew%2C+Michael%3BWeston%2C+Ainsley&rft.aulast=McCanlies&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=388&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Promoting the appropriate use of oral antibiotics: there is some very good news. AN - 73067094; 12612251 JF - Pediatrics AU - Bauchner, Howard AU - Besser, Richard E AD - Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Boston University School of Medicine/Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA. howard.bauchner@bmc.org Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 668 EP - 670 VL - 111 IS - 3 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Humans KW - Practice Patterns, Physicians' -- trends KW - Child KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Practice Patterns, Physicians' -- statistics & numerical data KW - Prevalence KW - Drug Resistance, Multiple KW - Drug Prescriptions -- statistics & numerical data KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- adverse effects KW - Drug Resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73067094?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Promoting+the+appropriate+use+of+oral+antibiotics%3A+there+is+some+very+good+news.&rft.au=Bauchner%2C+Howard%3BBesser%2C+Richard+E&rft.aulast=Bauchner&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1472-765X.2001.00957.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cross-sectional survey of the extent and indicators of hepatitis C virus infection in Houston Department of Health and Human Services' sexually transmitted disease clinics. AN - 73060262; 12614470 AB - To evaluate the prevalence and indicators of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Houston and determine the effectiveness of targeted HCV screening in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics. We performed a cross-sectional survey in low-risk and high-risk groups in Houston. This included a blinded survey of HCV conducted in 1010 STD clinic clients having serological syphilis tests, and 1885 multi-speciality group practice patients having metabolic blood work. This was followed with a targeted hepatitis C survey of 822 high-risk clients from STD clinics. The seroprevalence of hepatitis C infection in the blinded survey was 3.9% (95% CI 3.0-4.8) in the multi-speciality group and 5.0% (95% CI 3.7-6.3) in the STD clinics. Prevalence of hepatitis C infection among targeted STD clinic clients was significantly higher at 15.3% (95% CI 12.7-17.7). Risk factors that correlated with HCV infection after logistic regression included: injection drug use (OR = 10, 95% CI = 3.4-30.3), heroin use (OR = 6.6, 95% CI = 2.2-20.5), non-transfusion/ transplantation blood exposure (OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.3-6.9), sharing equipment to snort drugs (OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.2-5.4), and age above 25 years (OR = 51, 95% CI = 9-47). This study demonstrates that targeting clients in STD clinics for known risk behaviours is an effective way to identify cases of HCV infection. STD clinics allow access to clients with both drug use and sexual risk behaviours and are a useful location for targeting hepatitis C screening and prevention efforts. JF - Journal of viral hepatitis AU - D'Souza, G AU - Arafat, R AU - Hwang, L AU - Cunningham, C AU - Shah, S AU - Reynolds, K AD - Houston Department of Health and Human Services, Bureau of Epidemiology and Bureau of HIV/STD, Houston, TX 77054, USA. Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 134 EP - 140 VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 1352-0504, 1352-0504 KW - Hepatitis C Antibodies KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk-Taking KW - Texas -- epidemiology KW - Hepatitis C Antibodies -- blood KW - Humans KW - Seroepidemiologic Studies KW - Child KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- virology KW - Logistic Models KW - Adult KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous KW - Prevalence KW - Hepatitis C -- virology KW - Hepatitis C -- diagnosis KW - Hepacivirus -- isolation & purification KW - Hepatitis C -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73060262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+viral+hepatitis&rft.atitle=Cross-sectional+survey+of+the+extent+and+indicators+of+hepatitis+C+virus+infection+in+Houston+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services%27+sexually+transmitted+disease+clinics.&rft.au=D%27Souza%2C+G%3BArafat%2C+R%3BHwang%2C+L%3BCunningham%2C+C%3BShah%2C+S%3BReynolds%2C+K&rft.aulast=D%27Souza&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=134&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+viral+hepatitis&rft.issn=13520504&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-24 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Substance abuse treatment need among older adults in 2020: the impact of the aging baby-boom cohort. AN - 73055931; 12609694 AB - There is concern that as the baby boom population ages in the US, there will be a substantial increase in the number of older adults needing treatment for substance abuse problems. To address this concern, projections of future treatment need for older adults (defined as age 50 and older) were made. Using data from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, regression models including predictors of treatment need in 2000 and 2001 were developed. Treatment need was defined as having a DSM-IV alcohol or illicit drug use disorder in the past year. Regression parameters from these models were applied to the projected 2020 population to obtain estimates of the number of older adults needing treatment in 2020. The number of older adults in need of substance abuse treatment is estimated to increase from 1.7 million in 2000 and 2001 to 4.4 million in 2020. This is due to a 50 percent increase in the number of older adults and a 70 percent increase in the rate of treatment need among older adults. The aging baby boom cohort will place increasing demands on the substance abuse treatment system in the next two decades, requiring a shift in focus to address the special needs of an older population of substance abusers. There is also a need to develop improved tools for measuring substance use and abuse among older adults. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. JF - Drug and alcohol dependence AU - Gfroerer, Joseph AU - Penne, Michael AU - Pemberton, Michael AU - Folsom, Ralph AD - Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Room 16-105, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. jgfroere@samhsa.gov Y1 - 2003/03/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 01 SP - 127 EP - 135 VL - 69 IS - 2 SN - 0376-8716, 0376-8716 KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Forecasting KW - Data Collection KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Cohort Effect KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- therapy KW - Health Services Needs and Demand -- trends KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73055931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+and+alcohol+dependence&rft.atitle=Substance+abuse+treatment+need+among+older+adults+in+2020%3A+the+impact+of+the+aging+baby-boom+cohort.&rft.au=Gfroerer%2C+Joseph%3BPenne%2C+Michael%3BPemberton%2C+Michael%3BFolsom%2C+Ralph&rft.aulast=Gfroerer&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=167&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1482&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrate in public water supplies and risk of bladder cancer. AN - 73054173; 12606884 AB - Nitrate is a precursor compound in the formation of N-nitroso compounds, most of which are potent animal carcinogens. N-nitroso compounds and their precursors have not been extensively evaluated as bladder cancer risk factors. We conducted a population-based case-control study of bladder cancer in Iowa. Cases were men and women newly diagnosed with bladder cancer in 1986-1989. Nitrate data for Iowa public water supplies were sparse before the 1960s. To reduce misclassification by unknown nitrate levels, we included only those who used public supplies with nitrate data for 70% or more of their person-years since 1960 (808 cases, 1259 controls). Among controls, the median average nitrate level for their Iowa residences with public water supplies was 1.3 mg/liter nitrate-nitrogen (interquartile range = 0.6-3.0). After adjustment for confounders, we found no increased risk of bladder cancer with increasing average nitrate levels in drinking water; the highest quartile odds ratio for women was 0.8 (95% confidence interval = 0.4-0.8), and for men 0.5 (0.4-0.8). We observed no association among those with high water nitrate exposure (>median) and low (3-beta-glucans induces greater pulmonary toxicity than soluble 1-->3-beta-glucans in rats. AN - 73015203; 12587289 AB - 1-->3-beta-Glucans, derived from the inner cell wall of yeasts and fungi, are commonly found in indoor air dust samples and have been implicated in organic dust toxic syndrome. In a previous study, it was reported that 1-->3-beta-glucan (zymosan A) induced acute pulmonary inflammation in rats. This study investigates which form of 1-->3-beta-glucans, particulate or soluble, is more potent in inducing pulmonary inflammation. Zymosan A was suspended in 0.25 N NaOH for 30 min, neutralized, dialyzed for 2 d using deionized water, and particulate and soluble fractions were collected. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed via intratracheal instillation to NaOH-soluble or NaOH-insoluble zymosan A. At 18 h postexposure, various indicators of pulmonary response were monitored, including indicators of lung damage, such as serum albumin concentration and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in acellular bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Inflammation was characterized by an increase in lavageable polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Pulmonary irritation (breathing frequency increase) and oxidant production (nitric oxide and chemiluminescence, CL) were also monitored. Exposure to the particulate form of NaOH-treated zymosan produced a significant increase in all these indicators. In contrast, rats exposed to the NaOH-soluble fraction were not markedly affected except for LDH, PMN, and CL. However, these increases were significantly less than with exposure to NaOH-insoluble zymosan. Therefore, results demonstrate that particulate zymosan A is more potent in inducing pulmonary inflammation and damage in rats than the soluble form of this beta-glucan. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Young, Shih-Houng AU - Robinson, Victor A AU - Barger, Mark AU - Whitmer, Michael AU - Porter, Dale W AU - Frazer, David G AU - Castranova, Vincent AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS 2027, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. syoung@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01/10/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 10 SP - 25 EP - 38 VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Serum Albumin KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Zymosan KW - 9010-72-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Nitric Oxide -- analysis KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Serum Albumin -- analysis KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- chemistry KW - Luminescent Measurements KW - Trachea -- drug effects KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Inflammation KW - Respiration -- drug effects KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Zymosan -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73015203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+particulate+1--%26gt%3B3-beta-glucans+induces+greater+pulmonary+toxicity+than+soluble+1--%26gt%3B3-beta-glucans+in+rats.&rft.au=Young%2C+Shih-Houng%3BRobinson%2C+Victor+A%3BBarger%2C+Mark%3BWhitmer%2C+Michael%3BPorter%2C+Dale+W%3BFrazer%2C+David+G%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Shih-Houng&rft.date=2003-01-10&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-13 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer and other causes of mortality among radiologic technologists in the United States. AN - 72882376; 12455042 AB - Data are limited on the role of chronic exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation in the etiology of cancer. In a nationwide cohort of 146,022 U.S. radiologic technologists (73% female), we evaluated mortality risks in relation to work characteristics. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were computed to compare mortality in the total cohort vs. the general population of the United States. Mortality risks were low for all causes (SMR = 0.76) and for all cancers (SMR = 0.82) among the radiologic technologists. We also calculated relative risks (RR) for the 90,305 technologists who responded to a baseline mailed questionnaire, using Poisson regression models, adjusted for known risk factors. Risks were higher for all cancers (RR = 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.93-1.69) and breast cancer (RR = 2.92, 95% CI = 1.22-7.00) among radiologic technologists first employed prior to 1940 compared to those first employed in 1960 or later, and risks declined with more recent calendar year of first employment (p-trend = 0.04 and 0.002, respectively), irrespective of employment duration. Risk for the combined category of acute lymphocytic, acute myeloid and chronic myeloid leukemias was increased among those first employed prior to 1950 (RR = 1.64, 95% CI = 0.42-6.31) compared to those first employed in 1950 or later. Risks rose for breast cancer (p-trend = 0.018) and for acute lymphocytic, acute myeloid and chronic myeloid leukemias (p-trend = 0.05) with increasing duration of employment as a radiologic technologist prior to 1950. The elevated mortality risks for breast cancer and for the combined group of acute lymphocytic, acute myeloid and chronic myeloid leukemias are consistent with a radiation etiology given greater occupational exposures to ionizing radiation prior to 1950 than in more recent times. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - International journal of cancer AU - Mohan, Aparna K AU - Hauptmann, Michael AU - Freedman, D Michal AU - Ron, Elaine AU - Matanoski, Genevieve M AU - Lubin, Jay H AU - Alexander, Bruce H AU - Boice, John D AU - Doody, Michele Morin AU - Linet, Martha S AD - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-7244, USA. mohan@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/01/10/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 10 SP - 259 EP - 267 VL - 103 IS - 2 SN - 0020-7136, 0020-7136 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cause of Death KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Mortality KW - Radiology -- manpower KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- mortality KW - Technology, Radiologic KW - Radiation, Ionizing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72882376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+cancer&rft.atitle=Cancer+and+other+causes+of+mortality+among+radiologic+technologists+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Mohan%2C+Aparna+K%3BHauptmann%2C+Michael%3BFreedman%2C+D+Michal%3BRon%2C+Elaine%3BMatanoski%2C+Genevieve+M%3BLubin%2C+Jay+H%3BAlexander%2C+Bruce+H%3BBoice%2C+John+D%3BDoody%2C+Michele+Morin%3BLinet%2C+Martha+S&rft.aulast=Mohan&rft.aufirst=Aparna&rft.date=2003-01-10&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+cancer&rft.issn=00207136&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to particulate 1 arrow right 3- beta -glucans induces greater pulmonary toxicity than soluble 1 arrow right 3- beta -glucans in rats AN - 18805325; 5684510 AB - 1 arrow right 3- beta -Glucans, derived from the inner cell wall of yeasts and fungi, are commonly found in indoor air dust samples and have been implicated in organic dust toxic syndrome. In a previous study, it was reported that 1 arrow right 3- beta -glucan (zymosan A) induced acute pulmonary inflammation in rats. This study investigates which form of 1 arrow right 3- beta -glucans, particulate or soluble, is more potent in inducing pulmonary inflammation. Zymosan A was suspended in 0.25 N NaOH for 30 min, neutralized, dialyzed for 2 d using deionized water, and particulate and soluble fractions were collected. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed via intratracheal instillation to NaOH-soluble or NaOH-insoluble zymosan A. At 18 h postexposure, various indicators of pulmonary response were monitored, including indicators of lung damage, such as serum albumin concentration and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in acellular bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Inflammation was characterized by an increase in lavageable polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Pulmonary irritation (breathing frequency increase) and oxidant production (nitric oxide and chemiluminescence, CL) were also monitored. Exposure to the particulate form of NaOH-treated zymosan produced a significant increase in all these indicators. In contrast, rats exposed to the NaOH-soluble fraction were not markedly affected except for LDH, PMN, and CL. However, these increases were significantly less than with exposure to NaOH-insoluble zymosan. Therefore, results demonstrate that particulate zymosan A is more potent in inducing pulmonary inflammation and damage in rats than the soluble form of this beta -glucan. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues AU - Young, S-H AU - Robinson, V A AU - Barger, M AU - Whitmer, M AU - Porter, D W AU - Frazer, D G AU - Castranova, V AD - Engineering Control and Technology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS 2027, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, syoung@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01/10/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 10 SP - 25 EP - 38 VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - beta -Glucan KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18805325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+particulate+1+arrow+right+3-+beta+-glucans+induces+greater+pulmonary+toxicity+than+soluble+1+arrow+right+3-+beta+-glucans+in+rats&rft.au=Young%2C+S-H%3BRobinson%2C+V+A%3BBarger%2C+M%3BWhitmer%2C+M%3BPorter%2C+D+W%3BFrazer%2C+D+G%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=S-H&rft.date=2003-01-10&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15287390390155732 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390390155732 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence of idiopathic acute liver failure and hospitalized liver injury in patients treated with troglitazone. AN - 85413332; pmid-12526954 AB - Troglitazone, a thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agent, was withdrawn from the U.S. market in March, 2000, after 94 cases of acute liver failure (ALF) were reported with its use. Based on a literature review, the estimated background rate of hospitalization for idiopathic acute liver injury is 22 per million person-years and for idiopathic ALF, less than 1 per million person-years. This study was conducted to estimate the incidence rates of hospitalized idiopathic acute liver injury and ALF among troglitazone-treated patients.An observational retrospective inception cohort of patients treated with troglitazone was assembled using claims data from a large multistate health care organization. Patients with at least 90 days of health plan enrollment before their first troglitazone prescription between April, 1997 and December, 1998 were enrolled. Hospitalized cases of potential troglitazone-induced acute liver injury or ALF were identified from claims data based on International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, coding. Primary medical records were reviewed for case validation, and incidence rates of acute liver injury were calculated using person-years of troglitazone exposure as the denominator.A total of 7568 patients contributed 4020 person-years of troglitazone exposure. Of these, five were hospitalized with acute liver injury attributed to the drug and not explained by other causes. Incidence rates (95% CI) per million person-years of acute idiopathic liver injury were as follows: hospitalization (n = 5), 1244 (404, 2900); hospitalized jaundice (n = 4), 995 (271, 2546); and ALF (n = 1), 240 (6.3, 1385).Troglitazone use was associated with a marked increase in risk of hospitalized acute idiopathic liver injury and ALF. JF - The American journal of gastroenterology AU - Graham, David J AU - Drinkard, Carol R AU - Shatin, Deborah AD - Office of Drug Safety, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 175 EP - 179 VL - 98 IS - 1 SN - 0002-9270, 0002-9270 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - *Chromans: adverse effects KW - *Drug-Induced Liver Injury: epidemiology KW - *Drug-Induced Liver Injury: etiology KW - Female KW - Hospitalization KW - Humans KW - *Hypoglycemic Agents: adverse effects KW - Incidence KW - *Liver Failure, Acute: chemically induced KW - *Liver Failure, Acute: epidemiology KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Retrospective Studies KW - *Thiazoles: adverse effects KW - *Thiazolidinediones UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85413332?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+gastroenterology&rft.atitle=Incidence+of+idiopathic+acute+liver+failure+and+hospitalized+liver+injury+in+patients+treated+with+troglitazone.&rft.au=Graham%2C+David+J%3BDrinkard%2C+Carol+R%3BShatin%2C+Deborah&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+gastroenterology&rft.issn=00029270&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From humble neural beginnings comes knowledge of numbers. AN - 85240014; pmid-12526766 AB - Following a recent report that monkey prefrontal cortex contains cells that represent number concepts, Nieder and Miller investigated the scale used to code numbers. In this issue of Neuron, they report that prefrontal cells use the same scale (Weber's Law) used by sensory neurons to code stimulus intensity, suggesting how abstract cognitive operations may arise from simpler building blocks that humans share with other animals. JF - Neuron AU - Pessoa Luiz AU - Desimone, Robert AD - Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. PY - 2003 SP - 4 EP - 6 VL - 37 IS - 1 SN - 0896-6273, 0896-6273 KW - Human KW - Neural Pathways KW - Animal KW - Psychomotor Performance KW - Prefrontal Cortex KW - Parietal Lobe KW - Cognition KW - Evolution KW - Nerve Net KW - Mathematics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85240014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuron&rft.atitle=From+humble+neural+beginnings+comes+knowledge+of+numbers.&rft.au=Pessoa+Luiz%3BDesimone%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Pessoa+Luiz&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=4&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuron&rft.issn=08966273&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proteomic approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of cancer. AN - 73544927; 12908550 AB - The field of proteomics holds promise for the discovery of new biomarkers for the early detection and diagnosis of disease, molecular targets for therapy and markers for therapeutic efficacy and toxicity. A variety of proteomics approaches may be used to address these goals. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) is the cornerstone of many discovery-based proteomics studies. Technologies such as laser capture microdissection (LCM) and highly sensitive MS methods are currently being used together to identify greater numbers of lower abundance proteins that are differentially expressed between defined cell populations. Newer technologies such as reverse phase protein arrays will enable the identification and profiling of target pathways in small biopsy specimens. Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (SELDI-TOF) analysis enables the high throughput characterization of lysates from very few tumor cells or body fluids and may be best suited for diagnosis and monitoring of disease. Such technologies are expected to supplement our arsenal of mRNA-based assays, and we believe that in the future, entire cellular networks and not just a single deregulated protein will be the target of therapeutics and that we will soon be able to monitor the status of these pathways in diseased cells before, during and after therapy. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Wulfkuhle, Julia D AU - Paweletz, Cloud P AU - Steeg, Patricia S AU - Petricoin, Emanuel F AU - Liotta, Lance AD - FDA/NCI Clinical Proteomics Program, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. wulfkuhle@cher.fda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 59 EP - 68 VL - 532 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Biomarkers, Tumor KW - 0 KW - Neoplasm Proteins KW - Proteome KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Index Medicus KW - Microdissection KW - Gene Expression Profiling KW - Biomarkers, Tumor -- genetics KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Phosphorylation KW - Peptide Mapping KW - Humans KW - Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization KW - Lasers KW - Signal Transduction KW - Proteomics -- methods KW - Neoplasms -- diagnosis KW - Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Neoplasms -- therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73544927?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Proteomic+approaches+to+the+diagnosis%2C+treatment%2C+and+monitoring+of+cancer.&rft.au=Wulfkuhle%2C+Julia+D%3BPaweletz%2C+Cloud+P%3BSteeg%2C+Patricia+S%3BPetricoin%2C+Emanuel+F%3BLiotta%2C+Lance&rft.aulast=Wulfkuhle&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=532&rft.issue=&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-03 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FDA drug approval summary: gefitinib (ZD1839) (Iressa) tablets. AN - 73542486; 12897327 AB - On May 5, 2003, gefitinib (Iressa), ZD1839) 250-mg tablets received accelerated approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as monotherapy treatment for patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after failure of both platinum-based and docetaxel chemotherapies. Information provided in this summary includes efficacy and safety results of relevant clinical trials. Effectiveness was demonstrated in a randomized, double-blind, phase II, multicenter trial comparing two oral doses of gefitinib (250 mg/day versus 500 mg/day). Two hundred sixteen patients were enrolled. The 142 patients who were refractory to or intolerant of a platinum and docetaxel comprised the evaluable population for the efficacy analysis. A partial tumor response occurred in 14% (9 of 66) of patients receiving gefitinib 250 mg/day and in 8% (6 of 76) of patients receiving gefitinib 500 mg/day. The overall objective response rate for both doses combined was 10.6% (15 of 142 patients) (95% confidence interval 6.0%-16.8%). Responses were more frequent in females and in nonsmokers. The median duration of response was 7.0 months (range 4.6-18.6+ months). Other submitted data included the results of two large trials conducted in chemotherapy-naive, stage III and IV NSCLC patients. Patients were randomized to receive gefitinib (250 mg or 500 mg daily) or placebo, in combination with either gemcitabine plus cisplatin (n = 1,093) or carboplatin plus paclitaxel (n = 1,037). Results from those studies showed no benefit (response rate, time to progression, or survival) from adding gefitinib to chemotherapy. Consequently, gefinitib is only recommended for use as monotherapy. Common adverse events associated with gefitinib treatment included diarrhea, rash, acne, dry skin, nausea, and vomiting. Most toxicities were Common Toxicity Criteria grade 1 or 2. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) has been observed in patients receiving gefitinib. Worldwide, the incidence of ILD is about 1% (2% in the Japanese postmarketing experience and about 0.3% in a U.S. expanded access program). Approximately one-third of the cases were fatal. Physicians should promptly evaluate new or worsening pulmonary symptoms. If ILD is confirmed, appropriate management includes discontinuation of gefitinib. Gefitinib was approved under accelerated approval regulations on the basis of a surrogate end point response rate. No controlled gefitinib trials, to date, demonstrate a clinical benefit, such as improvement in disease-related symptoms or greater survival. Accelerated approval regulations require the sponsor to conduct further studies to verify that gefitinib therapy produces such a benefit. JF - The oncologist AU - Cohen, Martin H AU - Williams, Grant A AU - Sridhara, Rajeshwari AU - Chen, Gang AU - Pazdur, Richard AD - Division of Oncology Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. cohenma@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 303 EP - 306 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 1083-7159, 1083-7159 KW - Quinazolines KW - 0 KW - Tablets KW - gefitinib KW - S65743JHBS KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Administration, Oral KW - Probability KW - Reference Values KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Neoplasm Staging KW - Double-Blind Method KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adult KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Middle Aged KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Maximum Tolerated Dose KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Survival Analysis KW - Quinazolines -- administration & dosage KW - Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung -- mortality KW - Drug Approval KW - Lung Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung -- drug therapy KW - Quinazolines -- pharmacology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73542486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+oncologist&rft.atitle=FDA+drug+approval+summary%3A+gefitinib+%28ZD1839%29+%28Iressa%29+tablets.&rft.au=Cohen%2C+Martin+H%3BWilliams%2C+Grant+A%3BSridhara%2C+Rajeshwari%3BChen%2C+Gang%3BPazdur%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+oncologist&rft.issn=10837159&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detoxification of electrophilic compounds by glutathione S-transferase catalysis: determinants of individual response to chemical carcinogens and chemotherapeutic drugs? AN - 73528116; 12897434 AB - The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) catalyze the GSH-dependent detoxification of reactive electrophiles such as genotoxic chemical carcinogens and cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. Allelic polymorphism in the GSTs has been used to investigate the hypothesis that GSTs are involved in susceptibility to human cancers. Such studies have resulted in low penetrance, high prevalence associations between cancer risk and GST polymorphisms. By examination of interindividual variation of GST expression it becomes clear that GST genotype alone is not an accurate predictor of GST expression. GST expression is tissue specific and interindividual variation of expression is at least 7-fold in normal tissues. Thus, populations of the same genotype are actually heterogeneous as regards expression. Similarly, polymorphisms are not effective in all tissues and GST induction is not independent of genotype. Mechanistic models for chemical aspects of colorectal cancer and chemotherapy for breast cancer demonstrate some of the ways by which such interactions can be studied and the potential for future studies. JF - BioFactors (Oxford, England) AU - Coles, Brian F AU - Kadlubar, Fred F AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. bcoles@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 115 EP - 130 VL - 17 IS - 1-4 SN - 0951-6433, 0951-6433 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating KW - Carcinogens KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Index Medicus KW - Genotype KW - Genetic Variation KW - Alleles KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Humans KW - Gene Expression KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Catalysis KW - Inactivation, Metabolic KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- metabolism KW - Glutathione Transferase -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73528116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioFactors+%28Oxford%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Detoxification+of+electrophilic+compounds+by+glutathione+S-transferase+catalysis%3A+determinants+of+individual+response+to+chemical+carcinogens+and+chemotherapeutic+drugs%3F&rft.au=Coles%2C+Brian+F%3BKadlubar%2C+Fred+F&rft.aulast=Coles&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BioFactors+%28Oxford%2C+England%29&rft.issn=09516433&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-18 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transgenic mice as an alternative to monkeys for neurovirulence testing of live oral poliovirus vaccine: validation by a WHO collaborative study. AN - 73297989; 12764491 AB - Extensive WHO collaborative studies were performed to evaluate the suitability of transgenic mice susceptible to poliovirus (TgPVR mice, strain 21, bred and provided by the Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Japan) as an alternative to monkeys in the neurovirulence test (NVT) of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). Nine laboratories participated in the collaborative study on testing neurovirulence of 94 preparations of OPV and vaccine derivatives of all three serotypes in TgPVR21 mice. Statistical analysis of the data demonstrated that the TgPVR21 mouse NVT was of comparable sensitivity and reproducibility to the conventional WHO NVT in simians. A statistical model for acceptance/rejection of OPV lots in the mouse test was developed, validated, and shown to be suitable for all three vaccine types. The assessment of the transgenic mouse NVT is based on clinical evaluation of paralysed mice. Unlike the monkey NVT, histological examination of central nervous system tissue of each mouse offered no advantage over careful and detailed clinical observation. Based on data from the collaborative studies the WHO Expert Committee for Biological Standardization approved the mouse NVT as an alternative to the monkey test for all three OPV types and defined a standard implementation process for laboratories that wish to use the test. This represents the first successful introduction of transgenic animals into control of biologicals. JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization AU - Dragunsky, Eugenia AU - Nomura, Tatsuji AU - Karpinski, Kazimir AU - Furesz, John AU - Wood, David J AU - Pervikov, Yuri AU - Abe, Shinobu AU - Kurata, Takeshi AU - Vanloocke, Olivier AU - Karganova, Galina AU - Taffs, Rolf AU - Heath, Alan AU - Ivshina, Anna AU - Levenbook, Inessa AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA. dragunsky@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 251 EP - 260 VL - 81 IS - 4 SN - 0042-9686, 0042-9686 KW - Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Virulence KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - World Health Organization KW - Cooperative Behavior KW - Laboratories KW - Mice KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Male KW - Female KW - Poliovirus -- pathogenicity KW - Central Nervous System -- virology KW - Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral -- toxicity KW - Poliovirus -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73297989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+World+Health+Organization&rft.atitle=Transgenic+mice+as+an+alternative+to+monkeys+for+neurovirulence+testing+of+live+oral+poliovirus+vaccine%3A+validation+by+a+WHO+collaborative+study.&rft.au=Dragunsky%2C+Eugenia%3BNomura%2C+Tatsuji%3BKarpinski%2C+Kazimir%3BFuresz%2C+John%3BWood%2C+David+J%3BPervikov%2C+Yuri%3BAbe%2C+Shinobu%3BKurata%2C+Takeshi%3BVanloocke%2C+Olivier%3BKarganova%2C+Galina%3BTaffs%2C+Rolf%3BHeath%2C+Alan%3BIvshina%2C+Anna%3BLevenbook%2C+Inessa&rft.aulast=Dragunsky&rft.aufirst=Eugenia&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+the+World+Health+Organization&rft.issn=00429686&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human liver microsomal metabolism and DNA adduct formation of the tumorigenic pyrrolizidine alkaloid, riddelliine. AN - 73182486; 12693032 AB - Riddelliine, a widespread naturally occurring genotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid, induced liver tumors in rats and mice in an NTP 2-year carcinogenicity bioassay. We have determined that riddelliine induces liver tumors in rats through a genotoxic mechanism involving the formation of (+/-)-6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine (DHP), which reacts with DNA to form a set of eight DNA adducts. To determine the relevance to humans of the results obtained in experimental animals, the metabolism of riddelliine was conducted using human liver microsomes. As with rat liver microsomes, DHP and riddelliine N-oxide were major metabolites in incubations conducted with human liver microsomes. The levels of DHP and riddelliine N-oxide were 0.20-0.62 and 0.03-0.15 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively, which are comparable to those obtained from rat liver microsomal metabolism. When metabolism was conducted in the presence of calf thymus DNA, the same set of eight DHP-derived DNA adducts was formed. Both the metabolism pattern and DNA adduct profile were very similar to those obtained from rat liver microsomes. When metabolism was conducted in the presence of the P450 3A4 enzyme inhibitor triacetyleandomycin, the formation of DHP and riddelliine N-oxide was reduced 84 and 92%, respectively. For DHP formation, the Km values were determined to be 0.37 +/- 0.05 and 0.66 +/- 0.08 mM from female rats and female humans; the Vmax values from female rat and human liver microsomal metabolism were 0.48 +/- 0.03 and 1.70 +/- 0.09 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively. These results strongly indicate the mechanistic data on liver tumor induction obtained for riddelliine in laboratory rodents is highly relevant to humans. JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Xia, Qingsu AU - Chou, Ming W AU - Kadlubar, Fred F AU - Chan, Po-Cheun AU - Fu, Peter P AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 66 EP - 73 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Phosphorus Isotopes KW - Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids KW - riddelliine KW - 23246-96-0 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Troleandomycin KW - C4DZ64560D KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Troleandomycin -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Phosphorus Isotopes -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Cattle KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Middle Aged KW - Species Specificity KW - Female KW - Male KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Microsomes, Liver -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids -- toxicity KW - DNA Adducts -- metabolism KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73182486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Human+liver+microsomal+metabolism+and+DNA+adduct+formation+of+the+tumorigenic+pyrrolizidine+alkaloid%2C+riddelliine.&rft.au=Xia%2C+Qingsu%3BChou%2C+Ming+W%3BKadlubar%2C+Fred+F%3BChan%2C+Po-Cheun%3BFu%2C+Peter+P&rft.aulast=Xia&rft.aufirst=Qingsu&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=66&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Chem Res Toxicol. 2003 Mar;16(3):432 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazards associated with the manufacture and repair of neon lights. AN - 73129763; 12650542 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Ewers, Lynda AU - Page, Elena AU - Mortimer, Vincent AD - Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance Branch, NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 1 EP - 9 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Neon KW - 4VB4Y46AHD KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Lead -- adverse effects KW - Cadmium -- adverse effects KW - Mercury -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Maintenance KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Lighting KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73129763?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Hazards+associated+with+the+manufacture+and+repair+of+neon+lights.&rft.au=Ewers%2C+Lynda%3BPage%2C+Elena%3BMortimer%2C+Vincent&rft.aulast=Ewers&rft.aufirst=Lynda&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-14 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A national study of the substance abuse treatment workforce. AN - 73127609; 12646330 AB - This study's purpose is to gain a current perspective on the substance abuse treatment field's workforce. The data are from the Retrospective Study of treatment professionals designed to document how the Treatment Improvement Protocols published by the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment have influenced the implementation of best practices. The Retrospective Study consisted of a two-wave cross-sectional survey with telephone follow-up. Data for this study were from demographic information on Wave 1 study participants, which had a response rate of 80.1% (N = 3,267). The results of the study showed that most treatment professionals are White (84.5%) and middle-aged (i.e., between 40 and 55 years old) and slightly more are female (50.5.0%) than male (49.5%). Treatment professionals tend to enter the field and stay in it, and almost 80.0% of respondents possess a bachelor's degree or higher. In addition, most treatment professionals are licensed or certified and treat clients from different racial and ethnic backgrounds than themselves. Implications for the provision of treatment services are discussed. Copyright 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. JF - Journal of substance abuse treatment AU - Mulvey, Kevin P AU - Hubbard, Susan AU - Hayashi, Susan AD - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 5515 Security Lane, Suite 840, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. kmulvey@samhsa.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 51 EP - 57 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0740-5472, 0740-5472 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Professional Competence KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Middle Aged KW - Data Collection KW - Male KW - Female KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- therapy KW - Substance Abuse Treatment Centers -- statistics & numerical data KW - Substance Abuse Treatment Centers -- manpower UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73127609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+substance+abuse+treatment&rft.atitle=A+national+study+of+the+substance+abuse+treatment+workforce.&rft.au=Mulvey%2C+Kevin+P%3BHubbard%2C+Susan%3BHayashi%2C+Susan&rft.aulast=Mulvey&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+substance+abuse+treatment&rft.issn=07405472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field-portable spectroscopy. AN - 73123457; 12650543 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Ashley, Kevin AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA. kashley@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 10 EP - 15 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - Index Medicus KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Aerosols -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Equipment and Supplies -- standards KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Spectrum Analysis -- classification KW - Spectrum Analysis -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73123457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Field-portable+spectroscopy.&rft.au=Ashley%2C+Kevin&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-14 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Committee on additives, beverages, and food process related analytes. Filth and extraneous materials in foods and drugs. AN - 73062747; 12607750 JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Olsen, Alan R Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 128 VL - 86 IS - 1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Contamination KW - Food Contamination -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73062747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Committee+on+additives%2C+beverages%2C+and+food+process+related+analytes.+Filth+and+extraneous+materials+in+foods+and+drugs.&rft.au=Olsen%2C+Alan+R&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=128&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Committee on natural toxins and food allergens. Mycotoxins. AN - 73055446; 12607751 JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Trucksess, Mary W Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 129 EP - 138 VL - 86 IS - 1 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Ergot Alkaloids KW - Fumonisins KW - Indoles KW - Mycotoxins KW - Ochratoxins KW - Trichothecenes KW - Citrinin KW - 3S697X6SNZ KW - Zearalenone KW - 5W827M159J KW - Patulin KW - 95X2BV4W8R KW - cyclopiazonic acid KW - X9TLY4580Z KW - Index Medicus KW - Ochratoxins -- analysis KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Fumonisins -- analysis KW - Alternaria -- metabolism KW - Chemistry Techniques, Analytical -- methods KW - Zearalenone -- analysis KW - Trichothecenes -- analysis KW - Patulin -- analysis KW - Ergot Alkaloids -- analysis KW - Citrinin -- analysis KW - Indoles -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73055446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Microarray+Analysis+of+Microbial+Virulence+Factors&rft.au=Chizhikov%2C+V%3BRasooly%2C+A%3BChumakov%2C+K%3BLevy%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Chizhikov&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3258&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.67.7.3258-3263.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Committee on microbiology and extraneous materials. Food microbiology--non-dairy. AN - 73053889; 12607757 JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Andrews, Wallace H Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 154 EP - 159 VL - 86 IS - 1 KW - Culture Media, Conditioned KW - 0 KW - Stainless Steel KW - 12597-68-1 KW - Botulinum Toxins KW - EC 3.4.24.69 KW - Index Medicus KW - Equipment Contamination KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- isolation & purification KW - Botulinum Toxins -- analysis KW - Escherichia coli -- isolation & purification KW - Culture Media, Conditioned -- chemistry KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Bacteria -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Bacteria, Aerobic -- isolation & purification KW - Listeria -- isolation & purification KW - Food Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73053889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Committee+on+microbiology+and+extraneous+materials.+Food+microbiology--non-dairy.&rft.au=Andrews%2C+Wallace+H&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=Wallace&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicologic pathology: looking ahead. AN - 73042178; 12597424 AB - The field of toxicologic pathology is being impacted, as are other fields of science and medicine, by rapid transitions to take advantage of new science and technology. The new technology represents great opportunities to advance our understanding of toxicology and pathology to exciting new levels, but it also poses new challenges. We must be seriously engaged in that transition to assure that the outcome reflects the knowledge and discipline that are hallmarks of today's decision-making process in areas of product development and approval. New expertise will be required to deal with new issues. How well and how rapidly we adapt as the field moves from "...icities" to "...omics" will, at least in part, determine the role of toxicologic pathologists in the product development and approval processes of the future. JF - Toxicologic pathology AU - Schwetz, Bernard A AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. PY - 2003 SP - 2 EP - 5 VL - 31 Suppl SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Diagnostic Imaging -- trends KW - Humans KW - Forecasting KW - Genetic Engineering -- trends KW - Models, Biological KW - Diagnostic Imaging -- methods KW - Toxicology -- trends KW - Pathology -- trends UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73042178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.atitle=Toxicologic+pathology%3A+looking+ahead.&rft.au=Schwetz%2C+Bernard+A&rft.aulast=Schwetz&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=31+Suppl&rft.issue=&rft.spage=2&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health effects of welding. AN - 73021609; 12585507 AB - Many of the epidemiology studies performed are difficult to compare because of differences in worker populations, industrial settings, welding techniques, duration of exposure, and other occupational exposures besides welding fumes. Some studies were conducted in carefully controlled work environments, others during actual workplace conditions, and some in laboratories. Epidemiology studies have shown that a large number of welders experience some type of respiratory illness. Respiratory effects seen in full-time welders have included bronchitis, airway irritation, lung function changes, and a possible increase in the incidence of lung cancer. Pulmonary infections are increased in terms of severity, duration, and frequency among welders. Although epidemiological studies have demonstrated an increase in pulmonary illness after exposure to welding fumes, little information of the causality, dose-response, and possible underlying mechanisms regarding the inhalation of welding fumes exists. Even less information is available about the neurological, reproductive, and dermal effects after welding fume exposure. Moreover, carcinogenicity and short-term and long-term toxicology studies of welding fumes in animals are lacing or incomplete. Therefore, an understanding of possible adverse health effects of exposure to welding fumes is essential to risk assessment and the development of prevention strategies and will impact a large population of workers. JF - Critical reviews in toxicology AU - Antonini, James M AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road (M/S 2015), Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. jga6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 61 EP - 103 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 1040-8444, 1040-8444 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- etiology KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Confined Spaces KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Welding KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Inhalation Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73021609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+reviews+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Health+effects+of+welding.&rft.au=Antonini%2C+James+M&rft.aulast=Antonini&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+reviews+in+toxicology&rft.issn=10408444&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of wake-induced exposure using an interrupted oscillating jet. AN - 73008809; 12570392 AB - A problem may arise in ventilation design when the contaminant source is located in the worker's wake, where turbulence and vortex formation can carry the contaminant into the breathing zone even though the source is downwind. It was found previously that forced directional variations in the flow can reduce or eliminate the vortex formation that causes these local reversals. Reported here is a simple realization of this concept, in which an oscillating jet of air was directed at a mannequin in an otherwise steady flow of air. A 50th percentile male mannequin was placed in a nearly uniform flow of approximately 0.18 m/sec (36 ft/min). A low-velocity tracer gas source (isobutylene) was held in the standing mannequin's hands with the upper arms vertical and the elbows at 90 degrees. Four ventilation scenarios were compared by concentration measurements in the breathing zone, using photoionization detectors: (A) uniform flow; (B) addition of a steady jet with initial velocity 5.1 m/sec (1.0 x 10(3) ft/min) directed at the mannequin's back, parallel to the main flow; (C) making the jet oscillate to 45 degrees on either side of the centerline with a period of 13 sec; and (D) introducing a blockage at the centerline so the oscillating jet never blew directly at the worker. At the 97.5% confidence level the interrupted oscillating jet (case D) achieved at least 99% exposure reduction compared with the uniform flow by itself (case A), at least 93% compared with the steady jet (case B), and at least 45% exposure reduction compared with the unblocked oscillating jet (case C). JF - AIHA journal : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety AU - Bennett, James S AU - Crouch, Keith G AU - Shulman, Stanley A AD - Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch, MS R5, Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. PY - 2003 SP - 24 EP - 29 VL - 64 IS - 1 SN - 1542-8117, 1542-8117 KW - Index Medicus KW - Physical Phenomena KW - Physics KW - Respiration KW - Humans KW - Workplace KW - Movement KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Ventilation KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Air Movements KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73008809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIHA+journal+%3A+a+journal+for+the+science+of+occupational+and+environmental+health+and+safety&rft.atitle=Control+of+wake-induced+exposure+using+an+interrupted+oscillating+jet.&rft.au=Bennett%2C+James+S%3BCrouch%2C+Keith+G%3BShulman%2C+Stanley+A&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIHA+journal+%3A+a+journal+for+the+science+of+occupational+and+environmental+health+and+safety&rft.issn=15428117&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of coal mine dust size distributions and calibration standards for crystalline silica analysis. AN - 73008016; 12570393 AB - Since 1982 standard calibration materials recommended for respirable crystalline silica analysis by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) P7 Infrared Method and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Analytical Method 7500 have undergone minor changes in size distribution. However, a critical assumption has been made that the crystalline silica in ambient mine atmosphere respirable dust samples has also remained essentially unchanged in particle size distribution. Therefore, this work compared recent particle size distributions of underground coal mine dust and the silica component of these dusts with estimated aerodynamic particle size distributions of calibration standard materials MIN-U-SIL 5, Berkeley 5, and SRM 1878 used by two crystalline silica analysis techniques. Dust impactor sampling data for various locations in 13 underground coal mines were analyzed for the respirable mass median aerodynamic diameters. The data suggest that the MSHA P7 method will underestimate the silica content of the sample by at most 7.4% in the median size range 0.9 to 3.6 microm, and that it is unlikely one would obtain any significant error in the MSHA P7 method analysis when the method uses Berkeley 5, MIN-U-SIL 5, or SRM 1878 as a calibration standard material. The results suggest that the NIOSH Analytical Method 7500 would be more appropriate for a dust sample that is representative of the total (no cyclone classifier) rather than the respirable airborne dust, particularly because the mass fraction in the size range below 4 microm is usually a small percentage of the total airborne dust mass. However, NIOSH Analytical Method 7500 is likely to underestimate the silica content of an airborne respirable dust sample by only 5 to 10%. The results of this study also suggest that any changes that may have occurred in the median respirable size of airborne coal mine dust are not significant enough to cause any appreciable error in the current methods used for respirable crystalline silica analysis. JF - AIHA journal : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety AU - Page, Steven J AD - NIOSH, Pittsburgh Research Center, P.O. Box 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA. PY - 2003 SP - 30 EP - 39 VL - 64 IS - 1 SN - 1542-8117, 1542-8117 KW - Coal KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Crystallization KW - Reference Values KW - X-Ray Diffraction KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Mining KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Silicon Dioxide -- analysis KW - Silicon Dioxide -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73008016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIHA+journal+%3A+a+journal+for+the+science+of+occupational+and+environmental+health+and+safety&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+coal+mine+dust+size+distributions+and+calibration+standards+for+crystalline+silica+analysis.&rft.au=Page%2C+Steven+J&rft.aulast=Page&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIHA+journal+%3A+a+journal+for+the+science+of+occupational+and+environmental+health+and+safety&rft.issn=15428117&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adverse drug event monitoring at the Food and Drug Administration. AN - 72971377; 12534765 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible not only for approving drugs but also for monitoring their safety after they reach the market. The complete adverse event profile of a drug is not known at the time of approval because of the small sample size, short duration, and limited generalizability of pre-approval clinical trials. This report describes the FDA's postmarketing surveillance system, to which many clinicians submit reports of adverse drug events encountered while treating their patients. Despite its limitations, the spontaneous reporting system is an extremely valuable mechanism by which hazards with drugs that were not observed or recognized at the time of approval are identified. Physicians are strongly encouraged to submit reports of adverse outcomes with suspect drugs to the FDA, and their reports make a difference. The FDA is strengthening its postmarketing surveillance with access to new data sources that have the potential to further improve the identification, quantification, and subsequent management of drug risk. JF - Journal of general internal medicine AU - Ahmad, Syed Rizwanuddin AD - Division of Drug Risk Evaluation, Office of Drug Safety, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Rockville, Md 20857, USA. ahmads@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 57 EP - 60 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0884-8734, 0884-8734 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72971377?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+general+internal+medicine&rft.atitle=Adverse+drug+event+monitoring+at+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration.&rft.au=Ahmad%2C+Syed+Rizwanuddin&rft.aulast=Ahmad&rft.aufirst=Syed&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+general+internal+medicine&rft.issn=08848734&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-01 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: JAMA. 2000 Dec 20;284(23):3036-9 [11122591] JAMA. 1998 Apr 15;279(15):1200-5 [9555760] JAMA. 2001 Jan 24-31;285(4):437-43 [11242428] J Rheumatol. 2001 May;28(5):1180-7 [11361210] Lancet. 2001 Jun 2;357(9270):1766-7 [11403818] Am J Gastroenterol. 2001 Jun;96(6):1698-703 [11419817] N Engl J Med. 2001 Jul 19;345(3):224-5 [11463031] JAMA. 2001 Aug 15;286(7):831-3 [11497537] J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001 Oct;45(4):515-9 [11568740] JAMA. 2001 Dec 26;286(24):3081 [11754672] Obstet Gynecol. 2001 Dec;98(6):1151 [11755578] Am J Gastroenterol. 2001 Dec;96(12):3449-50 [11774975] N Engl J Med. 2002 Feb 14;346(7):539-40 [11844864] Arch Intern Med. 2002 Mar 25;162(6):713-5 [11911727] JAMA. 2002 May 1;287(17):2215-20 [11980521] Am J Cardiol. 2002 Jun 1;89(11):1331-4 [12031744] N Engl J Med. 2002 Jun 6;346(23):1832-3 [12050351] Clin Infect Dis. 2002 Jul 15;35(2):197-200 [12087527] Drug Saf. 2002;25(7):537-44 [12093311] J Emerg Med. 2002 May;22(4):385-7 [12113850] R I Med J. 1987 Jul;70(7):311-6 [3476980] Arch Intern Med. 1988 Jul;148(7):1596-600 [3382304] JAMA. 1993 Jun 2;269(21):2765-8 [8492403] Lancet. 1993 Jun 5;341(8858):1465-6 [8099153] Arch Intern Med. 1995 Oct 9;155(18):1949-56 [7575048] Comment In: J Gen Intern Med. 2003 Jan;18(1):72-3 [12534769] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Priorities for development of research methods in occupational cancer. AN - 72946918; 12524210 AB - Occupational cancer research methods was identified in 1996 as 1 of 21 priority research areas in the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA). To implement NORA, teams of experts from various sectors were formed and given the charge to further define research needs and develop strategies to enhance or augment research in each priority area. This article is a product of that process. Focus on occupational cancer research methods is important both because occupational factors play a significant role in a number of cancers, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality, and also because occupational cohorts (because of higher exposure levels) often provide unique opportunities to evaluate health effects of environmental toxicants and understand the carcinogenic process in humans. Despite an explosion of new methods for cancer research in general, these have not been widely applied to occupational cancer research. In this article we identify needs and gaps in occupational cancer research methods in four broad areas: identification of occupational carcinogens, design of epidemiologic studies, risk assessment, and primary and secondary prevention. Progress in occupational cancer will require interdisciplinary research involving epidemiologists, industrial hygienists, toxicologists, and molecular biologists. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Ward, Elizabeth M AU - Schulte, Paul A AU - Bayard, Steve AU - Blair, Aaron AU - Brandt-Rauf, Paul AU - Butler, Mary Ann AU - Dankovic, David AU - Hubbs, Ann F AU - Jones, Carol AU - Karstadt, Myra AU - Kedderis, Gregory L AU - Melnick, Ronald AU - Redlich, Carrie A AU - Rothman, Nathaniel AU - Savage, Russell E AU - Sprinker, Michael AU - Toraason, Mark AU - Weston, Ainsley AU - Olshan, Andrew F AU - Stewart, Patricia AU - Zahm, Sheila Hoar AU - National Occupational Research Agenda Team AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. ; National Occupational Research Agenda Team Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 1 EP - 12 VL - 111 IS - 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Animals KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Humans KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Research Design KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Risk Assessment KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72946918?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Priorities+for+development+of+research+methods+in+occupational+cancer.&rft.au=Ward%2C+Elizabeth+M%3BSchulte%2C+Paul+A%3BBayard%2C+Steve%3BBlair%2C+Aaron%3BBrandt-Rauf%2C+Paul%3BButler%2C+Mary+Ann%3BDankovic%2C+David%3BHubbs%2C+Ann+F%3BJones%2C+Carol%3BKarstadt%2C+Myra%3BKedderis%2C+Gregory+L%3BMelnick%2C+Ronald%3BRedlich%2C+Carrie+A%3BRothman%2C+Nathaniel%3BSavage%2C+Russell+E%3BSprinker%2C+Michael%3BToraason%2C+Mark%3BWeston%2C+Ainsley%3BOlshan%2C+Andrew+F%3BStewart%2C+Patricia%3BZahm%2C+Sheila+Hoar%3BNational+Occupational+Research+Agenda+Team&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Occup Environ Hyg. 2001 Feb;16(2):128-34 [11217699] Tumour Biol. 2001 May-Jun;22(3):191-202 [11275798] Biochim Biophys Acta. 2001;1471(2):C1-10 [11342183] Mutat Res. 2000 Apr;462(2-3):407-21 [11523541] J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Nov;299(2):542-50 [11602665] Epidemiology. 2001 Nov;12(6):710-8 [11679801] Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1979;19:511-30 [378109] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1981 Jun;66(6):1191-308 [7017215] Br J Ind Med. 1983 Nov;40(4):390-401 [6354246] J Occup Med. 1985 Jun;27(6):420-6 [4020500] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1999 Dec 15;161(3):249-57 [10620482] N Engl J Med. 1987 Apr 23;316(17):1044-50 [3561457] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1987 Dec;13(6):486-92 [3433050] Carcinogenesis. 1988 Jul;9(7):1159-65 [3383336] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1989 Oct 4;81(19):1472-80 [2778834] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1989 Oct 4;81(19):1480-3 [2778835] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1989;572:27-45; discussion 55-60 [2697170] Am J Ind Med. 1990;17(6):683-99 [2343874] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1990 Nov 21;82(22):1746-52 [2231769] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Dec;87(23):9178-82 [2251261] Environ Health Perspect. 1990 Aug;88:325-37 [2272330] Am J Ind Med. 1991;19(4):509-21 [2035549] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1991 Jun;17(3):159-69 [2068554] Nature. 1992 Mar 19;356(6366):215-21 [1552940] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Apr;100:201-10 [8354167] Br J Ind Med. 1993 Sep;50(9):827-34 [8398877] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Oct;101(5):444-5 [8119256] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1994 Jun 15;86(12):921-5 [8196082] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1994 Aug;20(4):251-61 [7801070] J Occup Med. 1994 Aug;36(8):842-7 [7807263] J Occup Med. 1994 Aug;36(8):855-9 [7807265] J Occup Med. 1994 Aug;36(8):907-12 [7807274] Br J Ind Med. 1954 Apr;11(2):75-104 [13149741] Br J Ind Med. 1955 Apr;12(2):81-6 [14363586] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Jun;106 Suppl 3:909-25 [9646055] Cancer Detect Prev. 1998;22(4):273-83 [9674870] Int J Cancer. 1998 Aug 12;77(4):549-53 [9679757] Mutat Res. 1998 May 25;400(1-2):493-507 [9685707] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1998;24 Suppl 2:25-41 [9714511] Toxicol Sci. 2000 Jan;53(1):135-44 [10653531] Occup Environ Med. 1999 Nov;56(11):781-7 [10658565] Cancer Causes Control. 2000 Feb;11(2):177-84 [10710203] Cancer Res. 2000 Mar 15;60(6):1619-25 [10749131] Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2000 Mar;9(3):271-7 [10750665] J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000 Apr 19;92(8):602-12 [10772677] Toxicol Sci. 2000 May;55(1):17-23 [10788555] Ind Health. 2000 Apr;38(2):143-52 [10812837] Int J Occup Environ Health. 2000 Apr-Jun;6(2):148-50 [10828145] Am J Ind Med. 2000 Jul;38(1):28-39 [10861764] Carcinogenesis. 1995 Feb;16(2):173-9 [7859345] J Occup Med. 1994 Nov;36(11):1199-203 [7861263] Am J Ind Med. 1995 Apr;27(4):471-83 [7793420] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995 Sep 20;87(18):1400-7 [7658501] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Jul-Aug;103(7-8):680-3 [7588478] Int J Cancer. 1996 Jan 3;65(1):39-50 [8543394] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Sep;103 Suppl 6:111-6 [8549456] Environ Health Perspect. 1996 Apr;104(4):362-9 [8732939] Toxicology. 1996 Oct 28;113(1-3):190-202 [8901898] Int J Epidemiol. 1996 Aug;25(4):744-52 [8921451] Environ Health Perspect. 1996 Oct;104 Suppl 5:1001-10 [8933048] Carcinogenesis. 1996 Nov;17(11):2455-61 [8968063] Carcinogenesis. 1997 Jan;18(1):97-105 [9054595] Am J Ind Med. 1997 May;31(5):485-94 [9099349] Am J Epidemiol. 1997 Apr 15;145(8):680-8 [9125994] Am J Epidemiol. 1997 Jun 15;145(12):1061-75 [9199536] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997 Jul 16;89(14):1065-71 [9230889] Arch Intern Med. 1997 Jul 28;157(14):1557-68 [9236557] Lancet. 1997 Jul 26;350(9073):240-4 [9242800] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1997 Jun;37(2):125-30 [9242585] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Oct;105(10):1068-77 [9349828] IARC Sci Publ. 1997;(142):185-200 [9354919] Cancer Causes Control. 1997 May;8(3):504-13 [9498907] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Feb;106 Suppl 1:81-4 [9539007] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Apr;106 Suppl 2:473-6 [9599694] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Jun;106 Suppl 3:893-908 [9646054] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1998;24 Suppl 2:42-53 [9714512] Toxicol Sci. 1998 Jul;44(1):22-31 [9720137] Cancer Res. 1998 Sep 15;58(18):4117-21 [9751622] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Oct;106(10):623-7 [9755136] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Oct;106(10):A484-7 [9755149] Epidemiol Rev. 1998;20(1):1-14 [9762505] Am J Ind Med. 1998 Nov;34(5):413-20 [9787844] Am J Ind Med. 1998 Nov;34(5):519-25 [9787859] Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Nov 15;148(10):929-36 [9829864] Carcinogenesis. 1999 Jan;20(1):1-11 [9934843] Int J Cancer. 1999 Jan 5;80(1):44-6 [9935228] Biochem Pharmacol. 1998 May 1;55(9):1445-52 [10076537] Cancer Res. 1999 Apr 1;59(7):1481-4 [10197617] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999 May 5;91(9):779-86 [10328108] Am J Ind Med. 1999 Jul;36(1):70-4 [10361589] Toxicol Sci. 1999 May;49(1):48-55 [10367341] N Engl J Med. 2000 Jul 13;343(2):78-85 [10891514] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1999 Dec;25(6):491-7 [10884144] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1999 Dec;25(6):505-10 [10884146] Int J Cancer. 2000 Dec 1;88(5):820-7 [11072254] Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2000 Dec;9(12):1357-67 [11142422] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deaths due to injuries among employed adults: the effects of socioeconomic class. AN - 72886194; 12500049 AB - Few studies have investigated socioeconomic status (SES) and external causes of death (ie, deaths attributable to injuries). These deaths are of particular interest because they are potentially preventable and they represent the second leading cause of years of life lost under age 75. We studied 261,723 deaths from external causes in 27 states from 1984 to 1997 among employed persons age 20-64. Numerator data came from occupation on the death certificate. Occupation-specific denominator data came from the U.S. Census. A Nam-Powers SES score was assigned to each occupation based on its relative income and education in the U.S. Census. After adjusting for age, sex, year and race, SES was strongly associated with mortality from all external causes combined for men (rate ratios = 2.9, 2.3, 1.5, and 1.0 by ascending SES quartile), and to a lesser extent for women (rate ratios = 1.6, 1.0, 1.1, and 1.0). A similar pattern was seen for each of the specific external causes (motor vehicle deaths, suicide, homicide, injuries other than by motor vehicle, and medical complications). We estimate 41% of deaths from external causes are attributable to having a SES below the top quartile (both sexes combined). JF - Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) AU - Steenland, Kyle AU - Halperin, William AU - Hu, Sherry AU - Walker, James T AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Atlanta, GA, USA. nsteenl@sph.emory.edu Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 74 EP - 79 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 1044-3983, 1044-3983 KW - Index Medicus KW - Accidents, Traffic -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Homicide -- statistics & numerical data KW - Middle Aged KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Occupations -- classification KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Suicide -- statistics & numerical data KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cause of Death KW - Employment -- statistics & numerical data KW - Wounds and Injuries -- classification KW - Social Class KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72886194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.atitle=Deaths+due+to+injuries+among+employed+adults%3A+the+effects+of+socioeconomic+class.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+Kyle%3BHalperin%2C+William%3BHu%2C+Sherry%3BWalker%2C+James+T&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=74&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.issn=10443983&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-02 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The concept of degraded images applied to hazard recognition training in mining for reduction of lost-time injuries. AN - 71551545; 14733985 AB - This paper discusses the application of a training intervention that uses degraded images for improving the hazard recognition skills of miners. NIOSH researchers, in an extensive literature review, identified fundamental psychological principles on perception that may be employed to enhance the ability of miners to recognize and respond to hazards in their dangerous work environment. Three studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the degraded image training intervention. A model of hazard recognition was developed to guide the study. In the first study, miners from Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Alabama, who were taught with the aid of degraded images, scored significantly better on follow-up hazard recognition performance measures than those trained using traditional instructional methodologies. The second and third studies investigated the effectiveness of the training intervention at two mining companies. Data collected over a 3-year period showed that lost-time injuries at mines in Alabama and Illinois declined soon after the training intervention was instituted. Further exploration of the hazard recognition model and the development of other interventions based on the model could support the validity of the steps in the hazard recognition model. JF - Journal of safety research AU - Kowalski-Trakofler, Kathleen M AU - Barrett, Edward A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA. kkowalski@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 515 EP - 525 VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health KW - Emblems and Insignia KW - Survival Rate KW - Humans KW - Audiovisual Aids KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Visual Acuity KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Mining -- statistics & numerical data KW - Mining -- education KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Workplace -- statistics & numerical data KW - Inservice Training -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71551545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+safety+research&rft.atitle=The+concept+of+degraded+images+applied+to+hazard+recognition+training+in+mining+for+reduction+of+lost-time+injuries.&rft.au=Kowalski-Trakofler%2C+Kathleen+M%3BBarrett%2C+Edward+A&rft.aulast=Kowalski-Trakofler&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+safety+research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disseminating science-based prevention: lessons learned from CSAP's CAPTs. AN - 71549003; 15022858 AB - A wide variety of prevention approaches that reduce substance use and associated problems have been developed and tested. But successes have been limited in promoting the use of these scientific advances by the policy makers, practitioners, and concerned citizens. The Center for Substance Abuse Prevention's six regional Centers for the Application of Prevention Technologies (CSAP's CAPTs) are a major mechanism by which CSAP brings research to practice. This article synthesizes the issues that the CAPTs have faced, the solutions they have developed, and conclusions concerning the work that still needs to be done to increase the application of science-based approaches to prevention. These discussions highlight the particular importance of addressing issues related to the larger systems in which prevention programs and strategies operate. JF - Journal of drug education AU - Hogan, Julie A AU - Baca, Ileana AU - Daley, Charlotte AU - Garcia, Tania AU - Jaker, Jerry AU - Lowther, Mike AU - Klitzner, Michael AD - Center for Substance Abuse Prevention's, Western Regional Center for the Application of Prevention Technologies, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0202, USA. jhogan@unr.edu Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 233 EP - 243 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2379, 0047-2379 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Diffusion of Innovation KW - Health Policy KW - United States Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration KW - Health Promotion KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71549003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+drug+education&rft.atitle=Disseminating+science-based+prevention%3A+lessons+learned+from+CSAP%27s+CAPTs.&rft.au=Hogan%2C+Julie+A%3BBaca%2C+Ileana%3BDaley%2C+Charlotte%3BGarcia%2C+Tania%3BJaker%2C+Jerry%3BLowther%2C+Mike%3BKlitzner%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Hogan&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+drug+education&rft.issn=00472379&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-06 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medication use in children and adolescents treated in the community for bipolar disorder. AN - 71542740; 14977464 AB - We assessed the use of mood stabilizers, stimulants, antipsychotic medication, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in children being treated in the community for bipolar disorder (BPD). One hundred eleven patients were screened via parent phone interview for possible inclusion in a phenomenological study of BPD. Data were obtained on the patients' medication trials and side effects. The results of the study indicated that children and adolescents who carry a diagnosis of BPD are treated with a mean of 3.40 +/- 1.48 medications and have had a mean of 6.32 +/- 3.67 trials of psychotropic medication in the past. Ninety-eight percent have had a trial of a mood stabilizer or anticonvulsant, with the most common being valproate (79%), lithium (51%), and gabapentin (29%). JF - Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology AU - Bhangoo, Robinder K AU - Lowe, Catherine H AU - Myers, Frances S AU - Treland, Julia AU - Curran, Justin AU - Towbin, Kenneth E AU - Leibenluft, Ellen AD - The Mood and Anxiety Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 515 EP - 522 VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 1044-5463, 1044-5463 KW - Anticonvulsants KW - 0 KW - Antimanic Agents KW - Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Humans KW - Data Collection KW - Child KW - Anticonvulsants -- therapeutic use KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Bipolar Disorder -- epidemiology KW - Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors -- therapeutic use KW - Bipolar Disorder -- drug therapy KW - Antimanic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Bipolar Disorder -- psychology KW - Antimanic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71542740?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+child+and+adolescent+psychopharmacology&rft.atitle=Medication+use+in+children+and+adolescents+treated+in+the+community+for+bipolar+disorder.&rft.au=Bhangoo%2C+Robinder+K%3BLowe%2C+Catherine+H%3BMyers%2C+Frances+S%3BTreland%2C+Julia%3BCurran%2C+Justin%3BTowbin%2C+Kenneth+E%3BLeibenluft%2C+Ellen&rft.aulast=Bhangoo&rft.aufirst=Robinder&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+child+and+adolescent+psychopharmacology&rft.issn=10445463&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - New developments in public health case law. AN - 71532240; 14968638 JF - The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics AU - Thiel, Karen Smith Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 86 EP - 87 VL - 31 IS - 4 Suppl KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Smoking -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Obesity KW - Lead Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Tuberculosis -- therapy KW - Product Labeling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Patient Compliance KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Restaurants -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Female KW - Public Health -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71532240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+law%2C+medicine+%26+ethics+%3A+a+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Law%2C+Medicine+%26+Ethics&rft.atitle=New+developments+in+public+health+case+law.&rft.au=Thiel%2C+Karen+Smith&rft.aulast=Thiel&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4+Suppl&rft.spage=86&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+law%2C+medicine+%26+ethics+%3A+a+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Law%2C+Medicine+%26+Ethics&rft.issn=10731105&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring the changing organization of work: international practices and new developments in the United States. AN - 71525052; 14758746 AB - Recent trends in the organization of work have raised concerns about their implications for safety and health in the workplace. Capacity for monitoring of these trends from an occupational safety and health perspective (also known as hazard surveillance) varies considerably across countries and regions. This forum article discusses current practices for monitoring the organization of work, noting strengths, limitations, and needs for improvement. Particular attention is given to the status of monitoring practices in the U.S., and new initiatives by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to improve upon these practices. JF - Sozial- und Praventivmedizin AU - Sauter, Steven L AU - Murphy, Lawrence R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Organizational Science and Human Factors Branch, Cincinnati, USA. ssauter@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 341 EP - 8; discussion 349-60 VL - 48 IS - 6 SN - 0303-8408, 0303-8408 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Europe KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Safety Management -- organization & administration KW - Risk Assessment KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Cross-Cultural Comparison KW - Industry -- organization & administration KW - Workplace -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71525052?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sozial-+und+Praventivmedizin&rft.atitle=Monitoring+the+changing+organization+of+work%3A+international+practices+and+new+developments+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Sauter%2C+Steven+L%3BMurphy%2C+Lawrence+R&rft.aulast=Sauter&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sozial-+und+Praventivmedizin&rft.issn=03038408&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a safety training program in three food service companies. AN - 71520009; 14733989 AB - Outcome measures for safety training effectiveness research often do not include measures such as occupational injury experience. Effectiveness mediators also receive sparse attention. A new safety training curriculum was delivered to workers in a stratified random sample of food service facilities across three companies. A similar group of facilities received usual training. We collected post-test measures of demographic variables, safety knowledge, perceptions of transfer of training climate, and workers' compensation claim data for one year after the initial training activities. Knowledge test scores were apparently higher in the new-training units than in the usual-training units. Some demographic variables were inconsistently associated with these differences. Evidence for reduction of the injury rate associated with the new training was observed from two companies but only approached significance for one company. A second company revealed a similar but non-significant trend. Knowledge scores were not significantly associated with lower injury rates. We found evidence that safety training increases knowledge and reduces injuries. We found almost no evidence of effects of training effectiveness mediators, including no relationship between safety knowledge and injury experience. Methodological issues related to conducting a large study may have influenced these results. Although safety training leads to greater knowledge and, in some cases, reduced occupational injuries, the influence of mediating variables remains to be fully explained. JF - Journal of safety research AU - Sinclair, Raymond C AU - Smith, Randall AU - Colligan, Michael AU - Prince, Mary AU - Nguyen, Trang AU - Stayner, Leslie AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C-10, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Rsinclair@csdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 547 EP - 558 VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Occupational Health KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Random Allocation KW - Humans KW - Curriculum KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Knowledge KW - Food Industry -- education KW - Education KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Food Services -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71520009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+safety+research&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+safety+training+program+in+three+food+service+companies.&rft.au=Sinclair%2C+Raymond+C%3BSmith%2C+Randall%3BColligan%2C+Michael%3BPrince%2C+Mary%3BNguyen%2C+Trang%3BStayner%2C+Leslie&rft.aulast=Sinclair&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=547&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+safety+research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Automated indexing of the Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB). AN - 71506852; 14728459 AB - The Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), produced and maintained by the National Library of Medicine (NLM), contains over 4600 records on potentially hazardous chemicals. To enhance information retrieval from HSDB, NLM has undertaken the development of an automated HSDB indexing protocol as part of its Indexing Initiative. The NLM Indexing Initiative investigates methods whereby automated indexing may partially or completely substitute for human indexing. The poster's purpose is to describe the HSDB Automated Indexing Project. JF - AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium AU - Nuss, Carlo AU - Chang, Hua Florence AU - Moore, Dorothy AU - Fonger, George C AD - National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 954 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - National Library of Medicine (U.S.) KW - Medical Subject Headings KW - Abstracting and Indexing as Topic -- methods KW - Databases, Factual KW - Automatic Data Processing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71506852?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMIA+...+Annual+Symposium+proceedings.+AMIA+Symposium&rft.atitle=Automated+indexing+of+the+Hazardous+Substances+Data+Bank+%28HSDB%29.&rft.au=Nuss%2C+Carlo%3BChang%2C+Hua+Florence%3BMoore%2C+Dorothy%3BFonger%2C+George+C&rft.aulast=Nuss&rft.aufirst=Carlo&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=954&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AMIA+...+Annual+Symposium+proceedings.+AMIA+Symposium&rft.issn=1942-597X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Guideline development for office-based pharmacotherapies for opioid dependence. AN - 71501822; 14723481 AB - The success of opioid agonist maintenance has stimulated efforts to make this form of treatment more available. Methadone medical maintenance, coordination of methadone services from a physician's office, has been offered as an alternative to narcotic treatment programs for stable, recovered and socially rehabilitated opioid dependent patients. Despite the successful implementation of methadone medical maintenance programs, a number of important questions regarding the appropriate guidelines for the use of this model of care remain. The current paper reviews the process and outcome of the Medical Maintenance Consensus Panel, which was convened for the federal Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. We outline the process and describe the two guidelines that were produced by this process that are targeted at physicians, narcotic treatment programs, and policy makers. JF - Journal of addictive diseases AU - Fiellin, David A AU - Barthwell, Andrea G AU - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8025, USA. david.fiellin@yale.edu ; Center for Substance Abuse Treatment Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 109 EP - 120 VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 1055-0887, 1055-0887 KW - Narcotics KW - 0 KW - Methadone KW - UC6VBE7V1Z KW - Index Medicus KW - Methadone -- therapeutic use KW - Humans KW - Narcotics -- therapeutic use KW - Family Practice -- education KW - Opioid-Related Disorders -- rehabilitation KW - Consensus Development Conferences as Topic KW - Opioid-Related Disorders -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71501822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+addictive+diseases&rft.atitle=Guideline+development+for+office-based+pharmacotherapies+for+opioid+dependence.&rft.au=Fiellin%2C+David+A%3BBarthwell%2C+Andrea+G%3BCenter+for+Substance+Abuse+Treatment&rft.aulast=Fiellin&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+addictive+diseases&rft.issn=10550887&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-26 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Demographic effects on the Trail Making Test in a drug abuse treatment sample. AN - 71333601; 14591477 AB - Appreciation of the importance of screening for cognitive impairment among substance abusing populations has increased in recent years. In this article, demographic effects on the Trail Making Test (TMT), a test often used for screening for cognitive impairment, are examined in a sample of patients in drug abuse treatment programs. A sample of 5,619 males and 2,902 females was drawn from electronic files of data from the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS). The DATOS was a naturalistic cohort study that collected data from 1991 to 1993 in 96 programs in 11 cities in the US. Data were analyzed to determine the effects of demographic variables on the two parts of the TMT in this large sample of patients. Consistent with previous research, demographic variables such as age, gender, education level, and ethnicity were statistically significantly related to both TMT Parts A and B. More importantly, however, the percentage of variance accounted for was quite small. These results suggest that, while clearly present, demographic effects on the TMT are weak. JF - Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists AU - Horton, Arthur MacNeill AU - Roberts, Charles AD - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Suite 840, Rockwall II Building, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. ahorton@samhsa.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 49 EP - 56 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0887-6177, 0887-6177 KW - Index Medicus KW - Demography KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Sampling Studies KW - Task Performance and Analysis KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Trail Making Test KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- therapy KW - Cognition Disorders -- etiology KW - Cognition Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71333601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+clinical+neuropsychology+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+National+Academy+of+Neuropsychologists&rft.atitle=Demographic+effects+on+the+Trail+Making+Test+in+a+drug+abuse+treatment+sample.&rft.au=Horton%2C+Arthur+MacNeill%3BRoberts%2C+Charles&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+clinical+neuropsychology+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+National+Academy+of+Neuropsychologists&rft.issn=08876177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-21 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Helping Yourself Heal: A Recovering Woman's Guide to Coping with Childhood Abuse Issues. AN - 62229134; ED475887 AB - This eight-page brochure identifies the many different feelings that recovering women have during substance abuse treatment. In addition, it identifies experiences generally considered as abuse, and common symptoms of adults who were abused as children. It also provides guidance on how to address childhood abuse issues while in treatment, as well as insights into how substance abuse counselors can help. A list of Federal and other selected resources is included. (GCP) Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 10 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345. Tel: 301-468-2600; Tel: 800-729-6686 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-487-4889 (TDD) (Toll Free); Web site: www.csat.samhsa.gov. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Community KW - Counselor Role KW - Rehabilitation Counseling KW - Substance Abuse KW - Females KW - Child Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62229134?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Impact of September 11, 2001 Events on Substance Use and Mental Health in the New York Area. AN - 62227609; ED473995 AB - Most studies dealing with the impact of September 11, 2001 events are limited by reliance on recall of individuals about their behaviors before and after the events. To understand the consequences of significant, unexpected events, it is useful to have baseline information for the purpose of comparison. This report examines the potential effects of the September 11 events on substance use and substance abuse treatment, mental health problems and treatment, and religiosity in the New York area using data from the 2000 and 2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA). Of interest is whether the events of September 11 were associated with changes in the prevalence of substance use or mental health problems in these areas. Because the terrorist acts occurred just prior to the beginning of the fourth quarter of 2001, data collected in the first three quarters of 2001 can be combined and compared with data collected in the fourth quarter. To account for any seasonal effects on these within-year comparisons, the 2000 NHSDA is also used for comparison since the survey in 2000 was almost identical to the one fielded in 2001. Analyses were done by age and gender. In general, relatively few significant changes were observed in problematic behavior following September 11. It is important to note, however, that the post-September 11 data were collected from October through December 2001. It is possible that there may be a lag effect in which behavioral influences are not apparent until a greater amount of time has passed. (Contains 25 references and 59 tables.) (GCP) Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 130 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345. Tel: 301-468-2600; Tel: 800-729-6686 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-487-4889 (TDD). For full text: http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/Sept11/toc.htm. KW - National Household Survey on Drug Abuse KW - September 11 Terrorist Attacks 2001 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Terrorism KW - Substance Abuse KW - Behavior Patterns KW - Mental Health KW - Data Analysis KW - Coping KW - Tables (Data) KW - Predictor Variables UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62227609?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Strategies for Developing Treatment Programs for People with Co-Occurring Substance Abuse and Mental Disorders. AN - 62226993; ED473993 AB - Increasingly, people receiving public-supported health care are seeking help for and/or presenting with both substance abuse and mental disorders. People with these co-occurring disorders often require help from many different care systems. Consequently, no single system of care is adequately prepared to help people with both mental and substance abuse disorders on its own, and many people with co-occurring disorders do not receive the continuum of specialized services they need. This project seeks to identify strategies of developing effective treatment programs for people with co-occurring disorders. A national screening of the mental health and substance abuse fields identified programs in diverse settings that deliver effective treatment for different types of people with co-occurring disorders. Project participants discussed community-based programs and evaluated systemic support at the State, county, and regional levels. Systems-level participants described their strategies to build more comprehensive services. Throughout the process, participants described a wide range of clinical, financial, programmatic, and training barriers to delivering treatment and building systems of care. However, none of these obstacles are insurmountable; indeed, with consistency and clarity, participants described how they overcame each one. Their approaches included: using replicable strategies and tools; employing strong leadership at both the provider and systems levels; and involving important stakeholders. Finally, this report outlines a series of recommendations and"next steps." Seven appendixes include a Co-Occurring Disorders by Severity Matrix, findings from expert panels, and training curricula. (GCP) Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 60 PB - SAMHSA, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 29857. Tel: 800-789-2647 (Toll Free). For full text: http://www.nccbh.org/cooccurringreport.pdf. KW - Dual Diagnosis KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Counselors KW - Practitioners KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Substance Abuse KW - Mental Disorders KW - Program Development KW - Delivery Systems KW - Counseling KW - Outcomes of Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62226993?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - U.S. Teens in Our World: Understanding the Health of U.S. Youth in Comparison to Youth in Other Countries. AN - 62169924; ED482836 AB - This chartbook investigates areas where U.S. adolescents' health or health-related behaviors emerged as significantly different from those of adolescents in other counties in positive, negative, or suggestive directions. Data come from the international Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study, which has coordinated comparable, nationally representative school-based surveys of teens every 4 years since 1985-86. The HBSC study examines adolescent health and health-related behavior in the context of family, school, and peers, using international comparisons to demonstrate common factors and highlight differences associated with cultural influences. This report provides data on teens age 15 years old, although the study addresses teens age 11, 13, and 15 years. Results are presented on: (1) "Health and Well-Being"; (2) "Fitness"; (3) "Family and Peer Relationships"; (4) "School Environment"; (5) "Smoking and Alcohol Use"; and (6) "Violence." Overall, U.S. youth are more likely to have stomachaches, headaches, backaches, and difficulty sleeping than students in most other countries, possibly related to fitness levels. U.S. students find it easy to make new friends but are among the least likely to consider students in their classrooms kind and helpful. U.S. youth are less likely to smoke than students in most countries. They rank relatively high for never or rarely feeling safe at school. (Chapters contain references.) (SM) Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 104 PB - HRSA Information Center, 2070 Chain Bridge Road, Suite 450, Vienna, VA 22182-2536. Tel: 703-442-9051; Tel: 888-ASK-HRSA (Toll Free); Web site: http://www.hrsa.gov. For full text: http://www.mchirc.net/HTML/us_teens/main_pages/toc.htm. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Drinking KW - Well Being KW - Student Characteristics KW - Physical Fitness KW - Violence KW - Secondary Education KW - Peer Relationship KW - Smoking KW - Foreign Countries KW - Educational Environment KW - Cultural Influences KW - Parent Child Relationship KW - Health Behavior KW - Cultural Differences KW - Physical Health KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62169924?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Indicators of Welfare Dependence: Annual Report to Congress, 2003. AN - 62168679; ED480454 AB - This sixth annual report provides welfare dependence indicators through 2000, reflecting changes since enactment of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act in 1996 and highlighting benefits under Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), now Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF); the Food Stamp program; and Supplement Security Income (SSI). Data from the Current Population Survey and administrative data provide updated measures through 2000 for several dependence indicators. In 2003, 3.0 percent of the total population was dependent (receiving more than half of total family income from TANF, food stamps, and/or SSI). This rate fell considerably from 5.2 percent in 1996. Preliminary data suggest that 2001 dependency rates will remain approximately 3.0 percent. The drop in dependence parallels the drop in AFDC/TANF and food stamp caseloads. In an average month in 2000, 59 percent of TANF recipients lived in families with at least one family member in the labor force. Comparable figures for food stamp and SSI recipients were 56 and 37 percent, respectively. Spells of AFDC/TANF receipt in the second half of the 1990s were shorter than spells of AFDC receipt in the early 1990s. As the dependency rate fell between 1996-2000, the poverty rate for all individuals fell from 13.7 to 11.3 percent. Three appendices present program data, alternative definition of dependence based on income from TANF and food stamps, and additional non-marital birth data. (SM) Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 162 PB - Office of Human Services Policy, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Hubert H. Humphrey Building, Room 404E, 200 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, DC 20201. Fax: 202-690-6562; Web site: http:/www.aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/index.htm. KW - Dependency (Economics) KW - Food Stamp Program KW - Personal Responsibility and Work Opp Recon Act KW - Supplemental Security Income Program KW - Temporary Assistance for Needy Families KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Early Parenthood KW - Substance Abuse KW - Employment Level KW - Welfare Reform KW - Dropout Rate KW - Welfare Services KW - Educational Attainment KW - Children KW - Job Skills KW - Child Support KW - Health Insurance KW - Poverty KW - Disabilities KW - Welfare Recipients KW - Wages KW - Unwed Mothers KW - Family Income KW - Tables (Data) KW - Adolescents KW - Predictor Variables UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62168679?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For the 2001 report, see ED 457 288. Contributors N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Results from the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. AN - 62167119; ED479833 AB - This report presents the first information from the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), an annual survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States aged 12 years old or older. Prior to 2002, the survey was called the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA). This initial report on the 2002 data presents national estimates of rates of use, numbers of users, and other measures related to illicit drugs, alcohol, and tobacco products. Measures related to mental health problems also are included. The results from the 2002 NSDUH are given in this report, which has separate chapters that discuss the national findings on eight topics: use of illicit drugs; use of alcohol; use of tobacco products; trends in lifetime use of substances; trends in initiation of substance use; prevention-related issues; substance dependence, abuse, and treatment; and mental health. A final chapter summarizes the results and discusses key findings in relation to other research and survey results. Technical appendices describe the survey, provide technical details on the survey methodology, discuss the effects of survey protocol changes on trend measurement, offer key NSDUH definitions, discuss other sources of data, list the references cited in the report (as well as other relevant references), and present selected tabulations of estimates. (Contains 132 references, 90 tables, and 51 figures.) (GCP) Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 273 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345. Tel: 301-468-2600; Tel: 800-729-6686 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-487-4889 (TDD) (Toll Free). For full text: http://www.samhsa.gov. For full text: http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/nhsda/2k2nsduh/Results/2k2Results.htm#toc. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Smoking KW - Prevention KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Substance Abuse KW - Incidence KW - Mental Health KW - National Surveys KW - Tables (Data) KW - Drug Rehabilitation KW - Trend Analysis KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62167119?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For report overview, see CG 032 5401. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Children's Program Kit: Supportive Education for Children of Addicted Parents. AN - 62165608; ED478694 AB - Approximately one in four children in the United States is exposed to alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence in the family. Countless other children are living in families in which there is illicit drug abuse. Growing evidence suggests that genetics and environmental factors can predispose children of substance abusing parents to behavioral problems or to abuse alcohol or illegal drugs themselves. These children are also at a higher-than-average risk for problems in school and in social relationships. Treatment providers report that, while they recognize that the children of their clients also have needs, they often do not have the tools and resources to respond. This compendium of materials provides treating professionals and programs with just those tools and resources. The"Children's Program Kit" is a valuable resource for treatment providers and prevention centers that aim to help children make sense of what they've been experiencing, cope with the stresses of their families' problems, and strengthen their potential for resilience. The kit contains complete inservice training on this issue for substance abuse treatment and counseling staff, as well as school personnel and community leaders. There are strategies and tools for therapists to use with their clients who may be both parents and children. There is a detailed curriculum with five separate activities for elementary, middle school, and high school youth, or 15 activities in all. Sample letters to addicted parents appealing to them to support their children's participation in the program are provided. The Kit also contains videos, posters, fliers, and evaluation forms. (GCP) Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 242 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345. Tel: 301-468-2600; Tel: 800-729-6686 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-487-4889 (TDD) (Toll Free). For full text: http://www.samhsa.gov. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Counselors KW - Support Staff KW - Family Environment KW - Drug Addiction KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Resilience (Personality) KW - Children KW - Behavior Problems KW - Prevention KW - Counselor Training KW - Counseling Techniques KW - Parent Child Relationship KW - Family Problems KW - Alcoholism KW - Coping UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62165608?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - In addition to guidebook, kit contains three video N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Overview of Findings from the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. AN - 62163849; ED479834 AB - This report presents the first information from the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), an annual survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States aged 12 years old or older. Prior to 2002, the survey was called the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA). This brief Overview report provides a concise summary of the main results from the 2002 NSDUH. A more complete presentation of the initial results of the survey is given in the full report, "Results from the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings." Both reports present the results in separate chapters that discuss the national findings on eight topics: use of illicit drugs; use of alcohol; use of tobacco products; trends in lifetime use of substances; trends in initiation of substance use; prevention-related issues; substance dependence, abuse, and treatment; and mental health. A final chapter summarizes the results and discusses key findings in relation to other research and survey results. Measures related to mental health problems also are included. A discussion of the changes in survey methodology, some of the reasons for these changes, and their impact on survey estimates is also outlined. This Overview report includes two tables showing the prevalence of substance use by age in an appendix. (GCP) Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 51 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345; Tel: 301-468-2600; Tel: 800-729-6686 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-487-4889 (TDD) (Toll Free). For full text: http://www.samhsa.gov. For full text: http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/nhsda/2k2nsduh/Overview/2k2Overview.htm#toc. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Smoking KW - Prevention KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Substance Abuse KW - Incidence KW - Mental Health KW - National Surveys KW - Tables (Data) KW - Drug Rehabilitation KW - Trend Analysis KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62163849?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For full report, see CG 032 541. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Women's Health USA, 2003. AN - 62163522; ED479908 AB - This book provides a collection of current and historical data on some of the most pressing health challenges facing women, their families, and their communities. It is intended to be a concise reference for policymakers and program managers at the federal, state, and local levels. The book brings together the latest available data from various agencies within the federal government. Three chapters focus on: (1) "Population Characteristics" (U.S. population, U.S. female population by race, women and education, women in health professions schools, women in the labor force, women and federal programs, participation, and women and poverty); (2) "Health Status" (health behaviors, health indicators, maternal health, and special populations); and (3) "Health Services Utilization" (usual source of care, health insurance, Medicare and Medicaid, preventive care, Title X family planning services, Title V abstinence education, programs, HIV testing, medication use, dental care, hospitalizations, mental health care utilization, home health and hospice care, and health care expenditures). (SM) Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 83 PB - HRSA Information Center, Circle Solutions, Inc., 2710 Prosperity Avenue, Suite 200, Fairfax, VA 22031 Tel: 703-902-1243; Tel: 888-ASK-HRSA (Toll Free); Web site: http://www.hrsa.gov/womenshealth. For full text: http://www.hsrnet.com/pubs/whusa03/WHUSA03-color.pdf. KW - Maternal Health KW - Medicaid KW - Medicare KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Administrators KW - Policymakers KW - Communicable Diseases KW - Death KW - Substance Abuse KW - Chronic Illness KW - Immigrants KW - Prenatal Care KW - Racial Differences KW - Rural Areas KW - Pregnancy KW - Older Adults KW - Health Services KW - Public Health KW - Urban Areas KW - Poverty KW - Health Behavior KW - Employed Women KW - Access to Health Care KW - Females KW - Population Trends UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62163522?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Medication Assisted Treatment for the 21st Century: Community Education Kit. AN - 62156480; ED478679 AB - The need to support the success of individuals in methadone-assisted recovery, and the recent availability of new pharmacologic treatment options for opioid dependence, calls for an information tool that underscores the evidence-based benefits of medication assisted treatment for opioid dependence. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), produced this education kit in collaboration with a host of opioid dependence treatment professional, service providers, and individuals in recovery from opioid dependence. This tool addresses key questions related to new and existing opioid dependency medications and the new roles for opioid dependence service delivery systems. The materials included here can be used by local alcohol and drug treatment providers to broaden the knowledge base about methadone and other medication-related options for the treatment of opioid dependence. This education kit also includes information on how to best approach and sustain an ongoing dialogue with key community stakeholders about the establishment, expansion, or sustainability of community-based treatment programs that use medication-supported treatment options. Most importantly, this kit contains key suggestions as to how to develop a coordinated community education effort aimed at reducing the stigma associated with opioid dependence and its service delivery systems. (Author) Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 32 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345. Tel: 301-468-2600; Tel: 800-729-6686 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-487-4889 (TDD). For full text: http://www.samhsa.gov. KW - Methadone KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Substance Abuse KW - Drug Addiction KW - Counseling Techniques KW - Pharmacology KW - Program Development KW - Delivery Systems KW - Drug Rehabilitation KW - Outcomes of Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62156480?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF): Report to Congress for FY2002 and FY2003 AN - 61934986; ED499399 AB - This report describes and analyzes current information about the Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) from a variety of sources, including State plans, expenditure reports, administrative data reports, and research. The report also includes information about training and technical assistance that is provided to States, Territories, and Tribes. This report consists of eight parts. Part I provides background on the CCDF program including funding, eligibility requirements, a description of how funds may be used, information about program administration, and key child care and CCDF terms. Part II provides information from aggregate and case-level data reported by States for FY 2002 and FY 2003 (October 1 through September 30), including information about children receiving subsidized care and the providers who cared for them. Part III summarizes expenditure data obtained from State quarterly financial reports on expenditures in FY 2002 and FY 2003. Part IV summarizes information reported by States in their CCDF plans for FY 2002 and FY 2003. States are required to submit plans every 2 years that describe how they will implement CCDF policies and services. Part V describes child care services provided by Indian Tribes that receive CCDF funding. Part VI describes ongoing research efforts, highlighting projects funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and summarizing some of the latest research findings about child care. Part VII describes training and technical assistance provided by CCB to assist States, Territories, and Tribes in administering CCDF, including the Bureau's efforts with the President's Good Start, Grow Smart initiative. Part VIII, the Appendix, provides detailed information about services provided as reported in the FY 2002 and FY 2003 State aggregate and case-level reports, State policies and practices from Biennial State Plans for FY 2002 and FY 2003, and CCB-funded research initiatives. (Contains 15 tables and 6 figures.) Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 149 PB - Child Care Bureau. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Family Assistance, 370 L'Enfant Promenade SW, 5th Floor East, Washington, DC 20447. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Early Childhood Education KW - Financial Support KW - Program Descriptions KW - Research Reports KW - Program Administration KW - Content Analysis KW - Training Objectives KW - Child Care KW - Annual Reports KW - Expenditures KW - Endowment Funds KW - Tribes KW - Human Services KW - Statewide Planning KW - Technical Assistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61934986?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Childlessness on Nursing Home and Home Health Care Use AN - 61553757; 200400502 AB - This study examines the likelihood of nursing home & home health care use for childless older Americans. Four research questions are addressed: (1) Are the childless elderly at a greater risk of nursing home & home health care use? (2) Is it childlessness per se or not having children with particular characteristics that affects the likelihood of using these formal long-term care services? (3) Does having additional children beyond the first one have a significant effect on the use of these services? (4) Are the effects of childlessness different on the likelihood of nursing home & home health care use? Longitudinal data from the first (1993) & second (1995) waves of the Asset & Health Dynamics among the Oldest Old Survey & multinomial logistic regression models are used for the analyses, with separate models developed for women & men, each controlling for a variety of demographic, socioeconomic, & health-related characteristics. Findings indicate childlessness as an important risk factor, especially for older women's use of nursing home services. Implications for planning for long-term care needs of the baby boom generation are discussed. 3 Tables, 52 References. Adapted from the source document. COPIES ARE AVAILABLE FROM: HAWORTH DOCUMENT DELIVERY CENTER, The Haworth Press, Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580 JF - Journal of Aging & Social Policy AU - Aykan, Hakan AD - Division Disability/Aging/Long-Term Care Policy, US Dept Health & Human Services, Washington, DC hakan.aykan@hhs.gov Y1 - 2003///0, PY - 2003 DA - 0, 2003 SP - 33 EP - 53 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0895-9420, 0895-9420 KW - Caregivers KW - Childlessness KW - Risk Factors KW - Elderly KW - Home Health Care KW - Parent Child Relations KW - Nursing Homes KW - Health Care Utilization KW - article KW - 6127: social gerontology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61553757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aging+%26+Social+Policy&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Childlessness+on+Nursing+Home+and+Home+Health+Care+Use&rft.au=Aykan%2C+Hakan&rft.aulast=Aykan&rft.aufirst=Hakan&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aging+%26+Social+Policy&rft.issn=08959420&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 52 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - JSPOE8 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Elderly; Childlessness; Caregivers; Risk Factors; Parent Child Relations; Health Care Utilization; Nursing Homes; Home Health Care ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF): fifth annual report to Congress AN - 59948590; 2003-1204180 AB - Data about welfare caseloads, family employment and earnings, marriage and two-parent families, out-of-wedlock births, and state policy choices; since 1996, chiefly; US. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, 2003. Y1 - 2003///0, PY - 2003 DA - 0, 2003 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Wages and salaries -- United States -- Statistics KW - Public welfare -- United States -- Statistics KW - Family allowances -- United States -- Statistics KW - Unmarried couples -- United States -- Statistics KW - Births -- United States -- Statistics KW - United States -- Social policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59948590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Temporary+Assistance+for+Needy+Families+%28TANF%29%3A+fifth+annual+report+to+Congress&rft.title=Temporary+Assistance+for+Needy+Families+%28TANF%29%3A+fifth+annual+report+to+Congress&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/ofa/annualreport5 LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Document feature - chart(s), link(s), map(s), table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geologic hazards and roof stability in coal mines AN - 51879311; 2004-021562 AB - The U.S. underground coal miner faces a continuing hazard from the fall of roof. At the root of many injuries and fatalities are weak or defective roof strata. Throughout mining history, millions of miles of entry have provided exposure of every conceivable geologic roof hazard. This report describes the geologic origin, association, and potential danger from the most common hazards. Discussions of weak rock include drawrock, rider coals, head coal, stackrock, and stream valley effects. Discontinuities, or roof defects, are described including, clay veins, slickensides, joints, and paleochannels. A number of examples from U.S. coalfields are used to document geologic structure and associated hazards. Roof fall analysis is a methodology used by NIOSH for hazard recognition and prevention; its application and benefit to the industry are discussed. JF - Information Circular - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health AU - Molinda, Gregory M Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 33 PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA KW - United States KW - lineation KW - mines KW - Illinois KW - geologic hazards KW - roof control KW - stress KW - coal mines KW - weak rocks KW - stability KW - joints KW - rock mechanics KW - case studies KW - fractures KW - safety KW - style KW - mining geology KW - slickensides KW - Pennsylvania KW - faults KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51879311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Molinda%2C+Gregory+M&rft.aulast=Molinda&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Geologic+hazards+and+roof+stability+in+coal+mines&rft.title=Geologic+hazards+and+roof+stability+in+coal+mines&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 49 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. block diags., sects., sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendix N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04567 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - case studies; coal mines; faults; fractures; geologic hazards; Illinois; joints; lineation; mines; mining geology; Pennsylvania; rock mechanics; roof control; safety; slickensides; stability; stress; style; United States; weak rocks ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Method to determine the effects of rotary drilling parameters and overburden rock on silica-dust generation AN - 51827845; 2004-052191 AB - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is conducting research to reduce the silica-dust exposure of workers at surface coal mines. One goal of this research is to evaluate the relationship between drilling parameters, rock strata and silica-dust generation. This study involved measuring blast-hole emission dust from a rotary drill rig. The drill rig, which produces high concentrations of dust (>400 mg/m (super 3) ) in high-velocity air streams, was being sampled for respirable silica dust. To measure dust initially, traditional sampling methods using personal sampling instruments were attempted in and around the shroud area of the drill with no success. Variations in the dust cloud concentrations under the shroud, the condition of the shroud and its orientation over the hole and ambient air conditions prevented consistent and accurate dust measurements from being obtained. A more consistent dust cloud is necessary for accurate measurements. An area of the drill's dust-collector system that consistently draws the emitted airborne dust from the hole is the collector tube. This tube connects the drill collector's vacuum and dust-filtration system to the shroud area. Assuming the collector system is working as designed, sampling from the collector tube would enable more consistent and accurate samples to be taken. However, current personal samplers are unable to sample in the concentrations and velocities experienced in the collector tube, so another method had to be devised. To achieve the desired results, an in-stack cascade cyclone was used. Preliminary field testing has shown positive results. JF - Transactions of Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration AU - Listak, J M Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 102 EP - 106 PB - Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Littleton, CO VL - 314 SN - 1075-8623, 1075-8623 KW - respiration KW - mines KW - experimental studies KW - clastic sediments KW - silica dust KW - preventive measures KW - human ecology KW - environmental management KW - laboratory studies KW - safety KW - silicosis KW - dust KW - sediments KW - drilling KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51827845?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+Society+for+Mining%2C+Metallurgy%2C+and+Exploration&rft.atitle=Method+to+determine+the+effects+of+rotary+drilling+parameters+and+overburden+rock+on+silica-dust+generation&rft.au=Listak%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Listak&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=314&rft.issue=&rft.spage=102&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+Society+for+Mining%2C+Metallurgy%2C+and+Exploration&rft.issn=10758623&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - clastic sediments; drilling; dust; environmental management; experimental studies; human ecology; laboratory studies; mines; preventive measures; respiration; safety; sediments; silica dust; silicosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Finite Element Analysis of Hepatic Radiofrequency Ablation Probes using Temperature-Dependent Electrical Conductivity AN - 21235351; 7683086 AB - Background Few finite element models (FEM) have been developed to describe the electric field, specific absorption rate (SAR), and the temperature distribution surrounding hepatic radiofrequency ablation probes. To date, a coupled finite element model that accounts for the temperature-dependent electrical conductivity changes has not been developed for ablation type devices. While it is widely acknowledged that accounting for temperature dependent phenomena may affect the outcome of these models, the effect has not been assessed. Methods The results of four finite element models are compared: constant electrical conductivity without tissue perfusion, temperature-dependent conductivity without tissue perfusion, constant electrical conductivity with tissue perfusion, and temperature-dependent conductivity with tissue perfusion. Results The data demonstrate that significant errors are generated when constant electrical conductivity is assumed in coupled electrical-heat transfer problems that operate at high temperatures. These errors appear to be closely related to the temperature at which the ablation device operates and not to the amount of power applied by the device or the state of tissue perfusion. Conclusion Accounting for temperature-dependent phenomena may be critically important in the safe operation of radiofrequency ablation device that operate near 100 degree C. JF - BioMedical Engineering OnLine AU - Chang, Isaac AD - 1 Office of Science and Technology, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville MD USA, iac@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 12 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Middlesex House VL - 2 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Data processing KW - Mathematical models KW - Perfusion KW - Electrical conductivity KW - Electric fields KW - Liver KW - Probes KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21235351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioMedical+Engineering+OnLine&rft.atitle=Finite+Element+Analysis+of+Hepatic+Radiofrequency+Ablation+Probes+using+Temperature-Dependent+Electrical+Conductivity&rft.au=Chang%2C+Isaac&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BioMedical+Engineering+OnLine&rft.issn=1475-925X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1475-925X-2-12 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Perfusion; Electrical conductivity; Temperature effects; Mathematical models; Probes; Liver; Data processing; Electric fields DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-925X-2-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simultaneous Non-inferiority Test of Sensitivity and Specificity for Two Diagnostic Procedures in the Presence of a Gold Standard AN - 21139244; 11157479 AB - Sensitivity and specificity have traditionally been used to assess the performance of a diagnostic procedure. Diagnostic procedures with both high sensitivity and high specificity are desirable, but these procedures are frequently too expensive, hazardous, and/or difficult to operate. A less sophisticated procedure may be preferred, if the loss of the sensitivity or specificity is determined to be clinically acceptable. This paper addresses the problem of simultaneous testing of sensitivity and specificity for an alternative test procedure with a reference test procedure when a gold standard is present. The hypothesis is formulated as a compound hypothesis of two non-inferiority (one-sided equivalence) tests. We present an asymptotic test statistic based on the restricted maximum likelihood estimate in the framework of comparing two correlated proportions under the prospective and retrospective sampling designs. The sample size and power of an asymptotic test statistic are derived. The actual type I error and power are calculated by enumerating the exact probabilities in the rejection region. For applications that require high sensitivity as well as high specificity, a large number of positive subjects and a large number of negative subjects are needed. We also propose a weighted sum statistic as an alternative test by comparing a combined measure of sensitivity and specificity of the two procedures. The sample size determination is independent of the sampling plan for the two tests. JF - Biometrical Journal AU - Chen, James J AU - Hsueh, Huey-miin AU - Liu, Jen-pei AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, jchen@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 47 EP - 60 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 45 IS - 1 SN - 0323-3847, 0323-3847 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Statistics KW - Biometrics KW - Sampling KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21139244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biometrical+Journal&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+Non-inferiority+Test+of+Sensitivity+and+Specificity+for+Two+Diagnostic+Procedures+in+the+Presence+of+a+Gold+Standard&rft.au=Chen%2C+James+J%3BHsueh%2C+Huey-miin%3BLiu%2C+Jen-pei&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biometrical+Journal&rft.issn=03233847&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbimj.200290015 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sampling; Biometrics; Statistics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bimj.200290015 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid Detection and Determination of the Aerodynamic Size Range of Airborne Mycobacteria Associated with Whirlpools AN - 19933846; 6095588 AB - Novel environmental air and water mycobacteria sampling and analytical methods are needed to circumvent difficulties associated with the use of culture-based methodologies. To implement this objective, a commercial, clinical, genus DNA amplification method utilizing the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was interfaced with novel air sampling strategies in the laboratory. Two types of air samplers, a three-piece plastic, disposable filter cassette and an eight-stage micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI), were used in these studies. In both samplers, 37-mm polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filters were used. Use of the MOUDI sampler permitted the capture of airborne mycobacteria in discrete size ranges, an important parameter for relating the airborne mycobacteria cells to potential respirable particles (aerodynamic diameter -10 mu m) capable of causing health effects. Analysis of the samples was rapid, requiring only 1-1.5 days, as no microbial culturing or DNA purification was required.Original Abstract: This approach was then used to detect suspected mycobacteria contamination associated with pools at a large public facility. PCR was also used to analyze various water samples from these pools. Again, no culturing or sample purification was required. Water samples taken from all ultraviolet light/hydrogen peroxide-treated whirlpools tested positive for the presence of mycobacteria. No mycobacteria were detected in the chlorine-treated pools and the water main supply facility. All air samples collected in the proximity of the indoor whirlpools and the associated changing rooms were strongly positive for airborne mycobacteria. The airborne mycobacteria particles were predominantly collected on MOUDI stages 1-6 representing an aerodynamic size range of 0.5 to 9.9 [mu]m. In conclusion, using this approach permits the rapid detection of mycobacteria contamination as well as the routine monitoring of suspected pools. The approach circumvents problems associated with culture-based methods such as fungal overgrowth on agar plates, and the presence of nonculturable or difficult to culture mycobacteria strains. JF - Applied Occupational & Environmental Hygiene AU - Schafer, M P AU - Martinez, K F AU - Mathews, E S AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 41 EP - 50 PB - Elsevier Science Inc., Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com] VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - whirlpools KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Mycobacteria KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) KW - Whirlpools KW - Hot Tubs KW - Bioaerosol KW - Particle size KW - Deposits KW - Water sampling KW - Airborne microorganisms KW - Particulates KW - polytetrafluoroethylene KW - Samplers KW - Diameter KW - Filters KW - Air purification KW - Recreation areas KW - Aerodynamics KW - Analysis KW - Detection KW - Air sampling KW - DNA KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Purification KW - Sampling KW - Plastics KW - Environmental hygiene KW - Size KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02450:Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19933846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Rapid+Detection+and+Determination+of+the+Aerodynamic+Size+Range+of+Airborne+Mycobacteria+Associated+with+Whirlpools&rft.au=Schafer%2C+M+P%3BMartinez%2C+K+F%3BMathews%2C+E+S&rft.aulast=Schafer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Deposits; polytetrafluoroethylene; Samplers; Filters; Diameter; Analysis; Detection; DNA; Polymerase chain reaction; Plastics; Sampling; Purification; Size; Environmental hygiene; Particle size; Water sampling; Recreation areas; Air purification; Aerodynamics; Airborne microorganisms; Air sampling; Particulates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Timeline: The Common Technical Document: the changing face of the New Drug Application AN - 19890429; 7964337 AB - Drug approval is the goal of the long process of drug development. Once preclinical and clinical trial data have been collected, a New Drug Application must be submitted to the regulatory authority for approval. Although the requirements for this submission have similarities around the world, until now, the applications have been different. Regulatory authorities working under the umbrella of the International Conference on Harmonisation are hoping that the development of the Common Technical Document will soon harmonize the application procedure, and make this process simpler for applicants. JF - Nature Reviews: Drug Discovery AU - Molzon, Justina AD - Justina A. Molzon is Associate Director for International Programs of the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA., molzonj@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 71 EP - 74 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building 4 Crinan Street London N1 9XW UK, [mailto:feedback@nature.com], [URL:http://www.nature.com/] VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1474-1784, 1474-1784 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Data processing KW - Conferences KW - Drug development KW - Drugs KW - Clinical trials KW - W 30915:Pharmaceuticals & Vaccines UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19890429?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Reviews%3A+Drug+Discovery&rft.atitle=Timeline%3A+The+Common+Technical+Document%3A+the+changing+face+of+the+New+Drug+Application&rft.au=Molzon%2C+Justina&rft.aulast=Molzon&rft.aufirst=Justina&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Reviews%3A+Drug+Discovery&rft.issn=14741784&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnrd990 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Conferences; Drug development; Clinical trials; Drugs DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd990 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Challenges for Risk Assessors AN - 19609418; 7322562 AB - At the early part of the 21st century, occupational safety and health risk assessors face a variety of challenges. In addition to technical issues, the challenges for risk assessors include: assessment of risks of mixtures/and synergistic effects; incorporation of biological information into risk assessments; development of different ways of presenting risk information to better inform policy makers and the public; better expressions of uncertainty and assumptions; and harmonization of assessments across agencies and countries. All of these challenges will occur against a background of unfolding understanding of human and other genomes. Risk assessors will be motivated and pressured to use genomic and related technologies, but ethical, social, and technical issues need to be addressed before widespread use. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - Schulte, P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Robert Taft Labs, MS C14, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, PSchulte@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 439 EP - 445 PB - CRC Press LLC, 2000 Corporate Blvd., NW Boca Raton FL 33431 USA, [mailto:journals@crcpress.com], [URL:http://www.crcpress.com] VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - risk assessment KW - models KW - uncertainty KW - mechanisms KW - genomics KW - Uncertainty KW - Ethics KW - Occupational safety KW - Occupational health KW - Technology KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19609418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Challenges+for+Risk+Assessors&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F1080703031877212 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Uncertainty; Ethics; Occupational safety; Technology; Occupational health DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1080703031877212 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Extrahepatic Hepatitis C Virus Replication by a Novel, Highly Sensitive, Single-Tube Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction AN - 19596620; 8858863 AB - We established a cell culture system for the replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) by using human T and B leukemia cell lines. These 2 cell lines were infected in vitro by using HCV-positive pooled patient serum samples. HCV RNA was extracted from infected cell lines at different times after infection, and a sequence of the virus 5' untranslated region was analyzed. Hepatitis C minus-strand RNA was detected in the infected cell lines by highly strand-specific rTth (recombinant Thermus thermophllus DNA polymerase)-based reverse transcription followed by a novel, highly sensitive, single-tube nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. PCR products were analyzed by direct DNA sequencing. These results indicate that the HCV can replicate in T and B lymphocytes. This model should represent a valuable tool for the detailed study of the initial steps of the HCV replication cycle and for the evaluation of antiviral molecules. JF - American Journal of Clinical Pathology AU - Hu, Y AU - Shahidi, A AU - Park, S AU - Gullfoyie, D AU - Hirshfield, I AD - Microbiological Sciences Branch, Northeast Regional, Laboratory, US Food and Drug Administration, Jamaica, NY, USA Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 95 EP - 100 VL - 119 IS - 1 SN - 0002-9173, 0002-9173 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - Molecular modelling KW - Replication KW - Lymphocytes B KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Cell culture KW - Infection KW - Reverse transcription KW - Tumor cell lines KW - DNA sequencing KW - Hepatitis C virus KW - RNA KW - Thermus KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Hepatitis C KW - N 14810:Methods KW - A 01300:Methods KW - J 02340:Antibiotics & Antimicrobials KW - V 22370:Oncology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19596620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Clinical+Pathology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Extrahepatic+Hepatitis+C+Virus+Replication+by+a+Novel%2C+Highly+Sensitive%2C+Single-Tube+Nested+Polymerase+Chain+Reaction&rft.au=Hu%2C+Y%3BShahidi%2C+A%3BPark%2C+S%3BGullfoyie%2C+D%3BHirshfield%2C+I&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marriage+%26+Family+Review&rft.issn=01494929&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F01494929.2012.762443 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Molecular modelling; DNA sequencing; Tumor cell lines; RNA; Lymphocytes B; Replication; Nucleotide sequence; Polymerase chain reaction; Cell culture; Hepatitis C; Infection; Reverse transcription; Hepatitis C virus; Thermus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Commercial Broilers in Northeastern Georgia AN - 19519481; 5655889 AB - Staphylococcus aureus is an important opportunist that can cause superficial to life-threatening illnesses in a variety of animal species. In poultry, this organism has been implicated in osteomyelitis, synovitis, and cellulitis. Whereas most infections can be treated with antibiotics, because of the organism's propensity to acquire antimicrobial resistance, it is important to continually monitor antibiotic susceptibilities of clinical isolates. We surveyed 77 clinical poultry S. aureus isolates, collected from 1998 to 2000, for susceptibilities to a panel of 18 antimicrobial agents. Thirty-six percent of isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics. Forty-three and 16% of avian S. aureus were resistant to one and two antibiotics respectively. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were commonly resistant to tetracycline (40%; minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC]90 > 32 mu g/ml), lincomycin (19%; MIC90 > 32 mu g/ml), erythromycin (12%; MIC90 > 8 mu g/ml), and kanamycin (8%; MIC90 32 mu g/ml, el 19% a la lincomicina (CIM90 > 32 mu g/ml), el 12% a la eritromicina (CIM90 > 8 mu g/ml), el 8% a la kanamicina (CIM90 < 128 mu g/ml). La totalidad de los aislamientos de S. aureus fueron susceptibles al cloranfenicol, gentamicina, estreptomicina, nitrofurantoina, linezolid, quinupristina/dalfopristina, vancomicina y a los agentes antimicrobianos virginiamicina, salinomicina y flavomicina que son empleados en produccion. Una evaluacion periodica de la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de los agentes patogenos importantes en avicultura tales como el S. aureus sera de gran ayuda para la toma de decisiones por parte de los clinicos sobre el tipo de antibiotico a emplear para controlar una infeccion. double prime bbreviations: MIC = minimal inhibitory concentration; MRSA = methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; NCCLS = National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards JF - Avian Diseases AU - White, D G AU - Ayers, S AU - Maurer, J J AU - Thayer, S G AU - Hofacre, C AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, The Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708 Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 203 EP - 210 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Poultry KW - Drug resistance KW - Kanamycin KW - Antibiotics KW - Streptomycin KW - Tetracyclines KW - Infection KW - Cellulitis KW - Vancomycin KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Linezolid KW - Clinical isolates KW - Chloramphenicol KW - Dalfopristin KW - Virginiamycin KW - Lincomycin KW - quinupristin KW - Pathogens KW - Erythromycin KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Gentamicin KW - Salinomycin KW - Synovitis KW - Osteomyelitis KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases KW - A 01340:Antibiotics & Antimicrobials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19519481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+Susceptibilities+of+Staphylococcus+aureus+Isolated+from+Commercial+Broilers+in+Northeastern+Georgia&rft.au=White%2C+D+G%3BAyers%2C+S%3BMaurer%2C+J+J%3BThayer%2C+S+G%3BHofacre%2C+C&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282003%29047%280203%3AASOSAI%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clinical isolates; Dalfopristin; Poultry; Chloramphenicol; Drug resistance; Virginiamycin; Antibiotics; Lincomycin; Kanamycin; Pathogens; Streptomycin; quinupristin; Infection; Tetracyclines; Erythromycin; Antimicrobial agents; Gentamicin; Cellulitis; Salinomycin; Synovitis; Vancomycin; Linezolid; Osteomyelitis; Staphylococcus aureus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2003)047(0203:ASOSAI)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporally and spectrally resolved fluorescence spectroscopy for the detection of high grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus AN - 19467284; 8029770 AB - Background and Objectives Temporal and spectral fluorescence spectroscopy can identify adenomatous colonic polyps accurately. In this study, these techniques were examined as a potential means of improving the surveillance of high grade dysplasia (HGD) in Barrett's esophagus (BE). Study Design/Materials and Methods Using excitation wavelengths of 337 and 400 nm, 148 fluorescence spectra, and 108 transient decay profiles (at 550±20 nm) were obtained endoscopically in 37 patients. Corresponding biopsies were collected and classified as carcinoma, HGD, or low risk tissue (LRT) [non-dysplastic BE, indefinite for dysplasia (IFD), and low grade dysplasia (LGD)]. Diagnostic algorithms were developed retrospectively using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to separate LRT from HGD. Results LDA produced diagnostic algorithms based solely on spectral data. Moderate levels of sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) were obtained for both 337 nm (Se=74%, Sp=67%) and 400 nm (Se=74%, Sp=85%) excitation. Conclusions In the diagnosis of HGD in BE, steady-state fluorescence was more effective than time-resolved data, and excitation at 400 nm excitation was more effective than 337 nm. While fluorescence-targeted biopsy is approaching clinical usefulness, increased sensitivity to dysplastic changes-possibly through modification of system parameters-is needed to improve accuracy levels. Lasers Surg. Med. 32:10-16,2003. JF - Lasers in Surgery and Medicine AU - Pfefer, T Joshua AU - Paithankar, Dilip Y AU - Poneros, John M AU - Schomacker, Kevin T AU - Nishioka, Norman S AD - Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine and Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, josh@eob.cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 10 EP - 16 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 0196-8092, 0196-8092 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - fluorescence spectroscopy KW - Dysplasia KW - Risk factors KW - Barrett's esophagus KW - Algorithms KW - Biopsy KW - Lasers KW - Polyps KW - Wavelength KW - Carcinoma KW - W 30905:Medical Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19467284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lasers+in+Surgery+and+Medicine&rft.atitle=Temporally+and+spectrally+resolved+fluorescence+spectroscopy+for+the+detection+of+high+grade+dysplasia+in+Barrett%27s+esophagus&rft.au=Pfefer%2C+T+Joshua%3BPaithankar%2C+Dilip+Y%3BPoneros%2C+John+M%3BSchomacker%2C+Kevin+T%3BNishioka%2C+Norman+S&rft.aulast=Pfefer&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lasers+in+Surgery+and+Medicine&rft.issn=01968092&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Flsm.10136 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fluorescence spectroscopy; Dysplasia; Risk factors; Algorithms; Barrett's esophagus; Polyps; Lasers; Biopsy; Wavelength; Carcinoma DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lsm.10136 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonlinear and viscoelastic characteristics of skin under compression: experiment and analysis AN - 19343516; 8718635 AB - In physiological loading conditions, the soft tissues in the hands and fingers are predominantly in compression. The goal of the present study was to characterize the nonlinear and time-dependent behavior of skin in compression. The pigskin samples used in the study were collected from five different animals. The compression tests were performed in confined and unconfined loading configurations and at four different loading speeds [lpar ]0.5, 1.0, 40, and 400 [mu ]m[sol ]s[rpar ]. A multi-axial material model was proposed to simulate the nonlinear and viscoelastic behavior of the skin in compression. The good agreement between the model predictions and experimental data suggests that the mechanical behavior of the skin in compression can be well characterized using the Ogden strain energy potential combined with a time-integration using a Prony series. Our results show that the stress[sol ]strain curve of the skin is much stiffer in confined compression compared to that in unconfined compression, indicating that the compressibility of the skin is small. JF - Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering AU - Wu, John Z AU - Dong, Ren G AU - Smutz, WPaul AU - Schopper, Aaron W AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 373 EP - 385 PB - IOS Press, 5795-G Burke Centre Pkwy VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 0959-2989, 0959-2989 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Data processing KW - Skin KW - Animal models KW - Hand KW - viscoelasticity KW - Finger KW - Models KW - Compression KW - Integration KW - Energy KW - Compressibility KW - Soft tissues KW - Mechanical properties KW - W 30920:Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19343516?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bio-Medical+Materials+and+Engineering&rft.atitle=Nonlinear+and+viscoelastic+characteristics+of+skin+under+compression%3A+experiment+and+analysis&rft.au=Wu%2C+John+Z%3BDong%2C+Ren+G%3BSmutz%2C+WPaul%3BSchopper%2C+Aaron+W&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bio-Medical+Materials+and+Engineering&rft.issn=09592989&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Skin; Data processing; Animal models; Hand; viscoelasticity; Compression; Models; Finger; Integration; Energy; Compressibility; Soft tissues; Mechanical properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monoclonal Antibodies to Avian Escherichia coli Iss AN - 19288374; 5655903 AB - Escherichia coli infections are a major problem for the poultry industry in the United States. Yet, the virulence mechanisms operative in avian E. coli are poorly understood. In the present studies, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been generated that may facilitate study of the pathogenesis of avian colibacillosis. These MAbs are directed against the Iss protein because results from our laboratory have shown that the possession of iss DNA sequences is strongly correlated with the E. coli implicated in avian colibacillosis. As part of an overall effort to explore the role of iss /Iss in colibacillosis pathogenesis, Iss protein has been purified, MAbs to Iss have been generated, and the MAbs are being evaluated. B cells from mice immunized with an Iss fusion to glutathione-S-transferase produced antibodies specifically against Iss, and these cells were used to generate the MAbs. These anti-Iss MAbs, when used in western blotting assays, can be used to distinguish iss -positive and -negative E. coli isolates, suggesting that they may be useful as reagents in the detection and study of virulent avian E. coli.Original Abstract: Anticuerpos monoclonales especificos para la proteina Iss de Escherichia coli. Lambda a infeccion por Escherichia coli es un problema comun en la industria avicola de los Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, los mecanismos de virulencia de E. coli en las especies aviares no han sido completamente aclarados. En este estudio se generaron anticuerpos monoclonales que pueden facilitar el estudio de la patogenesis de la colibacilosis aviar. Estos anticuerpos monoclonales fueron producidos con especificidad para la proteina Iss porque resultados obtenidos previamente en nuestro laboratorio demuestran que existe una fuerte correlacion entre la presencia de secuencias de ADN de iss, en cepas de E. coli implicadas en casos clinicos de colibacilosis aviar. Como parte de un estudio general encaminado a explorar el papel de la iss /Iss en la patogenesis de la colibacilosis, hemos purificado la proteina Iss y hemos generado anticuerpos monoclonales especificos para la proteina, los cuales estas siendo evaluados. Estos anticuerpos fueron producidos con linfocitos B obtenidos a partir de ratones inmunizados con una proteina de fusion entre la Iss y la transferasa de glutationa. Cuando se usaron estos anticuerpos monoclonales especificos contra la Iss en la tecnica de transferencia puntual de western, se pudo distinguir entre las cepas de E. coli que expresan o no la proteina Iss, lo cual sugiere que los mismos pueden ser una herramienta util en la deteccion y estudio de cepas aviares virulentas de E. coli. double prime bbreviations: Bio-CaM = biotinylated calmodulin; CBP = calmodulin binding peptide; DMEM = Dulbecco modified Eagle medium; ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FBS = fetal bovine serum; HAT selection medium = Dulbecco modified Eagle medium, 20% fetal bovine serum, 0.1 mM hypoxanthine, 0.016 mM thymidine, 0.004 mM aminopterin, penicillin (63 mu g/ml), streptomycin (0.1 mg/ml), fungizone (0.25 mu g/ml), 0.05 mM 2-mercaptoethanol; HT medium = HAT selection medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and no aminopterin; GST = glutathione S-transferase; IFA = incomplete Freund adjuvant; i.p. = intraperitoneal; IPTG = isopropyl- beta -d-thiogalactopyranoside; LB = Luria-Bertani; MAb = monoclonal antibody; PEG = polyethylene glycol, molecular weight 1000; PVDF = polyvinylidine difluoride; SAS = saturated ammonium sulfate; SDS-PAGE = sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis JF - Avian Diseases AU - Foley, S L AU - Horne, S M AU - Giddings, C W AU - Gustad, T R AU - Handegard, ED AU - Robinson, M AU - Nolan, L K AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708 Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 79 EP - 86 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Virulence KW - Western blotting KW - Poultry KW - Monoclonal antibodies KW - Lymphocytes B KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Escherichia coli KW - Colibacillosis KW - Glutathione transferase KW - Infection KW - J 02350:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19288374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Monoclonal+Antibodies+to+Avian+Escherichia+coli+Iss&rft.au=Foley%2C+S+L%3BHorne%2C+S+M%3BGiddings%2C+C+W%3BGustad%2C+T+R%3BHandegard%2C+ED%3BRobinson%2C+M%3BNolan%2C+L+K&rft.aulast=Foley&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282003%29047%280079%3AMATAEC%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Virulence; Western blotting; Poultry; Lymphocytes B; Monoclonal antibodies; Nucleotide sequence; Colibacillosis; Infection; Glutathione transferase; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2003)047(0079:MATAEC)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of environmental and job-task factors on workers' gait characteristics on slippery surfaces AN - 19269461; 5843723 AB - The objective of this study was to investigate the kinetic and kinematic aspects of slips associated with gait on a slippery surface under various environmental and job-task risk factors. Forty healthy industrial workers (age: 40.3 plus or minus 14.9 years) participated in the study. Using a strain gauge type force platform and a video-based motion analysis system, kinetic and kinematic measurements of the subjects' foot movements were obtained. Of all gait trials, there were 1558 slips (60.9%). Slips were likely to occur when subjects were negotiating a turning path and an oily surface. Greater anterior-posterior center of pressure (CP) excursion and maximum required coefficient of friction (RCOF) were found for oily surfaces compared to dry surfaces. Subjects changed their gait patterns by shortening their stride length, slowing walking speed, and decreasing heel contact angle in the poorly lit and slippery environment. Significant correlations were found between slip occurrence and anterior-posterior CP excursion, mean RCOF, sliding distance and sliding velocity, but not the coefficient of friction (COF) of shoes. In addition to good housekeeping and proper selection of floor materials and safety shoes, slip and fall prevention should include proper workers' training in dealing with risk factors of slips and falls in the workplace. JF - Occupational Ergonomics AU - Chiou, S S AU - Bhattacharya, A AU - Lai, C-F AU - Succop, P A AD - NIOSH, DSR, 1095 Willowdale Rd. M/S G-800, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, schiou@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 209 EP - 223 VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1359-9364, 1359-9364 KW - falls KW - floors KW - slips KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Occupational safety KW - Ergonomics KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19269461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Effects+of+environmental+and+job-task+factors+on+workers%27+gait+characteristics+on+slippery+surfaces&rft.au=Chiou%2C+S+S%3BBhattacharya%2C+A%3BLai%2C+C-F%3BSuccop%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Chiou&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+Ergonomics&rft.issn=13599364&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ergonomics; Occupational safety ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of drywall lifting method on workers' balance in a laboratory-based simulation AN - 19265477; 5843725 AB - Voluntary body movement can import a perturbation to the postural stability/balance of a human body. Heavy manual material handling such as drywall lifting may increase this perturbation. The objective of this laboratory-based study was to quantify workers' postural stability while lifting drywall sheets through kinetic and kinematic analyses, and to identify the drywall lifting methods that caused the least perturbation on workers' balance. Sixty male construction workers participated in this study. A simulated drywall-lifting workstation was built and all subjects performed one of the four randomly assigned lifting methods. Kinetic and kinematic measurements were synchronized and collected using a piezoelectric force platform and a five-camera motion analysis system. Both center-of-pressure (COP) and center-of-mass (COM) data were analyzed to assess workers' postural stability. Univariate analyses and principal component analyses (PCA) were used to analyze 13 COP-based and 21 COM-based variables. Results from the univariate analyses and PCA significantly indicated that the three horizontal lifting methods created less perturbation than the vertical lifting method. Based on the results of this study and prior studies, it is concluded that horizontal lifting with both hands on top of the drywall appears to be the best work practice to reduce manual drywall handling hazards associated with fall potential and overexertion injuries. JF - Occupational Ergonomics AU - Pan, C S AU - Chiou, S AU - Hendricks, S AD - Devision of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd., MS-G800, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA, cpan@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 235 EP - 249 VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1359-9364, 1359-9364 KW - drywall lifting KW - falls KW - lifting KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Materials handling KW - Occupational safety KW - Ergonomics KW - Construction industry KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19265477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+drywall+lifting+method+on+workers%27+balance+in+a+laboratory-based+simulation&rft.au=Pan%2C+C+S%3BChiou%2C+S%3BHendricks%2C+S&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+Ergonomics&rft.issn=13599364&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational safety; Construction industry; Ergonomics; Materials handling; Injuries ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protective Immunity of Pneumococcal Glycoconjugates AN - 19235014; 5797750 AB - Pneumococcal polysaccharides (PSs), designated as T-cell independent type 2 (TI-2) antigens, induce poor immune responses in young children. Splenic marginal zone B cells, associated with CD21, CD19 and C3d, play an important role in TI-2 antibody responses, and provide host defense against bacterial pathogens. Antibody response, avidity, and opsonophagocytic activity of antisera were examined in mice immunized with type 9V PS conjugated to inactivated pneulmolysin (Ply) or to autolysin (Aly). Compared to mice given 9V PS alone, serum IgG and IgM concentrations against the 9V PS were higher in mice immunized with conjugates. High concentrations of serum antibodies were maintained for over 12 weeks. The relative avidities of IgG and IgM antibodies and opsonophagocytic activity against 9V pneumococci were high in mice immunized with conjugates. Thus, conjugate vaccines can induce high as well as long duration of antibody response and effective functional activity. In another study, mice received intranasal immunization with type 9V conjugate or 9V PS. These animals produced 9V PS IgG and IgA antibodies in their serum, spleen, intestine, lung, Peyer's patch and fecal extract samples. Mice immunized with these glycoconjugates exhibited opsonophagocytic activity and rapid bacterial clearance from blood and provided homologous and cross-protection against challenge with virulent pneumococci. These results indicate that intranasal immunization with glycoconjugate vaccines may serve as an alternative and convenient approach for prevention of pneumococcal infection. JF - Critical Reviews in Microbiology AU - Lee, C-J AU - Lee, L H AU - Frasch, CE AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA, lee_chi@cber.FDA.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 333 EP - 349 VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 1040-841X, 1040-841X KW - mice KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Peyer's patches KW - Lymphocytes B KW - Animal models KW - Spleen KW - Children KW - Polysaccharides KW - Immunization KW - Antibodies KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Lung KW - Serum KW - Avidity KW - Intestine KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Immune response KW - Immunoglobulin M KW - Opsonization KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19235014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Reviews+in+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Protective+Immunity+of+Pneumococcal+Glycoconjugates&rft.au=Lee%2C+C-J%3BLee%2C+L+H%3BFrasch%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=C-J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+Reviews+in+Microbiology&rft.issn=1040841X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F10408410390255260 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus pneumoniae; Polysaccharides; Immune response; Children; Lymphocytes B; Antibodies; Avidity; Opsonization; Immunization; Animal models; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Serum; Spleen; Intestine; Lung; Peyer's patches DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408410390255260 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Visual and ocular changes associated with exposure to two tertiary amines AN - 19222897; 5797102 AB - Aims: To determine if exposure to dimethylisopropanolamine (DMIPA) and dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) in a label printing plant was associated with visual disturbances and/or ocular changes. Methods: Questionnaires, eye examinations (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity at 2.5% and 1.25% contrast, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and pachymetry), and industrial hygiene monitoring for DMIPA and DMAE were performed over a two week period. Results: Eighty nine per cent of line workers reported having experienced blurry vision while at work in the past 12 months, compared to 12.5% of prime workers. A total of 108 full shift personal breathing zone (PBZ) air samples for the amines were collected. The mean time weighted average (TWA) concentration of DMIPA was significantly higher in the line division than in the prime division, as was the mean TWA concentration for total amines. The mean TWA concentration of DMAE was higher in the prime division than the line division. Higher levels of total amines were associated with increased risk of reporting blurry vision, halo vision, and blue-grey vision. The risk of corneal opacity rose with increasing exposure to total amines. The prevalence of corneal opacity also increased with increasing concentration of total amines. Median corneal thickness increased with increasing grades of corneal opacity. There was a statistically significant relation between total amine concentration and increased risk of reduced bilateral visual acuity and 2.5% contrast sensitivity. Conclusions: Exposure to tertiary amines was associated with blurry, halo, and blue-grey vision, corneal opacity, and decrements in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity at 2.5% contrast. JF - Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Page, E H AU - Cook, C K AU - Hater, MA AU - Mueller, CA AU - Grote, A A AU - Mortimer, V D AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS R-10, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA, edp7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 69 EP - 75 VL - 60 IS - 1 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - dimethylaminoethanol KW - dimethylisopropanolamine KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Vision KW - Printing industry KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19222897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Visual+and+ocular+changes+associated+with+exposure+to+two+tertiary+amines&rft.au=Page%2C+E+H%3BCook%2C+C+K%3BHater%2C+MA%3BMueller%2C+CA%3BGrote%2C+A+A%3BMortimer%2C+V+D&rft.aulast=Page&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Printing industry; Occupational exposure; Vision ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contribution of mitochondria to cardiac muscle water/macromolecule proton magnetization transfer AN - 19222028; 5764650 AB - The contribution of mitochondria to water-macromolecule proton magnetization transfer (MT) was evaluated in porcine heart tissue. An examination of isolated mitochondria in suspension, at the same concentration as found in heart tissue, revealed MT effects very similar in magnitude and bandwidth to those in intact heart tissue. Disruption of the gross structure of the mitochondria by freeze- thawing or with detergent resulted in only ~25% decreases in MT, which suggests that the structure of the mitochondria is not critical for these effects. The current data indicate that mitochondria macromolecules contribute significantly to MT in the intact heart. JF - Magnetic Resonance in Medicine AU - Ward, K AU - Schussheim, A E AU - Balaban, R S AD - Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, rsb@nih.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 1312 EP - 1316 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 50 IS - 6 SN - 0740-3194, 0740-3194 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Heart KW - Magnetic fields KW - Magnetic resonance imaging KW - Cardiac muscle KW - Mitochondria KW - N.M.R. KW - W4 150:Medical Imaging KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19222028?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Magnetic+Resonance+in+Medicine&rft.atitle=Contribution+of+mitochondria+to+cardiac+muscle+water%2Fmacromolecule+proton+magnetization+transfer&rft.au=Ward%2C+K%3BSchussheim%2C+A+E%3BBalaban%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1312&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Magnetic+Resonance+in+Medicine&rft.issn=07403194&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fmrm.10625 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - N.M.R.; Magnetic resonance imaging; Heart; Mitochondria; Cardiac muscle; Magnetic fields DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.10625 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strength demands of line handlers on the Panama canal AN - 19215293; 5790763 AB - Vessels transiting the Panama Canal are guided through the locks using locomotives attached by means of towlines (made of wire rope), which are fastened to bitts on the deck by line handlers. The latter activity requires high pulling strength demands and is thought to be a cause of the high incidence of low back disorders in these workers. At the invitation of the Panama Canal Commission, NIOSH researchers evaluated the strength demands of line handlers and the strength capabilities of a line handling crew. Strength demands measured during a transit indicated high pulling force demands for attaching ropes to the bow and stem bitts (> 1000 N), but lower force requirements for midships bitts (< 400 N). Tests of pulling strength capabilities of a line handling crew suggest that at least 4-5 line handlers are needed to perform the most demanding tasks. When pulling upwards or downwards on a rope in a team effort, ordering the crew according to stature appears important. Simulation of slippery deck conditions resulted in a 13% decrease in team pulling strength. Though the short duration of the study prevented an extensive evaluation, the data obtained provides insight into the design aspects of occupations where team-pulling activities are required. JF - Occupational Ergonomics AU - Gallagher, S AU - Unger, R L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, PO Box 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA, sgallagher@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 173 EP - 184 VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 1359-9364, 1359-9364 KW - line handlers KW - working conditions KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Panama KW - Canals KW - Ergonomics KW - Design KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19215293?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Strength+demands+of+line+handlers+on+the+Panama+canal&rft.au=Gallagher%2C+S%3BUnger%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+Ergonomics&rft.issn=13599364&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Panama; Design; Ergonomics; Canals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - caCORE: A common infrastructure for cancer informatics AN - 19200377; 5795253 AB - Motivation:Sites with substantive bioinformatics operations are challenged to build data processing and delivery infrastructure that provides reliable access and enables data integration. Locally generated data must be processed and stored such that relationships to external data sources can be presented. Consistency and comparability across data sets requires annotation with controlled vocabularies and, further, metadata standards for data representation. Programmatic access to the processed data should be supported to ensure the maximum possible value is extracted. Confronted with these challenges at the National Cancer Institute Center for Bioinformatics, we decided to develop a robust infrastructure for data management and integration that supports advanced biomedical applications. JF - Bioinformatics AU - Covitz, P A AU - Hartel, F AU - Schaefer, C AU - De Coronado, S AU - Fragoso, G AU - Sahni, H AU - Gustafson, S AU - Buetow, KH AD - National Cancer Institute Center for Bioinformatics, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 6116 Executive Boulevard, Suite 403, Rockville MD 20852, USA Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 2404 EP - 2412 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP UK, [mailto:jnl.samples@oup.co.uk], [URL:http://www3.oup.co.uk/jnls/] VL - 19 IS - 18 SN - 1367-4803, 1367-4803 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Data processing KW - Bioinformatics KW - Data acquisition KW - Cancer KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 350:Bioinformatics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19200377?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioinformatics&rft.atitle=caCORE%3A+A+common+infrastructure+for+cancer+informatics&rft.au=Covitz%2C+P+A%3BHartel%2C+F%3BSchaefer%2C+C%3BDe+Coronado%2C+S%3BFragoso%2C+G%3BSahni%2C+H%3BGustafson%2C+S%3BBuetow%2C+KH&rft.aulast=Covitz&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=2404&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioinformatics&rft.issn=13674803&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioinformatics; Cancer; Data processing; Data acquisition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological response of chondrocytes cultured in three-dimensional nanofibrous poly( epsilon -caprolactone) scaffolds AN - 19161837; 5752511 AB - Nanofibrous materials, by virtue of their morphological similarities to natural extracellular matrix, have been considered as candidate scaffolds for cell delivery in tissue-engineering applications. In this study, we have evaluated a novel, three-dimensional, nanofibrous poly( epsilon -caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold composed of electrospun nanofibers for its ability to maintain chondrocytes in a mature functional state. Fetal bovine chondrocytes (FBCs), maintained in vitro between passages 2 to 6, were seeded onto three-dimensional biodegradable PCL nanofibrous scaffolds or as monolayers on standard tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) as a control substrate. Gene expression analysis by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that chondrocytes seeded on the nanofibrous scaffold and maintained in serum-free medium supplemented with ITS+, ascorbate, and dexamethasone continuously maintained their chondrocytic phenotype by expressing cartilage-specific extracellular matrix genes, including collagen types II and IX, aggrecan, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein. Specifically, expression of the collagen type IIB splice variant transcript, which is indicative of the mature chondrocyte phenotype, was up- regulated. FBCs exhibited either a spindle or round shape on the nanofibrous scaffolds, in contrast to a flat, well-spread morphology seen in monolayer cultures on TCPS. Organized actin stress fibers were only observed in the cytoplasm of cells cultured on TCPS. Histologically, nanofibrous cultures maintained in the supplemented serum-free medium produced more sulfated proteoglycan-rich, cartilaginous matrix than monolayer cultures. In addition to promoting phenotypic differentiation, the nanofibrous scaffold also supported cellular proliferation as evidenced by a 21-fold increase in cell growth over 21 days when the cultures were maintained in serum-containing medium. These results indicate that the biological activities of FBCs are crucially dependent on the architecture of the extracellular scaffolds as well as the composition of the culture medium, and that nanofibrous PCL acts as a biologically preferred scaffold/substrate for proliferation and maintenance of the chondrocytic phenotype. We propose that the PCL nanofibrous structure may be a suitable candidate scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering. JF - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part A AU - Li, W-J AU - Danielson, K G AU - Alexander, P G AU - Tuan, R S AD - Cartilage Biology and Orthopaedics Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Building 50, Room 1503, MSC8022, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-8022, tuanr@mail.nih.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 1105 EP - 1114 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 67A IS - 4 SN - 0021-9304, 0021-9304 KW - poly-^e-caprolactone KW - poly- epsilon -caprolactone KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Cartilage KW - Biomaterials KW - Chondrocytes KW - Cell culture KW - Tissue engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33220:Cell culture KW - W4 110:Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19161837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+A&rft.atitle=Biological+response+of+chondrocytes+cultured+in+three-dimensional+nanofibrous+poly%28+epsilon+-caprolactone%29+scaffolds&rft.au=Li%2C+W-J%3BDanielson%2C+K+G%3BAlexander%2C+P+G%3BTuan%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=W-J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=67A&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+A&rft.issn=00219304&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fjbm.a.10101 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chondrocytes; Cell culture; Biomaterials; Cartilage; Tissue engineering DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.10101 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of NMR, molecular simulation, and hydrodynamics to conformational analysis of trisaccharides AN - 18947528; 5685274 AB - The preferred conformations and conformational flexibilities of the trisaccharides alpha -D-Glcp-(1 arrow right 2)- beta -D-Glcp-(1 arrow right 3)- alpha -D-Glcp-OMe (I) and alpha -D-Glcp-(1 arrow right 3)[ beta -D-Glcp- (1 arrow right 4)]- alpha -D-Glcp-OMe (II) in aqueous solution were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, molecular dynamics (MD) and Langevin dynamics (LD) simulations, and hydrodynamics calculations. Both trisaccharides have a vicinal substitution pattern in which long range (nonsequential) interactions may play an important role. LD simulation at 600 K indicated that the all-syn conformation predominated, though other conformations were apparent. NOE data and MD and LD simulations at 298 K all indicated that trisaccharide I is a single all-syn conformer in solution. Given that previous studies showed evidence of anti-conformers in beta -D- Glcp-(1 arrow right 2)- beta -D-Glcp-(1 arrow right 3)- alpha -D-Glcp-OMe, this result provides an example of how changing the anomeric configuration of one residue from beta to alpha can make an oligosaccharide more rigid. Discrepancies in inter-ring distances obtained by experiment and by simulation of the all-syn conformer suggest the presence of an anti- psi conformation at the beta -(1 arrow right 4)-linkage for II. A combined analysis of measured and calculated translational diffusion constants and super(13)C T sub(1) relaxation times yield order parameters of 0.9 for each trisaccharide. This implies that any interconversion among conformations is significantly slower than tumbling. Anisotropies of approximately 1.6 and 1.3 calculated for I and II, respectively, are consistent with the observed relatively flat T sub(1) profiles because the tumbling is not in the motional narrowing regime. Published 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 69: 448-460, 2003 JF - Biopolymers AU - Dixon, A M AU - Venable, R AU - Widmalm, G AU - Bull, TE AU - Pastor, R W AD - Laboratory of Biophysics, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, pastor@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 448 EP - 460 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 69 IS - 4 SN - 0006-3525, 0006-3525 KW - trisaccharides KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Molecular modelling KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Biopolymers KW - N.M.R. KW - Conformational analysis KW - W4 330:Biopolymers & Food Biotechnology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18947528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biopolymers&rft.atitle=Application+of+NMR%2C+molecular+simulation%2C+and+hydrodynamics+to+conformational+analysis+of+trisaccharides&rft.au=Dixon%2C+A+M%3BVenable%2C+R%3BWidmalm%2C+G%3BBull%2C+TE%3BPastor%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Dixon&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=448&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biopolymers&rft.issn=00063525&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbip.10421 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biopolymers; N.M.R.; Molecular modelling; Hydrodynamics; Conformational analysis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.10421 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Childhood Obesity: The Possible Role of Maternal Smoking and Impact on Public Health AN - 18944057; 5687443 AB - In industrialized countries, overweight and obesity are the most common nutritional disorders, showing an increasing prevalence. Overweight children have a high risk for being overweight in adulthood, and therefore are at risk for the disease states associated with obesity, including Type 2 diabetes. Recently, Montgomery and Ekbom (2002), von Kries et al. (2002), and Toschke et al. (2002) have reported a higher prevalence of obesity in children at school entry or as adults whose mothers had smoked during pregnancy. These observations of an increased risk for over-weight and obesity have major implications for the understanding of fetal programming by developmental factors and for the prevention of obesity. The strength of the effect of maternal smoking in the final logistic regression model was comparable to that of the other significant risk factors amenable to prevention such as frequent TV viewing/video games and frequent consumption of snacks while watching TV. The offspring of pregnant rats exposed to an active component of tobacco smoke, nicotine, demonstrate both appetitive learning and attentional deficits. As summarized by Levin, Slotkin, and co-workers (1998), these behavioral effects are associated with alterations of the cholinergic, catecholaminergic, and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems of the brain. Alterations of the cholinergic system have been linked to learning deficits, whereas the catecholaminergic and serotonergic systems have been associated with the brain's reward system and feeding behavior, respectively. Therefore, it is postulated that exposure to nicotine in utero due to maternal smoking during pregnancy may result in persistent behavioral effects, including deficits in impulse control. Clinical observations appear to support this concept further: daughters of mothers who smoked during pregnancy were four times more likely to smoke when compared either with the offspring of nonsmokers or to children of women who did not smoke during pregnancy but did smoke after delivery. Together, these data support the hypothesis that obesity in children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy could be due to long-lasting behavioral teratogenic effects of nicotine exposure in utero. The search for additional risk factors for childhood obesity should be expanded because of the detrimental effects of obesity on health quality and the impact on our already-stressed health care capabilities. JF - Journal of Children's Health AU - Slikker, W Jr AU - Schwetz, BA AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502 USA, wslikker@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 29 EP - 40 VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 1541-7069, 1541-7069 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Smoking KW - Obesity KW - Health (care) KW - Epidemiology KW - Tobacco KW - Children KW - Maternal influence KW - Public health KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18944057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Children%27s+Health&rft.atitle=Childhood+Obesity%3A+The+Possible+Role+of+Maternal+Smoking+and+Impact+on+Public+Health&rft.au=Slikker%2C+W+Jr%3BSchwetz%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Slikker&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Children%27s+Health&rft.issn=15417069&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Public health; Epidemiology; Obesity; Children; Maternal influence; Tobacco; Health (care); Smoking ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CD4 super(+) T Cells Mediate IFN-[gamma]-Independent Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Both In Vitro and In Vivo AN - 18899316; 5757400 AB - Although IFN-[gamma] is necessary for survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in people and animal models, it may not be sufficient to clear the infection, and IFN-[gamma] is not a reliable correlate of protection. To determine whether IFN-[gamma]-independent mechanisms of immunity exist, we developed a murine ex vivo culture system that directly evaluates the ability of splenic or lung lymphocytes to control the growth of M. tuberculosis within infected macrophages, and that models in vivo immunity to tuberculosis. Surprisingly, CD4 super(+) T cells controlled >90% of intracellular M. tuberculosis growth in the complete absence of IFN-[gamma] stimulation of macrophages, via a NO-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, bacillus Calmette- Guerin-vaccinated IFN-[gamma]-deficient mice exhibited significant protection against M. tuberculosis challenge that was lost upon depletion of CD4 super(+) T cells. These findings demonstrate that CD4 super(+) T cells possess IFN-[gamma]- independent mechanisms that can limit the growth of an intracellular pathogen and are dominant in secondary responses to M. tuberculosis. JF - Journal of Immunology AU - Cowley, S C AU - Elkins, K L AD - Laboratory of Mycobacterial Diseases and Cellular Immunology, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research/Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852 Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 4689 EP - 4699 PB - American Association of Immunologists, 9650 Rockville Pike Bethesda MD 20814-3998 USA, [URL:http://www.jimmunol.org/] VL - 171 IS - 9 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - CD4 antigen KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18899316?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.atitle=CD4+super%28%2B%29+T+Cells+Mediate+IFN-%5Bgamma%5D-Independent+Control+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+Infection+Both+In+Vitro+and+In+Vivo&rft.au=Cowley%2C+S+C%3BElkins%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Cowley&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=171&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4689&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Information dissemination and use: Critical components in occupational safety and health AN - 18856211; 5748035 AB - Information dissemination is a mandated, but understudied, requirement of occupational and environmental health laws and voluntary initiatives. Research is needed on the factors that enhance and limit the development, transfer, and use of occupational safety and health information (OSH). Contemporary changes in the workforce, workplaces, and the nature of work will require new emphasis on the dissemination of information to foster prevention. Legislative and regulatory requirements and voluntary initiatives for dissemination of OSH information were identified and assessed. Literature on information dissemination was reviewed to identify important issues and useful approaches. More than 20 sections of laws and regulations were identified that mandated dissemination of occupational and environmental safety and health information. A four-stage approach for tracking dissemination and considering the flow of information was delineated. Special areas of dissemination were identified: the information needs of the changing workforce, new and young workers; small businesses; and workers with difficulty in understanding or reading English. We offer a framework for dissemination of OSH information and underscore the need to focus on the extent to which decision-makers and others receive and use such information. More solid data are also needed on current investments in disseminating, diffusing and applying OSH information and on the utility of that information. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Schulte, P A AU - Okun, A AU - Stephenson, C M AU - Colligan, M AU - Ahlers, H AU - Gjessing, C AU - Loos, G AU - Niemeier, R W AU - Sweeney, M H AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Education and Information Division, Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio, pas4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 515 EP - 531 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 44 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - information dissemination KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18856211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Information+dissemination+and+use%3A+Critical+components+in+occupational+safety+and+health&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P+A%3BOkun%2C+A%3BStephenson%2C+C+M%3BColligan%2C+M%3BAhlers%2C+H%3BGjessing%2C+C%3BLoos%2C+G%3BNiemeier%2C+R+W%3BSweeney%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.10295 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10295 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Judgment and decision making under stress: an overview for emergency managers AN - 18825966; 5731807 AB - This paper discusses human judgment and decision making under stress. The authors review selected recent literature across various disciplines and suggest a definition of stress within the context of decision making during the management of emergencies. They also discuss fieldwork by the Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, NIOSH, which explores traumatic incident stress, the relationship between previous training and performance under stressful conditions, and human behaviour in underground mine fires. The authors assert that stress is one of the factors that decision makers must contend with in most life-or-death situations. They suggest that a better understanding of individual judgment and decision making activities whilst under stress would yield a better understanding of how people reach the choices they make in emergencies. This enhanced understanding would be of enormous value to emergency managers, researchers and policymakers. JF - International Journal of Emergency Management AU - Kowalski-Trakofler, K M AU - Vaught, C AU - Scharf, T AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA, kkowalski@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 1471-4825, 1471-4825 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18825966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Emergency+Management&rft.atitle=Judgment+and+decision+making+under+stress%3A+an+overview+for+emergency+managers&rft.au=Kowalski-Trakofler%2C+K+M%3BVaught%2C+C%3BScharf%2C+T&rft.aulast=Kowalski-Trakofler&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Emergency+Management&rft.issn=14714825&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a Microplate Assay for the Detection of Single Plaque-Forming Units of Bacteriophage Phi X174 in Crude Lysates AN - 18772041; 5640293 AB - Mice containing the Phi X174 am3 transgene can be used for measuring in vivo mutation; however, the single burst analysis method used for distinguishing in vivo mutations from mutations generated during sample processing is labor-intensive. A liquid microplate assay was developed that detects a single mutant plaque-forming unit (PFU) of Phi X174 bacterial virus in the presence of excess nonmutant virus. The assay is based on inhibiting reduction of the tetrazolium dye, MTS, by bacterial cells selective for mutant virus. The assay is performed with crude lysates of infected bacteria and is as accurate as scoring viral plaques on a bacterial lawn. This microplate assay may have application in increasing throughput of the single burst analysis of Phi X174 in transgenic mouse mutation assays. JF - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis AU - Slattery, S D AU - Valentine, C R AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Rd., HFT-120, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, cvalentine@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 121 EP - 125 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - tetrazolium KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - V 22022:Virus assay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18772041?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+Microplate+Assay+for+the+Detection+of+Single+Plaque-Forming+Units+of+Bacteriophage+Phi+X174+in+Crude+Lysates&rft.au=Slattery%2C+S+D%3BValentine%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Slattery&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fem.10140 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/em.10140 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hospitalization for Firearm-Related Injuries in the United States, 1997 AN - 18762589; 5621408 AB - Background: Firearm-related injuries are a serious public health problem in the United States. Despite the magnitude of this problem, prior national estimates of nonfatal, firearm-related morbidity have been limited to an emergency department--based surveillance system. The objective of this study was to assess and report the information available on firearm-related injuries in an existing national database, derived from hospital discharge data. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of the 1997 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), a stratified probability sample of 1012 nonfederal community hospitals from 22 states. The database was queried using E codes to identify firearm-related injuries. The SUDAAN software program was used to convert raw counts into weighted counts that represent national estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Coben, J H AU - Steiner, CA AD - Center for Outcomes and Effectiveness (Coben), Research Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd. VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - firearms KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18762589?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Hospitalization+for+Firearm-Related+Injuries+in+the+United+States%2C+1997&rft.au=Coben%2C+J+H%3BSteiner%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Coben&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0749-3797%2802%2900578-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00578-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cumulative risk assessment for quantitative response data AN - 18750124; 5626192 AB - The Relative Potency Factor approach (RPF) is used to normalize and combine different toxic potencies among a group of chemicals selected for cumulative risk assessment. The RPF method assumes that the slopes of the dose-response functions are all equal; but this method depends on the choice of the index chemical, i.e. different index chemicals will give different predicted mean estimates. This article is part of an approach to explore and develop cumulative risk assessment strategies. As part of this approach this article proposes a procedure for cumulative risk assessment from exposure to multiple chemicals that have a common mechanism of toxicity. We propose two classification algorithms to cluster the chemicals into subclasses such that the chemicals in the same subclass have a common slope. The joint response is estimated by fitting the dose-response model of the mixture under dose addition. The proposed method will give the same predicted mean response regardless of the selection of the index chemical for the chemicals in the same subclass. The proposed method also allows one to estimate the joint response for chemicals having different slopes. An example data set of six hypothetical pesticide chemicals is used to illustrate the proposed procedure. Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JF - Environmetrics AU - Chen, J J AU - Chen, Y-J AU - Teuschler, L K AU - Rice, G AU - Hamernik, K AU - Protzel, A AU - Kodell, R L AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, NCTR/FDA/HFT-20, Jefferson, AR 72079, U.S.A., jchen@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 339 EP - 353 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 1180-4009, 1180-4009 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18750124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmetrics&rft.atitle=Cumulative+risk+assessment+for+quantitative+response+data&rft.au=Chen%2C+J+J%3BChen%2C+Y-J%3BTeuschler%2C+L+K%3BRice%2C+G%3BHamernik%2C+K%3BProtzel%2C+A%3BKodell%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmetrics&rft.issn=11804009&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fenv.587 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/env.587 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of Wake-Induced Exposure Using an Interrupted Oscillating Jet AN - 18715913; 5599560 AB - A problem may arise in ventilation design when the contaminant source is located in the worker's wake, where turbulence and vortex formation can carry the contaminant into the breathing zone even though the source is downwind. It was found previously that forced directional variations in the flow can reduce or eliminate the vortex formation that causes these local reversals. Reported here is a simple realization of this concept, in which an oscillating jet of air was directed at a mannequin in an otherwise steady flow of air. A 50th percentile male mannequin was placed in a nearly uniform flow of approximately 0.18 m/sec (36 ft/min). A low-velocity tracer gas source (isobutylene) was held in the standing mannequin's hands with the upper arms vertical and the elbows at 90 degree . Four ventilation scenarios were compared by concentration measurements in the breathing zone, using photoionization detectors: (A) uniform flow; (B) addition of a steady jet with initial velocity 5.1 m/sec (1.0 x 10 super(3) ft/min) directed at the mannequin's back, parallel to the main flow; (C) making the jet oscillate to 45 degree on either side of the centerline with a period of 13 sec; and (D) introducing a blockage at the centerline so the oscillating jet never blew directly at the worker. At the 97.5% confidence level the interrupted oscillating jet (case D) achieved at least 99% exposure reduction compared with the uniform flow by itself (case A), at least 93% compared with the steady jet (case B), and at least 45% exposure reduction compared with the unblocked oscillating jet (case C). JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Bennett, J S AU - Crouch, K G AU - Shulman, SA AD - Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch, MS R5, Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 24 EP - 29 VL - 64 IS - 1 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - sampling KW - ventilation KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18715913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Control+of+Wake-Induced+Exposure+Using+an+Interrupted+Oscillating+Jet&rft.au=Bennett%2C+J+S%3BCrouch%2C+K+G%3BShulman%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Coal Mine Dust Size Distributions and Calibration Standards for Crystalline Silica Analysis AN - 18708546; 5599561 AB - Since 1982 standard calibration materials recommended for respirable crystalline silica analysis by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) P7 Infrared Method and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Analytical Method 7500 have undergone minor changes in size distribution. However, a critical assumption has been made that the crystalline silica in ambient mine atmosphere respirable dust samples has also remained essentially unchanged in particle size distribution. Therefore, this work compared recent particle size distributions of underground coal mine dust and the silica component of these dusts with estimated aerodynamic particle size distributions of calibration standard materials MIN-U-SIL 5, Berkeley 5, and SRM 1878 used by two crystalline silica analysis techniques. Dust impactor sampling data for various locations in 13 underground coal mines were analyzed for the respirable mass median aerodynamic diameters. The data suggest that the MSHA P7 method will underestimate the silica content of the sample by at most 7.4% in the median size range 0.9 to 3.6 mu m, and that it is unlikely one would obtain any significant error in the MSHA P7 method analysis when the method uses Berkeley 5, MIN-U-SIL 5, or SRM 1878 as a calibration standard material. The results suggest that the NIOSH Analytical Method 7500 would be more appropriate for a dust sample that is representative of the total (no cyclone classifier) rather than the respirable airborne dust, particularly because the mass fraction in the size range below 4 mu m is usually a small percentage of the total airborne dust mass. However, NIOSH Analytical Method 7500 is likely to underestimate the silica content of an airborne respirable dust sample by only 5 to 10%. The results of this study also suggest that any changes that may have occurred in the median respirable size of airborne coal mine dust are not significant enough to cause any appreciable error in the current methods used for respirable crystalline silica analysis. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Page, S J AD - NIOSH, Pittsburgh Research Center, P.O. Box 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 30 EP - 39 VL - 64 IS - 1 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - calibration standards KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18708546?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Coal+Mine+Dust+Size+Distributions+and+Calibration+Standards+for+Crystalline+Silica+Analysis&rft.au=Page%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Page&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Response Regulator BvgA and RNA Polymerase alpha Subunit C-Terminal Domain Bind Simultaneously to Different Faces of the Same Segment of Promoter DNA AN - 18695633; 5581632 AB - Examination of the binding of FeBABE-conjugated BvgA to the fha promoter of Bordetella pertussis has revealed that three dimers, formed by head-to-head association of monomers, bind one face of the DNA helix from the inverted-heptad primary binding site to the -35 region. The orientation of BvgA monomers within the dimers is the same as that recently demonstrated by X-ray crystallographic methods for a dimer of the C-terminal domain of NarL bound to DNA. Use of FeBABE conjugates of RNAP alpha subunit C-terminal domain showed that binding of this domain is linearly coincident with binding of the BvgA dimers, but to a different helical face. These results reveal a previously undescribed mode of interaction between RNAP alpha -CTD and a transcriptional activator. JF - Molecular Cell AU - Boucher, P E AU - Maris, A E AU - Yang, Mei-Shin AU - Stibitz, S AD - Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, boucher@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 163 EP - 173 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 1097-2765, 1097-2765 KW - BvgA protein KW - C-terminal domain KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02726:RNA and ribosomes KW - N 14930:Transcription factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18695633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Cell&rft.atitle=The+Response+Regulator+BvgA+and+RNA+Polymerase+alpha+Subunit+C-Terminal+Domain+Bind+Simultaneously+to+Different+Faces+of+the+Same+Segment+of+Promoter+DNA&rft.au=Boucher%2C+P+E%3BMaris%2C+A+E%3BYang%2C+Mei-Shin%3BStibitz%2C+S&rft.aulast=Boucher&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Cell&rft.issn=10972765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Methods To Improve Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Fresh Produce by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction AN - 18662939; 5565327 AB - Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was used to detect two genes encoding Shiga-like toxins (stx1 and stx 2) and a universal Escherichia coli gene (gadA/B) in fresh produce spiked with E. coli O157:H7. Current U.S. Food and Drug Administration procedures for the analysis of fresh produce include the use of the rinsate from an initial rinse for the analysis of several potential pathogens, including E. coli O157:H7. In this study, several procedures were evaluated for their ability to increase the sensitivity of PCR analysis of rinsates from 15 types of produce. The procedures evaluated included the preliminary clarification and concentration of templates by centrifugation and the treatment of templates with compounds reported to facilitate nucleic acid amplification, including polyvinlypolypyrrolidone (PVPP), nonfat dry milk (NFDM), and InstaGene. The preliminary concentration of rinsates resulted in moderate improvements in detection sensitivity. The use of PVPP-treated templates in PCR reaction mixtures did not further improve sensitivity, but the inclusion of NFDM-treated templates increased sensitivity by an order of magnitude for 12 rinsates. The incorporation of InstaGene also improved the detection capability of the analysis; this procedure yielded the strongest gel bands for eight rinsates. However, for four other rinsates, the use of this reagent decreased sensitivity; these four rinsates were those for the produce varieties with the largest surface areas and were the most turbid rinsates. The use of facilitating compounds to block PCR inhibition may enable an analysis for Shiga toxin-producing E. coli in fresh produce to be completed in 1 to 2 days, rather than the 5 days required for current methods. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Grant, MA AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bothell, Washington 98021-4421, USA Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 18 EP - 24 VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - produce KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18662939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Methods+To+Improve+Detection+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+Fresh+Produce+by+Multiplex+Polymerase+Chain+Reaction&rft.au=Grant%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genomic variability among enteric pathogens: the case of the mutS-rpoS intergenic region AN - 18648045; 5549837 AB - The mutS-rpoS intergenic region of enteric bacteria ranges in size from 88 bp in Yersinia to >12000 bp in Salmonella. We interpret this expansion as the result of the horizontal transfer of segments of DNA from diverse origins. Both comparative genomic analysis and selective sequencing of a variety of Escherichia coli pathogens have provided additional evidence for reassortment of segments within this region. JF - Trends in Microbiology AU - Kotewicz, M L AU - Brown, E W AU - LeClerc, JE AU - Cebula, T A AD - Division of Molecular Biology, Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, MOD-1, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA, tcebula@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 2 EP - 6 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0966-842X, 0966-842X KW - mutS gene KW - nucleotide sequence KW - rpoS gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18648045?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Genomic+variability+among+enteric+pathogens%3A+the+case+of+the+mutS-rpoS+intergenic+region&rft.au=Kotewicz%2C+M+L%3BBrown%2C+E+W%3BLeClerc%2C+JE%3BCebula%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Kotewicz&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=2&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Trends+in+Microbiology&rft.issn=0966842X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0966-842X%2802%2900005-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0966-842X(02)00005-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonencapsulated Neisseria meningitidis Strain Produces Amylopectin from Sucrose: Altering the Concept for Differentiation between N. meningitidis and N. polysaccharea AN - 18640023; 5547128 AB - Neisseria meningitidis is the causative agent of meningococcal sepsis and meningitis. Neisseria polysaccharea is a nonpathogenic species. N. polysaccharea is able to use sucrose to produce amylopectin, a starch-like polysaccharide, which distinguishes it biochemically from the pathogenic species N. meningitidis. The data presented here indicate that this may be an insufficient criterion to distinguish between these two species. The nonencapsulated Neisseria strain 93246 expressed a phenotype of amylopectin production similar to that of N. polysaccharea. However, strain 93246 reacted with N. meningitidis serotype 4 and serosubtype P1.14 monoclonal antibodies and showed the N. meningitidis L1(8) lipo-oligosaccharide immunotype. Further analyses were performed on four genetic loci in strain 93246, and the results were compared with 7 N. meningitidis strains, 13 N. polysaccharea strains, and 2 N. gonorrhoeae strains. Three genetic loci, opcA, siaD, and lgt-1 in strain 93246, were the same as in N. meningitidis. Particularly, the siaD gene encoding polysialyltransferase responsible for biosynthesis of N. meningitidis group B capsule was detected in strain 93246. This siaD gene was inactivated by a frameshift mutation at the poly(C) tract, which makes strain 93246 identical to other nonencapsulated N. meningitidis strains. As expected, the ams gene encoding amylosucrase, responsible for production of amylopectin from sucrose, was detected in strain 93246 and all 13 N. polysaccharea strains but not in N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae strains. These data suggest that strain 93246 is nonencapsulated N. meningitidis but has the ability to produce extracellular amylopectin from sucrose. The gene for amylopectin production in strain 93246 was likely imported from N. polysaccharea by horizontal genetic exchange. Therefore, we conclude that genetic analysis is required to complement the traditional phenotypic classification for the nonencapsulated Neisseria strains. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Zhu, P AU - Tsang, RSW AU - Tsai, C AD - Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, Zhu@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 273 EP - 278 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - ams gene KW - amylopectin KW - amylosucrase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02730:Carbohydrates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18640023?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Nonencapsulated+Neisseria+meningitidis+Strain+Produces+Amylopectin+from+Sucrose%3A+Altering+the+Concept+for+Differentiation+between+N.+meningitidis+and+N.+polysaccharea&rft.au=Zhu%2C+P%3BTsang%2C+RSW%3BTsai%2C+C&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.1.273-278.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.1.273-278.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exploring the Structure and Function of the Mycobacterial KatG Protein Using trans-Dominant Mutants AN - 18621038; 5539916 AB - In order to probe the structure and function of the mycobacterial catalase- peroxidase enzyme (KatG), we employed a genetic approach using dominant-negative analysis of katG merodiploids. Transformation of Mycobacterium bovis BCG with various katG point mutants (expressed from low-copy-number plasmids) resulted in reductions in peroxidase and catalase activities as measured in cell extracts. These reductions in enzymatic activity usually correlated with increased resistance to the antituberculosis drug isoniazid (INH). However, for the N138S trans-dominant mutant, the catalase-peroxidase activity was significantly decreased while the sensitivity to INH was retained. trans- dominance required katG expression from multicopy plasmids and could not be demonstrated with katG mutants integrated elsewhere on the wild-type M. bovis BCG chromosome. Reversal of the mutant phenotype through plasmid exchange suggested the catalase-peroxidase deficiency occurred at the protein level and that INH resistance was not due to a second site mutation(s). Electrophoretic analysis of KatG proteins from the trans-dominant mutants showed a reduction in KatG dimers compared to WT and formation of heterodimers with reduced activity. The mutants responsible for these defects cluster around proposed active site residues: N138S, T275P, S315T, and D381G. In an attempt to identify mutants that might delimit the region(s) of KatG involved in subunit interactions, C-terminal truncations were constructed (with and without the D381G dominant-negative mutation). None of the C-terminal deletions were able to complement a [Delta]katG strain, nor could they cause a dominant-negative effect on the WT. Taken together, these results suggest an intricate association between the amino- and carboxy-terminal regions of KatG and may be consistent with a domain-swapping mechanism for KatG dimer formation. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - DeVito, JA AU - Morris, S AD - Building 29/Room 502, CBER/FDA, 29 Lincoln Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, morris@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 188 EP - 195 VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - KatG protein KW - isoniazid KW - katG gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18621038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Exploring+the+Structure+and+Function+of+the+Mycobacterial+KatG+Protein+Using+trans-Dominant+Mutants&rft.au=DeVito%2C+JA%3BMorris%2C+S&rft.aulast=DeVito&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAAC.47.1.188-195.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.47.1.188-195.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cross-contamination issues during a biological emergency response effort: lessons learned AN - 17985600; 5934735 AB - Response Team investigators from the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), recognised the potential for Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis) cross-contamination during recent emergency response activities in the Capitol area. The three case studies presented offer the opportunity to examine procedural response practices related to bioterrorism events, and consider the "lessons learned". An examination of the actions, practices and environmental sampling results from the Capitol response effort compelled investigators to develop six recommendations that, if implemented, should reduce the potential for cross-contamination in future national and international emergency response activities. JF - International Journal of Emergency Management AU - McKernan, J L AU - Taylor, L AU - McCammon, J B AU - Hartle, R W AU - Gressel, M G AD - United States Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, zwd4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 363 EP - 373 VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1471-4825, 1471-4825 KW - cross-contamination KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - bioterrorism KW - Emergency preparedness KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17985600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Emergency+Management&rft.atitle=Cross-contamination+issues+during+a+biological+emergency+response+effort%3A+lessons+learned&rft.au=McKernan%2C+J+L%3BTaylor%2C+L%3BMcCammon%2C+J+B%3BHartle%2C+R+W%3BGressel%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=McKernan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Emergency+Management&rft.issn=14714825&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Emergency preparedness; bioterrorism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitation of aberrant interlocus T-cell receptor rearrangements in mouse thymocytes and the effect of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid AN - 17980000; 5907964 AB - Small studies in human populations have suggested a correlation between the frequency of errors in antigen receptor gene assembly and lymphoid malignancy risk. In particular, agricultural workers exposed to pesticides have both an increased risk for lymphoma and an increased frequency of errors in antigen receptor gene assembly. In order to further investigate the potential of such errors to serve as a mechanistically based biomarker of lymphoid cancer risk, we have developed a sensitive PCR assay for quantifying errors of V(D)J recombination in the thymocytes of mice. This assay measures interlocus rearrangements between two T-cell receptor loci, V-gamma and J-beta, located on chromosomes 13 and 6, respectively. The baseline frequency in four strains of mice was determined at several ages (2-8 weeks of age) and was found to be stable at ~1.5 X 10 super(-5) per thymocyte. Strain AKR, which has a high susceptibility to T-cell lymphomas, did not show an elevated frequency of aberrant V(D)J events. We used this assay to examine the effects of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on the frequency of these events. Female B6C3F1 mice, 27 days of age, were exposed to 2,4-D by gavage at doses of 0, 3, 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg/day for 4 successive days and sacrificed on day 5. Thymus DNA was isolated and examined for illegitimate V(D)J recombination-mediated gene rearrangements. In addition, pregnant mice were exposed to 2,4-D and thymocytes from the offspring examined at 2 weeks of age. No significant increase in aberrant V(D)J rearrangements was found, indicating that under these conditions 2,4-D does not appear to effect this important mechanism of carcinogenesis. JF - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis AU - Knapp, Geremy W AU - Setzer, RWoodrow AU - Fuscoe, James C AD - Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, JFuscoe@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 37 EP - 43 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - mice KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - 2,4-D KW - T-cell receptor KW - Genotoxicity KW - Herbicides KW - ^AT-cell receptor KW - gene rearrangement KW - Thymocytes KW - G 07220:General theory/testing systems KW - X 24135:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17980000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Quantitation+of+aberrant+interlocus+T-cell+receptor+rearrangements+in+mouse+thymocytes+and+the+effect+of+the+herbicide+2%2C4-dichlorophenoxyacetic+acid&rft.au=Knapp%2C+Geremy+W%3BSetzer%2C+RWoodrow%3BFuscoe%2C+James+C&rft.aulast=Knapp&rft.aufirst=Geremy&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Herbicides; 2,4-D; Genotoxicity; T-cell receptor; gene rearrangement; Thymocytes; ^AT-cell receptor ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Neural Network and Multiple Linear Regression as Dissolution Predictors AN - 17426759; 6539102 AB - The predictive performance of an artificial neural network (NN) was compared with the first-order multiple linear regression (MLR) using mean dissolution data of 28 diltiazem immediate release tablet formulations. The performance was evaluated using "Weibull" function parameters alpha and beta. Weibull parameters were used as dissolution markers of the eight principal, mainly compositional, variables. The parameters were obtained by fitting the Weibull function to the mean (n = 12) dissolution profiles of 28 diltiazem hydrochloride tablet formulations. The generated set of 28 pairs of Weibull function parameters was evaluated for internal and external predictability using both the MLR and the artificial NN. A three-layered 8-5-2 feedforward NN was found to be an adequate descriptor of the dissolution data. Internal predictions were based on the data of 24 products. External predictions used the 24 product data to test four products not used in the training phase. The predictive performances of the two techniques were evaluated using bias (mean prediction error; MPE) and precision (mean absolute error; MAE). The study results suggested that, for the studied data set, NN is a superior internal and external predictor to MLR. The artificial NN predicted order of the formulation composition variables, influencing the dissolution parameters as follows: hydrogenated oil > microcrystallinecellulose > ethyl cellulose > eudragit > hydroxypropylcellulose > coat > hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose > Speed. JF - Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy AU - Sathe, P M AU - Venitz, J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 349 EP - 355 VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 0363-9045, 0363-9045 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Oil KW - Neural networks KW - Cellulose KW - Diltiazem KW - Tablets KW - Dissolution KW - Drug development KW - W4 340:Neurocomputing & Neural Networks KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17426759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+Development+and+Industrial+Pharmacy&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Neural+Network+and+Multiple+Linear+Regression+as+Dissolution+Predictors&rft.au=Sathe%2C+P+M%3BVenitz%2C+J&rft.aulast=Sathe&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+Development+and+Industrial+Pharmacy&rft.issn=03639045&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FDDC-120018209 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dissolution; Diltiazem; Neural networks; Tablets; Cellulose; Oil; Drug development DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/DDC-120018209 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adjustable Silicone Gastric Banding Adverse Events Reported to the Food and Drug Administration AN - 17269801; 5854948 AB - A silicone adjustable gastric banding system was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in June, 2001. The purpose of this report is to review and characterize the reports on silicone adjustable gastric banding systems received by the FDA through August 8, 2002. We also review medical literature on adverse events with silicone adjustable gastric banding systems. Manufacturers of regulated medical devices, such as adjustable silicone gastric bands, are required to report adverse events, including deaths and serious injuries, to the FDA. We reviewed all such reports received by the FDA through August 8, 2002, for adjustable silicone gastric bands and summarize the data by type of adverse event, reported device problems, and reported patient problems. The FDA received 556 reports of adverse events related to the use of adjustable silicone gastric bands. Two of these reports were for deaths, one during surgery and the other as a result of an erosion of the gastric band into the stomach 9 weeks after implantation. Forty-four reports were for injuries including band erosions, slippage, and infection. The most common type of report (499) was for device malfunction, and of these, 485 (97.2%) described a leak at or near the port. Of the 485 leaks reported as malfunctions, 99.4% were treated surgically. The majority of reports were related to disconnection, breakage, and leakage at or near the access port. Physicians and potential patients should be aware of these problems and recognize the possibility that additional surgery(ies) may be required for leaking access port/connections. The loose connection may cause pain and the device no longer performs as intended when there is a leak. JF - Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants AU - Brown, S L AU - Reid, M H AU - Duggirala, HJ AD - Division of Postmarket Surveillance, Office of Surveillance and Biometrics, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, 1350 Piccard Drive, HFZ-541, Rockville, MD 20850, USA, syb@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 509 EP - 517 VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 1050-6934, 1050-6934 KW - FDA KW - gastric banding KW - infection KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Data collection KW - USA KW - Injuries KW - Side effects KW - H 13000:Medical Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17269801?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Long-Term+Effects+of+Medical+Implants&rft.atitle=Adjustable+Silicone+Gastric+Banding+Adverse+Events+Reported+to+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.au=Brown%2C+S+L%3BReid%2C+M+H%3BDuggirala%2C+HJ&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=509&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Long-Term+Effects+of+Medical+Implants&rft.issn=10506934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Data collection; Side effects; Mortality; Injuries ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Addictive potential of cannabinoids: the underlying neurobiology. AN - 72806894; 12505706 AB - Drugs that are addictive in humans have a number of commonalities in animal model systems-(1). they enhance electrical brain-stimulation reward in the core meso-accumbens reward circuitry of the brain, a circuit encompassing that portion of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) which links the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the mesencephalic midbrain with the nucleus accumbens (Acb) of the ventral limbic forebrain; (2). they enhance neural firing of a core dopamine (DA) component of this meso-accumbens reward circuit; (3). they enhance DA tone in this reward-relevant meso-accumbens DA circuit, with resultant enhancement of extracellular Acb DA; (4). they produce conditioned place preference (CPP), a behavioral model of incentive motivation; (5). they are self-administered; and (6). they trigger reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior in animals behaviorally extinguished from intravenous drug self-administration behavior and, perforce, pharmacologically detoxified from their self-administered drug. Cannabinoids were long considered 'anomalous', in that they were believed to not interact with these brain reward processes or support drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior in these animal model systems. However, it is now clear-from the published data of several research groups over the last 15 years-that this view of cannabinoid action on brain reward processes and reward-related behaviors is untenable. This paper reviews those data, and concludes that cannabinoids act on brain reward processes and reward-related behaviors in strikingly similar fashion to other addictive drugs. JF - Chemistry and physics of lipids AU - Gardner, Eliot L AD - National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Building C, Room 272, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 20850, USA. egardner@intra.nida.nih.gov Y1 - 2002/12/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 31 SP - 267 EP - 290 VL - 121 IS - 1-2 SN - 0009-3084, 0009-3084 KW - Cannabinoids KW - 0 KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Behavior, Addictive KW - Reward KW - Humans KW - Dopamine -- physiology KW - Nucleus Accumbens -- metabolism KW - Ventral Tegmental Area -- metabolism KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- physiopathology KW - Cannabinoids -- adverse effects KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- etiology KW - Cannabinoids -- pharmacology KW - Brain -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72806894?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemistry+and+physics+of+lipids&rft.atitle=Addictive+potential+of+cannabinoids%3A+the+underlying+neurobiology.&rft.au=Gardner%2C+Eliot+L&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Eliot&rft.date=2002-12-31&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemistry+and+physics+of+lipids&rft.issn=00093084&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-22 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proto-oncogene amplification and overexpression in cadmium-induced cell transformation. AN - 72809439; 12515591 AB - Cadmium (Cd) is an essential material used in the battery, metal-coating, and alloy industries. In addition to these industrial uses, it is also a component of cigarette smoke. Therefore, exposure to cadmium is widespread and presents a considerable health concern. Cadmium is known to be a carcinogen; however, the possible mechanism of carcinogenesis with regards to the activation and inactivation of cancer-related genes has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, amplification, expression, and point mutation of cancer-related genes associated with Cd-induced cell transformation in BALB/c-3T3 cells were studied. Six proto-oncogenes (K-ras, c-myc, c-fos, c-jun, c-sis, and erbB), as well as the p53 tumor suppressor, were investigated for gene amplification using differential polymerase chain reaction (PCR), while the expression of the proteins produced by these genes was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Point mutations in K-ras and p53 were studied by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing. There were no point mutations observed in codons 12, 13, and 61 of K-ras or in exons 4-10 of p53 and no observed differences in the levels of any of the proteins studied. Among 10 Cd-induced transformed cell lines, significant gene amplification was found for c-myc and c-jun in 50% and 80% of the cell lines, respectively. Chromosome painting was performed to confirm that this amplification was not simply due to additional copies of the chromosomes carrying these oncogenes. In addition, reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to confirm increased expression of c-myc and c-jun. These results suggest that cell transformation induced by Cd may be attributed, at least in part, to gene amplification of c-myc and c-jun and that some of the Cd-transformed cells may possess neoplastic potential resulting from genomic instability. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Spruill, M D AU - Song, B AU - Whong, W-Z AU - Ong, T AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 2002/12/27/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 27 SP - 2131 EP - 2144 VL - 65 IS - 24 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - RNA KW - 63231-63-0 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Mice KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - DNA -- biosynthesis KW - RNA -- biosynthesis KW - Chromosome Painting KW - DNA -- isolation & purification KW - Blotting, Western KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length KW - RNA -- isolation & purification KW - Electrophoresis, Agar Gel KW - Genes, jun -- drug effects KW - Genes, myc -- drug effects KW - Mutation KW - Gene Expression -- drug effects KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Cadmium -- toxicity KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- drug effects KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72809439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Proto-oncogene+amplification+and+overexpression+in+cadmium-induced+cell+transformation.&rft.au=Spruill%2C+M+D%3BSong%2C+B%3BWhong%2C+W-Z%3BOng%2C+T&rft.aulast=Spruill&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-12-27&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=2131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-21 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Current developments in food additive toxicology in the USA. AN - 72802769; 12505345 AB - A recently published proposal (Fed. Reg. 66 (2001) 4706) for mandatory submission of information on all plant-derived bioengineered foods fed to humans or animals will be reviewed. Under this proposal, information such as data on identity, level and function of the introduced substance(s); an estimate of dietary exposure; allergenic potential of the protein; data relevant to other safety issues that may be associated with the substance; selection of a comparable food; historic uses of comparable food; composition and characteristics of bioengineered food versus those of the comparable food should be provided. In addition, characterization of the parent plant; construction of the transformation vector and introduced genetic material along with number of insertion sites and genes; data on the genetic material and any newly inserted genes for antibiotic resistance should be submitted with the notification. The Interagency Coordinating Committee for Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) was identified by the U.S. Congress as the organization to review and validate new alternative toxicological test methods for 14 U.S. government agencies. Validated and accepted alternative toxicity tests will be incorporated into toxicity testing recommendations for regulatory agencies. JF - Toxicology AU - Hattan, David G AU - Kahl, Linda S AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 200 C. St., S.W., Washington, DC 20204, USA. dhattan@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/12/27/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 27 SP - 417 EP - 420 VL - 181-182 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Food Additives KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Toxicology -- methods KW - Food Additives -- toxicity KW - Legislation, Food UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72802769?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Current+developments+in+food+additive+toxicology+in+the+USA.&rft.au=Hattan%2C+David+G%3BKahl%2C+Linda+S&rft.aulast=Hattan&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2002-12-27&rft.volume=181-182&rft.issue=&rft.spage=417&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-28 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Novel markers of susceptibility to carcinogens in diet: associations with colorectal cancer. AN - 72798321; 12505289 AB - Red meats cooked at high temperatures generate mutagenic heterocyclic amines, which undergo metabolic activation by hepatic cytochrome P450 1A2 and N-acetyltransferase-2. A primary detoxification pathway involves glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1), which catalyzes the reduction of the carcinogenic N-acetoxy derivative back to the parent amine. Recently, we described a polymorphism in the GSTA1 proximal promoter; the variant (GSTA1*B) allele significantly lowers enzyme expression. In a case-control study, GSTA1*B/*B genotype was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer, particularly among consumers of well-done meat. Dietary nitrosamines, which are bioactivated by CYP2A6, represent another potential etiologic factor for colorectal cancer. CYP2A6 converts the caffeine metabolite 1,7-dimethylxanthine (17X) to 1,7-dimethyluric acid (17U); we investigated CYP2A6 activity using the 17U/17X urinary metabolite ratio from case-control subjects who completed a caffeine phenotype assay. The distribution of CYP2A6 activity was significantly different between CRCa cases and controls, with subjects in the medium and high activity groups having an increased risk (P for trend=0.001). GSTA1 genotype and CYP2A6 phenotype should be evaluated as markers of susceptibility to dietary carcinogens in future studies. JF - Toxicology AU - Sweeney, Carol AU - Coles, Brian F AU - Nowell, Susan AU - Lang, Nicholas P AU - Kadlubar, Fred F AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2002/12/27/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 27 SP - 83 EP - 87 VL - 181-182 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Biomarkers KW - Carcinogens KW - Carrier Proteins KW - GstA protein, bacteria KW - Nitrosamines KW - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors KW - Caffeine KW - 3G6A5W338E KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases KW - EC 1.- KW - Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - CYP2A6 protein, human KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6 KW - GSTA1 protein, human KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - Index Medicus KW - Carrier Proteins -- genetics KW - Humans KW - DNA -- analysis KW - Nitrosamines -- analysis KW - Risk Assessment KW - Phenotype KW - Genotype KW - Lymphocytes -- chemistry KW - DNA -- genetics KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic -- genetics KW - Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases -- genetics KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases -- genetics KW - Meat -- adverse effects KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Meat -- analysis KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Diet -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72798321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Novel+markers+of+susceptibility+to+carcinogens+in+diet%3A+associations+with+colorectal+cancer.&rft.au=Sweeney%2C+Carol%3BColes%2C+Brian+F%3BNowell%2C+Susan%3BLang%2C+Nicholas+P%3BKadlubar%2C+Fred+F&rft.aulast=Sweeney&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft.date=2002-12-27&rft.volume=181-182&rft.issue=&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-28 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulation and quality control of herbal drugs in Korea AN - 18664110; 5567691 AB - Korea has a great diversity in resources of medicinal plants. The traditional herbal medicines and their preparations have been widely used in Korea as well as in China and Japan for thousands of years. One of the characteristics of Korean herbal medicine preparations is that all the herbal medicines are incorporated into an extractor at the same time and extracted with boiling water during the decoction process. In this process, a variety of interactions between the active components of several herbal medicines may occur. This is the main reason why quality control of oriental herbal drug is more difficult than that of western herbal drug. In this paper, we would like to present an overview of the characteristics of regulation and quality control of herbal medicines in Korea. JF - Toxicology AU - Choi, D W AU - Kim, J H AU - Cho, SY AU - Kim, D H AU - Chang, SY AD - Department of Herbal Medicines Evaluation, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, 122-704, South Korea, cdwkje@hanmail.net Y1 - 2002/12/27/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 27 SP - 581 EP - 586 VL - 181-182 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - drug safety KW - herbal medicines KW - plant extracts KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24172:Plants KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18664110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Regulation+and+quality+control+of+herbal+drugs+in+Korea&rft.au=Choi%2C+D+W%3BKim%2C+J+H%3BCho%2C+SY%3BKim%2C+D+H%3BChang%2C+SY&rft.aulast=Choi&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-12-27&rft.volume=181-182&rft.issue=&rft.spage=581&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Parvalbumin neuron circuits and microglia in three dopamine-poor cortical regions remain sensitive to amphetamine exposure in the absence of hyperthermia, seizure and stroke AN - 18642947; 5546018 AB - The dopamine-releasing and depleting substance amphetamine (AMPH) can make cortical neurons susceptible to damage, and the prevention of hyperthermia, seizures and stroke is thought to block these effects. Here we report a 2-day AMPH treatment paradigm which affected only interneurons in three cortical regions with average or below-average dopamine input. AMPH (six escalating doses/day ranging from 5 to 30 mg/kg for 2 days) was given at 17-18 degree C ambient temperature (T) to adult male rats. During the 2-day AMPH treatment, peak body T stayed below 38.9 degree C in 40% of the AMPH treated rats. In 60% of the rats, deliberate cooling suppressed (39.5 degree C) or minimized (40.0 degree C) hyperthermia. Escalation of stereotypes to seizure-like behaviors was rare and post-mortem morphological signs of stroke were absent. Neurons labeled with the anionic, neurodegeneration-marker dye Fluoro-Jade (F-J) were seen 1 day after dosing, peaked 3 days later, but were barely detectable 14 days after dosing. Only nonpyramidal neurons in layer IV of the somatosensory barrel cortex and in layer II of the piriform cortex and posterolateral cortical amygdaloid nucleus were labeled with Fluoro-Jade. Isolectin B-labeled activated microglia were only detected in their neighborhood. F-J labeled neurons were extremely rare in cortical regions rich in dopamine (e.g. cingulate cortex), and were absent in cortical regions with no dopamine (e.g. visual cortex). Parvalbumin was seen in some Fluoro-Jade-labeled neurons and parvalbumin immunostaining in local axon plexuses intensified. This AMPH paradigm affected fewer cortical regions, and caused smaller reduction in striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity than previous 1-day AMPH regimens generating seizures or severe (above 40 degree C) hyperthermia. Correlation between peak or mean body T and the extent of neurodegeneration or microgliosis was below statistical significance. Astrogliosis (elevated levels of the astroglia-marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)) was detected in many brain regions. In the striatum and midbrain, F-J labeled neurons and activated microglia were absent, but astrogliosis, decreased TH immunolabel, and swollen TH fibers were detected. In sum, after this AMPH treatment, cortical pyramidal neurons were spared, but astrogliosis was brain-wide and some interneurons and microglia in three cortical regions with average or below-average dopamine input remained sensitive to AMPH exposure. JF - Brain Research AU - Jakab, R L AU - Bowyer, J F AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, HFT-132, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA, jbowyer@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/12/20/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 20 SP - 52 EP - 69 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 958 IS - 1 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - rats KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - N3 11106:Neurobiology of drug abuse KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18642947?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+Research&rft.atitle=Parvalbumin+neuron+circuits+and+microglia+in+three+dopamine-poor+cortical+regions+remain+sensitive+to+amphetamine+exposure+in+the+absence+of+hyperthermia%2C+seizure+and+stroke&rft.au=Jakab%2C+R+L%3BBowyer%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Jakab&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-12-20&rft.volume=958&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=52&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+Research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Zinc potentiates 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine induced dopamine depletion in caudate nucleus of mice brain. AN - 72723451; 12457734 AB - Present study describes the effect of zinc (Zn) on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced dopamine depletion in mice brain. MPTP is a known neurotoxicant primarily causing marked depletion of dopamine (DA) levels in nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. Adult Male C57-mice were intraperitonially injected with 25 mg/kg MPTP in the presence or absence of zinc acetate. Twenty-four hours after treatment animals were sacrificed and DA levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography in caudate nucleus of control and treated mice. The results showed that there was a marked depletion of DA in MPTP treated mice, whereas no change was observed in DA levels in mice treated with Zn when compare to controls. Interestingly, mice receiving MPTP in conjunction with Zn showed significantly lower DA levels in brain when compare to animals receiving MPTP alone. In summary the data suggest that Zn treatment potentiates depletion of dopamine in MPTP treated mice. JF - Neuroscience letters AU - Hussain, Saber AU - Ali, Syed F AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. saber.hussain@wpafb.af.mil Y1 - 2002/12/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 19 SP - 25 EP - 28 VL - 335 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3940, 0304-3940 KW - Zinc Compounds KW - 0 KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - MPTP Poisoning KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Substantia Nigra -- drug effects KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Drug Synergism KW - Male KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Caudate Nucleus -- metabolism KW - Zinc Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Caudate Nucleus -- drug effects KW - Zinc Compounds -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72723451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuroscience+letters&rft.atitle=Zinc+potentiates+1-methyl-4-phenyl-1%2C2%2C3%2C6-tetrahydropyridine+induced+dopamine+depletion+in+caudate+nucleus+of+mice+brain.&rft.au=Hussain%2C+Saber%3BAli%2C+Syed+F&rft.aulast=Hussain&rft.aufirst=Saber&rft.date=2002-12-19&rft.volume=335&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuroscience+letters&rft.issn=03043940&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the toxicity of several fumonisin derivatives in a 28-day feeding study with female B6C3F(1) mice. AN - 72792105; 12498732 AB - Fumonisinmycotoxins are produced by Fusaria fungi that grow worldwide primarily on corn. Fumonisin B(1), the most predominant form in corn samples, is a renal carcinogen in male F344/N rats and a hepatocarcinogen in female B6C3F(1) mice when fed at concentrations higher than 50 ppm (70 micromol/kg) in the diet for 2 years. We sought to determine the relative toxicities of several naturally occurring fumonisin derivatives when included in the diet of female B6C3F(1) mice. Mice were fed diets containing fumonisin B(1), fumonisin B(2), fumonisin B(3), fumonisin P1, hydrolyzed-fumonisin B(1), N-(acetyl)fumonisin B(1), or N-(carboxymethyl)fumonisin B(1) (approximately 0, 14, 70, and 140 micromol/kg diet) for 28 days. None of the doses used caused a decrease in body weight gain over the 28 days. Serum levels of total bile acids, cholesterol, and alkaline phosphatase were increased only in mice receiving 72 and 143 micromol/kg fumonisin B(1), suggesting that only fumonisin B(1) was hepatotoxic in the mice. Corroborating this observation, the liver weight, relative to body weight, was decreased only in the mice that consumed 143 micromol/kg fumonisin B(1). Consistent with fumonisin B(1) inhibition of ceramide synthase, the liver sphinganine-to-sphingosine ratio was increased and the liver ceramide levels were decreased only in the mice receiving 72 and 143 micromol/kg fumonisin B(1). Increased hepatocellular apoptosis, hepatocellular hypertrophy, Kupffer cell hyperplasia, and macrophage pigmentation were detected in the mice consuming 72 and 143 micromol/kg fumonisin B(1). The other fumonisin derivatives did not alter serum analytes, organ weights, or hepatic structure. These results suggest that, of the naturally occurring fumonisins, fumonisin B(1) is the principal hepatotoxic derivative in the B6C3F(1) mouse. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Howard, Paul C AU - Couch, Letha H AU - Patton, Ralph E AU - Eppley, Robert M AU - Doerge, Daniel R AU - Churchwell, Mona I AU - Marques, M Matilde AU - Okerberg, Carlin V AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Phoward@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/12/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 15 SP - 153 EP - 165 VL - 185 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Bile Acids and Salts KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - Ceramides KW - Fumonisins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B3 KW - 136379-59-4 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Alkaline Phosphatase KW - EC 3.1.3.1 KW - Sphingosine KW - NGZ37HRE42 KW - safingol KW - OWA98U788S KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Blood Chemical Analysis KW - Proteinuria -- metabolism KW - Ceramides -- metabolism KW - Alkaline Phosphatase -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Bile Acids and Salts -- metabolism KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Diet KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Sphingosine -- metabolism KW - Fumonisins -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- toxicity KW - Sphingosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Fumonisins -- chemistry KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72792105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+toxicity+of+several+fumonisin+derivatives+in+a+28-day+feeding+study+with+female+B6C3F%281%29+mice.&rft.au=Howard%2C+Paul+C%3BCouch%2C+Letha+H%3BPatton%2C+Ralph+E%3BEppley%2C+Robert+M%3BDoerge%2C+Daniel+R%3BChurchwell%2C+Mona+I%3BMarques%2C+M+Matilde%3BOkerberg%2C+Carlin+V&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2002-12-15&rft.volume=185&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - IL-13 receptor-targeted cytotoxin cancer therapy leads to complete eradication of tumors with the aid of phagocytic cells in nude mice model of human cancer. AN - 72755585; 12471149 AB - Tumor-directed therapeutic approaches require unique or overexpressed specific Ag or receptor as a target to achieve selective tumor killing. However, heterogeneous expression of these targets on tumor cells limits the efficacy of this form of therapy. In this study, we forced abundant expression of IL-13Ralpha2 chain by plasmid-mediated gene transfer in head and neck, as well as prostate tumors to provide a potential target. This was followed by successfully treating xenograft tumor-bearing nude mice with IL-13R-directed cytotoxin (IL13-PE38QQR). Although we did not observe an indirect cytotoxic bystander effect conveyed to nontransduced tumor cells in vitro, our approach in vivo led to a complete regression of established tumors transfected with IL-13Ralpha2 chain in most animals. We found that the tumor eradication was achieved in part by infiltration of macrophages and NK cells, assessed by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, head and neck tumors xenografted in macrophage-depleted nude mice were less sensitive to the antitumor effect of IL-13 cytotoxin. Because we did not observe vector-related toxicity in any vital organs, our novel combination strategy of gene transfer of IL-13Ralpha2 chain and receptor-directed cytotoxin therapy may be a useful approach for the treatment of localized cancer. JF - Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) AU - Kawakami, Koji AU - Kawakami, Mariko AU - Puri, Raj K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 2002/12/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 15 SP - 7119 EP - 7126 VL - 169 IS - 12 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Exotoxins KW - IL13RA1 protein, human KW - Il13ra1 protein, mouse KW - Interleukin-13 KW - Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha1 Subunit KW - Receptors, Interleukin KW - Receptors, Interleukin-13 KW - hIL-13-PE38QQR KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Genetic Vectors -- administration & dosage KW - Plasmids -- biosynthesis KW - Genetic Vectors -- biosynthesis KW - Injections, Intralesional KW - Macrophages -- immunology KW - Humans KW - Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating -- pathology KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Mice, Nude KW - Cytotoxicity, Immunologic -- genetics KW - Mice KW - Neoplasm Transplantation KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Transfection KW - Plasmids -- administration & dosage KW - Male KW - Gene Transfer Techniques KW - Receptors, Interleukin -- therapeutic use KW - Receptors, Interleukin -- genetics KW - Head and Neck Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Receptors, Interleukin -- biosynthesis KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- immunology KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Head and Neck Neoplasms -- therapy KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa -- immunology KW - Receptors, Interleukin -- administration & dosage KW - Head and Neck Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Head and Neck Neoplasms -- immunology KW - Exotoxins -- genetics KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- immunology KW - Phagocytes -- pathology KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa -- genetics KW - Phagocytes -- immunology KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Interleukin-13 -- therapeutic use KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- toxicity KW - Exotoxins -- toxicity KW - Exotoxins -- therapeutic use KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- therapy KW - Interleukin-13 -- genetics KW - Interleukin-13 -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72755585?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.atitle=IL-13+receptor-targeted+cytotoxin+cancer+therapy+leads+to+complete+eradication+of+tumors+with+the+aid+of+phagocytic+cells+in+nude+mice+model+of+human+cancer.&rft.au=Kawakami%2C+Koji%3BKawakami%2C+Mariko%3BPuri%2C+Raj+K&rft.aulast=Kawakami&rft.aufirst=Koji&rft.date=2002-12-15&rft.volume=169&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=7119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adult blood lead epidemiology and surveillance--United States, 1998-2001. AN - 72819403; 12528812 AB - Elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) in adults can damage the cardiovascular, central nervous, reproductive, hematologic, and renal systems. The majority of cases are workplace-related. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends that BLLs among all adults be reduced to < 25 microg/dL. The highest BLL acceptable by standards of the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration is 40 microg/dL. The mean BLL of adults in the United States is < 3 microg/dL. This report covers cases of adults (aged > or = 16 years) with BLLs > or = 25 microg/dL, as reported by 25 states during 1998-2001. Since 1987, CDC has sponsored the state-based Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance (ABLES) program to track cases of elevated BLLs and provide intervention consultation and other assistance. Overall ABLES program data were last published in 1999 for the years 1994-1997. This report provides an update with data from 25 states reporting for > or = 2 years during 1998-2001. During that period, the ABLES program funded surveillance in 21 states - Alabama, Arizona, Connecticut, Iowa, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Four additional states - California, Nebraska, New Hampshire, and Utah contributed data without CDC funding. During 1998-2001, the overall program's annual mean state prevalence rate for adults with BLLs > or = 25 microg/dL was 13.4/100,000 employed adults. This compares with 15.2/100,000 for 1994-1997. Yearly rates were 13.8 (1998), 12.9 (1999), 14.3 (2000), and 12.5 (2001). For adults with BLLs > or = 40 microg/dL, the overall program's annual mean state prevalence rare during 1998-2001 was 2.9/ 100,000 employed adults. This compares with 3.9/100,000 for 1994-1997. Yearly rates were 3.3 (1998), 2.5 (1999), 2.9 (2000), and 2.8 (2001). Although certain limitations exist, the overall ABLES data indicate a declining trend in elevated BLLs among employed adults. ABLES-funded states increased from 21 to 35 in 2002, and more detailed reporting requirements were put into effect. These, and other improvements, will enable the ABLES program to work more effectively toward its 2010 target of eliminating all cases of BLLs > or = 25 microg/dL in adults caused by workplace exposures. JF - Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002) AU - Roscoe, Robert J AU - Ball, Wayne AU - Curran, John J AU - DeLaurier, Carol AU - Falken, Myron C AU - Fitchett, Rose AU - Fleissner, Mary Lou AU - Fletcher, Amy E AU - Garman, Susan J AU - Gergely, Rita M AU - Gerwel, Barbara T AU - Gostin, Judith E AU - Keyvan-Larijani, Ezatollah AU - Leiker, Richard D AU - Lofgren, J P AU - Nelson, Deborah R AU - Payne, Susan F AU - Rabin, Richard A AU - Salzman, Diana L AU - Schaller, Kristina E AU - Sims, Amy S AU - Smith, Joshua D AU - Socie, Edward M AU - Stoeckel, Marie AU - Stone, Robert R AU - Whittaker, Stephen G AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 2002/12/13/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 13 SP - 1 EP - 10 VL - 51 IS - 11 SN - 1546-0738, 1546-0738 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Environmental Exposure KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Lead -- blood KW - Population Surveillance KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Lead Poisoning -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72819403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Surveillance+summaries+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+2002%29&rft.atitle=Adult+blood+lead+epidemiology+and+surveillance--United+States%2C+1998-2001.&rft.au=Roscoe%2C+Robert+J%3BBall%2C+Wayne%3BCurran%2C+John+J%3BDeLaurier%2C+Carol%3BFalken%2C+Myron+C%3BFitchett%2C+Rose%3BFleissner%2C+Mary+Lou%3BFletcher%2C+Amy+E%3BGarman%2C+Susan+J%3BGergely%2C+Rita+M%3BGerwel%2C+Barbara+T%3BGostin%2C+Judith+E%3BKeyvan-Larijani%2C+Ezatollah%3BLeiker%2C+Richard+D%3BLofgren%2C+J+P%3BNelson%2C+Deborah+R%3BPayne%2C+Susan+F%3BRabin%2C+Richard+A%3BSalzman%2C+Diana+L%3BSchaller%2C+Kristina+E%3BSims%2C+Amy+S%3BSmith%2C+Joshua+D%3BSocie%2C+Edward+M%3BStoeckel%2C+Marie%3BStone%2C+Robert+R%3BWhittaker%2C+Stephen+G&rft.aulast=Roscoe&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-12-13&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Surveillance+summaries+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+2002%29&rft.issn=15460738&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tetracycline-Regulated Gene Expression in Replication-Incompetent Herpes Simplex Virus Vectors AN - 18659409; 5561726 AB - Although herpes simplex virus (HSV) vectors appear to have great potential as gene delivery vectors both in vitro and in vivo, the expression of foreign genes in such vectors cannot be easily regulated. Of the known eukaryotic regulatory systems, the tetracycline-inducible gene expression system is perhaps the most widely used because of its induction characteristics and because of the well-known pharmacological properties of tetracycline (Tet) and analogs such as doxycycline. Here, we describe the adaptation of the Tet-inducible system for use in replication-incompetent HSV vectors. HSV vectors were constructed that containee several types of Tet-inducible promoters for foreign gene expression. These promoters contained a tetracycline response element (TRE) linked to either a minimal cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate-early promoter, a minimal HSV ICP0 promoter, or a truncated HSV ICP0 promoter containing one copy of the HSV TAATGARAT cis-acting immediate-early regulatory element (where R represents a prime base). All three promoter constructs were regulated appropriately by doxycycline, as shown by the expression of the marker gene lacZ in cell lines engineered to express Tet transactivators. The ICP0 promoter constructs expressed the highest and most sustained levels of lacZ, but the CMV promoter construct had the highest relative level of induction, suggesting their use in different applications. To extend the utility of Tet-regulated HSV vectors, vectors were constructed that coexpressed an inducible Tet transactivator in addition to the inducible lacZ marker gene. This modification resulted in tetracycline-inducible gene expression that was not restricted to specific cell lines, and this vector was capable of inducible expression in irreversibly differentiated NT2 cells (NT-neurons) for several days. Finally, HSV vectors were constructed that expressed modified Tet transactivators, resulting in improved induction properties and indicating the flexibility of the Tet-regulated system for regulation of foreign gene expression in HSV vector-infected cells. JF - Human Gene Therapy AU - Schmeisser, F AU - Donohue, M AU - Weir, J P AD - Division of Viral Products, HFM-457, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852, USA, weirj@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/12/10/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 10 SP - 2113 EP - 2124 VL - 13 IS - 18 SN - 1043-0342, 1043-0342 KW - HSV KW - gene expression KW - man KW - tetracycline response element KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - N 14682:Cloning vectors KW - W3 33181:Gene therapy vectors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18659409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Gene+Therapy&rft.atitle=Tetracycline-Regulated+Gene+Expression+in+Replication-Incompetent+Herpes+Simplex+Virus+Vectors&rft.au=Schmeisser%2C+F%3BDonohue%2C+M%3BWeir%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Schmeisser&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-12-10&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=2113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+Gene+Therapy&rft.issn=10430342&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Labeling of diphenhydramine-containing drug products for over-the-counter human use. Final rule. AN - 72760649; 12474879 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing a final rule amending the final monographs for over-the-counter (OTC) antiemetic, antihistamine, antitussive, and nighttime sleep-aid drug products to add a warning statement for oral products containing diphenhydramine citrate or diphenhydramine hydrochloride. The warning advises consumers not to use oral OTC diphenhydramine products with any other product containing diphenhydramine, including products used topically. This final rule also includes the agency's conclusions on additional warning statements and a direction statement for OTC external analgesic drug products containing diphenhydramine hydrochloride. These conclusions will be incorporated into the final monograph for OTC external analgesic drug products in a future issue of the Federal Register. FDA is issuing this final rule after considering public comments on the agency's proposed regulation and all new data and information on drug products containing diphenhydramine that have come to the agency's attention JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2002/12/02/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 02 SP - 72555 EP - 72559 VL - 67 IS - 235 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Analgesics KW - 0 KW - Antiemetics KW - Antitussive Agents KW - Histamine H1 Antagonists KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives KW - Nonprescription Drugs KW - Diphenhydramine KW - 8GTS82S83M KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Antitussive Agents -- toxicity KW - Humans KW - Histamine H1 Antagonists -- administration & dosage KW - Antitussive Agents -- adverse effects KW - Analgesics -- adverse effects KW - Antiemetics -- administration & dosage KW - Nonprescription Drugs -- adverse effects KW - Nonprescription Drugs -- therapeutic use KW - Nonprescription Drugs -- toxicity KW - Analgesics -- toxicity KW - Administration, Topical KW - Histamine H1 Antagonists -- therapeutic use KW - Measles -- drug therapy KW - Antiemetics -- therapeutic use KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives -- therapeutic use KW - Histamine H1 Antagonists -- adverse effects KW - Antitussive Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Antiemetics -- toxicity KW - Antiemetics -- adverse effects KW - Chickenpox -- drug therapy KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives -- toxicity KW - Sunburn -- drug therapy KW - Dermatitis, Toxicodendron -- drug therapy KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives -- administration & dosage KW - Consumer Product Safety -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Histamine H1 Antagonists -- toxicity KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives -- adverse effects KW - Analgesics -- administration & dosage KW - Analgesics -- therapeutic use KW - Antitussive Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Diphenhydramine -- toxicity KW - Diphenhydramine -- administration & dosage KW - Drug Labeling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Diphenhydramine -- therapeutic use KW - Diphenhydramine -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72760649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Labeling+of+diphenhydramine-containing+drug+products+for+over-the-counter+human+use.+Final+rule.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2002-12-02&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=235&rft.spage=72555&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medical applications of microarray technologies: a regulatory science perspective AN - 864951639; 13746521 AB - The potential medical applications of microarrays have generated much excitement, and some skepticism, within the biomedical community. Some researchers have suggested that within the decade microarrays will be routinely used in the selection, assessment, and quality control of the best drugs for pharmaceutical development, as well as for disease diagnosis and for monitoring desired and adverse outcomes of therapeutic interventions. Realizing this potential will be a challenge for the whole scientific community, as breakthroughs that show great promise at the bench often fail to meet the requirements of clinicians and regulatory scientists. The development of a cooperative framework among regulators, product sponsors, and technology experts will be essential for realizing the revolutionary promise that microarrays hold for drug development, regulatory science, medical practice and public health. JF - Nature Genetics AU - Petricoin, Emanuel F AU - Hackett, Joseph L AU - Lesko, Lawrence J AU - Puri, Raj K AU - Gutman, Steven I AU - Chumakov, Konstantin AU - Woodcock, Janet AU - Feigal, David W AU - Zoon, Kathryn C AU - Sistare, Frank D AD - Division of Applied Pharmacology Research, Office of Testing and Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 474 EP - 479 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building London N1 9XW United Kingdom VL - 32 Suppl 2 IS - Supp SN - 1061-4036, 1061-4036 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Therapeutic applications KW - Drug development KW - Public health KW - Genetics KW - intervention KW - Quality control KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Drugs KW - cooperatives KW - Technology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - G 07730:Development & Cell Cycle KW - N 14810:Methods KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/864951639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Genetics&rft.atitle=Medical+applications+of+microarray+technologies%3A+a+regulatory+science+perspective&rft.au=Petricoin%2C+Emanuel+F%3BHackett%2C+Joseph+L%3BLesko%2C+Lawrence+J%3BPuri%2C+Raj+K%3BGutman%2C+Steven+I%3BChumakov%2C+Konstantin%3BWoodcock%2C+Janet%3BFeigal%2C+David+W%3BZoon%2C+Kathryn+C%3BSistare%2C+Frank+D&rft.aulast=Petricoin&rft.aufirst=Emanuel&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=32+Suppl+2&rft.issue=Supp&rft.spage=474&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Genetics&rft.issn=10614036&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fng1029 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quality control; Therapeutic applications; Pharmaceuticals; Drug development; Public health; Genetics; intervention; cooperatives; Drugs; Technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1029 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improving the use of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) for the gastrointestinal tract by esterification--an in vitro study. AN - 72875981; 12699251 AB - Possible approaches to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) are the esterification of ALA for enhanced uptake and the choice of wavelength for irradiation. The human colonic cell lines HT29 [G2] and CCD18 (fibroblasts) were incubated with 0.6 mM ALA, ALA-hexylester or -benzylester respectively, and for further assays with hypotaurine, in addition. PPIX-accumulation was analyzed by flow cytometry and fluorescence spectroscopy. PPIX formation kinetics were continuously recorded. Incubated cells were irradiated with an incoherent light source lambda = 400-700 nm or lambda = 590-700 nm, respectively. After PDT treatment, clonogenicity assays were performed to determine cell viability. Esterification leads to increased PPIX-accumulation, decreased time for production of detectable amounts of PPIX as well as increased response to PDT. Tumor specificity is always maintained or exceeds values for ALA alone. ALA enters the cells via beta transporter whereas esters by passive diffusion. Altering irradiation wavelengths showed the independence of wavelength rather than light dose. Results emphasize the role of heme metabolism for generating tumor specificity rather than the process of ALA-uptake, an important detail for future clinical application. JF - Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France) AU - Krieg, R C AU - Uihlein, D AU - Murthum, T AU - Endlicher, E AU - Hausmann, F AU - Messmann, H AU - Knuechel, R AD - National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. krieg@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 917 EP - 923 VL - 48 IS - 8 SN - 0145-5680, 0145-5680 KW - Protoporphyrins KW - 0 KW - Aminolevulinic Acid KW - 88755TAZ87 KW - protoporphyrin IX KW - C2K325S808 KW - Index Medicus KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Kinetics KW - Humans KW - Colon -- drug effects KW - Light KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Photochemotherapy -- methods KW - Time Factors KW - Cell Line KW - Aminolevulinic Acid -- therapeutic use KW - Digestive System -- drug effects KW - Protoporphyrins -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72875981?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cellular+and+molecular+biology+%28Noisy-le-Grand%2C+France%29&rft.atitle=Improving+the+use+of+5-aminolevulinic+acid+%28ALA%29-induced+protoporphyrin+IX+%28PPIX%29+for+the+gastrointestinal+tract+by+esterification--an+in+vitro+study.&rft.au=Krieg%2C+R+C%3BUihlein%2C+D%3BMurthum%2C+T%3BEndlicher%2C+E%3BHausmann%2C+F%3BMessmann%2C+H%3BKnuechel%2C+R&rft.aulast=Krieg&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=917&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cellular+and+molecular+biology+%28Noisy-le-Grand%2C+France%29&rft.issn=01455680&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trail making test and malingering among substance abusers. AN - 72870792; 12652900 AB - The Trail Making Test (TMT) is often used for screening cognitive impairments in substance abusers. A possible limitation of the TMT in clinical settings is that substance abusers may malinger and give poor effort. In this study, previously validated cutting scores for malingering were applied to a sample of 7689 substance abusers (primary drug of abuse-number of subjects: Alcohol-1000, Marijuana-259, Hallucinogen-128, Cocaine/crack-4306, Heroin-1548, Narcotics/other opiates-191, Sedatives-72, Amphetamines-185) in drug abuse treatment programs. A mixed race sample was drawn from electronic files of data from the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS). The DATOS was a naturalistic, prospective cohort study that collected data from 1991-1993 in 96 programs in 11 cites in the United States. Data were analyzed to determine the number of substance abusers that fell beyond the preset malingering cutting scores on the TMT in this very large sample of substance abusing patients in treatment settings. The TMT variables of seconds to complete Part A and Part B, and the ratio score of Part B divided by Part A (B/A), ranged from no subjects beyond the preset cutting score for Part B to 2.28% (175 of 7689 subjects) for Part A to 9.74% (749 of 7689 subjects) for the ratio score. Most substance abusers fell within preset cutting score ranges, a finding that suggests that their scores are valid. Another interpretation of the data, however, is that the cutoff scores were not particularly sensitive to biased responding. Further research is indicated. JF - The International journal of neuroscience AU - Horton, Arthur MacNeill AU - Roberts, Charles AD - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockwall II Building, Suite 840, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. ahorton@samhsa.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1489 EP - 1496 VL - 112 IS - 12 SN - 0020-7454, 0020-7454 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Trail Making Test -- statistics & numerical data KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- psychology KW - Malingering -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72870792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.atitle=Trail+making+test+and+malingering+among+substance+abusers.&rft.au=Horton%2C+Arthur+MacNeill%3BRoberts%2C+Charles&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1489&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.issn=00207454&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-21 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Silicosis and end-stage renal disease. AN - 72827952; 12539804 AB - The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of renal disease among workers with silicosis. A population of 1,328 workers with definite silicosis and adequate work history information, drawn from three states with silicosis surveillance systems, was followed. Renal disease was ascertained via linkage of the cohort with a United States register (which has existed since 1977) of end-stage renal disease. In the first analysis, it was assumed that the risk of end-stage renal disease began upon exposure to silica. In this analysis 12 cases of end-stage renal disease were found versus 15.6 expected, for a rate ratio of 0.77. Four cases of glomerular end-stage renal disease were found (standardized incidence ratio 2.65, 95% confidence interval 0.56-5.25). It is possible that some persons with end-stage renal disease died before being entered into the silicosis registers. In a second analysis, person-time at risk was assumed to begin at the date of entry into the silicosis register. A rate ratio of 1.67 (95% confidence interval 0.76-3.17) was found for end-stage renal disease on the basis of nine observed cases. The results do not clearly show that patients with silicosis have an excess of end-state renal disease, although they do suggest an excess of glomerular end-stage renal disease. Analyses were limited by small numbers and possible selection biases. JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Steenland, Kyle AU - Rosenman, Ken AU - Socie, Ed AU - Valiante, Dave AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. nsteenl@sph.emory.edu Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 439 EP - 442 VL - 28 IS - 6 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Index Medicus KW - Registries KW - New Jersey -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Ohio -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Incidence KW - Michigan -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Silicosis -- complications KW - Occupational Diseases -- complications KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Kidney Failure, Chronic -- epidemiology KW - Kidney Failure, Chronic -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72827952?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Silicosis+and+end-stage+renal+disease.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+Kyle%3BRosenman%2C+Ken%3BSocie%2C+Ed%3BValiante%2C+Dave&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-14 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicology and carcinogenesis study of chloral hydrate (ad libitum and dietary controlled) (CAS no. 302-17-0) in male B6C3F1 mice (gavage study). AN - 72821981; 12533745 AB - [structure: see text] Chloral hydrate is used medically as a sedative or hypnotic and as a rubefacient in topical preparations, and it is often given to children as a sedative during dental and other medical procedures. Chloral hydrate is used as a central nervous system depressant and sedative in veterinary medicine and as a general anesthetic in cattle and horses. It is a byproduct of the chlorination of water and has been detected in plant effluent after the bleaching of softwood pulp. Chloral, the anhydrous form of chloral hydrate, is used as a synthetic intermediate in the production of insecticides and herbicides. Chloral hydrate was nominated for study by the Food and Drug Administration based upon widespread human exposure and its potential hepatotoxicity and the toxicity of related chemicals. A dietary control component was incorporated in response to concerns within the regulatory community relating to increased background neoplasm incidences in rodent strains used for toxicity testing and to the proposed use of dietary restriction to control background neoplasm incidence in rodent cancer studies. Male B6C3F1 mice (ad libitum-fed or dietary-controlled) received chloral hydrate (99% pure) by gavage for 2 years. 2-YEAR STUDY IN MALE MICE: Groups of 120 male mice received chloral hydrate in distilled water by gavage at doses of 0, 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg 5 days per week for 104 to 105 weeks. Each dose group was divided into two dietary groups of 60 mice. The ad libitum-fed mice had free access to feed, and the dietary-controlled mice received feed in measured daily amounts calculated to maintain body weight on a previously computed idealized body weight curve. Twelve mice from each diet and dose group were evaluated at 15 months. Survival of dosed groups of ad libitum-fed and dietary-controlled mice was similar to that of the corresponding vehicle controls. When compared to the ad libitum-fed groups, dietary control significantly increased survival in the vehicle controls and 25 and 50 mg/kg groups. Mean body weights of all dosed groups were similar to those of the vehicle control groups throughout the study. The dietary-controlled mice were successfully maintained at or near their target idealized body weights. There was less individual variation in body weights in the dietary-controlled groups than in the corresponding ad libitum-fed groups. Feed consumption by 25 and 50 mg/kg ad libitum-fed mice was generally similar to that by the vehicle controls throughout the study. Feed consumption by 100 mg/kg ad libitum-fed mice was slightly less than that by the vehicle controls throughout the study. Chloral hydrate did not significantly induce either lauric acid 4-hydroxylase activity or CYP4A immunoreactive protein in any of the dosed groups of ad libitum-fed mice. However, 100 mg/kg did significantly induce both lauric acid 4-hydroxylase activity and CYP4A immunoreactive protein in the dietary-controlled mice. Moreover, the induction response profile of CYP4A was similar to the increase in the incidence of liver neoplasms at 2 years in the dietary-controlled mice with the major effect occurring in the 100 mg/kg group. The serum enzymes alanine aminotransferase, amylase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase were also assayed at 2 years. In the ad libitum-fed groups there was a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase activity in the 50 mg/kg group. There were no other significant effects in any dosed group, but in general the dietary-controlled groups exhibited lower values than the corresponding ad libitum-fed groups. The heart weight of ad libitum-fed male mice administered 100 mg/kg and the kidney weights of 50 and 100 mg/kg ad libitum-fed mice were significantly less than those of the vehicle controls at 2 years. The liver weights of all dosed groups of ad libitum-fed and dietary-controlled mice were greater than those of the vehicle control groups at 2 years, but the increases were not statistically significant. The incidence of hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma (combined) in ad libitum-fed mice administered 25 mg/kg was significantly greater than that in the vehicle controls at 2 years. The incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma and of hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma (combined) occurred with positive trends in dietary-controlled male mice at 2 years, and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in 100 mg/kg dietary-controlled mice was significantly increased. Under the conditions used in this 2-year gavage study, there was some evidence of carcinogenic activity of chloral hydrate in male B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma (combined) in ad libitum-fed mice and on increased incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma in dietary-controlled mice. In the dietary-controlled mice, induction of enzymes associated with peroxisome proliferation was observed at higher doses. JF - National Toxicology Program technical report series AU - US Department of Health and Human Services National Toxicology Program AD - US Department of Health and Human Services National Toxicology Program Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1 EP - 218 IS - 503 SN - 0888-8051, 0888-8051 KW - Chloral Hydrate KW - 418M5916WG KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Diet KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Chloral Hydrate -- toxicity KW - Chloral Hydrate -- metabolism KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Chloral Hydrate -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72821981?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Toxicology+Program+technical+report+series&rft.atitle=Toxicology+and+carcinogenesis+study+of+chloral+hydrate+%28ad+libitum+and+dietary+controlled%29+%28CAS+no.+302-17-0%29+in+male+B6C3F1+mice+%28gavage+study%29.&rft.au=US+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services+National+Toxicology+Program&rft.aulast=US+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services+National+Toxicology+Program&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=503&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=National+Toxicology+Program+technical+report+series&rft.issn=08888051&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute care for alcohol intoxication. Be prepared to consider clinical dilemmas. AN - 72808589; 12510444 AB - The clinical assessment of an acutely intoxicated patient should be performed with meticulous care and include repetitive examinations to properly determine the patient's condition. Multiple factors, such as trauma and concomitant use of other drugs, can confuse the diagnostic picture and affect the choice of therapy. In this article, Dr Yost reviews the diagnostic considerations, appropriate treatment, and clinic discharge for the intoxicated patient. JF - Postgraduate medicine AU - Yost, David A AD - Whiteriver US Public Health Service Hospital, PO Box 860, Whiteriver, AZ 85941, USA. david.yost@mail.ihs.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 14 EP - 6, 21-2, 25-6 VL - 112 IS - 6 SN - 0032-5481, 0032-5481 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Mental Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Diagnosis, Differential KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Ethanol -- blood KW - Ethanol -- adverse effects KW - Ethanol -- pharmacokinetics KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- diagnosis KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- physiopathology KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72808589?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Postgraduate+medicine&rft.atitle=Acute+care+for+alcohol+intoxication.+Be+prepared+to+consider+clinical+dilemmas.&rft.au=Yost%2C+David+A&rft.aulast=Yost&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Postgraduate+medicine&rft.issn=00325481&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Management of occupational blood exposures. AN - 72806319; 12512661 JF - Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) AU - U.S. Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention AD - U.S. Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1630 VL - 133 IS - 12 SN - 0002-8177, 0002-8177 KW - Dentistry KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Hepatitis C -- prevention & control KW - Dental Auxiliaries KW - Hepatitis B -- prevention & control KW - Hepatitis C -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Dentists KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional -- prevention & control KW - Hepatitis B -- transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72806319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Dental+Association+%281939%29&rft.atitle=Management+of+occupational+blood+exposures.&rft.au=U.S.+Public+Health+Service%2C+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.aulast=U.S.+Public+Health+Service&rft.aufirst=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1630&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Dental+Association+%281939%29&rft.issn=00028177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-18 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Updated USPHS guidelines for managing occupational exposures to HBV, HCV, and HIV and considerations for dentistry. AN - 72805629; 12512660 JF - Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) AU - U.S. Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention AD - U.S. Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1627 EP - 1629 VL - 133 IS - 12 SN - 0002-8177, 0002-8177 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - Dentistry KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Mandatory Reporting KW - Inservice Training KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Blood-Borne Pathogens KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Hepatitis C -- prevention & control KW - Dental Auxiliaries KW - Hepatitis B -- prevention & control KW - Hepatitis C -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - Occupational Exposure -- classification KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Dentists KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional -- prevention & control KW - Hepatitis B -- transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72805629?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Dental+Association+%281939%29&rft.atitle=Updated+USPHS+guidelines+for+managing+occupational+exposures+to+HBV%2C+HCV%2C+and+HIV+and+considerations+for+dentistry.&rft.au=U.S.+Public+Health+Service%2C+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.aulast=U.S.+Public+Health+Service&rft.aufirst=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1627&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Dental+Association+%281939%29&rft.issn=00028177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-18 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacoepidemiologic implications of erroneous varicella vaccinations in pregnancy through confusion with Varicella zoster immune globulin. AN - 72804495; 12512240 AB - A series of case reports to the varicella vaccine Pregnancy Registry described inadvertent administrations during pregnancy of this live virus product instead of the intended Varicella zoster immune globulin. Cases continued to accrue despite an early publication about the pattern. The persistent problem warrants specific educational efforts to prevent further repetitions. It also has more general implications for medical product safety surveillance. First, this problem's original detection depended on the Pregnancy Registry's open-ended collection of information about pregnancy exposures. It could have escaped recognition through surveillance limited to pre specified potential risks. This need for unrestricted reporting and human vigilance to sift through case stories has particular relevance for efforts to re-think methods to monitor gestational drug exposures. In addition, the problem's persistence despite initial publicity suggests that diligent surveillance may require continued follow-up of identified safety issues. Periodic reassessments of selected preventable problems might strengthen efforts to minimize product risks. JF - Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety AU - Wise, Robert P AU - Braun, M Miles AU - Seward, Jane F AU - Mootrey, Gina Terracciano AU - Shields, Kristine E AU - Salive, Marcel E AU - Krause, Philip R AD - Division of Epidemiology, Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA. wise@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 651 EP - 654 VL - 11 IS - 8 SN - 1053-8569, 1053-8569 KW - Chickenpox Vaccine KW - 0 KW - Immune Sera KW - varicella-zoster immune globulin KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Drug Information Services KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Medication Errors -- adverse effects KW - Immunization, Passive KW - Chickenpox Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Chickenpox -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72804495?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+drug+safety&rft.atitle=Pharmacoepidemiologic+implications+of+erroneous+varicella+vaccinations+in+pregnancy+through+confusion+with+Varicella+zoster+immune+globulin.&rft.au=Wise%2C+Robert+P%3BBraun%2C+M+Miles%3BSeward%2C+Jane+F%3BMootrey%2C+Gina+Terracciano%3BShields%2C+Kristine+E%3BSalive%2C+Marcel+E%3BKrause%2C+Philip+R&rft.aulast=Wise&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=651&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+drug+safety&rft.issn=10538569&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-12 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ECVAM-ICCVAM: prospects for future collaboration. AN - 72804136; 12513682 AB - The level and complexity of testing for hazard and risk assessment of marketed products and environmental agents has increased substantially over time, resulting in the use of greater numbers of both animals and humans for testing. Today, industry and regulatory bodies worldwide face increasing pressures to demonstrate responsible utilisation of laboratory animals, to limit their use, and to employ alternative non-animal tests. Institutions have also been established to identify, encourage development of, conduct research on, and validate new, improved, and surrogate test methods that will reduce and replace animal use. Two such organisations are ECVAM and the Interagency Coordinating Committee for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM). As the evolutionary changes occurring in the field of toxicology result in an unprecedented increase in the introduction of alternative methodologies, these will strain the capacities of such alternative methods institutions. That realisation is causing a shift in thinking and creating an impetus to seek approaches by which to collaborate and develop more-efficient operational procedures for the validation and regulatory acceptance of alternative methods. Similarities in objectives, functions, scientific standards, and commitment to the principles of validation and animal welfare support the value of a cooperative arrangement between ECVAM and ICCVAM, to minimise duplication of effort, maximise productivity, and influence the international adoption of alternative tests. Opportunities for ECVAM-ICCVAM collaboration are discussed, which illustrate the feasibility and potential benefits of such a partnership. JF - Alternatives to laboratory animals : ATLA AU - Schechtman, Leonard M AU - Stokes, William S AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 227 EP - 236 VL - 30 Suppl 2 SN - 0261-1929, 0261-1929 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Public Health Service KW - European Union KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Toxicity Tests KW - Animals, Laboratory KW - Risk Assessment KW - Animal Testing Alternatives KW - Cooperative Behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72804136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alternatives+to+laboratory+animals+%3A+ATLA&rft.atitle=ECVAM-ICCVAM%3A+prospects+for+future+collaboration.&rft.au=Schechtman%2C+Leonard+M%3BStokes%2C+William+S&rft.aulast=Schechtman&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=30+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alternatives+to+laboratory+animals+%3A+ATLA&rft.issn=02611929&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Density of total and pathogenic (tdh+) Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Atlantic and Gulf coast molluscan shellfish at harvest. AN - 72794838; 12495004 AB - The densities of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in 671 samples of molluscan shellfish harvested in 1999 and 2000 from 14 sites in seven Gulf and Atlantic coast states were determined at 2-week intervals over a period of 12 to 16 months in each state. Changes in V. parahaemolyticus densities in shellfish between harvest and sample analysis were minimized with time and temperature controls. Densities were measured by direct plating techniques, and gene probes were used for identification. Total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus organisms were identified with probes for the thermolabile direct hemolysin (tlh) gene and the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) gene, respectively. An enrichment procedure involving 25 g of shellfish was also used for the recovery of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus. The densities of V. parahaemolyticus in shellfish from all harvest sites were positively correlated with water temperature. Shellfish from the Gulf Coast typically had higher densities of V. parahaemolyticus than did shellfish harvested from the North Atlantic or mid-Atlantic coast. Vibrio parahaemolyticus counts exceeded 1,000 CFU/g for only 5% of all samples. Pathogenic (tdh+) V. parahaemolyticus was detected in approximately 6% of all samples by both procedures, and 61.5% of populations in the positive samples from the direct plating procedure were at the lower limit of detection (10 CFU/g). The frequency of detection of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus was significantly related to water temperature and to the density of total V. parahaemolyticus. The failure to detect pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in shellfish more frequently was attributed to the low numbers and uneven distribution of the organism. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Cook, David W AU - Bowers, John C AU - DePaola, Angelo AD - Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, P.O. Box 158, One Iberville Drive, Dauphin Island, Alabama 36528-0158, USA. dcook@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1873 EP - 1880 VL - 65 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Temperature KW - Food Contamination KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Seawater -- microbiology KW - Water Microbiology KW - Prevalence KW - Food Microbiology KW - Mollusca -- microbiology KW - Vibrio parahaemolyticus -- growth & development KW - Vibrio parahaemolyticus -- isolation & purification KW - Shellfish -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72794838?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Density+of+total+and+pathogenic+%28tdh%2B%29+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus+in+Atlantic+and+Gulf+coast+molluscan+shellfish+at+harvest.&rft.au=Cook%2C+David+W%3BBowers%2C+John+C%3BDePaola%2C+Angelo&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1873&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-25 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On-site measurement of blood-lead concentrations using field-portable electroanalysis. AN - 72791042; 12495592 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Taylor, Lauralynn AU - Jones, Robert L AU - Ashley, Kevin AD - CDC/NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Mail Stop R-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 818 EP - 821 VL - 17 IS - 12 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Workplace KW - Electrochemistry -- instrumentation KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Lead Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Lead -- blood KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72791042?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=On-site+measurement+of+blood-lead+concentrations+using+field-portable+electroanalysis.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Lauralynn%3BJones%2C+Robert+L%3BAshley%2C+Kevin&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Lauralynn&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=818&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of silica exposure in construction: scabbling concrete. AN - 72788560; 12495590 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Echt, Alan AU - Sieber, William AU - Jones, Aaron AU - Jones, Erica AD - Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch, NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 809 EP - 813 VL - 17 IS - 12 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Silicosis -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Silicon Dioxide -- analysis KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Construction Materials -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72788560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Control+of+silica+exposure+in+construction%3A+scabbling+concrete.&rft.au=Echt%2C+Alan%3BSieber%2C+William%3BJones%2C+Aaron%3BJones%2C+Erica&rft.aulast=Echt&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=809&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Short of complete abstinence: an analysis exploration of multiple drinking episodes in alcoholism treatment trials. AN - 72787265; 12500103 AB - In alcoholism treatment clinical trials, conventional analysis of efficacy outcomes often focuses on the time to a first event, where the event may be "any drinking", "safe (or low risk) drinking", "moderate drinking" or "heavy drinking," in addition to multiple outcomes such as frequency of drinking days, percent abstinence days, etc. We consider the multivariate failure time analytic methods. In alcoholism treatment trials, the naturalistic course of drinking behavior during treatment intervention often presents with a gradual change in drinking before the emergence of a more stable drinking or abstinence pattern. Thus, for each subject, evaluation of all drinking events, and incorporating the event times over a defined duration, may give a more comprehensive description of his/her drinking pattern. As a consequence, the efficacy of a new treatment for alcoholism may be elevated with greater statistical sensitivity. The utility of the multiple failure time method is demonstrated via a real case study for evaluation of alcoholism treatments. The multiple event time analyses showed that the risk of having "any drinking days" or "heavy drinking days" during the entire duration of the study was significantly lower with experimental treatment than with placebo. Further explorations showed that the treatment effect was primarily observed in the later relapse events and not the first event with respect to relapse to any drinking episodes. Such effect would have missed using the traditional time to first event analysis approach. The observed effect of treatment with respect to relapse to multiple heavy drinking episodes was shown not only in the first event but also in the later events. The multiple failure time approach may be applicable when 'drinking failure' is variously defined as a single drink, one at-risk drinking day, one heavy drinking day, or one alcohol-related social, occupational or medical problem. If "a drinking episode" is properly defined and the design gains statistical efficiency, the multiple event analytic strategy should provide improved statistical power to detect treatment effects. JF - Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research AU - Wang, Sue-Jane AU - Winchell, Cellia J AU - McCormick, Cynthia G AU - Nevius, S Edward AU - O'Neill, Robert T AD - Division of Biometrics II, OB/OPaSS/CDER/FDA, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. wangs@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1803 EP - 1809 VL - 26 IS - 12 SN - 0145-6008, 0145-6008 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Alcohol Drinking -- therapy KW - Alcoholism -- epidemiology KW - Alcoholism -- therapy KW - Temperance -- psychology KW - Alcohol Drinking -- psychology KW - Alcohol Drinking -- epidemiology KW - Temperance -- statistics & numerical data KW - Alcoholism -- psychology KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- methods KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- statistics & numerical data KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72787265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcoholism%2C+clinical+and+experimental+research&rft.atitle=Short+of+complete+abstinence%3A+an+analysis+exploration+of+multiple+drinking+episodes+in+alcoholism+treatment+trials.&rft.au=Wang%2C+Sue-Jane%3BWinchell%2C+Cellia+J%3BMcCormick%2C+Cynthia+G%3BNevius%2C+S+Edward%3BO%27Neill%2C+Robert+T&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Sue-Jane&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1803&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcoholism%2C+clinical+and+experimental+research&rft.issn=01456008&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protective role of Kupffer cells in acetaminophen-induced hepatic injury in mice. AN - 72770372; 12482232 AB - Hepatic injury induced by various toxic agents, including acetaminophen (APAP), has been attributed, in part, to the production of proinflammatory cytokines and other mediators by resident Kupffer cells within the liver. However, recent evidence from our laboratory has demonstrated that hepato-protective factors, such as interleukin (IL)-10 and cyclooxygenase-derived mediators, are also upregulated in response to hepatic damage to help protect against exacerbated injury, and Kupffer cells have been suggested to be a source of these modulatory factors. In other models, Kupffer cells also serve important regulatory functions in pathophysiological states of the liver. Therefore, we reevaluated the role of Kupffer cells in a murine model of APAP-induced liver injury using liposome-entrapped clodronate (liposome/clodronate) as an effective Kupffer cell-depleting agent. We show that in contrast to pretreatment of mice with a widely used macrophage inhibitor, gadolinium chloride, which did not deplete Kupffer cells but moderately protected against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity as reported previously, the intravenous injection of liposome/clodronate caused nearly complete elimination of Kupffer cells and significantly increased susceptibility to APAP-induced liver injury as compared with mice pretreated with empty liposomes. This increased susceptibility was apparently unrelated to the metabolism of APAP since liposome/clodronate pretreatment did not alter APAP-protein adduct levels. Instead, Kupffer cell depletion by liposome/clodronate led to significant decreases in the levels of hepatic mRNA expression of several hepato-regulatory cytokines and mediators, including IL-6, IL-10, IL-18 binding protein and complement 1q, suggesting that Kupffer cells are a significant source for production of these mediators in this model. Our findings indicate that, in addition to their protoxicant activities, Kupffer cells can also have an important protective function in the liver through the production of a variety of modulatory factors which may counteract inflammatory responses and/or stimulate liver regeneration. JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Ju, Cynthia AU - Reilly, Timothy P AU - Bourdi, Mohammed AU - Radonovich, Michael F AU - Brady, John N AU - George, John W AU - Pohl, Lance R AD - Molecular and Cellular Toxicology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Cynthia.Ju@uchsc.edu Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1504 EP - 1513 VL - 15 IS - 12 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - Cytokines KW - 0 KW - Inflammation Mediators KW - Isoenzymes KW - Liposomes KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Clodronic Acid KW - 0813BZ6866 KW - Acetaminophen KW - 362O9ITL9D KW - Complement C1q KW - 80295-33-6 KW - Gadolinium KW - AU0V1LM3JT KW - Cyclooxygenase 2 KW - EC 1.14.99.1 KW - Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases KW - Alanine Transaminase KW - EC 2.6.1.2 KW - gadolinium chloride KW - P7082WY76D KW - Index Medicus KW - Clodronic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Gadolinium -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Complement C1q -- biosynthesis KW - Cytokines -- biosynthesis KW - Gene Expression KW - Mice KW - RNA, Messenger -- biosynthesis KW - Mice, Knockout KW - Inflammation Mediators -- metabolism KW - Alanine Transaminase -- blood KW - Isoenzymes -- biosynthesis KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases -- biosynthesis KW - Female KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury KW - Liver Diseases -- pathology KW - Kupffer Cells -- physiology KW - Kupffer Cells -- cytology KW - Kupffer Cells -- metabolism KW - Kupffer Cells -- drug effects KW - Liver Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Acetaminophen -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72770372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Protective+role+of+Kupffer+cells+in+acetaminophen-induced+hepatic+injury+in+mice.&rft.au=Ju%2C+Cynthia%3BReilly%2C+Timothy+P%3BBourdi%2C+Mohammed%3BRadonovich%2C+Michael+F%3BBrady%2C+John+N%3BGeorge%2C+John+W%3BPohl%2C+Lance+R&rft.aulast=Ju&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1504&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tumor necrosis factor antagonist therapy and lymphoma development: twenty-six cases reported to the Food and Drug Administration. AN - 72765648; 12483718 AB - Etanercept and infliximab are tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists that have been recently approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Crohn's disease (CD). This study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence of lymphoproliferative disorders in patients treated with these agents. Relevant data in the MedWatch postmarket adverse event surveillance system run by the US Food and Drug Administration were reviewed. We identified 26 cases of lymphoproliferative disorders following treatment with etanercept (18 cases) or infliximab (8 cases). The majority of cases (81%) were non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The interval between initiation of therapy with etanercept or infliximab and the development of lymphoma was very short (median 8 weeks). In 2 instances (1 infliximab, 1 etanercept), lymphoma regression was observed following discontinuation of anti-TNF treatment, in the absence of specific cytotoxic therapy directed toward the lymphoma. Although data from a case series such as this cannot establish a clear causal relationship between exposure to these medications and the risk of lymphoproliferative disease, the known predisposition of patients with RA and CD to lymphoma, the known excess of lymphoma in other immunosuppressed populations, and the known immunosuppressive effects of the anti-TNF drugs provide a biologic basis for concern and justification for the initiation of additional epidemiologic studies to formally evaluate this possible association. JF - Arthritis and rheumatism AU - Brown, S Lori AU - Greene, Mark H AU - Gershon, Sharon K AU - Edwards, Evelyne T AU - Braun, M Miles AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 3151 EP - 3158 VL - 46 IS - 12 SN - 0004-3591, 0004-3591 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Antirheumatic Agents KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor KW - Infliximab KW - B72HH48FLU KW - Etanercept KW - OP401G7OJC KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Arthritis, Rheumatoid -- drug therapy KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Crohn Disease -- drug therapy KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin -- chemically induced KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor -- administration & dosage KW - Adult KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing KW - Middle Aged KW - Female KW - Male KW - Immunoglobulin G -- administration & dosage KW - Lymphoproliferative Disorders -- chemically induced KW - Immunoglobulin G -- adverse effects KW - Antirheumatic Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Antirheumatic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- adverse effects KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72765648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arthritis+and+rheumatism&rft.atitle=Tumor+necrosis+factor+antagonist+therapy+and+lymphoma+development%3A+twenty-six+cases+reported+to+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration.&rft.au=Brown%2C+S+Lori%3BGreene%2C+Mark+H%3BGershon%2C+Sharon+K%3BEdwards%2C+Evelyne+T%3BBraun%2C+M+Miles&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Arthritis+and+rheumatism&rft.issn=00043591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Aug;48(8):2389 [12905496] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute toxicity of carbonyl iron and sodium iron EDTA compared with ferrous sulfate in young rats. AN - 72756093; 12473412 AB - According to the American Association of Poison Control Centers, exposures to excessive doses of iron supplements still occur in children less than 6 years of age. Since 1998, there has been one death among U.S. children in this age group. Exposures, including adverse events, to iron supplements and iron-containing vitamins for the years 1999 and 2000 were 23,215 and 24,249, respectively. To reduce the potential seriousness of such exposures, carbonyl iron (Fe(0)) has been suggested as a possible replacement for ferrous sulfate (FeSO(4)). Carbonyl Fe is a unique form of elemental iron because of its small particle size. It is highly bioavailable when used to correct iron deficiency anemia. There is also current interest in using sodium iron(III) ethylenediaminetetraacetate (NaFeEDTA) for food fortification. In this study both NaFeEDTA and carbonyl Fe were compared with FeSO(4), the most common form of iron for dietary supplements, to obtain information relevant to the acute toxicological profile in young rats. With FeSO(4) and NaFeEDTA, total liver nonheme iron increased with increasing dose, but the response was approximately 50% lower with NaFeEDTA compared with FeSO(4). Serum iron peaked at approximately 0.5 to 1 h for both FeSO(4) and carbonyl Fe, while NaFeEDTA was elevated up to 4 h. FeSO(4) had an LD(50) of 1.1 g Fe/kg and was approximately 45 times more toxic than carbonyl Fe, which had an LD(50) greater then 50 g Fe/kg. NaFeEDTA had an LD(50) of 1.3 g Fe/kg and, when compared with FeSO(4), had approximately the same level of toxicity. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Whittaker, P AU - Ali, S F AU - Imam, S Z AU - Dunkel, V C AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland 20740-3835, USA. paul.whittaker@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 280 EP - 286 VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic KW - 0 KW - Delayed-Action Preparations KW - Ferric Compounds KW - Ferrous Compounds KW - Iron Chelating Agents KW - Organometallic Compounds KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Iron Carbonyl Compounds KW - 13463-40-6 KW - ferrous sulfate KW - 39R4TAN1VT KW - Edetic Acid KW - 9G34HU7RV0 KW - Fe(III)-EDTA KW - KJ3C78Y22Z KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Dietary Supplements -- poisoning KW - Chemistry, Pharmaceutical KW - Humans KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Male KW - Organometallic Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - Ferrous Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - Ferric Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic -- toxicity KW - Ferrous Compounds -- toxicity KW - Ferric Compounds -- toxicity KW - Edetic Acid -- pharmacokinetics KW - Iron Chelating Agents -- toxicity KW - Organometallic Compounds -- toxicity KW - Iron Chelating Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Edetic Acid -- toxicity KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72756093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Acute+toxicity+of+carbonyl+iron+and+sodium+iron+EDTA+compared+with+ferrous+sulfate+in+young+rats.&rft.au=Whittaker%2C+P%3BAli%2C+S+F%3BImam%2C+S+Z%3BDunkel%2C+V+C&rft.aulast=Whittaker&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=280&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Moving from research to practice just in time: the treatment of cannabis use disorders comes of age. AN - 72730148; 12460124 AB - This supplement issue on the treatment of marijuana use disorders describes two large multi-site field experiments: the Cannabis Youth Treatment (CYT) study with adolescents and the Marijuana Treatment Project (MTP) with adults. The papers cover multiple aspects of the treatment of cannabis users, including the rationale for studying cannabis use disorders, descriptions of the CYT and MTP studies,characteristics of adolescents and adults presenting for treatment of cannabis use disorders, court diversion issues, economic evaluation and confirmation of self-reported cannabis use, among other topics. This Introduction provides background information and an overview of the papers from the perspective of the funding agency. JF - Addiction (Abingdon, England) AU - Clark, H Westley AU - MacNeill Horton, Arthur AU - Dennis, Michael AU - Babor, Thomas F AD - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1 EP - 3 VL - 97 Suppl 1 SN - 0965-2140, 0965-2140 KW - Index Medicus KW - Multicenter Studies as Topic KW - Humans KW - Health Services Research -- trends KW - Marijuana Abuse -- therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72730148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Addiction+%28Abingdon%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Moving+from+research+to+practice+just+in+time%3A+the+treatment+of+cannabis+use+disorders+comes+of+age.&rft.au=Clark%2C+H+Westley%3BMacNeill+Horton%2C+Arthur%3BDennis%2C+Michael%3BBabor%2C+Thomas+F&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=97+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Addiction+%28Abingdon%2C+England%29&rft.issn=09652140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-03 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational injury prevention research: progress and priorities. AN - 72728703; 12460949 AB - The twentieth century witnessed remarkable reductions in the number and rate of occupational fatalities and injuries. However, many preventable injuries and deaths still occur. Barriers to progress in occupational injury prevention are discussed, along with strategies for overcoming them. In mining, the frequency of death has dramatically declined over the century. The latest figures from the BLS indicate that less than 6000 worker deaths from injury occurred in 2000. Catastrophic events have prompted increased attention, resources, and action on workplace hazards and risks, resulting in sweeping changes, including new protective laws. Science based approaches to prevention have contributed to progress. Multidisciplinary collaboration among injury prevention researchers, and collaboration and cooperation among multiple sectors, have improved the relevance and application of injury prevention research and development. Barriers to further progress include lack of evaluation of the effectiveness of prevention strategies and technologies, including cost effectiveness; lack of widespread implementation of known, effective prevention; and lack of efficient transfer and implementation of prevention knowledge and products to the workplace. Evaluation and implementation of prevention efforts are most successfully achieved in partnership between researchers and the industry at risk, which requires outreach efforts on the part of the occupational research community. JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Stout, N A AU - Linn, H I AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. nas5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - IV9 EP - I14 VL - 8 Suppl 4 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Survival Rate KW - Humans KW - Mortality -- trends KW - Forecasting KW - Research KW - Health Policy KW - Accident Prevention KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72728703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Occupational+injury+prevention+research%3A+progress+and+priorities.&rft.au=Stout%2C+N+A%3BLinn%2C+H+I&rft.aulast=Stout&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=8+Suppl+4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=IV9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of a novel class glutathione S-transferase from the fungus Cunninghamella elegans. AN - 72701874; 12196209 AB - The structural gene for glutathione S-transferase (CeGST1-1) in the fungus Cunninghamella elegans was cloned by screening a cDNA library using a degenerate oligonucleotide probe based on the N-terminal sequence of the purified protein. Open reading frame analysis indicated that the cegst1 gene encodes a protein of 210 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence showed 25% sequence identity with the sequence of the Pi-class GST from Danio rerio (zebrafish). Similarity was also shown with the Alpha-class GST from Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke; 23% identity), the Mu class from Mus musculus (22%) and the Sigma class from Ommastrephes sloani (squid; 21%). Further screening of a cDNA library with the cegst1 gene probe revealed the presence of another GST isoenzyme (CeGST2-2) in this fungus, which shows 84% sequence identity with CeGST1-1 at the amino acid level. Reverse transcription PCR revealed that cegst2 was also expressed at the mRNA level in the fungus C. elegans. Both cegst genes were overexpressed in Escherichia coli using the expression vector pQE51, displaying specific activities with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene of 2.04 and 0.75 micromol/min per mg of protein respectively. Both enzymes exhibited a similar substrate specificity and inhibition profile, indicating that CeGST1-1 and CeGST2-2 belong to the same GST class. Mutagenesis analysis revealed that Tyr(10) in the N-terminal region is essential for catalysis of CeGST1-1. We propose from these results that the CeGSTs are novel Gamma-class GSTs and designated as GSTG1-1 and GSTG2-2 respectively. JF - The Biochemical journal AU - Cha, Chang-Jun AU - Kim, Seong-Jae AU - Kim, Yong-Hak AU - Stingley, Robin AU - Cerniglia, Carl E AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, U.S.A. Y1 - 2002/12/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 01 SP - 589 EP - 595 VL - 368 SN - 0264-6021, 0264-6021 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Fungal Proteins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Dinitrochlorobenzene KW - GE3IBT7BMN KW - Index Medicus KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal KW - Animals KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Recombinant Proteins -- genetics KW - Caenorhabditis elegans -- genetics KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Recombinant Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Dinitrochlorobenzene -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Substrate Specificity KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Glutathione Transferase -- classification KW - Fungal Proteins -- metabolism KW - Glutathione Transferase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Cunninghamella -- enzymology KW - Cunninghamella -- genetics KW - Glutathione Transferase -- genetics KW - Fungal Proteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72701874?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Biochemical+journal&rft.atitle=Molecular+cloning%2C+expression+and+characterization+of+a+novel+class+glutathione+S-transferase+from+the+fungus+Cunninghamella+elegans.&rft.au=Cha%2C+Chang-Jun%3BKim%2C+Seong-Jae%3BKim%2C+Yong-Hak%3BStingley%2C+Robin%3BCerniglia%2C+Carl+E&rft.aulast=Cha&rft.aufirst=Chang-Jun&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=368&rft.issue=&rft.spage=589&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Biochemical+journal&rft.issn=02646021&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AY053501; GENBANK; AY053502 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Bacteriol. 1997 Mar;179(5):1431-41 [9045797] Biochem J. 2001 Nov 15;360(Pt 1):1-16 [11695986] Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54 [942051] Methods Enzymol. 1981;77:398-405 [7329316] Biochem J. 1982 Jul 1;205(1):117-22 [6812568] J Bacteriol. 1985 May;162(2):676-81 [3988708] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Nov;82(21):7202-6 [3864155] Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1988;54(4):367-75 [3178190] Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1988 Oct;32(10):1552-6 [3056239] J Bacteriol. 1989 Feb;171(2):1173-7 [2914866] J Bacteriol. 1989 Nov;171(11):6039-42 [2553668] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1991 Jun 13;1089(2):276-9 [2054388] FEBS Lett. 1991 Nov 18;293(1-2):153-5 [1959650] J Biol Chem. 1992 Mar 5;267(7):4296-9 [1537822] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Apr 15;184(1):194-7 [1567427] Biochem J. 1992 Nov 1;287 ( Pt 3):957-63 [1445253] Comp Biochem Physiol B. 1993 Jan;104(1):1-6 [8448982] Comp Biochem Physiol B. 1993 Jan;104(1):7-13 [8448996] Eur J Biochem. 1994 Mar 15;220(3):645-61 [8143720] J Biol Chem. 1994 Dec 23;269(51):32536-41 [7798255] Adv Enzymol Relat Areas Mol Biol. 1994;69:1-44 [7817866] Biochemistry. 1995 Apr 25;34(16):5317-28 [7727393] EMBO J. 1995 May 15;14(10):2133-43 [7774571] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1996 May 1;138(2-3):221-6 [9026450] Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 1995;30(6):445-600 [8770536] Biochem J. 1996 Nov 1;319 ( Pt 3):749-54 [8920976] J Biol Chem. 1997 Feb 28;272(9):5464-8 [9038148] Biochem J. 1997 May 15;324 ( Pt 1):97-102 [9164846] Biochem J. 1997 May 15;324 ( Pt 1):243-8 [9164863] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997 Aug;63(8):3286-90 [9251217] Nucleic Acids Res. 1997 Sep 1;25(17):3389-402 [9254694] Biochem J. 1997 Dec 15;328 ( Pt 3):929-35 [9396740] J Biol Chem. 1998 Nov 6;273(45):29915-22 [9792709] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1998 Dec 15;169(2):397-402 [9868787] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1999 Jan 1;170(1):13-7 [9919647] Curr Med Chem. 1999 May;6(5):359-74 [10101217] Toxicol Sci. 1999 Jun;49(2):156-64 [10416260] J Biol Chem. 2000 Aug 11;275(32):24798-806 [10783391] Biochim Biophys Acta. 2001 Aug 30;1520(2):179-85 [11513961] Biochem J. 2001 Oct 15;359(Pt 2):295-304 [11583575] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2001 Sep 25;203(2):257-61 [11583857] Chem Biol Interact. 2001 Oct 25;138(1):27-42 [11640913] Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5 [5432063] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of follow-up time on risk estimates: a longitudinal examination of the relative risks of leukemia and multiple myeloma in a rubber hydrochloride cohort. AN - 72693475; 12439871 AB - Choice of follow-up time for an occupational cohort can influence risk estimates. We examined the effects of follow-up time on relative risk estimates for leukemia and multiple myeloma in a cohort of 1,845 rubber hydrochloride workers. We generated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for yearly follow-ups, beginning each study in 1940 and increasing study end dates from 1950 through 1996. We used Cox proportional hazards modeling to explore the effects of follow-up time on the exposure-response relationship. The SMR for leukemia rose to 13.55 in 1961 and fell nearly monotonically to 2.47 by 1996. Cox modeling suggested interaction between cumulative exposure and time since exposure. A longer time to peak risk was seen for multiple myeloma. Because summary risk estimates change with follow-up time, exposure limits set using these estimates may not adequately protect workers. Consideration of appropriate follow-up time and use of more complex temporal models are critical to the risk assessment process. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Silver, S R AU - Rinsky, R A AU - Cooper, S P AU - Hornung, R W AU - Lai, D AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS R-44, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. ZRE4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 481 EP - 489 VL - 42 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Rubber KW - 9006-04-6 KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Index Medicus KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Risk Assessment KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Multiple Myeloma -- chemically induced KW - Leukemia -- chemically induced KW - Leukemia -- mortality KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Multiple Myeloma -- mortality KW - Benzene -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72693475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Effect+of+follow-up+time+on+risk+estimates%3A+a+longitudinal+examination+of+the+relative+risks+of+leukemia+and+multiple+myeloma+in+a+rubber+hydrochloride+cohort.&rft.au=Silver%2C+S+R%3BRinsky%2C+R+A%3BCooper%2C+S+P%3BHornung%2C+R+W%3BLai%2C+D&rft.aulast=Silver&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Am J Ind Med. 2004 Feb;45(2):222-3; author reply 224-5 [14748054] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of cytochrome P450 probe substrates commonly used by the pharmaceutical industry to study in vitro drug interactions. AN - 72687372; 12433797 AB - Pharmaceutical industry investigators routinely evaluate the potential for a new drug to modify cytochrome p450 (p450) activities by determining the effect of the drug on in vitro probe reactions that represent activity of specific p450 enzymes. The in vitro findings obtained with one probe substrate are usually extrapolated to the compound's potential to affect all substrates of the same enzyme. Due to this practice, it is important to use the right probe substrate and to conduct the experiment under optimal conditions. Surveys conducted by reviewers in CDER indicated that the most common in vitro probe reactions used by industry investigators include the following: phenacetin O-deethylation for CYP1A2, coumarin 7-hydroxylation for CYP2A6, 7-ethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl coumarin O-dealkylation for CYP2B6, tolbutamide 4'-hydroxylation for CYP2C9, S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylation for CYP2C19, bufuralol 1'-hydroxylation for CYP2D6, chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation for CYP2E1, and testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylation for CYP3A4. We reviewed the validation information in the literature on these reactions and other frequently used reactions, including caffeine N3-demethylation for CYP1A2, S-mephenytoin N-demethylation for CYP2B6, S-warfarin 7'-hydroxylation for CYP2C9, dextromethorphan O-demethylation for CYP2D6, and midazolam 1'-hydroxylation for CYP3A4. The available information indicates that we need to continue the search for better probe substrates for some enzymes. For CYP3A4-based drug interactions it may be necessary to evaluate two or more probe substrates. In many cases, the probe reaction represents a particular enzyme activity only under specific experimental conditions. Investigators must consider appropriateness of probe substrates and experimental conditions when conducting in vitro drug interaction studies and when extrapolating the results to in vivo situations. JF - Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals AU - Yuan, Rae AU - Madani, Soraya AU - Wei, Xiao-Xiong AU - Reynolds, Kellie AU - Huang, Shiew-Mei AD - Office of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland. rae.yuan@roche.com Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1311 EP - 1319 VL - 30 IS - 12 SN - 0090-9556, 0090-9556 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Humans KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical -- methods KW - Substrate Specificity -- physiology KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Molecular Probe Techniques KW - Drug Industry -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72687372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+and+disposition%3A+the+biological+fate+of+chemicals&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+cytochrome+P450+probe+substrates+commonly+used+by+the+pharmaceutical+industry+to+study+in+vitro+drug+interactions.&rft.au=Yuan%2C+Rae%3BMadani%2C+Soraya%3BWei%2C+Xiao-Xiong%3BReynolds%2C+Kellie%3BHuang%2C+Shiew-Mei&rft.aulast=Yuan&rft.aufirst=Rae&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+and+disposition%3A+the+biological+fate+of+chemicals&rft.issn=00909556&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-13 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Benzene exposure and hematopoietic mortality: A long-term epidemiologic risk assessment. AN - 72681415; 12439870 AB - Previous studies of a cohort of rubber hydrochloride workers indicated an association between benzene exposure and excess mortality from leukemia and multiple myeloma. To determine whether risks remain elevated with increasing time since plant shutdown, we extended follow-up from 1981 through 1996. We evaluated risk using standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and generalized Cox proportional hazards regression models. Five new leukemia cases were observed in benzene-exposed white males, but the summary SMR for this group declined from 3.37 (95% CI = 1.54-6.41) to 2.56 (95% CI = 1.43-4.22). In regression models, cumulative exposure was significantly associated with elevated relative risks for leukemia mortality. Four new multiple myeloma deaths occurred, three of which were in workers judged to be unexposed. These findings reaffirm the leukemogenic effects of benzene exposure and suggest that excess risk diminishes with time. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Rinsky, R A AU - Hornung, R W AU - Silver, S R AU - Tseng, C Y AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 474 EP - 480 VL - 42 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Index Medicus KW - Life Tables KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Male KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Multiple Myeloma -- chemically induced KW - Leukemia -- chemically induced KW - Leukemia -- mortality KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Multiple Myeloma -- mortality KW - Benzene -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72681415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Benzene+exposure+and+hematopoietic+mortality%3A+A+long-term+epidemiologic+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Rinsky%2C+R+A%3BHornung%2C+R+W%3BSilver%2C+S+R%3BTseng%2C+C+Y&rft.aulast=Rinsky&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=474&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Substance Use by Older Adults: Estimates of Future Impact on the Treatment System. AN - 62224705; ED473427 AB - This report provides evidence concerning the projected demand for substance abuse treatment services for older Americans over the next 20 to 30 years and suggests approaches for refining these projections. A work group of Federal agency representatives and university researchers was established by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies, to examine and assess the ability of available data to provide sufficient information to guide planning to address the possible doubling of the number of those older adults requiring substance abuse treatment services. The work group identified and reviewed available information, gaps in data, assumptions concerning data collection and analysis, important variables, and estimation methods and models. This report includes original analyses of a wide variety of data sources undertaken by an invited panel of experts. The chapters in this report review the issues in anticipation of the substance abuse treatment needs of the future elderly. The report highlights uses of available data and provides examples of analyses and methodological issues required to refine forecasts of the demand for substance abuse treatment services emerging over the next several decades. The final chapter discusses the implications and suggests approaches to extending our knowledge in the area. (Contains 209 references and 29 tables.) (GCP) AU - Korper, Samuel P. AU - Council, Carol L. Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 178 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345. Tel: 301-468-2600; Tel: 800-729-6686 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-487-4889 (TDD). For full text: http://www.samhsa.gov. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Counselors KW - Practitioners KW - Researchers KW - Older Adults KW - Substance Abuse KW - Long Range Planning KW - Data Collection KW - Drug Rehabilitation KW - Trend Analysis KW - Futures (of Society) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62224705?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Emergency Department Trends from the Drug Abuse Warning Network, Preliminary Estimates January-June 2002. Drug Abuse Warning Network Series. AN - 62223520; ED473747 AB - This publication presents estimates of drug-related emergency department (ED) episodes from the Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) from 1994 through the first half of 2001. DAWN is an ongoing, national data system that collects information on drug-related visits to EDs from a national probability sample of hospitals. This publication marks a major change in the presentation of DAWN findings from ED data. The new title introduces a new design with major changes in format and content. These changes were designed to provide more detailed information, information about a larger number of drugs (both illicit and licit), more consistent information, and more information pertaining to the 21 metropolitan areas oversampled in DAWN. This publication has dual purposes: first, to release preliminary estimates for the first half of 2001, and second, to present revised full-year trends from 1994 to 2000 using the new format for the first time. This publication contains the following estimates of drug-related ED episodes and specific drug mentions: preliminary estimates for January-June 2001, with revised half-year estimates from July 1996 through December 2000 for comparison; and final, revised estimates for the full years 1994 through 2000. (Contains 306 tables.) (GCP) Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 563 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345; Tel: 301-468-2600; Tel: 800-729-6686 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-487-4889 (TDD) (Toll Free). For full text: http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/dawn/TrndED/2001/Text/TrndEDtxt.PDF. KW - Emergency Medical Services KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Researchers KW - Probability KW - Incidence KW - Data Collection KW - Trend Analysis KW - Hospitals KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62223520?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - 10th report on carcinogens T2 - EHP (Environmental Health Perspectives) Online AN - 59848854; 2003-0401400 AB - Profiles substances known to be human carcinogens and those reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens; includes glossary; US. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, December 2002. Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - United States -- Environmental conditions KW - Hazardous materials -- Research KW - Environmental health -- Research KW - Cancer -- Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59848854?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=10th+report+on+carcinogens&rft.title=10th+report+on+carcinogens&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/roc/toc10.html LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s) N1 - SuppNotes - 10th ed. N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gene induction studies and toxicity of chemical mixtures. AN - 21263761; 11704149 AB - As part of its mixtures program, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) supports in vitro and limited in vivo toxicity testing to further our understanding of the toxicity and health effects of chemical mixtures. There are increasing concerns that environmental chemicals adversely affect the health of humans and wildlife. These concerns have been augmented by the realization that exposure to chemicals often occurs to mixtures of these chemicals that may exhibit complex synergistic or antagonistic interactions. To address such concerns, we have conducted two studies with techniques that are being used increasingly in experimental toxicology. In the first study, six organochlorine pesticides (4,4 -DDT, 4,4 -DDD, 4,4 -DDE, aldrin, dieldrin, or endrin) were selected from the ATSDR Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (or Superfund) priority list and tested for their ability to modulate transcriptional activation of an estrogen-responsive reporter gene in transfected HeLa cells. In these assays, HeLa cells cotransfected with an expression vector encoding estrogen receptor and an estrogen-responsive chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter plasmid were dosed with and without selected environmental chemicals either individually or in defined combinations. Estradiol consistently elicited 10- to 23-fold dose-dependent inductions in this assay. By contrast, all six of the organochlorine pesticides showed no detectable dose-related response when tested either individually or in binary combinations. Thus, these chemicals as binary mixtures do not exhibit any additional estrogenicity at the levels tested in these assays. In the second study, arsenic [As(V)], cadmium [Cd(II)], chromium [Cr(III, VI)], and lead [Pb(II)] were tested in a commercially developed assay system, CAT-Tox (L), to identify metal-responsive promoters and to determine whether the pattern of gene expression changed with a mixture of these metals. This assay employs a battery of recombinant HepG2 cell lines to test the transcriptional activation capacity of xenobiotics in any of 13 different signal-transduction pathways. Singly, As(V), Cd(II), Cr(III, VI), and Pb(II) produced complex induction profiles in these assays. However, no evidence of synergistic activity was detected with a mixture of Cd(II), Cr(III), and Pb(II). These results have shown metal activation of gene expression through several previously unreported signal-transduction pathways and thus suggest new directions for future studies into their biochemical mechanisms of toxicity. In conclusion, the (italic)in vitro(/italic) methods used in these studies provide insights into complex interactions that occur in cellular systems and could be used to identify biomarkers of exposure to other environmental chemical mixtures. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Mumtaz, M M AU - Tully, D B AU - El-Masri, H A AU - De Rosa, C T AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, mgm4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 947 EP - 956 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 110 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Environment Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - Organochlorine pesticides KW - Toxic substances KW - Heavy metals KW - Aldrin KW - Xenobiotics KW - Lead KW - Gene expression KW - Expression vectors KW - Promoters KW - Chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase KW - Insecticides KW - Cadmium KW - Metals KW - Arsenic KW - Chromium KW - Dieldrin KW - Wildlife KW - Pesticides (organochlorine) KW - Toxicity KW - Plasmids KW - biomarkers KW - Estradiol KW - Reporter gene KW - Endrin KW - Estrogen receptors KW - Toxicity testing KW - Transcription activation KW - estrogens KW - Signal transduction KW - A 01380:Plant Protection, Fungicides & Seed Treatments KW - G 07710:Chemical Mutagenesis & Radiation KW - G 07730:Development & Cell Cycle KW - X 24330:Agrochemicals KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21263761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Gene+induction+studies+and+toxicity+of+chemical+mixtures.&rft.au=Mumtaz%2C+M+M%3BTully%2C+D+B%3BEl-Masri%2C+H+A%3BDe+Rosa%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Mumtaz&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=947&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arsenic; Chromium; Heavy metals; Wildlife; Dieldrin; Aldrin; Pesticides (organochlorine); Xenobiotics; Toxicity; Plasmids; biomarkers; Estradiol; Expression vectors; Gene expression; Promoters; Chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase; Reporter gene; Cadmium; Endrin; Toxicity testing; Estrogen receptors; Transcription activation; Signal transduction; toxicity testing; Metals; Insecticides; Organochlorine pesticides; Toxic substances; Lead; estrogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of antimicrobial resistance on regulatory policies in veterinary medicine: Status report AN - 21246676; 11177471 AB - Increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents is of growing concern to public health officials worldwide. The concern includes infections acquired in hospitals, community infections acquired in outpatient care settings, and resistant foodborne disease associated with drug use in food-producing animals. In the United States, a significant source of antimicrobial-resistant foodborne infections in humans is the acquisition of resistant bacteria originating from animals. The US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) goal in resolving the public health impact arising from the use of antimicrobial drugs in food-producing animals is to ensure that significant human antimicrobial therapies are not compromised or lost while providing for the safe use of antimicrobials in food animals. The FDA's approach to the problem is multipronged and innovative. The strategy includes revision of the pre-approval safety assessment for new animal drug applications, use of risk assessment to determine the human health effect resulting from the use of antimicrobials in food animals, robust monitoring for changes in susceptibilities among foodborne pathogens to drugs that are important both in human and veterinary medicine, research, and risk management. JF - AAPS Journal AU - Tollefson, Linda AU - Flynn, William T AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration, 20855 Rockville, MD, Itollefs@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 150 EP - 159 PB - American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 1550-7416, 1550-7416 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Drug resistance KW - Pathogens KW - Drug abuse KW - Infection KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Public health KW - USA KW - Veterinary medicine KW - Food sources KW - infection KW - FDA KW - innovations KW - Drugs KW - antimicrobial agents KW - Hospitals KW - A 01340:Antibiotics & Antimicrobials KW - J 02400:Human Diseases KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21246676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AAPS+Journal&rft.atitle=Impact+of+antimicrobial+resistance+on+regulatory+policies+in+veterinary+medicine%3A+Status+report&rft.au=Tollefson%2C+Linda%3BFlynn%2C+William+T&rft.aulast=Tollefson&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=150&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AAPS+Journal&rft.issn=15507416&rft_id=info:doi/10.1208%2Fps040437 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Veterinary medicine; Drug resistance; Food sources; Pathogens; Infection; Hospitals; Public health; Antimicrobial agents; FDA; infection; innovations; Drug abuse; Drugs; antimicrobial agents; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/ps040437 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of streptogramin resistance genes among Enterococcus isolates recovered from retail meats in the Greater Washington DC area AN - 18892036; 5762977 AB - The prevalence of streptogramin resistance genes in enterococci recovered from retail poultry in the Greater Washington DC area was examined. Forty-three chicken and 32 turkey retail samples were analysed. Thirty-one non-Enterococcus faecalis enterococcal strains were isolated that displayed MICs of quinupristin-dalfopristin and virginiamycin of greater than or equal to 4 mg/L. These included Enterococcus faecium (turkey n = 4, chicken n = 23), Enterococcus gallinarum (turkey n = 2, chicken n = 1) and Enterococcus hirae (chicken n = 1). The presence of streptogramin resistance genes was examined by PCR in all non-E. faecalis isolates. The vat(E) gene was detected in 10/23 chicken E. faecium and from 2/4 turkey E. faecium. No other streptogramin resistance genes were detected by PCR. In addition, erm(B) was detected in all the E. faecium and E. gallinarum found in turkeys and in 7/23 E. faecium found in chickens. The vat(E) gene was transferable by conjugation from only two of the 12 E. faecium isolates (one from chicken and one from turkey). This study suggests that there is a high prevalence of low-level streptogramin resistance among enterococci found in retail poultry and that other, yet to be identified, mechanisms operate in these isolates that confer streptogramin resistance in enterococci. JF - Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy AU - Simjee, S AU - White, D G AU - Meng, J AU - Wagner, D D AU - Qaiyumi, S AU - Zhao, S AU - Hayes, J R AU - McDermott, P F AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA, ssimjee@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 877 EP - 882 VL - 50 IS - 6 SN - 0305-7453, 0305-7453 KW - dalfopristin KW - vat gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptogramins KW - Genetic analysis KW - Enterococcus faecalis KW - Virginiamycin KW - quinupristin KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Food-borne diseases KW - Enterococcus faecium KW - Enterococcus hirae KW - Enterococcus KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18892036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+streptogramin+resistance+genes+among+Enterococcus+isolates+recovered+from+retail+meats+in+the+Greater+Washington+DC+area&rft.au=Simjee%2C+S%3BWhite%2C+D+G%3BMeng%2C+J%3BWagner%2C+D+D%3BQaiyumi%2C+S%3BZhao%2C+S%3BHayes%2C+J+R%3BMcDermott%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Simjee&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=877&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=03057453&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptogramins; Genetic analysis; Virginiamycin; Polymerase chain reaction; quinupristin; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Food-borne diseases; Antibiotic resistance; Enterococcus hirae; Enterococcus; Enterococcus faecalis; Enterococcus faecium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A derived association between ambient aerosol surface area and excess mortality using historic time series data AN - 18660527; 5551078 AB - Although aerosol mass concentration is widely associated with ill health following inhalation; there is increasing evidence that it is a poor indicator of fine and ultrafine particle toxicity. Research has indicated that biological response to such particles is closely associated with particulate surface area; although no epidemiology data currently exist to validate the association. By applying a simple model to historic mass-based time series data, we have been able to estimate mortality rate as a function of ambient aerosol surface area. Within the simplifying assumptions of the model, a linear association is indicated between mortality rate and surface area concentration for coalescing particles. The analysis also indicates the existence of a threshold aerosol concentration, below which particulate mass and surface area are linearly related. Below this threshold, we suggest that mass concentration measurements may provide a good indicator of health effects, although for high exposures found in the developing world and industry, the model indicates that aerosol exposure may be more appropriately characterized by surface area. Further experimental validation of the model should establish the applicability of derived relationships between aerosol mass and surface area concentration to ambient and occupational exposures. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Maynard, AD AU - Maynard, R L AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, zel5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 5561 EP - 5567 VL - 36 IS - 36-37 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18660527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=A+derived+association+between+ambient+aerosol+surface+area+and+excess+mortality+using+historic+time+series+data&rft.au=Maynard%2C+AD%3BMaynard%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Maynard&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=36-37&rft.spage=5561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Necrosis of Nasal and Airway Epithelium in Rats Inhaling Vapors of Artificial Butter Flavoring AN - 18624249; 5539423 AB - As the result of a high prevalence of fixed airways obstruction in workers at a microwave popcorn manufacturing plant, we examined the hypothesis that vapors of butter flavoring used in the manufacture of microwave popcorn and other foods can produce airway injury in rats. Rats were exposed to vapors liberated from heated butter flavoring. Rats were exposed for 6 h by inhalation and were necropsied 1 day after exposure. The exposure was found by GC-MS analysis to be a complex mixture of various organic gases with the major peaks consisting of diacetyl (2,3-butanedione), acetic acid, acetoin (3-hydroxy-2-butanone), butyric acid, acetoin dimers, 2-nonanone, and delta -alkyl lactones. Diacetyl was used as a marker of exposure concentration. In the lung, butter flavoring vapors containing 285-371 ppm diacetyl caused multifocal, necrotizing bronchitis, which was most consistently present in the mainstem bronchus. Alveoli were unaffected. Butter flavoring vapors containing 203-371 ppm diacetyl caused necrosuppurative rhinitis, which affected all four levels of the nose. Within the posterior two nasal levels (T3 and T4), necrosis and inflammation was principally localized to the nasopharyngeal duct. Control rats were unaffected. Therefore, concentrations of butter flavoring vapors that can occur during the manufacture of foods are associated with epithelial injury in the nasal passages and pulmonary airways of rats. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Hubbs, A F AU - Battelli, LA AU - Goldsmith, W T AU - Porter, D W AU - Frazer, D AU - Friend, S AU - Schwegler-Berry, D AU - Mercer, R R AU - Reynolds, J S AU - Grote, A AU - Castranova, V AU - Kullman, G AU - Fedan, J S AU - Dowdy, J AU - Jones, W G AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26505 Y1 - 2002/12/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 01 SP - 128 EP - 135 PB - Academic Press VL - 185 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - artificial butter flavoring KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18624249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Necrosis+of+Nasal+and+Airway+Epithelium+in+Rats+Inhaling+Vapors+of+Artificial+Butter+Flavoring&rft.au=Hubbs%2C+A+F%3BBattelli%2C+LA%3BGoldsmith%2C+W+T%3BPorter%2C+D+W%3BFrazer%2C+D%3BFriend%2C+S%3BSchwegler-Berry%2C+D%3BMercer%2C+R+R%3BReynolds%2C+J+S%3BGrote%2C+A%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BKullman%2C+G%3BFedan%2C+J+S%3BDowdy%2C+J%3BJones%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Hubbs&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=185&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=128&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ftaap.2002.9525 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/taap.2002.9525 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Listeria Species by Microarray-Based Assay AN - 18620828; 5512733 AB - We have developed a rapid microarray-based assay for the reliable detection and discrimination of six species of the Listeria genus: L. monocytogenes, L. ivanovii, L. innocua, L. welshimeri, L. seeligeri, and L. grayi. The approach used in this study involves one-tube multiplex PCR amplification of six target bacterial virulence factor genes (iap, hly, inlB, plcA, plcB, and clpE), synthesis of fluorescently labeled single-stranded DNA, and hybridization to the multiple individual oligonucleotide probes specific for each Listeria species and immobilized on a glass surface. Results of the microarray analysis of 53 reference and clinical isolates of Listeria spp. demonstrated that this method allowed unambiguous identification of all six Listeria species based on sequence differences in the iap gene. Another virulence factor gene, hly, was used for detection and genotyping all L. monocytogenes, all L. ivanovii, and 8 of 11 L. seeligeri isolates. Other members of the genus Listeria and three L. seeligeri isolates did not contain the hly gene. There was complete agreement between the results of genotyping based on the hly and iap gene sequences. All L. monocytogenes isolates were found to be positive for the inlB, plcA, plcB, and clpE virulence genes specific only to this species. Our data on Listeria species analysis demonstrated that this microarray technique is a simple, rapid, and robust genotyping method that is also a potentially valuable tool for identification and characterization of bacterial pathogens in general. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Volokhov, D AU - Rasooly, A AU - Chumakov, K AU - Chizhikov, V AD - Laboratory of Method Development, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, HFM-470, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852, chizhikov@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 4720 EP - 4728 VL - 40 IS - 12 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - hly gene KW - iap gene KW - inlB gene KW - plcA gene KW - plcB gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18620828?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Listeria+Species+by+Microarray-Based+Assay&rft.au=Volokhov%2C+D%3BRasooly%2C+A%3BChumakov%2C+K%3BChizhikov%2C+V&rft.aulast=Volokhov&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4720&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.12.4720-4728.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.12.4720-4728.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Tn1546 in Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Isolated from Canine Urinary Tract Infections: Evidence of Gene Exchange between Human and Animal Enterococci AN - 18620768; 5512728 AB - Thirty-five enterococcal isolates were recovered from dogs diagnosed with urinary tract infections at the Michigan State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital over a 2-year period (1996 to 1998). Isolated species included Enterococcus faecium (n = 13), Enterococcus faecalis (n = 7), Enterococcus gallinarum (n = 11), and Enterococcus casseliflavus (n = 4). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed several different resistance phenotypes, with the majority of the enterococcal isolates exhibiting resistance to three or more antibiotics. One E. faecium isolate, CVM1869, displayed high-level resistance to vancomycin (MIC > 32 mu g/ml) and gentamicin (MIC > 2,048 mu g/ml). Molecular analysis of this isolate revealed the presence of Tn1546 (vanA), responsible for high-level vancomycin resistance, and Tn5281 carrying aac6'-aph2", conferring high-level aminoglycoside resistance. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that CVM1869 was a canine E. faecium clone that had acquired Tn1546, perhaps from a human vancomycin-resistant E. faecium. Transposons Tn5281 and Tn1546 were located on two different conjugative plasmids. Sequence analysis revealed that in Tn1546, ORF1 had an 889-bp deletion and an IS1216V insertion at the 5' end and an IS1251 insertion between vanS and vanH. To date, this particular form of Tn1546 has only been described in human clinical vancomycin-resistant enterococcus isolates unique to the United States. Additionally, this is the first report of a vancomycin-resistant E. faecium isolated from a companion animal in the United States. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Simjee, S AU - White, D G AU - McDermott, P F AU - Wagner, D D AU - Zervos, MJ AU - Donabedian, S M AU - English, L L AU - Hayes, J R AU - Walker, R D AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, ssimjee@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 4659 EP - 4665 VL - 40 IS - 12 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - aac6'-aph2" gene KW - dogs KW - vanA gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18620768?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Tn1546+in+Vancomycin-Resistant+Enterococcus+faecium+Isolated+from+Canine+Urinary+Tract+Infections%3A+Evidence+of+Gene+Exchange+between+Human+and+Animal+Enterococci&rft.au=Simjee%2C+S%3BWhite%2C+D+G%3BMcDermott%2C+P+F%3BWagner%2C+D+D%3BZervos%2C+MJ%3BDonabedian%2C+S+M%3BEnglish%2C+L+L%3BHayes%2C+J+R%3BWalker%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Simjee&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.12.4659-4665.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.12.4659-4665.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of a DtxR-Like Metalloregulatory Protein, MntR, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae That Controls Expression of an ABC Metal Transporter by an Mn super(2+)-Dependent Mechanism AN - 18545636; 5490873 AB - The DtxR protein is a global iron-dependent repressor in Corynebacterium diphtheriae that regulates transcription from multiple promoters. A search of the partially completed C. diphtheriae genome identified a gene, mntR, whose predicted product has significant homology with the DtxR repressor protein. The mntR gene is the terminal gene in a five-gene operon that also carries the mntABCD genes, whose predicted products are homologous to ABC metal transporters. Transcription of this genetic system, as measured by expression of an mntA-lacZ reporter fusion, is strongly repressed by Mn super(2+). The divalent metals Fe super(2+), Cu super(2+), and Zn super(2+) did not repress expression of the mntA-lacZ construct. A mutation in the mntR gene abolished Mn super(2+)-dependent repression of the mntA-lacZ fusion, demonstrating that MntR is essential for the Mn super(2+)-dependent regulation of this promoter. Footprinting experiments showed that MntR protects from DNase I digestion an approximately 73-bp AT-rich region that includes the entire mntA promoter. This large region protected from DNase I suggests that as many as three MntR dimer pairs may bind to this region. Binding studies also revealed that DtxR failed to bind to the MntR binding site and that MntR exhibited weak and diffuse binding at the DtxR binding site at the tox promoter. A C. diphtheriae mntA mutant grew as well as the wild type in a low-Mn super(2+) medium, which suggests that the mntABCD metal transporter is not required for growth in a low-Mn super(2+) medium and that additional Mn super(2+) transport systems may be present in C. diphtheriae. This study reports the characterization of MntR, a Mn super(2+)-dependent repressor, and the second member of the family of DtxR-like metalloregulatory proteins to be identified in C. diphtheriae. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Schmitt, M P AD - DBPAP, CBER, FDA, Bldg. 29, Rm. 108, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, schmitt@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 6882 EP - 6892 VL - 184 IS - 24 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - DtxR protein KW - MntR protein KW - mntABCDR operon KW - mntR gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18545636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+a+DtxR-Like+Metalloregulatory+Protein%2C+MntR%2C+from+Corynebacterium+diphtheriae+That+Controls+Expression+of+an+ABC+Metal+Transporter+by+an+Mn+super%282%2B%29-Dependent+Mechanism&rft.au=Schmitt%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Schmitt&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=184&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=6882&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJB.184.24.6882-6892.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.184.24.6882-6892.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of vat(E) in Enterococcus faecalis Isolates from Retail Poultry and Its Transferability to Enterococcus faecium AN - 18530787; 5490419 AB - Sixteen isolates of Enterococcus faecalis were recovered from retail poultry samples (seven chickens and nine turkeys) purchased from grocery stores in the greater Washington, D.C., area. PCR for known streptogramin resistance genes identified vat(E) in five E. faecalis isolates (three isolates from chickens and two isolates from turkeys). The vat(E) gene was transmissible on a ca. 70-kb plasmid, along with resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, and streptomycin, by conjugation to E. faecalis and Enterococcus faecium recipient strains. DNA sequencing showed little variation between E. faecalis vat(E) genes from the chicken samples; however, one E. faecalis vat(E) gene from a turkey sample possessed 5 nucleotide changes that resulted in four amino acid substitutions. None of these substitutions in the vat(E) allele have previously been described. This is the first report of vat(E) in E. faecalis and its transferability to E. faecium, which indicates that E. faecalis can act as a reservoir for the dissemination of vat(E)-mediated streptogramin resistance to E. faecium. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Simjee, S AU - White, D G AU - Wagner, D D AU - Meng, J AU - Qaiyumi, S AU - Zhao, S AU - McDermott, P F AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine, 8401 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD 20708, ssimjee@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 3823 EP - 3828 VL - 46 IS - 12 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - chickens KW - turkeys KW - vatE gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18530787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Identification+of+vat%28E%29+in+Enterococcus+faecalis+Isolates+from+Retail+Poultry+and+Its+Transferability+to+Enterococcus+faecium&rft.au=Simjee%2C+S%3BWhite%2C+D+G%3BWagner%2C+D+D%3BMeng%2C+J%3BQaiyumi%2C+S%3BZhao%2C+S%3BMcDermott%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Simjee&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3823&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAAC.46.12.3823-3828.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.46.12.3823-3828.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mercury and health. AN - 72727717; 12456847 JF - The New England journal of medicine AU - Bolger, P Michael AU - Schwetz, B A AD - Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA. Y1 - 2002/11/28/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 28 SP - 1735 EP - 1736 VL - 347 IS - 22 KW - Methylmercury Compounds KW - 0 KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mercury -- adverse effects KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Fishes KW - Food Supply -- standards KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Coronary Disease -- etiology KW - Myocardial Infarction -- chemically induced KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- adverse effects KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72727717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.atitle=Mercury+and+health.&rft.au=Bolger%2C+P+Michael%3BSchwetz%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Bolger&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-11-28&rft.volume=347&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=1735&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.issn=1533-4406&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: N Engl J Med. 2003 May 22;348(21):2151-4; author reply 2151-4 [12765162] Comment On: N Engl J Med. 2002 Nov 28;347(22):1747-54 [12456850] N Engl J Med. 2002 Nov 28;347(22):1755-60 [12456851] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - U.S. Public Health Service Task Force recommendations for use of antiretroviral drugs in pregnant HIV-1-infected women for maternal health and interventions to reduce perinatal HIV-1 transmission in the United States. AN - 72776826; 12489844 AB - These recommendations update the February 4,2002, guidelines developed by the Public Health Service for the use of zidovudine (ZDV) to reduce the risk for perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission. This report provides healthcare providers with information for discussion with HIV-1-infected pregnant women to enable such women to make an informed decision regarding the use of antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy and use of elective cesarean delivery to reduce perinatal HIV-1 transmission. Various circumstances that commonly occur in clinical practice are presented, and the factors influencing treatment considerations are highlighted in this report. The Perinatal HIV Guidelines Working Group recognizes that strategies to prevent perinatal transmission and concepts related to management of HIV disease in pregnant women are rapidly evolving and will continually review new data and provide regular updates to the guidelines. The most recent information is available from the HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service (available at http.//www.hivatis.org). In February 1994, the results of Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group (PACTG) Protocol 076 documented that ZDV chemoprophylaxis could reduce perinatal HIV-1 transmission by nearly 70%. Epidemiologic data have since confirmed the efficacy of ZDV for reduction of perinatal transmission and have extended this efficacy to children of women with advanced disease, low CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts, and prior ZDV therapy. Additionally, substantial advances have been made in the understanding of the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection and in the treatment and monitoring of persons with HIV-1 disease. These advances have resulted in changes in standard antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1-infected adults. More aggressive combination drug regimens that maximally suppress viral replication are now recommended. Although considerations associated with pregnancy may affect decisions regarding timing and choice of therapy pregnancy is not a reason to defer standard therapy. Use of antiretroviral drugs in pregnancy requires unique considerations, including the possible need to alter dosage as a result of physiologic changes associated with pregnancy the potential for adverse short- or long-term effects on the fetus and newborn, and the effectiveness of the drugs in reducing the risk for perinatal transmission. Data to address many of these considerations are not yet available. Therefore, offering antiretroviral therapy to HIV-1-infected women during pregnancy, whether primarily for HIV-1 infection, for reduction of perinatal transmission, or for both purposes, should be accompanied by a discussion of the known and unknown short- and long-term benefits and risks of such therapy to infected women and their infants. Standard antiretroviral therapy should be discussed with and offered to HIV-1-infected pregnant women. Additionally, to prevent perinatal transmission, ZDV chemoprophylaxis should be incorporated into the antiretroviral regimen. JF - MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports AU - Mofenson, Lynne M AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Public Health Service Task Force AD - Center for Research for Mothers and Children, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA. ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Public Health Service Task Force Y1 - 2002/11/22/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 22 SP - 1 EP - 38; quiz CE1-4 VL - 51 SN - 1057-5987, 1057-5987 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - DNA, Mitochondrial KW - HIV Protease Inhibitors KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Delivery, Obstetric KW - Labor, Obstetric KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Infant, Newborn KW - HIV Protease Inhibitors -- therapeutic use KW - HIV-1 KW - Pregnancy KW - Viral Load KW - Registries KW - DNA, Mitochondrial -- drug effects KW - Preconception Care KW - Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active -- standards KW - Drug Resistance, Viral KW - Hyperglycemia KW - HIV Protease Inhibitors -- adverse effects KW - Female KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical -- prevention & control KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- therapeutic use KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- drug therapy KW - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72776826?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Recommendations+and+reports+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Recommendations+and+reports&rft.atitle=U.S.+Public+Health+Service+Task+Force+recommendations+for+use+of+antiretroviral+drugs+in+pregnant+HIV-1-infected+women+for+maternal+health+and+interventions+to+reduce+perinatal+HIV-1+transmission+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Mofenson%2C+Lynne+M%3BCenters+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention%2C+U.S.+Public+Health+Service+Task+Force&rft.aulast=Mofenson&rft.aufirst=Lynne&rft.date=2002-11-22&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Recommendations+and+reports+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Recommendations+and+reports&rft.issn=10575987&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-31 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Status report - Establishing quality control ranges for disk diffusion susceptibility testing of aquatic bacterial pathogens AN - 39573503; 3713949 AU - Miller, R Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39573503?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Status+report+-+Establishing+quality+control+ranges+for+disk+diffusion+susceptibility+testing+of+aquatic+bacterial+pathogens&rft.au=Miller%2C+R&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Louisiana State University-School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; phone: 225-578-9900; fax: 225-578-9916; URL: www.vetmed.lsu.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Regulation of islets as a biological product: FDA update AN - 39531066; 3717124 AU - Weber, D Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39531066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Regulation+of+islets+as+a+biological+product%3A+FDA+update&rft.au=Weber%2C+D&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: City of Hope National Medical Center, Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Duarte, CA 91010, 1500 East Duarte Road, USA; URL: levinesymposium.coh.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a binding site for ganglioside on the receptor binding domain of tetanus toxin. AN - 72685073; 12427026 AB - The carboxyl-terminal region of the tetanus toxin heavy chain (H(C) fragment) binds to di- and trisialylgangliosides on neuronal cell membranes. To determine which amino acids in tetanus toxin are involved in ganglioside binding, homology modeling was performed using recently resolved X-ray crystallographic structures of the tetanus toxin H(C) fragment. On the basis of these analyses, two regions in tetanus toxin that are structurally homologous with the binding domains of other sialic acid and galactose-binding proteins were targeted for mutagenesis. Specific amino acids within these regions were altered using site-directed mutagenesis. The amino acid residue tryptophan 1288 was found to be critical for binding of the H(C) fragment to ganglioside GT1b. Docking of GD1b within this region of the toxin suggested that histidine 1270 and aspartate 1221 were within hydrogen bonding distance of the ganglioside. These two residues were mutagenized and found also to be important for the binding of the tetanus toxin H(C) fragment to ganglioside GT1b. In addition, the H(C) fragments mutagenized at these residues have reduced levels of binding to neurites of differentiated PC-12 cells. These studies indicate that the amino acids tryptophan 1288, histidine 1270, and aspartate 1221 are components of the GT1b binding site on the tetanus toxin H(C) fragment. JF - Biochemistry AU - Louch, Heather A AU - Buczko, Ellen S AU - Woody, Mary A AU - Venable, Richard M AU - Vann, Willie F AD - Laboratory of Bacterial Toxins, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Federal Drug Administration, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 SP - 13644 EP - 13652 VL - 41 IS - 46 SN - 0006-2960, 0006-2960 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Gangliosides KW - Ligands KW - Liposomes KW - Peptide Fragments KW - Receptors, Cell Surface KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Tetanus Toxin KW - tetanus toxin fragment C KW - ganglioside, GD1b KW - 19553-76-5 KW - Histidine KW - 4QD397987E KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - PC12 Cells -- cytology KW - Models, Molecular KW - Circular Dichroism KW - Binding Sites KW - Rats KW - Histidine -- chemistry KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Recombinant Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Fluorescent Antibody Technique KW - DNA Primers -- chemistry KW - Receptors, Cell Surface -- metabolism KW - Peptide Fragments -- metabolism KW - Peptide Fragments -- chemistry KW - Peptide Fragments -- genetics KW - Gangliosides -- chemistry KW - Tetanus Toxin -- metabolism KW - Tetanus Toxin -- genetics KW - Tetanus Toxin -- chemistry KW - Gangliosides -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72685073?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+binding+site+for+ganglioside+on+the+receptor+binding+domain+of+tetanus+toxin.&rft.au=Louch%2C+Heather+A%3BBuczko%2C+Ellen+S%3BWoody%2C+Mary+A%3BVenable%2C+Richard+M%3BVann%2C+Willie+F&rft.aulast=Louch&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=46&rft.spage=13644&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemistry&rft.issn=00062960&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Global overview of how the FDA handles the review of phase 1-3 adjuvant trials AN - 39681470; 3708126 AU - Sutkowski, E Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39681470?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Global+overview+of+how+the+FDA+handles+the+review+of+phase+1-3+adjuvant+trials&rft.au=Sutkowski%2C+E&rft.aulast=Sutkowski&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Meetings Management, phone: 44 (0)1483 427770; fax: 44 (0) 1483 428516; email: csumner@meetingsmgmt.u-net.com; URL: www.meetingsmanagement.com/imv_2002/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - CpG motifs as vaccine adjuvants - DNA and conventional AN - 39572246; 3708100 AU - Klinman, D Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39572246?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=CpG+motifs+as+vaccine+adjuvants+-+DNA+and+conventional&rft.au=Klinman%2C+D&rft.aulast=Klinman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Meetings Management, phone: 44 (0)1483 427770; fax: 44 (0) 1483 428516; email: csumner@meetingsmgmt.u-net.com; URL: www.meetingsmanagement.com/imv_2002/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Implementation of the framework document AN - 39556524; 3709724 AU - Tollefson, L R Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39556524?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Implementation+of+the+framework+document&rft.au=Tollefson%2C+L+R&rft.aulast=Tollefson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: National Foundation for Infectious Diseases, 4733 Bethesda Ave., Suite 750, Bethesda, MD 20814-5278, USA; URL: www.nfid.org/conferences/resistance02/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Regulatory and public health perspectives in antimicrobial development AN - 39520017; 3709732 AU - Lumpkin, M M Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39520017?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Regulatory+and+public+health+perspectives+in+antimicrobial+development&rft.au=Lumpkin%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Lumpkin&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: National Foundation for Infectious Diseases, 4733 Bethesda Ave., Suite 750, Bethesda, MD 20814-5278, USA; URL: www.nfid.org/conferences/resistance02/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Metals in the environment: Implications for human health AN - 39487100; 3711541 AU - Goering, P L Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39487100?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Metals+in+the+environment%3A+Implications+for+human+health&rft.au=Goering%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Goering&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: GES-6 Symposium, c/o UH Department of Oceanography, 1000 Pope Road MSB 525, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; fax: 1-808-956-7112; URL: imina.soest.hawaii.edu/oceanography/ges-6/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extensive somatic mitochondrial mutations in primary prostate cancer using laser capture microdissection. AN - 72681215; 12438238 AB - Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among men in the United States,but the precise molecular events leading to prostate carcinogenesis are not well understood. We isolated histologically defined cell populations from prostate cancer and its preinvasive lesions using laser capture microdissection, and performed genetic analysis on the mitochondrial genome, a sensitive cytoplasmic DNA. An extremely high incidence of somatic mutation (90% of prostatectomy cancer specimens) was found in the control region (the displacement loop) of mitochondrial DNA. The massive induction of lesion-associated mutations suggests active mitochondrial mutagenesis in both prostate cancer and its preinvasive lesions. Inspection of these mutations provides new insights into prostate cancer genetics and reveals unique patterns of somatic mutations in prostatic neoplastic lesions. JF - Cancer research AU - Chen, Junjian Z AU - Gokden, Neriman AU - Greene, Graham F AU - Mukunyadzi, Perkins AU - Kadlubar, Fred F AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. jjchen@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/11/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 15 SP - 6470 EP - 6474 VL - 62 IS - 22 SN - 0008-5472, 0008-5472 KW - DNA, Mitochondrial KW - 0 KW - DNA, Neoplasm KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia -- genetics KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Multigene Family KW - Humans KW - DNA, Neoplasm -- genetics KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Lasers KW - Male KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Micromanipulation -- methods KW - Mutation KW - DNA, Mitochondrial -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72681215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+research&rft.atitle=Extensive+somatic+mitochondrial+mutations+in+primary+prostate+cancer+using+laser+capture+microdissection.&rft.au=Chen%2C+Junjian+Z%3BGokden%2C+Neriman%3BGreene%2C+Graham+F%3BMukunyadzi%2C+Perkins%3BKadlubar%2C+Fred+F&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Junjian&rft.date=2002-11-15&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=6470&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+research&rft.issn=00085472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunologic and genetic characterization of lipooligosaccharide variants in a Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C strain AN - 18607687; 5513927 AB - Neisseria meningitidis shows great variation in expression of structurally different lipooligosaccharides (LOS) on its cell surface. To better understand the LOS diversity that may occur within an individual strain, a group C wild-type strain, BB305-Tr4, and two stable isogenic LOS variants, Tr5 and Tr7, were selected for this study. SDS-PAGE analysis showed a size reduction of Tr5 and Tr7 LOS compared to that of Tr4. Immunoblotting showed that parental Tr4 LOS reacted with L1, L2 and L3,7 antibodies, variant Tr5 LOS with L1 and L6 antibodies, while Tr7 LOS was non-typeable. Genetic analysis showed that the gene organization at the lgt-1 locus in the three strains was lgtZ,C,A,B,H4 in Tr4, lgtZ,C,A,H4 in Tr5 and lgtZ,C,A,H9 in Tr7. The genetic differences in the three strains were consistent with their phenotypic changes. Sequence comparison revealed two independent recombination events. The first was the recombination of repeated DNA fragments in the flanking regions to delete lgtB in Tr5. The second was the recombination of a fragment of two genes, lgtB and lgtH4, to create an inactive lgtH9 allele with a mosaic structure in Tr7. These findings suggest that besides phase variation, homologous recombination can contribute to the genetic diversity of the lgt locus and to the generation of LOS variation in N. meningitidis. JF - FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology AU - Zhu, P AU - Tsai, C AU - Frasch, CE AD - Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, zhu@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/11/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 15 SP - 193 EP - 200 PB - Federation of European Microbiological Societies VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0928-8244, 0928-8244 KW - lgtB gene KW - lgtH4 gene KW - lipooligosaccharides KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - F 06008:Bacteria KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18607687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Immunology+and+Medical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Immunologic+and+genetic+characterization+of+lipooligosaccharide+variants+in+a+Neisseria+meningitidis+serogroup+C+strain&rft.au=Zhu%2C+P%3BTsai%2C+C%3BFrasch%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-11-15&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Immunology+and+Medical+Microbiology&rft.issn=09288244&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reactivity of atropaldehyde, a felbamate metabolite in human liver tissue in vitro. AN - 72635376; 12399159 AB - Antiepileptic therapy with a broad spectrum drug felbamate (FBM) has been limited due to reports of hepatotoxicity and aplastic anemia associated with its use. It was proposed that a bioactivation of FBM leading to formation of alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde, atropaldehyde (ATPAL) could be responsible for toxicities associated with the parent drug. Other members of this class of compounds, acrolein and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), are known for their reactivity and toxicity. It has been proposed that the bioactivation of FBM to ATPAL proceeds though a more stable cyclized product, 4-hydroxy-5-phenyltetrahydro-1,3-oxazin-2-one (CCMF) whose formation has been shown recently. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and glutathione transferase (GST) are detoxifying enzymes and targets for reactive aldehydes. This study examined effects of ATPAL and its precursor, CCMF on ALDH, GST and cell viability in liver, the target tissue for its metabolism and toxicity. A known toxin, HNE, which is also a substrate for ALDH and GST, was used for comparison. Interspecies difference in metabolism of FBM is well documented, therefore, human tissue was deemed most relevant and used for these studies. ATPAL inhibited ALDH and GST activities and led to a loss of hepatocyte viability. Several fold greater concentrations of CCMF were necessary to demonstrate a similar degree of ALDH inhibition or cytotoxicity as observed with ATPAL. This is consistent with CCMF requiring prior conversion to the more proximate toxin, ATPAL. GSH was shown to protect against ALDH inhibition by ATPAL. In this context, ALDH and GST are detoxifying pathways and their inhibition would lead to an accumulation of reactive species from FBM metabolism and/or metabolism of other endogenous or exogenous compounds and predisposing to or causing toxicity. Therefore, mechanisms of reactive aldehydes toxicity could include direct interaction with critical cellular macromolecules or indirect interference with cellular detoxification mechanisms. JF - Chemico-biological interactions AU - Kapetanovic, Izet M AU - Torchin, Cynthia D AU - Strong, John M AU - Yonekawa, Wayne D AU - Lu, Chuang AU - Li, Albert P AU - Dieckhaus, Christine M AU - Santos, Webster L AU - Macdonald, Timothy L AU - Sofia, R Duane AU - Kupferberg, Harvey J AD - Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, CDER, US FDA, MOD-1, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. kapetani@mail.nih.gov Y1 - 2002/11/10/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 10 SP - 119 EP - 134 VL - 142 IS - 1-2 SN - 0009-2797, 0009-2797 KW - Aldehydes KW - 0 KW - Anticonvulsants KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Phenylcarbamates KW - Propylene Glycols KW - tert-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal KW - Aldehyde Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.2.1.3 KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - felbamate KW - X72RBB02N8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Aldehydes -- toxicity KW - Glutathione Transferase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Humans KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Aldehydes -- pharmacology KW - Microsomes, Liver -- enzymology KW - Aldehydes -- metabolism KW - Microsomes, Liver -- drug effects KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Aldehyde Dehydrogenase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Aldehyde Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Propylene Glycols -- toxicity KW - Propylene Glycols -- metabolism KW - Anticonvulsants -- toxicity KW - Anticonvulsants -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72635376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemico-biological+interactions&rft.atitle=Reactivity+of+atropaldehyde%2C+a+felbamate+metabolite+in+human+liver+tissue+in+vitro.&rft.au=Kapetanovic%2C+Izet+M%3BTorchin%2C+Cynthia+D%3BStrong%2C+John+M%3BYonekawa%2C+Wayne+D%3BLu%2C+Chuang%3BLi%2C+Albert+P%3BDieckhaus%2C+Christine+M%3BSantos%2C+Webster+L%3BMacdonald%2C+Timothy+L%3BSofia%2C+R+Duane%3BKupferberg%2C+Harvey+J&rft.aulast=Kapetanovic&rft.aufirst=Izet&rft.date=2002-11-10&rft.volume=142&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemico-biological+interactions&rft.issn=00092797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Idiosyncratic drug toxicity. AN - 72627359; 12399151 JF - Chemico-biological interactions AU - Collins, Jerry M AD - Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Food and Drug Administration/CDER, HFD-902/NLRC, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. collinsj@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/11/10/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 10 SP - 3 EP - 6 VL - 142 IS - 1-2 SN - 0009-2797, 0009-2797 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Toxicity Tests KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72627359?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemico-biological+interactions&rft.atitle=Idiosyncratic+drug+toxicity.&rft.au=Collins%2C+Jerry+M&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft.date=2002-11-10&rft.volume=142&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemico-biological+interactions&rft.issn=00092797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tumorigenicity of chloral hydrate, trichloroacetic acid, trichloroethanol, malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, crotonaldehyde, and acrolein in the B6C3F(1) neonatal mouse. AN - 71951496; 12142074 AB - The tumorigenicity of chloral hydrate (CH), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), trichloroethanol (TCE), malondialdehyde (MDA), crotonaldehyde, acrolein, and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) was tested in the B6C3F(1) neonatal mouse. Mice were administered i.p. injections of CH (1000, 2000, 2500, and 5000 nmol per animal), TCA (1000 and 2000 nmol), TCE (1000 and 2000 nmol), MDA (1500 and 3000 nmol), crotonaldehyde (1500 and 3000 nmol), acrolein (75 and 150 nmol), and HNE (750 and 1500 nmol) at 8 and 15 days of age. At 12 months, only male mice treated with the positive control chemicals, 4-aminobiphenyl (500 and 1000 nmol) and benzo[a]pyrene (150 and 300 nmol), had incidences of tumors in the liver significantly higher than the solvent control. Additional male mice were dosed as described above and their livers were excised at 24, 48 h, and 7 days after the final dose. Liver DNA was isolated and analyzed by 32P-postlabeling/high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HPLC/electrochemical detection for MDA-derived adduct (M(1)G) and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) formation, respectively. At 24 and 48 h after the final dose, CH- and TCA-treated mice exhibited significantly higher M(1)G levels than the controls. 8-OHdG formation was also induced by CH, TCA, and MDA. These results suggest that under these experimental conditions the B6C3F(1) neonatal mouse is not sensitive to carcinogens that induce an increase in endogenous DNA adduct formation through lipid peroxidation or oxidative stress. JF - Cancer letters AU - Von Tungeln, Linda S AU - Yi, Ping AU - Bucci, Thomas J AU - Samokyszyn, Victor M AU - Chou, Ming W AU - Kadlubar, Fred F AU - Fu, Peter P AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2002/11/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 08 SP - 13 EP - 19 VL - 185 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Aldehydes KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - DNA Adducts KW - Phosphorus Radioisotopes KW - Chloral Hydrate KW - 418M5916WG KW - Malondialdehyde KW - 4Y8F71G49Q KW - Trichloroacetic Acid KW - 5V2JDO056X KW - Ethylene Chlorohydrin KW - 753N66IHAN KW - Acrolein KW - 7864XYD3JJ KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - 2-butenal KW - 9G72074TUW KW - 2,2,2-trichloroethanol KW - AW835AJ62N KW - 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal KW - K1CVM13F96 KW - Index Medicus KW - Aldehydes -- toxicity KW - Animals KW - Malondialdehyde -- toxicity KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Lipid Peroxidation KW - Acrolein -- toxicity KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - DNA Adducts -- metabolism KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Chloral Hydrate -- toxicity KW - DNA -- isolation & purification KW - Trichloroacetic Acid -- toxicity KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Crosses, Genetic KW - Electrochemistry KW - Male KW - Female KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- genetics KW - Ethylene Chlorohydrin -- toxicity KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- metabolism KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Ethylene Chlorohydrin -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71951496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Tumorigenicity+of+chloral+hydrate%2C+trichloroacetic+acid%2C+trichloroethanol%2C+malondialdehyde%2C+4-hydroxy-2-nonenal%2C+crotonaldehyde%2C+and+acrolein+in+the+B6C3F%281%29+neonatal+mouse.&rft.au=Von+Tungeln%2C+Linda+S%3BYi%2C+Ping%3BBucci%2C+Thomas+J%3BSamokyszyn%2C+Victor+M%3BChou%2C+Ming+W%3BKadlubar%2C+Fred+F%3BFu%2C+Peter+P&rft.aulast=Von+Tungeln&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.date=2002-11-08&rft.volume=185&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Penetrating trauma to the head and neck from a nail gun: a unique mechanism of injury. AN - 85364463; pmid-12472032 AB - Published reports of nail gun injuries to the head and neck are rare. We describe the cases of three patients who sustained nail gun injuries to the head and who were managed at our institution. All patients were treated successfully and all recovered with minimal morbidity. Any physician who is called on to manage a nail gun injury to the head or neck should understand that most likely the patient will have sustained a surprisingly limited amount of tissue injury, owing to the relatively low velocity of the projectile compared with that delivered by firearms. Computed tomography and selective angiography can play a vital role in assessing the integrity of relevant vascular structures. Moreover, catheter angiography with embolization can be a most useful nonsurgical adjunct to control the extent of vascular injury. JF - Ear, nose, & throat journal AU - Buchalter, Gregory M AU - Johnson, Leland P AU - Reichman, Mark V AU - Jacobs, John AD - Ear, Nose, and Throat Department, Phoenix Indian Medical Center, 4212 N. 16th St., Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA. gregory.buchalter@pimc.ihs.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 779 EP - 783 VL - 81 IS - 11 SN - 0145-5613, 0145-5613 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Adolescent KW - Cerebral Angiography KW - *Construction Materials KW - *Craniocerebral Trauma: diagnosis KW - Craniocerebral Trauma: etiology KW - Craniocerebral Trauma: surgery KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Injury Severity Score KW - Male KW - *Neck Injuries: diagnosis KW - Neck Injuries: etiology KW - Neck Injuries: surgery KW - Risk Assessment KW - Surgical Procedures, Operative KW - Tomography, X-Ray Computed KW - Treatment Outcome KW - *Wounds, Penetrating: diagnosis KW - Wounds, Penetrating: etiology KW - Wounds, Penetrating: surgery UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85364463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ear%2C+nose%2C+%26+throat+journal&rft.atitle=Penetrating+trauma+to+the+head+and+neck+from+a+nail+gun%3A+a+unique+mechanism+of+injury.&rft.au=Buchalter%2C+Gregory+M%3BJohnson%2C+Leland+P%3BReichman%2C+Mark+V%3BJacobs%2C+John&rft.aulast=Buchalter&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=779&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ear%2C+nose%2C+%26+throat+journal&rft.issn=01455613&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of seismicity recorded at an underground coal mine during a fatal fire and explosion sequence AN - 807615853; 2010-098256 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Swanson, Peter L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - F1051 EP - F1052 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 83 IS - 47, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - United States KW - mining KW - mines KW - methane KW - underground mining KW - explosions KW - coal mines KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - alkanes KW - Mine Safety and Health Administration KW - methane ignition KW - fires KW - Oregon KW - organic compounds KW - Willow Creek KW - safety KW - seismicity KW - mining geology KW - hydrocarbons KW - Helper Utah KW - Utah KW - Carbon County Utah KW - 19:Seismology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807615853?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+seismicity+recorded+at+an+underground+coal+mine+during+a+fatal+fire+and+explosion+sequence&rft.au=Swanson%2C+Peter+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Swanson&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=47%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=F1051&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2002 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; Carbon County Utah; coal mines; explosions; fires; Helper Utah; hydrocarbons; methane; methane ignition; Mine Safety and Health Administration; mines; mining; mining geology; Oregon; organic compounds; safety; seismicity; underground mining; United States; Utah; Willow Creek ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The dual effect of the particulate and organic components of diesel exhaust particles on the alteration of pulmonary immune/inflammatory responses and metabolic enzymes. AN - 72816707; 12515672 AB - Exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) is an environmental and occupational health concern. This review examines the cellular actions of the organic and the particulate components of DEP in the development of various lung diseases. Both the organic and the particulate components cause oxidant lung injury. The particulate component is known to induce alveolar epithelial damage, alter thiol levels in alveolar macrophages (AM) and lymphocytes, and activate AM in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The organic component, on the other hand, is shown to generate intracellular ROS, leading to a variety of cellular responses including apoptosis. There are a number of differences between the biological actions exerted by these two components. The organic component is responsible for DEP induction of cytochrome P450 family 1 enzymes that are critical to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and nitro-PAH metabolism in the lung as well as in the liver. The particulate component, on the other hand, causes a sustained down-regulation of CYP2B1 in the rat lung. The significance of this effect on pulmonary metabolism of xenobiotics and endobiotics remains to be seen, but may prove to be an important factor governing the interplay of the pulmonary metabolic and inflammatory systems. Long-term exposures to various particles including DEP, carbon black (CB), TiO2, and washed DEP devoid of the organic content, have been shown to produce similar tumorigenic responses in rodents. There is a lack of correlation between tumor development and DEP chemical-derived DNA adduct formation. But the organic component has been shown to generate ROS that produce 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in cell culture. The organic, but not the particulate, component of DEP suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by AM and the development of Th1 cell-mediated immunity. The mechanism for this effect is not yet clear, but may involve the induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a cellular genetic response to oxidative stress. Both the organic and the particulate components of DEP enhance respiratory allergic sensitization. Part of the DEP effects may be due to a depletion of glutathione in lymphocytes. The organic component, which is shown to induce IL-4 and IL-10 productions, may skew the immunity toward Th2 response, whereas the particulate component may stimulate both the Th1 and Th2 responses. In conclusion, the literature shows that the particulate and organic components of DEP exhibit different biological actions but both involve the induction of cellular oxidative stress. Together, these effects inhibit cell-mediated immunity toward infectious agents, exacerbate respiratory allergy, cause DNA damage, and under long-term exposure, induce the development of lung tumors. JF - Journal of environmental science and health. Part C, Environmental carcinogenesis & ecotoxicology reviews AU - Ma, Jane Y C AU - Ma, Joseph K H AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 117 EP - 147 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 1059-0501, 1059-0501 KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Th1 Cells -- immunology KW - DNA Damage KW - Humans KW - Particle Size KW - Inflammation KW - Rats KW - Lung Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1 -- pharmacology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- physiopathology KW - Th2 Cells -- immunology KW - Pulmonary Alveoli -- pathology KW - Pulmonary Alveoli -- immunology KW - Pulmonary Alveoli -- drug effects KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- adverse effects KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- metabolism KW - Vehicle Emissions -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72816707?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part+C%2C+Environmental+carcinogenesis+%26+ecotoxicology+reviews&rft.atitle=The+dual+effect+of+the+particulate+and+organic+components+of+diesel+exhaust+particles+on+the+alteration+of+pulmonary+immune%2Finflammatory+responses+and+metabolic+enzymes.&rft.au=Ma%2C+Jane+Y+C%3BMa%2C+Joseph+K+H&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=Jane+Y&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part+C%2C+Environmental+carcinogenesis+%26+ecotoxicology+reviews&rft.issn=10590501&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-22 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ectopic pregnancy risk when contraception fails. A review. AN - 72790086; 12497674 AB - To alert clinicians to the risk of ectopic pregnancy when certain contraceptive methods fail by summarizing data from trials reviewed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The review focuses on 7 contraceptive drug products with an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy when the method fails. Data were extracted from reviews of clinical trials submitted to the FDA to support marketing applications and from the medical literature. Data on 6 other contraceptive drug products and published data for tubal ligations are used for comparison. This review does not include medroxyprogesterone acetate injections because the FDA reviews for this method did not include any pregnancy outcome information. The results are presented in a table and are compared to postmarketing surveillance reports and published literature, when available. The proportion of ectopic pregnancies among all pregnancies ranged from 1:2 to 1:21 for intrauterine devices, tubal ligations, progestin-only implants and progestin-only oral contraceptives. Although the confidence intervals for the proportions were large in trials with few pregnancies, both postmarketing surveillance reports and published literature support proportions calculated from clinical trial data. Pregnancies in women using progestin-only oral contraceptives, progestin-only implants, intrauterine devices and tubal ligations are more likely to be ectopic than pregnancies in the general population. JF - The Journal of reproductive medicine AU - Furlong, Lesley-Anne AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, HFD-580, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. furlongl@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 881 EP - 885 VL - 47 IS - 11 SN - 0024-7758, 0024-7758 KW - Contraceptive Agents KW - 0 KW - Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic KW - Norgestrel KW - 3J8Q1747Z2 KW - Progesterone KW - 4G7DS2Q64Y KW - Levonorgestrel KW - 5W7SIA7YZW KW - Norethindrone KW - T18F433X4S KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Treatment Failure KW - Intrauterine Devices, Medicated -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Intrauterine Devices, Copper -- adverse effects KW - Levonorgestrel -- adverse effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic -- adverse effects KW - Norethindrone -- adverse effects KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Norgestrel -- adverse effects KW - Drug Approval KW - Progesterone -- adverse effects KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing KW - Female KW - Pregnancy, Ectopic -- etiology KW - Contraceptive Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72790086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+reproductive+medicine&rft.atitle=Ectopic+pregnancy+risk+when+contraception+fails.+A+review.&rft.au=Furlong%2C+Lesley-Anne&rft.aulast=Furlong&rft.aufirst=Lesley-Anne&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=881&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+reproductive+medicine&rft.issn=00247758&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-13 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deregulation of syringe sale and possession in New Hampshire, 1991-2000. AN - 72789121; 12489605 JF - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) AU - Kassler, William AU - Ayotte, David AD - New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services, Concord 03301, USA. PY - 2002 SP - S19 EP - S20 VL - 42 IS - 6 Suppl 2 SN - 1086-5802, 1086-5802 KW - Medical Waste Disposal KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - New Hampshire -- epidemiology KW - Needle-Exchange Programs KW - Humans KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- epidemiology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology KW - Legislation, Medical -- trends KW - Syringes -- supply & distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72789121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Pharmaceutical+Association+%28Washington%2CD.C.+%3A+1996%29&rft.atitle=Deregulation+of+syringe+sale+and+possession+in+New+Hampshire%2C+1991-2000.&rft.au=Kassler%2C+William%3BAyotte%2C+David&rft.aulast=Kassler&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6+Suppl+2&rft.spage=S19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Pharmaceutical+Association+%28Washington%2CD.C.+%3A+1996%29&rft.issn=10865802&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interlaboratory comparison of methods for the determination of incurred tilmicosin residues in bovine liver. AN - 72758558; 12477187 AB - The objective of this study was to compare 2 methods for the determination of tilmicosin residues in bovine liver samples. Three laboratories participated in the comparison of the 2 methods. The first method was described in a New Animal Drug Application (NADA 140-929), and the second was a modification of that method in which hexane was substituted for carbon tetrachloride in one cleanup step. Each of the 3 laboratories analyzed subsamples of 10 bovine livers containing incurred tilmicosin. Residues ranged from 2.3 to 81 ppm tilmicosin in the 10 liver samples with an 11.8% relative standard deviation obtained by using both methods. In addition, fortified-control liver tissue samples were analyzed concurrently with tissues containing incurred residues by using the modified method in one of the laboratories. The fortification levels ranged from 0.3 to 112 ppm, with recoveries ranging from 76 to 92%. The results from the 3 laboratories were comparable, indicating that the modified method was not only as effective as the original NADA method, but also more desirable because of the change to a less hazardous solvent. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Clark, Susan B AU - O'Rangers, John J AU - Rowe, W Douglas AU - Madson, Mark R AU - Hurlbut, Jeffrey A AU - Sofos, John N AU - Fuerst, Brenda AU - James, Glenda AU - Griffith, Sydney AU - Readnour, Robin S AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver, CO 80225, USA. sclark1@ora.fda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 1260 EP - 1267 VL - 85 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Macrolides KW - Solutions KW - tilmicosin KW - XL4103X2E3 KW - Tylosin KW - YEF4JXN031 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Drug Residues KW - Tylosin -- analysis KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- analysis KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Tylosin -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72758558?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Interlaboratory+comparison+of+methods+for+the+determination+of+incurred+tilmicosin+residues+in+bovine+liver.&rft.au=Clark%2C+Susan+B%3BO%27Rangers%2C+John+J%3BRowe%2C+W+Douglas%3BMadson%2C+Mark+R%3BHurlbut%2C+Jeffrey+A%3BSofos%2C+John+N%3BFuerst%2C+Brenda%3BJames%2C+Glenda%3BGriffith%2C+Sydney%3BReadnour%2C+Robin+S&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1260&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-15 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of deoxynivalenol in whole wheat flour and wheat bran. AN - 72756714; 12477199 AB - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed for determining deoxynivalenol (DON) in whole wheat flour and wheat bran. A 15 g test sample was extracted with acetonitrile-water (84 + 16, v/v) and applied to a Romer MycoSep cleanup column. The eluate was dried and then reconstituted in a 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, and applied to a Vicam DONtest-LC cleanup column. The methanol eluate was chromatographed with a methanol-water (17 + 83, v/v) mobile phase on a C18 column with UV detection at 220 nm. Five replicates at each of 5 fortification levels (0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 ppm), plus 5 controls, were determined for both whole wheat flour and wheat bran. For flour, the average recoveries were 72.2-91.5% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 4.9-18.4%. The intra-assay flour recovery was 82.4% with 9.8% RSD. A 5 replicate sample of naturally incurred wheat had an average of 1.1 ppm DON with 6.7% RSD. For bran, average recoveries of fortified samples were 69.5-99.7% with RSDs of 1.7-18.8%. The intra-assay bran recovery was 81.5% with 8.9% RSD. The limit of detection (about 3x noise) for the method is 0.05 ppm; the correlation coefficient (linearity) was >0.9995. The DON peak was clearly identified and easily integrated in the chromatograms. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Rupp, Heidi S AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Pacific Regional Laboratory Northwest, Bothell, WA 98021, USA. hrupp@ora.fda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 1355 EP - 1359 VL - 85 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Buffers KW - 0 KW - Solutions KW - Solvents KW - Trichothecenes KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Reference Standards KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Dietary Fiber -- analysis KW - Flour -- analysis KW - Trichothecenes -- analysis KW - Triticum -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72756714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+deoxynivalenol+in+whole+wheat+flour+and+wheat+bran.&rft.au=Rupp%2C+Heidi+S&rft.aulast=Rupp&rft.aufirst=Heidi&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-15 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preventing young worker fatalities. The Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation (FACE) Program. AN - 72747579; 12465207 AB - During the period between 1992 through 1998, the Bureau of Labor Statistics identified an average of 67 work related deaths of individuals younger than 18 each year. This article describes the Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation (FACE) program and summarizes indepth data collected on 59 young worker fatalities in 26 states. These investigations were conducted between May 1986 and February 2002. Young workers ranged in age from 9 to 17 years, with a mean age of 15.3 years: 21 were working in the agriculture, forestry, and fishing industry; 12 in construction; 10 in manufacturing; 8 in services; and 8 in the retail industry. The majority worked as laborers. Ninety-three percent were young men. Each investigation resulted in the formulation and dissemination of strategies to help prevent future similar occurrences. As an example of state FACE activities, the article describes the Wisconsin FACE program's efforts to foster collaboration between regulatory agencies, researchers, educators, and occupational safety and health professionals, and to integrate efforts aimed at improving safety for young workers. JF - AAOHN journal : official journal of the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses AU - Higgins, Doloris N AU - Tierney, Jeanette AU - Hanrahan, Lawrence AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA. Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 508 EP - 514 VL - 50 IS - 11 SN - 0891-0162, 0891-0162 KW - Nursing KW - Occupational Health KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Cause of Death KW - Population Surveillance KW - Employment -- statistics & numerical data KW - Risk Factors KW - Wisconsin -- epidemiology KW - Industry -- statistics & numerical data KW - Nurse's Role KW - Program Evaluation KW - Occupational Health Nursing KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Adolescent Health Services -- organization & administration KW - Child Health Services -- organization & administration KW - Occupational Health Services -- organization & administration KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72747579?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AAOHN+journal+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+of+Occupational+Health+Nurses&rft.atitle=Preventing+young+worker+fatalities.+The+Fatality+Assessment+and+Control+Evaluation+%28FACE%29+Program.&rft.au=Higgins%2C+Doloris+N%3BTierney%2C+Jeanette%3BHanrahan%2C+Lawrence&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Doloris&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=508&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AAOHN+journal+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+of+Occupational+Health+Nurses&rft.issn=08910162&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-20 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of alpha- and beta-hydroxy acids on the edemal response induced in female SKH-1 mice by simulated solar light. AN - 72733060; 12460741 AB - alpha- and beta-Hydroxy acids have been used extensively in cosmetic and dermatological formulations. At present, there is an inadequate amount of information with which to assess the safety of topical applications of alpha- and beta-hydroxy acids in conjunction with exposure to ultraviolet light. In the present study, we examined changes in the epidermal basal cell proliferation and the edemal response using skin thickness measurements elicited in SKH-1 mice following exposure to simulated solar light (SSL) with or without topical treatment with creams containing alpha- (glycolic) and beta-hydroxy (salicylic) acids. The dose of SSL light required to induce measurable edema (MED(BIOL)) in nai;ve, free-moving SKH-1 mice was determined to be 90 mJ. CIE/cm(2). Pretreating the mice with daily (5 days/week) exposures of 14 mJ. CIE/cm(2) for 6 weeks resulted in a doubling of the MED(BIOL) to 180 mJ. CIE/cm(2). Topical application of control cream (pH 3.5), or creams containing glycolic acid (10%, pH 3.5) or salicylic acid (4%, pH 3.5) for 6 weeks (5 days/week) increased the MED(BIOL) to 137 mJ. CIE/cm(2). Daily treatments with SSL (14 mJ. CIE/cm(2)) and control cream (pH 3.5), glycolic (10%, pH 3.5) or salicylic (4%, pH 3.5) acid-containing creams for 6 weeks (5 days/week) resulted in an MED(BIOL) value of 180 mJ. CIE/cm(2), which was the same as treatment with light alone for 6 weeks. These data indicate that a 6-week treatment of mouse skin with a representative skin cream, with or without representative alpha- and beta-hydroxy acids (glycolic and salicylic acid, respectively), changes the UV light sensitivity; however, treatment with the cream, with or without the acids, does not contribute to the UV sensitivity of mice cotreated with low doses of UV light. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Sams, Reeder L AU - Couch, Letha H AU - Miller, Barbara J AU - Okerberg, Carlin V AU - Warbritton, Alan R AU - Wamer, Wayne G AU - Beer, Janusz Z AU - Howard, Paul C AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicology Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2002/11/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 01 SP - 136 EP - 143 VL - 184 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Glycolates KW - 0 KW - Keratolytic Agents KW - glycolic acid KW - 0WT12SX38S KW - Salicylic Acid KW - O414PZ4LPZ KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Edema -- pathology KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Mice KW - Mice, Hairless KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Female KW - Edema -- etiology KW - Administration, Topical KW - Cell Division -- radiation effects KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Keratolytic Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Epidermis -- drug effects KW - Salicylic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Salicylic Acid -- administration & dosage KW - Glycolates -- pharmacology KW - Keratolytic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Epidermis -- pathology KW - Glycolates -- administration & dosage KW - Epidermis -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72733060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+alpha-+and+beta-hydroxy+acids+on+the+edemal+response+induced+in+female+SKH-1+mice+by+simulated+solar+light.&rft.au=Sams%2C+Reeder+L%3BCouch%2C+Letha+H%3BMiller%2C+Barbara+J%3BOkerberg%2C+Carlin+V%3BWarbritton%2C+Alan+R%3BWamer%2C+Wayne+G%3BBeer%2C+Janusz+Z%3BHoward%2C+Paul+C&rft.aulast=Sams&rft.aufirst=Reeder&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=184&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methods and method evaluation for mycotoxins. AN - 72720941; 12448882 AB - Mycotoxins are metabolites of molds frequently found on and in agricultural commodities, food and feeds. Owing to their demonstrated acute, sub-acute and, in some cases, chronic toxicity, an effort has been made, worldwide, to control human and animal exposure to these toxic chemicals. This effort depends upon the availability of validated analytical methods for their detection and quantitation. This paper outlines the methodology available, and the procedures used to validate, i.e. evaluate, these methods based on the use of interlaboratory collaborative studies and the application of the HORRAT. JF - Molecular biotechnology AU - Trucksess, Mary W AU - Pohland, Albert E AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20204, USA. Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 287 EP - 292 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 1073-6085, 1073-6085 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - International Cooperation KW - Societies, Scientific KW - International Agencies KW - Quality Control KW - Food -- standards KW - Food Analysis -- standards KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Food Microbiology -- standards KW - Animal Feed -- microbiology KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- standards KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis KW - Animal Feed -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72720941?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+biotechnology&rft.atitle=Methods+and+method+evaluation+for+mycotoxins.&rft.au=Trucksess%2C+Mary+W%3BPohland%2C+Albert+E&rft.aulast=Trucksess&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+biotechnology&rft.issn=10736085&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of low-dose gamma irradiation on Staphylococcus aureus and product packaging in ready-to-eat ham and cheese sandwiches. AN - 72692648; 12430707 AB - Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen that causes foodborne illness. Traditional methods for controlling S. aureus do not address postprocess contamination. Low-dose gamma irradiation is effective in reducing pathogens in a variety of foods and may be effective in reducing S. aureus in ready-to-eat foods. The effects of gamma irradiation on product packaging should also be considered. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of gamna irradiation on product packaging and on S. aureus in ready-to-eat ham and cheese sandwiches. The effects of refrigerated storage on irradiated and nonirradiated sandwiches were also investigated. Ham and cheese sandwiches were inoculated with 10(6) or 10(7) CFU of S. aureus per g, frozen, irradiated, and analyzed by a standard plate count method. D10-values, the amount of irradiation needed to elicit a 1-log10 reduction of bacteria, were calculated. In addition, irradiated sandwiches were analyzed after 1, 13, 27, and 39 days of storage at 4 degrees C. The integrity of postirradiated packaging material was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Two experiments yielded D10-values of 0.62 and 0.63. During refrigerated storage, sandwiches irradiated with 5.9 kGy showed no S. aureus growth at any time; sandwiches irradiated with 3.85 kGy showed a 6.18-log reduction in S. aureus after 13 days; and nonirradiated sandwiches showed a 0.53-log increase in S. aureus after 39 days. FTIR spectroscopy showed that the label side and the bulge side were composed of polyethylene terephthalate and nylon 6, respectively. No significant change in the packaging due to irradiation was detected. In this study, low-dose gamma irradiation was shown to be an effective method for reducing S. aureus in ready-to-eat ham and cheese sandwiches and proved to be more efficacious than refrigeration alone. Additionally, package integrity was not adversely affected by gamma irradiation. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Lamb, Jennifer L AU - Gogley, Jennifer M AU - Thompson, M Jasmine AU - Solis, Daniel R AU - Sen, Sumit AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Pacific Regional Laboratory Southwest, Los Angeles, California 90015, USA. jlamb@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 1800 EP - 1805 VL - 65 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared KW - Food Microbiology KW - Gamma Rays KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Food Packaging KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Staphylococcus aureus -- radiation effects KW - Food Irradiation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72692648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Effect+of+low-dose+gamma+irradiation+on+Staphylococcus+aureus+and+product+packaging+in+ready-to-eat+ham+and+cheese+sandwiches.&rft.au=Lamb%2C+Jennifer+L%3BGogley%2C+Jennifer+M%3BThompson%2C+M+Jasmine%3BSolis%2C+Daniel+R%3BSen%2C+Sumit&rft.aulast=Lamb&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1800&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antioxidant balance and free radical generation in vitamin e-deficient mice after dermal exposure to cumene hydroperoxide. AN - 72687736; 12437336 AB - Organic peroxides are widely used in the chemical industry as initiators of oxidation for the production of polymers and fiber-reinforced plastics, in the manufacture of polyester resin coatings, and pharmaceuticals. Free radical production is considered to be one of the key factors contributing to skin tumor promotion by organic peroxides. In vitro experiments have demonstrated metal-catalyzed formation of alkoxyl, alkyl, and aryl radicals in keratinocytes incubated with cumene hydroperoxide. The present study investigated in vivo free radical generation in lipid extracts of mouse skin exposed to cumene hydroperoxide. The electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping technique was used to detect the formation of alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) radical adducts, following intradermal injection of 180 mg/kg PBN. It was found that 30 min after topical exposure, cumene hydroperoxide (12 mmol/kg) induced free radical generation in the skin of female Balb/c mice kept for 10 weeks on vitamin E-deficient diets. In contrast, hardly discernible radical adducts were detected when cumene hydroperoxide was applied to the skin of mice fed a vitamin E-sufficient diet. Importantly, total antioxidant reserve and levels of GSH, ascorbate, and vitamin E decreased 34%, 46.5%. 27%, and 98%, respectively, after mice were kept for 10 weeks on vitamin E-deficient diet. PBN adducts detected by ESR in vitamin E-deficient mice provide direct evidence for in vivo free radical generation in the skin after exposure to cumene hydroperoxide. JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Shvedova, A A AU - Kisin, E R AU - Murray, A R AU - Kommineni, C AU - Castranova, V AU - Mason, R P AU - Kadiiska, M B AU - Gunther, M R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. ats1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 1451 EP - 1459 VL - 15 IS - 11 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Benzene Derivatives KW - Biomarkers KW - Cyclic N-Oxides KW - Free Radicals KW - Nitrogen Oxides KW - Spin Labels KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone KW - 3I91332OPG KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - cumene hydroperoxide KW - PG7JD54X4I KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Administration, Cutaneous KW - Vitamin E -- metabolism KW - Vitamin E -- analysis KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Ascorbic Acid -- analysis KW - Oxidative Stress -- physiology KW - Spin Trapping KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds -- analysis KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Glutathione -- analysis KW - Female KW - Free Radicals -- analysis KW - Benzene Derivatives -- administration & dosage KW - Antioxidants -- analysis KW - Benzene Derivatives -- toxicity KW - Antioxidants -- metabolism KW - Skin -- drug effects KW - Skin -- metabolism KW - Lipid Peroxidation -- drug effects KW - Vitamin E Deficiency -- metabolism KW - Free Radicals -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72687736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Antioxidant+balance+and+free+radical+generation+in+vitamin+e-deficient+mice+after+dermal+exposure+to+cumene+hydroperoxide.&rft.au=Shvedova%2C+A+A%3BKisin%2C+E+R%3BMurray%2C+A+R%3BKommineni%2C+C%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BMason%2C+R+P%3BKadiiska%2C+M+B%3BGunther%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Shvedova&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1451&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-20 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interleukin 4 receptor on human lung cancer: a molecular target for cytotoxin therapy. AN - 72676604; 12429641 AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that human lung tumor cell lines express interleukin 4 (IL-4) receptors, and IL-4 can mediate modest to moderate antiproliferative activity in vitro and in vivo in animal models of human lung tumors. On the basis of these studies, IL-4 was tested in clinical trials; however, it showed little antitumor activity in lung cancer patients. In the present study, we examined the expression of IL-4 receptors (IL-4Rs) in lung tumor samples and normal lung tissues and tested whether an IL-4R targeted agent will have better antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo compared with IL-4. IL-4R expression was tested by immunohistochemistry in 54 lung tumor samples and normal lung tissues in a tissue array, by reverse-transcription PCR and Northern blot analyses in lung tumor cell lines. Cytotoxic activity of IL-4 cytotoxin [IL-4(38-37)-PE38KDEL], composed of a circular permuted IL-4 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE38KDEL) was tested by protein synthesis inhibition and clonogenic assays in seven lung tumor cell lines. Antitumor activity of IL-4 cytotoxin was tested in vitro and in immunodeficient animal models of human lung tumors. We observed that IL-4Rs are expressed at higher levels in situ in lung tumor samples compared with normal lung tissues and IL-4 cytotoxin is highly and specifically cytotoxic to lung tumor cell lines in vitro. Intratumoral and i.p. administration of IL-4 cytotoxin to immunodeficient mice with s.c. established human lung H358 non-small cell lung cancer tumors mediated considerable antitumor activity in a dose-dependent manner with the higher dose producing durable complete responses. On the other hand, H460 non-small cell lung cancer tumors expressing low levels of IL-4R did not respond to IL-4 cytotoxin therapy. Because IL-4 cytotoxin mediates its antitumor activity through IL-4R, and a variety of lung tumors expressed high levels of IL-4R, we propose testing the safety of this agent in patients with lung cancer. JF - Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research AU - Kawakami, Mariko AU - Kawakami, Koji AU - Stepensky, Vitaly A AU - Maki, Richard A AU - Robin, Howard AU - Muller, Wayne AU - Husain, Syed R AU - Puri, Raj K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 3503 EP - 3511 VL - 8 IS - 11 SN - 1078-0432, 1078-0432 KW - Cytotoxins KW - 0 KW - Exotoxins KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Interleukin-4 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Interleukin-4 KW - 207137-56-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Blotting, Northern KW - Humans KW - Mice, Nude KW - Cytotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Radioligand Assay KW - Body Weight KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Time Factors KW - Pseudomonas -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Exotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Mice KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Protein Binding KW - Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung -- pathology KW - Neoplasm Transplantation KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Interleukin-4 -- metabolism KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Mutation KW - Receptors, Interleukin-4 -- metabolism KW - Lung Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72676604?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Interleukin+4+receptor+on+human+lung+cancer%3A+a+molecular+target+for+cytotoxin+therapy.&rft.au=Kawakami%2C+Mariko%3BKawakami%2C+Koji%3BStepensky%2C+Vitaly+A%3BMaki%2C+Richard+A%3BRobin%2C+Howard%3BMuller%2C+Wayne%3BHusain%2C+Syed+R%3BPuri%2C+Raj+K&rft.aulast=Kawakami&rft.aufirst=Mariko&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3503&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=10780432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Understanding the seasonal pattern of childhood asthma: results from the National Cooperative Inner-City Asthma Study (NCICAS). AN - 72645613; 12410190 AB - To contrast the seasonal patterns of asthma symptoms and utilization and determine the impact of allergen sensitivity, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, and air pollution on the seasonal patterns of asthma. Participants in the National Cooperative Inner-City Asthma Study (NCICAS) were tracked for approximately 4 years after allergen skin testing and determination of exposure to ETS. Air pollution data were obtained from EPA monitoring sites in NCICAS cities. Asthma symptoms (wheeze) and health care utilization (unscheduled visits and hospitalization) had similar seasonal patterns, with low points during the summer months of June through August and a distinct autumn peak beginning in September. Seasonal patterns were similar among children with no allergen skin test reactivity, those reactive only to indoor allergens, and those reactive to outdoor allergens. ETS exposure, whether defined by self-report or urinary cotinine/creatinine ratio, was not related to the observed seasonal patterns. Among the pollutants evaluated, only the seasonal pattern of SO(2) coincided with that of asthma morbidity. Atopy, ETS, and most air pollutants do not appear to contribute to the distinct asthma seasonal pattern. On a population level, changes in symptoms are mirrored by changes in utilization. JF - The Journal of pediatrics AU - Gergen, Peter J AU - Mitchell, Herman AU - Lynn, Henry AD - Center for Primary Care and Research, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 631 EP - 636 VL - 141 IS - 5 SN - 0022-3476, 0022-3476 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Office Visits -- statistics & numerical data KW - Air Pollution KW - Smoking KW - Humans KW - Health Services -- utilization KW - Hospitalization -- statistics & numerical data KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Seasons KW - Urban Population UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72645613?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pediatrics&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+seasonal+pattern+of+childhood+asthma%3A+results+from+the+National+Cooperative+Inner-City+Asthma+Study+%28NCICAS%29.&rft.au=Gergen%2C+Peter+J%3BMitchell%2C+Herman%3BLynn%2C+Henry&rft.aulast=Gergen&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=141&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=631&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pediatrics&rft.issn=00223476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-11 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Pediatr. 2002 Nov;141(5):604-5 [12410185] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival characteristics and age-adjusted disease incidences in C57BL/6 mice fed a commonly used cereal-based diet modulated by dietary restriction. AN - 72642307; 12403793 AB - Studies of C57BL/6 mice are often restricted to one sex, with limited characterization of pathology as a function of age. As part of the National Institute on Aging/National Center for Toxicological Research Collaboration on Biomarkers, over 3000 males and 1500 females of this strain were raised, maintained, and used to evaluate longevity under specific pathogen-free conditions. A diet commonly used in testing the impact of agents was fed ad libitum or was restricted to 60% of normal consumption, starting when the mice were 14-16 weeks of age. Cardiac, renal, and central nervous system pathologies were significantly inhibited by dietary restriction (DR), as were bone degeneration, inflammation, hyperplasia, amyloid induction, and atrophy of secretory organs. Hematological disorders and tumors were among the most common problem in this strain, and they were ameliorated by DR. In males, for other neoplasms, adrenal adenomas, liver tumors, and hemangiomas combined with hemangiosarcomas were decreased by DR, variably in onset and progression. In females, DR decreased pituitary tumors, mammary tumors, and alveolar carcinomas, again variably in onset and progression. JF - The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences AU - Turturro, Angelo AU - Duffy, Peter AU - Hass, Bruce AU - Kodell, Ralph AU - Hart, Ronald AD - Divisions of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Aturturro@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - B379 EP - B389 VL - 57 IS - 11 SN - 1079-5006, 1079-5006 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Body Weight KW - Animals KW - Animal Feed KW - Survival Rate KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Female KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Disease Susceptibility KW - Longevity -- physiology KW - Food Deprivation -- physiology KW - Edible Grain KW - Diet UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72642307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+journals+of+gerontology.+Series+A%2C+Biological+sciences+and+medical+sciences&rft.atitle=Survival+characteristics+and+age-adjusted+disease+incidences+in+C57BL%2F6+mice+fed+a+commonly+used+cereal-based+diet+modulated+by+dietary+restriction.&rft.au=Turturro%2C+Angelo%3BDuffy%2C+Peter%3BHass%2C+Bruce%3BKodell%2C+Ralph%3BHart%2C+Ronald&rft.aulast=Turturro&rft.aufirst=Angelo&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=B379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+journals+of+gerontology.+Series+A%2C+Biological+sciences+and+medical+sciences&rft.issn=10795006&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-03 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of the aerosols produced by a high-speed, hand-held grinder using various substrates. AN - 72638026; 12406860 AB - Mechanical processes such as grinding are classically thought to form micrometer scale aerosols through abrasion and attrition. High-speed grinding has been used as the basis for testing the hypothesis that ultrafine particles do not form a substantial component of mechanically generated aerosols. A wide variety of grinding substrates were selected for evaluation to represent the broad spectrum of materials available. To characterize the particle size distribution over particle sizes ranging from 4.2 nm to 20.5 microm, the aerosol-laden air collected from an enclosed chamber was split and directed to three aerosol instruments operated in parallel. Transmission electron microscope samples of the various grinding substrates were also collected. The results demonstrate that ultrafine particles do have the potential to form a significant component of a grinding aerosol for a number of substrates. It appears that the ultrafine aerosols were formed by the following processes: (i) from within the grinding motor, (ii) from the combustion of amenable grinding substrates and (iii) from volatilization of amenable grinding materials at the grinding wheel/substrate interface. JF - The Annals of occupational hygiene AU - Zimmer, Anthony T AU - Maynard, Andrew D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. azimmer@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 663 EP - 672 VL - 46 IS - 8 SN - 0003-4878, 0003-4878 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Aerosols -- analysis KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Hazardous Substances -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72638026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+the+aerosols+produced+by+a+high-speed%2C+hand-held+grinder+using+various+substrates.&rft.au=Zimmer%2C+Anthony+T%3BMaynard%2C+Andrew+D&rft.aulast=Zimmer&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=663&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.issn=00034878&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-09 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Residual oil fly ash increases the susceptibility to infection and severely damages the lungs after pulmonary challenge with a bacterial pathogen. AN - 72193711; 12388840 AB - Inhalation of residual oil fly ash (ROFA), a component of ambient particulate matter, has been shown to increase pulmonary morbidity and impair lung defense mechanisms in exposed workers. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of ROFA preexposure on lung defense and injury after pulmonary challenge with a bacterial pathogen. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed intratracheally at day 0 with saline (control) or ROFA (0.2 or 1 mg/100 g body weight). Three days later, a low (5 x 10(3)) or high (5 x 10(5)) dose of Listeria monocytogenes was instilled intratracheally into the ROFA- and saline-treated rats. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed on the right lungs at days 6, 8, and 10. The recovered cells were differentiated, and chemiluminescence (CL) and nitric oxide (NO) production, two indices of alveolar macrophage (AM) function, were measured. At the same time points, the left lung and spleen were removed, homogenized, and cultured, and colony-forming units were counted after an overnight incubation. Exposure to ROFA and the high dose of L. monocytogenes led to marked lung injury and inflammation as well as to an increase in mortality, compared with rats treated with saline and the high dose of L. monocytogenes. Preexposure to ROFA significantly enhanced injury and delayed the pulmonary clearance of L. monocytogenes at both bacterial doses when compared to the saline-treated control rats. ROFA had no effect on AM CL but caused a significant suppression of AM NO production, as compared to the saline control rats. We have demonstrated that acute exposure to ROFA slowed the pulmonary clearance of L. monocytogenes. The suppression in AM NO production by ROFA pretreatment likely plays an important role. These results suggest that pulmonary exposure to ROFA may alter AM function and lead to increased susceptibility to lung infection in exposed populations. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Antonini, James M AU - Roberts, Jenny R AU - Jernigan, Michael R AU - Yang, Hui-Min AU - Ma, Jane Y C AU - Clarke, Robert W AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS 2015, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. jga6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 110 EP - 119 VL - 70 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Coal Ash KW - Particulate Matter KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Disease Susceptibility -- microbiology KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Phagocytosis -- drug effects KW - Nitric Oxide -- biosynthesis KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Male KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- pathogenicity KW - Listeriosis -- pathology KW - Listeriosis -- physiopathology KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Lung -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72193711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Residual+oil+fly+ash+increases+the+susceptibility+to+infection+and+severely+damages+the+lungs+after+pulmonary+challenge+with+a+bacterial+pathogen.&rft.au=Antonini%2C+James+M%3BRoberts%2C+Jenny+R%3BJernigan%2C+Michael+R%3BYang%2C+Hui-Min%3BMa%2C+Jane+Y+C%3BClarke%2C+Robert+W&rft.aulast=Antonini&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacovigilance: towards a better understanding of the benefit to risk ratio. AN - 72175035; 12379634 JF - Annals of the rheumatic diseases AU - Simon, L S AD - Division of Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory and Ophthalmologic Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research ODEV, FDA, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - ii88 EP - ii89 VL - 61 Suppl 2 SN - 0003-4967, 0003-4967 KW - Antirheumatic Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Risk Assessment KW - Antirheumatic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72175035?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+rheumatic+diseases&rft.atitle=Pharmacovigilance%3A+towards+a+better+understanding+of+the+benefit+to+risk+ratio.&rft.au=Simon%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=61+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=ii88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+rheumatic+diseases&rft.issn=00034967&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Acta Med Scand Suppl. 1984;683:23-7 [6588735] Arch Intern Med. 1985 Oct;145(10):1791-4 [3899034] J R Soc Med. 1991 Jun;84(6):341-4 [2061900] Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 1988 Jan;22(1):68-78 [3280280] J Rheumatol Suppl. 1988 Oct;17:9-13 [3204621] Neth J Med. 1985;28(12):546-50 [3911083] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Precision test apparatus for evaluating the heating pattern of radiofrequency ablation devices. AN - 72168394; 12376050 AB - Radiofrequency has established itself as a useful technique for managing cardiac arrhythmias and treating soft tissue tumors. However, despite its pervasive use, many of the biophysical principals needed to fully understand and optimize the radiofrequency ablation technique have not been explored. We have designed a test rig that is useful for studying the heat transfer mechanisms that affect the outcome of radiofrequency ablation devices. Using both solid and liquid phantom materials, which simulate body tissues and blood, the test rig is designed for systematic testing of the effects of predictable flow patterns on the temperature profiles generated within the solid phantom. The test rig consists of a custom built thermistor array, a linear test chamber, and a radiofrequency generator. We calibrate the flow of a liquid phantom material to demonstrate that predictable laminar flow profiles are generated. To demonstrate the performance of the ablation system, we present preliminary data attained using a commercially available cardiac ablation catheter. The advantages of this test system are its flexibility, its reproducibility, its precision, and its low cost. Thus, it is ideally suited for studying a variety of complex ablation problems involving multiple tissues types and complex blood flow geometries. JF - Medical engineering & physics AU - Chang, I AU - Beard, B AD - US Food and Drug Administration, 12725 Twinbrook Parkway (HFZ-133), Rockville, MD 20852, USA. iac@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 633 EP - 640 VL - 24 IS - 9 SN - 1350-4533, 1350-4533 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Transducers KW - Blood Flow Velocity KW - Electric Conductivity KW - Hemorheology -- instrumentation KW - Calibration KW - Heart -- physiology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Catheter Ablation -- instrumentation KW - Equipment Design KW - Catheter Ablation -- standards KW - Thermometers KW - Heart -- radiation effects KW - Radio Waves -- therapeutic use KW - Cardiac Surgical Procedures -- instrumentation KW - Quality Control KW - Equipment Failure Analysis -- instrumentation KW - Hot Temperature KW - Electrocoagulation -- standards KW - Equipment Failure Analysis -- methods KW - Electrocoagulation -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72168394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+engineering+%26+physics&rft.atitle=Precision+test+apparatus+for+evaluating+the+heating+pattern+of+radiofrequency+ablation+devices.&rft.au=Chang%2C+I%3BBeard%2C+B&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=633&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medical+engineering+%26+physics&rft.issn=13504533&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-01 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Finding the Balance: Program Fidelity and Adaptation in Substance Abuse Prevention. A State-of-the-Art Review [and] Executive Summary. 2002 Conference Edition. AN - 62229750; ED469354 AB - One of the most difficult challenges to effective substance abuse prevention is finding the right balance between maintaining the fidelity of a science-based model prevention program and promoting adaptation of that program to reflect the circumstances of the community where it is being implemented. This state-of-the-art review, prepared for the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP), surveys 125 published and unpublished studies related to fidelity and adaptation balance, spanning more than 25 years. An extensive list of references guides researchers to the full body of literature surveyed for this review. The report first defines several key terms and then reviews the relevant research in some detail. It then presents several conclusions drawn from the literature review. The fundamental conclusion is that attention to both program fidelity and adaptation during the complex process of program implementation is critical to successful, sustained implementation of science-based substance abuse prevention programs. In addition, this paper proposes an initial set of guidelines for program implementers and also several unresolved issues that require attention from each of the primary audiences for this work. The paper concludes with a consideration of next steps for CSAP and others in order to advance the understanding of program fidelity and adaptation balance in substance abuse prevention. The executive summary is appended. (Contains 121 references.) (GCP) Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 108 KW - Adaptation Concept KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Program Design KW - Prevention KW - Substance Abuse KW - Scientific Research KW - Program Implementation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62229750?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - 2002 Conference Edition. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Achieving Outcomes: A Practitioner's Guide to Effective Prevention. 2002 Conference Edition. AN - 62227723; ED469593 AB - This guide presents a capacity building framework and process for demonstrating and documenting prevention outcomes. Achieving Outcomes was developed by the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP) in response to requests from the prevention field for guidance in selecting and implementing science-based prevention programs. The guide is organized conceptually around a framework called a program logic model. The components of the model are the five chapters of the guide: (1) needs and assets assessment, (2) capacity building, (3) program selection, (4) implementation and assessment, and (5) final evaluation. Each chapter is graphically represented as well by a component logic model, or conceptual map, of the activities that make up the chapter. It is hoped that the guide will keep practitioners focused on authentic goals and objectives, enabling them to select an appropriate intervention that--when properly implemented, measured, and evaluated--will lead to behavioral change and, ultimately, substance abuse prevention and/or reduction. This guide seeks to help ensure that what practitioners are doing in the prevention field leads to measurable change for their chosen population, policy, or neighborhood of interest. (Contains 45 references.) (GCP) Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 155 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Evaluation Methods KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Prevention KW - Substance Abuse KW - Program Implementation KW - Program Evaluation KW - Needs Assessment KW - Outcomes of Treatment KW - Models UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62227723?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Produced with the collaboration of the Community A N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Comparison Matrix of Science-Based Prevention Programs: A Consumer's Guide for Prevention Professionals. 2002 Conference Edition. AN - 62226741; ED469592 AB - Selecting an effective prevention program for a comprehensive intervention can be a daunting task. Not only must the program address the specific needs and assets of the defined population, but also there should be a level of confidence about its ability to produce positive outcomes regardless of differing settings and differing populations. The Comparison Matrix presented in this document is a table listing some 150 substance abuse and other problem behavior prevention programs that have been rated according to their effectiveness by five Federal agencies . The Comparison Matrix is intended for use by professionals in the field who wish to identify science-based prevention programs for implementation or for further research purposes. The Comparison Matrix consists of ratings or evaluations of prevention programs made by the Federal agencies that are most widely recognized as offering credible science-based assessments of prevention programs. The assessment criteria used by the various agencies is described in the appendix to indicate the differing approaches or perspectives of the rating agencies. (GCP) Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 41 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Policymakers KW - Program Descriptions KW - Evaluation Methods KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Prevention KW - Substance Abuse KW - Scientific Research KW - Standards KW - Program Evaluation KW - Behavior Problems KW - Models UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62226741?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From Publication to Public Action: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Perspectives on Ethnicity and Race-Related Outcomes Research AN - 60461211; 200319449 AB - The concluding article of a special issue on "Improving Health Outcomes in Diverse and Vulnerable Populations" focuses on the accomplishments & future directions of the Centers for Medical Treatment Effectiveness in Diverse Populations (MEDTEP). Emphasis is placed on the need to translate findings from ethnic- & race-related outcomes research into public action. Recent international recognition of the importance of inequalities in health care is noted, along with new research on the outcomes of health care associated with race & ethnicity, & the need for collaboration among researchers in order to move from research findings to actual improvements in health. A description of specific contributions the MEDTEP program has made to minority health focuses on documentation of the existence of disparities, understanding their causes & contributing factors, & identifying ways to eliminate them. It is concluded that completion of the MEDTEP program marks the beginning of a concerted effort to continue to identify differences & effective interventions; develop new ways to eliminate inequities; & actively promote the move from publication to public action. 19 References. J. Lindroth JF - Ethnicity & Health AU - Clancy, Carolyn AU - Stryer, Daniel AU - Eisenberg, John M AD - Agency Healthcare Research & Quality, Rockville, MD cclancy@ahrq.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 287 EP - 290 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 1355-7858, 1355-7858 KW - Health Research KW - Ethnicity KW - Race KW - Medical Research KW - Health KW - Health Care Services KW - article KW - 2045: sociology of health and medicine; sociology of medicine & health care UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60461211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethnicity+%26+Health&rft.atitle=From+Publication+to+Public+Action%3A+Agency+for+Healthcare+Research+and+Quality+%28AHRQ%29+Perspectives+on+Ethnicity+and+Race-Related+Outcomes+Research&rft.au=Clancy%2C+Carolyn%3BStryer%2C+Daniel%3BEisenberg%2C+John+M&rft.aulast=Clancy&rft.aufirst=Carolyn&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ethnicity+%26+Health&rft.issn=13557858&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F1355785022000060745 LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - ETHEFR N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Health Care Services; Ethnicity; Race; Medical Research; Health; Health Research DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1355785022000060745 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The concentrations of arsenic and other toxic elements in Bangladesh's drinking water AN - 51770489; 2005-003879 AB - For drinking water, the people of Bangladesh used to rely on surface water, which was often contaminated with bacteria causing diarrhea, cholera, typhoid, and other life-threatening diseases. To reduce the incidences of these diseases, millions of tubewells were installed in Bangladesh since independence in 1971. This recent transition from surface water to groundwater has significantly reduced deaths from waterborne pathogens; however, new evidence suggests disease and death from arsenic (As) and other toxic elements in groundwater are affecting large areas of Bangladesh. In this evaluation, the areal and vertical distribution of As and 29 other inorganic chemicals in groundwater were determined throughout Bangladesh. This study of 30 analytes per sample and 112 samples suggests that the most significant health risk from drinking Bangladesh's tubewell water is chronic As poisoning. The As concentration ranged from <0.0007 to 0.64 mg/L, with 48% of samples above the 0.01 mg/L World Health Organization drinking water guideline. Furthermore, this study reveals unsafe levels of manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr). Our survey also suggests that groundwater with unsafe levels of As, Mn, Pb, Ni and Cr may extend beyond Bangladesh's border into the four adjacent and densely populated states in India. In addition to the health risks from individual toxins, possible multimetal synergistic and inhibitory effects are discussed. Antimony was detected in 98% of the samples from this study and magnifies the toxic effects of As. In contrast, Se and Zn were below our detection limits in large parts of Bangladesh and prevent the toxic effects of As. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Frisbie, Seth H AU - Ortega, Richard AU - Maynard, Donald M AU - Sarkar, Bibudhendra Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 1147 EP - 1153 PB - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Research Triangle Park, NC VL - 110 IS - 11 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - water supply KW - pollutants KW - arsenic KW - pollution KW - drinking water KW - ground water KW - Indian Peninsula KW - metals KW - Asia KW - water resources KW - heavy metals KW - Bangladesh KW - public health KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51770489?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+concentrations+of+arsenic+and+other+toxic+elements+in+Bangladesh%27s+drinking+water&rft.au=Frisbie%2C+Seth+H%3BOrtega%2C+Richard%3BMaynard%2C+Donald+M%3BSarkar%2C+Bibudhendra&rft.aulast=Frisbie&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jstor.org/journals/00916765.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 45 N1 - PubXState - NC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arsenic; Asia; Bangladesh; drinking water; ground water; heavy metals; Indian Peninsula; metals; pollutants; pollution; public health; water resources; water supply ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of hyperthyroidism on rat lung cytokine production and nuclear factor- Kappa B activation following ozone exposure AN - 19262742; 5826635 AB - Results from previous studies indicate that hyperthyroidism increases the risk of ozone-induced lung toxicity. To better understand the processes that might contribute to the increased pulmonary inflammatory response to ozone in hyperthyroidism, we evaluated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of selected cytokines in control and hyperthyroid rats after exposure to air or ozone. In addition, we assessed whether there is a relative increase in nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- Kappa B) binding activity in cells harvested by bronchoalveolar lavage from hyperthyroid rats following the inhalation of ozone. A hyperthyroid condition was induced by the administration of thyroxine (0.5 mg/kg body weight) for 7 days. Control rats received vehicle injections. The animals were then exposed by inhalation to air or ozone (2 ppm for 3 h) and studied 18 h following the exposure. Bronchoalveolar lavage levels of MIP-2 and MCP-1 were increased in both control and hyperthyroid rats by ozone exposure. However, the increases in hyperthyroid rats were much greater, MIP-2 1.5-fold and MCP-1 11-fold, when compared to levels in controls following ozone. These changes appeared to be relatively specific; bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-4, and IL-10 were generally low or nondetectable across all of the studied groups at the 18-h postexposure time point. We also found that NF- Kappa B binding activity was increased at both 4 and 18 h following ozone exposure in bronchoalveolar lavage cell extracts from hyperthyroid rats relative to the activity in control samples. Collectively, these results suggest that mechanisms contributing to the enhanced pulmonary inflammatory response to ozone in a hyperthyroid state include an increase in NF- Kappa B activation and an upregulation of chemokine production. JF - Inhalation Toxicology AU - Huffman, L J AU - Prugh, D J AU - Brumbaugh, K AU - Ding, M AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 1161 EP - 1174 PB - Taylor & Francis Inc. VL - 14 IS - 11 SN - 0895-8378, 0895-8378 KW - rats KW - cytokines KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Lung KW - NF-^KB protein KW - Hyperthyroidism KW - Ozone KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19262742?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inhalation+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+hyperthyroidism+on+rat+lung+cytokine+production+and+nuclear+factor-+Kappa+B+activation+following+ozone+exposure&rft.au=Huffman%2C+L+J%3BPrugh%2C+D+J%3BBrumbaugh%2C+K%3BDing%2C+M&rft.aulast=Huffman&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Inhalation+Toxicology&rft.issn=08958378&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - NF-^KB protein; Ozone; Lung; Hyperthyroidism; Inhalation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Digestibility of Food Allergens and Nonallergenic Proteins in Simulated Gastric Fluid and Simulated Intestinal Fluid-A Comparative Study AN - 19152830; 5757021 AB - Information on the comparative digestibility of food allergens and nonallergenic proteins is crucial when stability to digestion is to be used as a criterion to assess the allergenic potential of novel proteins. In this work, we compared the digestive stability of a number of food allergens and proteins of unproven allergenicity and examined whether allergens possess a higher stability than nonallergenic proteins of similar cellular functions, and whether there is a correlation between protein digestibility and allergenicity. The stability of groups of storage proteins, plant lectins, contractile proteins, and enzymes, both allergens and proteins with unproven allergenicity, in a standard simulated gastric fluid and a standard simulated intestinal fluid was measured. Food allergens were not necessarily more resistant to digestion than nonallergenic proteins. There was not a clear relationship between digestibility measured in vitro and protein allergenicity. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Fu, Tong-Jen AU - Abbott, U R AU - Hatzos, C AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration and Illinois Institute of Technology, National Center for Food Safety and Technology, Summit-Argo, IL 60501, USA Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 7154 EP - 7160 VL - 50 IS - 24 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Gastric juice KW - Allergens KW - Food KW - Intestine KW - Enzymes KW - Proteins KW - Lectins KW - W4 330:Biopolymers & Food Biotechnology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19152830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Digestibility+of+Food+Allergens+and+Nonallergenic+Proteins+in+Simulated+Gastric+Fluid+and+Simulated+Intestinal+Fluid-A+Comparative+Study&rft.au=Fu%2C+Tong-Jen%3BAbbott%2C+U+R%3BHatzos%2C+C&rft.aulast=Fu&rft.aufirst=Tong-Jen&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=7154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fjf020599h LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Food; Allergens; Gastric juice; Intestine; Proteins; Lectins; Enzymes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf020599h ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Classification of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-metabolizing bacterium, Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1, as Mycobacterium vanbaalenii sp. nov AN - 18719090; 5602434 AB - A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-utilizing Mycobacterium strain, PYR-1(T), was isolated from petroleum-contaminated estuarine sediments and has been shown by 16S rRNA gene sequencing to be closely related to Mycobacterium aurum ATCC 23366(T) and Mycobacterium vaccae ATCC 15438(T). In this investigation, the 16S rDNA, fatty acid methyl esters, DNA--DNA hybridization, PFGE analysis of restriction-digested total genomic DNA and biochemical tests were used to determine the taxonomic relationship of strain PYR-1(T) to other closely related Mycobacterium species. The sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of strain PYR-1(T) was similar to that of Mycobacterium austroafricanum ATCC 33464(T), except for one gap at position 43. Fatty acid methyl ester analysis also showed similarity to M. austroafricanum ATCC 33464(T); however, the Euclidean distance was greater than 4.0, indicating that these strains were not identical. Dot-blot DNA--DNA hybridization of strain PYR-1(T) with M. austroafricanum indicated less than 40% relatedness. When the total chromosomal DNA of M. aurum ATCC 23366(T), M. austroafricanum ATCC 33464(T) and strain PYR-1(T) was digested with restriction enzyme XbaI and analysed by PFGE, all three organisms gave different restriction patterns. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that the reverse-phase HPLC elution profiles of mycolic acids of strain PYR-1(T) and M. austroafricanum ATCC 33464(T) have different patterns. Based on phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences, fatty acid analysis, DNA--DNA hybridization and PFGE analysis and physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is concluded that strain PYR-1(T) (=DSM 7251(T)=NRRL B-24157(T)) represents a novel species of the genus Mycobacterium, for which the name Mycobacterium vanbaalenii sp. nov. is proposed. JF - International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology AU - Khan, A A AU - Kim, S-J AU - Paine, D D AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 1997 EP - 2002 VL - 52 IS - 6 SN - 1466-5026, 1466-5026 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Genetics Abstracts KW - A 01063:Utilization KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18719090?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Classification+of+a+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbon-metabolizing+bacterium%2C+Mycobacterium+sp.+strain+PYR-1%2C+as+Mycobacterium+vanbaalenii+sp.+nov&rft.au=Khan%2C+A+A%3BKim%2C+S-J%3BPaine%2C+D+D%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1997&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.issn=14665026&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Persistent organic pollutants exposure assessment using the US Total Diet Study AN - 18691198; 5585660 AB - The assessment presented in the core paper of this debate by Schafer and Kegley does not adequately describe the computational methodology or sources of data that were used to estimate exposures. While it is difficult to determine from the article, the exposure estimates seem to be very dependent on action levels, rather than on empirically derived data. There is no adequate presentation of analytical methods, limits of detection, or the significance of non-detects in deriving estimates of exposure. JF - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health AU - Bolger, P M AU - Egan, K AU - Jensen, E AU - Canady, R AD - Division of Risk Assessment, US Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740-3835, USA, Philip.Bolger@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 818 EP - 819 VL - 56 IS - 11 SN - 0143-005X, 0143-005X KW - exposure KW - persistent organic pollutants KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18691198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Epidemiology+and+Community+Health&rft.atitle=Persistent+organic+pollutants+exposure+assessment+using+the+US+Total+Diet+Study&rft.au=Bolger%2C+P+M%3BEgan%2C+K%3BJensen%2C+E%3BCanady%2C+R&rft.aulast=Bolger&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=818&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Epidemiology+and+Community+Health&rft.issn=0143005X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticide Use and Practices in an Iowa Farm Family Pesticide Exposure Study AN - 18652901; 5558883 AB - Residents of Iowa were enrolled in a study investigating differences in pesticide contamination and exposure factors between 25 farm homes and 25 non-farm homes. The target pesticides investigated were atrazine, metolachlor, acetochlor, alachlor, 2,4-D, glyphosate, and chlorpyrifos; all were applied to either corn or soybean crops. A questionnaire was administered to all participants to determine residential pesticide use in and around the home. In addition, a questionnaire was administered to the farmers to determine the agricultural pesticides they used on the farm and their application practices. Non-agricultural pesticides were used more in and around farm homes than non-farm homes. Atrazine was the agricultural pesticide used most by farmers. Most farmers applied pesticides themselves but only 10 (59%) used tractors with enclosed cabs, and they typically wore little personal protective equipment (PPE). On almost every farm, more than one agricultural pesticide was applied. Corn was grown by 23 (92%) farmers and soybeans by 12 (48%) farmers. Of these, 10 (40%) grew both soybeans and corn, with only 2 (8%) growing only soybeans and 13 (52%) growing only corn. The majority of farmers changed from their work clothes and shoes in the home, and when they changed outside or in the garage, they usually brought their clothes and shoes inside. Applying pesticides using tractors with open cabs, not wearing PPE, and changing from work clothes in the home may increase pesticide exposure and contamination. Almost half of the 66 farm children less than 16 years of age were engaged in some form of farm chores, with 6 (9%) potentially directly exposed to pesticides, while only 2 (4%) of the 52 non-farm children less than 16 years of age had farm chores, and none were directly exposed to pesticides. Farm homes may be contaminated with pesticides in several ways, resulting in potentially more contamination than non-farm homes, and farm children may be directly exposed to pesticides through farm chores involving pesticides. In addition to providing a description of pesticide use, the data presented here will be useful in evaluating potential contributing factors to household pesticide contamination and family exposure. JF - Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health AU - Curwin, B AU - Sanderson, W AU - Reynolds, S AU - Hein, M AU - Alavanja, M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway MS R-14, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA, bcurwin@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 423 EP - 433 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - farming KW - man KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - H 5000:Pesticides KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18652901?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Pesticide+Use+and+Practices+in+an+Iowa+Farm+Family+Pesticide+Exposure+Study&rft.au=Curwin%2C+B%3BSanderson%2C+W%3BReynolds%2C+S%3BHein%2C+M%3BAlavanja%2C+M&rft.aulast=Curwin&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In Vitro Antibacterial Activities of Phloxine B and Other Halogenated Fluoresceins against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus AN - 18605189; 5466871 AB - Fluorescein dyes in which the benzoic acid moiety has been tetrachlorinated (50 to 100 mu g/ml) inhibit in vitro Staphylococcus aureus growth (MIC, 25 mu g/ml). Specifically, under standard room illumination, phloxine B at a concentration of 100 mu g/ml killed 99% of the cultures (mid-log phase). It also reduced S. aureus CFU by 10. Structure-activity analysis revealed that the activity against S. aureus increases with the increase in the number of the substituting halogens in the hydroxyxanthene moiety. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Rasooly, A AU - Weisz, A AD - Office of Cosmetics and Colors, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, HFS-126, 200 C St., S.W., Washington, DC 20204, aweisz@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 3650 EP - 3653 VL - 46 IS - 11 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - methicillin KW - phloxine B KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18605189?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=In+Vitro+Antibacterial+Activities+of+Phloxine+B+and+Other+Halogenated+Fluoresceins+against+Methicillin-Resistant+Staphylococcus+aureus&rft.au=Rasooly%2C+A%3BWeisz%2C+A&rft.aulast=Rasooly&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3650&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAAC.46.11.3650-3653.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.46.11.3650-3653.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and employment by industry and occupation in the US population: a study of data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. AN - 72155599; 12370162 AB - Data from the US population-based Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted from 1988 to 1994, were used to estimate the population prevalence, prevalence odds ratios, and attributable fractions for the association of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with employment by industry and occupation. The aim was to identify industries and occupations at increased risk of COPD. COPD was defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1))/forced vital capacity <70% and FEV(1 )<80% predicted. The authors used SUDAAN software (Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina) to estimate the weighted population prevalence and odds ratios using 9,823 subjects aged 30-75 years who underwent lung function tests. Odds ratios for COPD, adjusted for age, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, body mass index, education, and socioeconomic status, were increased for the following industries: rubber, plastics, and leather manufacturing; utilities; office building services; textile mill products manufacturing; the armed forces; food products manufacturing; repair services and gas stations; agriculture; sales; construction; transportation and trucking; personal services; and health care. Occupations associated with increased odds ratios for COPD were freight, stock, and material handlers; records processing and distribution clerks; sales; transportation-related occupations; machine operators; construction trades; and waitresses. The fraction of COPD attributable to work was estimated as 19.2% overall and 31.1% among never smokers. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Hnizdo, Eva AU - Sullivan, Patricia A AU - Bang, Ki Moon AU - Wagner, Gregory AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Exh6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 15 SP - 738 EP - 746 VL - 156 IS - 8 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Index Medicus KW - Software KW - Odds Ratio KW - Social Class KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Prevalence KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Employment -- statistics & numerical data KW - Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive -- epidemiology KW - Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive -- economics KW - Occupations -- statistics & numerical data KW - Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72155599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Association+between+chronic+obstructive+pulmonary+disease+and+employment+by+industry+and+occupation+in+the+US+population%3A+a+study+of+data+from+the+Third+National+Health+and+Nutrition+Examination+Survey.&rft.au=Hnizdo%2C+Eva%3BSullivan%2C+Patricia+A%3BBang%2C+Ki+Moon%3BWagner%2C+Gregory&rft.aulast=Hnizdo&rft.aufirst=Eva&rft.date=2002-10-15&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=738&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Applying the biopharmaceutics classification system to veterinary pharmaceutical products. Part II. Physiological considerations. AN - 72147343; 12363433 AB - In comparing product bioavailability across animal species, it is not unusual to observe marked interspecies differences. For many compounds, these differences reflect presystemic drug metabolism. However, a host of other variables must also be considered such as in vivo drug solubility, gastric transit time, intestinal permeability, diet, and species-by-formulation interactions. By combining information on drug solubility and intestinal permeability with an understanding of the interrelationship between pH, product dissolution and gastrointestinal physiology, we attempt to define those conditions under which in vitro dissolution data may be used as a surrogate for data on in vivo bioavailability. We consider the likely physiological causes for species-related differences in the absolute and relative bioavailability of orally administered pharmaceuticals, and examine the potential for these normal interspecies differences to reflect bioavailability changes that can occur with various human pathologies. JF - Advanced drug delivery reviews AU - Martinez, Marilyn AU - Amidon, Gordon AU - Clarke, Lane AU - Jones, Wendelyn Warren AU - Mitra, Ashim AU - Riviere, Jim AD - Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20855, USA. mmartin1@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/10/04/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 04 SP - 825 EP - 850 VL - 54 IS - 6 SN - 0169-409X, 0169-409X KW - Veterinary Drugs KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Solubility KW - Humans KW - Intestinal Absorption KW - Species Specificity KW - Gastrointestinal Transit KW - Biological Availability KW - Digestive System Physiological Phenomena KW - Animal Feed KW - Veterinary Drugs -- pharmacokinetics KW - Veterinary Drugs -- chemistry KW - Food-Drug Interactions KW - Veterinary Drugs -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72147343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advanced+drug+delivery+reviews&rft.atitle=Applying+the+biopharmaceutics+classification+system+to+veterinary+pharmaceutical+products.+Part+II.+Physiological+considerations.&rft.au=Martinez%2C+Marilyn%3BAmidon%2C+Gordon%3BClarke%2C+Lane%3BJones%2C+Wendelyn+Warren%3BMitra%2C+Ashim%3BRiviere%2C+Jim&rft.aulast=Martinez&rft.aufirst=Marilyn&rft.date=2002-10-04&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advanced+drug+delivery+reviews&rft.issn=0169409X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Summary health statistics for the U.S. population: National Health Interview Survey, 1998. AN - 72928526; 15789509 AB - This report presents health statistics from the 1998 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) for the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States, classified by age, sex, race and Hispanic origin, poverty status, family income, education, place of residence, region of residence, and, where appropriate, health insurance coverage. The topics covered are health status and limitations of activity, injuries and poisonings, health care access and utilization, and health insurance coverage. The NHIS is a multistage probability sample survey conducted annually by interviewers of the U.S. Census Bureau for the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and is representative of the civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. population. Data are collected during face-to-face interviews with adults present at the time of interview. Information about children and absent adults is obtained from an adult proxy respondent. Nearly 40% of Americans reported having excellent health in 1998, while almost 9% reported having either fair or poor health. Fifteen percent of the U.S. population did not have any health insurance coverage in 1998. Nineteen percent of non-Hispanic black persons and 33% of Hispanics were uninsured in 1998, as opposed to 11% of non-Hispanic white persons. Further, 46% of poor Hispanics and 44% of near-poor Hispanics under age 65 years were uninsured; percents of uninsurance among poor and near poor non-Hispanic white and black persons under age 65 years were much lower. Lastly, 80% of non-Hispanic white persons under age 65 years had private health insurance coverage, as opposed to 55% of non-Hispanic black persons and 49% of Hispanics in this same age category. JF - Vital and health statistics. Series 10, Data from the National Health Survey AU - Blackwell, Debra L AU - Tonthat, Luong AD - Division of Health Interview Statistics, Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1 EP - 93 IS - 207 SN - 0083-1972, 0083-1972 KW - Index Medicus KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Age Factors KW - Educational Status KW - Sex Factors KW - Insurance, Health -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Activities of Daily Living KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Residence Characteristics -- statistics & numerical data KW - Population Surveillance KW - Continental Population Groups -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adult KW - Income -- statistics & numerical data KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Hospitalization -- statistics & numerical data KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Poverty -- statistics & numerical data KW - Male KW - Female KW - Health Status UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72928526?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vital+and+health+statistics.+Series+10%2C+Data+from+the+National+Health+Survey&rft.atitle=Summary+health+statistics+for+the+U.S.+population%3A+National+Health+Interview+Survey%2C+1998.&rft.au=Blackwell%2C+Debra+L%3BTonthat%2C+Luong&rft.aulast=Blackwell&rft.aufirst=Debra&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=207&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vital+and+health+statistics.+Series+10%2C+Data+from+the+National+Health+Survey&rft.issn=00831972&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-12 N1 - Date created - 2005-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intratumor administration of interleukin 13 receptor-targeted cytotoxin induces apoptotic cell death in human malignant glioma tumor xenografts. AN - 72775928; 12481422 AB - Apoptosis is not only essential for homeostasis in normal cells but also in cancer cells, in which it is associated with cell death mechanisms caused by novel therapeutics. We have previously reported that interleukin-13 receptors (IL-13R) are constitutively overexpressed on a majority of human malignant glioma cell lines and primary cell cultures. In addition, we have reported that IL-13 cytotoxin, comprised of human IL-13 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin, is highly and specifically cytotoxic to these cells and can lead to pronounced antitumor activity in malignant glioma tumors in animal models. However, the molecular mechanisms of tumor cytotoxicity induced by IL-13 cytotoxin are poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that glioma tumors undergo apoptotic cell death on intratumoral administration of IL-13 cytotoxin. This conclusion was made based on (a) time-dependent induction of several proapoptotic molecules, such as caspases (caspase-3, -8, and -9) in tumors; (b) cleavage of procaspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP); and (c) the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytosol on injection of IL-13 cytotoxin in U251 glioblastoma tumors established in immunodeficient animals. These indicators of two major pathways of apoptosis were detected in tumors even though IL-13 cytotoxin was no longer present in tumors. In addition, we found that inducible nitric oxide was expressed in tumors in a time-dependent manner with primary localization in infiltrating phagocytes after treatment with IL-13 cytotoxin. These studies demonstrate that IL-13 cytotoxin mediates apoptotic death of glioma cells, resulting in regression of established tumors. Our studies will help unravel the molecular pathways of cell death associated with tumor regression and provide additional insight and define apoptosis as possible surrogate marker of tumor response. JF - Molecular cancer therapeutics AU - Kawakami, Mariko AU - Kawakami, Koji AU - Puri, Raj K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, NIH Building 29B, Room 2NN10, 29 Lincoln Drive MSC4555, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 999 EP - 1007 VL - 1 IS - 12 SN - 1535-7163, 1535-7163 KW - Cytochrome c Group KW - 0 KW - Cytotoxins KW - Enzyme Precursors KW - IL13RA1 protein, human KW - Il13ra1 protein, mouse KW - Interleukin-13 KW - Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha1 Subunit KW - Receptors, Interleukin KW - Receptors, Interleukin-13 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases KW - EC 2.4.2.30 KW - CASP3 protein, human KW - EC 3.4.22.- KW - Casp3 protein, mouse KW - Caspase 3 KW - Caspases KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Apoptosis KW - Enzyme Precursors -- metabolism KW - Interleukin-13 -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Nitric Oxide -- metabolism KW - Mice, Nude KW - Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases -- metabolism KW - Caspases -- metabolism KW - Interleukin-13 -- pharmacology KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Cytochrome c Group -- metabolism KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Cytosol -- metabolism KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- therapy KW - Subcellular Fractions KW - Mice KW - Neoplasm Transplantation KW - In Situ Nick-End Labeling KW - Blotting, Western KW - Cell Death KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Glioma -- pathology KW - Cytotoxins -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Interleukin -- therapeutic use KW - Receptors, Interleukin -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72775928?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+cancer+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Intratumor+administration+of+interleukin+13+receptor-targeted+cytotoxin+induces+apoptotic+cell+death+in+human+malignant+glioma+tumor+xenografts.&rft.au=Kawakami%2C+Mariko%3BKawakami%2C+Koji%3BPuri%2C+Raj+K&rft.aulast=Kawakami&rft.aufirst=Mariko&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=999&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+cancer+therapeutics&rft.issn=15357163&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implications of the new FDA/CDER immunotoxicology guidance for drugs. AN - 72690302; 12433062 AB - Although it has long been recognized that drugs, like other xenobiotics, could have adverse effects on immune function, historically, the assessment of the immunotoxic potential of pharmaceuticals has been undertaken in a haphazard fashion. Typically, studies have been conducted either after adverse effects were observed in clinical trials or if obvious signs of immunotoxicity were seen in nonclinical studies. This situation is changing with the promulgation of new guidances and guidelines by various regulatory agencies, especially in those countries involved in the ICH process. It is anticipated that studies conducted to comply with these regulatory requirements will result in a much better understanding of the immunotoxic potential of pharmaceuticals. In addition, new methods are likely to be developed for detecting drug-induced adverse immune effects. In particular, better methods need to be developed for the prospective identification of drugs which have the potential to induce allergic reactions. In this review, the essential points of the new FDA/CDER guidance document will be discussed, especially with respect to promotion of research into issues such as drug allergy. JF - International immunopharmacology AU - Hastings, Kenneth L AU - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration AD - Division of Special Pathogen and Immunologic Drug Products, Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, 20857, USA. hastingsk@cder.fda.gov ; Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1613 EP - 1618 VL - 2 IS - 11 SN - 1567-5769, 1567-5769 KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic KW - 0 KW - Immunosuppressive Agents KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Drug Hypersensitivity -- immunology KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic -- toxicity KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Immunosuppressive Agents -- toxicity KW - Allergy and Immunology -- standards KW - Toxicology -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72690302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+immunopharmacology&rft.atitle=Implications+of+the+new+FDA%2FCDER+immunotoxicology+guidance+for+drugs.&rft.au=Hastings%2C+Kenneth+L%3BCenter+for+Drug+Evaluation+and+Research%2C+US+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aulast=Hastings&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1613&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+immunopharmacology&rft.issn=15675769&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro pharmacodynamics of CKD-602 in HT-29 cells. AN - 72669613; 12433211 AB - CKD-602 (7-[2-(N-isopropylamino)ethyl]-(20S)-camptothecin) is a recently-developed synthetic camptothecin analogue and currently under clinical development by Chong Kun Dang Pharm (Seoul, Korea). CKD-602 showed potent topoisomerase inhibitory activity in vitro and broad antitumor activity against various human tumor cells in vitro and in vivo in animal models. This study describes the pharmacodynamics of the immediate and delayed cytotoxicity induced by CKD-602 in a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line, HT-29, and its intracellular drug accumulation by HPLC. The present study was designed to address whether the higher activity of CKD-602 with prolonged exposure is due to delayed exhibition of cytotoxicity and/or an accumulation of antiproliferative effect on continuous drug exposure. The drug uptake study was performed to determine whether the delayed cytotoxicity is due to a slow drug accumulation in cells. CKD-602 produced a cytotoxicity that was exhibited immediately after treatment (immediate effect) and after treatment had been terminated (delayed effect). Both the immediate and delayed effects of CKD-602 showed a time dependent decrease in IC50 values. Drug uptake was biphasic and the second equilibrium level was obtained as early as at 24 hr, indicating that the cumulative and delayed antitumor effects of CKD-602 were not due to slow drug uptake. On the other hand, CKD-602 treatment was sufficient to induce delayed cytotoxicity after 4 hr, however, longer treatment (>24 hr) enhanced its cytotoxicity due to the intracellular accumulation of the drug, which requires 24 hr to reach maximum equilibrium concentration. In addition, Cn x T=h analysis (n=0.481) indicated that increased exposure times may contribute more to the overall antitumor activity of CKD-602 than drug concentration. Additional studies to determine the details of the intracellular uptake kinetics (e.g., concentration dependency and retention studies) are needed in order to identify the optimal treatment schedules for the successful clinical development of CKD-602. JF - Archives of pharmacal research AU - Park, In-Sook AU - Ahn, Mee Ryung AU - Suh, Soo Kyung AU - Choi, Hong-Serck AU - Sohn, Soo Jung AU - Yang, Ji Sun AU - Yoo, Tae Moo AU - Kuh, Hyo-Jeong AD - Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Eunpyung-ku. Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 718 EP - 723 VL - 25 IS - 5 SN - 0253-6269, 0253-6269 KW - belotecan KW - 27Z82M2G1N KW - Camptothecin KW - XT3Z54Z28A KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - HT29 Cells KW - Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor -- methods KW - Camptothecin -- pharmacology KW - Camptothecin -- pharmacokinetics KW - Camptothecin -- toxicity KW - Camptothecin -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72669613?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+pharmacal+research&rft.atitle=In+vitro+pharmacodynamics+of+CKD-602+in+HT-29+cells.&rft.au=Park%2C+In-Sook%3BAhn%2C+Mee+Ryung%3BSuh%2C+Soo+Kyung%3BChoi%2C+Hong-Serck%3BSohn%2C+Soo+Jung%3BYang%2C+Ji+Sun%3BYoo%2C+Tae+Moo%3BKuh%2C+Hyo-Jeong&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=In-Sook&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=718&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+pharmacal+research&rft.issn=02536269&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-22 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Arch Pharm Res. 2002 Dec;25(6):989 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazard identification in occupational injury: reflections on standard epidemiologic methods. AN - 72635963; 12412854 AB - To prevent workplace injuries, epidemiologic research must continue to progress beyond methods originally used for acute or chronic diseases. For injury research, exposure assessment requires increased sophistication because exposures comprise multiple, transient factors and complex work activities. Frequently reported risk factors such as age, gender, seniority, or prior injury are often confounders or effect-modifiers of unknown exposures. Injury rate calculations across nominal categories, e.g., department or job classification, identify where hazards are concentrated but provide little insight into their nature; injury counts often perform almost as well. Calculation of rates in relation to time actually spent in plausible etiologic exposure conditions usually is not feasible. Generalization of the Haddon approach for individual injury events to systematically analyze injury case series can identify both the mechanism of injury and the relative occurrences of high-risk conditions. In some contexts, case-crossover designs may elucidate injury causation. National databases and information systems of employers, insurers, and equipment suppliers could contribute case series for injury hazard identification. By enhancing exposure assessment through a focus on case series, epidemiologic research can expand its contribution to preventing workplace injuries. JF - International journal of occupational and environmental health AU - Park, Robert M AD - Education and Information Division, Risk Evaluation Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. rhp9@cdc.gov PY - 2002 SP - 354 EP - 362 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 1077-3525, 1077-3525 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72635963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Hazard+identification+in+occupational+injury%3A+reflections+on+standard+epidemiologic+methods.&rft.au=Park%2C+Robert+M&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=354&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=10773525&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Work-related exacerbation of asthma. AN - 72630683; 12412844 AB - Adults with asthma who had been enrolled in an HMO for at least a year were requested to complete a questionnaire about their health status. Approximately 25% of the 1,461 participants responded positively to "Does your current work environment make your asthma worse?" and were classified as having workplace exacerbation of asthma. Those with workplace exacerbation were more likely to have never attended college, be current or former smokers, have a history of other respiratory diseases, have missed work or usual activities at least one day in the past for weeks, and report their asthma was moderate, severe, or very severe. Percentages with workplace exacerbation of asthma were highest for mining and construction (36%), wholesale and retail trade (33%), and public administration (33%), and lowest for educational services (22%), finance, insurance, and real estate (22%), and non-medical and non-educational services (18%). Future studies are needed for objective validation of self-reported workplace exacerbation, and to follow subjects prospectively to clarify the temporal sequence of workplace exacerbation and asthma severity, and how other respiratory conditions and smoking might contribute to work-related worsening of asthma. JF - International journal of occupational and environmental health AU - Henneberger, Paul K AU - Hoffman, Christopher D AU - Magid, David J AU - Lyons, Ella E AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. pkh0@cdc.gov PY - 2002 SP - 291 EP - 296 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 1077-3525, 1077-3525 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Health Maintenance Organizations KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Occupations KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Workplace KW - Asthma -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72630683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Work-related+exacerbation+of+asthma.&rft.au=Henneberger%2C+Paul+K%3BHoffman%2C+Christopher+D%3BMagid%2C+David+J%3BLyons%2C+Ella+E&rft.aulast=Henneberger&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=10773525&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Feasibility issues in reproductive biomonitoring of female flight attendants and teachers. AN - 72533139; 12391774 AB - Flight attendants (FAs) may be at risk of adverse reproductive outcomes. We investigated the feasibility of biomonitoring studies in this mobile workforce. Forty-five female FAs and 26 female teachers (referents) collected daily urine and saliva samples for one menstrual cycle, provided daily diary data for approximately three months, and wore a wrist monitor to measure sleep disruption. A transport system enabled FAs to store samples while traveling. Overall, participation rates were low (37%) but of those recruited, over 90% of FAs and teachers completed the biomonitoring cycle. Data collection and sample integrity were not diminished by travel. Study methods resulted in good compliance and high quality data. It is possible to conduct studies of menstrual cycle function, sleep disruption, and circadian rhythm disruption in a mobile workforce potentially exposed to reproductive hazards. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Whelan, Elizabeth A AU - Grajewski, Barbara AU - Wood, Emily AU - Kwan, Lorna AU - Nguyen, Mimi AU - Schnorr, Teresa M AU - Knecht, Edwin A AU - Kesner, James S AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA. Ewhelan@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 947 EP - 955 VL - 44 IS - 10 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Index Medicus KW - Work Schedule Tolerance KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reference Values KW - Humans KW - Saliva -- chemistry KW - Risk Assessment KW - Sleep Wake Disorders KW - Feasibility Studies KW - Teaching KW - Circadian Rhythm KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Sampling Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Urine -- chemistry KW - Female KW - Reproduction -- physiology KW - Menstrual Cycle -- physiology KW - Aircraft KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Monitoring, Physiologic KW - Occupations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72533139?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Feasibility+issues+in+reproductive+biomonitoring+of+female+flight+attendants+and+teachers.&rft.au=Whelan%2C+Elizabeth+A%3BGrajewski%2C+Barbara%3BWood%2C+Emily%3BKwan%2C+Lorna%3BNguyen%2C+Mimi%3BSchnorr%2C+Teresa+M%3BKnecht%2C+Edwin+A%3BKesner%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Whelan&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=947&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First case of bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax in the United States, Palm Beach County, Florida, 2001. AN - 72519472; 12396910 AB - On October 4, 2001, we confirmed the first bioterrorism-related anthrax case identified in the United States in a resident of Palm Beach County, Florida. Epidemiologic investigation indicated that exposure occurred at the workplace through intentionally contaminated mail. One additional case of inhalational anthrax was identified from the index patient's workplace. Among 1,076 nasal cultures performed to assess exposure, Bacillus anthracis was isolated from a co-worker later confirmed as being infected, as well as from an asymptomatic mail-handler in the same workplace. Environmental cultures for B. anthracis showed contamination at the workplace and six county postal facilities. Environmental and nasal swab cultures were useful epidemiologic tools that helped direct the investigation towards the infection source and transmission vehicle. We identified 1,114 persons at risk and offered antimicrobial prophylaxis. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Traeger, Marc S AU - Wiersma, Steven T AU - Rosenstein, Nancy E AU - Malecki, Jean M AU - Shepard, Colin W AU - Raghunathan, Pratima L AU - Pillai, Segaran P AU - Popovic, Tanja AU - Quinn, Conrad P AU - Meyer, Richard F AU - Zaki, Sharif R AU - Kumar, Savita AU - Bruce, Sherrie M AU - Sejvar, James J AU - Dull, Peter M AU - Tierney, Bruce C AU - Jones, Joshua D AU - Perkins, Bradley A AU - Florida Investigation Team AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Marc.Traeger@mail.ihs.gov ; Florida Investigation Team Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1029 EP - 1034 VL - 8 IS - 10 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - Bacillus anthracis -- isolation & purification KW - Fatal Outcome KW - Humans KW - Nasopharynx -- microbiology KW - Workplace KW - Florida -- epidemiology KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Risk Factors KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Antibiotic Prophylaxis KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - Middle Aged KW - Female KW - Male KW - Anthrax -- diagnosis KW - Anthrax -- epidemiology KW - Anthrax -- transmission KW - Bioterrorism -- statistics & numerical data KW - Anthrax -- drug therapy KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72519472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=First+case+of+bioterrorism-related+inhalational+anthrax+in+the+United+States%2C+Palm+Beach+County%2C+Florida%2C+2001.&rft.au=Traeger%2C+Marc+S%3BWiersma%2C+Steven+T%3BRosenstein%2C+Nancy+E%3BMalecki%2C+Jean+M%3BShepard%2C+Colin+W%3BRaghunathan%2C+Pratima+L%3BPillai%2C+Segaran+P%3BPopovic%2C+Tanja%3BQuinn%2C+Conrad+P%3BMeyer%2C+Richard+F%3BZaki%2C+Sharif+R%3BKumar%2C+Savita%3BBruce%2C+Sherrie+M%3BSejvar%2C+James+J%3BDull%2C+Peter+M%3BTierney%2C+Bruce+C%3BJones%2C+Joshua+D%3BPerkins%2C+Bradley+A%3BFlorida+Investigation+Team&rft.aulast=Traeger&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1029&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Mil Med. 1999 Dec;164(12):833-7 [10628152] J Bacteriol. 2000 May;182(10):2928-36 [10781564] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Oct 19;50(41):889-93 [11686472] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1178-82 [12396935] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 16;50(45):1008-10 [11724158] Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Nov-Dec;7(6):933-44 [11747719] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1103-10 [12396924] N Engl J Med. 2001 Nov 29;345(22):1607-10 [11704685] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantification of multiple DNA adducts formed through oxidative stress using liquid chromatography and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. AN - 72196791; 12387628 AB - Damage to DNA can arise through covalent modification of bases by reaction with oxidants and products of lipid peroxidation derived through normal aerobic metabolism. Such premutagenic lesions, including 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG), pyrimido[1,2alpha]purine-10(3H)one-2'-deoxyribose (M1-dG), etheno-2'-deoxyadenosine (epsilon-dA), and etheno-2'-deoxycytidine (epsilon-dC), are believed to be important in the development of human cancers related to diet, disease states, and lifestyle. We report the development of a method for concurrent quantification of these four adducts in DNA hydrolysates of 100 microg or less using on-line sample preparation coupled with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The sensitive detection permitted adduct quantification at levels below one adduct in 10(8) normal nucleotides and measurement of these adducts in DNA from untreated rodent liver and normal human liver samples. This methodology should prove useful in hypothesis-driven studies of cancer etiology in laboratory animals and humans. JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Churchwell, Mona I AU - Beland, Frederick A AU - Doerge, Daniel R AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1295 EP - 1301 VL - 15 IS - 10 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - Oxidants KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Salmon KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization KW - Animals KW - Oxidants -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Testis -- chemistry KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Lipid Peroxidation KW - Male KW - DNA Adducts -- analysis KW - Oxidative Stress KW - DNA -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72196791?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Quantification+of+multiple+DNA+adducts+formed+through+oxidative+stress+using+liquid+chromatography+and+electrospray+tandem+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Churchwell%2C+Mona+I%3BBeland%2C+Frederick+A%3BDoerge%2C+Daniel+R&rft.aulast=Churchwell&rft.aufirst=Mona&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Approval summary: imatinib mesylate in the treatment of metastatic and/or unresectable malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors. AN - 72176903; 12374669 AB - Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec; Novartis, East Hanover, NJ)is a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved previously in 2001 by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis, accelerated phase, or in chronic phase after failure of IFN-alpha therapy. We review herein the clinical profile of this drug and the regulatory review leading to the approval of a supplemental New Drug Application for the treatment of metastatic and/or unresectable malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). We discuss the efficacy and side effects of imatinib mesylate in a Phase II trial of 147 patients with metastatic and/or unresectable malignant GISTs, the basis for marketing approval, and postmarketing commitments by the drug's manufacturer. Imatinib was assessed in a single, open-label trial involving one European center and three centers in the United States. Seventy-three patients were randomly allocated to receive 400 mg of imatinib daily, and 74 patients received 600 mg daily. At the study report cutoff date, an objective response was confirmed in 56 patients; the overall response rate for the combined study arms was 38% (95% confidence interval, 30-46%). These responses were all partial responses. There was no statistically significant difference in response rates between the two dose groups. Adverse events included edema, fluid retention, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, myalgias, skin rash, bone marrow suppression, bleeding, and elevations in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, or bilirubin. Bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract or intratumoral sites occurred in 7 patients (5%) and was not correlated with thrombocytopenia or tumor bulk. The pharmacokinetics of imatinib in GIST patients were similar to those of chronic myelogenous leukemia patients. On February 1, 2001, imatinib mesylate was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of malignant metastatic and/or unresectable GISTs. The recommended dose is 400 or 600 mg daily. JF - Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research AU - Dagher, Ramzi AU - Cohen, Martin AU - Williams, Gene AU - Rothmann, Mark AU - Gobburu, Jogarao AU - Robbie, Gabriel AU - Rahman, Atiqur AU - Chen, Gang AU - Staten, Ann AU - Griebel, Donna AU - Pazdur, Richard AD - Division of Oncology Drug Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. dagherr@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 3034 EP - 3038 VL - 8 IS - 10 SN - 1078-0432, 1078-0432 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Benzamides KW - Piperazines KW - Pyrimidines KW - Imatinib Mesylate KW - 8A1O1M485B KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit KW - EC 2.7.10.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit -- metabolism KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Drug Approval KW - Adult KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Middle Aged KW - Female KW - Male KW - Remission Induction KW - Pyrimidines -- adverse effects KW - Gastrointestinal Neoplasms -- surgery KW - Pyrimidines -- therapeutic use KW - Piperazines -- therapeutic use KW - Gastrointestinal Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Piperazines -- adverse effects KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Adenocarcinoma -- secondary KW - Gastrointestinal Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Stromal Cells -- metabolism KW - Adenocarcinoma -- drug therapy KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Stromal Cells -- pathology KW - Adenocarcinoma -- surgery UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72176903?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Approval+summary%3A+imatinib+mesylate+in+the+treatment+of+metastatic+and%2For+unresectable+malignant+gastrointestinal+stromal+tumors.&rft.au=Dagher%2C+Ramzi%3BCohen%2C+Martin%3BWilliams%2C+Gene%3BRothmann%2C+Mark%3BGobburu%2C+Jogarao%3BRobbie%2C+Gabriel%3BRahman%2C+Atiqur%3BChen%2C+Gang%3BStaten%2C+Ann%3BGriebel%2C+Donna%3BPazdur%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Dagher&rft.aufirst=Ramzi&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3034&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=10780432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutations induced by alpha-hydroxytamoxifen in the lacI and cII genes of Big Blue transgenic rats. AN - 72172217; 12376486 AB - The antiestrogen tamoxifen is widely used for the treatment of breast cancer and more recently for the prevention of breast cancer. A concern over the use of tamoxifen as a chemopreventive agent is its carcinogenicity in rat liver, through a genotoxic mechanism involving alpha-hydroxylation, esterification, and DNA adduct formation, primarily by reaction with dG. In a recent study [Gamboa da Costa et al., Cancer Lett., 176, 37-45 (2002)], we demonstrated a significant increase in the mutant frequency in the lacI gene of Big Blue rats treated with tamoxifen, and a further increase in rats administered alpha-hydroxytamoxifen. In the present study, we have assessed mutation induction by tamoxifen and alpha-hydroxytamoxifen in the liver cII gene of Big Blue rats and have characterized the types of mutations induced by alpha-hydroxytamoxifen in the liver lacI and cII genes. The mutant frequencies in the liver cII gene were 80 +/- 13 x 10(-6) in the control, 112 +/- 13 x 10(-6) in the tamoxifen-treated group (P T:A transversion was the major type of mutation induced by alpha-hydroxytamoxifen and tamoxifen, while G:C --> A:T transition was the main type of mutation in the control. These results support the hypothesis that alpha-hydroxytamoxifen is a major proximate tamoxifen metabolite causing the initiation of tumors in the liver of rats treated with tamoxifen. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Chen, Tao AU - Gamboa da Costa, Gonçalo AU - Marques, M Matilde AU - Shelton, Sharon D AU - Beland, Frederick A AU - Manjanatha, Mugimane G AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. tchen@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1751 EP - 1757 VL - 23 IS - 10 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Escherichia coli Proteins KW - Lac Repressors KW - Mutagens KW - Repressor Proteins KW - alpha-hydroxytamoxifen KW - Tamoxifen KW - 094ZI81Y45 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Frameshift Mutation KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Animals, Genetically Modified KW - Amino Acid Substitution KW - Tamoxifen -- pharmacology KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - Mutagens -- pharmacology KW - Repressor Proteins -- genetics KW - Tamoxifen -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72172217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Mutations+induced+by+alpha-hydroxytamoxifen+in+the+lacI+and+cII+genes+of+Big+Blue+transgenic+rats.&rft.au=Chen%2C+Tao%3BGamboa+da+Costa%2C+Gon%C3%A7alo%3BMarques%2C+M+Matilde%3BShelton%2C+Sharon+D%3BBeland%2C+Frederick+A%3BManjanatha%2C+Mugimane+G&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Tao&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1751&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-22 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of five methods for fit-testing N95 filtering-facepiece respirators. AN - 72151565; 12363214 AB - Five fit-testing methods (Bitrex, ambient aerosol condensation nuclei counter using the TSI PortaCount Plus, saccharin, modified ambient aerosol condensation nuclei counter using the TSI PortaCount Plus with the N95-Companion, and generated aerosol using corn oil) were evaluated for their ability to identify poorly fitting N95 filtering-facepiece respirators. Eighteen models of NIOSH-certified, N95 filtering-facepiece respirators were tested by a panel of 25 subjects using each fit-testing method. The penetration of the corn oil and the ambient aerosols through the filter media of each respirator was measured in order to adjust the corresponding generated and ambient aerosol overall fit factors, reflecting only face-seal leakage. Fit-testing results were compared to 5th percentiles of simulated workplace protection factors. Beta errors (the chance of passing a fit-test in error) ranged from 3 percent to 11 percent. Alpha errors (the chance of failing a fit-test in error) ranged from 51 percent to 84 percent. The ambient aerosol using the TSI PortaCount Plus and the generated aerosol methods identified poorly fitting respirators better than the saccharin, the Companion, and Bitrex methods. These errors rates should be considered when selecting a fit-testing method for fitting N95 filtering-facepieces. When both types of errors were combined as an assignment error, the ambient aerosol method using the TSI PortaCount Plus had the lowest percentage of wearers being assigned a poor-fitting respirator. JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Coffey, Christopher C AU - Lawrence, Robert B AU - Zhuang, Ziqing AU - Campbell, Donald L AU - Jensen, Paul A AU - Myers, Warren R AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 723 EP - 730 VL - 17 IS - 10 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Filtration KW - Humans KW - Equipment Failure KW - Materials Testing KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Workplace KW - Respiratory Protective Devices -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72151565?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+five+methods+for+fit-testing+N95+filtering-facepiece+respirators.&rft.au=Coffey%2C+Christopher+C%3BLawrence%2C+Robert+B%3BZhuang%2C+Ziqing%3BCampbell%2C+Donald+L%3BJensen%2C+Paul+A%3BMyers%2C+Warren+R&rft.aulast=Coffey&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=723&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Appl Occup Environ Hyg. 2003 Oct;18(10):732-3; author reply 733-4 [12959883] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protecting building environments from airborne chemical, biological, or radiological attacks. AN - 72149311; 12363204 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Mead, Kenneth R AU - Gressel, Michael G AD - Division of Applied Research and Technology, NIOSH, USA. Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 649 EP - 658 VL - 17 IS - 10 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Chemical Warfare Agents KW - 0 KW - Radioactive Fallout KW - Index Medicus KW - Ventilation KW - Humans KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Bioterrorism KW - Risk Assessment KW - Terrorism KW - Disaster Planning KW - Facility Design and Construction KW - Security Measures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72149311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Protecting+building+environments+from+airborne+chemical%2C+biological%2C+or+radiological+attacks.&rft.au=Mead%2C+Kenneth+R%3BGressel%2C+Michael+G&rft.aulast=Mead&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=649&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of tumor necrosis factor in toluene diisocyanate asthma. AN - 72138637; 12356572 AB - Nearly 9 million workers are exposed to chemical agents associated with occupational asthma, with isocyanates representing the chemical class most responsible. Isocyanate-induced asthma has been difficult to diagnose and control, in part because the biologic mechanisms responsible for the disease and the determinants of exposure have not been well defined. Isocyanate-induced asthma is characterized by airway inflammation, and we hypothesized that inflammation is a prerequisite of isocyanate-induced asthma, with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha being critical to this process. To explore this hypothesis, wild-type mice, athymic mice, TNF-alpha receptor knockout (TNFR), and anti-TNF-alpha antibody-treated mice were sensitized by subcutaneous injection (20 micro l on Day 1; 5 micro l, Days 4 and 11), and challenged 7 d later by inhalation (100 ppb; Days 20, 22, and 24) with toluene diisocyanate (TDI). Airway inflammation, goblet cell metaplasia, epithelial cell damage, and nonspecific airway reactivity to methacholine challenge, measured 24 h following the last challenge, were reduced to baseline levels in TNF-alpha null mice and athymic mice. TNF-alpha deficiency also markedly abrogated TDI-induced Th2 cytokines in airway tissues, indicating a role in the development of Th2 responses. Despite abrogation of all indicators of asthma pathology, TNF-alpha neutralization had no effect on serum IgE levels or IgG-specific TDI antibodies, suggesting the lack of importance of a humoral response in the manifestation of TDI-induced asthma. Instillation studies with fluorescein-conjugated isothiocyanate and TDI suggested that TNF-alpha deficiency also resulted in a significant reduction in the migration of airway dendritic cells to the draining lymph nodes. Taken together, these results suggest that, unlike protein antigens, TNF-alpha has multiple and central roles in TDI-induced asthma, influencing both nonspecific inflammatory processes and specific immune events. JF - American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology AU - Matheson, Joanna M AU - Lemus, Ranulfo AU - Lange, Robert W AU - Karol, Meryl H AU - Luster, Michael I AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. yzm9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 396 EP - 405 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 1044-1549, 1044-1549 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Antigens, CD KW - Antigens, CD86 KW - Cd86 protein, mouse KW - Cytokines KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Membrane Glycoproteins KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Methacholine Chloride KW - 0W5ETF9M2K KW - Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate KW - 17X7AFZ1GH KW - Interleukin-4 KW - 207137-56-2 KW - Immunoglobulin E KW - 37341-29-0 KW - 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene KW - 78243HXH5O KW - Interferon-gamma KW - 82115-62-6 KW - Ribonucleases KW - EC 3.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Antigens, CD -- biosynthesis KW - Methacholine Chloride -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cytokines -- biosynthesis KW - Lymph Nodes -- pathology KW - Mice KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Ribonucleases -- metabolism KW - Mice, Knockout KW - Immunoglobulin E -- metabolism KW - Interleukin-4 -- metabolism KW - Membrane Glycoproteins -- biosynthesis KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Interferon-gamma -- metabolism KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Immunoglobulin G -- metabolism KW - Time Factors KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor -- genetics KW - Female KW - Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate -- adverse effects KW - Asthma -- chemically induced KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72138637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+respiratory+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Role+of+tumor+necrosis+factor+in+toluene+diisocyanate+asthma.&rft.au=Matheson%2C+Joanna+M%3BLemus%2C+Ranulfo%3BLange%2C+Robert+W%3BKarol%2C+Meryl+H%3BLuster%2C+Michael+I&rft.aulast=Matheson&rft.aufirst=Joanna&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=396&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+respiratory+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.issn=10441549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - State Estimates of Substance Use from the 2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Volume I-II: Findings [and] Supplementary Technical Appendixes. AN - 62225673; ED471694 AB - This report on substance use is the first presenting State estimates from the 2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA). The report presents State estimates for 17 different measures related to substance use. Of these measures, 12 are based on an average for the combined years 1999 and 2000, while the remaining 5 only use the 2000 data. For each measure, States have been ranked and categorized into quintiles in order to simplify the discussion. Specific chapters are dedicated to illicit drug use, alcohol use, tobacco use, and dependence on or abuse of alcohol or illicit drugs. Six appendixes contain tables of model-based estimates, by substance; state estimation methodology; state-by-state-model-based tables; description of the survey; statistical methods and limitations of the data; and other sources of data. The last five appendixes appear under a separate cover in Volume II: Supplementary Technical Appendices. (Contains 14 references and 34 tables.) (GCP) AU - Wright, Douglas Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 394 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345. Tel.: 800-729-6686 (Toll Free), 800-487-4889 (TDD) (Toll Free); KW - National Household Survey on Drug Abuse KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Drinking KW - Smoking KW - Substance Abuse KW - Statistical Data KW - Incidence KW - National Surveys KW - Illegal Drug Use KW - Trend Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62225673?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of trace element stability in sediments using redox gel probes; probe construction and theoretical performance AN - 51978851; 2003-043625 JF - Geomicrobiology Journal AU - Edenborn, H M AU - Brickett, L A AU - Chaiken, R F Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 465 EP - 483 PB - Taylor & Francis, London VL - 19 IS - 5 SN - 0149-0451, 0149-0451 KW - United States KW - shallow-water environment KW - colloidal materials KW - stability KW - gels KW - theoretical studies KW - wetlands KW - sediments KW - manganese oxides KW - lacustrine environment KW - oxides KW - trace elements KW - Pennsylvania KW - chemical composition KW - geochemistry KW - pore water KW - instruments KW - Eh KW - lake sediments KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51978851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geomicrobiology+Journal&rft.atitle=Determination+of+trace+element+stability+in+sediments+using+redox+gel+probes%3B+probe+construction+and+theoretical+performance&rft.au=Edenborn%2C+H+M%3BBrickett%2C+L+A%3BChaiken%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Edenborn&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=465&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geomicrobiology+Journal&rft.issn=01490451&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713722957~db=all LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 46 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GEJODG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical composition; colloidal materials; Eh; gels; geochemistry; instruments; lacustrine environment; lake sediments; manganese oxides; oxides; Pennsylvania; pore water; sediments; shallow-water environment; stability; theoretical studies; trace elements; United States; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outlook: Two decades of orphan product development AN - 20647244; 7920964 AB - Over the past 20 years, incentives of the Orphan Drug Act (ODA), the largest single source of extramural clinical grants at the US Food and Drug Administration, have had a substantial impact on public health. ODA incentives have contributed to the development of many innovative biotechnology products, and as our understanding of the human genome evolves, it is anticipated that pharmacogenomics will result in the identification of more orphan diseases. JF - Nature Reviews: Drug Discovery AU - Haffner, Marlene E AU - Whitley, Janet AU - Moses, Marie AD - Marlene E. Haffner, Janet Whitley and Marie Moses are at the Office of Orphan Products Development, US Food and Drug Administration, Room 15A08, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA., mhaffner@oc.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 821 EP - 825 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building 4 Crinan Street London N1 9XW UK, [mailto:feedback@nature.com], [URL:http://www.nature.com/] VL - 1 IS - 10 SN - 1474-1784, 1474-1784 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Genomes KW - pharmacogenomics KW - Public health KW - W 30915:Pharmaceuticals & Vaccines UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20647244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Reviews%3A+Drug+Discovery&rft.atitle=Outlook%3A+Two+decades+of+orphan+product+development&rft.au=Haffner%2C+Marlene+E%3BWhitley%2C+Janet%3BMoses%2C+Marie&rft.aulast=Haffner&rft.aufirst=Marlene&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=821&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Reviews%3A+Drug+Discovery&rft.issn=14741784&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnrd919 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; pharmacogenomics; Public health DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd919 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mucosal Humoral Immunity to Experimental Salmonella enteritidis Infection in the Chicken Crop AN - 19728134; 5655835 AB - In this report, we show that chickens, infected with Salmonella enteritidis (SE) by oral gavage, produce secretory immunoglobulin As (sIgAs) that specifically bind to numerous SE antigens. Chickens infected with SE showed strong sIgA response against flagella in both bile and crop. The optical density values of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests in positive bile and crop were 1.17 and 0.38, respectively, and were significantly different from those of negative samples. Western immunoblotting revealed that similar to 13.5-, similar to 56-, similar to 62-, similar to 80-, and similar to 143-kD polypeptides were immunodominant proteins in bile, whereas similar to 56-, similar to 62-, and similar to 80-kD polypeptides were found to be strong antigens in crop. These results indicate that the crop may function as another site for mucosal immunity, and the SE flagella-based ELISA of crop samples can provide a useful screening test of SE exposure in chickens.Original Abstract: Nota de Investigacion -Inmunidad humoral de la mucosa frente a la infeccion experimental con Salmonella enteritidis en el buche del pollo. capital sigma e reporta que pollos infectados con Salmonella enteritidis por via oral producen inmunoglobulinas A (IgA) secretorias que especificamente se unen a numerosos antigenos de esta Salmonella. Pollos infectados con S. enteritidis mostraron una fuerte respuesta de IgA secretoria contra los flagelos tanto en el buche como en la bilis. Los valores positivos de densidad optica en el inmunoensayo con enzimas asociadas (ELISA) en la bilis y el buche fueron de 1.17 y 0.38, respectivamente, siendo significantemente diferentes a los obtenidos en las muestras negativas. La inmunotransferencia puntual western revelo que los polipeptidos de similar to 13.5, similar to 56, similar to 62, similar to 80y similar to 143 kD fueron las proteinas inmunodominantes en la bilis, mientras que los polipeptidos de similar to 56, similar to 62 y similar to 80 kD fueron encontrados como antigenos en el buche. Estos resultados indican que el buche puede funcionar como otro sitio de inmunidad de la mucosa, y que la prueba ELISA basada en los flagelos de S. enteritidis en muestras de buche puede ser una prueba util para examinar la exposicion por S. enteritidis en pollos. double prime bbreviations: ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Ig = immunoglobulin; OD = optical density; PAGE = polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; PBS = phosphate-buffered saline; PTB = phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, 1% Tween 20, 0.1% bovine serum albumin; RT = room temperature; SDS = sodium dodecyl sulfate; SE = Salmonella enteritidis; sIgA = secretory immunoglobulin A; TBST = 0.05% Tween 20 in Tris-buffered saline JF - Avian Diseases AU - Seo, K AU - Holt, P S AU - Brackett, R E AU - Gast, R K AU - Stone, H D AD - FDA/CFSAN/OPDFB HFS-300, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740 Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 1015 EP - 1020 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 46 IS - 4 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Immunity (humoral) KW - Immunoblotting KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Mucosal immunity KW - Bile KW - Optical density KW - Infection KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - Crops KW - Flagella KW - Immunoglobulins KW - J 02350:Immunology KW - F 06910:Microorganisms & Parasites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19728134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Mucosal+Humoral+Immunity+to+Experimental+Salmonella+enteritidis+Infection+in+the+Chicken+Crop&rft.au=Seo%2C+K%3BHolt%2C+P+S%3BBrackett%2C+R+E%3BGast%2C+R+K%3BStone%2C+H+D&rft.aulast=Seo&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1015&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282002%29046%281015%3AMHITES%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Immunity (humoral); Immunoblotting; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Mucosal immunity; Bile; Optical density; Infection; Crops; Immunoglobulins; Flagella; Salmonella enteritidis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2002)046(1015:MHITES)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extended clearance time after treatment of infections with Plasmodium malariae may not be indicative of resistance to chloroquine AN - 18924149; 5617244 AB - A retrospective examination was made of archival data on the response of Plasmodium malariae infections in humans to chloroquine. The clearance time for P. malariae was longer than that for P. falciparum and P. vivax. Of 100 P. malariae-infected patients treated with 1,500 mg of chloroquine given over 3 days, 15 had detectable parasites for 7 days, 4 for 10 days, and 1 for 15 days after treatment. Of 17 patients treated intramuscularly with 450 mg of dihydrochloroquine, parasites persisted in 1 patient for 11 days. Of patients with chloroquine-sensitive P. falciparum, 44 cleared parasites by 6 days after treatment; 37 patients with P. vivax infections cleared parasites by day 5. The confirmation of chloroquine resistance may depend on the adaptation of isolates to nonhuman primates in which controlled drug trials can be made. JF - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene AU - Collins, W E AU - Jeffery, G M AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA, USA Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 406 EP - 410 VL - 67 IS - 4 SN - 0002-9637, 0002-9637 KW - Mosquitoes KW - clearance KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Biological vectors KW - Parasites KW - Human diseases KW - Temporal variations KW - Drug resistance KW - Therapy KW - Disease control KW - Culicidae KW - Plasmodium vivax KW - Malaria KW - Plasmodium falciparum KW - Freshwater KW - Haematology KW - Plasmodium malariae KW - Aquatic insects KW - K 03090:Protozoa: human KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18924149?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Tropical+Medicine+and+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Extended+clearance+time+after+treatment+of+infections+with+Plasmodium+malariae+may+not+be+indicative+of+resistance+to+chloroquine&rft.au=Collins%2C+W+E%3BJeffery%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=406&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Tropical+Medicine+and+Hygiene&rft.issn=00029637&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological vectors; Parasites; Human diseases; Temporal variations; Drug resistance; Disease control; Therapy; Malaria; Aquatic insects; Haematology; Plasmodium malariae; Plasmodium vivax; Culicidae; Plasmodium falciparum; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Large Epidemic of Adenovirus Type 4 Infection among Military Trainees: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Laboratory Studies AN - 18667223; 5569561 AB - Outbreaks of adenovirus type 4 (Ad4) acute respiratory disease (ARD) have reemerged among US military personnel during the past decade. A prospective epidemiological investigation of 678 military recruits was conducted at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, in the fall of 1998; 115 (17%) of the recruits were hospitalized for febrile ARD. Adenovirus types 4, 3, and 21 were recovered from the cultures of 70 (72%), 7 (7%), and 2 (2%) of 97 recruits, respectively. In addition, 69 (83%) of the 83 hospitalized and 82 (49%) of the 166 nonhospitalized unit contacts had seroconversion to Ad4, which indicates the very high susceptibility and communicability of Ad4 among military recruits. Young age (<20 years) and male sex increased the risk for anti-Ad4 seroconversion. Recruits from tropical areas had higher preexisting immunity than did recruits from temperate regions. Military recruits are highly susceptible to Ad4 infections. Prompt reinstitution of an adenovirus vaccination program in this high-risk population is urgently needed. JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases AU - Kolavic-Gray, SA AU - Binn, L N AU - Sanchez, J L AU - Cersovsky, S B AU - Polyak, C S AU - Mitchell-Raymundo, F AU - Asher, LV AU - Vaughn, D W AU - Feighner, B H AU - Innis, B L AD - US Public Health Service, Fairbanks, AK, USA Y1 - 2002/10/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 01 SP - 808 EP - 818 VL - 35 IS - 7 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - outbreaks KW - seroconversion KW - sexual behavior KW - vaccination KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - V 22123:Epidemiology KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18667223?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Large+Epidemic+of+Adenovirus+Type+4+Infection+among+Military+Trainees%3A+Epidemiological%2C+Clinical%2C+and+Laboratory+Studies&rft.au=Kolavic-Gray%2C+SA%3BBinn%2C+L+N%3BSanchez%2C+J+L%3BCersovsky%2C+S+B%3BPolyak%2C+C+S%3BMitchell-Raymundo%2C+F%3BAsher%2C+LV%3BVaughn%2C+D+W%3BFeighner%2C+B+H%3BInnis%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Kolavic-Gray&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=808&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Prospective Role of Abnormal Methyl Metabolism in Cadmium Toxicity AN - 18649712; 5550816 AB - Several lines of evidence point to the probable role of abnormal methylation processes in the toxicology of metals and other xenobiotics. The spectrum of toxic effects exhibited by such metals as Ni, As, and Cd, as well as by Zn deficiency, often resemble those seen in animals chronically fed methyl-deficient diets. These metal-associated pathologies include cancer, atherosclerosis, birth defects, neurological disturbances, and pancreatic lesions. In addition, each of the above agents has been shown to alter normal methyl group metabolism in vivo or in vitro. In the present studies, we compared the effects on the enzyme DNA methyltransferase (MTase) of two metal ions: the essential metal Zn and the carcinogen Cd. MTase extracts were obtained from the hepatic nuclei of rats fed a methyl-deficient diet (lacking choline and folate) for 7 and 24 weeks. Control animals were fed the same diet supplemented with each of these vitamins. Zn and Cd both inhibited MTase in the nuclear extracts from both the control and the methyl-deficient rats. The inhibitory activity of Cd was greater than that of Zn regardless of whether the nuclear extracts were from the control or the deficient animals. In addition, the kinetics of Cd inhibition of MTase activity were different in the nuclear extracts from the control and methyl-deficient rats. The results provide evidence that the carcinogenic effects of Cd may be mediated in part through abnormal DNA methylation. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Poirier, LA AU - Vlasova, TI AD - HFT-140, NCTR, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, LPOIRIER@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 793 EP - 795 VL - 110 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24165:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18649712?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+Prospective+Role+of+Abnormal+Methyl+Metabolism+in+Cadmium+Toxicity&rft.au=Poirier%2C+LA%3BVlasova%2C+TI&rft.aulast=Poirier&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=&rft.spage=793&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Signaling from Toxic Metals to NF- Kappa B and Beyond: Not Just a Matter of Reactive Oxygen Species AN - 18641866; 5550819 AB - The nuclear factor kappa B (NF- Kappa B) family of transcription factors controls expression of a number of early response genes associated with inflammatory responses, cell growth, cell cycle progression, and neoplastic transformation. These genes include a multitude of cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, immune receptors, stress proteins, apoptotic or anti-apoptotic regulators, and several oncogenes. Accumulating evidence indicates that a variety of toxic metals are able to affect the activation or activity of NF- Kappa B, but the molecular mechanisms involved in this process remain largely unknown. The signaling pathways mediating cytokine- or microorganism-induced NF- Kappa B activation have been well established recently. Whether the same signaling systems are involved in metal-induced NF- Kappa B activation, however, is unclear. In the present review, we have attempted to evaluate and update the possible mechanisms of metal signals on the activation and function of NF- Kappa B. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Chen, F AU - Shi, X AD - PPRB/NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505 USA, lfd3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 807 EP - 811 VL - 110 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24250:Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18641866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Signaling+from+Toxic+Metals+to+NF-+Kappa+B+and+Beyond%3A+Not+Just+a+Matter+of+Reactive+Oxygen+Species&rft.au=Chen%2C+F%3BShi%2C+X&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=&rft.spage=807&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Workplace monitoring for volatile organic compounds using thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry AN - 18557322; 5515442 AB - The interest in the identification of volatile organic compounds in the workplace has been a major focus of many National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) field studies. A primary technique for sampling and analysis of these compounds is summarized by NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM) 2549. This is a screening method that uses a multi-bed sorbent to trap a wide variety of compounds and compound classes. Thermal desorption techniques are used as a first attempt to characterize potential contaminants in a workplace and to determine what future sampling and analyses must be performed. Field examples are provided to show the versatility of thermal desorption methods and techniques. Due to their sensitivity, thermal desorption tube methods are sometimes required in order to measure the workplace concentrations of unusual compounds. In other situations, the exposures are too high or varied to make thermal desorption tubes practical. In these cases, the identification of contaminants with thermal desorption tubes leads to new method developments for the quantification of specific compounds using more conventional solid sorbent-solvent desorption based methods. JF - Journal of Environmental Monitoring AU - Grote, A A AU - Kennedy, E R AD - Chemical Exposure and Monitoring Branch, Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 679 EP - 684 VL - 4 IS - 5 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18557322?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.atitle=Workplace+monitoring+for+volatile+organic+compounds+using+thermal+desorption-gas+chromatography-mass+spectrometry&rft.au=Grote%2C+A+A%3BKennedy%2C+E+R&rft.aulast=Grote&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=679&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fb203000b LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b203000b ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The influence of metallurgy on the formation of welding aerosols AN - 18556305; 5515437 AB - Recent research has indicated that insoluble ultrafine aerosols (i.e., particles whose physical diameters are less than 100 nm) may cause adverse health effects due to their small size, and that toxicological response may be more appropriately represented by particle number or particle surface area. Unfortunately, current exposure criteria and the associated air-sampling techniques are primarily mass-based. Welding processes are high-temperature operations that generate substantial number concentrations of ultrafine aerosols. Welding aerosols are formed primarily through the nucleation of metal vapors followed by competing growth mechanisms such as coagulation and condensation. Experimental results and mathematical tools are presented to illustrate how welding metallurgy influences the chemical aspects and dynamic processes that initiate and evolve the resultant aerosol. This research suggests that a fundamental understanding of metallurgy and aerosol physics can be exploited to suppress the formation of undesirable chemical species as well as the amount of aerosol generated during a welding process. JF - Journal of Environmental Monitoring AU - Zimmer, A T AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, MS-R3, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 628 EP - 632 VL - 4 IS - 5 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18556305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+metallurgy+on+the+formation+of+welding+aerosols&rft.au=Zimmer%2C+A+T&rft.aulast=Zimmer&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=628&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fb202337g LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b202337g ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a real time quantitative PCR assay for detection of porcine endogenous retrovirus AN - 18494063; 5455603 AB - Real time PCR technology was applied to the development of assays for detection and quantitation of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) RNA and DNA sequences in tissues and cells of human or animal origin. A plasmid construct encoding the PERV-pol gene or the in vitro transcribed RNA derived from the plasmid (cRNA) serves as a standard template for amplification of a 178 bp fragment. This study showed that the detection of this target sequence was linear over a range from 20 copies to 2 million copies of the plasmid and from 100 copies to 1 million copies of the cRNA. In addition, amplification of the target sequence was not inhibited by the presence of exogenous genomic DNA. These results demonstrate that a real time (TaqMan-based) PCR or RT-PCR assay can provide a sensitive, reproducible, and robust method for detecting and quantifying PERV DNA or RNA sequences in samples of human or guinea pig origin. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Argaw, T AU - Ritzhaupt, A AU - Wilson, CA AD - Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, wilsonc@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 97 EP - 106 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 106 IS - 1 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - Porcine endogenous retrovirus KW - pol gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - V 22141:Diagnosis KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18494063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+real+time+quantitative+PCR+assay+for+detection+of+porcine+endogenous+retrovirus&rft.au=Argaw%2C+T%3BRitzhaupt%2C+A%3BWilson%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Argaw&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Life-threatening histoplasmosis complicating immunotherapy with tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonists infliximab and etanercept AN - 17040290; 5555884 AB - Objective: Two tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha ) antagonists were recently licensed in the US. Infliximab was licensed in 1998 for the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD), and since 1999, it has been licensed in combination with methotrexate for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Etanercept was licensed in 1998 for treatment of RA and, more recently, for juvenile RA and psoriatic arthritis. Because of potential immunosuppression related to use of anti-TNF alpha agents, we sought to identify postlicensure cases of opportunistic infection, including histoplasmosis, in patients treated with these products. Methods: The US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) passive surveillance database for monitoring postlicensure adverse events was reviewed to identify all reports received through July 2001 of histoplasmosis in patients treated with either infliximab or etanercept. Results: Ten cases of Histoplasma capsulatum (HC) infection were reported: 9 associated with infliximab and 1 associated with etanercept. In patients treated with infliximab, manifestations of histoplasmosis occurred within 1 week to 6 months after the first dose and typically included fever, malaise, cough, dyspnea, and interstitial pneumonitis. Of the 10 patients with histoplasmosis, 9 required treatment in an intensive care unit, and 1 died. All patients had received concomitant immunosuppressive medications in addition to infliximab or etanercept, and all resided in HC-endemic regions. Conclusion: Postlicensure surveillance suggests that acute life-threatening histoplasmosis may complicate immunotherapy with TNF alpha antagonists, particularly infliximab. Histoplasmosis should be considered early in the evaluation of patients who reside in HC-endemic areas in whom infectious complications develop during treatment with infliximab or etanercept. JF - Arthritis & Rheumatism AU - Lee, J-H AU - Slifman, N R AU - Gershon, S K AU - Edwards, E T AU - Schwieterman, W D AU - Siegel, J N AU - Wise, R P AU - Brown, S L AU - Udall, JN Jr AU - Braun, M M AD - Division of Epidemiology, HFM-220, Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA, braunm@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 2565 EP - 2570 VL - 46 IS - 10 SN - 0004-3591, 0004-3591 KW - etanercept KW - infliximab KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17040290?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arthritis+%26+Rheumatism&rft.atitle=Life-threatening+histoplasmosis+complicating+immunotherapy+with+tumor+necrosis+factor+alpha+antagonists+infliximab+and+etanercept&rft.au=Lee%2C+J-H%3BSlifman%2C+N+R%3BGershon%2C+S+K%3BEdwards%2C+E+T%3BSchwieterman%2C+W+D%3BSiegel%2C+J+N%3BWise%2C+R+P%3BBrown%2C+S+L%3BUdall%2C+JN+Jr%3BBraun%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=J-H&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Arthritis+%26+Rheumatism&rft.issn=00043591&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fart.10583 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.10583 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Utility of reverse phase protein arrays: Applications to signalling pathways and human body arrays AN - 1434026235; 18513426 AB - Protein microarrays offer a new means by which to conduct quantitative profiling of disease-associated proteins. The knowledge gained may provide novel strategies for early detection, diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. A variety of sophisticated approaches, including gene arrays, sequencing consortiums and large-scale two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, continue to generate lists of proteins potentially linked to disease aetiology and progression. The challenge is to evaluate quantitatively promising lead protein candidates using matched normal and diseased cell populations. In contrast to the antibody array, the reverse phase protein microarrays (RPPA) do not require labelling of cellular protein lysates, and constitute a sensitive high throughput platform for marker screening, pathophysiology investigation and therapeutic monitoring. In this paper, examples will be provided using RPPAs in the study of the apoptotic signalling cascade and in the evaluation of the expression of organ-specific protein makers using microdissected human organ cell lysates configured as 'human body arrays'. JF - Briefings in Functional Genomics and Proteomics AU - Charboneau, Lu AU - Scott, Heather AU - Chen, Tina AU - Winters, Mary AU - Petricoin, Emanuel F AU - Liotta, Lance A AU - Paweletz, Cloud P AD - Manager of the Laser Capture Microdissection Core Facility at NIH and working with the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in the Laboratory of Pathology., paweletz@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 305 EP - 315 PB - Oxford University Press VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 1473-9550, 1473-9550 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Antibodies KW - Apoptosis KW - Protein arrays KW - Therapeutic applications KW - proteomics KW - Gel electrophoresis KW - Signal transduction KW - G 07730:Development & Cell Cycle KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1434026235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Briefings+in+Functional+Genomics+and+Proteomics&rft.atitle=Utility+of+reverse+phase+protein+arrays%3A+Applications+to+signalling+pathways+and+human+body+arrays&rft.au=Charboneau%2C+Lu%3BScott%2C+Heather%3BChen%2C+Tina%3BWinters%2C+Mary%3BPetricoin%2C+Emanuel+F%3BLiotta%2C+Lance+A%3BPaweletz%2C+Cloud+P&rft.aulast=Charboneau&rft.aufirst=Lu&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Briefings+in+Functional+Genomics+and+Proteomics&rft.issn=14739550&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Antibodies; Apoptosis; Protein arrays; Therapeutic applications; proteomics; Gel electrophoresis; Signal transduction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity in relation to DNA adduct formation in rats fed leucomalachite green. AN - 72135836; 12351145 AB - Leucomalachite green is a persistent and prevalent metabolite of malachite green, a triphenylmethane dye that has been used widely as an antifungal agent in the fish industry. Concern over the use of malachite green is due to the potential for consumer exposure, evidence suggestive of tumor promotion in rodent liver, and suspicion of carcinogenicity based on structure-activity relationships. Our previous study indicated that feeding rodents malachite or leucomalachite green resulted in a dose-related increase in liver DNA adducts, and that, in general, exposure to leucomalachite green caused an increase in the number and severity of changes greater than was observed following exposure to malachite green. To characterize better the genotoxicity of leucomalachite green, female Big Blue rats were fed leucomalachite green at doses of 0, 9, 27, 91, 272, or 543 ppm for up to 32 weeks. The livers were analyzed for lacI mutations at 4, 16, and 32 weeks and DNA adducts at 4 weeks. Using a 32P-postlabeling assay, we observed a dose-related DNA adduct in the livers of rats fed 91, 272, and 543 ppm leucomalachite green. A approximately 3-fold increase in lacI mutant frequency was found in the livers of rats fed 543 ppm leucomalachite green for 16 weeks, but significant increases in mutant frequencies were not found for any of the other doses or time points assayed. We also conducted 2-year tumorigenesis bioassays in female and male F344 rats using 0, 91, 272, and 543 ppm leucomalachite green. Preliminary results indicate an increasing dose trend in lung adenomas in male rats treated with leucomalachite green, but no increase in the incidence of liver tumors in either sex of rat. These results suggest that the DNA adduct formed in the livers of rats fed leucomalachite green has little mutagenic or carcinogenic consequence. JF - Mutation research AU - Culp, S J AU - Beland, F A AU - Heflich, R H AU - Benson, R W AU - Blankenship, L R AU - Webb, P J AU - Mellick, P W AU - Trotter, R W AU - Shelton, S D AU - Greenlees, K J AU - Manjanatha, M G AD - Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. sculp@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/09/30/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 30 SP - 55 EP - 63 VL - 506-507 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - Carcinogens KW - DNA Adducts KW - DNA, Neoplasm KW - Escherichia coli Proteins KW - Lac Repressors KW - Mutagens KW - Repressor Proteins KW - Rosaniline Dyes KW - leucomalachite green KW - 8U61G37Z20 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- metabolism KW - Repressor Proteins -- metabolism KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - DNA, Neoplasm -- analysis KW - Animals, Genetically Modified KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Adenoma -- metabolism KW - Escherichia coli Proteins -- metabolism KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- pathology KW - Rats, Mutant Strains KW - Adenoma -- chemically induced KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Adenoma -- pathology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Lung Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- administration & dosage KW - Aniline Compounds -- administration & dosage KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Aniline Compounds -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- administration & dosage KW - DNA Adducts -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72135836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Mutagenicity+and+carcinogenicity+in+relation+to+DNA+adduct+formation+in+rats+fed+leucomalachite+green.&rft.au=Culp%2C+S+J%3BBeland%2C+F+A%3BHeflich%2C+R+H%3BBenson%2C+R+W%3BBlankenship%2C+L+R%3BWebb%2C+P+J%3BMellick%2C+P+W%3BTrotter%2C+R+W%3BShelton%2C+S+D%3BGreenlees%2C+K+J%3BManjanatha%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Culp&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-09-30&rft.volume=506-507&rft.issue=&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism of heterocyclic aromatic amines by human hepatocytes and cytochrome P4501A2. AN - 72134287; 12351158 AB - The metabolism of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) was investigated in primary human and rat hepatocytes. The genotoxic metabolites 2-(hydroxyamino)-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (HONH-MeIQx) and 2-(hydroxyamino)-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (HONH-PhIP), which are formed by cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2), were detected as stable N(2)-glucuronide and N(2)- and N(3)-glucuronide conjugates, respectively. These products accounted for as much as 10% of the amount of MeIQx and 60% of PhIP added to human hepatocytes. Significantly lower amounts of these products were formed in rat hepatocytes. The phase II conjugates N(2)-(3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxalin-2-yl-sulfamic acid (MeIQx-N(2)-SO(3)H) and N(2)-(beta-1-glucosiduronyl)-2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx-N(2)-Gl), as well as the 7-oxo derivatives of MeIQx and N-desmethyl-MeIQx, 2-amino-3,8-dimethyl-6-hydro-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxalin-7-one (7-oxo-MeIQx), and 2-amino-6-hydro-8-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxalin-7-one (N-desmethyl-7-oxo-MeIQx) were also identified. A novel CYP1A2-derived metabolite was characterized as 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline-8-carboxylic acid (IQx-8-COOH) and was the predominant metabolite formed in human hepatocytes exposed to MeIQx at levels approaching human exposure. Unlike human hepatocytes, rat cell preparations, even following pretreatment with the potent CYP1A1/CYP1A2 inducer 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) did not produce IQx-8-COOH but did catalyze the formation of 2-amino-3,8-dimethyl-5-hydroxyimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (5-HO-MeIQx) as a major CYP-mediated detoxication product. In the case of PhIP, direct glucuronidation of the N(2) and N(3) positions also occurred in human and rat hepatocytes. Glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of 2-amino-4'-hydroxy-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (4'-HO-PhIP) were detected as relatively minor metabolites in human hepatocytes but were the major products formed in rat hepatocytes, accounting for up to 50% of the metabolism. Rat CYP1A2, but not the human ortholog, significantly contributes to 4'-hydroxylation of PhIP. Important differences exist between human and rat liver enzymes in catalytic activity and regioselectivity of MeIQx and PhIP metabolism. Some human hepatocyte preparations are more active at transforming MeIQx and PhIP to a genotoxic species than rat hepatocytes pretreated with potent inducer 3-MC. These pronounced interspecies differences in metabolism of MeIQx and PhIP may affect the biological activity of these mutagens and must be considered when assessing human health risk. JF - Mutation research AU - Turesky, Robert J AU - Guengerich, F Peter AU - Guillouzo, André AU - Langouët, Sophie AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR DR, HFT 100 Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. rturesky@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/09/30/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 30 SP - 187 EP - 195 VL - 506-507 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Imidazoles KW - Quinoxalines KW - 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoxaline KW - 77500-04-0 KW - 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine KW - 909C6UN66T KW - Theophylline KW - C137DTR5RG KW - furafylline KW - C2087G0XX3 KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Biotransformation KW - Humans KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Theophylline -- analogs & derivatives KW - Hepatocytes -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Theophylline -- pharmacology KW - Imidazoles -- metabolism KW - Quinoxalines -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 -- metabolism KW - Hepatocytes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72134287?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Metabolism+of+heterocyclic+aromatic+amines+by+human+hepatocytes+and+cytochrome+P4501A2.&rft.au=Turesky%2C+Robert+J%3BGuengerich%2C+F+Peter%3BGuillouzo%2C+Andr%C3%A9%3BLangou%C3%ABt%2C+Sophie&rft.aulast=Turesky&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-09-30&rft.volume=506-507&rft.issue=&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Systemic uptake and cutaneous disposition of pentachlorophenol in a sequential exposure scenario: effects of skin preexposure to benzo[a]pyrene. AN - 72083121; 12227954 AB - Characterizing interactions caused by sequential skin exposures to various environmental toxicants can be critical for a meaningful risk assessment. To assess sequential chemical exposure effect on chemical cutaneous disposition and systemic uptake of a toxicant, [(14)C]pentachlorophenol (PCP) was topically administered in three porcine skin models (in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro) at 40 micro g/cm(2) with or without skin preexposure to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a known human carcinogen and cutaneous cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) inducer. In the mass balance studies, BaP skin preexposure was found to enhance (14)C absorption in all three models with detectable in vivo effect during the first several days. Total 8-h absorption was tripled by skin preexposure to BaP in the ex vivo (1.1 to 3.2%) and in vitro (0.20 to 0.66%) systems. As seen in the extended in vivo studies, total absorption was 50-57% regardless of exposure conditions, suggesting the prolonged observation period may conceal existing impact of potentially modified disposition processes, such as cutaneous metabolism, on systemic absorption. Skin preexposure to the skin CYP450 inducer BaP largely changed label penetration depth and distribution pattern in cutaneous tissues and decreased (14)C concentration in skin and fat. Additionally, BaP preexposure altered (14)C systemic tissue disposition, suggesting that altered cutaneous PCP disposition may eventually change the toxicity profile (cutaneous vs. systemic risk). The preliminary tissue distribution and systemic absorption data suggested that skin preexposure to BaP may considerably modify cutaneous biotransformation rate and thus deserves further investigation. The dermal model-dependent impacts of expected skin biotransformation manipulation by preexposure to chemicals such as BaP on cutaneous disposition and systemic uptake of environmental toxicants such as PCP need to be considered in risk assessment. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Qiao, G L AU - Riviere, J E AD - Health Effect Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. GQiao@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/09/27/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 27 SP - 1307 EP - 1331 VL - 65 IS - 18 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - Pentachlorophenol KW - D9BSU0SE4T KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Administration, Cutaneous KW - Skin KW - Biotransformation KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Adipose Tissue KW - Risk Assessment KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- pharmacology KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - Pentachlorophenol -- pharmacokinetics KW - Environmental Pollutants -- metabolism KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Pentachlorophenol -- metabolism KW - Environmental Pollutants -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72083121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Systemic+uptake+and+cutaneous+disposition+of+pentachlorophenol+in+a+sequential+exposure+scenario%3A+effects+of+skin+preexposure+to+benzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene.&rft.au=Qiao%2C+G+L%3BRiviere%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Qiao&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-09-27&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=1307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-01 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing the use of activated protein C in the treatment of severe sepsis. AN - 72126900; 12324563 JF - The New England journal of medicine AU - Siegel, Jay P AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. Y1 - 2002/09/26/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 26 SP - 1030 EP - 1034 VL - 347 IS - 13 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Protein C KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - drotrecogin alfa activated KW - JGH8MYC891 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - APACHE KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Hemorrhage -- chemically induced KW - Humans KW - Drug Approval KW - Comorbidity KW - Cell Line KW - Survival Analysis KW - Protein C -- therapeutic use KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- adverse effects KW - Sepsis -- classification KW - Recombinant Proteins -- adverse effects KW - Sepsis -- drug therapy KW - Protein C -- adverse effects KW - Recombinant Proteins -- therapeutic use KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72126900?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+use+of+activated+protein+C+in+the+treatment+of+severe+sepsis.&rft.au=Siegel%2C+Jay+P&rft.aulast=Siegel&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft.date=2002-09-26&rft.volume=347&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=1030&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.issn=1533-4406&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-02 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: N Engl J Med. 2002 Sep 26;347(13):1035-6 [12324564] N Engl J Med. 2002 Sep 26;347(13):966-7 [12324551] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estrogen receptor expression in the prostate of rats treated with dietary genistein. AN - 72124009; 12270217 AB - Steroid hormones and their receptors play critical roles in the growth, development, and maintenance of the male reproductive tract. Genistein, a naturally occurring isoflavonoid primarily found in soybeans, interacts with estrogen receptors alpha and beta (ER alpha and beta), with preferential affinity for ER beta. This is one mechanism whereby genistein may affect growth and development and potentially alter susceptibility to carcinogenesis. Previous studies have indicated effects of soy and/or genistein in the male rodent reproductive tract under certain exposure conditions. The current study was undertaken to determine if modulation of the expression of ER alpha and ER beta by dietary genistein may contribute to those effects. Rats in a two-generation study were fed 0, 5, 100, or 500 ppm genistein prior to mating and through pregnancy and lactation. At weaning, male pups were selected in each of the F(1) and F(2) generations and half of the pups continued on the same diet as their dams (G/G, continuous exposure) while their litter mates were placed on control chow (G/C, gestational and lactational exposure) until sacrifice on PND 140. Male reproductive organ weights, serum levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and ER alpha and ER beta protein levels in the ventral and dorsolateral prostate were the endpoints measured. Prostate sections were also evaluated microscopically. Statistically significant elevations in testosterone and DHT were observed in PND 140 animals from the F(1) generation, but they were not accompanied by organ weight changes. Body weight in the continuously dosed 500 ppm F(1) PND 140 animals was depressed relative to control, but organ weights in animals of either generation showed few treatment-related effects. While estrogen receptor levels were quite variable, levels of ER beta in the dorsolateral prostate were significantly depressed in all dose groups in the G/C exposure and the high dose group of the G/G exposure in F(1) rats, but not in F(2) rats. Given the growing body of knowledge on the significance of ER beta in the prostate, the evidence for apparent down regulation of this receptor by genistein may have implications for reproductive toxicity and carcinogenesis that warrant further investigation. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences AU - Dalu, Abraham AU - Blaydes, Betty S AU - Bryant, Corey W AU - Latendresse, John R AU - Weis, Constance C AU - Barry Delclos, K AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2002/09/25/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 25 SP - 249 EP - 260 VL - 777 IS - 1-2 SN - 1570-0232, 1570-0232 KW - Estrogen Receptor alpha KW - 0 KW - Estrogen Receptor beta KW - Receptors, Estrogen KW - Dihydrotestosterone KW - 08J2K08A3Y KW - Testosterone KW - 3XMK78S47O KW - Genistein KW - DH2M523P0H KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Testosterone -- blood KW - Dihydrotestosterone -- blood KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prostate -- anatomy & histology KW - Genistein -- pharmacology KW - Prostate -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Estrogen -- metabolism KW - Diet KW - Genistein -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72124009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.atitle=Estrogen+receptor+expression+in+the+prostate+of+rats+treated+with+dietary+genistein.&rft.au=Dalu%2C+Abraham%3BBlaydes%2C+Betty+S%3BBryant%2C+Corey+W%3BLatendresse%2C+John+R%3BWeis%2C+Constance+C%3BBarry+Delclos%2C+K&rft.aulast=Dalu&rft.aufirst=Abraham&rft.date=2002-09-25&rft.volume=777&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.issn=15700232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emerging foodborne pathogens AN - 18598581; 5463165 AB - The broad spectrum of foodborne infections has changed dramatically over time, as well-established pathogens have been controlled or eliminated, and new ones have emerged. The burden of foodborne disease remains substantial: one in four Americans is estimated to have a significant foodborne illness each year. The majority of these illnesses are not accounted for by known pathogens, so more must remain to be discovered. Among the known foodborne pathogens, those more recently identified predominate, suggesting that as more and more is learned about pathogens, they come under control. In addition to the emergence or recognition of new pathogens, other trends include global pandemics of some foodborne pathogens, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, the identification of pathogens that are highly opportunistic, affecting only the most high-risk subpopulations, and the increasing identification of large and dispersed outbreaks. New pathogens can emerge because of changing ecology or changing technology that connects a potential pathogen with the food chain. They also can emerge de novo by transfer of mobile virulence factors, often through bacteriophage. Though this is rarely observed, it can be reconstructed. Better understanding of the ecology and dynamics of phage transmission among bacteria will help us to understand the appearance of new pathogens in the future. One may look for emerging foodborne pathogens among the silent zoonoses, and among the severe infections affecting the immunocompromised humans. We should expect the unexpected. In the past, separating human sewage and animal manure from human food and water supplies was critical to improving public health. Now, our health depends increasingly on the safety of the feed and water supplies for the animals themselves. The successes of the 20th century and the new challenges we face mean that public health vigilance, careful investigation of new problems, responsible attention to food safety from farm to table, and partnerships to bring about new foodborne disease control measures will be needed for the foreseeable future. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Tauxe, R V AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Public Health Service, Mailstop A-38, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30306, USA, rvt1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/09/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 15 SP - 31 EP - 41 VL - 78 IS - 1-2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18598581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Emerging+foodborne+pathogens&rft.au=Tauxe%2C+R+V&rft.aulast=Tauxe&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-09-15&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Necessary and Unwanted Bacteria in Food-Microbial Adaptation to Changing Environments. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The progression of neuronal, myelin, astrocytic, and immunological changes in the rat brain following exposure to aurothioglucose. AN - 72062268; 12213313 AB - Aurothioglucose (ATG) is presently employed both by clinicians in the treatment of advanced rheumatoid arthritis and by neuroscience researchers to generate lesions around the circumventricular organs (CVOs) of rodent brains, resulting in obese animals. Although the existence of such lesions is well documented, there is relatively little information concerning the changes over time of the different cell types in the regions surrounding the CVOs. To address this question, specific markers allowing identification of four distinct cellular populations were used to characterize respective changes over time. Generally, regions adjacent to the CVOs were more vulnerable than the CVOs themselves, while more caudal structures were more frequently lesioned than more anterior CVO regions. Vascular and glial cells appeared to be the initial targets of ATG, while neuronal cell death occurred subsequent to the inflammatory response. The results of this study help resolve the mechanism of ATG toxicity as reflected by a cascade of pathologies that is consistent with disparate cell types exhibiting specific changes at specific times. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. JF - Brain research AU - Schmued, Larry C AD - Department of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. lschmued@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/09/13/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 13 SP - 171 EP - 177 VL - 949 IS - 1-2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein KW - 0 KW - Aurothioglucose KW - 2P2V9Q0E78 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- immunology KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- analysis KW - Time Factors KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Male KW - Aurothioglucose -- toxicity KW - Hypothalamus -- immunology KW - Hypothalamus -- drug effects KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Astrocytes -- drug effects KW - Hypothalamus -- pathology KW - Astrocytes -- immunology KW - Medulla Oblongata -- drug effects KW - Medulla Oblongata -- immunology KW - Neurons -- pathology KW - Myelin Sheath -- pathology KW - Myelin Sheath -- drug effects KW - Myelin Sheath -- immunology KW - Medulla Oblongata -- pathology KW - Neurons -- immunology KW - Astrocytes -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72062268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=The+progression+of+neuronal%2C+myelin%2C+astrocytic%2C+and+immunological+changes+in+the+rat+brain+following+exposure+to+aurothioglucose.&rft.au=Schmued%2C+Larry+C&rft.aulast=Schmued&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.date=2002-09-13&rft.volume=949&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alteration of pulmonary cytochrome p-450 system: effects of asphalt fume condensate exposure. AN - 71983315; 12167208 AB - Exposure to asphalt fumes is a health concern due to the presence of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in asphalt. Bioactivation of many PACs requires metabolism by the cytochrome P-450 (P-450) system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of exposure of rats to asphalt fume condensate (AFC), collected at the top of a paving asphalt storage tank, on the pulmonary microsomal P-450 system and to determine the genotoxic effects of such exposure. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were intratracheally instilled with saline or with 0.45, 2.22, or 8.88 mg/kg AFC for 3 consecutive days and sacrificed the following day. Lung microsomes were isolated by differential centrifugation of lung homogenates. Microsomal protein level, NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity, and the activities and protein levels of cytochrome P-450 isozymes CYP1A1 and CYP2B1 were monitored to assess the effects of AFC exposure on pulmonary P-450. The activities of CYP2B1 and CYP1A1 were determined by monitoring xenobiotic metabolism of 7-pentoxyresorufin and 7-ethoxyresorufin, respectively. CYP2B1 and CYP1A1 levels were determined by immunochemical analysis. Micronucleus (MN) formation in bone-marrow polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) was determined to assess the genotoxic effects of AFC exposure. The results showed that exposure of rats to AFC did not significantly affect total cytochrome P-450 content or cytochrome c reductase activity in the lung. CYP2B1 levels and enzyme activity were not significantly affected by AFC exposure. In contrast, CYP1A1 levels and activity were significantly increased in microsomes isolated from AFC-exposed lungs. Increased MN formation was observed only in high-dose AFC-exposed bone marrow PCEs. These results demonstrate that AFC exposure induced CYP1A1 activity and increased the enzyme levels of CYP1A1 in lung microsomes, suggesting that AFC exposure may alter metabolism of PACs by the cytochrome P-450 system in the lung. Alteration of cytochrome P-450 metabolism of PACs may contribute to the AFC-induced genotoxic effects demonstrated as MN formation. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Ma, J Y C AU - Yang, H-M AU - Barger, M W AU - Siegel, P D AU - Zhong, B-Z AU - Kriech, A J AU - Castranova, V AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. jyml@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/09/13/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 13 SP - 1247 EP - 1260 VL - 65 IS - 17 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Hydrocarbons KW - 0 KW - Proteins KW - asphalt KW - 8052-42-4 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1 KW - NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase KW - EC 1.6.2.4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Bone Marrow Cells -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Erythrocytes -- drug effects KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1 -- metabolism KW - NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 -- metabolism KW - Proteins -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Erythrocytes -- ultrastructure KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Micronucleus Tests KW - Microsomes, Liver -- enzymology KW - Microsomes, Liver -- drug effects KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Bone Marrow Cells -- ultrastructure KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Lung -- enzymology KW - Hydrocarbons -- toxicity KW - Inhalation Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71983315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Alteration+of+pulmonary+cytochrome+p-450+system%3A+effects+of+asphalt+fume+condensate+exposure.&rft.au=Ma%2C+J+Y+C%3BYang%2C+H-M%3BBarger%2C+M+W%3BSiegel%2C+P+D%3BZhong%2C+B-Z%3BKriech%2C+A+J%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=J+Y&rft.date=2002-09-13&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=1247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of growth media on vancomycin resistance of Enterococcus isolates and correlation with resistance gene determinants AN - 18486309; 5455543 AB - The effect of Mueller-Hinton (MH), MH+blood or brain heart infusion medium (agar or broth) on 13 Enterococcus isolates was determined, when testing their antibiotic susceptibility. Disk diffusion and Vitek methods were used to determine vancomycin resistance, while broth dilution and E-test methods were used to measure the minimum inhibitory concentration. The data were correlated with the presence of vancomycin resistance genes. A definite correlation pattern could not be established between the presence of van genes and vancomycin resistance in any plating medium, when tested by the disk diffusion assay. The broth dilution, irrespective of the plating medium, and Vitek methods were more reliable than the E-test method in testing isolates with vanA or vanB genes. However, for vanC2/C3 genotypes, the E-test method, irrespective of the plating medium, tested better than the broth dilution assay. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Nayak, R AU - Khan, SA AU - Watson, R H AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - US Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Microbiology, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, skhan@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/09/10/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 10 SP - 159 EP - 163 PB - Federation of European Microbiological Societies VL - 214 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - vanA gene KW - vanB gene KW - vancomycin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18486309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Influence+of+growth+media+on+vancomycin+resistance+of+Enterococcus+isolates+and+correlation+with+resistance+gene+determinants&rft.au=Nayak%2C+R%3BKhan%2C+SA%3BWatson%2C+R+H%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Nayak&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-09-10&rft.volume=214&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mental health and substance abuse emergency response criteria. Final rule. AN - 72091498; 12233764 AB - Section 3102 of the Children's Health Act of 2000, Pub. L. 106-310, amends section 501 of the Public Health Service (PHS) Act (42 U.S.C. 290aa) to add a new subsection (m) entitled "Emergency Response." This newly enacted subsection 501(m) authorizes the Secretary to use up to, but no more than, 2.5% of all amounts appropriated under Title V of the PHS Act, other than those appropriated under Part C, in each fiscal year to make "noncompetitive grants, contracts or cooperative agreements to public entities to enable such entities to address emergency substance abuse or mental health needs in local communities." Because Congress believed the Secretary needed the ability to respond to emergencies, it exempted any grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements authorized under this section from the peer review process. See section 501(m)(1) of the PHS Act. Instead, the Secretary is to use an objective review process by establishing objective criteria to review applications for funds under this authority. JF - Federal register AU - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), HHS AD - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), HHS Y1 - 2002/09/06/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 06 SP - 56930 EP - 56931 VL - 67 IS - 173 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - State Government KW - Humans KW - Substance-Related Disorders KW - Legislation, Medical KW - Emergency Services, Psychiatric -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72091498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Mental+health+and+substance+abuse+emergency+response+criteria.+Final+rule.&rft.au=Substance+Abuse+and+Mental+Health+Services+Administration+%28SAMHSA%29%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Substance+Abuse+and+Mental+Health+Services+Administration+%28SAMHSA%29&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2002-09-06&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=173&rft.spage=56930&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - No androgenic/anti-androgenic effects of bisphenol-A in Hershberger assay using immature castrated rats. AN - 72118169; 12243870 AB - Several studies have demonstrated that bisphenol A (BPA) exhibited weak estrogenic activity in the 3-day uterotrophic assay using ovariectomized (OVX) and immature rats (Toxicol. Lett. 115 (2000) 231; Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 32 (2000) 118; J. Toxicol. Sci. 26 (2001) 111) and BPA also possessed anti-androgenic activity in in vitro yeast based assays (J. Endocrinol. 158 (1998) 327). To investigate anti-androgenic effects of BPA. a rodent Hershberger assay was carried out using immature Sprague-Dawley male rats. An androgen agonist, testosterone (0.4 mg/kg per day), was administered for 7 consecutive days by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection as a positive control. Additionally, a pure androgen antagonist, flutamide (1, 5. 10 mg/kg per day. oral) was co-administered with testosterone (0.4 mg/kg per day s.c.). BPA was also administered orally with or without testosterone (0.4 mg/kg per day, s.c.) for 7 consecutive days. In the testosterone treated groups, glans penis, seminal vesicles, ventral prostate, and levator ani plus bulbocavernosus muscles (LABC) weights were significantly increased compared with control. However. flulamide dose-dependently inhibited the testosterone-induced re-growth of seminal vesicles, ventral prostate, and LABC, with a significant decrease at flutamide 1.0 mg/kg and above (P<0.05). Serum LH levels were also significantly increased (5 mg/kg and above, P<0.05), but no changes in serum testosterone levels. In contrast, BPA had no effects on the re-growth of seminal vesicles, ventral prostate and LABC induced by testosterone, and no significant differences were observed in serum LH and testosterone levels. In summary, the Hershberger assay could be a sensitive method for detecting androgenic or anti-androgenic chemicals, but BPA did not exhibit any androgenic or anti-androgenic activities in Hershberger assay. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Kim, Hyung Sik AU - Han, Soon Young AU - Kim, Tae Sung AU - Kwack, Seung Jun AU - Lee, Rhee Da AU - Kim, In Young AU - Seok, Ji-Hyun AU - Lee, Byung Mu AU - Yoo, Sun Dong AU - Park, Kui Lea AD - Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology Division, Department of Toxicology, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, 5 Nokbun-dong, Eunpyung-ku, 122-704, Seoul, South Korea. Y1 - 2002/09/05/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 05 SP - 111 EP - 123 VL - 135 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Androgen Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Benzhydryl Compounds KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal KW - Phenols KW - Testosterone KW - 3XMK78S47O KW - Flutamide KW - 76W6J0943E KW - Luteinizing Hormone KW - 9002-67-9 KW - bisphenol A KW - MLT3645I99 KW - Index Medicus KW - Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms KW - Animals KW - Flutamide -- metabolism KW - Testosterone -- metabolism KW - Genitalia, Male -- drug effects KW - Orchiectomy KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Genitalia, Male -- anatomy & histology KW - Testosterone -- pharmacology KW - Testosterone -- blood KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Flutamide -- pharmacology KW - Luteinizing Hormone -- blood KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Androgen Antagonists -- metabolism KW - Phenols -- pharmacology KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72118169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=No+androgenic%2Fanti-androgenic+effects+of+bisphenol-A+in+Hershberger+assay+using+immature+castrated+rats.&rft.au=Kim%2C+Hyung+Sik%3BHan%2C+Soon+Young%3BKim%2C+Tae+Sung%3BKwack%2C+Seung+Jun%3BLee%2C+Rhee+Da%3BKim%2C+In+Young%3BSeok%2C+Ji-Hyun%3BLee%2C+Byung+Mu%3BYoo%2C+Sun+Dong%3BPark%2C+Kui+Lea&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Hyung&rft.date=2002-09-05&rft.volume=135&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among HIV-infected persons--2002. Recommendations of the U.S. Public Health Service and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. AN - 72851529; 12617574 AB - In 1995, the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) developed guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections (OIs) among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); these guidelines were updated in 1997 and 1999. This fourth edition of the guidelines, made available on the Internet in 2001, is intended for clinicians and other health-care providers who care for HIV-infected persons. The goal of these guidelines is to provide evidence-based guidelines for preventing OIs among HIV-infected adults and adolescents, including pregnant women, and HIV-exposed or infected children. Nineteen OIs, or groups of OIs, are addressed, and recommendations are included for preventing exposure to opportunistic pathogens, preventing first episodes of disease by chemoprophylaxis or vaccination (primary prophylaxis), and preventing disease recurrence (secondary prophylaxis). Major changes since the last edition of the guidelines include 1) updated recommendations for discontinuing primary and secondary OI prophylaxis among persons whose CD4+ T lymphocyte counts have increased in response to antiretroviral therapy; 2) emphasis on screening all HIV-infected persons for infection with hepatitis C virus; 3) new information regarding transmission of human herpesvirus 8 infection; 4) new information regarding drug interactions, chiefly related to rifamycins and antiretroviral drugs; and 5) revised recommendations for immunizing HIV-infected adults and adolescents and HIV-exposed or infected children. JF - Annals of internal medicine AU - Masur, Henry AU - Kaplan, Jonathan E AU - Holmes, King K AU - U.S. Public Health Service AU - Infectious Diseases Society of America AD - National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. ; U.S. Public Health Service ; Infectious Diseases Society of America Y1 - 2002/09/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 03 SP - 435 EP - 478 VL - 137 IS - 5 Pt 2 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Travel KW - Hepatitis C -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Food KW - Humans KW - Chickenpox -- prevention & control KW - Child KW - Cryptococcosis -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Sarcoma, Kaposi -- prevention & control KW - Adult KW - Bartonella Infections -- prevention & control KW - Cytomegalovirus Infections -- prevention & control KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- prevention & control KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Herpes Simplex -- prevention & control KW - Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral -- prevention & control KW - Gastrointestinal Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Papillomavirus Infections -- prevention & control KW - Cryptosporidiosis -- prevention & control KW - Tuberculosis -- prevention & control KW - Pneumonia, Pneumocystis -- prevention & control KW - Bacterial Infections -- prevention & control KW - Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection -- prevention & control KW - Candidiasis -- prevention & control KW - Herpes Zoster -- prevention & control KW - Environmental Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous KW - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72851529?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+internal+medicine&rft.atitle=Guidelines+for+preventing+opportunistic+infections+among+HIV-infected+persons--2002.+Recommendations+of+the+U.S.+Public+Health+Service+and+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America.&rft.au=Masur%2C+Henry%3BKaplan%2C+Jonathan+E%3BHolmes%2C+King+K%3BU.S.+Public+Health+Service%3BInfectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.aulast=Masur&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.date=2002-09-03&rft.volume=137&rft.issue=5+Pt+2&rft.spage=435&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+internal+medicine&rft.issn=1539-3704&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Near synchronous methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus external auditory canal abscesses in 2 pediatric siblings. AN - 85359348; pmid-12297817 JF - Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery AU - Buchalter, Gregory M AD - Ear, Nose, and Throat Department, Phoenix Indian Medical Center, Arizona 85016, USA. Gregory.Buchalter@pimc.ihs.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 238 EP - 240 VL - 127 IS - 3 SN - 0194-5998, 0194-5998 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - *Abscess: microbiology KW - Abscess: therapy KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents: therapeutic use KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Combined Modality Therapy KW - *Community-Acquired Infections: microbiology KW - DNA, Bacterial: analysis KW - DNA, Bacterial: genetics KW - Drainage KW - Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field KW - Female KW - Genotype KW - Humans KW - *Methicillin Resistance KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests KW - *Otitis Externa: microbiology KW - Otitis Externa: therapy KW - *Staphylococcal Infections: microbiology KW - Staphylococcal Infections: therapy KW - Staphylococcus aureus: genetics KW - Suppuration KW - Treatment Outcome UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85359348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Otolaryngology--head+and+neck+surgery+%3A+official+journal+of+American+Academy+of+Otolaryngology-Head+and+Neck+Surgery&rft.atitle=Near+synchronous+methicillin-resistant+Staphylococcus+aureus+external+auditory+canal+abscesses+in+2+pediatric+siblings.&rft.au=Buchalter%2C+Gregory+M&rft.aulast=Buchalter&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=238&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Otolaryngology--head+and+neck+surgery+%3A+official+journal+of+American+Academy+of+Otolaryngology-Head+and+Neck+Surgery&rft.issn=01945998&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A method for estimation of bias and variability of continuous gas monitor data: application to carbon monoxide monitor accuracy. AN - 72827411; 12529909 AB - A method is presented for the evaluation of the bias, variability, and accuracy of gas monitors. This method is based on using the parameters for the fitted response curves of the monitors. Thereby, variability between calibrations, between dates within each calibration period, and between different units can be evaluated at several different standard concentrations. By combining variability information with bias information, accuracy can be assessed. An example using carbon monoxide monitor data is provided. Although the most general statistical software required for these tasks is not available on a spreadsheet, when the same number of dates in a calibration period are evaluated for each monitor unit, the calculations can be done on a spreadsheet. An example of such calculations, together with the formulas needed for their implementation, is provided. In addition, the methods can be extended by use of appropriate statistical models and software to evaluate monitor trends within calibration periods, as well as consider the effects of other variables, such as humidity and temperature, on monitor variability and bias. JF - AIHA journal : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety AU - Shulman, Stanley A AU - Smith, Jerome P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, 4676 Columbia Parkway-R3, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. PY - 2002 SP - 559 EP - 566 VL - 63 IS - 5 SN - 1542-8117, 1542-8117 KW - Carbon Monoxide KW - 7U1EE4V452 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Calibration KW - Models, Statistical KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Carbon Monoxide -- analysis KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72827411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIHA+journal+%3A+a+journal+for+the+science+of+occupational+and+environmental+health+and+safety&rft.atitle=A+method+for+estimation+of+bias+and+variability+of+continuous+gas+monitor+data%3A+application+to+carbon+monoxide+monitor+accuracy.&rft.au=Shulman%2C+Stanley+A%3BSmith%2C+Jerome+P&rft.aulast=Shulman&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=559&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIHA+journal+%3A+a+journal+for+the+science+of+occupational+and+environmental+health+and+safety&rft.issn=15428117&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-20 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Research and dissemination needs for ergonomics in agriculture. AN - 72794430; 12500960 AB - In 1998, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health convened a conference of researchers interested in the ergonomics of agricultural workers. Participants included 20 representatives from universities, state governments, private agricultural and insurance companies, migrant worker organizations, agricultural industry organizations, and the Agricultural Extension Service. The attendees divided into three groups and brainstormed about research ideas and dissemination methods related to ergonomics for farm workers. The groups separately reported that interventions, cost-benefit analyses, and cultural belief systems were the main topics that needed to be researched to reduce physical risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders. The participants also presented ideas for disseminating information to farm owners and workers. JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Estill, Cheryl Fairfield AU - Baron, Sherry AU - Steege, Andrea L Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 440 EP - 445 VL - 117 IS - 5 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Focus Groups KW - Attitude to Health KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Research KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Health Priorities KW - Occupational Health KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- ethnology KW - Human Engineering KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- ethnology KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72794430?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=Research+and+dissemination+needs+for+ergonomics+in+agriculture.&rft.au=Estill%2C+Cheryl+Fairfield%3BBaron%2C+Sherry%3BSteege%2C+Andrea+L&rft.aulast=Estill&rft.aufirst=Cheryl&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=440&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-28 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Derived trail making test indices in a sample of narcotic/other opiate abusers: demographic effects. AN - 72777380; 12487096 AB - Derived indices on the Trail Making Test (TMT), a test often used to screen for cognitive impairment, were examined in a sample of 191 narcotic/other opiate abusers in drug abuse treatment programs. A mixed race sample was drawn from electronic files of data from the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS). The DATOS was a naturalistic, prospective cohort study that collected data from 1991-1993 in 96 programs in 11 cities in the United States. Data were analyzed to determine the effects of demographic variables on derived indices created by adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing parts A and B of the TMT in this large treatment sample of substance abusers. The variables of age, ethnicity, and education were statistically significant for the total score (A + B) and interaction score (A x B/100) derived indices of the TMT. In addition, the difference score (B - A) was statistically significant for education. The ratio score (B/A) was not significant for any demographic variable. JF - The International journal of neuroscience AU - Horton, Arthur MacNeill AU - Roberts, Charles AD - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockwall II Building, Suite 840, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. ahorton@samhsa.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - September 2002 SP - 1075 EP - 1084 VL - 112 IS - 9 SN - 0020-7454, 0020-7454 KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Educational Status KW - Sex Factors KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Demography KW - Prospective Studies KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Middle Aged KW - Data Collection KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Trail Making Test KW - Opioid-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Cognition Disorders -- etiology KW - Opioid-Related Disorders -- psychology KW - Opioid-Related Disorders -- complications KW - Cognition Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Cognition Disorders -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72777380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.atitle=Derived+trail+making+test+indices+in+a+sample+of+narcotic%2Fother+opiate+abusers%3A+demographic+effects.&rft.au=Horton%2C+Arthur+MacNeill%3BRoberts%2C+Charles&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1075&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.issn=00207454&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-09 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sentinel human health indicators: to evaluate the health status of vulnerable communities. AN - 72657000; 12425177 AB - The presence of toxic substances in the Great Lakes (GL) basin continues to be a significant concern. In the United States, some 70,000 commercial and industrial compounds are now in use. More than 30,000 are produced or used in the Great Lakes ecosystem. These substances include organochlorines (e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, furans, dieldrin, etc.), heavy metals such as methylmercury, and alkylated lead, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzo[a]pyrene). The IJC has identified 42 locations in the GL basin of the United States and Canada as Areas of Concern (AOCs) because of high concentrations of these toxic substances. In 1990 the U.S. Congress amended the Great Lakes Critical Programs Act to create The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Great Lakes Human Health Effects Research Program (GLHHERP) to begin to address these issues. This program characterizes exposures to contaminants via consumption of GL fish and investigates the potential for short- and long-term adverse health effects. This paper reviews the GLHHERP program and indicators established to monitor and address the risks posed by these substances to vulnerable populations in the Great Lakes ecosystem. JF - Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique AU - Hicks, Heraline E AU - De Rosa, Christopher T AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Road NE, M/S E-29, Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, USA. heh2@cdc.gov PY - 2002 SP - S57 EP - S61 VL - 93 Suppl 1 SN - 0008-4263, 0008-4263 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Index Medicus KW - Ecosystem KW - Public Health KW - Great Lakes Region -- epidemiology KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - Sentinel Surveillance KW - Health Status Indicators KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72657000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+journal+of+public+health+%3D+Revue+canadienne+de+sante+publique&rft.atitle=Sentinel+human+health+indicators%3A+to+evaluate+the+health+status+of+vulnerable+communities.&rft.au=Hicks%2C+Heraline+E%3BDe+Rosa%2C+Christopher+T&rft.aulast=Hicks&rft.aufirst=Heraline&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=93+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+journal+of+public+health+%3D+Revue+canadienne+de+sante+publique&rft.issn=00084263&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NTP Technical Report on the metabolism, toxicity and predicted carcinogenicity of diazoaminobenzene (CAS No. 136-35-6). AN - 72162372; 12370695 AB - Diazoaminobenzene is used as an intermediate, complexing agent, and polymer additive. It is also an impurity in certain color additives used in cosmetics, food products, and pharmaceuticals. Diazoaminobenzene was selected for metabolism and toxicity studies based on the potential for worker exposure from its use in laboratories, positive Salmonella typhimurium gene mutation data, its presence as an impurity in foods and cosmetics, and the lack of adequate toxicity data. Several structural analogues and presumed metabolites of diazoaminobenzene are carcinogenic, providing evidence for the possible carcinogenicity of diazoaminobenzene. The chemical structure of diazoaminobenzene suggested that it would be metabolized into aniline and benzene; therefore, metabolism and disposition studies were performed in male and female F344/N rats and male B6C3F1 mice administered a single oral, dermal, or intravenous dose of diazoaminobenzene. Electron spin resonance (ESR) studies were conducted to assess the possible formation of a phenyl radical from the reduction of diazoaminobenzene by components of the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase (P450) system in microsomes or by gut microflora in anaerobic cecal incubations. Bile duct-cannulated male F344/N rats were administered diazoaminobenzene and 5,5-dimethyl-1- pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) for in vivo determination of the DMPO-phenyl radical. 16-Day toxicity studies were performed to identify target organs of diazoaminobenzene following dermal application to male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. In the disposition and metabolism studies, oral doses of 20 mg/kg to male and female rats and male mice were readily absorbed and excreted mainly in the urine, with exhalation of volatile organics accounting for about 1% of the dose. The only volatile metabolite detected in the breath was benzene, and all the metabolites in the urine were those previously shown to result from the metabolism of benzene and aniline in rats and mice. While dermal doses to rats and mice (2 and 20 mg/cm2) were only slightly absorbed, benzene and aniline metabolites were nonetheless detected in the urine. High circulating levels of benzene, aniline, and their metabolites were detected in the blood of rats administered 20 mg/kg diazoaminobenzene as early as 15 minutes after exposure. At 24 hours after dosing, diazoaminobenzene was detected at low levels (<1%) in the adipose tissue, blood, kidney, liver, muscle, skin, and spleen. Metabolites of benzene and aniline were also formed in an in vitro study using human liver slices. In the ESR spin-trapping experiments, the ESR spectrum of the DMPO-phenyl radical was detected when diazoaminobenzene was incubated with microsomes or P450 reductase, DMPO, and NADPH, or when incubated with cecal contents and DMPO. The DMPO-phenyl radical spectrum was not attenuated by the P450 inhibitor, 1-aminobenzotriazole, or carbon monoxide suggesting that P450s were not required. In in vivo experiments in which rats were administered diazoaminobenzene and DMPO, the DMPO-phenyl radical adduct was detected in bile within 1 hour after treatment. In the 16-day toxicity studies, groups of five male and five female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice received dermal applications of 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg diazoaminobenzene/kg body weight. Animals were evaluated for absolute and relative organ weights, for hematological effects, and for gross and microscopic lesions. No mortality occurred in rats. However, most male mice exposed to concentrations of 50 mg/kg or greater and female mice exposed to 200 mg/kg died. Body weights of male and female rats and female mice were less than those of the vehicle controls. Similar chemical-related toxicities were observed in both species. Clinical pathology data indicated a chemical-related methemoglobinemia and Heinz body formation in male and female rats and mice. Analysis of organ weights indicated possible chemical-related effects in the thymus, heart, spleen, kidney, and liver of rats and/or mice. Increases in the incidences of several skin lesionseral skin lesions, including hyperplasia of the epidermis and hair follicles, and inflammation in rats and mice and ulceration in female mice were observed. Other nonneoplastic lesions that were considered to be related to diazoaminobenzene administration were atrophy of the thymus, mandibular and/or mesenteric lymph nodes, and white pulp of the spleen, as well as splenic hematopoietic cell proliferation in rats and mice. In mice, there were increased incidences of atrial thrombosis, and necrosis was observed in the renal tubules and liver. Diazoaminobenzene was mutagenic in S. typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, and TA1537 with induced rat or hamster liver S9 enzymes; no activity was noted in strain TA1535, with or without S9. In vivo, two gavage administrations of either diazoaminobenzene or benzene induced highly significant increases in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow of male B6C3F1 mice at all doses tested. Diazoaminobenzene is metabolized to the known carcinogens benzene and aniline. Further evidence of this metabolism is that some toxic effects associated with aniline (methemoglobinemia) and benzene (atrophy of the lymphoid tissue) were identified. Based on these results, it is predicted that diazoaminobenzene is a carcinogen. JF - Toxicity report series AU - Ress, Nancy B AU - National Toxicology Program AD - National Toxicology Program, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, PHS/NIH, Washington, DC, USA. ; National Toxicology Program Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - September 2002 SP - 1 EP - 23, A1-C6 IS - 73 SN - 1521-4621, 1521-4621 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Triazenes KW - 1,3-diphenyl-1-triazene KW - 5T4EEW75HJ KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Intestinal Absorption KW - Mice KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Pregnancy KW - Rats KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Triazenes -- pharmacokinetics KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Female KW - Triazenes -- toxicity KW - Cricetinae KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72162372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicity+report+series&rft.atitle=NTP+Technical+Report+on+the+metabolism%2C+toxicity+and+predicted+carcinogenicity+of+diazoaminobenzene+%28CAS+No.+136-35-6%29.&rft.au=Ress%2C+Nancy+B%3BNational+Toxicology+Program&rft.aulast=Ress&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=73&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicity+report+series&rft.issn=15214621&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-01 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of magnesium sulfate and sodium sulfate for removal of water from pesticide extracts of foods. AN - 72161467; 12374418 AB - Water-miscible solvents, such as acetone and acetonitrile, effectively extract both polar and nonpolar pesticide residues from nonfatty foods. The addition of sodium chloride to the resulting acetonitrile-water or acetone-water extract (salting out) results in the separation of the water from the organic solvent. However, the organic solvent layer (pesticide extract) still contains some residual water, which can adversely affect separation procedures that follow, such as solid-phase extraction and/or gas chromatography. Drying agents, such as sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate, are used to remove the water from the organic extracts. In the present study, we used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study the composition of the phases resulting from salting out and to compare the effectiveness of sodium sulfate and magnesium sulfate as drying agents. The study showed that considerable amounts of water remained in the organic phase after phase separation. Sodium sulfate was a relatively ineffective drying agent, removing little or no residual water from the organic solvent. Magnesium sulfate proved to be a much more effective drying agent. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Schenck, Frank J AU - Callery, Patrick AU - Gannett, Peter M AU - Daft, Jonathan R AU - Lehotay, Steven J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Southeastern Regional Laboratory, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA. fschenck@ora.fda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 1177 EP - 1180 VL - 85 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - 0 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Sulfates KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - sodium sulfate KW - 0YPR65R21J KW - Magnesium Sulfate KW - 7487-88-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Desiccation KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Fabaceae -- chemistry KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Magnesium Sulfate -- chemistry KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Sulfates -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72161467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+magnesium+sulfate+and+sodium+sulfate+for+removal+of+water+from+pesticide+extracts+of+foods.&rft.au=Schenck%2C+Frank+J%3BCallery%2C+Patrick%3BGannett%2C+Peter+M%3BDaft%2C+Jonathan+R%3BLehotay%2C+Steven+J&rft.aulast=Schenck&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-01 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Specific detection of Clostridium botulinum types A, B, E, and F using the polymerase chain reaction. AN - 72157402; 12374399 AB - Clostridium botulinum organisms generally produce 1 of 4 neurotoxin types (A, B, E, and F) associated with human illness. Neurotoxin type determination is important in identification of the bacterium. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was developed to identify 24 h botulinal cultures as potential types A, B, E, and F neurotoxin producers as well as other clostridial species which also produce neurotoxins. Components of the PCR and amplification conditions were adjusted for optimal amplification of toxin gene target regions to enable simultaneous testing for types A, B, E, and F in separate tubes using a single thermal cycler. Each primer set was specific for its corresponding toxin type. A DNA extraction procedure was also included to remove inhibitory substances that may affect amplification. This procedure is rapid, sensitive, and specific for identification of toxigenic C. botulinum. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Craven, Kathy E AU - Ferreira, Joseph L AU - Harrison, Mark A AU - Edmonds, Paul AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Southeast Regional Laboratory, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA. kcraven@ora.fda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 1025 EP - 1028 VL - 85 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - DNA Primers KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Botulinum Toxins KW - EC 3.4.24.69 KW - Index Medicus KW - DNA, Bacterial -- isolation & purification KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - DNA, Bacterial -- analysis KW - DNA Primers -- analysis KW - Botulinum Toxins -- analysis KW - Clostridium botulinum -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72157402?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Specific+detection+of+Clostridium+botulinum+types+A%2C+B%2C+E%2C+and+F+using+the+polymerase+chain+reaction.&rft.au=Craven%2C+Kathy+E%3BFerreira%2C+Joseph+L%3BHarrison%2C+Mark+A%3BEdmonds%2C+Paul&rft.aulast=Craven&rft.aufirst=Kathy&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1025&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-01 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of visual immunoassay and chromogenic culture medium for the presence of Listeria spp. in foods. AN - 72156865; 12374421 AB - Two rapid screening methods [the TECRA Listeria Visual Immunoassay (LIS-VIS) kit, an AOAC-approved 48 h visual test, which detects Listeria through colorimetry, and BCM Listeria isolation and differentiation plating agar] were used to screen U.S. Food and Drug Administration-regulated commodities for the presence of Listeria spp. Seventy-four different food samples were screened for the presence of Listeria spp. by using both protocols. Test results for the TECRA LIS-VIA showed 66 negative samples and 1 false positive, with 4 confirmed as L. monocytogenes and 3 as L. innocua. With the BCM agar, 67 samples were negative, 4 were confirmed as L. monocytogenes, and 3 were confirmed as L. innocua. Both methods showed similar results and were effective screening tools for Listeria spp. in foods. The BCM agar method proved to be a rapid, sensitive, and excellent tool for early screening and differentiation of Listeria spp. present in foods. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Istafanos, Philip AU - James, Lawrence AU - Hunt, Jan AD - pistafan@ora.fda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 1201 EP - 1203 VL - 85 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Coloring Agents KW - 0 KW - Culture Media KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Reagent Kits, Diagnostic KW - Index Medicus KW - Immunoassay KW - Food Microbiology KW - Listeria -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72156865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+visual+immunoassay+and+chromogenic+culture+medium+for+the+presence+of+Listeria+spp.+in+foods.&rft.au=Istafanos%2C+Philip%3BJames%2C+Lawrence%3BHunt%2C+Jan&rft.aulast=Istafanos&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-01 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Confirmation of phenylbutazone residues in bovine kidney by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. AN - 72155977; 12374396 AB - A confirmatory method is described for phenylbutazone (PB) residues in bovine kidney tissue. Ground kidney tissue is diluted with water, and the mixture is made basic with 25% ammonium hydroxide in water; the lipids are extracted with ethyl and petroleum ethers. The ether layer is discarded, and the tissue is acidified with 6N HCl. PB residues are extracted with tetrahydrofuranhexane (1 + 4). The extract is passed through a silica solid-phase extraction column, and the eluate is evaporated to dryness. The residue is dissolved in acidified acetonitrile-water-acetic acid (50 + 49.4 + 0.6). A single quadrupole mass spectrometer coupled to a liquid chromatograph with an electrospray interface is used to confirm the identity of the PB residues in the kidney extract. Negative-ion detection with selected-ion monitoring of 4 ions is used. Sets of control and fortified-control kidney tissues (at 50, 100, and 200 ppb PB) and several kidney tissue field samples were analyzed for method validation. The method was tested further during the course of a survey to determine the incidence of PB residues in bovine kidney samples obtained from slaughterhouses across the country. In addition, the method was tested for use with an ion-trap mass spectrometer coupled to a liquid chromatograph, which allowed confirmation of PB at lower levels (5-10 ppb) in kidney tissue. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Clark, Susan B AU - Turnipseed, Sherri B AU - Nandrea, Gene J AU - Madson, Mark R AU - Hurlbut, Jeffrey A AU - Sofos, John N AD - sclark1@ora.fda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 1009 EP - 1014 VL - 85 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal KW - 0 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Phenylbutazone KW - GN5P7K3T8S KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Reference Standards KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Kidney -- chemistry KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal -- analysis KW - Phenylbutazone -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72155977?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Confirmation+of+phenylbutazone+residues+in+bovine+kidney+by+liquid+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Clark%2C+Susan+B%3BTurnipseed%2C+Sherri+B%3BNandrea%2C+Gene+J%3BMadson%2C+Mark+R%3BHurlbut%2C+Jeffrey+A%3BSofos%2C+John+N&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1009&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-01 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of enteroviruses in shellfish by fluorogenic polymerase chain reaction integrated with 96-well microplate scanning. AN - 72155549; 12374402 AB - A one-step procedure was developed to confirm viral targets by using a fluorometric 96-well microplate scanner following polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The fluorogenic PCR, integrated with fluorometric scanning, measured the end point fluorescence of viral PCR amplicon/probe hybrids and permitted the use of nonfluorogenic PCR conditions with addition of a Cy3 fluorophore-labeled linear probe for viruses. This linear probe generated higher ratios of viral signal-to-noise than a comparative beacon probe. Detection efficiency with a Cy3/quencher linear probe was comparable with Southern analysis at the level > or = 0.27 plaque-forming units (PFU) of poliovirus/PCR. For the reaction containing < 0.27 PFU, the fluorometric measurements of the first-round PCR viral amplicon were not as sensitive as Southern analysis; however, equivalent sensitivities were achieved with fluorogenic nested PCR. Concentrates of 11 oyster samples exposed to municipal sewage were tested for enteroviruses; the fluorogenic detection correlated 100% with Southern analysis. This method using fluorometric scanning of viral amplicon is simple; it requires neither continuously monitoring equipment nor redesigning PCR primers; and it accurately detects enteroviruses in oyster sample concentrates in less time than classic spectrophotometry or Southern analysis. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Shieh, Y Carol AU - Baric, Ralph S AD - yshieh@cfsan.fda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 1045 EP - 1051 VL - 85 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - DNA, Viral KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - Index Medicus KW - Ostreidae -- virology KW - Ostreidae -- chemistry KW - Animals KW - DNA, Viral -- analysis KW - Blotting, Southern KW - Fluorometry KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Viruses -- chemistry KW - Shellfish -- analysis KW - Shellfish -- virology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72155549?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Detection+of+enteroviruses+in+shellfish+by+fluorogenic+polymerase+chain+reaction+integrated+with+96-well+microplate+scanning.&rft.au=Shieh%2C+Y+Carol%3BBaric%2C+Ralph+S&rft.aulast=Shieh&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1045&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-01 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incident diabetes associated with antipsychotic use in the United Kingdom general practice research database. AN - 72153184; 12363114 AB - Recent reports suggest an association between antipsychotic use and development or exacerbation of diabetes. This study evaluated the risk of incident diabetes associated with the use of atypical and conventional antipsychotics. This nested case-control study included all patients in the U.K. General Practice Research Database treated with antipsychotic drugs between January 1994 and December 1998. The main outcome measures were the odds ratios of current (within prior 6 months) or recent (7 to 12 months) antipsychotic exposure among those with (N = 424) compared with those without incident diabetes (N = 1522). The adjusted odds ratio for current use of any antipsychotic drug compared with no use in the past year among those with diabetes was 1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3 to 2.3). The adjusted odds ratio for current use of atypical and conventional antipsychotic drugs compared with no use in the past year among those with diabetes was 4.7 (95% CI = 1.5 to 14.9) and 1.7 (95% CI = 1.2 to 2.3), respectively. The adjusted odds ratio for recent use of conventional antipsychotic drugs compared with no use in the past year among those with diabetes was 1.0 (95% CI = 0.6 to 1.6). The odds ratio for recent atypical antipsychotic drug use could not be calculated because no study subjects had this exposure. This study showed an increased risk of incident diabetes among current users of atypical and conventional antipsychotic medications. These results were independent of other established risk factors. The larger association observed for atypical antipsychotic users should be regarded as preliminary given the small number of incident diabetes cases in this group. JF - The Journal of clinical psychiatry AU - Kornegay, Cynthia J AU - Vasilakis-Scaramozza, Catherine AU - Jick, Hershel AD - Office of Drug Safety, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. Kornegayc@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - September 2002 SP - 758 EP - 762 VL - 63 IS - 9 SN - 0160-6689, 0160-6689 KW - Antipsychotic Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Age Factors KW - Humans KW - Hypoglycemia -- epidemiology KW - Hypoglycemia -- chemically induced KW - Practice Patterns, Physicians' -- statistics & numerical data KW - United Kingdom -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Psychotic Disorders -- drug therapy KW - Family Practice -- statistics & numerical data KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- chemically induced KW - Antipsychotic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- epidemiology KW - Antipsychotic Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72153184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+clinical+psychiatry&rft.atitle=Incident+diabetes+associated+with+antipsychotic+use+in+the+United+Kingdom+general+practice+research+database.&rft.au=Kornegay%2C+Cynthia+J%3BVasilakis-Scaramozza%2C+Catherine%3BJick%2C+Hershel&rft.aulast=Kornegay&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=758&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+clinical+psychiatry&rft.issn=01606689&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-11 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Audiometric findings in workers exposed to low levels of styrene and noise. AN - 72085736; 12227672 AB - Audiometry and exposure measurements were conducted on workers from fiberglass and metal products manufacturing plants and a mail distribution terminal (N = 313). Workers exposed to noise and styrene had significantly worse pure-tone thresholds at 2, 3, 4, and 6 kHz when compared with noise-exposed or nonexposed workers. Age, noise exposure, and urinary mandelic acid (a biologic marker for styrene) were the variables that met the significance level criterion in the multiple logistic regression. The odds ratios for hearing loss were 1.19 for each increment of 1 year of age (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-1.28), 1.18 for every decibel >85 dB(A) of noise exposure (95% CI, 1.01-1.34), and 2.44 for each millimole of mandelic acid per gram of creatinine in urine (95% CI, 1.01-5.89). Our findings suggest that exposure to styrene even below recommended values had a toxic effect on the auditory system. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Morata, Thais C AU - Johnson, Ann-Christin AU - Nylen, Per AU - Svensson, Eva B AU - Cheng, Jun AU - Krieg, Edward F AU - Lindblad, Ann-Cathrine AU - Ernstgård, Lena AU - Franks, John AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. tmorata@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - September 2002 SP - 806 EP - 814 VL - 44 IS - 9 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Mandelic Acids KW - 0 KW - Styrene KW - 44LJ2U959V KW - Creatinine KW - AYI8EX34EU KW - mandelic acid KW - NH496X0UJX KW - Index Medicus KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Creatinine -- urine KW - Audiometry KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Sweden -- epidemiology KW - Mandelic Acids -- urine KW - Middle Aged KW - Female KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Hearing Loss -- epidemiology KW - Styrene -- analysis KW - Styrene -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Noise, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Hearing Loss -- etiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72085736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Audiometric+findings+in+workers+exposed+to+low+levels+of+styrene+and+noise.&rft.au=Morata%2C+Thais+C%3BJohnson%2C+Ann-Christin%3BNylen%2C+Per%3BSvensson%2C+Eva+B%3BCheng%2C+Jun%3BKrieg%2C+Edward+F%3BLindblad%2C+Ann-Cathrine%3BErnstg%C3%A5rd%2C+Lena%3BFranks%2C+John&rft.aulast=Morata&rft.aufirst=Thais&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=806&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using a filter bypass leakage test for aerosol sampling cassettes. AN - 72066416; 12216585 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Baron, Paul A AD - Division of Applied Research and Technology, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - September 2002 SP - 593 EP - 597 VL - 17 IS - 9 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Occupational Health KW - Micropore Filters KW - Equipment Design KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Equipment Safety KW - Aerosols -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Materials Testing -- instrumentation KW - Respiratory Protective Devices -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72066416?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Using+a+filter+bypass+leakage+test+for+aerosol+sampling+cassettes.&rft.au=Baron%2C+Paul+A&rft.aulast=Baron&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=593&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mice deficient in TNF receptors are protected against dopaminergic neurotoxicity: implications for Parkinson's disease. AN - 72048827; 12205053 AB - The pathogenic mechanisms underlying idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) remain enigmatic. Recent findings suggest that inflammatory processes are associated with several neurodegenerative disorders, including PD. Enhanced expression of the proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, has been found in association with glial cells in the substantia nigra of patients with PD. To determine the potential role for TNF-alpha in PD, we examined the effects of the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a dopaminergic neurotoxin that mimics some of the key features associated with PD, using transgenic mice lacking TNF receptors. Administration of MPTP to wild-type (+/+) mice resulted in a time-dependent expression of TNF-alpha in striatum, which preceded the loss of dopaminergic markers and reactive gliosis. In contrast, transgenic mice carrying homozygous mutant alleles for both the TNF receptors (TNFR-DKO), but not the individual receptors, were completely protected against the dopaminergic neurotoxicity of MPTP. The data indicate that the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha is an obligatory component of dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Moreover, because TNF-alpha is synthesized predominantly by microglia and astrocytes, our findings implicate the participation of glial cells in MPTP-induced neurotoxicity. Similar mechanisms may underlie the etiopathogenesis of PD. JF - FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology AU - Sriram, Krishnan AU - Matheson, Joanna M AU - Benkovic, Stanley A AU - Miller, Diane B AU - Luster, Michael I AU - O'Callaghan, James P AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-NIOSH, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - September 2002 SP - 1474 EP - 1476 VL - 16 IS - 11 KW - Dopamine Agents KW - 0 KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine KW - 9P21XSP91P KW - Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase KW - EC 1.14.16.2 KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase -- metabolism KW - Corpus Striatum -- metabolism KW - Cytoprotection KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- biosynthesis KW - RNA, Messenger -- biosynthesis KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- genetics KW - Mice, Knockout KW - Parkinson Disease -- etiology KW - Kinetics KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine -- pharmacology KW - Gliosis -- etiology KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Models, Neurological KW - Gliosis -- chemically induced KW - Male KW - Dopamine Agents -- toxicity KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor -- physiology KW - Dopamine Agents -- pharmacology KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- physiology KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- genetics KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor -- genetics KW - MPTP Poisoning -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72048827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FASEB+journal+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Federation+of+American+Societies+for+Experimental+Biology&rft.atitle=Mice+deficient+in+TNF+receptors+are+protected+against+dopaminergic+neurotoxicity%3A+implications+for+Parkinson%27s+disease.&rft.au=Sriram%2C+Krishnan%3BMatheson%2C+Joanna+M%3BBenkovic%2C+Stanley+A%3BMiller%2C+Diane+B%3BLuster%2C+Michael+I%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+James+P&rft.aulast=Sriram&rft.aufirst=Krishnan&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1474&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FASEB+journal+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Federation+of+American+Societies+for+Experimental+Biology&rft.issn=1530-6860&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-11 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improving the health of workers in indoor environments: priority research needs for a national occupational research agenda. AN - 72031462; 12197969 AB - Indoor nonindustrial work environments were designated a priority research area through the nationwide stakeholder process that created the National Occupational Research Agenda. A multidisciplinary research team used member consensus and quantitative estimates, with extensive external review, to develop a specific research agenda. The team outlined the following priority research topics: building-influenced communicable respiratory infections, building-related asthma/allergic diseases, and nonspecific building-related symptoms; indoor environmental science; and methods for increasing implementation of healthful building practices. Available data suggest that improving building environments may result in health benefits for more than 15 million of the 89 million US indoor workers, with estimated economic benefits of $5 to $75 billion annually. Research on these topics, requiring new collaborations and resources, offers enormous potential health and economic returns. JF - American journal of public health AU - Mendell, Mark J AU - Fisk, William J AU - Kreiss, Kathleen AU - Levin, Hal AU - Alexander, Darryl AU - Cain, William S AU - Girman, John R AU - Hines, Cynthia J AU - Jensen, Paul A AU - Milton, Donald K AU - Rexroat, Larry P AU - Wallingford, Kenneth M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. mjmendell@lbl.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - September 2002 SP - 1430 EP - 1440 VL - 92 IS - 9 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Occupational Health KW - Efficiency KW - Cost of Illness KW - Humans KW - Respiration Disorders -- etiology KW - Employer Health Costs KW - Workplace KW - Respiration Disorders -- economics KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Inhalation Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- economics KW - Occupational Diseases -- economics KW - Health Services Research KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- economics KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Health Priorities KW - Occupational Exposure -- economics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72031462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Improving+the+health+of+workers+in+indoor+environments%3A+priority+research+needs+for+a+national+occupational+research+agenda.&rft.au=Mendell%2C+Mark+J%3BFisk%2C+William+J%3BKreiss%2C+Kathleen%3BLevin%2C+Hal%3BAlexander%2C+Darryl%3BCain%2C+William+S%3BGirman%2C+John+R%3BHines%2C+Cynthia+J%3BJensen%2C+Paul+A%3BMilton%2C+Donald+K%3BRexroat%2C+Larry+P%3BWallingford%2C+Kenneth+M&rft.aulast=Mendell&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1430&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Epidemiol. 1982 Nov;116(5):828-33 [6293304] Bull N Y Acad Med. 1981 Dec;57(10):907-21 [6274457] J Infect Dis. 1987 Sep;156(3):442-8 [3039011] Eur J Epidemiol. 1987 Dec;3(4):327-35 [2446913] Ann Occup Hyg. 1987;31(4A):493-504 [3439759] JAMA. 1988 Apr 8;259(14):2108-12 [3346987] Am J Epidemiol. 1989 Feb;129(2):319-40 [2536217] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 Nov;140(5):1363-7 [2817598] Occup Med. 1989 Oct-Dec;4(4):575-92 [2690375] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991 Aug;144(2):302-6 [1907115] Am J Public Health. 1993 Jan;83(1):89-93 [8417614] Annu Rev Public Health. 1993;14:491-513 [8323600] Am J Public Health. 1993 Sep;83(9):1326-9 [8363011] J Infect Dis. 1994 Jan;169(1):91-4 [8277202] N Engl J Med. 1994 Sep 8;331(10):643-8 [8052273] Arch Intern Med. 1994 Oct 24;154(20):2339-45 [7944856] Int J Epidemiol. 1994 Dec;23(6):1190-7 [7721522] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1995 Feb;21(1):51-9 [7784865] Eur J Epidemiol. 1995 Apr;11(2):213-6 [7672078] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1996 Feb;22(1):5-13 [8685674] J Am Geriatr Soc. 1996 Aug;44(8):910-3 [8708299] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996 Sep;154(3 Pt 1):654-60 [8810601] Epidemiology. 1996 Nov;7(6):583-9 [8899383] Acta Otolaryngol. 1997 Sep;117(5):724-7 [9349870] Am J Ind Med. 1998 Jan;33(1):1-10 [9408523] Am J Public Health. 1998 Mar;88(3):353-6 [9518963] Allergy. 1998 Feb;53(2):120-8 [9534909] Arch Environ Health. 1998 May-Jun;53(3):190-5 [9814714] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1998 Oct;71(7):479-86 [9826081] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1998 Dec 4;47(47):1022-5 [9853939] Indoor Air. 1999 Sep;9(3):165-79 [10439554] Am J Hyg. 1948 Sep;48(2):240-51 [18885749] Indoor Air. 1999 Dec;9(4):226-52 [10649857] Indoor Air. 2000 Sep;10(3):138-45 [10979195] Ann Intern Med. 2000 Nov 21;133(10):779-89 [11085840] Indoor Air. 2000 Dec;10(4):212-21 [11089326] Indoor Air. 2000 Dec;10(4):222-36 [11089327] Indoor Air. 2000 Jun;10(2):82-91 [11980106] Indoor Air. 2000 Jun;10(2):92-100 [11980107] Bacteriol Rev. 1966 Sep;30(3):517-29 [5920335] Am J Med. 1974 Sep;57(3):466-75 [4212915] Ann Intern Med. 1978 Apr;88(4):463-7 [205151] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1980;353:147-56 [6261640] Am J Epidemiol. 1987 Apr;125(4):631-8 [3826042] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Frequency of Tk and Hprt lymphocyte mutants and bone marrow micronuclei in B6C3F(1)/Tk+/- mice treated neonatally with zidovudine and lamivudine. AN - 72014284; 12189183 AB - Mother-to-child transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus is substantially reduced by prenatal and postnatal treatment with anti-retroviral nucleoside analogues; however, the long-term consequences of these drug interventions are not known. The nucleoside analogue zidovudine (3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine; AZT) is carcinogenic in mice when administered transplacentally or neonatally, and this may be due to a genotoxic mechanism. Since single-drug treatment with AZT is being superseded by multidrug combinations, we have investigated the induction of mutations and micronuclei in mice treated neonatally with AZT, lamivudine (3'-thia-2',3'-dideoxycytidine; 3TC), or a combination of the two drugs. B6C3F(1)/Tk+/- mice were treated daily from days 1-8 of age with 200 mg AZT/kg/day, 200 mg 3TC/kg/day, or a mixture of 200 mg AZT + 200 mg 3TC/kg/day (AZT/3TC). One and 2 days after the last dose, bone marrow was collected to assess the induction of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes; 3 weeks following treatment, the induction of mutants was determined in the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (Hprt) and thymidine kinase (Tk) genes of spleen lymphocytes. AZT and AZT/3TC, but not 3TC, caused a significant increase in micronuclei, with the response being greatest one day after the last dose. None of the drugs induced mutations in the Hprt gene, while AZT and AZT/3TC, but not 3TC, caused a significant increase in the Tk mutant frequency. The increase in Tk mutants by AZT and AZT/3TC was associated with loss of the wild-type (Tk+) allele (loss of heterozygosity). These data suggest that AZT, but not 3TC, is genotoxic in neonatal mice, and that 3TC does not alter significantly the responses observed with AZT alone. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Von Tungeln, Linda S AU - Hamilton, L Patrice AU - Dobrovolsky, Vasily N AU - Bishop, Michelle E AU - Shaddock, Joseph G AU - Heflich, Robert H AU - Beland, Frederick A AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - September 2002 SP - 1427 EP - 1432 VL - 23 IS - 9 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - Lamivudine KW - 2T8Q726O95 KW - Zidovudine KW - 4B9XT59T7S KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Thymidine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.21 KW - Bromodeoxyuridine KW - G34N38R2N1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Gene Frequency KW - Mice KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Bromodeoxyuridine -- pharmacology KW - Loss of Heterozygosity KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- pharmacology KW - Drug Resistance, Neoplasm -- genetics KW - Erythrocytes -- cytology KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mutation KW - Bone Marrow -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Male KW - Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective -- drug effects KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Zidovudine -- pharmacology KW - Lymphocytes -- enzymology KW - Lamivudine -- pharmacology KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Thymidine Kinase -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72014284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Frequency+of+Tk+and+Hprt+lymphocyte+mutants+and+bone+marrow+micronuclei+in+B6C3F%281%29%2FTk%2B%2F-+mice+treated+neonatally+with+zidovudine+and+lamivudine.&rft.au=Von+Tungeln%2C+Linda+S%3BHamilton%2C+L+Patrice%3BDobrovolsky%2C+Vasily+N%3BBishop%2C+Michelle+E%3BShaddock%2C+Joseph+G%3BHeflich%2C+Robert+H%3BBeland%2C+Frederick+A&rft.aulast=Von+Tungeln&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-18 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Strategies for Improving Miners' Training. CDC Workplace Safety and Health Information Circular, 2002. AN - 62225701; ED473596 AB - These eight papers are intended to help prepare trainers of mine safety for an expected influx of younger workers as experienced miners retire and acquaint the trainers with strategies they can use to enhance their training effectiveness. "Principles of Adult Learning: Application for Mine Trainers" (Kathleen M. Kowalski, Charles Vaught) reviews the process and principles of adult learning and presents a learning model that discusses goals, content, delivery, assessment, and remediation. "Getting Through to Greenhorns: Do Old Training Styles Work with New Miners?" (Launa Mallett et al.) discusses issues related to training new generations of miners with learning style preferences and training needs that differ from those of Baby Boomers and other older miners. "An Overview of the Evaluation Process for Mine Trainers" (Launa Mallet, Dana Reinke) provides trainers and decision makers with a framework for planning and assessing training evaluation strategies; presents Kirpatrick's (2001) model of evaluation categories; and discusses how to start an evaluation plan and ways to collect data. "Innovative Alternatives to Traditional Classroom Health and Safety Training" (Michael J. Brnich et al.) discusses a technique for incorporating worker participation into fire prevention and safe equipment operation training. "Considerations in Training On-the-Job Trainers" (Bill Wiehagen et al.) focuses on on-the-job training as a method for teaching miners safety and production skills. "Releasing the Energy of Workers to Create a Safer Workplace: The Value of Using Mentors to Enhance Safety Training" (Thomas W.Camm, Elaine T. Cullen) discusses the mentor-protege model for teaching miners. "Developing Toolbox Training Materials for Mining" (Floyd D.Varley, C.M.K. Boldt) describes how mine trainers can develop their own tailgate training--short (usually 10-15 minutes) weekly sessions conducted onsite prior to work shifts and involving work crews. "Communicating the Same Message with Different Media: An Example from Hearing Loss Prevention" (Robert F. Randolph et al.) discusses why multiple versions of an educational message involving different delivery systems--can reach a diverse population more effectively than a single version. (YLB) AU - Peters, Robert H. Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - September 2002 SP - 59 PB - NIOSH, Publications Dissemination, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998. Tel: 800-356-4674 (Toll Free); Fax: 513-533-8573; e-mail: pubstaft@cdc.gov; Web site: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/. For full text: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/pdfs/IC9463.pdf. KW - Miners KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Teachers KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Peer Teaching KW - Entry Workers KW - Delivery Systems KW - Young Adults KW - Coal KW - On the Job Training KW - Fire Protection KW - Models KW - Evaluation Methods KW - Occupational Safety and Health KW - Program Evaluation KW - Work Environment KW - Age Differences KW - Teaching Methods KW - Learning Modules KW - Training KW - Student Participation KW - Cognitive Style KW - Trainers KW - Mentors KW - Safety Education KW - Adult Learning KW - Older Workers KW - Student Evaluation KW - Mining KW - Accident Prevention KW - Adult Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62225701?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2002-156. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - [National Alcohol and Drug Addiction Recovery Month Kit.] AN - 62223349; ED467420 AB - The Recovery Month observance highlights the societal benefits of substance abuse treatment, lauds the contributions of treatment providers, and promotes the message that recovery from substance abuse in all its forms is possible. The observance also encourages citizens to take action to help expand and improve the availability of effective substance abuse treatment for those in need. Each year a new theme, or emphasis is selected for the observance. This year's theme is intended to focus the nations attention on the needs of Americans who severely need substance abuse treatment. The enclosed materials are designed to provide information and resources to be used to spread the word that those suffering from addiction can be helped through treatment. Specifically, these materials will target parents and families, schools and the education community, health and wellness professionals, health insurers, criminal justice systems, elected officials and civic leaders, labor and trade organizations, community organizations, the faith community, and employers. In addition, the kit includes information and resources needed to launch a comprehensive public education initiative to support local print and broadcast media efforts. Additional resources include a directory of clearinghouses and web sites, a single state agency directory, and diversity resources. (GCP) Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - September 2002 SP - 144 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Community Support KW - Rehabilitation Counseling KW - Substance Abuse KW - Public Health KW - Public Service KW - Community Involvement KW - Outcomes of Treatment KW - Mass Media Role KW - Citizen Participation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62223349?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Individual and Contextual Risks of Death among Race and Ethnic Groups in the United States AN - 60084327; 200310021 AB - An emerging area of social science research focuses on individual-level & contextual-level determinants of black-white adult mortality differentials in the US. However, no research on adult mortality differentials has distinguished multiple Hispanic subgroups, & explored the role of nativity at both the individual & contextual levels for small geographic areas. Using the 1986-1997 National Health Interview Survey-National Death Index linked file, we examine the effects of individual & contextual factors on black-white & multiple Hispanic subgroup (Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, & "other" Hispanic) differentials in adult mortality. In addition, we use a new, innovative geographic area -- the very small area -- as our contextual unit of analysis. We find that excess mortality risks for all race-ethnic groups considered are associated with not only individual characteristics, but also neighborhood characteristics. In addition, percent foreign-born in a neighborhood is protective of Hispanic subgroup mortality for Puerto Rican, Mexican American, & "other" Hispanic adults in the 45-64 age category. These findings indicate a need for future research to examine more thoroughly the pathways through which neighborhood factors affect multiple Hispanic subgroup mortality, & the role of nativity as a protective factor for older adult Hispanic mortality. 5 Tables, 65 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Journal of Health and Social Behavior AU - Huie, Stephanie A. Bond AU - Hummer, Robert A AU - Rogers, Richard G AD - Agency Healthcare Research & Quality, Center Cost & Financing Studies, Rockville, MD shuie@ahrq.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - September 2002 SP - 359 EP - 381 VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 0022-1465, 0022-1465 KW - Black Americans KW - Neighborhoods KW - Nativism KW - Racial Differences KW - Adults KW - Puerto Rican Americans KW - Whites KW - Black White Differences KW - Mortality Rates KW - Hispanic Americans KW - United States of America KW - Mexican Americans KW - Sociodemographic Factors KW - article KW - 1837: demography and human biology; demography (population studies) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60084327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Health+and+Social+Behavior&rft.atitle=Individual+and+Contextual+Risks+of+Death+among+Race+and+Ethnic+Groups+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Huie%2C+Stephanie+A.+Bond%3BHummer%2C+Robert+A%3BRogers%2C+Richard+G&rft.aulast=Huie&rft.aufirst=Stephanie+A.&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Health+and+Social+Behavior&rft.issn=00221465&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-10-30 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - JHSBA5 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality Rates; Black White Differences; Adults; Racial Differences; Nativism; Neighborhoods; Sociodemographic Factors; United States of America; Whites; Black Americans; Hispanic Americans; Mexican Americans; Puerto Rican Americans ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical proteomics: translating benchside promise into bedside reality AN - 20641757; 7921028 AB - The ultimate goal of proteomics is to characterize the information flow through protein networks. This information can be a cause, or a consequence, of disease processes. Clinical proteomics is an exciting new subdiscipline of proteomics that involves the application of proteomic technologies at the bedside, and cancer, in particular, is a model disease for studying such applications. Here, we describe proteomic technologies that are being developed to detect cancer earlier, to discover the next generation of targets and imaging biomarkers, and finally to tailor the therapy to the patient. JF - Nature Reviews: Drug Discovery AU - Petricoin, Emanuel F AU - Zoon, Kathryn C AU - Kohn, Elise C AU - Barrett, JCarl AU - Liotta, Lance A AD - FDA-NCI Clinical Proteomics Program, Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Center for Biologic Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA., petricoin@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 683 EP - 695 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building 4 Crinan Street London N1 9XW UK, [mailto:feedback@nature.com], [URL:http://www.nature.com/] VL - 1 IS - 9 SN - 1474-1784, 1474-1784 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - proteomics KW - imaging KW - biomarkers KW - Cancer KW - Models KW - W 30960:Bioinformatics & Computer Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20641757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Reviews%3A+Drug+Discovery&rft.atitle=Clinical+proteomics%3A+translating+benchside+promise+into+bedside+reality&rft.au=Petricoin%2C+Emanuel+F%3BZoon%2C+Kathryn+C%3BKohn%2C+Elise+C%3BBarrett%2C+JCarl%3BLiotta%2C+Lance+A&rft.aulast=Petricoin&rft.aufirst=Emanuel&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=683&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Reviews%3A+Drug+Discovery&rft.issn=14741784&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnrd891 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - proteomics; biomarkers; imaging; Cancer; Models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd891 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Method for Estimation of Bias and Variability of Continuous Gas Monitor Data: Application to Carbon Monoxide Monitor Accuracy AN - 18712569; 5599543 AB - A method is presented for the evaluation of the bias, variability, and accuracy of gas monitors. This method is based on using the parameters for the fitted response curves of the monitors. Thereby, variability between calibrations, between dates within each calibration period, and between different units can be evaluated at several different standard concentrations. By combining variability information with bias information, accuracy can be assessed. An example using carbon monoxide monitor data is provided. Although the most general statistical software required for these tasks is not available on a spreadsheet, when the same number of dates in a calibration period are evaluated for each monitor unit, the calculations can be done on a spreadsheet. An example of such calculations, together with the formulas needed for their implementation, is provided. In addition, the methods can be extended by use of appropriate statistical models and software to evaluate monitor trends within calibration periods, as well as consider the effects of other variables, such as humidity and temperature, on monitor variability and bias. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Shulman, SA AU - Smith, J P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, 4676 Columbia Parkway--R3, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 559 EP - 566 VL - 63 IS - 5 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - accuracy KW - bias KW - gas monitors KW - variability KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18712569?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=A+Method+for+Estimation+of+Bias+and+Variability+of+Continuous+Gas+Monitor+Data%3A+Application+to+Carbon+Monoxide+Monitor+Accuracy&rft.au=Shulman%2C+SA%3BSmith%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Shulman&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=559&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Statistical models of health risk due to microbial contamination of foods AN - 18607966; 5472852 AB - Between 6 million and 33 million cases of food-related illness are estimated to occur in the United States each year, with about 5000 episodes resulting in death. Growing concerns about the safety of food prompted the National Food Safety Initiative of 1997, the goal of which is to reduce the incidence of illness caused by food-borne pathogens. A key component of the food safety initiative is the improvement of farm-to-table risk assessment capabilities, including the development of improved dose-response models for estimating risk. When sufficient data are available, allowable contamination levels of specific micro-organisms in food are established using dose-response models to predict risk at very low doses based on experimental data at much higher doses. This necessitates having reliable models for setting allowable exposures to food-borne pathogens. While only limited data on relatively few micro-organisms that occur in food are available at present for dose-response modeling and risk estimation, still none of the two-parameter models proposed so far, including the popular Beta-Poisson (BP) model, appears to be completely satisfactory for describing and fitting all of the present data. The Weibull-Gamma (WG) model is the only three-parameter model that has been proposed to date. In this paper, new competitive three-parameter models are derived, using a formulation that can be parameterized to represent statistical variation with respect to the dose of micro-organism received by the host and the host's susceptibility to infection. Parameters of the models are estimated using the maximum likelihood method. Experimental data on several common microbial contaminants in food are used to illustrate the methodology. JF - Environmental and Ecological Statistics AU - Kodell, R L AU - Kang, Seung-Ho AU - Chen, J J AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 259 EP - 271 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 1352-8505, 1352-8505 KW - food-borne diseases KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - W4 330:Biopolymers & Food Biotechnology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18607966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Ecological+Statistics&rft.atitle=Statistical+models+of+health+risk+due+to+microbial+contamination+of+foods&rft.au=Kodell%2C+R+L%3BKang%2C+Seung-Ho%3BChen%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Kodell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Ecological+Statistics&rft.issn=13528505&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transformation of cinoxacin by Beauveria bassiana. AN - 72039883; 12204384 AB - The ability of the fungus Beauveria bassiana ATCC 7159 to transform the antibacterial agent cinoxacin was investigated. Cultures in sucrose-peptone broth were dosed with cinoxacin, grown for 20 days, and then extracted with ethyl acetate. Two metabolites were detected and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The major metabolite was identified by mass and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra as 1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-3-(hydroxymethyl)[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]cinnolin-4-one and the minor metabolite was identified as 1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-6,7-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)cinnolin-4-one. B. bassiana also reduced quinoline-3-carboxylic acid to 3-(hydroxymethyl)quinoline. JF - FEMS microbiology letters AU - Parshikov, Igor A AU - Moody, Joanna D AU - Heinze, Thomas M AU - Freeman, James P AU - Williams, Anna J AU - Sutherland, John B AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 2002/08/27/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Aug 27 SP - 133 EP - 136 VL - 214 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - 4-Quinolones KW - 0 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - Cinoxacin KW - LMK22VUH23 KW - Index Medicus KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- metabolism KW - Cinoxacin -- metabolism KW - Ascomycota -- growth & development KW - Ascomycota -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72039883?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.atitle=Transformation+of+cinoxacin+by+Beauveria+bassiana.&rft.au=Parshikov%2C+Igor+A%3BMoody%2C+Joanna+D%3BHeinze%2C+Thomas+M%3BFreeman%2C+James+P%3BWilliams%2C+Anna+J%3BSutherland%2C+John+B&rft.aulast=Parshikov&rft.aufirst=Igor&rft.date=2002-08-27&rft.volume=214&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative pulmonary toxicity of blasting sand and five substitute abrasive blasting agents. AN - 71979302; 12167212 AB - Blasting sand is used for abrasive blasting, but its inhalation is associated with pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Consequently, safer substitute materials for blasting sand are needed. In a previous study from this laboratory, the comparative pulmonary toxicity of five abrasive blasting substitutes and blasting sand was reported. In this study, the pulmonary toxicity of blasting sand was compared to five additional abrasive blasting substitutes: steel grit, copper slag, nickel slag, crushed glass, and olivine. Exposed rats received by intratracheal instillation 10 mg of respirable-size particles of blasting sand or an abrasive blasting substitute, while controls were instilled with vehicle. Pulmonary inflammation, damage, and fibrosis were examined 28 d postexposure. Pulmonary inflammation was monitored by determining bronchoalveolar lavage polymorphonuclear cell counts and alveolar macrophage activation by chemiluminescence. Pulmonary damage was assessed by acellular bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid serum albumin concentrations and lactate dehydrogenase activities. Histological examination of lung tissue samples was made to assess the severity and distribution of pulmonary fibrosis, alveolitis, and alveolar epithelial cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia. In comparison to blasting sand, olivine exposed rats had higher levels of pulmonary inflammation and damage with a similar level of fibrosis. Steel grit-exposed rats had lower levels of pulmonary inflammation and damage, and did not develop fibrosis. However, steel grit-exposed rats had a level of epithelial cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia similar to blasting sand. The other abrasive blasting substitutes gave a mixed profile of toxicity. The data demonstrate that steel grit produced less acute pulmonary toxicity than blasting sand or any of the other abrasive blasting substitutes. Notwithstanding, the data also suggest that chronic exposure to steel grit may pose a health risk due to its effects on epithelial cell proliferation in the lung. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Porter, Dale W AU - Hubbs, Ann F AU - Robinson, Victor A AU - Battelli, Lori A AU - Greskevitch, Mark AU - Barger, Mark AU - Landsittel, Douglas AU - Jones, William AU - Castranova, Vincent AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S 2015, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. DPorter@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08/23/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Aug 23 SP - 1121 EP - 1140 VL - 65 IS - 16 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Metals KW - 0 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Particle Size KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Male KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- pathology KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- chemically induced KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- pathology KW - Metals -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71979302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Comparative+pulmonary+toxicity+of+blasting+sand+and+five+substitute+abrasive+blasting+agents.&rft.au=Porter%2C+Dale+W%3BHubbs%2C+Ann+F%3BRobinson%2C+Victor+A%3BBattelli%2C+Lori+A%3BGreskevitch%2C+Mark%3BBarger%2C+Mark%3BLandsittel%2C+Douglas%3BJones%2C+William%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Dale&rft.date=2002-08-23&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=1121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medication errors reported to the vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS) AN - 18504650; 5472976 AB - The objective of this study was to determine the types of errors that occur in vaccine administration by reviewing the vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS) database. The VAERS database was searched for any report that was coded for therapeutic misadventure or medication error. Approximately 60,600 reports received between 1 January 1994 and 1 January 2001 were searched. Forty-nine reports were found and grouped into seven broad categories. The most common error found (30%) was wrong inoculum. A variety of other errors was found including overdose, errors in administration and improper interval. One death was reported as a result of using pancuronium bromide as diluent. Other errors could not be 'clearly linked to an adverse event. The errors found undoubtedly represent a small portion of the total that occur, but may be representative of the types of errors. There is a need for more care during the vaccination process. Segregation of vaccines and other medications according to the intended use may be helpful. A FDA review of labeling to make labels and package inserts more comprehensible and to emphasize important information is in progress. JF - Vaccine AU - Varricchio, F AD - Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Division of Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Review, Food and Drug Administration, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852, USA, varricchio@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/08/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Aug 19 SP - 3049 EP - 3051 VL - 20 IS - 25-26 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - pancuronium bromide KW - vaccine adverse event reporting system KW - vaccines KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18504650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Medication+errors+reported+to+the+vaccine+adverse+event+reporting+system+%28VAERS%29&rft.au=Varricchio%2C+F&rft.aulast=Varricchio&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-08-19&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=25-26&rft.spage=3049&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction and superinduction of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-rho-dioxin-inducible poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor/aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator transcription activation domains and a labile transcription repressor. AN - 71963560; 12147270 AB - The environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces a novel poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (TiPARP). In this study, the signaling pathway of the induction was analyzed. Induction of TiPARP by TCDD occurs in both hepa1c1c7 cells and C57 mouse liver. Induction is concentration and time dependent. Genetic analyses reveal that induction is abolished in aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)- or aromatic hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (Arnt)-defective variants but restored upon reconstitution of the variant cells with cDNAs expressing functional AhR or Arnt. Moreover, induction is largely reduced in cells expressing a deletion mutant of AhR or Arnt lacking the transcription activation (TA) domain, thus implicating the TA activities of both AhR and Arnt in the induction. Inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide enhances the induction of TiPARP in the presence of an AhR agonist. The superinduction is transcriptional and does not require pretreatment with TCDD. Finally, inhibition of the 26S proteasomes by MG132 superinduces TiPARP. These findings establish that induction of TiPARP by TCDD is mediated through an AhR and Arnt transcription activation-dependent signal transduction that is repressed by a labile factor through the ubiquitin-26S proteasome-mediated protein degradation. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). JF - Archives of biochemistry and biophysics AU - Ma, Qiang AD - Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. qam1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Aug 15 SP - 309 EP - 316 VL - 404 IS - 2 SN - 0003-9861, 0003-9861 KW - Arnt protein, mouse KW - 0 KW - Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Leupeptins KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon KW - Transcription Factors KW - Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator KW - 138391-32-9 KW - Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases KW - EC 2.4.2.30 KW - Peptide Hydrolases KW - EC 3.4.- KW - Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex KW - EC 3.4.25.1 KW - ATP dependent 26S protease KW - EC 3.4.99.- KW - benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde KW - RF1P63GW3K KW - Index Medicus KW - Peptide Hydrolases -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Transcription, Genetic -- drug effects KW - Keratinocytes -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - RNA, Messenger -- biosynthesis KW - Mice, Knockout KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Leupeptins -- pharmacology KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Protein Structure, Tertiary -- physiology KW - Crosses, Genetic KW - Keratinocytes -- cytology KW - Keratinocytes -- metabolism KW - Transcription Factors -- metabolism KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- pharmacology KW - Transcription Factors -- genetics KW - Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases -- metabolism KW - Signal Transduction -- physiology KW - Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases -- genetics KW - Enzyme Induction -- drug effects KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon -- agonists KW - Transcription Factors -- deficiency KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon -- deficiency KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon -- genetics KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71963560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+biochemistry+and+biophysics&rft.atitle=Induction+and+superinduction+of+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-rho-dioxin-inducible+poly%28ADP-ribose%29+polymerase%3A+role+of+the+aryl+hydrocarbon+receptor%2Faryl+hydrocarbon+receptor+nuclear+translocator+transcription+activation+domains+and+a+labile+transcription+repressor.&rft.au=Ma%2C+Qiang&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=Qiang&rft.date=2002-08-15&rft.volume=404&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+biochemistry+and+biophysics&rft.issn=00039861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Arch Biochem Biophys. 2003 Sep 1;417(1):129 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metal working fluids: sub-chronic effects on pulmonary functions in B6C3F1 mice given vitamin E deficient and sufficient diets. AN - 71932490; 12135630 AB - Metal working fluids (MWFs) have been widely known to cause asthma and neoplasia of the larynx, pancreas, rectum, skin and urinary bladder (Textbook of Clinical Occupational and Environmental Medicine (1994) 814; Am. J. Ind. Med. 32 (1997) 240; Am. J. Ind. Med. 33 (1997) 282; Am. J. Ind. Med. 22 (1994) 185). Other non-neoplastic respiratory effects in industrial workers attributed to MWFs include increased rates of cough, phlegm production, wheeze, chronic bronchitis and chest tightness (Eur. J. Resir. Dis. 63(118) (1982), 79; J. Occup. Med. 24 (1982) 473; Am. J. Ind. Med. 32 (1997) 450). The epidemic and endemic nature of immune mediated lung morbidity commonly known as hypersensitivity pneumonitis in workers from several different industries using MWFs has been well documented (J. Allergy clin. Immunol. 91 (1993) 311; Chest 108 (1995) 636; MMWR45 (1996) 606; Am. J. Ind. Med. 32 (1997) 423). We studied morphological/functional and antioxidant outcomes in lungs after inhalation exposure of vitamin E deficient mice to MWF (27 mg m(-3) 17 weeks, 5 days a week, 6 h a day). Mice were given vitamin E deficient (<10 IU kg(-1) vitamin E) or basal diets (50 IU kg(-1) vitamin E) for 35 weeks. Inhalation exposure to MWF started after 18 weeks on diet. Microscopic observation of lungs from mice given vitamin E deficient or sufficient diets revealed no inflammation or morphological alteration after exposure to MWF. Mice given vitamin E deficient diet exhibited a significant decrease (P<0.05) in breathing rate, peak inspiratory/expiratory flow, minute ventilation, and tidal volume compared with sufficient controls. However, no differences were found after exposure to MWF in pulmonary function, with the exception of tidal volume which also significantly decreased (P<0.05). Exposure to MWF reduced vitamin E, protein thiol and ascorbate level in lungs. Exposure to MWF in combination with a vitamin E deficient diet resulted in significantly enhanced accumulation of peroxidative products compared with vitamin E deficient controls. This is the first report that describes the increase of oxidative stress in the lungs after MWF exposure. JF - Toxicology AU - Shvedova, Anna A AU - Kisin, Elena AU - Murray, Ashley AU - Goldsmith, Travis AU - Reynolds, Jeffrey S AU - Castranova, Vincent AU - Frazer, David G AU - Kommineni, Choudari AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Engineering Control and Technology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. ats1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Aug 15 SP - 285 EP - 297 VL - 177 IS - 2-3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Glutathione -- analysis KW - Lipid Peroxidation -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Metallurgy KW - Male KW - Industrial Oils -- toxicity KW - Vitamin E Deficiency -- physiopathology KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Vitamin E -- pharmacology KW - Lung -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71932490?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Metal+working+fluids%3A+sub-chronic+effects+on+pulmonary+functions+in+B6C3F1+mice+given+vitamin+E+deficient+and+sufficient+diets.&rft.au=Shvedova%2C+Anna+A%3BKisin%2C+Elena%3BMurray%2C+Ashley%3BGoldsmith%2C+Travis%3BReynolds%2C+Jeffrey+S%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent%3BFrazer%2C+David+G%3BKommineni%2C+Choudari&rft.aulast=Shvedova&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft.date=2002-08-15&rft.volume=177&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aroclor 1254-induced cytotoxicity in catecholaminergic CATH.a cells related to the inhibition of NO production AN - 18489544; 5454759 AB - The neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) specific inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), and the nitric oxide (NO) donor (S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillarnine, SNAP) were used to study the role of NO in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB: Aroclor 1254)-induced cytotoxicity in the immortalized dopaminergic cell line (CATH.a cells), derived from the central nervous system of mice. Treatment of the dopaminergic cells with various concentrations of Aroclor 1254 (0.5-10 mu g/ml), a commercial PCB mixture, showed significant cytotoxicity as evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and assessment of cell viability, depending on the concentration used. We also observed that Aroclor 1254 treatment reduced the level of nNOS expression. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of Aroclor 1254 was augmented by 10 mu M of 7-NI, which alone did not produce cytotoxicity, while it was protected by treatment with SNAP. Depending on the concentrations of Aroclor 1254 used, intracellular dopamine and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) concentrations were significantly decreased. Therefore, these results suggest that PCBs have the potential for dopaminergic neurotoxicity, which may be related with the PCBs-mediated alteration of NO production originating from nNOS at least in part. JF - Toxicology AU - Kang, J-H AU - Jeong, W AU - Park, Y AU - Lee, SY AU - Chung, M W AU - Lim, H-K AU - Park, I-S AU - Choi, KH AU - Chung, SY AU - Kim, D S AU - Park, C-S AU - Hwang, O AU - Kim, J-I AD - Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, 5 Nokbundong, Eunpyung-Gu, Seoul 122-704, South Korea, jikim@kfda.go.kr Y1 - 2002/08/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Aug 15 SP - 157 EP - 166 VL - 177 IS - 2-3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Aroclor 1254 KW - CATH.a cells KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18489544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Aroclor+1254-induced+cytotoxicity+in+catecholaminergic+CATH.a+cells+related+to+the+inhibition+of+NO+production&rft.au=Kang%2C+J-H%3BJeong%2C+W%3BPark%2C+Y%3BLee%2C+SY%3BChung%2C+M+W%3BLim%2C+H-K%3BPark%2C+I-S%3BChoi%2C+KH%3BChung%2C+SY%3BKim%2C+D+S%3BPark%2C+C-S%3BHwang%2C+O%3BKim%2C+J-I&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=J-H&rft.date=2002-08-15&rft.volume=177&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insights into the Quantitative Relationship between Sensitization and Challenge for Allergic Contact Dermatitis Reactions AN - 18473855; 5446893 AB - The ability of chemical or pharmaceutical agents to induce allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is of major health and regulatory concern. As such, tests to identify their sensitizing capacity, such as the guinea pig maximization test and the more recently developed local lymph node assay, are broadly used. Ideally, for risk assessment it is useful to translate results from animal data into establishing safe or no-effect levels for occupational or environmental agents. This, of course, would require consideration of the quantitative relationships between sensitizing and challenge doses as well as other exposure conditions. In the present studies, we modeled two sensitizers, 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene and squaric acid dibutyl ester, over a large range of concentrations using the LLNA and more traditional tests that measure both sensitization and elicitation responses. Both the sensitization and challenge phases provided similar dose-response curves, demonstrating a threshold followed by a shallow linear increase and eventual plateau at increasing doses. Extending earlier studies by P. S. Friedmann (1994, Immunotoxicology and Immunopharmacology, pp. 589-616, Raven Press, New York) in humans, we observed that the minimum dose required to elicit sensitization or challenge was not static, but rather reflected a 'sliding-scale.' That is, as the sensitization dose was increased, the concentration required to elicit a challenge response was decreased. Correspondingly, as the challenge dose was increased, the dose required for sensitization was lessened. Taken together, these findings indicate that there is a need to consider dose-response relationships for sensitization and challenge in establishing minimum exposure levels for chemicals that cause ACD. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Scott, A E AU - Kashon, M L AU - Yucesoy, B AU - Luster, MI AU - Tinkle, S S AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26505, mluster@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Aug 15 SP - 66 EP - 70 PB - Academic Press VL - 183 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene KW - challenge KW - sensitization KW - squaric acid dibutyl ester KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18473855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Insights+into+the+Quantitative+Relationship+between+Sensitization+and+Challenge+for+Allergic+Contact+Dermatitis+Reactions&rft.au=Scott%2C+A+E%3BKashon%2C+M+L%3BYucesoy%2C+B%3BLuster%2C+MI%3BTinkle%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-08-15&rft.volume=183&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=66&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ftaap.2002.9469 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/taap.2002.9469 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Design and evaluation of oligonucleotide-microarray method for the detection of human intestinal bacteria in fecal samples AN - 18484225; 5440865 AB - An oligonucleotide-microarray method was developed for the detection of intestinal bacteria in fecal samples collected from human subjects. The 16S rDNA sequences of 20 predominant human intestinal bacterial species were used to design oligonucleotide probes. Three 40-mer oligonucleotides specific for each bacterial species (total 60 probes) were synthesized and applied to glass slides. Cyanine5 (CY5)-labeled 16S rDNAs were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from human fecal samples or bacterial DNA using two universal primers and were hybridized to the oligo-microarray. The 20 intestinal bacterial species tested were Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides distasonis, Clostridium clostridiiforme, Clostridium leptum, Fusobacterium prausnitzii, Peptostreptococcus productus, Ruminococcus obeum, Ruminococcus bromii, Ruminococcus callidus, Ruminococcus albus, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium infantis, Eubacterium biforme, Eubacterium aerofaciens, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecium. The two universal primers were able to amplify full size 16S rDNA from all of the 20 bacterial species tested. The hybridization results indicated that the oligo-microarray method developed in this study is a reliable method for the detection of predominant human intestinal bacteria in the fecal samples. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Wang, R AU - Beggs, M L AU - Robertson, L H AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Microbiology Division, National Center for Toxicological Research, US-FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, rwang@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/08/06/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Aug 06 SP - 175 EP - 182 PB - Federation of European Microbiological Societies VL - 213 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - Cyanine 5 gene KW - DNA microarrays KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18484225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Design+and+evaluation+of+oligonucleotide-microarray+method+for+the+detection+of+human+intestinal+bacteria+in+fecal+samples&rft.au=Wang%2C+R%3BBeggs%2C+M+L%3BRobertson%2C+L+H%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-08-06&rft.volume=213&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unexpected Differences between D- and L- Tyrosine Lead to Chiral Enhancement in Racemic Mixtures Dedicated to the memory of Prof. Shneior Lifson - A great liberal thinker. AN - 862284697; 12458733 AB - We report here an unexpected difference in the solubilities of D- and L-tyrosine in water, which could be discerned by their rate of crystallization and the resulting concentrations of their saturated solutions. A supersaturated solution of 10 mM L-tyrosine at 20 °C crystallized much more slowly than that of D-tyrosine under the same conditions, and the saturated solution of L-tyrosine was more concentrated than that of D-tyrosine. Supersaturated solutions of 10 mM DL-tyrosine in water formed precipitates of predominantly D-tyrosine and DL-tyrosine, resulting in an excess of L-tyrosine in the saturated solution. The experimental setups were monitored independently by UV-absorption, radioactivity tracing, optical rotation and X-ray diffraction. The process of nucleation and crystallization of D- and L-tyrosine is characterized by an exceptionally high cooperativity. It is possible that minute energy differences between D- and L-tyrosine, originating from parity violation or other non-conservative chiral discriminatory rules, could account for the observations. The physical process that initiated chiral selection in biological systems remains a challenging problem in understanding the origin of life, and it is possible that chiral compounds were concentrated from supersaturated racemic mixtures by preferential crystallization.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] JF - Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres AU - Shinitzky, Meir AU - Nudelman, Fabio AU - Barda, Yaniv AU - Haimovitz, Rachel AU - Chen, Effie AU - Deamer, David W Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 285 EP - 97; discussion 283 CY - Dordrecht PB - Springer Science & Business Media VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0169-6149 KW - Medical Sciences KW - Solutions KW - Tyrosine KW - Water KW - Evolution KW - Crystallization KW - Amino acids KW - Biophysics KW - Stereoisomerism KW - Solubility KW - Thermodynamics KW - Water -- chemistry KW - Temperature KW - Molecular Conformation KW - Tyrosine -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/862284697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthcompleteshell&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Origins+of+Life+and+Evolution+of+Biospheres&rft.atitle=Unexpected+Differences+between+D-+and+L-+Tyrosine+Lead+to+Chiral+Enhancement+in+Racemic+Mixtures+Dedicated+to+the+memory+of+Prof.+Shneior+Lifson+-+A+great+liberal+thinker.&rft.au=Shinitzky%2C+Meir%3BNudelman%2C+Fabio%3BBarda%2C+Yaniv%3BHaimovitz%2C+Rachel%3BChen%2C+Effie%3BDeamer%2C+David+W&rft.aulast=Shinitzky&rft.aufirst=Meir&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Origins+of+Life+and+Evolution+of+Biospheres&rft.issn=01696149&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1020535415283 LA - English DB - ProQuest Central N1 - Copyright - Kluwer Academic Publishers 2002 N1 - Document feature - References N1 - Last updated - 2013-01-30 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020535415283 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of risk factors for hearing loss: implications for evaluating risk of occupational noise-induced hearing loss. AN - 85353658; pmid-12186037 AB - This paper presents an analysis of hearing threshold levels among 2066 white male workers employed in various U.S. industries studied in the 1968-72 NIOSH Occupational Noise and Hearing Survey (ONHS). The distribution of hearing threshold levels (HTL) is examined in relation to various risk factors (age, prior occupational noise, medical conditions) for hearing loss among a population of noise exposed and control (low noise-exposed) industrial workers. Previous analyses of a subset of these data from the ONHS focused on 1172 highly "screened" workers. An additional 894 male workers (609 noise-exposed and 285 controls), who were excluded for various reasons (i.e., nonoccupational noise exposure, otologic or medical conditions affecting hearing, prior occupational noise exposure) have been added to examine hearing loss in an unscreened population. Data are analyzed by age, duration of exposure, and sound level (8-h TWA) by individual test frequency. Results indicate that hearing threshold levels are higher among unscreened noise-exposed and control workers relative to screened workers. Analysis of risk factors such as nonoccupational noise exposure, medical conditions, and type of industry among unscreened controls indicated that these factors were not significantly associated with increased mean HTLs or risk of material impairment over and above what is expected due to age. Age-specific mean hearing threshold levels (and percentiles of the distribution) among the unscreened ONHS control population may be used as a comparison population of low-noise exposed white male industrial workers for evaluating the effectiveness of hearing conservation programs for workers less than 55 years of age. To make valid inferences regarding occupational noise-induced hearing loss, it is important to use hearing data from reference (control) populations that are similar with respect to the degree of subject screening, type of work force (blue vs white collar), and the distribution of other risk factors for hearing loss. JF - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America AU - Prince, Mary M AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 557 EP - 567 VL - 112 IS - 2 SN - 0001-4966, 0001-4966 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Adult KW - Audiometry, Pure-Tone KW - Auditory Threshold KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Female KW - Health Surveys KW - *Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced: epidemiology KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced: prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Mass Screening: statistics & numerical data KW - Middle Aged KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - *Noise, Occupational: adverse effects KW - *Occupational Diseases: epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases: prevention & control KW - Risk Factors KW - United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85353658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+risk+factors+for+hearing+loss%3A+implications+for+evaluating+risk+of+occupational+noise-induced+hearing+loss.&rft.au=Prince%2C+Mary+M&rft.aulast=Prince&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=557&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00014966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Derived trail making test indices in a sample of sedative abusers: demographic effects. AN - 72722720; 12448838 AB - Derived indices on the Trail Making test (TMT), a test often used to screen for cognitive impairment, were examined in a sample of 72 sedative abusers in drug abuse treatment programs. A mixed race sample was drawn from electronic files of data from the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS). The DATOS was a naturalistic, prospective cohort study that collected data from 1991-1993 in 96 programs in 11 cities in the United States. Data were analyzed to determine the effects of demographic variables on derived indices created by adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing parts A and B of the TMT in this large treatment sample of substance abusers. The variables of sex, age, ethnicity, and education were not statistically significant for selected derived indices of the TMT. JF - The International journal of neuroscience AU - Roberts, Charles AU - Horton, Arthur MacNeill AD - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockwall II Building, Suite 840, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 985 EP - 994 VL - 112 IS - 8 SN - 0020-7454, 0020-7454 KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Trail Making Test KW - Age Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Humans KW - Continental Population Groups KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Cognition Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Psychomotor Performance -- drug effects KW - Cognition Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- complications KW - Cognition Disorders -- chemically induced KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72722720?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.atitle=Derived+trail+making+test+indices+in+a+sample+of+sedative+abusers%3A+demographic+effects.&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Charles%3BHorton%2C+Arthur+MacNeill&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=985&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.issn=00207454&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved anti-tumor activity and safety of interleukin-13 receptor targeted cytotoxin by systemic continuous administration in head and neck cancer xenograft model. AN - 72697556; 12435859 AB - IL-13 receptor (IL-13R) targeted cytotoxin, IL13-PE38QQR, has been shown to have very potent anti-tumor activity to IL-13R-expressing head and neck tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. However, its effect is limited in aggressive tumors. To further improve the anti-tumor activity and safety of IL-13 cytotoxin, we employed continuous infusion technique in animal model of head and neck cancer. We surgically implanted continuous infusion (CI) pump intraperitoneally that released drug for 7 days, and its anti-tumor effect was evaluated. A comparison was made for antitumor activity and safety with intravenously (IV) administered IL-13 cytotoxin in a head and neck (KCCT873 and HN12) subcutaneous (SC) xenograft tumor models in nude mice. Vital organ toxicities were assessed by histologic examinations and blood serum chemistry analyses. The 50 or 75 micro g/kg/day for 7 days of IL-13 cytotoxin either by IV or CI administration did not show any difference in safety or anti-tumor activity. IV administration of 150 or 200 micro g/kg/day of IL-13 cytotoxin for 7 days was lethal to nude mice, whereas 200 micro g/kg/day X 7 days of CI administration was highly effective in the regression of established tumors without any toxicities. Additionally, CI administration of IL-13 cytotoxin (200 micro g/kg/day) showed growth inhibition of larger HN12 tumors in nude mice. With a CI schedule, IL-13 cytotoxin can be systemically administrated at approximately twice the dose otherwise given by daily IV bolus administration. JF - Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) AU - Kawakami, Koji AU - Husain, Syed R AU - Kawakami, Mariko AU - Puri, Raj K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 487 EP - 494 VL - 8 IS - 8 SN - 1076-1551, 1076-1551 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - Exotoxins KW - IL13RA1 protein, human KW - Il13ra1 protein, mouse KW - Interleukin-13 KW - Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha1 Subunit KW - Receptors, Interleukin KW - Receptors, Interleukin-13 KW - Virulence Factors KW - ADP Ribose Transferases KW - EC 2.4.2.- KW - toxA protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - EC 2.4.2.31 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Humans KW - Transplantation, Heterologous KW - Mice, Nude KW - Mice KW - Mutation KW - Infusions, Parenteral KW - Virulence Factors -- administration & dosage KW - Interleukin-13 -- administration & dosage KW - Exotoxins -- genetics KW - Exotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Exotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Virulence Factors -- genetics KW - Bacterial Toxins -- pharmacology KW - Bacterial Toxins -- administration & dosage KW - ADP Ribose Transferases -- pharmacology KW - Head and Neck Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Interleukin-13 -- pharmacology KW - ADP Ribose Transferases -- genetics KW - Virulence Factors -- pharmacology KW - Bacterial Toxins -- genetics KW - Head and Neck Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - ADP Ribose Transferases -- administration & dosage KW - Receptors, Interleukin -- drug effects KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72697556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+medicine+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.atitle=Improved+anti-tumor+activity+and+safety+of+interleukin-13+receptor+targeted+cytotoxin+by+systemic+continuous+administration+in+head+and+neck+cancer+xenograft+model.&rft.au=Kawakami%2C+Koji%3BHusain%2C+Syed+R%3BKawakami%2C+Mariko%3BPuri%2C+Raj+K&rft.aulast=Kawakami&rft.aufirst=Koji&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=487&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+medicine+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.issn=10761551&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of liver and heart trace elements in rats to the interaction between dietary zinc and iron. AN - 72121064; 12296427 AB - An analysis of the interaction between dietary iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) was performed by using data from Sprague-Dawley rats in a 5 x 4 fully crossed factorially arranged experiment. The concentrations of 9 trace elements from the liver and 10 from the heart were determined and subjected to diverse statistical analyses and were classified by their response to the interaction between dietary Fe and Zn. The interaction was studied by using analysis of variance (ANOVA), discriminant analysis, and logistic regression to determine the direction of interaction; that is, did dietary Fe affect dietary Zn or did dietary Zn affect dietary Fe? The use of discriminant analysis allowed for using multiple parameters (rather than a single parameter) to determine possible interactions between Fe and Zn. Thus, two main levels of interaction were studied: the separate response of each tissue mineral and the response of some grouped minerals. The responses studied were the effect of dietary Zn on tissue trace element parameters, the effect of dietary Fe on the parameters, the effect of dietary Zn on combined (grouped) parameters, and the effect of dietary Fe on combined parameters. As determined by ANOVA, only three individual trace elements--liver Fe, Cu, and Mo--were significantly affected by the interaction between Fe and Zn. However, a broader interaction between Fe and Zn is revealed when groups of, rather than single, trace elements arestudied. For example, an interaction between dietary Fe and Zn affects the weighted linear combination of heart Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Mn, P, and Zn. This article presents the hypothesis that grouped parameters may be useful as status indicators. The complete dataset can be found at http://www.gfhnrc.ars. usda.gov/fezn. JF - Biological trace element research AU - Zaslavsky, Boris AU - Uthus, Eric O AD - FDA/CBER HFM-217, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA. Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 165 EP - 183 VL - 88 IS - 2 SN - 0163-4984, 0163-4984 KW - Iron, Dietary KW - 0 KW - Trace Elements KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Drug Interactions KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Diet KW - Male KW - Zinc -- pharmacology KW - Zinc -- administration & dosage KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Trace Elements -- analysis KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Iron, Dietary -- administration & dosage KW - Myocardium -- metabolism KW - Iron, Dietary -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72121064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.atitle=Response+of+liver+and+heart+trace+elements+in+rats+to+the+interaction+between+dietary+zinc+and+iron.&rft.au=Zaslavsky%2C+Boris%3BUthus%2C+Eric+O&rft.aulast=Zaslavsky&rft.aufirst=Boris&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.issn=01634984&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An exposure assessment for methylmercury from seafood for consumers in the United States. AN - 72079200; 12224743 AB - An exposure model was developed to relate seafood consumption to levels of methylmercury (reported as mercury) in blood and hair in the U.S. population, and two subpopulations defined as children aged 2-5 and women aged 18-45. Seafood consumption was initially modeled using short-term (three-day) U.S.-consumption surveys that recorded the amount of fish eaten per meal. Since longer exposure periods include more eaters with a lower daily mean intake, the consumption distribution was adjusted by broadening the distribution to include more eaters and reducing the distribution mean to keep total population intake constant. The estimate for the total number of eaters was based on long-term purchase diaries. Levels of mercury in canned tuna, swordfish, and shark were based on FDA survey data. The distribution of mercury levels in other species was based on reported mean levels, with the frequency of consumption of each species based on market share. The shape distribution for the given mean was based on the range of variation encountered among shark, tuna, and swordfish. These distributions were integrated with a simulation that estimated average daily intake over a 360-day period, with 10,000 simulated individuals and 1,000 uncertainty iterations. The results of this simulation were then used as an input to a second simulation that modeled levels of mercury in blood and hair. The relationship between dietary intake and blood mercury in a population was modeled from data obtained from a 90-day study with controlled seafood intake. The relationship between blood and hair mercury in a population was modeled from data obtained from several sources. The biomarker simulation employed 2,000 simulated individuals and 1,000 uncertainty iterations. These results were then compared to the recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) that tabulated blood and hair mercury levels in a cross-section of the U.S. population. The output of the model and NHANES results were similar for both children and adult women, with predicted mercury biomarker concentrations within a factor of two or less of NHANES biomarker results. However, the model tended to underpredict blood levels for women and overpredict blood and hair levels for children. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Carrington, Clark D AU - Bolger, Michael P AD - Office of Plants and Dairy Foods and Beverages, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 689 EP - 699 VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Methylmercury Compounds KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Diet Records KW - Computer Simulation KW - Humans KW - Models, Biological KW - Risk Assessment KW - Child, Preschool KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Hair -- chemistry KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Biomarkers -- blood KW - Female KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- blood KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Seafood -- analysis KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- administration & dosage KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- toxicity KW - Seafood -- toxicity KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72079200?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=An+exposure+assessment+for+methylmercury+from+seafood+for+consumers+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Carrington%2C+Clark+D%3BBolger%2C+Michael+P&rft.aulast=Carrington&rft.aufirst=Clark&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=689&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preventive mental health and substance abuse programs and services in managed care. AN - 72071571; 12216370 AB - If effective preventive behavioral health services were available to the millions of Americans enrolled in managed care organizations, the public health impact could be significant. This project sought to summarize published research-based information about effective preventive interventions for mental health and substance use (tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs) shown or likely to have no negative cost impact. Fifty-four studies satisfied seven screening criteria. Their findings demonstrated that preventive behavioral health interventions appropriate for managed care settings have been evaluated and have been shown to be effective. Some produced cost savings or offset costs. Six preventive behavioral health interventions are therefore recommended for managed care. JF - The journal of behavioral health services & research AU - Dorfman, Sharon L AU - Smith, Shelagh A AD - Organization & Financing Office, Center for Mental Health Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane, Room 15-87, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 233 EP - 258 VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 1094-3412, 1094-3412 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Mental Disorders -- therapy KW - Self Care KW - Humans KW - Counseling KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Pregnancy KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- therapy KW - Patient Education as Topic -- organization & administration KW - Mental Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Managed Care Programs -- organization & administration KW - Behavioral Medicine KW - Mental Health Services -- organization & administration KW - Preventive Health Services -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72071571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+journal+of+behavioral+health+services+%26+research&rft.atitle=Preventive+mental+health+and+substance+abuse+programs+and+services+in+managed+care.&rft.au=Dorfman%2C+Sharon+L%3BSmith%2C+Shelagh+A&rft.aulast=Dorfman&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+journal+of+behavioral+health+services+%26+research&rft.issn=10943412&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-01 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heterocyclic aromatic amine metabolism, DNA adduct formation, mutagenesis, and carcinogenesis. AN - 72061617; 12214671 AB - Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are carcinogenic compounds formed in meats, fish, and poultry prepared under common household cooking practices. Some HAAs are also formed in tobacco smoke condensate. Because of the widespread occurrence of HAAs in these daily staples, health concerns have been raised regarding the potential role of HAAs in the etiology of some human cancers associated with frequent consumption of these products. In this review, the metabolism of HAAs to biologically active metabolites that bind to DNA and provoke mutations and cancer in various biological systems is discussed. Some of the current analytical and molecular methods that are used to measure biomarkers of HAA exposure and genetic damage in experimental animal models and humans are also presented. These biochemical data combined may help to better assess the role that HAAs may have in the development of some common forms of human cancers. JF - Drug metabolism reviews AU - Turesky, Robert J AD - Division of Chemistry, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. rturesky@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 625 EP - 650 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0360-2532, 0360-2532 KW - Amines KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - DNA Adducts KW - Heterocyclic Compounds KW - Mutagens KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Animals KW - Oncogenes -- genetics KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Genes, Tumor Suppressor KW - Humans KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Heterocyclic Compounds -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - Amines -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72061617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.atitle=Heterocyclic+aromatic+amine+metabolism%2C+DNA+adduct+formation%2C+mutagenesis%2C+and+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Turesky%2C+Robert+J&rft.aulast=Turesky&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=625&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.issn=03602532&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selegiline transdermal system Somerset. AN - 72056778; 12211421 AB - Somerset is developing a selegiline transdermal system (STS) for potential use in the treatment of depression. It has also been developed for Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [182121], although no development has been reported for AD or ADHD in recent years. Somerset claims the transdermal system could be more effective than the oral formulation of selegiline already marketed [250573]. In May 2001, Somerset filed an NDA with the US FDA for STS for the treatment of depression [410848], however, in March 2002, the company received a 'non-approvable' letter from the FDA requesting additional efficacy data. At this time, Somerset had scheduled a meeting with the FDA to review and clarify their comments [456735]. Selegiline will be co-promoted in the US by Watson, under the terms of a previous agreement [275389]. JF - Current opinion in investigational drugs (London, England : 2000) AU - Mahmood, Iftekhar AD - Division of Clinical Trial Design and Analysis, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food & Drug Administration, MD 20852, USA. Mahmoodi@CBER.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 1230 EP - 1233 VL - 3 IS - 8 SN - 1472-4472, 1472-4472 KW - Antidepressive Agents KW - 0 KW - Dopamine Agonists KW - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors KW - Selegiline KW - 2K1V7GP655 KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Cutaneous KW - Humans KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Dopamine Agonists -- contraindications KW - Antidepressive Agents -- pharmacology KW - Selegiline -- administration & dosage KW - Selegiline -- therapeutic use KW - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors -- contraindications KW - Dopamine Agonists -- adverse effects KW - Antidepressive Agents -- adverse effects KW - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors -- administration & dosage KW - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors -- adverse effects KW - Selegiline -- pharmacology KW - Dopamine Agonists -- therapeutic use KW - Selegiline -- adverse effects KW - Antidepressive Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Dopamine Agonists -- pharmacology KW - Antidepressive Agents -- contraindications KW - Antidepressive Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Dopamine Agonists -- administration & dosage KW - Selegiline -- contraindications KW - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72056778?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+opinion+in+investigational+drugs+%28London%2C+England+%3A+2000%29&rft.atitle=Selegiline+transdermal+system+Somerset.&rft.au=Mahmood%2C+Iftekhar&rft.aulast=Mahmood&rft.aufirst=Iftekhar&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+opinion+in+investigational+drugs+%28London%2C+England+%3A+2000%29&rft.issn=14724472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-18 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spontaneous reports of thrombocytopenia in association with quinine: clinical attributes and timing related to regulatory action. AN - 72053866; 12210813 AB - Quinine has been marketed in the United States (U.S.) both over-the-counter (OTC) and by prescription for numerous purposes, including malaria and muscle spasms. In 1994 and 1995, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) acted to limit the marketing of quinine based on the conclusion that no data supported its safe and efficacious use in these settings. This report includes clinical attributes from the largest case series to date of apparently isolated thrombocytopenia in association with quinine and trends in the receipt of spontaneous adverse event reports to FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) for this drug-event combination in relation to regulatory action. In this study, we reviewed reports of spontaneous adverse drug events received by CDER. From 1974 through December 2000, CDER received 397 adverse event reports for quinine. Based on crude, unreviewed counts, 141 (35.5%) of these reports described apparently isolated thrombocytopenia. Reporting for this event peaked in 1995, coincident with regulatory action, and has subsequently declined. After elimination of cases confounded by acute or chronic disease or concomitant drug therapy, 64 reports of quinine-associated thrombocytopenia were used to form a case series. This case series, including 11 cases since January 1996, supports the potential for rapid time-to-onset (median 7 days) and clinical severity (hospitalization reported in 55 of the 64 cases). Although the number of reports since regulatory action is limited, CDER continues to receive reports of thrombocytopenia in association with quinine in use for nocturnal leg cramps. Extrapolation of spontaneous adverse event reports for a product with substantial OTC use precludes estimates of rates/incidence. Therefore, the effect of regulatory actions in 1994/1995 is difficult to measure using this approach. Although reports have decreased since regulatory actions on quinine, quinine remains available in the U.S. by prescription and in food products/dietary supplements. This case series confirms previous smaller series that suggest quinine-associated thrombocytopenia may present rapidly with symptoms of profound thrombocytopenia. Clinicians evaluating patients with new-onset and apparently idiopathic thrombocytopenia should maintain clinical vigilance for ingestion of quinine and elicit a detailed food/dietary supplement history from the patient. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of hematology AU - Brinker, Allen D AU - Beitz, Julie AD - Office of Drug Safety, Division of Drug Risk Evaluation, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. brinkera@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 313 EP - 317 VL - 70 IS - 4 SN - 0361-8609, 0361-8609 KW - Quinine KW - A7V27PHC7A KW - Index Medicus KW - Survival Rate KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Sleep-Wake Transition Disorders -- etiology KW - Databases, Factual KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Quinine -- adverse effects KW - Drug and Narcotic Control KW - Thrombocytopenia -- pathology KW - Thrombocytopenia -- epidemiology KW - Thrombocytopenia -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72053866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+hematology&rft.atitle=Spontaneous+reports+of+thrombocytopenia+in+association+with+quinine%3A+clinical+attributes+and+timing+related+to+regulatory+action.&rft.au=Brinker%2C+Allen+D%3BBeitz%2C+Julie&rft.aulast=Brinker&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+hematology&rft.issn=03618609&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-25 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Allergic and latex-specific sensitization: route, frequency, and amount of exposure that are required to initiate IgE production. AN - 71995055; 12170244 AB - Quantitative data that documents human exposure-response relationships for IgE sensitization to allergens are limited. Although seemingly straightforward, documentation of exposure-response relationships can be difficult. Issues that are related to study design, allergen standardization, exposure assessment, and evaluation for sensitization can impact greatly on study results. Despite these issues, exposure-response relationships for sensitization to protein allergens have been documented in several occupational groups, which include enzyme-detergent workers, bakers, and laboratory animal workers. In general, atopy acts as an effect modifier in these settings, steepening the exposure-response relationship. Several studies suggest that the greatest risk for sensitization is within the first several years of exposure. For 1 allergen, the protease subtilisin, a short-term exposure limit of 60 ng/m(3) has been recommended by the American Council of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. With regard to natural rubber latex, exposure-related factors such as number of operations have been shown to be risk factors for sensitization of children with spina bifida. By contrast, fewer studies show exposure-response relationships for IgE sensitization of health care workers to natural rubber latex, and the area remains controversial. However, a recent cohort study that evaluated incident sensitization in dental hygiene students suggests strongly that, with sufficient exposure, employment in health care can lead to an increased risk of IgE sensitization to natural rubber latex. JF - The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology AU - Weissman, David N AU - Lewis, Daniel M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. dweiss-man@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - S57 EP - S63 VL - 110 IS - 2 Suppl SN - 0091-6749, 0091-6749 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Allergens KW - Latex KW - Immunoglobulin E KW - 37341-29-0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Research Design KW - Immunization KW - Latex -- adverse effects KW - Allergens -- immunology KW - Hypersensitivity, Immediate -- immunology KW - Occupational Diseases -- immunology KW - Latex -- immunology KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- immunology KW - Allergens -- adverse effects KW - Latex Hypersensitivity -- immunology KW - Immunoglobulin E -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71995055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+allergy+and+clinical+immunology&rft.atitle=Allergic+and+latex-specific+sensitization%3A+route%2C+frequency%2C+and+amount+of+exposure+that+are+required+to+initiate+IgE+production.&rft.au=Weissman%2C+David+N%3BLewis%2C+Daniel+M&rft.aulast=Weissman&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=2+Suppl&rft.spage=S57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+allergy+and+clinical+immunology&rft.issn=00916749&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-25 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of diet, genetics and chemicals on toxicity and aberrant DNA methylation: an introduction. AN - 71987527; 12163688 AB - In the early 1930s, the group of Banting and Best showed that the choline moiety of lecithin was responsible for the prevention of the fatty livers produced in pancreatectomized dogs treated with insulin. This was the first study linking abnormal methyl metabolism with disease. Since then, deficiencies of each of the four essential dietary sources of methyl groups (choline, methionine, vitamin B-12 and folic acid) have been associated with increased risk of a number of diseases. Choline-deficient diets were shown to enhance liver tumor formation in rats, and such diets frequently were found to lead to atherosclerosis. Although methionine deficiency per se was not extensively studied in vivo, its metabolic antagonist ethionine did cause liver cancer and pancreatic toxicity in rodents. Deficiencies of vitamin B-12 and of folic acid have long been shown to cause neurological disturbances and birth defects both in humans and in experimental animals. In 1969 inborn errors of metabolism leading to the accumulation of the demethylated metabolite of methionine, homocysteine, were proposed as contributing to the early onset of atherosclerosis. Before 1990, numerous studies described the abnormal methylation of DNA in tumors and transformed cells. Less frequently investigated, however, were the exogenous and endogenous agents leading to such abnormal methylation. These included genetic variants among rodent strains and the methyl-deficient diets that caused liver cancer. In addition, several chemicals, particularly carcinogens, were shown to alter DNA methylation. The possible links between chemically induced alterations in DNA methylation and development of other diseases were little explored. However, by 1990, a chain of causality had been established in experimental carcinogenesis linking dietary methyl deficiency with methyl insufficiency in vivo, as well as with the abnormal methylation of DNA and of specific genes. Also during this period, the diminished activity of the enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (EC 1.5.1.20), which is responsible for the actual de novo synthesis of methyl groups, was shown to be associated with increased risk of developing atherosclerosis, neurological disorders and birth defects. The exponential rise in studies on methyl metabolism and DNA methylation since then enables us to examine here the extent to which the mechanisms by which abnormal methylation processes seem to exert their toxic effects in one disease may be applicable to other pathologies. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Poirier, Lionel A AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. lpoirier@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 2336S EP - 2339S VL - 132 IS - 8 Suppl SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - DNA Methylation -- drug effects KW - Diet UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71987527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+diet%2C+genetics+and+chemicals+on+toxicity+and+aberrant+DNA+methylation%3A+an+introduction.&rft.au=Poirier%2C+Lionel+A&rft.aulast=Poirier&rft.aufirst=Lionel&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=8+Suppl&rft.spage=2336S&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical bronchiolitis obliterans in workers at a microwave-popcorn plant. AN - 71970155; 12151470 AB - In May 2000, eight persons who had formerly worked at a microwave-popcorn production plant were reported to have severe bronchiolitis obliterans. No recognized cause was identified in the plant. Therefore, we medically evaluated current employees and assessed their occupational exposures. Questionnaire responses and spirometric findings in participating workers were compared with data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, after adjustment for age and smoking status. We evaluated the relation between exposures and health-related outcomes by analyzing the rates of symptoms and abnormalities according to current and cumulative exposure to diacetyl, the predominant ketone in artificial butter flavoring and in the air at the plant. Of the 135 current workers at the plant, 117 (87 percent) completed the questionnaire. These 117 workers had 2.6 times the expected rates of chronic cough and shortness of breath, according to comparisons with the national data, and twice the expected rates of physician-diagnosed asthma and chronic bronchitis. Overall, the workers had 3.3 times the expected rate of airway obstruction; those who had never smoked had 10.8 times the expected rate. Workers directly involved in the production of microwave popcorn had higher rates of shortness of breath on exertion and skin problems that had developed since they started work than workers in other parts of the plant. There was a strong relation between the quartile of estimated cumulative exposure to diacetyl and the frequency and extent of airway obstruction. The excess rates of lung disease and lung-function abnormalities and the relation between exposure and outcomes in this working population indicate that they probably had occupational bronchiolitis obliterans caused by the inhalation of volatile butter-flavoring ingredients. Copyright 2002 Massachusetts Medical Society JF - The New England journal of medicine AU - Kreiss, Kathleen AU - Gomaa, Ahmed AU - Kullman, Greg AU - Fedan, Kathleen AU - Simoes, Eduardo J AU - Enright, Paul L AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WVa 26505, USA. kkreiss@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Aug 01 SP - 330 EP - 338 VL - 347 IS - 5 KW - Flavoring Agents KW - 0 KW - Diacetyl KW - K324J5K4HM KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Volatilization KW - Aged KW - Forced Expiratory Volume KW - Spirometry KW - Respiratory Sounds -- etiology KW - Adult KW - Health Surveys KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Chronic Disease KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Diacetyl -- analysis KW - Bronchiolitis Obliterans -- chemically induced KW - Bronchiolitis Obliterans -- physiopathology KW - Diacetyl -- adverse effects KW - Flavoring Agents -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Bronchiolitis Obliterans -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Food-Processing Industry KW - Flavoring Agents -- analysis KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71970155?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.atitle=Clinical+bronchiolitis+obliterans+in+workers+at+a+microwave-popcorn+plant.&rft.au=Kreiss%2C+Kathleen%3BGomaa%2C+Ahmed%3BKullman%2C+Greg%3BFedan%2C+Kathleen%3BSimoes%2C+Eduardo+J%3BEnright%2C+Paul+L&rft.aulast=Kreiss&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=347&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=330&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.issn=1533-4406&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: N Engl J Med. 2002 Aug 1;347(5):360-1 [12151475] N Engl J Med. 2002 Dec 12;347(24):1980-2; author reply 1980-2; discussion 1980-2 [12477954] N Engl J Med. 2002 Dec 12;347(24):1980-2; author reply 1980-2; discussion 1980-2 [12479196] N Engl J Med. 2002 Dec 12;347(24):1980-2; author reply 1980-2; discussion 1980-2 [12479195] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An association of silicone-gel breast implant rupture and fibromyalgia. AN - 71933095; 12126580 AB - Silicone-gel breast implant rupture is common. Silicone-gel from ruptured implants may escape the scar capsule that forms around breast implants and become "extracapsular silicone." Our previously published study found that women with extracapsular silicone gel were at higher risk of reporting that they were diagnosed with fibromyalgia. There has been a limited number of studies addressing this association in the literature. Some studies addressing the issue of silicone breast implants and connective tissue disease specifically exclude patients with fibromyalgia from the sample or do not include the syndrome in the analysis. Case series describing fibromyalgia in patients with implants have been published, but many of these papers lack information on extracapsular silicone and are not representative because the patients are typically from referral populations. In addition, most studies do not have control groups of women without implants for comparison or do not distinguish between saline and silicone implants. Additional observational studies of women from nonreferral populations are necessary to validate an association. These studies should provide information on how the rupture is diagnosed, state whether the rupture extended beyond the capsule, and provide an appropriate control group for comparison. The findings from such studies may be important to physicians as they describe potential risks associated with implants to their patients. These findings should also be important for regulatory decision making on silicone-gel breast implants. JF - Current rheumatology reports AU - Brown, S Lori AU - Duggirala, Hesha Jani AU - Pennello, Gene AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Epidemiology Branch, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, HFZ-541, 1350 Piccard Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. syb@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 293 EP - 298 VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 1523-3774, 1523-3774 KW - Gels KW - 0 KW - Silicones KW - Index Medicus KW - Prosthesis Failure KW - Equipment Failure Analysis KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Gels -- adverse effects KW - Equipment Safety KW - Incidence KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Female KW - Fibromyalgia -- etiology KW - Fibromyalgia -- epidemiology KW - Silicones -- adverse effects KW - Breast Implants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71933095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+rheumatology+reports&rft.atitle=An+association+of+silicone-gel+breast+implant+rupture+and+fibromyalgia.&rft.au=Brown%2C+S+Lori%3BDuggirala%2C+Hesha+Jani%3BPennello%2C+Gene&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+rheumatology+reports&rft.issn=15233774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of embryotoxicity of ESBO and phthalate esters using an in vitro battery system. AN - 71891204; 12110284 AB - Epoxidized soy bean oil (ESBO) and phthalate esters have been used as a plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride products. In this study, the embryotoxicity of ESBO and phthalate esters, namely, diethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) was evaluated using short-term in vitro battery system, such as the whole embryo, midbrain and limb bud culture systems. Whole embryos at gestation day 9.5 were cultured for 48 h and the morphological scoring was measured. The cytotoxic effect and differentiation for mid-brain (MB) and limb bud (LB) cell were assessed by 50% inhibition concentration (IC(50)) with neutral red uptake and hematoxylin-stained foci (MB) or Alcian Blue staining (LB), respectively. In the whole embryo culture assay, ESBO (83, 250 and 750 microg/ml) exerted no toxic effect on growth and development of the embryo, whereas phthalate esters (1, 10, 100 microg/ml for DEHP, 10, 100, 1,000 microg/ml for BBP and DBP) inhibited growth and development dose dependently. In mid-brain and limb bud culture, the IC(50) of differentiation and cytotoxicity in BBP was 412.24 and 231. 76 microg/ml for mid-brain, and 40.13 and 182.38 microg/ml for limb bud, respectively. The IC(50) of differentiation and cytotoxicity in DBP was 27.47 and 44.53 microg/ml for mid-brain, and 21.21 and 25.54 microg/ml for limb bud cells, respectively. The lower IC(50) in both cells was obtained from DBP when compared to BBP. From these results, limb bud cells responded more sensitively to BBP and DBP than mid-brain cells. The IC(50) of limb bud cell differentiation and cytotoxicity in DBP is 1.9 and 7.1 less than that of BBP. However, any alteration in cytotoxicity and differentiation was observed with ESBO treatment. These studies suggested that ESBO is not embryotoxic; however, DEHP, BBP and DBP exhibit embryotoxic potential at high concentration. JF - Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA AU - Seek Rhee, Gyu AU - Hee Kim, So AU - Sun Kim, Soon AU - Hee Sohn, Kyung AU - Jun Kwack, Seung AU - Ho Kim, Byung AU - Lea Park, Kui AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, 122-704, South Korea. Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 443 EP - 448 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0887-2333, 0887-2333 KW - Epoxy Compounds KW - 0 KW - Phthalic Acids KW - Plasticizers KW - Teratogens KW - Dibutyl Phthalate KW - 2286E5R2KE KW - Soybean Oil KW - 8001-22-7 KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate KW - C42K0PH13C KW - butylbenzyl phthalate KW - YPC4PJX59M KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Limb Buds -- drug effects KW - Biological Assay -- methods KW - Mesencephalon -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Culture Techniques KW - Rats, Wistar KW - Limb Buds -- embryology KW - Mesencephalon -- embryology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Soybean Oil -- toxicity KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate -- toxicity KW - Epoxy Compounds -- toxicity KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Dibutyl Phthalate -- toxicity KW - Plasticizers -- toxicity KW - Phthalic Acids -- toxicity KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71891204?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+in+vitro+%3A+an+international+journal+published+in+association+with+BIBRA&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+embryotoxicity+of+ESBO+and+phthalate+esters+using+an+in+vitro+battery+system.&rft.au=Seek+Rhee%2C+Gyu%3BHee+Kim%2C+So%3BSun+Kim%2C+Soon%3BHee+Sohn%2C+Kyung%3BJun+Kwack%2C+Seung%3BHo+Kim%2C+Byung%3BLea+Park%2C+Kui&rft.aulast=Seek+Rhee&rft.aufirst=Gyu&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=443&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+in+vitro+%3A+an+international+journal+published+in+association+with+BIBRA&rft.issn=08872333&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Results from the 2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Volume I: Summary of National Findings [and] Volume II: Technical Appendices and Selected Data Tables [and] Volume III: Detailed Tables. AN - 62223230; ED470404 AB - This document presents the technical appendices and selected data tables from the 2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Included are a description of the survey; statistical methods and limitations of the data; effects of changes in survey protocol on trend measurement; key definitions for the 1999-2001 survey years; and other sources of data. Appendixes contain references, sample size and population tables, and selected prevalence tables. (Contains 110 references, 54 figures, and 121 tables.) (GCP) Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 342 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345. Tel: 301-468-2600; Tel: 800-729-6686 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-487-4889 (TDD)(Toll Free); Web site: http://www.samhsa.gov; Web site: http://www.DrugAbuseStatistics.SAMHSA.gov. KW - National Household Survey on Drug Abuse KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Substance Abuse KW - Mental Health KW - National Surveys KW - Marijuana KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Tobacco KW - Incidence KW - Cocaine KW - Tables (Data) KW - Drug Rehabilitation KW - Trend Analysis KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62223230?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Background for the Studies on Ancillary Services and Primary Care Use AN - 61537666; 200302780 AB - Timely & optimal HIV primary care is a key tenet of the Ryan White CARE Act, a safety net program for vulnerable & marginalized people living with HIV in the US. Health services researchers, local providers, & policymakers suspect that ancillary services are necessary to improve entry into & retention in HIV primary care for vulnerable populations experiencing barriers to HIV services, including access to antiretroviral therapies. This paper provides background to the eight studies featured in this special supplement to AIDS Care. The eight studies examine retrospectively ancillary (support) services data collected after 1996 in six HIV epicenters (New York & Chicago, plus four sites included in the Client Demonstration project -- Los Angeles, San Francisco, Orange County [CA], & Washington, DC), three smaller hard-hit cities (Boston, New Orleans, & St. Louis) & several states (CA, plus MI & VA from the Client Demonstration Projects). These varied delivery settings serve racial & ethnic minority populations, men who have sex with men, injection drug users, women, & mothers. The studies use a range of analytic approaches to understand whether receipt of certain enabling services correlated with early entry into & retention in care. Ancillary services (support services such as case management, housing, food, transportation, & mental health & substance abuse treatment) are used by local HIV medical & community-based organizations in facilitative strategies directed to populations that have difficulty entering or staying in HIV primary care. Understanding the contribution of ancillary services to timely entry into & consistent use of primary care, including the expanding range of HIV therapeutics, is important to service delivery system planners & resource allocation decision-makers. 2 Tables, 16 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - AIDS Care AU - Conviser, R AU - Pounds, M B AD - Office Science & Epidemiology, HIV/AIDS Bureau, Health Resources & Services Administration, US Dept Health & Human Services, Rockville, MD Rconviser@hrsa.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - S7 EP - S14 VL - 14 SN - 0954-0121, 0954-0121 KW - Human Services KW - Health Care Services Policy KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Delivery Systems KW - Interprofessional Approach KW - United States of America KW - Primary Health Care KW - Health Care Utilization KW - article KW - 6126: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61537666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+Care&rft.atitle=Background+for+the+Studies+on+Ancillary+Services+and+Primary+Care+Use&rft.au=Conviser%2C+R%3BPounds%2C+M+B&rft.aulast=Conviser&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+Care&rft.issn=09540121&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F09540120220149993 LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - AIDCEF N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States of America; Health Care Services Policy; Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Health Care Utilization; Primary Health Care; Human Services; Delivery Systems; Interprofessional Approach DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120220149993 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Associations between HIV-Positive Individuals' Receipt of Ancillary Services and Medical Care Receipt and Retention AN - 61500501; 200302771 AB - This study examines associations between HIV-positive individuals' receipt of ancillary services & their receipt of & retention in primary medical care. Ancillary care services examined include case management, mental health & substance abuse treatment/counseling, advocacy, respite & buddy/companion services, as well as food, housing, emergency financial assistance, & transportation. The selection criterion used was the receipt of care from January-June 1997 at selected facilities receiving funding under the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency (CARE) Act, a federally funded safety net program in the US. The receipt of each ancillary service was associated with the receipt of any primary medical care from a safety net provider. All ancillary services were more strongly associated with primary care receipt than with retention in care or the mean number of primary care visits per year. Mental health & substance abuse treatment/counseling, client advocacy, respite care & buddy/companion services all had significant associations with all primary medical care measures. This is the first time in one study that the primary medical & ancillary services received by all clients at safety net-funded providers from multiple cities & states have been examined. All types of safety net providers, from the largest medical centre to the smallest community-based organization, are represented in this study. The patterns seen here are similar to the findings from the other, geographically more restricted, studies reported on in this volume. 5 Tables, 2 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - AIDS Care AU - Ashman, Jill Jacobsen AU - Conviser, R AU - Pounds, M B AD - Office Science & Epidemiology, HIV/AIDS Bureau, Health Resources & Services Administration, US Dept Health & Human Services, Rockville, MD jashman@hrsa.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - S109 EP - S118 VL - 14 SN - 0954-0121, 0954-0121 KW - Human Services KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Interprofessional Approach KW - United States of America KW - Primary Health Care KW - Social Services Utilization KW - Health Care Utilization KW - Health Care Services KW - article KW - 6126: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61500501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+Care&rft.atitle=Associations+between+HIV-Positive+Individuals%27+Receipt+of+Ancillary+Services+and+Medical+Care+Receipt+and+Retention&rft.au=Ashman%2C+Jill+Jacobsen%3BConviser%2C+R%3BPounds%2C+M+B&rft.aulast=Ashman&rft.aufirst=Jill&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+Care&rft.issn=09540121&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F09540120220149993 LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - AIDCEF N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States of America; Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Health Care Utilization; Social Services Utilization; Primary Health Care; Interprofessional Approach; Human Services; Health Care Services DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120220149993 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Role of Ancillary Services in Client-Centred Systems of Care AN - 61499698; 200302781 AB - The studies in this issue reflect the operation of the Ryan White CARE Act's holistic model of health & support services for people living with HIV in the US. Ancillary services available through the CARE Act are responsive to predisposing factors, enabling factors, & system characteristics that pose barriers to clients' receipt of primary medical care. That nearly all of the studies use cross-sectional rather than longitudinal data makes it difficult to draw causal inferences. Taken as a whole, however, the studies suggest that receipt of ancillary services such as case management, mental health & substance abuse treatment, transportation, & housing assistance is associated with primary care entry & retention among CARE Act clients. The studies & the literature out of which they arise suggest that there is a need to refine further our understanding of care systems so that we can refine the care systems themselves. Among the concepts proposed for the study of care systems are comprehensiveness, capacity, coordination, integration, cultural competence, & client-centeredness. 5 Tables, 32 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - AIDS Care AU - Conviser, Richard AU - Pounds, M B AD - Office Science & Epidemiology, HIV/AIDS Bureau, Health Resources & Services Administration, US Dept Health & Human Services, Rockville, MD Rconviser@hrsa.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - S119 EP - S131 VL - 14 SN - 0954-0121, 0954-0121 KW - Human Services KW - Health Care Services Policy KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Interprofessional Approach KW - United States of America KW - Primary Health Care KW - Social Services Utilization KW - Health Care Utilization KW - Health Care Services KW - article KW - 6126: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61499698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+Care&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Ancillary+Services+in+Client-Centred+Systems+of+Care&rft.au=Conviser%2C+Richard%3BPounds%2C+M+B&rft.aulast=Conviser&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+Care&rft.issn=09540121&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F09540120220150018 LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - AIDCEF N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States of America; Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Health Care Services Policy; Health Care Utilization; Social Services Utilization; Primary Health Care; Health Care Services; Human Services; Interprofessional Approach DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120220150018 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk Assessment in Regulatory Policy Making for Human and Veterinary Public Health AN - 21224650; 11643947 AB - Risk assessment is the method of systematically identifying and assessing factors that influence the probability and consequences of a negative event occurring. One responsibility of veterinary medicine is to protect animal and human health. Food animal production uses antibiotics to enhance production. Regulators evaluate new production technology to en-sure animal safety and safe, edible products and to make public policy decisions by assessing risks/benefits. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine's (CVM's) first risk assessment addressed the potential human health impact of campylobacter effects associated with the use of fluoroquinolines in food-producing animals. CVM used the Monte Carlo method to estimate risk by probability distributions that reflect the uncertainty and variability in the data used for the assessment. Enterococci faecium is a species more likely to be resistant to antibiotics of last resort. Effective control of multidrug-resistant enterococci will require a better understanding of the transfer of E. faecium from animals to humans and the interaction between E. faecium, the hospital environment, and humans; prudent antibiotic use; better contact isolation in hospitals; and better surveillance. CVM will model these factors in a second, more complex risk assessment designed to examine the indirect transfer of resistance from animals to humans. Use of risk assessments allows researchers, the industry, regulatory authorities, and educators to make better policy decisions regarding antimicrobial use in food animals and humans and the development of resistance. Today the question of whether the use of antimicrobials for growth enhancement in food animals should or should not be terminated for the benefit of human health remains unresolved JF - Journal of Clinical Pharmacology AU - Lathers, Claire M AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, 7500 Standish Place, Rm. 387, HFV-100, Rockville, MD 20855 Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 846 EP - 866 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 42 IS - 8 SN - 0091-2700, 0091-2700 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Monte Carlo simulation KW - Risk assessment KW - Data processing KW - Drug resistance KW - public policy KW - Campylobacter KW - Antibiotics KW - Public policy KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Public health KW - Decision making KW - USA KW - Veterinary medicine KW - Drugs KW - antimicrobial agents KW - responsibility KW - Technology KW - Hospitals KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21224650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Risk+Assessment+in+Regulatory+Policy+Making+for+Human+and+Veterinary+Public+Health&rft.au=Lathers%2C+Claire+M&rft.aulast=Lathers&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=846&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Pharmacology&rft.issn=00912700&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F009127000204200802 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Decision making; Veterinary medicine; Data processing; Drug resistance; Antibiotics; Public policy; Public health; Antimicrobial agents; Hospitals; Monte Carlo simulation; public policy; Drugs; antimicrobial agents; Technology; responsibility; Campylobacter; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009127000204200802 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cost-effectiveness of roll-over protective structures AN - 18833100; 5729127 AB - Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) are proven to prevent fatalities from agricultural tractor overturns, accounting for more than one-third of all production agriculture-related fatalities in the United States. In 1997, there were approximately 1.2 million ROPS-retrofittable tractors in the United States. A decision analysis is used to compare the health outcomes of installing ROPS on retrofittable tractors, relative to doing nothing. A cost-effectiveness analysis builds on these results to assess the costs and benefits of installing ROPS on retrofittable tractors. Doing nothing would result in 1,450 fatalities and 1,806 nonfatal injuries, while installing ROPS would prevent 1,176 fatalities and 957 nonfatal injuries. Installing ROPS would cost $489,373 per injury prevented. Installing ROPS on retrofittable tractors would reduce fatalities from tractor overturns by more than 80% and nonfatal injuries by about 53%. The cost per injury prevented would be similar to that of other injury-preventing interventions. ROPS would help prevent additional injuries from falling off tractors and tractor collisions with motor vehicles. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Pana-Cryan, R AU - Myers, M L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 200 Independence Ave. SW, MS P-12 Washington, DC 20201, USA, RPana-Cryan@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 68 EP - 71 VL - 42 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - farming KW - rollover KW - tractors KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18833100?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Cost-effectiveness+of+roll-over+protective+structures&rft.au=Pana-Cryan%2C+R%3BMyers%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Pana-Cryan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=&rft.spage=68&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.10080 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10080 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of Safer Needle Devices and Factors Associated with Their Adoption: Results of a National Hospital Survey AN - 18754890; 5614735 AB - In this study, we collected and analyzed the first data available on the extent of the adoption of safer needle devices (engineered sharps injury protections [ESIPs]) by U.S. hospitals and on the degree to which selected factors influence the use of this technology. We gathered data via a telephone survey of a random sample of 494 U.S. hospitals from November 1999 through February 2000. Although 83% of the sample reported some ESIP adoption, adoption was inconsistent across types of devices. All of the appropriate units in 52% of the facilities had adopted needleless intravenous delivery systems, but the hospitals used other types of ESIPs less often. A respondent's perception that the cost of ESIPs would not be a problem for the hospital was the best predictor of adoption of ESIPs in the facility, explaining 8% of the variance. Other predictors of adoption included the size of the hospital and the presence or absence of state legislative activity on the needlestick issue. Smaller hospitals may require special encouragement and assistance from outside sources to adopt expensive risk-reduction innovations such as ESIPs. Although use of ESIPs is the mandated and preferred way to protect workers from needlesticks, complete adoption of this technology will depend on the support of the social systems in which it is used and the people who use it. JF - Public Health Reports AU - Sinclair, R C AU - Maxfield, A AU - Marks, EL AU - Thompson AU - Gershon, RRM AD - CDC, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, rsinclair@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 340 EP - 349 VL - 117 IS - 4 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - needles KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18754890?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Health+Reports&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+Safer+Needle+Devices+and+Factors+Associated+with+Their+Adoption%3A+Results+of+a+National+Hospital+Survey&rft.au=Sinclair%2C+R+C%3BMaxfield%2C+A%3BMarks%2C+EL%3BThompson%3BGershon%2C+RRM&rft.aulast=Sinclair&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=340&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+Health+Reports&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evolution of multi-gene segments in the mutS-rpoS intergenic region of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 AN - 18732751; 5606447 AB - The nucleotide sequence of the 12 times 6 kb region between the mutS and rpoS genes of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 (S. typhimurium) was compared to other enteric bacterial mutS-rpoS intergenic regions. The mutS-rpoS region is composed of three distinct segments, designated HK, O and S, as defined by sequence similarities to contiguous ORFs in other bacteria. Inverted chromosomal orientations of each of these segments are found between the mutS and rpoS genes in related Enterobacteriaceae. The HK segment is distantly related to a cluster of seven ORFs found in Haemophilus influenzae and a cluster of five ORFs found between the mutS and rpoS genes in Escherichia coli K-12. The O segment is related to the mutS-rpoS intergenic region found in E. coli O157:H7 and Shigella dysenteriae type 1. The third segment, S, is common to diverse Salmonella species, but is absent from E. coli. Despite the extensive collinearity and conservation of the overall genetic maps of S. typhimurium and E. coli K-12, the insertions, deletions and inversions in the mutS-rpoS region provide evidence that this region of the chromosome is an active site for horizontal gene transfer and rearrangement. JF - Microbiology AU - Kotewicz, M L AU - Li, B AU - Levy, D D AU - Le Clerc, JE AU - Shifflet, A W AU - Cebula, T A AD - Division of Molecular Biology, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA, tcebula@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 2531 EP - 2540 VL - 148 IS - 8 SN - 1350-0872, 1350-0872 KW - mutS gene KW - rpoS gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18732751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+multi-gene+segments+in+the+mutS-rpoS+intergenic+region+of+Salmonella+enterica+serovar+Typhimurium+LT2&rft.au=Kotewicz%2C+M+L%3BLi%2C+B%3BLevy%2C+D+D%3BLe+Clerc%2C+JE%3BShifflet%2C+A+W%3BCebula%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Kotewicz&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=148&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2531&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology&rft.issn=13500872&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Hard Metal Dusts from Sintering and Detonation Coating Processes and Comparative Hydroxyl Radical Production AN - 18708984; 5594881 AB - Dust samples from sintering and detonation coating hard-metal processes were characterized, compared, and contrasted for morphology, composition, and generation of hydroxyl radicals. Inhalation of respirable hard-metal (sintered carbide) dusts from hard-metal processes is known to cause fibrotic and asthmatic lung disease. Scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis was used for morphology, composition, and elemental distribution. An electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trapping technique was used to detect hydroxyl radical generation. Samples were incubated with air-saturated buffer solutions containing a spin trap and analyzed by ESR for the presence of *OH in solution. Postdetonation coating samples often had surface contamination of Co on the WC particles, as shown by elemental mapping of individual particles; this was not evident in predetonation samples or unsintered materials in this study. ESR measurements show that both detonation-gun materials were capable of generating *OH, while the WC, cobalt, and presintered mixture did not produce detectable amounts of *OH radicals. The DMPO/*OH adduct formation was apparently facilitated by Fe-mediated reactions for predetonation dusts, and by Fe-mediated site-specific reactions for postdetonation dusts. The overspray materials from the detonation-gun process produced 9-fold more *OH radicals than the predetonation coating mixture. Overall, this study indicates there are substantial differences between postdetonation materials and both predetonation and unsintered hard-metal process materials with respect to morphology, elemental distribution, and *OH radical generation reactions and that these differences may be important in the toxic potential of those materials. JF - Chemical Research in Toxicology AU - Keane, MJ AU - Hornsby-Myers, J L AU - Stephens, J W AU - Harrison, J C AU - Myers, J R AU - Wallace, W E AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 1010 EP - 1016 PB - American Chemical Society, P.O. Box 182426 Columbus OH 43218-2426 USA, [mailto:service@acs.org] VL - 15 IS - 8 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - coating hard-metal processes KW - hydroxyl radicals KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Metals KW - Free radicals KW - Metal finishing industry KW - Respiratory diseases KW - Occupational exposure KW - Dust KW - X 24165:Biochemistry KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18708984?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Hard+Metal+Dusts+from+Sintering+and+Detonation+Coating+Processes+and+Comparative+Hydroxyl+Radical+Production&rft.au=Keane%2C+MJ%3BHornsby-Myers%2C+J+L%3BStephens%2C+J+W%3BHarrison%2C+J+C%3BMyers%2C+J+R%3BWallace%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Keane&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1010&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Ftx0100688 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Metals; Free radicals; Dust; Inhalation; Metal finishing industry; Respiratory diseases; Occupational exposure DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx0100688 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Work-Related Asthma and Implications for the General Public AN - 18600082; 5475133 AB - Asthma has been increasing over the last two decades in the United States. The onset of asthma has also been increasingly reported as a result of occupational exposures to over 350 different agents. Work-related asthma (WRA) has become the most frequently diagnosed occupational respiratory illness. Epidemiologic studies from the United States reported WRA incidence rates of 29-710 cases per million workers per year and suggest that 10-25% of adult asthma is work related. Much can be learned about asthma in the general population from investigations of asthma in the workplace. Surveillance of WRA continues to highlight an important role for low molecular weight chemical sensitizers, as well as high molecular weight antigens. Additionally, recent reports implicate mixed exposures, including commercial cleaning solutions, solvents, and other respiratory irritants, as well as contamination in nonindustrial environments, including schools and offices. Investigations of WRA have demonstrated a clear dose-related increase in sensitization and symptoms for exposures to both chemical and protein sensitizers. High proportions of exposed working groups can be affected. Skin exposures may affect the likelihood of individuals developing respiratory symptoms. Atopy increases the risk of sensitization and illness from workplace exposure to antigens but not to chemical sensitizers. Irritant exposures can act as adjuvants among individuals exposed to sensitizing substances, increasing the proportion who become sensitized. Atopy might also be a result of irritant exposures in some persons. Occupational asthma often has important long-term adverse health and economic consequences but can resolve completely with timely control of exposures. Detailed study of such asthma "cures" may prove useful in understanding factors that influence asthmatic airway inflammation in the general population. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Petsonk, EL AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Mail Stop HG 900.2, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA, elp2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 569 EP - 572 VL - 110 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - respiratory tract diseases KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18600082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Work-Related+Asthma+and+Implications+for+the+General+Public&rft.au=Petsonk%2C+EL&rft.aulast=Petsonk&rft.aufirst=EL&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=&rft.spage=569&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of case definitions for acute encephalopathy, encephalitis, and multiple sclerosis reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System AN - 18529588; 5492983 AB - The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), administered by the FDA and CDC, is the U.S. system for surveillance of vaccine adverse events (AE). Acute encephalopathy age <18 months (EO < 18), age greater than or equal to 18 months (EO greater than or equal to 18), encephalitis (EI), and multiple sclerosis (MS) after vaccination have been reported to VAERS, but reports often contain insufficient information to validate diagnoses. Standardized case definitions would enhance the utility of VAERS reports for AE surveillance. We developed practical case definitions for classification of VAERS reports, and three neurologists independently applied the definitions to reports submitted in 1993. Inter-observer agreement was assessed, and non-concordant classifications were reviewed in a follow-up conference call. Reports of EO < 18 (n = 8), EO greater than or equal to 18 (n = 20), EI (n = 15), and MS (n = 16) were classified as "definite" in 7% to 30% of the cases, while 26% to 51% of reports were thought to have insufficient information to make a classification. Agreement among reviewers was good to excellent, (kappa: 0.65 to 0.85) except for EO < 18 m for which it was marginal (kappa: 0.37). It is possible to develop reproducible case definitions for acute encephalopathy, encephalitis, and multiple sclerosis using a standardized approach. Application of standardized case definitions to VAERS reports documents the limited information in many reports, specifies data for supplemental collection, and indicates that VAERS reports should be cautiously interpreted. Development and application of case definitions for other adverse events reported after vaccination should enhance the value of vaccine safety databases. JF - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology AU - Ball, R AU - Halsey, N AU - Braun, M M AU - Moulton, L H AU - Gale, AD AU - Rammohan, K AU - Wiznitzer, M AU - Johnson, R AU - Salive, ME AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Food and Drug Administration, 1401 Rockville Pike, HFM-220, Rockville, MD 20852, USA, ballr@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 819 EP - 824 VL - 55 IS - 8 SN - 0895-4356, 0895-4356 KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18529588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Development+of+case+definitions+for+acute+encephalopathy%2C+encephalitis%2C+and+multiple+sclerosis+reports+to+the+Vaccine+Adverse+Event+Reporting+System&rft.au=Ball%2C+R%3BHalsey%2C+N%3BBraun%2C+M+M%3BMoulton%2C+L+H%3BGale%2C+AD%3BRammohan%2C+K%3BWiznitzer%2C+M%3BJohnson%2C+R%3BSalive%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=819&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Epidemiology&rft.issn=08954356&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of quantitative exposure data for a pooled exposure-response analysis of 10 silica cohorts AN - 18517614; 5473181 AB - Comprehensive quantitative silica exposure estimates over time, measured in the same units across a number of cohorts, would make possible a pooled exposure-response analysis for lung cancer. Such an analysis would help clarify the continuing controversy regarding whether silica causes lung cancer. Existing quantitative exposure data for 10 silica-exposed cohorts were retrieved from the original investigators. Occupation- and time-specific exposure estimates were either adopted/adapted or developed for each cohort, and converted to milligram per cubic meter (mg/m super(3)) respirable crystalline silica. Quantitative exposure assignments were typically based on a large number (thousands) of raw measurements, or otherwise consisted of exposure estimates by experts (for two cohorts). Median exposure level of the cohorts ranged between 0.04 and 0.59 mg/m super(3) respirable crystalline silica. Exposure estimates were partially validated via their successful prediction of silicosis in these cohorts. Existing data were successfully adopted or modified to create comparable quantitative exposure estimates over time for 10 silica-exposed cohorts, permitting a pooled exposure-response analysis. The difficulties encountered in deriving common exposure estimates across cohorts are discussed. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Mannetje, A AU - Steenland, K AU - Checkoway, H AU - Koskela, R-S AU - Koponen, M AU - Attfield, M AU - Chen, Jingqiong AU - Hnizdo, E AU - DeKlerk, N AU - Dosemeci, M AD - NIOSH R13, Department of Health and Human Services, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, kns1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 73 EP - 86 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - epidemiology KW - exposure KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18517614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Development+of+quantitative+exposure+data+for+a+pooled+exposure-response+analysis+of+10+silica+cohorts&rft.au=Mannetje%2C+A%3BSteenland%2C+K%3BCheckoway%2C+H%3BKoskela%2C+R-S%3BKoponen%2C+M%3BAttfield%2C+M%3BChen%2C+Jingqiong%3BHnizdo%2C+E%3BDeKlerk%2C+N%3BDosemeci%2C+M&rft.aulast=Mannetje&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.10097 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10097 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational dust exposure and the risk of laryngeal cancer in Turkey AN - 18492398; 5456292 AB - A hospital-based case-referent study was conducted to identify occupational risk factors for laryngeal cancer. In a previous report an association was found between laryngeal cancer and occupations with potential dust exposure; a job-exposure matrix was developed to aid further evaluation of laryngeal cancer risks from five occupational dust exposures. Among 7631 cancer cases from the Okmeydani Hospital, Istanbul, between 1979 and 1984, 958 larynx cancer cases were identified among men. After exclusions, 940 laryngeal cancer cases and 1519 referents were available. A standardized questionnaire was used to obtain basic information on the patients. Seven-digit standard occupational and industrial codes were created to classify the job and industrial title. A job-exposure matrix was developed for occupational dusts, including silica, asbestos, wood, cotton, and grain, and age-, smoking-, and alcohol-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to evaluate risks of laryngeal cancer. An excess of laryngeal cancer occurred for workers potentially exposed to silica and cotton dust, particularly for supraglottic cancer (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3-2.3, for silica and OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.5, for cotton dust), and there was a significant dose-response relationship with silica exposure. No relationship was found between laryngeal cancer and asbestos, grain, or wood dust exposures. Laryngeal cancer, especially supraglottic tumors, is associated with silica and cotton dust exposures in Turkey. JF - Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health AU - Elci, O C AU - Akpinar-Elci, M AU - Blair, A AU - Dosemeci, M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Respiratory Diseases Studies, Field Studies Branch, MS2800, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, oae3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 278 EP - 284 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - larynx KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18492398?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Work%2C+Environment+%26+Health&rft.atitle=Occupational+dust+exposure+and+the+risk+of+laryngeal+cancer+in+Turkey&rft.au=Elci%2C+O+C%3BAkpinar-Elci%2C+M%3BBlair%2C+A%3BDosemeci%2C+M&rft.aulast=Elci&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Work%2C+Environment+%26+Health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of tool-specific isolation performance of antivibration gloves AN - 18451041; 5428392 AB - A methodology to estimate vibration isolation effectiveness of antivibration gloves as a function of handle vibration of specific tools is proposed on the basis of frequency response characteristics of the gloves. The handle vibration spectra of six different tools are synthesized in the laboratory and attenuation performances of two different gloves are characterized under tools vibration, and M- and H-spectra defined in ISO-10819 (1996). The vibration characteristics of gloves are measured using three male subjects in the laboratory under different excitation spectra. The results suggest that tool-specific vibration isolation performance of a glove cannot be derived from the standardized M- and H-spectra. Frequency responses of the gloves are thus characterized under broad-band vibration excitations of two different magnitudes, and grip and feed forces recommended in ISO-10819. The results suggest that frequency response characteristics of gloves are relatively insensitive to magnitude of vibration but strongly dependent upon visco-elastic properties of the glove materials. The mean measured frequency response characteristics are then applied to derive an estimate of tool-specific isolation effectiveness of the gloves. The estimated acceleration transmissibility characteristics of gloves are compared with the mean measured responses to demonstrate validity of the proposed methodology. From comparisons, it is concluded that the isolation effectiveness of gloves for selected tools can be effectively predicted using the proposed methodology. The deviations between the predicted and measured transmissibility values are within 8% for majority of the glove-spectra combinations, well within the intra- and inter-subject variabilities reported in different studies. JF - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics AU - Rakheja, S AU - Dong, R AU - Welcome, D AU - Schopper, A W AD - Engineering & Control Technology Branch, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS 2201, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, rkd6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 71 EP - 87 VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0169-8141, 0169-8141 KW - gloves KW - hand tools KW - working conditions KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18451041?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+tool-specific+isolation+performance+of+antivibration+gloves&rft.au=Rakheja%2C+S%3BDong%2C+R%3BWelcome%2C+D%3BSchopper%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=Rakheja&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.issn=01698141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Genes for Shigella sonnei Form I O Polysaccharide: Proposed Biosynthetic Pathway and Stable Expression in a Live Salmonella Vaccine Vector AN - 18447601; 5425531 AB - The gene region for biosynthesis of Shigella sonnei form I O polysaccharide (O-Ps) and flanking sequences, totaling >18 kb, was characterized by deletion analysis to define a minimal construct for development of Salmonella-based live vaccine vector strains. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) expression and DNA sequence studies of plasmid deletion derivatives indicated form I O-Ps expression from a 12.3-kb region containing a putative promoter and 10 contiguous open reading frames (ORFs), one of which is the transposase of IS630. A detailed biosynthetic pathway, consistent with the predicted functions of eight of the nine essential ORFs and the form I O-Ps structure, is proposed. Further sequencing identified partial IS elements (i.e., IS91 and IS630) and wzz upstream of the form I coding region and a fragment of aqpZ and additional full or partial IS elements (i.e., IS629, IS91, and IS911) downstream of this region. The stability of plasmid-based form I O-Ps expression was greater from low-copy vectors than from high-copy vectors and was enhanced by deletion of the downstream IS91 from plasmid inserts. Both core-linked (i.e., LPS) and non-core-linked (i.e., capsule-like) surface expression of form I O-Ps were detected by Western blotting and silver staining of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-separated Shigella and Escherichia coli extracts. However, salmonellae, which have a core that is chemically dissimilar to that of shigellae, expressed only non-core-linked surface- associated form I O-Ps. Finally, attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi live vaccine vector candidates, containing minimal-sized form I operon constructs, elicited immune protection in mice against virulent S. sonnei challenge, thereby supporting the promise of live, oral vaccines for the prevention of shigellosis. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Xu, D AU - Cisar, JO AU - Ambulos, N Jr AU - Burr, D H AU - Kopecko, D J AD - Laboratory of Enteric and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, FDA-CBER, HFM440, Bldg. 29, Rm. 420, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892., Kopecko@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 4414 EP - 4423 VL - 70 IS - 8 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - amino acid sequence prediction KW - aqpZ gene KW - cDNA KW - insertion sequence IS629 KW - insertion sequence IS91 KW - insertion sequence IS911 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18447601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Molecular+Cloning+and+Characterization+of+Genes+for+Shigella+sonnei+Form+I+O+Polysaccharide%3A+Proposed+Biosynthetic+Pathway+and+Stable+Expression+in+a+Live+Salmonella+Vaccine+Vector&rft.au=Xu%2C+D%3BCisar%2C+JO%3BAmbulos%2C+N+Jr%3BBurr%2C+D+H%3BKopecko%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=4414&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.70.8.4414-4423.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.70.8.4414-4423.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The CXC Chemokine Murine Monokine Induced by IFN- gamma (CXC Chemokine Ligand 9) Is Made by APCs, Targets Lymphocytes Including Activated B Cells, and Supports Antibody Responses to a Bacterial Pathogen In Vivo AN - 18436173; 5413283 AB - Monokine induced by IFN- gamma (Mig; CXC chemokine ligand 9) is an IFN- gamma -inducible CXC chemokine that signals through the receptor CXCR3 and is known to function as a chemotactic factor for human T cells, particularly following T cell activation. The mig gene can be induced in multiple cell types and organs, and Mig has been shown to contribute to T cell infiltration into immune/inflammatory reactions in peripheral tissues in mice. We have investigated the expression and activities of Mig and CXCR3 in mouse cells and the role of Mig in models of host defense in mice. Murine (Mu)Mig functioned as a chemotactic factor for resting memory and activated T cells, both CD4 super(+) and CD8 super(+), and responsiveness to MuMig correlated with surface expression of MuCXCR3. Using mig super(-/-) mice, we found that MuMig was not necessary for survival after infections with a number of intracellular pathogens. Surprisingly, however, we found that mig super(-/-) mice showed reductions of 50 75% in Abs produced against the intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain. Furthermore, we found that MuMig induced both calcium signals and chemotaxis in activated B cells, and that B cell activation induced expression of MuCXCR3. In addition, IFN- gamma induced the expression of mumig in APCs, including CD8 alpha super(+) and CD8 alpha super(-) dendritic cells. Together, our data suggest that Mig and CXCR3 may be important not only to recruit T cells to peripheral inflammatory sites, but also in some cases to maximize interactions among activated T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells within lymphoid organs to provide optimal humoral responses to pathogens. JF - Journal of Immunology AU - Park, M K AU - Amichay, D AU - Love, P AU - Wick, E AU - Liao, F AU - Grinberg, A AU - Rabin, R L AU - Zhang, H H AU - Gebeyehu, S AU - Wright, T M AU - Iwasaki, A AU - Weng, Y AU - DeMartino, JA AU - Elkins, K L AU - Farber, J M AD - Inflammation Biology Section and Immune Cell Interaction Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Mammalian Genes and Development, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, and Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892 Y1 - 2002/08/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Aug 01 SP - 1433 EP - 1443 VL - 169 IS - 3 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - CXCL9 protein KW - Mig protein KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18436173?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.atitle=The+CXC+Chemokine+Murine+Monokine+Induced+by+IFN-+gamma+%28CXC+Chemokine+Ligand+9%29+Is+Made+by+APCs%2C+Targets+Lymphocytes+Including+Activated+B+Cells%2C+and+Supports+Antibody+Responses+to+a+Bacterial+Pathogen+In+Vivo&rft.au=Park%2C+M+K%3BAmichay%2C+D%3BLove%2C+P%3BWick%2C+E%3BLiao%2C+F%3BGrinberg%2C+A%3BRabin%2C+R+L%3BZhang%2C+H+H%3BGebeyehu%2C+S%3BWright%2C+T+M%3BIwasaki%2C+A%3BWeng%2C+Y%3BDeMartino%2C+JA%3BElkins%2C+K+L%3BFarber%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=169&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1433&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chromatographic separation and identification of conjugated linoleic acid isomers AN - 17817864; 5648842 AB - There are 56 possible geometric and positional isomers of conjugated octadecadienoic acids (18:2), better known as conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Positive health benefits are ascribed to the consumption of the 9c,11t-18:2 and 10t,12c-18:2 isomers. The dietary significance of the other isomers is not known. Our understanding of the biological role of these acids relies on their proper identification and quantitation in complex biological extracts. Gas chromatography (GC) alone cannot completely separate the naturally occurring CLA isomers. The combination of silver ion high performance liquid chromatography (Ag super(+) HPLC) and GC offers the best separation of these isomers with complementary identification by GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses. JF - Analytica Chimica Acta AU - Roach, JAG AU - Mossoba, M M AU - Yurawecz, M P AU - Kramer, JKG AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740-3835, USA, magdi.mossoba@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 207 EP - 226 VL - 465 IS - 1-2 SN - 0003-2670, 0003-2670 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Gas chromatography KW - Acids KW - Quantitation KW - Spectrometry KW - Linoleic acid KW - Isomers KW - W4 130:General Biomedical Engineering: Tools & Techniques KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17817864?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytica+Chimica+Acta&rft.atitle=Chromatographic+separation+and+identification+of+conjugated+linoleic+acid+isomers&rft.au=Roach%2C+JAG%3BMossoba%2C+M+M%3BYurawecz%2C+M+P%3BKramer%2C+JKG&rft.aulast=Roach&rft.aufirst=JAG&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=465&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytica+Chimica+Acta&rft.issn=00032670&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0003-2670%2802%2900193-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Isomers; Linoleic acid; High-performance liquid chromatography; Acids; Spectrometry; Gas chromatography; Quantitation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(02)00193-9 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Role of CpG stimulatory and G-rich inhibitory motifs in innate and cognate immune responses AN - 39583088; 3691471 AU - Klinman, D M Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39583088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Role+of+CpG+stimulatory+and+G-rich+inhibitory+motifs+in+innate+and+cognate+immune+responses&rft.au=Klinman%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Klinman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Keystone Symposium, 21996 US Highway 6, P.O. Box 38, Keystone, CO 80435, USA; email: symposia@vailresorts.com; URL: www.keystonesymposia.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Regulatory challenges of transgenic production of human therapeutic proteins AN - 39494705; 3698055 AU - Norcross, M Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39494705?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Regulatory+challenges+of+transgenic+production+of+human+therapeutic+proteins&rft.au=Norcross%2C+M&rft.aulast=Norcross&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, P.O. Box 590, Frederick, MD 21705, USA; phone: 703-243-2800; URL: www.aapspharmaceutica.com/biotechnology N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interindividual variation and organ-specific patterns of glutathione S-transferase alpha, mu, and pi expression in gastrointestinal tract mucosa of normal individuals. AN - 71939692; 12139976 AB - Glutathione S-transferase (GST) protein in gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of 16 organ donors, from whom all or substantial portions of the GI tract (stomach-colon) were available, was quantitated by HPLC and examined for interindividual variability/consistency of organ-specific patterns of expression. GSTP1, GSTA1, and GSTA2 were major components, and GSTM1 and GSTM3 were minor components. Consistent patterns of organ-specific expression were evident despite a high degree of interindividual variation of expression. GSTP1 was expressed throughout the GI tract and showed a decrease of expression from stomach to colon. GSTA1 and GSTA2 were expressed at high levels in duodenum and small intestine and expression decreased from proximal to distal small intestine. In contrast, GSTA1 and GSTA2 expression in colon and stomach of all subjects was low, particularly for colon where GSTA1 expression was 20- to 800-fold lower than that in corresponding small intestine. These consistent patterns of expression would suggest that compared to duodenum and small intestine, colon and to a lesser extent stomach always have low potential for GST-dependent detoxification of chemical carcinogens and are therefore at greater risk of genotoxic effects, particularly via substrates that are specific for GSTA1. This may be a factor in the greater susceptibility of stomach and colon to cancers compared to duodenum/small intestine. JF - Archives of biochemistry and biophysics AU - Coles, Brian F AU - Chen, Guanping AU - Kadlubar, Fred F AU - Radominska-Pandya, Anna AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. bcoles@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/07/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 15 SP - 270 EP - 276 VL - 403 IS - 2 SN - 0003-9861, 0003-9861 KW - Isoenzymes KW - 0 KW - GSTP1 protein, human KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Glutathione S-Transferase pi KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - glutathione S-transferase M1 KW - glutathione S-transferase alpha KW - Index Medicus KW - Reference Values KW - Gastric Mucosa -- enzymology KW - Humans KW - Cytosol -- enzymology KW - Adult KW - Organ Specificity KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Isoenzymes -- metabolism KW - Female KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Digestive System -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71939692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+biochemistry+and+biophysics&rft.atitle=Interindividual+variation+and+organ-specific+patterns+of+glutathione+S-transferase+alpha%2C+mu%2C+and+pi+expression+in+gastrointestinal+tract+mucosa+of+normal+individuals.&rft.au=Coles%2C+Brian+F%3BChen%2C+Guanping%3BKadlubar%2C+Fred+F%3BRadominska-Pandya%2C+Anna&rft.aulast=Coles&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=2002-07-15&rft.volume=403&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=270&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+biochemistry+and+biophysics&rft.issn=00039861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-22 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Concomitant Risk Factors in Reports of Torsades de Pointes Associated with Macrolide Use: Review of the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System AN - 18457245; 5433807 AB - In this case series, we examined concomitant risk factors mentioned in reports of torsades de pointes, a rare ventricular arrhythmia, that occurred in association with administration of macrolide antimicrobials (e.g., azithromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, and erythromycin). Increasing age, female sex, and concomitant diseases and drug administration believed to increase risks for torsades de pointes were commonly reported. JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases AU - Shaffer, D AU - Singer, S AU - Korvick, J AU - Honig, P AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2002/07/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 15 SP - 197 EP - 200 VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - USFDA KW - man KW - torsades de pointes KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18457245?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Concomitant+Risk+Factors+in+Reports+of+Torsades+de+Pointes+Associated+with+Macrolide+Use%3A+Review+of+the+United+States+Food+and+Drug+Administration+Adverse+Event+Reporting+System&rft.au=Shaffer%2C+D%3BSinger%2C+S%3BKorvick%2C+J%3BHonig%2C+P&rft.aulast=Shaffer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-07-15&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicokinetics of Riddelliine, a Carcinogenic Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid, and Metabolites in Rats and Mice AN - 18454961; 5429904 AB - Riddelliine is a representative pyrrolizidine alkaloid, a class of naturally occurring toxic phytochemicals present in plant species worldwide. Human exposure to pyrrolizidine alkaloids occurs through consumption of herbal dietary supplements, including comfrey, and through contaminated livestock products (e.g., milk). A recently completed 2-year bioassay of riddelliine carcinogenicity showed that male and female rats and male mice, but not female mice, developed liver tumors. The toxicokinetics of riddelliine and two metabolites, the N-oxide and retronecine, were determined in serum following an oral gavage dose in male and female rats and mice using a validated liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometric method. The results are consistent with extensive metabolism of riddelliine and its more polar metabolites prior to excretion. It is concluded that factors other than toxicokinetics are responsible for the observed species/sex specificity of gross toxicity or liver tumor induction in rats and mice. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Williams, L AU - Chou, M W AU - Yan, J AU - Young, J F AU - Chan, P C AU - Doerge AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, 72079, ddoerge@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/07/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 15 SP - 98 EP - 104 PB - Academic Press VL - 182 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - males KW - mice KW - pyrrolizidine KW - rats KW - riddelliine KW - toxicokinetics KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18454961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Toxicokinetics+of+Riddelliine%2C+a+Carcinogenic+Pyrrolizidine+Alkaloid%2C+and+Metabolites+in+Rats+and+Mice&rft.au=Williams%2C+L%3BChou%2C+M+W%3BYan%2C+J%3BYoung%2C+J+F%3BChan%2C+P+C%3BDoerge&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-07-15&rft.volume=182&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=98&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ftaap.2002.9441 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/taap.2002.9441 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - MAPKs Mediate S Phase Arrest Induced by Vanadate through a p53-Dependent Pathway in Mouse Epidermal C141 Cells AN - 18445876; 5428291 AB - Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases play an important role in mediation of the signal transduction pathway in cellular response to genotoxic stress. Cell growth arrest is considered as an early stage in response to the genotoxic stress. p53 is well-known as a tumor suppression gene involved in both cell growth arrest and apoptosis. The present study investigated the involvement of MAP kinases in vanadate-induced cell growth arrest and the relationship of p53. DNA content analysis showed that vanadate-induced S phase arrest is time- and dose-dependent in p53 wild-type C141 cells but not in p53-deficient C141 cells. Western blotting results indicated that vanadate caused an inactivation of p-cdk2 at Thr160, which is an important kinase for the progression of S phase, and an increase in expression of p21, which is a key for S phase arrest. In p53-deficient cells, vanadate did not induce any observable change in p21 or p-cdk2 level. In addition, vanadate up-regulated phospho-p38 and ERK, two members of MAP kinases. At the same time, vanadate increased the p53 activity as measured by luciferase assay. Addition of PD98059 and SB202190, inhibitors of ERK and p38, respectively, decreased vanadate-induced S phase arrest, reduced p21 levels, restored activation of p-cdk2, and decreased p53 activity. The study demonstrated that vanadate-induced S phase arrest is mediated by both ERK and p38 in a p53-dependent pathway. JF - Chemical Research in Toxicology AU - Zhang, Z AU - He, H AU - Chen, F AU - Huang, C AU - Shi, X AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA Y1 - 2002/07/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 15 SP - 950 EP - 956 VL - 15 IS - 7 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - ERK protein KW - cell lines KW - mice KW - p38 protein KW - vanadate KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18445876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.atitle=MAPKs+Mediate+S+Phase+Arrest+Induced+by+Vanadate+through+a+p53-Dependent+Pathway+in+Mouse+Epidermal+C141+Cells&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Z%3BHe%2C+H%3BChen%2C+F%3BHuang%2C+C%3BShi%2C+X&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=2002-07-15&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=950&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Ftx0255018 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx0255018 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of incurred sulfonamide residues in eggs: methods for confirmation by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and quantitation by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. AN - 71786588; 12052721 AB - Two complementary methods for identifying and measuring sulfonamide residues in eggs were developed for use in surveying eggs for potential drug residues. The first method uses liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) to confirm the presence of sulfonamide residues in eggs. During its validation the limit of confirmation was estimated to be 5-10 ng/g (ppb) depending on the drug. Also, a method for measuring residue level by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (LC-UV) was validated using the same extraction procedure as the confirmatory method. The determinative method was validated over the 50-200 ppb range. Samples were prepared by homogenizing whole egg, extracting with acetonitrile, and cleaning up with a C(18) solid-phase extraction cartridge. For confirmation, analytes were separated by gradient LC on a C(18) column, ionized by electrospray ionization (ESI), and detected by MS-MS with an ion trap mass spectrometer. For determination, analytes were separated by a different gradient LC procedure and detected by UV at 287 nm. Fifteen drugs were dosed individually in laying hens, and residues of parent drug and/or metabolites were found in eggs for all the drugs. Validation was based on repetitive analyses of control samples, control samples fortified at 100 ppb sulfonamides, and samples of blended incurred eggs. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences AU - Heller, David N AU - Ngoh, Maureen A AU - Donoghue, Dan AU - Podhorniak, Lynda AU - Righter, Herbert AU - Thomas, Michael H AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. Y1 - 2002/07/05/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 05 SP - 39 EP - 52 VL - 774 IS - 1 SN - 1570-0232, 1570-0232 KW - Sulfonamides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Reference Standards KW - Female KW - Sulfonamides -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Eggs -- analysis KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet -- methods KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71786588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.atitle=Identification+of+incurred+sulfonamide+residues+in+eggs%3A+methods+for+confirmation+by+liquid+chromatography-tandem+mass+spectrometry+and+quantitation+by+liquid+chromatography+with+ultraviolet+detection.&rft.au=Heller%2C+David+N%3BNgoh%2C+Maureen+A%3BDonoghue%2C+Dan%3BPodhorniak%2C+Lynda%3BRighter%2C+Herbert%3BThomas%2C+Michael+H&rft.aulast=Heller&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2002-07-05&rft.volume=774&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.issn=15700232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-22 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From the Food and Drug Administration. AN - 71867427; 12090852 JF - JAMA AU - Crawford, Lester M AD - US Food and Drug Administration, USA. Y1 - 2002/07/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 03 SP - 36 VL - 288 IS - 1 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Vasodilator Agents KW - 0 KW - treprostinil KW - Epoprostenol KW - DCR9Z582X0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Policy Making KW - Humans KW - Hypertension, Pulmonary -- drug therapy KW - Epoprostenol -- therapeutic use KW - Drug Interactions KW - Drug Industry -- standards KW - Vasodilator Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Advertising as Topic -- standards KW - United States Food and Drug Administration -- standards KW - Herbal Medicine KW - Epoprostenol -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71867427?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=From+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration.&rft.au=Crawford%2C+Lester+M&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=Lester&rft.date=2002-07-03&rft.volume=288&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-11 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection and characterization of erythromycin-resistant methylase genes in Gram-positive bacteria isolated from poultry litter AN - 910650221; 15667644 AB - The epidemiology of four erythromycin-resistant methylase (erm) genes, ermA, ermB, ermC and msrA, was determined in erythromycin-resistant staphylococci, enterococci and streptococci isolated from poultry litter. All isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Southern hybridization indicated that 4 of the 20 staphylococci contained the ermC gene on plasmids: on a 2.2 kb plasmid in Staphylococcus hominis and S. sciuri, on a 6.0 kb plasmid in S. xylosus, and on a 7.0 kb plasmid in S. lentus. In 16 of the 20 staphylococci, the ermA gene was harbored exclusively on the chromosome, as a double chromosomal insert on 8.0 and 6.2 kb EcoRI fragments. None of the staphylococci harbored the msrA gene. Dot-blot analysis indicated that all enterococci and streptococci hybridized with a biotinylated ermB gene probe. Southern hybridization indicated that only 2 of the 19 erythromycin-resistant enterococci contained the ermB gene on plasmids. The gene was localized on 4.0 kb and 5.9 kb plasmids, respectively, in two Enterococcus faecium isolates. Results from our studies indicate that the patterns of occurrence of erm genes, the sizes of the plasmids and the copy numbers of the inserts were different from the existing information on the presence of erm genes in clinical strains of Staphylococcus spp. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Khan, A AU - Nawaz, M AU - Khan, S AU - Steele, R AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, mnawaz@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 377 EP - 381 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 59 IS - 2-3 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Antibiotics KW - Plasmids KW - Enterococcus faecium KW - J:02410 KW - A:01340 KW - W 30915:Pharmaceuticals & Vaccines UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/910650221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Detection+and+characterization+of+erythromycin-resistant+methylase+genes+in+Gram-positive+bacteria+isolated+from+poultry+litter&rft.au=Khan%2C+A%3BNawaz%2C+M%3BKhan%2C+S%3BSteele%2C+R&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00253-002-1013-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plasmids; Enterococcus faecium DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-002-1013-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A nonradioisotopic endpoint for measurement of lymph node cell proliferation in a murine allergic contact dermatitis model, using bromodeoxyuridine immunohistochemistry. AN - 72897943; 12750042 AB - The murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) was developed as an alternative to guinea pig models for the assessment of the xenobiotic contact sensitization potential. However, it would be advantageous to have an alternative endpoint to the usual radioisotopic-dependent measures. In the present study, we investigated the development of a nonradioisotopic endpoint for LLNA using immunohistochemistry. Female Balb/c mice were treated by the topical application of strong sensitizers, 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI), and a strong irritant, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), on the dorsum of both ears once daily for three consecutive days. The proliferation of cells in the auricular lymph node and ears was analyzed by means of the labeling index (LI) of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into cells. Skin reactions, consisting of increased ear thickness and the presence of inflammatory cell infiltrates, were observed in mice treated with DNCB and TDI. The cell number and the weight of the lymph nodes in the mice treated with the allergens, DNCB and TDI, were increased compared to vehicle control. We observed an increase in the areas of the B220(+) cells in the lymph nodes of mice treated with allergens, as determined by immunohistochemistry. There was an increase in the percentage of B220(+) cells in mice treated with DNCB and TDI compared to the vehicle control, but not in those treated with SLS. Because we observed an increase in the percentage of B cells in the allergen-treated group, we measured the stimulation index (SI) in the cortex and medulla (C+M) of the lymph node. The SI values of the C+M in the lymph nodes of the mice treated with DNCB and TDI were increased more than threefold compared with that of the control. However, the SI of the C+M in the lymph nodes of the mice exposed to 25% SLS was not significantly increased compared to the vehicle control, although the lymph node weight of the SLS group was significantly increased. In Balb/c mice, BrdU immunohistochemistry showed its potential use for the identification and differentiation of chemicals with the capacity to induce irritation and sensitization. The results suggest that the measurement of the SI in the cortex and medulla of the lymph node using BrdU immunohistochemistry could provide a useful method to screen irritants and allergens. JF - Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods AU - Lee, Jong Kwon AU - Park, Jae Hyun AU - Park, Seung Hee AU - Kim, Hyung Soo AU - Oh, Hye Young AD - Division of Immunotoxicology, Department of Toxicology, Korea Food and Drug Administration, National Institute of Toxicology Research, Seoul 122-704, South Korea. jkleest@kfda.go.kr PY - 2002 SP - 53 EP - 61 VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 1056-8719, 1056-8719 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Antimetabolites KW - Irritants KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Bromodeoxyuridine KW - G34N38R2N1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Endpoint Determination KW - Cell Count KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Cell Separation KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - DNA -- biosynthesis KW - Female KW - Irritants -- toxicity KW - Allergens -- toxicity KW - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact -- pathology KW - Lymph Nodes -- drug effects KW - Lymph Nodes -- cytology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72897943?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+pharmacological+and+toxicological+methods&rft.atitle=A+nonradioisotopic+endpoint+for+measurement+of+lymph+node+cell+proliferation+in+a+murine+allergic+contact+dermatitis+model%2C+using+bromodeoxyuridine+immunohistochemistry.&rft.au=Lee%2C+Jong+Kwon%3BPark%2C+Jae+Hyun%3BPark%2C+Seung+Hee%3BKim%2C+Hyung+Soo%3BOh%2C+Hye+Young&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Jong&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+pharmacological+and+toxicological+methods&rft.issn=10568719&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-11 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of glycolic acid on UVB-induced skin damage and inflammation in guinea pigs. AN - 72074817; 12218285 AB - Recently the use of glycolic-acid-containing cosmetics has received increased public interest in their supposed ability to reduce wrinkles, roughness, age spots and other skin damage. However, the safety of such products when used excessively or chronically, especially by photosensitive people, is being questioned. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of glycolic acid alone or in combination with UVB on skin damage and inflammatory response. Guinea pigs were treated with glycolic acid (from 1 to 7 mg/cm(2)) alone or in combination with UVB (0.4 or 3 J/cm(2)) for 14 days. Skin damage was evaluated by scoring the skin irritation value by the method of Draize and by histopathological observations. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production were also assessed. Glycolic acid caused an increase in the level of skin damage in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Lower doses (1 and 3 mg/cm(2)) of glycolic acid mostly caused erythema and eschar, and these consequently formed scales, whereas higher doses (5 and 7 mg/cm(2)) of glycolic acid caused redness, edema and necrotic ulceration. Glycolic acid also increased the thickness of the epidermal layer, reduced the organization of the stratum corneum and eventually destroyed some parts of the epidermal layer at 7 mg/cm(2). UVB (0.4 and 3 J/cm(2)) caused redness and edema as well as reduced the integrity of the stratum corneum. Glycolic acid enhanced the UVB-induced skin damage. The magnitude of the damage caused by combined UVB and glycolic acid treatment was much greater than that caused by glycolic acid or UVB alone. Moreover, partial destruction of the epidermal layer was observed in skin treated with 3 J/cm(2) UVB and 3 mg/cm(2) glycolic acid. However, glycolic acid did not change the basal and UVB-induced PGE(2) production and COX-2 protein expression. These results show that glycolic acid causes skin damage in a dose- and time-dependent manner and that it enhances UVB-induced skin damage without accompanying PGE(2) production or COX-2 protein expression. Therefore, caution should be exercised by those using glycolic acid on a chronic basis or excessively. Moreover, those with photosensitive skins and those more exposed to the sun should be particularly careful. Copyright 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel JF - Skin pharmacology and applied skin physiology AU - Park, K S AU - Kim, H J AU - Kim, E J AU - Nam, K T AU - Oh, J H AU - Song, C W AU - Jung, H K AU - Kim, D J AU - Yun, Y W AU - Kim, H S AU - Chung, S Y AU - Cho, D H AU - Kim, B Y AU - Hong, J T AD - Department of General Toxicology, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea. PY - 2002 SP - 236 EP - 245 VL - 15 IS - 4 SN - 1422-2868, 1422-2868 KW - Glycolates KW - 0 KW - Isoenzymes KW - Keratolytic Agents KW - glycolic acid KW - 0WT12SX38S KW - Cyclooxygenase 2 KW - EC 1.14.99.1 KW - Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases KW - Dinoprostone KW - K7Q1JQR04M KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dinoprostone -- biosynthesis KW - Guinea Pigs KW - Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases -- metabolism KW - Ultraviolet Rays -- adverse effects KW - Inflammation -- etiology KW - Epidermis -- pathology KW - Dermis -- pathology KW - Time Factors KW - Isoenzymes -- metabolism KW - Female KW - Skin -- radiation effects KW - Skin -- drug effects KW - Glycolates -- adverse effects KW - Skin -- metabolism KW - Skin -- pathology KW - Keratolytic Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72074817?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Skin+pharmacology+and+applied+skin+physiology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+glycolic+acid+on+UVB-induced+skin+damage+and+inflammation+in+guinea+pigs.&rft.au=Park%2C+K+S%3BKim%2C+H+J%3BKim%2C+E+J%3BNam%2C+K+T%3BOh%2C+J+H%3BSong%2C+C+W%3BJung%2C+H+K%3BKim%2C+D+J%3BYun%2C+Y+W%3BKim%2C+H+S%3BChung%2C+S+Y%3BCho%2C+D+H%3BKim%2C+B+Y%3BHong%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=236&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Skin+pharmacology+and+applied+skin+physiology&rft.issn=14222868&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA microarray technology used for studying foodborne pathogens and microbial habitats: minireview. AN - 72013811; 12180686 AB - Microarray analysis is an emerging technology that has the potential to become a leading trend in bacterial identification in food and feed improvement. The technology uses fluorescent-labeled probes amplified from bacterial samples that are then hybridized to thousands of DNA sequences immobilized on chemically modified glass slides. The whole gene or open reading frame(s) is represented by a polymerase chain reaction fragment of double-strand DNA, approximately 1000 base pair (bp) or 20-70 bp single-strand oligonucleotides. The technology can be used to identity bacteria and to study gene expression in complex microbial populations, such as those found in food and gastrointestinal tracts. Data generated by microarray analysis can be potentially used to improve the safety of our food supply as well as ensure the efficiency of animal feed conversion to human food, e.g., in meat and milk production by ruminants. This minireview addresses the use of microarray technology in bacterial identification and gene expression in different microbial systems and in habitats containing mixed populations of bacteria. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Al-Khaldi, Sufian F AU - Martin, Scott A AU - Rasooly, Avraham AU - Evans, Jeff D AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, CFSAN, Division of Microbiological Studies, College Park, MD 20740-3855, USA. Sufian.Al-Khaldi@cfsan.fda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 906 EP - 910 VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environment KW - Bacteria -- genetics KW - Rumen -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Humans KW - DNA, Bacterial -- isolation & purification KW - DNA, Bacterial -- genetics KW - Bacteria -- pathogenicity KW - Bacteria -- isolation & purification KW - Bacteriological Techniques KW - Food Microbiology KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72013811?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=DNA+microarray+technology+used+for+studying+foodborne+pathogens+and+microbial+habitats%3A+minireview.&rft.au=Al-Khaldi%2C+Sufian+F%3BMartin%2C+Scott+A%3BRasooly%2C+Avraham%3BEvans%2C+Jeff+D&rft.aulast=Al-Khaldi&rft.aufirst=Sufian&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=906&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Method validation study of hypoglycin A determination in ackee fruit. AN - 72011796; 12180690 AB - A study was conducted to validate the performance characteristics of a published method entitled "Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatographic Detection of Hypoglycin A in Canned Ackee Fruit Sample." Hypoglycin A (HG-A) was extracted from ackee fruit with 80% ethanol-water, centrifuged, and filtered; the sample extract then was reacted with phenylisothiocyanate. HG-A was separated by reversed-phase chromatography as the phenylthiocarbamyl derivative and detected at the low nanogram level using a UV detector at 254 nm. A study was conducted to determine recovery of HG-A added to a control ackee fruit sample. A control sample containing a low level of HG-A was spiked with 403.2, 201.6, 96.8, and 48.4 microg HG-A/g ackee fruit, respectively. Twelve replicates were analyzed for each spike level. The mean percent recovery +/- standard deviation for spike levels 403.2, 201.6, 96.8, and 48.4 microg HG-A/g were 94.37 +/- 1.27, 99.12 +/- 2.09, 107.95 +/- 5.42, and 129.18 +/- 15.32%, respectively. The percent coefficient of variation (%CV) for spike levels 403.2, 201.6, 96.8, and 48.4 microg HG-A/g were 1.35, 2.11, 5.02, and 11.86%, respectively. The recovery data indicate that HG-A can be recovered from ackee fruit with excellent accuracy and precision. Precision data obtained from replicate assays of ackee fruit naturally contaminated with low, medium, and high HG-A levels is presented. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Ware, George M AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Southeast Regional Laboratory, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA. gware@ora.fda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 933 EP - 937 VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Hypoglycins KW - 0 KW - hypoglycin KW - 156-56-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Chemistry Techniques, Analytical KW - Reference Standards KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Fruit -- chemistry KW - Blighia -- chemistry KW - Hypoglycins -- standards KW - Hypoglycins -- analysis KW - Food Contamination -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72011796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Method+validation+study+of+hypoglycin+A+determination+in+ackee+fruit.&rft.au=Ware%2C+George+M&rft.aulast=Ware&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=933&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health effects associated with medical glove use. AN - 71945334; 12134403 AB - Adverse reactions to medical gloves represent an important public health issue. Accordingly, there is increasing interest in understanding the information reported to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) describing health effects associated with the use of medical gloves. This article provides a retrospective analysis and summary of health effects associated with medical glove use reported to the FDA. The FDA's medical device adverse event databases were searched via computer using keywords to identify reports of reactions associated with any type of medical glove. Demographic and clinical information abstracted from these reports was used to perform frequency and trend analyses. The reported medical glove-related events, including the noted trends in reporting, suggest the need for further study and continued monitoring of such reports. JF - AORN journal AU - Dillard, Sharon F AU - Hefflin, Brockton AU - Kaczmarek, Ronald G AU - Petsonk, Edward L AU - Gross, Thomas P AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Surveillance and Biometrics, Division of Postmarket Surveillance, Rockville, Md., USA. Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 88 EP - 96 VL - 76 IS - 1 SN - 0001-2092, 0001-2092 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nursing KW - Anaphylaxis -- epidemiology KW - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact -- epidemiology KW - Databases as Topic KW - Humans KW - Perioperative Nursing -- statistics & numerical data KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Risk Management -- statistics & numerical data KW - Hypersensitivity, Immediate -- etiology KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact -- etiology KW - Adult KW - Anaphylaxis -- etiology KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Latex Hypersensitivity -- etiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Latex Hypersensitivity -- epidemiology KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Asthma -- etiology KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing KW - Gloves, Surgical -- adverse effects KW - Gloves, Surgical -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71945334?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AORN+journal&rft.atitle=Health+effects+associated+with+medical+glove+use.&rft.au=Dillard%2C+Sharon+F%3BHefflin%2C+Brockton%3BKaczmarek%2C+Ronald+G%3BPetsonk%2C+Edward+L%3BGross%2C+Thomas+P&rft.aulast=Dillard&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AORN+journal&rft.issn=00012092&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health effects and occupational exposures among office workers near the World Trade Center disaster site. AN - 71941567; 12134522 AB - The extent of health effects and exposure to environmental contaminants among workers and residents indirectly affected by the September 11, 2001, attack on the World Trade Center (WTC) is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate concerns related to health effects and occupational exposures three months after the WTC disaster among a population of employees working in a building close to the disaster site. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was performed of Federal employees working near the WTC site in New York City (NYC) and a comparison group of Federal employees in Dallas, Texas. An industrial hygiene evaluation of the NYC workplace was conducted. Constitutional and mental health symptoms were reported more frequently among workers in NYC compared to those in Dallas; level of social support was inversely related to prevalence of mental health symptoms. Post-September 11th counseling services were utilized to a greater degree among workers in NYC, while utilization of other types of medical services did not differ significantly between the groups. No occupational exposures to substances at concentrations that would explain the reported constitutional symptoms were found; however, we were unable to assess potential occupational exposures in the time immediately after the WTC disaster. There is no evidence of ongoing hazardous exposure to airborne contaminants among the workers surveyed. Specific causes of reported constitutional health symptoms have not been determined. Health care providers and management and employee groups should be aware of the need to address mental health issues as well as constitutional symptoms among the large number of workers in the NYC area who have been indirectly affected by the WTC disaster. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Trout, Douglas AU - Nimgade, Ashok AU - Mueller, Charles AU - Hall, Ronald AU - Earnest, G Scott AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluation and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH, USA. dtrout@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 601 EP - 605 VL - 44 IS - 7 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - New York City -- epidemiology KW - Texas -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Middle Aged KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Occupational Health KW - Terrorism KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71941567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Health+effects+and+occupational+exposures+among+office+workers+near+the+World+Trade+Center+disaster+site.&rft.au=Trout%2C+Douglas%3BNimgade%2C+Ashok%3BMueller%2C+Charles%3BHall%2C+Ronald%3BEarnest%2C+G+Scott&rft.aulast=Trout&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=601&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-18 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Occup Environ Med. 2003 May;45(5):465-6; author reply 466 [12762069] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of modeling and simulation to integrate clinical pharmacology knowledge across a new drug application. AN - 71933929; 12139204 AB - Typical drug development includes few studies to find the right dose/dosing regimen and several other bridging studies evaluating various prognostic factors (e.g.: co-administration of other drugs, organ failure). The drug sponsors and the regulators use this information to formulate labeling instructions for safe and effective use of the drug. In the current article, modeling and simulation are proposed as tools to integrate the knowledge from the effectiveness/safety studies and the bridging studies. Simulations allow exploring the impact of various prognostic factors on the effectiveness and safety. The concept is exemplified using the new drug application of an anti-migraine drug. The exercise aids in integrating all the knowledge across the drug development to suggest rationale dosing strategies; effectively communicating the impact of the prognostic factors to the clinicians/regulators; and protect against any intellectual losses due to development team changes. JF - International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics AU - Gobburu, J V S AU - Sekar, V J AD - Office of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. gobburuj@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 281 EP - 288 VL - 40 IS - 7 SN - 0946-1965, 0946-1965 KW - Drugs, Investigational KW - 0 KW - Ketoconazole KW - R9400W927I KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic KW - Drug Interactions KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Migraine Disorders -- drug therapy KW - Humans KW - Ketoconazole -- administration & dosage KW - Migraine Disorders -- complications KW - Ketoconazole -- adverse effects KW - Renal Insufficiency -- complications KW - Ketoconazole -- pharmacology KW - Drugs, Investigational -- pharmacology KW - Computer Simulation KW - Drugs, Investigational -- adverse effects KW - Investigational New Drug Application -- methods KW - Drugs, Investigational -- administration & dosage KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71933929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+clinical+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Application+of+modeling+and+simulation+to+integrate+clinical+pharmacology+knowledge+across+a+new+drug+application.&rft.au=Gobburu%2C+J+V+S%3BSekar%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Gobburu&rft.aufirst=J+V&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+clinical+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.issn=09461965&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Olanzapine-associated diabetes mellitus. AN - 71926819; 12126218 AB - To explore the clinical characteristics of hyperglycemia in patients treated with olanzapine. Retrospective, epidemiologic survey of spontaneously reported adverse events related to olanzapine therapy Government-affiliated drug evaluation center. Two hundred thirty-seven patients with olanzapine-associated diabetes or hyperglycemia. One hundred ninety-six cases from January 1994-May 15, 2001, were identified with the United States Food and Drug Administration's MedWatch Drug Surveillance System, and 41 cases published through May 15, 2001, were identified with MEDLINE or through meeting abstracts. Of the 237 cases, 188 were new-onset diabetes, 44 were exacerbations of preexistent disease, and 5 could not be classified. Mean patient age for newly diagnosed cases was 40.7+/-12.9 years and male:female ratio was 1.8. Seventy-three percent of all cases of hyperglycemia appeared within 6 months of start of olanzapine therapy. Eighty patients had metabolic acidosis or ketosis, 41 had glucose levels of 1000 mg/dl or greater, and 15 patients died. When olanzapine was discontinued or the dosage decreased, 78% of patients had improved glycemic control. Hyperglycemia recurred in 8 of 10 cases with rechallenge. Number of reports, temporal relationship to start of olanzapine therapy, relatively young age, and improvement on drug withdrawal suggest that olanzapine may precipitate or unmask diabetes in susceptible patients. JF - Pharmacotherapy AU - Koller, Elizabeth A AU - Doraiswamy, P Murali AD - Division of Metabolic and Endocrine Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Review, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 841 EP - 852 VL - 22 IS - 7 SN - 0277-0008, 0277-0008 KW - Benzodiazepines KW - 12794-10-4 KW - Pirenzepine KW - 3G0285N20N KW - olanzapine KW - N7U69T4SZR KW - Index Medicus KW - Hyperglycemia -- epidemiology KW - Hyperglycemia -- chemically induced KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Hyperglycemia -- blood KW - Pirenzepine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- chemically induced KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- blood KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- epidemiology KW - Pirenzepine -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71926819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacotherapy&rft.atitle=Olanzapine-associated+diabetes+mellitus.&rft.au=Koller%2C+Elizabeth+A%3BDoraiswamy%2C+P+Murali&rft.aulast=Koller&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=841&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacotherapy&rft.issn=02770008&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fatal asthma from powdering shark cartilage and review of fatal occupational asthma literature. AN - 71899086; 12111690 AB - Work-related asthma (WRA) is the most common work-associated respiratory disease in developed countries. We report shark cartilage dust as a new potential cause of occupational asthma (OA) in the context of other fatal OA case reports. A 38-year-old white male worked for 8 years in a facility which primarily granulated and powdered various plastics. Sixteen months prior to his death, the plant began grinding shark cartilage. After 10 months of exposure, he reported chest symptoms at work in association with exposure to shark cartilage dust and a physician diagnosed asthma. Six months later, he complained of shortness of breath at work and died from autopsy-confirmed asthma. The latency from onset of exposure to symptoms and from symptom onset to death was shorter than 10 previously reported OA fatalities. Recognition of occupational causes and triggers of asthma and removal of affected individuals from these exposures is critical and can prevent progression to irreversible or even fatal asthma. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Ortega, Hector G AU - Kreiss, Kathleen AU - Schill, Donald P AU - Weissman, David N AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HELD/ASB/Mailstop L-4218, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 50 EP - 54 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Fatal Outcome KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Sharks KW - Asthma -- etiology KW - Cartilage KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Dust -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71899086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Fatal+asthma+from+powdering+shark+cartilage+and+review+of+fatal+occupational+asthma+literature.&rft.au=Ortega%2C+Hector+G%3BKreiss%2C+Kathleen%3BSchill%2C+Donald+P%3BWeissman%2C+David+N&rft.aulast=Ortega&rft.aufirst=Hector&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An alternate characterization of hazard in occupational epidemiology: years of life lost per years worked. AN - 71899054; 12111685 AB - Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and other measures of relative risk by themselves may not suffice as descriptors of occupational hazards for many audiences including decision-makers and those at direct risk from hazardous work. To explore other approaches, we calculated excess years of potential life lost and excess lifetime risk for both lung diseases and fatal injuries in a cohort of uranium miners with historical records of exposure to radon gas. We used relatively simple life table (SMR) methods and also analyzed lung cancer mortality with Poisson regression methods permitting control for smoking. Among uranium miners hired after 1950, whose all-cause SMR was 1.5, 28 percent would experience premature death from lung diseases or injury in a lifetime of uranium mining. On average, each miner lost 1.5 yr of potential life due to mining-related lung cancer, or almost 3 months of life for each year employed in uranium mining. As a consequence of all excess lung disease and injury risks combined, a year of mining was associated with 5.9 months loss of potential life. For each year actually working underground, miners lost more than 8 months of potential life. When controlled for smoking (and healthy worker effect) with Poisson regression, the estimates for radon-related lung cancer effects were slightly larger. Although chronic disease deaths dominated in excess years of life lost (due to radon, silica and possibly other exposures), more years were lost on average per individual injury death (38 yr), than per excess lung cancer (20 yr) or other lung disease death (18 yr). Fatal-injury dominated the potential years of life lost up to about age 40. Years of life lost per years employed provides another, more intuitive summary of occupational mortality risk. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Park, Robert M AU - Bailer, A John AU - Stayner, Leslie T AU - Halperin, William AU - Gilbert, Stephen J AD - Risk Evaluation Branch, Education and Information Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. rhp9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 1 EP - 10 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Uranium KW - 4OC371KSTK KW - Radon KW - Q74S4N8N1G KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Poisson Distribution KW - Risk KW - Life Tables KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Time Factors KW - Accidents, Occupational KW - Colorado -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Quality-Adjusted Life Years KW - Lung Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Life Expectancy KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Mining KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71899054?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=An+alternate+characterization+of+hazard+in+occupational+epidemiology%3A+years+of+life+lost+per+years+worked.&rft.au=Park%2C+Robert+M%3BBailer%2C+A+John%3BStayner%2C+Leslie+T%3BHalperin%2C+William%3BGilbert%2C+Stephen+J&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alterations in membrane-bound and cytoplasmic K-ras protein levels in mouse lung induced by treatment with lovastatin, cholestyramine, or niacin: effects are highly mouse strain dependent. AN - 71895006; 12106604 AB - Agents that either increase (cholestyramine, CS) or decrease (lovastatin, Lov) de novo peripheral cholesterol synthesis may increase (CS) or decrease (Lov) ras protein membrane localization by altering protein prenylation, and potentially have pro- or anti-carcinogenic effects. Male A/J, Swiss, and C57/BL6 mice were treated with 2 or 4% CS, 1% dietary niacin, or 25mg/kg of Lov three times per week (Lov-3X) or five times per week (Lov-5X). After 3 weeks, serum cholesterol and triglycerides were determined enzymatically. Membrane and cytoplasmic K-ras proteins in lung were determined by immunoprecipitation followed by western blotting with a K-ras specific antibody. Results confirmed the hypothesis only in isolated instances. A/J mice had a significant 30% increase in cytoplasmic K-ras and a 40% decrease in membrane K-ras from Lov treatment, as predicted. C57/BL6 mice had a significant 77% increase in membrane K-ras, as expected from CS feeding. At variance with the hypothesis, Swiss mice had increased levels (3-28%) of membrane K-ras with all treatments (including Lov), and C57/BL6 mice treated with Lov had a 58-78% increase in cytoplasmic K-ras without any reduction in the levels of membrane K-ras. Niacin, predicted to have no effect on ras membrane localization, decreased cytoplasmic K-ras in A/J mice, increased both membrane and cytoplasmic K-ras in Swiss mice, and had no effect in C57/BL6 mice. Results may have differed from those predicted because of strain-dependent differences in response to the cholesterol-lowering agents. A difference in response among the mouse strains suggests that individual genetic differences may alter the effect of hypocholesterolemic agents on K-ras membrane localization, and potentially the risk of ras-dependent cancer. JF - Biochemical pharmacology AU - Calvert, Richard J AU - Ramakrishna, Gayatri AU - Tepper, Shirley AU - Diwan, Bhalchandra A AU - Anderson, Lucy M AU - Kritchevsky, David AD - Division of Research and Applied Technology, Office of Nutritional Products, Labeling and Dietary Supplements, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA. calvert@mail.ncifcrf.gov Y1 - 2002/07/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 01 SP - 41 EP - 48 VL - 64 IS - 1 SN - 0006-2952, 0006-2952 KW - Hypolipidemic Agents KW - 0 KW - Triglycerides KW - Cholestyramine Resin KW - 11041-12-6 KW - Niacin KW - 2679MF687A KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Lovastatin KW - 9LHU78OQFD KW - Index Medicus KW - Triglycerides -- blood KW - Animals KW - Cell Membrane -- drug effects KW - Lovastatin -- pharmacology KW - Mice KW - Cytoplasm -- drug effects KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Niacin -- pharmacology KW - Cytoplasm -- metabolism KW - Cholestyramine Resin -- pharmacology KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Cell Membrane -- metabolism KW - Genes, ras -- physiology KW - Hypolipidemic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Lung -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71895006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Alterations+in+membrane-bound+and+cytoplasmic+K-ras+protein+levels+in+mouse+lung+induced+by+treatment+with+lovastatin%2C+cholestyramine%2C+or+niacin%3A+effects+are+highly+mouse+strain+dependent.&rft.au=Calvert%2C+Richard+J%3BRamakrishna%2C+Gayatri%3BTepper%2C+Shirley%3BDiwan%2C+Bhalchandra+A%3BAnderson%2C+Lucy+M%3BKritchevsky%2C+David&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00062952&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational burns from oxygen resuscitator fires: the hazard of aluminum regulators. AN - 71894547; 12111692 AB - There have been over 30 incidents of oxygen resuscitator fires over the last 6 years, causing severe burns to a number of fire fighters, emergency medical service personnel, health care workers, and patients. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) was requested to investigate three such incidents. NIOSH conducted site investigations of the incidents, and the requesters also sent the involved oxygen resuscitators to a forensic engineering company for a causal analysis. The investigated fires were associated with aluminum regulators, all from one manufacturer, on compressed pure oxygen cylinders. The investigations indicated that the cause of the fires was an initial small ignition in the high-pressure area of the aluminum regulator, which then consumed itself in a massive burnout. Aluminum regulators used with high-pressure oxygen systems are subject to rare, but potentially catastrophic combustion in normal use. Replacement of such regulators with those made of more fire-resistant materials or designs, as well as education and improved safety practices are needed to reduce this hazard. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Hodous, Thomas K AU - Washenitz, Frank AU - Newton, Barry AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. thh1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 63 EP - 69 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Aluminum KW - CPD4NFA903 KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Accidents, Occupational KW - Aluminum -- adverse effects KW - Fires KW - Hyperbaric Oxygenation -- instrumentation KW - Resuscitation -- instrumentation KW - Equipment Design -- adverse effects KW - Oxygen -- administration & dosage KW - Positive-Pressure Respiration -- instrumentation KW - Burns -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71894547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Occupational+burns+from+oxygen+resuscitator+fires%3A+the+hazard+of+aluminum+regulators.&rft.au=Hodous%2C+Thomas+K%3BWashenitz%2C+Frank%3BNewton%2C+Barry&rft.aulast=Hodous&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Educational issues in clinical pharmacology: who are our audiences and what are their specialized needs? One specialized need: "understanding the role of veterinary medicine in public health". AN - 71865071; 12092739 AB - When considering educational issues and the need to update the curriculum for clinical pharmacologists for the new millennium, a number of questions must be raised. Who are our audiences? What are the specialized needs? This educational article identifies the audience, which includes those with diverse degrees such as MDs, PhDs, PharmDs, RNs, DVMs, and other non-MD prescribers working in academia, industry, clinical research organizations, and government in multifaceted disciplines requiring a knowledge base of physiology, pharmacology, biochemistry, anatomy, microbiology, pathology, medicine, and the drug development process of preclinical and clinical studies complete with protocols, pharmacokinetics, and statistics. One specialized current educational issue for clinical pharmacologists to understand is the impact of animal therapeutic and subtherapeutic use of antimicrobials on antibiotic use in human medicine. JF - Journal of clinical pharmacology AU - Lathers, Claire M AD - Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20855, USA. Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 718 EP - 730 VL - 42 IS - 7 SN - 0091-2700, 0091-2700 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Veterinary Drugs KW - Ceftriaxone KW - 75J73V1629 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Models, Educational KW - Animals KW - Animal Diseases -- drug therapy KW - Drug Resistance, Bacterial KW - Humans KW - Education, Pharmacy KW - Forecasting KW - Public Policy KW - Salmonella Infections -- drug therapy KW - Ceftriaxone -- therapeutic use KW - Risk Assessment -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Veterinary Drugs -- adverse effects KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Pharmacology, Clinical -- education KW - Public Health KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- adverse effects KW - Veterinary Drugs -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71865071?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Educational+issues+in+clinical+pharmacology%3A+who+are+our+audiences+and+what+are+their+specialized+needs%3F+One+specialized+need%3A+%22understanding+the+role+of+veterinary+medicine+in+public+health%22.&rft.au=Lathers%2C+Claire+M&rft.aulast=Lathers&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=718&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00912700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of silica exposure from hand tools in construction: grinding concrete. AN - 71857784; 12083163 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Echt, Alan AU - Sieber, William K AD - Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch, NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 457 EP - 461 VL - 17 IS - 7 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health KW - Ventilation -- methods KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Facility Design and Construction KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Protective Devices KW - Silicosis -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Silicon Dioxide -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71857784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Control+of+silica+exposure+from+hand+tools+in+construction%3A+grinding+concrete.&rft.au=Echt%2C+Alan%3BSieber%2C+William+K&rft.aulast=Echt&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ontogeny of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor system and susceptibility to neurotoxicity. AN - 71836449; 12075105 AB - The NMDA receptor has been widely investigated in recent years as a target for the pharmacological management of seizures, pain and a variety of neurological disorders. Its role in normal central nervous system (CNS) activity and development, as well as in the development of CNS abnormalities and neurodegeneration has also been of interest. The NMDA receptor is one of three pharmacologically distinct subtypes of ionotropic receptor channels that are sensitive to the endogenous excitatory amino acid, L-glutamate. The ontogeny of the NMDA receptor, a multiple tetrameric and heteromeric channel complex with at least six known subunits, is controlled by three gene families and varies in developmental profile with species and regional brain area. NMDA receptors play a role in excitatory synaptic transmission, in the activity-dependent synaptic plasticity underlying learning and memory, and in pre- and postnatal CNS development, including brain cell differentiation, axonal growth and degeneration of unused neurons. The results of recent studies suggest that sustained alteration of NMDA receptor activation during critical periods of development may have deleterious effects on normal CNS development and function. Neonatal rats administered the NMDA receptor antagonists 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (AP5) and MK-801 during the first two weeks of life develop abnormal axonal arborization in the retinal connections to the superior colliculus, interfering with normal visual responses. Results from monkey studies suggest that chronic developmental exposure to high doses of a NMDA antagonist, remacemide, has pronounced and long-lasting effects on learning. Recent findings indicate that if NMDA receptors are blocked during a specific period in neonatal life (first two weeks postnatally in the rat), massive apoptotic neurodegeneration results, due not to excitotoxic overstimulation of neurons but to deprivation of stimulation. These observations require further laboratory evidence and support in order to establish their relevance to drug-induced human neurodevelopmental concerns. It is necessary to investigate the relevance of these findings in other animal species in addition to the rat, most notably, nonhuman primates, where neuronal cytoarchitecture and development are significantly different than the rodent but more like the human. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Haberny, Kathleen A AU - Paule, Merle G AU - Scallet, Andrew C AU - Sistare, Frank D AU - Lester, David S AU - Hanig, Joseph P AU - Slikker, William AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 9 EP - 17 VL - 68 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Acetamides KW - 0 KW - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate KW - Dizocilpine Maleate KW - 6LR8C1B66Q KW - 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate KW - 76726-92-6 KW - remacemide KW - EH6763C1IC KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists -- toxicity KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Acetamides -- toxicity KW - 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate -- toxicity KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Dizocilpine Maleate -- toxicity KW - Central Nervous System -- embryology KW - Central Nervous System -- growth & development KW - Neurotoxicity Syndromes -- etiology KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Central Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Neurotoxicity Syndromes -- embryology KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71836449?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Ontogeny+of+the+N-methyl-D-aspartate+%28NMDA%29+receptor+system+and+susceptibility+to+neurotoxicity.&rft.au=Haberny%2C+Kathleen+A%3BPaule%2C+Merle+G%3BScallet%2C+Andrew+C%3BSistare%2C+Frank+D%3BLester%2C+David+S%3BHanig%2C+Joseph+P%3BSlikker%2C+William&rft.aulast=Haberny&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced oxidative stress in the skin of vitamin E deficient mice exposed to semisynthetic metal working fluids. AN - 71818253; 12062937 AB - Metal working fluids (MWFs) are widely used in industry for metal cutting, drilling, shaping, lubricating, and milling. Many occupational health concerns have arisen for workers exposed to MWFs. It has been reported earlier that occupational exposure to MWFs causes allergic and irritant contact dermatitis. Previously, we have shown that dermal exposure of female and male B6C3F1 mice to 5% MWFs for 3 months resulted in accumulation of mast cells and elevation of histamine in the skin. Topical exposure to MWFs also resulted in elevated oxidative stress in the liver of both sexes and the testes in males. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether preexisting oxidative stress in the skin exacerbated mast cell influx after MWFs treatment. Oxidative stress in the skin of B6C3F1 mice was generated by dietary vitamin E deprivation. Mice were given vitamin E deficient (5-10 i.v./kg of vitamin E) or basal (50 i.v./kg of vitamin E) diets for 34 weeks. Topical treatment with MWFs (100 microl, 30%) started after 18 weeks of alimentary vitamin E deprivation. Histology of the skin after 16 weeks of exposure to MWFs revealed a 53% increase in mast cell accumulation in vitamin E deficient diets compared to mice given a vitamin E sufficient diet. Total antioxidant reserve in skin of vitamin E deprived mice treated with MWFs was decreased by 66% as compared to those mice given a vitamin E sufficient diet. GSH and protein thiols in the dermis of vitamin E deprived mice exposed to MWFs were also decreased 39 and 42%, respectively, as compared to mice given basal diet. This study clearly delineates the role of oxidative stress in enhancing mast cell accumulation caused by topical exposure to MWFs. JF - Toxicology AU - Shvedova, Anna A AU - Kisin, Elena AU - Murray, Ashley AU - Smith, Charlotte AU - Castranova, Vincent AU - Kommineni, Choudari AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Mail Stop 2015, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2002/07/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 01 SP - 135 EP - 143 VL - 176 IS - 1-2 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Proteins KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - alpha-Tocopherol KW - H4N855PNZ1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds -- metabolism KW - Cell Count KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Proteins -- metabolism KW - Mast Cells -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred A KW - Antioxidants -- metabolism KW - Mast Cells -- pathology KW - Mast Cells -- metabolism KW - Diet KW - alpha-Tocopherol -- metabolism KW - Administration, Topical KW - Male KW - Industrial Oils -- toxicity KW - Skin -- drug effects KW - Skin -- metabolism KW - Skin Diseases -- metabolism KW - Skin -- pathology KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects KW - Vitamin E Deficiency -- metabolism KW - Skin Diseases -- pathology KW - Skin Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71818253?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Enhanced+oxidative+stress+in+the+skin+of+vitamin+E+deficient+mice+exposed+to+semisynthetic+metal+working+fluids.&rft.au=Shvedova%2C+Anna+A%3BKisin%2C+Elena%3BMurray%2C+Ashley%3BSmith%2C+Charlotte%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent%3BKommineni%2C+Choudari&rft.aulast=Shvedova&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=176&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational health in Mexico. AN - 71720330; 12028953 AB - The authors discuss the maquiladoras and child labor, and offer an overview of the history of occupational safety and health in Mexico that covers laws and regulations, social security, unions, and enforcement of legislation. The organization and structure of the various institutions responsible for occupational safety and health (OSH), as well as administrative procedures, are described. This article concludes with a list of the new challenges for OSH in Mexico. JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Carreón, Tania AU - Santos-Burgoa, Carlos AU - Baron, Sherry AU - Hernández, Sendy AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Mailstop R-16, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. PY - 2002 SP - 437 EP - 53, iv VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Index Medicus KW - Mexico KW - History, 20th Century KW - Environmental Health KW - Humans KW - Labor Unions -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Industry -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Social Security KW - Occupational Health -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Occupational Health -- history UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71720330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=Occupational+health+in+Mexico.&rft.au=Carre%C3%B3n%2C+Tania%3BSantos-Burgoa%2C+Carlos%3BBaron%2C+Sherry%3BHern%C3%A1ndez%2C+Sendy&rft.aulast=Carre%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Tania&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=437&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2007-12-13 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Substance Dependence, Abuse and Treatment: Findings from the 2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. AN - 62223133; ED467829 AB - This report provides the first information on substance dependence, abuse, and treatment obtained from the 2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA). Several important changes to the NHSDA in 1999 and 2000 affected the estimates of drug use, as well as the estimates for dependence, abuse, and needing and receiving treatment. Following the introduction, the report is organized as follows. Chapter 2 offers estimates of the prevalence and patterns of substance dependence and abuse in the nation. Chapter 3 provides estimates of the prevalence and patterns of the receipt of treatment for problems related to substance use. Chapter 4 discusses the need for and receipt of treatment specifically for problems associated with illicit drug use. Appendix A describes the survey in more detail discussing the sample design, the methodology, and the data processing. Appendix B provides information on the statistical methods and limitations of the data. Appendix C discusses the measurement of dependence, abuse, treatment, and treatment need and describes the changes to these measures in 2000. Appendix D describes other sources of data on substance abuse, dependence, and/or treatment for a substance abuse problem. Appendix F provides tables with estimates of dependence, abuse, treatment, and treatment need. (Contains 25 references, 75 tables, and 14 figures.) (GCP) AU - Epstein, Joan F. Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 230 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD, 20847-2345. Tel: 800-729-6686 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-487-4889 (TDD) (Toll Free); Web site: http://www.DrugAbuseStatistics.SAMHSA.gov. KW - National Household Survey on Drug Abuse KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Substance Abuse KW - Drug Addiction KW - Incidence KW - Data Collection KW - National Surveys KW - Tables (Data) KW - Illegal Drug Use KW - Drug Rehabilitation KW - Trend Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62223133?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - National and State Estimates of the Drug Abuse Treatment Gap: 2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. AN - 62223101; ED467830 AB - This report presents information from the 2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) on the number and percentage of the population in the nation and in each state who need but did not receive treatment for an illicit drug use problem, referred to as the treatment gap. Following the introduction, chapter 2 presents national estimates of the need for treatment and the treatment gap. Overall treatment need and treatment gap estimates are discussed first, followed by discussion of treatment need estimates arranged by age, gender, race/ethnicity, geographic area, education, and employment. Chapter 3 focuses on state treatment gap estimates and includes a summary of the methodology used to calculate these estimates followed by the results and discussion. Two appendices also are included. Appendix A provides information on the measurement of dependence, abuse, treatment, and treatment need, and Appendix B provides technical details on the state estimation methodology. (Contains 10 references and 22 tables.) (GCP) Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 104 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD, 20847-2345. Tel: 800-729-6686 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-487-4889 (TDD) (Toll Free); Web site: http://www.DrugAbuseStatistics.SAMHSA.gov. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Substance Abuse KW - Drug Addiction KW - Incidence KW - Data Collection KW - National Surveys KW - Tables (Data) KW - Illegal Drug Use KW - Drug Rehabilitation KW - Trend Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62223101?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Projected Supply, Demand, and Shortages of Registered Nurses, 2000-2020. AN - 62221872; ED468472 AB - The supply, demand, and shortages of registered nurses (RNs) were projected and analyzed for 2000-2020. According to the analysis, the national supply of full-time-equivalent registered nurses in 2000 was estimated at 1.89 million versus an estimated demand of 2 million, leaving a shortage of 110,000 (6%). The shortage is expected to grow relatively slowly until 2010, when it will have reached 12%. Demand will then begin to exceed supply at an accelerated rate, with the shortage reaching 20% by 2015. If the problem is not addressed and if current trends continue, the shortage is projected to increase to 29% by 2020. Factors driving the growth in demand for RNs include an 18% increase in population, a larger proportion of elderly persons, and medical advances that increase the need for nurses. The projected growth in supply is expected to reach a peak of only 10% by 2011 and then begin to decline as the number of RNs leaving the profession exceeds the number entering it because of the aging of the RN workforce and projected declines in RNs' relative earnings. Seven tables detailing national and state supply, demand, and shortage projections and discussions of the Nursing Demand Model and Nursing Supply Model are appended. (Contains 11 charts/maps.) (MN) Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 24 KW - Nursing Shortage KW - Population Aging KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Influences KW - Two Year Colleges KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Employment Projections KW - Research Methodology KW - Nurses KW - Employment Opportunities KW - Educational Needs KW - Models KW - Labor Needs KW - Health Services KW - Health Needs KW - Nursing Education KW - Labor Supply KW - Labor Market KW - Employment Patterns KW - Universities KW - Population Trends KW - Tables (Data) KW - Demand Occupations KW - Trend Analysis KW - Futures (of Society) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62221872?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Color graphs and charts may not reproduce clearly. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - One Department Serving Rural America: HHS Rural Task Force Report to the Secretary. AN - 62220952; ED469138 AB - In 2001, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) created a rural task force to develop strategies to improve HHS services in rural communities. Fifteen HHS agencies have programs serving rural communities; child- and education-related programs provide child welfare services, Head Start, health promotion and prevention services, training for rural health care providers, and prevention and rehabilitation services for substance abuse and mental illness. More than 450 individuals and organizations submitted comments in response to a notice in the Federal Register. Three findings emerged: HHS lacks a common definition of "rural"; lack of coordination has resulted in inconsistent application, implementation, and evaluation requirements in the more than 225 HHS programs serving rural communities; and the HHS policy development process does not consistently consider rural concerns. Task force recommendations include creating a formal structure within HHS for coordinating rural policy initiatives among HHS agencies as well as with external partners; creating an interagency workgroup to follow up on proposed strategies; ensuring that HHS processes include a specific focus on serving rural America; and developing a common methodology for determining HHS investment in specific communities and populations. The task force set five goals to improve provision of health care and human services in rural areas: 1) improve rural communities' access to quality health and human services; 2) strengthen rural families; 3) strengthen rural communities and support economic development; 4) partner with state, local, and tribal governments to support rural communities; and 5) support rural policy and decision making, and ensure rural voice in the consultative process. (Contains 41 notes.) (TD) Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 39 KW - Access to Services KW - Department of Health and Human Services KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Coordination KW - Federal Government KW - Public Policy KW - Geographic Isolation KW - Rural Areas KW - Human Services KW - Health Services KW - Public Health KW - Public Agencies KW - Federal Programs KW - Agency Cooperation KW - Access to Health Care UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62220952?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Utilization of mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by bacteria isolated from contaminated sediment AN - 52071348; 2002-060655 JF - FEMS Microbiology. Ecology AU - Dean-Ross, Deborah AU - Moody, Joanna AU - Cerniglia, C E Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Elsevier Science on behalf of the Federation of European Microbiological Societies, Amsterdam VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0168-6496, 0168-6496 KW - United States KW - metabolites KW - fluoranthene KW - stream sediments KW - gas chromatograms KW - remediation KW - Rhodococcus KW - pyrene KW - phenanthrene KW - quantitative analysis KW - mixing KW - Indiana KW - sediments KW - Mycobacterium flavescens KW - biodegradation KW - northern Indiana KW - metabolism KW - biochemistry KW - anthracene KW - pollution KW - bioremediation KW - cometabolism KW - organic compounds KW - bacteria KW - hydrocarbons KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Grand Calument River KW - fluvial environment KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52071348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology.+Ecology&rft.atitle=Utilization+of+mixtures+of+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons+by+bacteria+isolated+from+contaminated+sediment&rft.au=Dean-Ross%2C+Deborah%3BMoody%2C+Joanna%3BCerniglia%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Dean-Ross&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology.+Ecology&rft.issn=01686496&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.fems-microbiology.org http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01686496 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 36 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - anthracene; aromatic hydrocarbons; bacteria; biochemistry; biodegradation; bioremediation; cometabolism; fluoranthene; fluvial environment; gas chromatograms; Grand Calument River; hydrocarbons; Indiana; metabolism; metabolites; mixing; Mycobacterium flavescens; northern Indiana; organic compounds; phenanthrene; pollution; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; pyrene; quantitative analysis; remediation; Rhodococcus; sediments; stream sediments; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Advanced Science Education in the Regulatory Arena: The Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Experience at the Food and Drug Administration AN - 21264401; 11643935 AB - A challenge faced by the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) in effectively carrying out its mission requires it to integrate the disciplines of science, medicine, law, and public policy. One way to do that is by ensuring a highly trained multidisciplinary staff. The CDER has been able to meet this requirement by identifying the core competencies needed to accomplish its mission. The use of a competencybased training model in the planning, development, and delivery of its advanced scientific education program allows CDER staff to maintain current knowledge as well as prepare for future scientific education needs. The CDER educational model could be readily adapted to meet the educational needs of other organizations. JF - Journal of Clinical Pharmacology AU - Ajayi, Funmilayo O AU - Wilcox, Dale F AU - Uhl, Kathleen AU - Quinn, John AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland; Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacokinetics Department, Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, OH 45040 Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 711 EP - 717 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 42 IS - 7 SN - 0091-2700, 0091-2700 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Education KW - Legal aspects KW - public policy KW - FDA KW - Drugs KW - Research programs KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21264401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Advanced+Science+Education+in+the+Regulatory+Arena%3A+The+Center+for+Drug+Evaluation+and+Research+Experience+at+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.au=Ajayi%2C+Funmilayo+O%3BWilcox%2C+Dale+F%3BUhl%2C+Kathleen%3BQuinn%2C+John&rft.aulast=Ajayi&rft.aufirst=Funmilayo&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=711&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Pharmacology&rft.issn=00912700&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F009127000204200702 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Education; Legal aspects; public policy; FDA; Drugs; Research programs DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009127000204200702 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Testing for Treatment Effects on Subsets of Endpoints AN - 21075213; 11132247 AB - Multiple endpoints are tested to assess an overall treatment effect and also to identify which endpoints or subsets of endpoints contributed to treatment differences. The conventional p-value adjustment methods, such as single-step, step-up, or step-down procedures, sequentially identify each significant individual endpoint. Closed test procedures can also detect individual endpoints that have effects via a step-by-step closed strategy. This paper proposes a global-based statistic for testing an a priori number, say, r of the k endpoints, as opposed to the conventional approach of testing one (r = 1) endpoint. The proposed test statistic is an extension of the single-step p-value-based statistic based on the distribution of the smallest p-value. The test maintains strong control of the FamilyWise Error (FWE) rate under the null hypothesis of no difference in any (sub)set of r endpoints among all possible combinations of the k endpoints. After rejecting the null hypothesis, the individual endpoints in the sets that are rejected can be tested further, using a univariate test statistic in a second step, if desired. However, the second step test only weakly controls the FWE. The proposed method is illustrated by application to a psychosis data set. JF - Biometrical Journal AU - Chen, James J AU - Wang, Sue-Jane AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas U.S.A., jchen@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 541 EP - 557 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 44 IS - 5 SN - 0323-3847, 0323-3847 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Data processing KW - Psychosis KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21075213?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biometrical+Journal&rft.atitle=Testing+for+Treatment+Effects+on+Subsets+of+Endpoints&rft.au=Chen%2C+James+J%3BWang%2C+Sue-Jane&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=541&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biometrical+Journal&rft.issn=03233847&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F1521-4036%28200207%2944%3A53.0.CO%3B2-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Psychosis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4036(200207)44:5<541::AID-BIMJ541>3.0.CO;2-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pathogenic and Fecal Escherichia coli Strains from Turkeys in a Commercial Operation AN - 20137436; 5655802 AB - The biochemical phenotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of 105 clinical Escherichia coli isolates from flocks with colibacillosis in a turkey operation were compared with 1104 fecal E. coli isolates from 20 flocks in that operation. Clinical isolates and 194 fecal isolates with biochemical phenotypes or minimum inhibitory concentrations for gentamicin and sulfamethoxazole similar to clinical isolates were tested for somatic antigens and the potential virulence genes hylE, iss, tsh, and K1. The predominant biochemical phenotype of clinical isolates contained 21 isolates including 14 isolates belonging to serogroup O78 with barely detectable beta -d-glucuronidase activity. Thirty-five fecal isolates had biochemical phenotypes matching common phenotypes of clinical isolates. Sixty-six (63%) clinical isolates exhibited intermediate susceptibility or resistance to gentamicin and sulfamethoxazole compared with 265 (24%) fecal isolates (P < 0.001). Seventy-seven clinical isolates reacted with O-antisera, of which 51 (66%) belonged to the following serogroups: O1, O2, O8, O25, O78, O114, and O119. In comparison, 8 of 35 (23%) fecal isolates subtyped on the basis of biochemical phenotype belonged to these serogroups and four of 167 (2%) fecal isolates subtyped on the basis of their antimicrobial resistance patterns belonged to these serogroups. Iss, K1, and tsh genes were detected more often among clinical isolates than these fecal isolates (P < 0.05). In summary, a small subgroup of E. coli strains caused most colibacillosis infections in this operation. These strains existed at low concentration in normal fecal flora of healthy turkeys in intensively raised flocks. The data suggest that colibacillosis in turkey operations may be due to endogenous infections caused by specialized pathogens.Original Abstract: Cepas de Escherichia coli patogenas y de origen fecal obtenidas de pavos en explotaciones comerciales. capital sigma e compararon los fenotipos bioquimicos y los patrones de susceptibilidad de 105 aislamientos clinicos de Escherichia coli obtenidas de parvadas de pavos que presentaron colibacilosis en una empresa comercial, con 1104 muestras fecales de E. coli provenientes de 20 parvadas de la misma explotacion. Se analizaron los antigenos somaticos y los genes de virulencia potencial hylE, iss, tsh y K1 de los aislamientos clinicos y de 194 muestras fecales que presentaron fenotipos bioquimicos y concentraciones minimas inhibitorias para gentamicina y sulfametoxasol similares a los observados en los aislamientos clinicos. El fenotipo bioquimico predominante de aislamientos clinicos integro a 21 aislamientos, de los cuales se incluye a 14 aislamientos pertenecientes al serotipo O78 con una actividad apenas detectable de la beta-d-glucoronidasa. Treinta y cinco aislamientos fecales presentaron fenotipos bioquimicos que coincidieron con los fenotipos comunes de los aislamientos clinicos. Sesenta y seis aislamientos clinicos (63%) mostraron una susceptibilidad intermedia o resultaron resistentes a la gentamicina y sulfametoxazol en comparacion con 265 aislamientos fecales (24%) (P < 0.001). Setenta y siete aislamientos clinicos reaccionaron con antisuero O de los cuales 51 (66%) perteneceron a los serogrupos O1, O2, O8, O25, O78, O114 y O119. Por su parte, 8 (23%) aislamientos fecales de un total de 35 que fueron subtipificados con base a su fenotipo bioquimico y cuatro (2%) aislamientos fecales de 167 que fueron subtipificados de acuerdo a su resistencia antimicrobiana, pertenecieron a estos serogrupos. Los genes Iss, K1 y tsh fueron detectados mas frecuentemente entre los aislamientos clinicos en comparacion con los aislamientos fecales (P < 0.05). En conclusion, un pequeno subgrupo de cepas de E. coli causo la mayoria de las infecciones de colibacilosis en esta empresa. Estas cepas se encontraban en baja concentracion en la flora fecal de pavos sanos en parvadas criadas de manera intensiva. Los datos sugieren que la colibacilosis en explotaciones de pavos puede ser debida a infecciones endogenas causadas por patogenos especializados. double prime bbreviations: hlyE = hemolysin gene; iss = increased serum survival gene; K1 = K1-capsular antigen gene; MIC = minimum inhibitory concentration; MUG = 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-d-glucuronide; NARMS = National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System; tsh = temperature sensitive hemagglutination gene JF - Avian Diseases AU - Altekruse, S F AU - Elvinger, F AU - DebRoy, C AU - Pierson, F W AU - Eifert, J D AU - Sriranganathan, N AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, 7500 Standish Place, (HFV-250) Rockville, MD 20895 Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 562 EP - 569 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Clinical isolates KW - Data processing KW - Sulfamethoxazole KW - Drug resistance KW - Colibacillosis KW - Pathogens KW - Infection KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Gentamicin KW - Virulence KW - Escherichia coli KW - Hyles KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases KW - A 01340:Antibiotics & Antimicrobials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20137436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Pathogenic+and+Fecal+Escherichia+coli+Strains+from+Turkeys+in+a+Commercial+Operation&rft.au=Altekruse%2C+S+F%3BElvinger%2C+F%3BDebRoy%2C+C%3BPierson%2C+F+W%3BEifert%2C+J+D%3BSriranganathan%2C+N&rft.aulast=Altekruse&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=562&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282002%29046%280562%3APAFECS%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Virulence; Gentamicin; Clinical isolates; Data processing; Sulfamethoxazole; Drug resistance; Pathogens; Colibacillosis; Infection; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Antimicrobial agents; Escherichia coli; Hyles DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2002)046(0562:PAFECS)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Nitro Orientation on Ras-Protooncogene Mutation in Liver Tumors from 7-Nitrodibenz[a,h]anthracene-Treated Mice AN - 19647510; 7394778 AB - Dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DB[a,h]A) and 7- nitrodibenz[a,h]anthracene (7-NDB[a,h]A) induced liver tumors when administered to neonatal B6C3F sub(1) mice. For protooncogene analysis, RNA was isolated from each of the liver tumors from treated mice and reverse-transcribed into cDNA. Portions of the K- and H-ras protein coding sequences were then amplified and analyzed for DNA sequence alterations. DB[a,h]A-induced liver tumors had a 100% (23/23) frequency of ras-protooncogene mutation, with 83% (19/23) occurring at the first base of K-ras codon 13 and resulting in GGC rarr CGC transversion; the remaining 17% (4/23) of the mutations were located at the second base of H-ras codon 61. In contrast, only four of nine (44%) of 7-NDB[a,h]A-induced liver tumors had ras- protooncogene mutations, with two each at K-ras codon 13 and H-ras codon 61. Combined with previous observations, the results indicate that the nitro substituent perpendicular to the aromatic moiety alters the chemical-induced protooncogene activation frequency and mutational pattern in liver tumors of B6C3F sub(1) mice. JF - Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds AU - Fu, P P AU - von Tungeln L.S. AU - Xia, Q AU - D-J, Zhan AU - Heflich, R H AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 853 EP - 859 PB - Taylor & Francis Ltd., 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE UK, [mailto:info@tandf.co.uk], [URL:http://www.tandf.co.uk] VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 1040-6638, 1040-6638 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - dibenz[a,h]anthracene KW - K-ras oncogene KW - liver tumors KW - neonatal mouse KW - 7-nitrodibenz[a,h]anthracene KW - nitro orientation KW - H-Ras protein KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Tumors KW - Transversion KW - K-Ras protein KW - Aromatic compounds KW - RNA KW - Liver KW - Codons KW - Neonates KW - Mutation KW - Aromatics KW - X 24300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19647510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Polycyclic+Aromatic+Compounds&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Nitro+Orientation+on+Ras-Protooncogene+Mutation+in+Liver+Tumors+from+7-Nitrodibenz%5Ba%2Ch%5Danthracene-Treated+Mice&rft.au=Fu%2C+P+P%3Bvon+Tungeln+L.S.%3BXia%2C+Q%3BD-J%2C+Zhan%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Fu&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=853&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Polycyclic+Aromatic+Compounds&rft.issn=10406638&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - K-Ras protein; Aromatic compounds; RNA; Nucleotide sequence; H-Ras protein; Codons; Liver; Neonates; Tumors; Mutation; Transversion; Aromatics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Performance of Deterministic Workplace Exposure Assessment Models for Various Contaminant Source, Air Inlet, and Exhaust Locations AN - 18705568; 5599516 AB - Contaminant concentration estimates from simple models were compared with concentration fields obtained by computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations for various room and source configurations under steady-state conditions. Airflow and contaminant distributions in a 10 x 3 x 7-m room with a single contaminant source on a 1-m high table were simulated using CFD for steady, isothermal conditions. For a high wall jet inlet, simulations were performed for nine room air exhaust locations and eight source locations. For a ceiling diffuser inlet the impact of two exhaust locations and eight source locations were investigated. Because CFD treats determinants of contaminant transport explicitly and agreed well with experimental results, it was used as the standard for comparison. Parameters of the one- and two-zone completely mixed models (CM-1 and CM-2) and the uniform turbulent diffusivity model (UD) were determined from CFD simulation results. Concentration estimates from these were compared with CFD results in the breathing zone (BZ) plane (1.5 m above the floor) for the entire BZ, the source "near field," and the source "far field." In the near field the mean percentage difference between the model concentration estimates and the CFD results for all room configurations were -21.9, 32.3, and 126% for the CM-1, CM-2, and UD models, respectively, with standard deviations of 26.8, 111, and 103%. In the far field the mean percentage difference between the model estimates and CFD results were -4.8, -2.3, and -36.3%. The CM-1 model had generally the best performance for applications such as occupational epidemiology for the conditions and configurations studied. However, CM-1 tended to underestimate the near field concentration; thus, CM-2 was judged to be better in the near field when underestimation is undesirable, such as when determining compliance with occupational exposure limits. The agreement of CM-2 estimates with CFD results in the near field was more variable than that of the CM-1. The UD model performed poorly on average in both near and far fields, and the difficulty in accurately estimating the turbulent diffusivity presents a significant impediment to UD model use for exposure estimation. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Feigley, CE AU - Bennett, J S AU - Lee, E AU - Khan, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, NIOSH MS-R5, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 402 EP - 412 VL - 63 IS - 4 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - man KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18705568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Performance+of+Deterministic+Workplace+Exposure+Assessment+Models+for+Various+Contaminant+Source%2C+Air+Inlet%2C+and+Exhaust+Locations&rft.au=Feigley%2C+CE%3BBennett%2C+J+S%3BLee%2C+E%3BKhan%2C+J&rft.aulast=Feigley&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=402&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Superantigen Bioassay To Detect Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A AN - 18600943; 5509904 AB - Current detection methods for enterotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus are labor intensive and limited in sensitivity. Furthermore, these immunochemical protocols fail to adequately detect heat-treated enterotoxins. Staphylococcal enterotoxins cause severe gastrointestinal illness at relatively low concentrations and retain toxigenicity even after heat treatment. Presented here is a novel method to detect staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA). This method is a bioassay that exploits SEA's activity as a superantigen in that it induces in cytotoxic T lymphocytes a cytotoxic response against SEA-bound Raji cells. Target cell death is assayed colorimetrically with the CytoTox 96 cell lysis detection kit. In the experiments presented here, this bioassay was also able to detect heat-treated SEA, albeit with a slight compromise in sensitivity. This system detected SEA at picomolar concentrations. Because of the sensitivity of this assay, it is conceivable that it could be incorporated into current detection methods as a confirmatory test. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Hawryluk, T AU - Hirshfield, I AD - FDA Northeast Regional Laboratory, Microbiological Sciences Branch, Jamaica, New York 11433-1034, USA Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 1183 EP - 1187 VL - 65 IS - 7 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - enterotoxin A KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18600943?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=A+Superantigen+Bioassay+To+Detect+Staphylococcal+Enterotoxin+A&rft.au=Hawryluk%2C+T%3BHirshfield%2C+I&rft.aulast=Hawryluk&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Respiratory protection: Associated factors and effectiveness of respirator use among underground coal miners AN - 18509439; 5472547 AB - We investigated factors associated with the use of respiratory protection and explored the effectiveness of respirators among coal miners. Between 1987 and 1992, respiratory symptoms, smoking, lung function, and dust exposures were assessed longitudinally among 185 underground bituminous coal miners. Self-reported use of respiratory protection was expressed as mean percent time wearing a respirator. Miners' respirator use increased with mean dust concentration, but decreased with tobacco consumption. Increasing age was associated with greater respirator use. Miners who had respiratory symptoms at the initial survey subsequently reported greater use of respirators. A significant protective association was found between the miners' respirator use and FEV sub(1) levels at both the initial and follow-up surveys. These results provide additional evidence that respirator use is protective of lung health. When respiratory protection programs are developed, factors that may affect respirator use behavior, such as age, smoking, and respiratory symptoms, should be considered. Future studies of respiratory health will need to consider workers' use of respiratory protection. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Li, Hongfei AU - Wang, Mei-Lin AU - Seixas, N AU - Ducatman, A AU - Lee Petsonk, E AD - Surveillence Branch, Division of Respiratory Diseases, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, ELP2@cdc.qov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 55 EP - 62 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18509439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Respiratory+protection%3A+Associated+factors+and+effectiveness+of+respirator+use+among+underground+coal+miners&rft.au=Li%2C+Hongfei%3BWang%2C+Mei-Lin%3BSeixas%2C+N%3BDucatman%2C+A%3BLee+Petsonk%2C+E&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Hongfei&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.10079 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10079 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimal hand locations for safe scaffold-end-frame disassembly AN - 18507543; 5475642 AB - Overexertion and fall injuries comprise the largest category of injuries among scaffold workers. A significant portion of these injuries is associated with scaffold-end-frame dismantling tasks, which require both muscle strength and postural balance skills. The commonly used tubular scaffold end frame is 1.52-m wide x 2-m high and weighs 23 kg. Previous studies have indicated that a great muscle strength can be generated when scaffold workers placed their hands symmetrically at knuckle height. However, adequate postural stability can only be reached when the workers placed their hands at the chest or shoulder height, which is near to the height of scaffold-end-frame center-of-mass. A reasonable approach to solve this dilemma is to develop an assistive lifting device, such as a light-weight clip-and-lift bar, that allows workers to place their hands at the height of the center-of-mass of end frames and concurrently allows an optimal hand separation for them to generate an adequate maximum isometric muscle force to safely accomplish the task. This study was conducted to determine the optimal hand location for a conceptual assistive lifting device to mitigate potential postural imbalance while reducing overexertion hazards during scaffold disassembly. This location would be within a window defined by a vertical hand placement between shoulder height and knuckle height and by a horizontal hand separation distance of shoulder width to end-frame width. The whole-body maximum isometric strength of 54 construction workers was measured in nine symmetric scaffold-end-frame disassembly postures, defined by a combination of three vertical hand placements by three horizontal hand separation distances within the aforementioned window. The study apparatus include a computer-controlled data-acquisition system, a custom-fabricated scaffold fixture, and two Bertec force platforms. An analysis of variance showed that the interaction effect of vertical hand placement and hand separation on workers' maximum isometric strength was significant (p<0.004). A hand location between elbow height and chest height with a hand separation distance of 46 cm (a conceptual, light-weight assistive bar) would allow workers to generate sufficient isometric strength (about twice that of the scaffold weight) to disassemble the typical 23 kg scaffolds while concurrently allowing them to mitigate the likelihood of postural imbalance. JF - Applied Ergonomics AU - Cutlip, R AU - Hsiao, H AU - Garcia, R AU - Becker, E AU - Mayeux, B AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Mail Stop G-800, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, hhsiao@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 349 EP - 355 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0003-6870, 0003-6870 KW - falls KW - musculoskeletal system KW - posture KW - scaffolds KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18507543?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Optimal+hand+locations+for+safe+scaffold-end-frame+disassembly&rft.au=Cutlip%2C+R%3BHsiao%2C+H%3BGarcia%2C+R%3BBecker%2C+E%3BMayeux%2C+B&rft.aulast=Cutlip&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Ergonomics&rft.issn=00036870&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0003-6870%2802%2900005-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-6870(02)00005-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of aflatoxins and fumonisins in Incaparina from Guatemala AN - 18465094; 5435777 AB - The occurrence of aflatoxins and fumonisins in Incaparina was investigated. Incaparina is a mixture of corn and cottonseed flour with added vitamins, minerals and a preservative. It has been marketed as a high-protein food supplement, particularly for children on protein-deficient diets. According to estimates, 80% of Guatemalan children in their first year are given Incaparina to provide an adequate diet. Eight samples of Incaparina manufactured in Guatemala were collected. Five were from three different geographical locations in the USA and three were from Guatemala. Seven were examined for fungal contamination and analysed for aflatoxins and fumonisins. Aspergillus flavus was the predominant fungus in all samples purchased in the USA and in one sample purchased from Guatemala, whereas Fusarium verticillioides was present in only two samples (one from the USA and one from Guatemala). All samples contained aflatoxins, ranging from 3 to 214 ng g super(-1) and <2 to 32 ng g super(-1) for aflatoxin B sub(1) and aflatoxin B sub(2), respectively; and one sample contained aflatoxin G sub(1) (7 ng g super(-1)). Total aflatoxins present ranged from 3 to 244 ng g super(1). All samples contained fumonisins, ranging from 0.2 to 1.7 wg g super(-1), <0.1 to 0.6 wg g super(-1), and <0.1 to 0.2 wg g super(-1) for fumonisins B sub(1), fumonisin B sub(2), and fumonisin B sub(2), respectively. Total fumonisins present ranged from 0.2 to 2.2 wg g super(-1). The identity of aflatoxin B sub(2) was confirmed using both the chemical derivatization method and liquid chromatographic (LC)/mass spectrometric (MS) analysis. Appropriate regulatory action was recommended for the import of Incaparina and has been in effect since 22 December 1998. JF - Food Additives and Contaminants AU - Trucksess, M W AU - Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA AU - Tournas, V H AU - White, K D AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 671 EP - 675 VL - 19 IS - 7 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Incaparina KW - fumonisins KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18465094?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Additives+and+Contaminants&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+aflatoxins+and+fumonisins+in+Incaparina+from+Guatemala&rft.au=Trucksess%2C+M+W%3BDombrink-Kurtzman%2C+MA%3BTournas%2C+V+H%3BWhite%2C+K+D&rft.aulast=Trucksess&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=671&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Additives+and+Contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effectiveness of a new method (TEAT) to assess vibration transmissibility of gloves AN - 18437800; 5417363 AB - A test method based upon total effective acceleration transmissibility (TEAT) is proposed to study the vibration isolation performance of anti-vibration gloves. The vibration transmission characteristics of three different gloves are investigated under predominantly axial vibration using the proposed method and the procedure outlined in ISO-10819 (Mechanical Vibration and Shock--Hand-Arm Vibration--Method for the Measurement and Evaluation of the Vibration Transmissibility of Gloves at the Palm of the Hand, International Standard Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 1996). The measured data are systematically analyzed to illustrate the measurement and evaluation errors arising from misalignments of the response accelerometer within the palm-held adaptor, unintentional non-axial vibration caused by the vibration exciter and dynamics of the coupled hand-handle system. The degree of adaptor misalignment, estimated from the measured data, was observed to vary from 5.9 degree to 59.6 degree . Such variations could cause measurement errors in excess of 20%. The vibration transmission characteristics of selected gloves, evaluated using the proposed method, are compared with those derived from the standardized method to demonstrate the effectiveness of the TEAT approach. From the results, it is concluded that the TEAT method, based upon vector sums of both the source and response accelerations, can effectively account for the majority of the measurement errors, and yield more repeatable and reliable assessments of gloves. JF - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics AU - Dong, R G AU - Rakheja, S AU - Smutz, W P AU - Schopper, A AU - Welcome, D AU - Wu, J Z AD - E&CTB/HELD/NIOSH/CDC, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS 2201, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, rkd6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 33 EP - 48 VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 0169-8141, 0169-8141 KW - gloves KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18437800?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+a+new+method+%28TEAT%29+to+assess+vibration+transmissibility+of+gloves&rft.au=Dong%2C+R+G%3BRakheja%2C+S%3BSmutz%2C+W+P%3BSchopper%2C+A%3BWelcome%2C+D%3BWu%2C+J+Z&rft.aulast=Dong&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.issn=01698141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA Immunization in a Mouse Model of Latent Tuberculosis: Effect of DNA Vaccination on Reactivation of Disease and on Reinfection with a Secondary Challenge AN - 18410168; 5393795 AB - Individuals who are latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis can develop active disease via either endogenous reactivation of the latent bacilli or exogenous reinfection with a second mycobacterial strain. In this study, we investigated whether immunization with a tuberculosis DNA vaccine cocktail that induces significant protective responses in mice could prevent reactivation of disease in a murine latent-tuberculosis model. In addition, we assessed whether DNA vaccination could retard the growth of a secondary aerogenic infection with M. tuberculosis (exogenous reinfection) in latently infected mice. In the reactivation studies, administration of the DNA vaccine combination did not prevent recrudescence of the latent infection after injection of dexamethasone. Moreover, for the reinfection experiments, only a modest decrease in the growth of a secondary M. tuberculosis challenge in DNA-vaccinated animals, compared to controls, was observed 14 and 28 days after the reinfection of previously exposed mice. Interestingly, although proliferation of the secondary challenge was reduced significantly in a nonvaccinated chronic-infection group relative to the naive controls, the number of bacilli still increased by 500-fold 1 month after the secondary challenge in mice with active tuberculosis. These results indicate that novel immunotherapeutic approaches will be required to prevent reactivation of infection or reinfection of individuals with latent tuberculosis. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Repique, C J AU - Li, A AU - Collins, F M AU - Morris, S L AD - LMDCI/OVRR/CBER/FDA, HFM-431, Bldg. 29, Room 502, 29 Lincoln Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892., morris@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 3318 EP - 3323 VL - 70 IS - 7 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - mice KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - N 14800:Immunological aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18410168?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=DNA+Immunization+in+a+Mouse+Model+of+Latent+Tuberculosis%3A+Effect+of+DNA+Vaccination+on+Reactivation+of+Disease+and+on+Reinfection+with+a+Secondary+Challenge&rft.au=Repique%2C+C+J%3BLi%2C+A%3BCollins%2C+F+M%3BMorris%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Repique&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3318&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.70.7.3318-3323.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.70.7.3318-3323.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of O Acetylation of Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup A Capsular Polysaccharide on Development of Functional Immune Responses AN - 18405069; 5393805 AB - The importance of O-acetyl groups to the immunogenicity of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A polysaccharide (PS) was examined in studies using human sera and mouse immunization. In 17 of 18 postimmunization human sera, inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that the majority of antibodies binding to serogroup A PS were specific for epitopes involving O- acetyl groups. Studies with mice also showed an essential role for O-acetyl groups, where serum bactericidal titers following immunization with de-O- acetylated (de-O-Ac) conjugate vaccine were at least 32-fold lower than those following immunization with O-Ac PS-conjugate vaccine and 4-fold lower than those following immunization with native capsular PS. Inhibition studies using native and de-O-Ac PS confirmed the specificity of murine antibodies to native PS. The dramatic reduction in immunogenicity associated with removal of O-acetyl groups indicates that O acetylation is essential to the immunogenic epitopes of serogroup A PS. Since levels of bactericidal antibodies are correlated with protection against disease, O-acetyl groups appear to be important in protection. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Berry, D S AU - Lynn, F AU - Lee, C AU - Frasch, CE AU - Bash, M C AD - Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, HFM-428, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852., mbash@helix.nih.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 3707 EP - 3713 VL - 70 IS - 7 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - mice KW - polysaccharides KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - F 06008:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18405069?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Effect+of+O+Acetylation+of+Neisseria+meningitidis+Serogroup+A+Capsular+Polysaccharide+on+Development+of+Functional+Immune+Responses&rft.au=Berry%2C+D+S%3BLynn%2C+F%3BLee%2C+C%3BFrasch%2C+CE%3BBash%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3707&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.70.7.3707-3713.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.70.7.3707-3713.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-response and time course of specific IgE and IgG after single and repeated topical skin exposure to dry trimellitic anhydride powder in a Brown Norway rat model AN - 17039760; 5556158 AB - Background: Trimellitic anhydride (TMA)-induced occupational asthma is thought to be associated with its ability to acylate proteins and to induce production of TMA-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E. Though the respiratory tract is considered to be a major exposure route leading to airway sensitization, the potential role of dermal exposure producing asthmatic sensitization is not known. The present study examines the ability of dry TMA powder to sensitize Brown Norway rats when applied, topically, to the skin. Methods: A patch of hair was carefully clipped with scissors on the rat's back. Dry TMA powder (0.3, 1.25, 5 and 20 mg) was administered on days 0, 7, 14 and 21, and the area occluded with surgical tape overnight after each application. Residual powder recovered from the occluded skin was analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and was still predominantly TMA. Circulating anti-TMA IgE and IgG were measured by ELISA. Results: TMA elicited dose-dependent production of specific IgE and IgG. Specific antibodies were detectable 2 weeks after the first TMA exposure and peaked between 3 and 4 weeks. Conclusion: The data suggest that topical skin exposure to dry TMA powder can induce allergic/immunological sensitization as demonstrated by the production of specific antibodies. JF - Allergy AU - Zhang, X D AU - Murray, D K AU - Lewis, D M AU - Siegel, P D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 620 EP - 626 VL - 57 IS - 7 SN - 0105-4538, 0105-4538 KW - Brown Norway rats KW - dose-response effects KW - rats KW - trimellitic anhydride KW - Immunology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure KW - F 06844:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17039760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Allergy&rft.atitle=Dose-response+and+time+course+of+specific+IgE+and+IgG+after+single+and+repeated+topical+skin+exposure+to+dry+trimellitic+anhydride+powder+in+a+Brown+Norway+rat+model&rft.au=Zhang%2C+X+D%3BMurray%2C+D+K%3BLewis%2C+D+M%3BSiegel%2C+P+D&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=620&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Allergy&rft.issn=01054538&rft_id=info:doi/10.1034%2Fj.1398-9995.2002.03548.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2002.03548.x ER - TY - RPRT T1 - EXPANSION OF THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION (CDC) CHAMBLEE CAMPUS, DEKALB COUNTY, ATLANTA, GEORGIA. AN - 36413360; 9393 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of a master plan for the expansion of the Chamblee Campus of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia is proposed. The CDC is an agency of the Department of Health and Human Services with a critical mission to safeguard the health of the American public through detection, investigation, control, and prevention of communicable diseases. The 48.5-acre Chamblee Campus, which is one of the two primary CDC campuses in the Atlanta metropolitan area, currently consists primarily of buildings constructed between 1940 and 1993, many of which no longer satisfy the essential technical needs of CDC programs. In addition to the other primary campus, the main Roybal Campus and CDC headquarters at Clifton Road, CDC components are located throughout the Atlanta area at 23 leased locations. The CDC anticipates an increase in personnel at the Chamblee Campus from a current staff of approximately 700 employees to 3,700 employees within 10 years. In addition to the proposed master plan, this final EIS addresses a No Action Alternative. The master plan would provide for demolition of 17 outdated buildings, construction of four new buildings, and the renovation of several other buildings on the campus. The plan is based on a current inventory of 245,500 net useable square feet of office and laboratory space, which includes two buildings (Nos. 103 and 109) that are currently under construction to replace space lost from buildings previously removed from the campus. The master plan would meet a cumulative need for 706,200 net usable square feet of space. Additional parking would be provided to increase capacity from 591 spaces to 3,390 spaces. Design and construction of specific buildings, associated parking facilities, and support facilities would be based on year-by-year federal appropriations to fund individual projects. Over the 10-year planning period, four new buildings would be constructed and 17 substandard buildings demolished. Construction activities would be restricted largely to the existing disturbed areas of the campus, encompassing 26 acres. The proposed action would also provide for enhanced security at the campus in response to the terrorist events of September 11, 2001. POSITIVE IMPACTS: In addition to upgrading facilities to contemporary standards, the master plan would also accommodate expected growth in CDC activities through the year 2010. The plan would also consolidate and relocate off-campus operations performed at nearby leased facilities by allowing their relocation to the Chamblee Campus. The aesthetic quality of the campus would be improved, and security against terrorist attacks would be enhanced substantially. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Two acres of vegetated upland area in the southwestern portion of the property would be disturbed, as would a strip of upland fringe on the eastern side of the developed area. The balance of approximately 20 acres at the site, including 11.4 acres of floodplain and 4.6 acres of jurisdictional wetlands, is currently vegetated and would remain undisturbed. Another future activity that would disturb this 20-acre area would require further EIS documentation. Certain roadway intersections in the area would be affected by the increased levels of traffic generated by the expanded facility. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 02-0331D, Volume 26, Number 3. JF - EPA number: 020279, 122 pages, June 27, 2002 PY - 2002 KW - Urban and Social Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Buildings KW - Demolition KW - Cultural Resources KW - Floodplains KW - Noise KW - Parking KW - Public Health KW - Research Facilities KW - Safety KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Vegetation KW - Visual Resources KW - Water Resources KW - Wetlands KW - Georgia UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36413360?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-06-27&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=EXPANSION+OF+THE+CENTERS+FOR+DISEASE+CONTROL+AND+PREVENTION+%28CDC%29+CHAMBLEE+CAMPUS%2C+DEKALB+COUNTY%2C+ATLANTA%2C+GEORGIA.&rft.title=EXPANSION+OF+THE+CENTERS+FOR+DISEASE+CONTROL+AND+PREVENTION+%28CDC%29+CHAMBLEE+CAMPUS%2C+DEKALB+COUNTY%2C+ATLANTA%2C+GEORGIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - General Services Administration, Atlanta, Georgia; GSA N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: June 27, 2002 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of mutation in transgenic CHO cells using green fluorescent protein as a reporter AN - 18447970; 5422716 AB - A novel approach was developed for rapidly estimating the frequency of specific mutations in genetically engineered Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. We designed double-transgenic CHO cell lines that contain a transgene consisting of the sequence coding for green fluorescent protein under the control of a tetracycline (Tet) responsive promoter and a second transgene coding for the constitutively expressed Tet repressor. Cultures of these CHO cells were treated with gamma -radiation, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea or methyl methanesulfonate, and the fluorescence of individual cells from both control and treated cultures was measured by flow cytometry. The treatments increased the number of highly fluorescent cells, those with presumed mutations in the Tet-repressor gene. Mutant cells from gamma -radiation-exposed cultures were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, cultured, and individual clones expanded. A PCR-based analysis indicated that the highly fluorescent expanded cells had lost the transgene coding for the Tet repressor, suggesting that the system mainly detects large genetic alterations. A similar approach may be useful for making high-throughput in vivo models for mutation detection. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Dobrovolsky, V N AU - McGarrity, L J AU - Morris, S M AU - Heflich, R H AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, HFT-120, 72079 Jefferson, AR, USA, vdobrovolsky@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/06/27/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 27 SP - 55 EP - 64 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 518 IS - 1 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - CHO cells KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18447970?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Detection+of+mutation+in+transgenic+CHO+cells+using+green+fluorescent+protein+as+a+reporter&rft.au=Dobrovolsky%2C+V+N%3BMcGarrity%2C+L+J%3BMorris%2C+S+M%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Dobrovolsky&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2002-06-27&rft.volume=518&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Physical activity fundamental to preventing disease AN - 59927132; 2003-0203220 AB - Discusses the role of physical fitness and exercise in maintaining good health; includes economic consequences of inactivity, the epidemic of overweight and obesity, and associated health risks of not maintaining a healthy weight; US. Also available in PDF format at: http://aspe.hhs.gov/health/reports/physicalactivity/physical activity.pdf JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, June 20 2002. Y1 - 2002/06/20/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 20 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Physical fitness -- Economic aspects KW - Public health -- United States KW - Physical fitness -- United States KW - United States -- Health conditions KW - Obesity -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59927132?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-06-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Physical+activity+fundamental+to+preventing+disease&rft.title=Physical+activity+fundamental+to+preventing+disease&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aspe.hhs.gov/health/reports/physicalactivity LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Breast cancer mortality among female radiologic technologists in the United States. AN - 71830873; 12072548 AB - We evaluated breast cancer mortality through 1997 among 69 525 female radiologic technologists who were certified in the United States from 1926 through 1982 and who responded to our questionnaire. Risk of breast cancer mortality was examined according to work history and practices and was adjusted for known risk factors. Breast cancer mortality risk was highest among women who were first employed as radiologic technologists prior to 1940 (relative risk [RR] = 2.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.22 to 7.00) compared with risk of those first employed in 1960 or later and declined with more recent calendar year of first employment (P for trend =.002). Breast cancer mortality risk increased with increasing number of years of employment as a technologist prior to 1950 (P for trend =.018). However, risk was not associated with the total number of years a woman worked as a technologist. Technologists who first performed fluoroscopy (RR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.02 to 3.11) and multifilm procedures (RR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.04 to 3.34) before 1950 had statistically significantly elevated risks compared with technologists who first performed these procedures in 1960 or later. The high risks of breast cancer mortality for women exposed to occupational radiation prior to 1950 and the subsequent decline in risk are consistent with the dramatic reduction in recommended radiation exposure limits over time. JF - Journal of the National Cancer Institute AU - Mohan, Aparna K AU - Hauptmann, Michael AU - Linet, Martha S AU - Ron, Elaine AU - Lubin, Jay H AU - Freedman, D Michal AU - Alexander, Bruce H AU - Boice, John D AU - Doody, Michele Morin AU - Matanoski, Genevieve M AD - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-7244, USA. mohan@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/06/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 19 SP - 943 EP - 948 VL - 94 IS - 12 SN - 0027-8874, 0027-8874 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Allied Health Personnel KW - Breast Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Radiography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71830873?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.atitle=Breast+cancer+mortality+among+female+radiologic+technologists+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Mohan%2C+Aparna+K%3BHauptmann%2C+Michael%3BLinet%2C+Martha+S%3BRon%2C+Elaine%3BLubin%2C+Jay+H%3BFreedman%2C+D+Michal%3BAlexander%2C+Bruce+H%3BBoice%2C+John+D%3BDoody%2C+Michele+Morin%3BMatanoski%2C+Genevieve+M&rft.aulast=Mohan&rft.aufirst=Aparna&rft.date=2002-06-19&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=943&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.issn=00278874&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 2001 anthrax crisis in Washington, D.C.: pharmacists' role in screening patients and selecting prophylaxis. AN - 71829260; 12073861 AB - Pharmacists' development and use of a worksheet facilitating their rapid selection of patient-appropriate prophylactic antimicrobials in an anthrax clinic is described. A clinic housed at D.C. General Hospital, in Washington, D.C., treated most of the people--many of them postal workers--who may have been exposed to anthrax in that city during the 2001 anthrax crisis. A form was needed to assist pharmacists in the rapid selection of prophylactic antimicrobials and in patient education and counseling. A team of pharmacists collaborated on the development of a form tailored to the clinical and logistical needs of the operation. The questions on the form were based largely on the two antianthrax agents most likely to be used, ciprofloxacin and doxycycline, and were designed to identify the circumstances that would most frequently require a medication change or a modification of patient education. Yes-or-no check boxes allowed pertinent data to be captured most efficiently. A positive response to any question triggered a personal interview and assessment by a pharmacist. A treatment algorithm was also developed to ensure consistent pharmacist selection of agents in the face of potentially changing policies and staff. The worksheet questions sought to establish treatment objectives, document allergies and concomitant therapies, and identify patients who were pregnant or lactating. Pharmacists developed a patient-screening worksheet that helped determine their choice of treatment for people who may have been exposed to anthrax in Washington, D.C., during the 2001 anthrax crisis. JF - American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists AU - Montello, Michael J AU - Ostroff, Craig AU - Frank, Ellen C AU - Haffer, Andrew S T AU - Rogers, James R AD - PHS-1 Disaster Medical Assistance Team, U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS), Protocol and Information Office, Cancer Therapeutics Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA. montellom@ctep.nci.nih.gov Y1 - 2002/06/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 15 SP - 1193 EP - 1199 VL - 59 IS - 12 SN - 1079-2082, 1079-2082 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Algorithms KW - Ambulatory Care Facilities KW - Pregnancy KW - Lactation KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - District of Columbia KW - Mass Screening KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- adverse effects KW - Adult KW - Drug Hypersensitivity KW - Female KW - Male KW - Terrorism KW - Anthrax -- transmission KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Anthrax -- drug therapy KW - Pharmacists UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71829260?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+health-system+pharmacy+%3A+AJHP+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Health-System+Pharmacists&rft.atitle=2001+anthrax+crisis+in+Washington%2C+D.C.%3A+pharmacists%27+role+in+screening+patients+and+selecting+prophylaxis.&rft.au=Montello%2C+Michael+J%3BOstroff%2C+Craig%3BFrank%2C+Ellen+C%3BHaffer%2C+Andrew+S+T%3BRogers%2C+James+R&rft.aulast=Montello&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2002-06-15&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+health-system+pharmacy+%3A+AJHP+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Health-System+Pharmacists&rft.issn=10792082&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-03 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2004 Jun 1;61(11):1167-75 [15237570] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of low doses of aged and freshly fractured silica on pulmonary inflammation and damage in the rat AN - 18438494; 5417423 AB - Most previous studies of silica toxicity have used relatively high exposure doses of silica. In this study, male rats received by intratracheal instillation either vehicle, aged or freshly fractured silica at a dose of either 5 mu g/rat once a week for 12 weeks (total dose = 60 mu g) or 20 mu g/rat once a week for 12 weeks (total dose = 240 mu g). One week after the last exposure, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was conducted and markers of pulmonary inflammation, alveolar macrophage (AM) activation and pulmonary damage were examined. For rats exposed to a total of 60 mu g silica, both aged and freshly fractured silica increased polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) yield and AM activation above control to a similar degree, but no evidence of pulmonary damage, as measured by BAL fluid lactate dehydrogenase activity or albumin concentration, was detected. For rats exposed to 240 mu g silica, aged or freshly fractured silica increased PMN yield and AM activation above control. However, zymosan-stimulated and L-NAME sensitive AM chemiluminescence was greater for rats exposed to freshly fractured silica compared to aged silica. Exposure to 240 mu g aged or freshly fractured silica also resulted in pulmonary damage, but the extent of this damage did not differ between the two types of silica. The results suggest that exposure of rats to silica levels far lower than those previously examined can cause pulmonary inflammation. In addition, exposure to freshly fractured silica causes greater generation of reactive oxygen species from AM, measured as AM chemiluminescence, in comparison to aged silica, but there is an apparent threshold below which this difference does not occur. JF - Toxicology AU - Porter, D W AU - Barger, M AU - Robinson, V A AU - Leonard, S S AU - Landsittel, D AU - Castranova, V AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S 2015, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, dporter@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/06/14/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 14 SP - 63 EP - 71 VL - 175 IS - 1-3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24154:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18438494?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+low+doses+of+aged+and+freshly+fractured+silica+on+pulmonary+inflammation+and+damage+in+the+rat&rft.au=Porter%2C+D+W%3BBarger%2C+M%3BRobinson%2C+V+A%3BLeonard%2C+S+S%3BLandsittel%2C+D%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-14&rft.volume=175&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Free radical generation and antioxidant depletion in skin of vitamin E deficient mice after topical exposure to cumene hydroperoxide (CUOOH) AN - 39567187; 3678654 AU - Shevedova, A AU - Kisin, E AU - Castranova, V AU - Kommineni, C AU - Mason, R AU - Kadiiska, M AU - Gunther, M Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39567187?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Free+radical+generation+and+antioxidant+depletion+in+skin+of+vitamin+E+deficient+mice+after+topical+exposure+to+cumene+hydroperoxide+%28CUOOH%29&rft.au=Shevedova%2C+A%3BKisin%2C+E%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BKommineni%2C+C%3BMason%2C+R%3BKadiiska%2C+M%3BGunther%2C+M&rft.aulast=Shevedova&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Society of Toxicology, 1767 Business Center Drive, Suite 302, Resont, VA 20190-5332, USA; URL: www.toxicology.org. Paper No. LB141 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Acute phase proteins (APPs) as biomarkers of host-response to drug-induced vasculitis in rats and dogs AN - 39526279; 3678560 AU - Zhang, J AU - Herman, E AU - Holt, G AU - Blanchard, K AU - Ratajczak, H AU - Knapton, A AU - Sistare, F Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39526279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Acute+phase+proteins+%28APPs%29+as+biomarkers+of+host-response+to+drug-induced+vasculitis+in+rats+and+dogs&rft.au=Zhang%2C+J%3BHerman%2C+E%3BHolt%2C+G%3BBlanchard%2C+K%3BRatajczak%2C+H%3BKnapton%2C+A%3BSistare%2C+F&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Society of Toxicology, 1767 Business Center Drive, Suite 302, Resont, VA 20190-5332, USA; URL: www.toxicology.org. Paper No. LB48 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Recently identified adverse events secondary to NRTI therapy in HIV-infected individuals: Cases from the FDA's adverse event reporting system (AERS) AN - 39525576; 3673154 AU - Marcus, K AU - Truffa, M AU - Boxwell, D AU - Toerner, J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39525576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Recently+identified+adverse+events+secondary+to+NRTI+therapy+in+HIV-infected+individuals%3A+Cases+from+the+FDA%27s+adverse+event+reporting+system+%28AERS%29&rft.au=Marcus%2C+K%3BTruffa%2C+M%3BBoxwell%2C+D%3BToerner%2C+J&rft.aulast=Marcus&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 115 South Saint Asaph St., Alexandria, VA 22314, USA; phone: 703-535-6862; fax: 703-535-6899; email: info@retroconference.org; URL: 63.126.3.84/2002/default.htm. Paper No. LB14 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Offspring exposure to phenylbutazone and ivermectin during the perinatal period in a Holstein cow-calf model AN - 39522493; 3678547 AU - Chamberlain, P AU - Fowler, B AU - Sexton, M AU - Peggins, J AU - Von Bredow, J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39522493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Offspring+exposure+to+phenylbutazone+and+ivermectin+during+the+perinatal+period+in+a+Holstein+cow-calf+model&rft.au=Chamberlain%2C+P%3BFowler%2C+B%3BSexton%2C+M%3BPeggins%2C+J%3BVon+Bredow%2C+J&rft.aulast=Chamberlain&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Society of Toxicology, 1767 Business Center Drive, Suite 302, Resont, VA 20190-5332, USA; URL: www.toxicology.org. Paper No. LB34 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Overview of food safety issues related to potentially scombrotoxic fish AN - 39415249; 3676503 AU - Barnett, J D Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39415249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Overview+of+food+safety+issues+related+to+potentially+scombrotoxic+fish&rft.au=Barnett%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Barnett&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: PFT 2002, Food Science & Technology Department, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; phone: 530-752-2507; fax: 530-752-4759 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Upstream signal transduction of NF-kappaB activation. AN - 72915693; 14561196 AB - NF-kappaB is a transcription factor governing the expression of genes involved in the immune response, embryo or cell lineage development, cell apoptosis, cell cycle progression, inflammation, and oncogenesis. During the past few years, considerable attention has been paid to the upstream signaling pathways that lead to the activation of NF-kappaB. Many of these signaling molecules can serve as potential pharmaceutical targets for the specific inhibition of NF-kappaB activation leading to interruption of disease processes. How these molecules interact with each other is however, still a debatable issue. Since many of the signal molecules in this pathway relay more than one of the upstream signals to downstream targets, it has been suggested that the transmission of signals involves a network, rather than a linear sequence in the activation of NF-kappaB. Thus, the detailed elucidation of the upstream signaling molecules involved with NF-kappaB activation will be important to the development of pharmaceutical inhibitors that specifically inhibit the activation of NF-kappaB. Such inhibitors would be predicted to have potent anti-inflammatory and/or anti-carcinogenic effects. JF - Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy AU - Chen, Fei AU - Demers, Laurence M AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - The Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. lfd3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 137 EP - 149 VL - 1 IS - 2 SN - 1568-010X, 1568-010X KW - NF-kappa B KW - 0 KW - Ubiquinone KW - 1339-63-5 KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.1 KW - NF-kappa B kinase KW - EC 2.7.11.25 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic -- genetics KW - Biotransformation KW - Humans KW - Ubiquinone -- metabolism KW - NF-kappa B -- agonists KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - NF-kappa B -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72915693?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+drug+targets.+Inflammation+and+allergy&rft.atitle=Upstream+signal+transduction+of+NF-kappaB+activation.&rft.au=Chen%2C+Fei%3BDemers%2C+Laurence+M%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Fei&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+drug+targets.+Inflammation+and+allergy&rft.issn=1568010X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-03 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Confirmation of brevetoxin metabolism in the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) by controlled exposures to pure toxins and to Karenia brevis cultures. AN - 72004119; 12175608 AB - Previously, we analyzed Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) naturally exposed to a Karenia brevis red tide and found that brevetoxins (PbTx) are rapidly accumulated and metabolized. Several metabolites were isolated and later identified, including a cysteine-PbTx conjugate (MH(+): m/z 1018) and its sulfoxide product (m/z 1034). In the present study, we confirm and extend those findings by examining PbTx metabolism and elimination in oysters exposed to pure toxins (PbTx-2 and -3) under controlled conditions. Waterborne PbTx-3 was rapidly accumulated, but not metabolized, in the oyster and was largely eliminated within 2 weeks after exposure. In contrast, PbTx-2 was accumulated and rapidly metabolized. Metabolites of PbTx-2 included the reduction product PbTx-3 (m/z 897), and the cysteine conjugates (m/z 1018 and 1034) isolated previously from the field samples. Levels of the metabolite PbTx-3 in PbTx-2-exposed oysters were highest immediately after exposure and declined at a rate similar to parent PbTx-3 in PbTx-3-exposed oysters. Cysteine-PbTx persisted for 8 weeks after exposure. The same metabolites were confirmed in oysters exposed to laboratory cultures of K. brevis. PbTx metabolites contribute to neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) and should be included in analytical protocols for monitoring shellfish toxicity after a K. brevis red tide event. Copright 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. JF - Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology AU - Plakas, Steven M AU - el-Said, Kathleen R AU - Jester, Edward L E AU - Granade, H Ray AU - Musser, Steven M AU - Dickey, Robert W AD - Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, US Food and Drug Administration, 1 Iberville Drive, P.O. Box 158, Dauphin Island, AL 36528-0158, USA. splakas@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 721 EP - 729 VL - 40 IS - 6 SN - 0041-0101, 0041-0101 KW - Marine Toxins KW - 0 KW - Oxocins KW - brevetoxin KW - 98225-48-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Neuroblastoma -- pathology KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization KW - Brain Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Animals KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Mice KW - Dinoflagellida -- chemistry KW - Ostreidae -- chemistry KW - Ostreidae -- metabolism KW - Marine Toxins -- toxicity KW - Marine Toxins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Marine Toxins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72004119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.atitle=Confirmation+of+brevetoxin+metabolism+in+the+Eastern+oyster+%28Crassostrea+virginica%29+by+controlled+exposures+to+pure+toxins+and+to+Karenia+brevis+cultures.&rft.au=Plakas%2C+Steven+M%3Bel-Said%2C+Kathleen+R%3BJester%2C+Edward+L+E%3BGranade%2C+H+Ray%3BMusser%2C+Steven+M%3BDickey%2C+Robert+W&rft.aulast=Plakas&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=721&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.issn=00410101&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Significance of genetic information in risk assessment and individual classification using silicosis as a case model. AN - 71988114; 12176706 AB - Over the last decade the role of genetic data in epidemiological research has expanded considerably. We recently published a case-control study that evaluated the interaction between silica exposure and minor variants in the genes coding for interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) as risk factors associated with silicosis, a fibrotic lung disease. In contrast, this report uses data generated from these studies to illustrate the utility of genetic information for the purposes of risk assessment and clinical prediction. Specifically, this study will address how, given a known exposure, genetic information affects the characterization of risk groups. Relative operating characteristic (ROC) curves were then used to determine the impact of genetic information on individual classification. Logistic regression modeling procedures were used to estimate the predicted probability of developing silicosis. This probability was then used to construct predicted risk deciles, first for a model with occupational exposure only and then for a model containing occupational exposure and genetic main effects and interactions. Results indicate that the exposure-only model effectively captures an increasing relationship between predicted risk deciles and prevalence of observed silicosis cases. Individuals comprising the highest risk decile were almost four times as likely to have silicosis as opposed to the lowest risk decile. The addition of genetic data, however, substantially improved characterization of risk categories; the proportion of cases in the highest risk decile was almost eight times that in the lowest risk decile. However, the ROC curve and classification analysis demonstrated that the addition of genetic main effects and interactions did not significantly impact on prediction of the individual's case status. These results indicate that genetic information plays a valuable role in effectively characterizing risk groups and mechanisms of disease operating in a substantial proportion of the population. However, in the case of fibrotic lung disease caused by silica exposure, information about the presence or absence of the minor variants of IL-1alpha, IL-1RA and TNFalpha is unlikely to be a useful tool for individual classification. JF - The Annals of occupational hygiene AU - McCanlies, Erin AU - Landsittel, Douglas P AU - Yucesoy, Berran AU - Vallyathan, Val AU - Luster, Michael L AU - Sharp, Dan S AD - Biostatistics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. eim4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 375 EP - 381 VL - 46 IS - 4 SN - 0003-4878, 0003-4878 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - ROC Curve KW - Logistic Models KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Coal Mining KW - Male KW - Risk Assessment KW - Silicosis -- genetics KW - Silicosis -- epidemiology KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71988114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.atitle=Significance+of+genetic+information+in+risk+assessment+and+individual+classification+using+silicosis+as+a+case+model.&rft.au=McCanlies%2C+Erin%3BLandsittel%2C+Douglas+P%3BYucesoy%2C+Berran%3BVallyathan%2C+Val%3BLuster%2C+Michael+L%3BSharp%2C+Dan+S&rft.aulast=McCanlies&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.issn=00034878&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-18 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Racial differences in prevalence of a supratypic HLA-genetic marker immaterial to pre-employment testing for susceptibility to chronic beryllium disease. AN - 71986362; 12173370 AB - A beryllium materials manufacturer is conducting a limited pilot program that offers testing for HLA-DP beta 1E69 with genetic counseling through a third party to applicants for employment. An important consideration in this regard is the prevalence of this marker in the general population, and its consequent positive predictive value of disease susceptibility. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses were used to determine HLA-DP beta 1E69 population frequencies. Estimation of positive predictive values assumed a disease frequency among beryllium workers of either 5 or 15% and used an odds ratio for disease risk of 35 for the HLA-DP beta 1E69 marker. Allelic/carrier frequencies were found to be 0.21/0.33, 0.24/0.40, 0.27/0.47, and 0.38/0.59 for Caucasians, African-Americans, Hispanics, and Chinese, respectively. Ranges of positive predictive values for a genetic test based on HLA-DP beta 1E69 in these populations were calculated to be 8.3-14.3% for carriers with an assumed disease frequency of 5%. For high risk subgroups with disease frequencies of 15%, the range of positive predictive values was found to span between 24.9-43.0%. These estimates suggest that using HLA-DP beta 1E69 genotyping for general pre-employment screening in the beryllium industry has a low positive predictive value, which varies little among racial groups where carrier frequencies differ significantly. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Weston, Ainsley AU - Ensey, James AU - Kreiss, Kathleen AU - Keshava, Channa AU - McCanlies, Erin AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC, MS-L3014, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. AGW8@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 457 EP - 465 VL - 41 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - HLA-DP Antigens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Odds Ratio KW - Heterozygote Detection KW - Hispanic Americans -- genetics KW - Gene Frequency KW - Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length KW - Humans KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Pilot Projects KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Health Services KW - Genetic Testing KW - Continental Population Groups -- genetics KW - Berylliosis -- prevention & control KW - Berylliosis -- epidemiology KW - HLA-DP Antigens -- genetics KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease -- epidemiology KW - Berylliosis -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71986362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Racial+differences+in+prevalence+of+a+supratypic+HLA-genetic+marker+immaterial+to+pre-employment+testing+for+susceptibility+to+chronic+beryllium+disease.&rft.au=Weston%2C+Ainsley%3BEnsey%2C+James%3BKreiss%2C+Kathleen%3BKeshava%2C+Channa%3BMcCanlies%2C+Erin&rft.aulast=Weston&rft.aufirst=Ainsley&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative effects of substituted amphetamines (PMA, MDMA, and METH) on monoamines in rat caudate: a microdialysis study. AN - 71892175; 12105116 AB - Paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA) is a methoxylated phenethylamine derivative that has been used illicitly in Australia since 1994. PMA is also becoming popular at rave parties in the United States. PMA raised concern when a series of fatalities resulted after its use in South Australia, where it was marketed as "ecstasy," which is the colloquial name for MDMA. In the present study, we evaluated the comparative neurotoxicity of substituted amphetamines in rats. Extracellular levels of dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), serotonin (5-HT), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were assayed in the caudate of freely moving rats using microdialysis and HPLC-EC. Dialysates were assayed every 20 minutes for 4 hours after an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of PMA (2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg), MDMA (10 and 20 mg/kg), or METH (2.5 mg/kg). METH produced a significant increase in extracellular DA (700%), and significant decreases in extracellular DOPAC and HVA (30% and 50%), with no detectable changes in either 5-HT or 5-HIAA. MDMA produced significant increases in DA (700% at 10 mg/kg and 950% at 20 mg/kg) and decreases in DOPAC (15% for both 10 and 20 mg/kg), and HVA (50% at 10 mg/kg and 35% at 20 mg/kg). MDMA also increased 5-HT (350% at 10, and 575% at 20 mg/kg), and decreased 5-HIAA to 60% for both dose levels. PMA produced no detectable increases in DA at dose levels of 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg, but significantly increased DA (975%) at a dose of 20 mg/kg. However, PMA significantly decreased DOPAC at all dose levels (75% at 2.5; 40% at 5; 30% at 10; 10% at 20 mg/kg), with comparable decreases in HVA at all dose levels. PMA also produced significant increases in 5-HT at 10 and 20 mg/kg (350% for both dose levels), with no detectable changes in 5-HT at 2.5 or 5 mg/kg. All dose levels of PMA significantly decreased 5-HIAA (50 to 70%). These data suggest that PMA, like MDMA and METH, is capable of producing dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotoxicity. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Gough, Bobby AU - Imam, Syed Z AU - Blough, Bruce AU - Slikker, William AU - Ali, Syed F AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 410 EP - 420 VL - 965 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Amphetamines KW - 0 KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid KW - 102-32-9 KW - Serotonin KW - 333DO1RDJY KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid KW - 54-16-0 KW - Amphetamine KW - CK833KGX7E KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine KW - KE1SEN21RM KW - 4-methoxyamphetamine KW - OVB8F8P39Q KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Homovanillic Acid KW - X77S6GMS36 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Microdialysis KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Methamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Homovanillic Acid -- metabolism KW - Amphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Caudate Nucleus -- metabolism KW - Amphetamines -- pharmacology KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Caudate Nucleus -- drug effects KW - Serotonin -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71892175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Comparative+effects+of+substituted+amphetamines+%28PMA%2C+MDMA%2C+and+METH%29+on+monoamines+in+rat+caudate%3A+a+microdialysis+study.&rft.au=Gough%2C+Bobby%3BImam%2C+Syed+Z%3BBlough%2C+Bruce%3BSlikker%2C+William%3BAli%2C+Syed+F&rft.aulast=Gough&rft.aufirst=Bobby&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=965&rft.issue=&rft.spage=410&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity and production of peroxynitrite are potentiated in nerve growth factor differentiated pheochromocytoma 12 cells. AN - 71891525; 12105096 AB - Methamphetamine (METH) is a widely abused psychomotor stimulant known to cause dopaminergic neurotoxicity in rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans. METH administration selectively damages the dopaminergic nerve terminals, which is hypothesized to be due to release of dopamine from synaptic vesicles within the terminals. This process is believed to be mediated by the production of free radicals. The current study evaluates METH-induced dopaminergic toxicity in pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12) cells cultured in the presence or absence of nerve growth factor (NGF). Dopaminergic changes and the formation of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), a marker for peroxynitrite production, were studied in PC12 cell cultures grown in the presence or absence of NGF after different doses of METH (100-1,000 microM). METH exposure did not cause significant alterations in cell viability and did not produce significant dopaminergic changes or 3-NT production in PC12 cells grown in NGF-negative media after 24 hours. However, cell viability of PC12 cells grown in NGF-positive media was decreased by 45%, and significant dose-dependent dopaminergic alteration and 3-NT production were observed 24 hours after exposure to METH. The current study supports the hypothesis that METH acts at the dopaminergic nerve terminals and produces dopaminergic damage by the production of free radical peroxynitrite. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Imam, Syed Z AU - Newport, Glenn D AU - Duhart, Helen M AU - Islam, Fakhrul AU - Slikker, William AU - Ali, Syed F AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Resarch/US FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 204 EP - 213 VL - 965 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Neurotoxins KW - 0 KW - Peroxynitrous Acid KW - 14691-52-2 KW - 3-nitrotyrosine KW - 3604-79-3 KW - Tyrosine KW - 42HK56048U KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Nerve Growth Factor KW - 9061-61-4 KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Kinetics KW - Drug Synergism KW - Cell Differentiation -- drug effects KW - Time Factors KW - Pheochromocytoma KW - PC12 Cells KW - Peroxynitrous Acid -- metabolism KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Tyrosine -- metabolism KW - Tyrosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Nerve Growth Factor -- pharmacology KW - Methamphetamine -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71891525?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Methamphetamine-induced+dopaminergic+neurotoxicity+and+production+of+peroxynitrite+are+potentiated+in+nerve+growth+factor+differentiated+pheochromocytoma+12+cells.&rft.au=Imam%2C+Syed+Z%3BNewport%2C+Glenn+D%3BDuhart%2C+Helen+M%3BIslam%2C+Fakhrul%3BSlikker%2C+William%3BAli%2C+Syed+F&rft.aulast=Imam&rft.aufirst=Syed&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=965&rft.issue=&rft.spage=204&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adaptation to repeated cocaine administration in rats. AN - 71890222; 12105093 AB - Quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG) studies in cocaine-dependent human patients show deficits in slow-wave brain activity, reflected in diminished EEG power in the delta and theta frequency bands. In the present study, electrophysiological measures were monitored in 10 nonanesthetized, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats via bipolar, epidural electrodes implanted over the somatosensory cortex. Control electrocorticograms (ECoG) were recorded twice within a two-week interval to establish a baseline. Rats were subsequently injected daily with cocaine HCl at 15 mg/kg, i.p., for two weeks. The ECoG was recorded during a 1-h session one day after the last injection. Total concentrations of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites were assayed in caudate nucleus (CN) and frontal cortex (FC) using HPLC/EC. Compared with controls, marked increases in DA concentrations were observed in both regions. The DA turnover decreased significantly. The power spectra, obtained by use of a fast Fourier transformation, revealed a significant decrease in slow-wave delta frequency bands following repeated exposure to cocaine. These data are consistent with reported findings in humans that repeated exposures to cocaine result in a decrease in slow-wave brain activity. Further studies are necessary to establish whether regional alterations in blood flow and metabolic activity may underlie such observations. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Binienda, Zbigniew K AU - Pereira, Frederico AU - Alper, Kenneth AU - Slikker, William AU - Ali, Syed F AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, NCTR/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72029, USA. zbinienda@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 172 EP - 179 VL - 965 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid KW - 102-32-9 KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Homovanillic Acid KW - X77S6GMS36 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Caudate Nucleus -- metabolism KW - Frontal Lobe -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Caudate Nucleus -- drug effects KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Electroencephalography -- drug effects KW - Homovanillic Acid -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Cortical Synchronization -- drug effects KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Frontal Lobe -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- psychology KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- physiopathology KW - Cocaine -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71890222?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Adaptation+to+repeated+cocaine+administration+in+rats.&rft.au=Binienda%2C+Zbigniew+K%3BPereira%2C+Frederico%3BAlper%2C+Kenneth%3BSlikker%2C+William%3BAli%2C+Syed+F&rft.aulast=Binienda&rft.aufirst=Zbigniew&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=965&rft.issue=&rft.spage=172&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ten-year update on mortality among mild-steel welders. AN - 71879652; 12109555 AB - This study is an update on the lung cancer risk of mild-steel welders with no asbestos exposure using a cohort of nonwelders for comparison. The subjects came from three United States (US) plants that manufactured heavy equipment. The follow-up was extended from 1988 to 1998. The welders were not exposed to asbestos (typical of shipyard welders) or to chromium or nickel (present in stainless steel). There were 108 lung cancer deaths among the welders and 128 such deaths among the nonwelders (double the previous number of lung cancer deaths). The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for lung cancer was 1.46 [95% confidence interval (95% CI 1.20-1.76] for the welders and 1.18 (95% CI 0.98-1.40) for the nonwelders, both in comparison with the US general population. Direct comparison between the welders and nonwelders yielded a rate ratio of 1.22 (95% CI 0.93-1.59). Analyses using a 15-year lag time did not differ greatly from those of an unlagged analysis. There were no marked trends for lung cancer risk by duration of exposure or latency. Evidence from cross-sectional data from a sample of the cohort indicated that the welders smoked somewhat more than the US population and more than the nonwelders. An approximate adjustment of the rate ratios for possible confounding by smoking suggested that smoking may have accounted for about half of the excess lung cancer observed among the welders versus that of either reference population. CONCLUSIONS These data provide suggestive but not conclusive evidence of a modest lung cancer risk from mild-steel welding. JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Steenland, Kyle AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45226, USA. nsteenland@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 163 EP - 167 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Steel KW - 12597-69-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Reference Values KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Poisson Distribution KW - Risk Assessment KW - Age Distribution KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- mortality KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Middle Aged KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- mortality KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Survival Analysis KW - Lung Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Welding -- statistics & numerical data KW - Steel -- adverse effects KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Cause of Death KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71879652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Ten-year+update+on+mortality+among+mild-steel+welders.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+Kyle&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of H-ras codon 61 CAA to AAA mutation during mouse liver tumor progression. AN - 71859562; 12082015 AB - The initiating mutations of a tumor are present in each of the cancerous cells comprising the tumor. Identification and measurement of the subsequent mutations that occur during tumor progression, however, requires mutation detection in a smaller subset of the tumor cells. In this study, allele-specific competitive blocker PCR (ACB-PCR), a genotypic selection method with the sensitivity to detect a specific point mutation in the presence of a 10(5)-fold excess of wild-type DNA sequence, was used to measure H-ras codon 61 CAA to AAA mutation in mouse liver tumors that did not have this mutation as an initiating event. Twenty-one spontaneous or chemically induced mouse liver tumors, negative for the H-ras codon 61 CAA to AAA mutation by DNA sequencing or denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, were analyzed for this mutation by ACB-PCR. The mutation was detected at some level in 71% of these tumors. The mutation was detected in adenomas and carcinomas more frequently (13 of 14 tumors) and at significantly higher mutant fractions than it was detected in histiocytic sarcomas (1 of 5 tumors). These data indicate that the same oncogenic point mutation that can be identified as a tumor-initiating event based on its clonal amplification in a tumor can also be present in only a small sub-population of tumor cells where the mutation must have been fixed at a later stage in tumor development. The occurrence of a mutation as a primary or secondary event probably reflects the stochastic nature of mutation and is likely to be affected by the mutation rate for each target site. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Parsons, Barbara L AU - Culp, Sandra J AU - Manjanatha, Mugimane G AU - Heflich, Robert H AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology and Division of Biochemical Toxicology, HFT-120, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. bparsons@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 943 EP - 948 VL - 23 IS - 6 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Codon KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - Coal Tar KW - 8007-45-2 KW - Cytosine KW - 8J337D1HZY KW - Adenine KW - JAC85A2161 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- genetics KW - Animals KW - Disease Progression KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Mice KW - Genes, ras -- genetics KW - Codon -- genetics KW - Point Mutation KW - Liver Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Liver Neoplasms -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71859562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+H-ras+codon+61+CAA+to+AAA+mutation+during+mouse+liver+tumor+progression.&rft.au=Parsons%2C+Barbara+L%3BCulp%2C+Sandra+J%3BManjanatha%2C+Mugimane+G%3BHeflich%2C+Robert+H&rft.aulast=Parsons&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=943&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-31 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recalls of foods containing undeclared allergens reported to the US Food and Drug Administration, fiscal year 1999. AN - 71810296; 12063535 AB - Food recalls can play a role in preventing or reducing the number of allergic reactions that may occur after a product containing an undeclared allergen has been introduced into commerce. We sought to summarize the US Food and Drug Administration's records of recalls classified for fiscal year 1999 involving foods containing undeclared allergens. Food and Drug Administration food recall records were reviewed for fiscal year 1999 to identify recalls that occurred because of the undeclared presence of one or more of the following allergens: milk, eggs, fish, wheat, crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, and soy. Each record was reviewed to determine the recalled product, the undeclared allergen present, the reason for recall, and reported adverse events. Of 659 total food products classified for recall during fiscal year 1999, 236 (36%) products were recalled because they contained one or more undeclared allergens. Consumers were the party most often responsible for identifying that an undeclared allergen was present in a product (56% of recalled products). A total of 34 consumers reported allergic reactions after consumption of the recalled products. Three principal factors contributed to the presence of undeclared allergens in the recalled products: ingredient-statement omissions and errors (51% of all recalled products); manufacturing equipment cross-contact (40%); and errors by ingredient suppliers or manufacturing firm employees (5%). The presence of undeclared allergens in food products represents one of the more common reasons for food-product recall in the United States. A number of well-recognized allergens may be introduced into foods as a result of several different factors. JF - The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology AU - Vierk, Katherine AU - Falci, Kenneth AU - Wolyniak, Cecilia AU - Klontz, Karl C AD - US Food and Drug Administration's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, Md 20740-3835, USA. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 1022 EP - 1026 VL - 109 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6749, 0091-6749 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Food Labeling -- standards KW - Consumer Product Safety -- standards KW - Food Hypersensitivity -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71810296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+allergy+and+clinical+immunology&rft.atitle=Recalls+of+foods+containing+undeclared+allergens+reported+to+the+US+Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+fiscal+year+1999.&rft.au=Vierk%2C+Katherine%3BFalci%2C+Kenneth%3BWolyniak%2C+Cecilia%3BKlontz%2C+Karl+C&rft.aulast=Vierk&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1022&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+allergy+and+clinical+immunology&rft.issn=00916749&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-30 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002 Jun;109(6):920-2 [12063518] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selective peroxidation and externalization of phosphatidylserine in normal human epidermal keratinocytes during oxidative stress induced by cumene hydroperoxide. AN - 71806591; 12060396 AB - Reactive oxygen species not only modulate important signal transduction pathways, but also induce DNA damage and cytotoxicity in keratinocytes. Hydrogen peroxide and organic peroxides are particularly important as these chemicals are widely used in dermally applied cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, and also represent endogenous metabolic intermediates. Lipid peroxidation is of fundamental interest in the cellular response to peroxides, as lipids are extremely sensitive to oxidation and lipid-based signaling systems have been implicated in a number of cellular processes, including apoptosis. Oxidation of specific phospholipid classes was measured in normal human epidermal keratinocytes exposed to cumene hydroperoxide after metabolic incorporation of the fluorescent oxidation-sensitive fatty acid, cis-parinaric acid, using a fluorescence high-performance liquid chromatography assay. In addition, lipid oxidation was correlated with changes in membrane phospholipid asymmetry and other markers of apoptosis. Although cumene hydroperoxide produced significant oxidation of cis-parinaric acid in all phospholipid classes, one phospholipid, phosphatidylserine, appeared to be preferentially oxidized above all other species. Using fluorescamine derivatization and annexin V binding it was observed that specific oxidation of phosphatidylserine was accompanied by phosphatidylserine translocation from the inner to the outer plasma membrane surface where it may serve as a recognition signal for interaction with phagocytic macrophages. These effects occurred much earlier than any detectable changes in other apoptotic markers such as caspase-3 activation, DNA fragmentation, or changes in nuclear morphology. Thus, normal human epidermal keratinocytes undergo profound lipid oxidation with preference for phosphatidylserine followed by phosphatidylserine externalization upon exposure to cumene hydroperoxide. It is therefore likely that normal human epidermal keratinocytes exposed to similar oxidative stress in vivo would under go phosphatidylserine oxidation/translocation. This would make them targets for macrophage recognition and phagocytosis, and thus limit their potential to invoke inflammation or give rise to neoplastic transformations. JF - The Journal of investigative dermatology AU - Shvedova, Anna A AU - Tyurina, Julia Y AU - Kawai, Kazuaki AU - Tyurin, Vladimir A AU - Kommineni, Choudari AU - Castranova, Vincent AU - Fabisiak, James P AU - Kagan, Valerian E AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, NIOSH, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. ats1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 1008 EP - 1018 VL - 118 IS - 6 SN - 0022-202X, 0022-202X KW - Benzene Derivatives KW - 0 KW - Fatty Acids, Unsaturated KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - Oxidants KW - Peroxides KW - Phosphatidylcholines KW - Phosphatidylserines KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds KW - 1-palmitoyl-2-parinaroylphosphatidylcholine KW - 82188-63-4 KW - CASP3 protein, human KW - EC 3.4.22.- KW - Caspase 3 KW - Caspases KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - cumene hydroperoxide KW - PG7JD54X4I KW - parinaric acid KW - PK8M3ENX8C KW - Index Medicus KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Apoptosis -- physiology KW - Epidermis -- cytology KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Caspases -- metabolism KW - Oxidative Stress -- physiology KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Adult KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects KW - Microscopy, Electron KW - Cell Survival -- physiology KW - Benzene Derivatives -- pharmacology KW - Peroxides -- metabolism KW - Oxidants -- pharmacology KW - Phosphatidylserines -- metabolism KW - Keratinocytes -- ultrastructure KW - Keratinocytes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71806591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+investigative+dermatology&rft.atitle=Selective+peroxidation+and+externalization+of+phosphatidylserine+in+normal+human+epidermal+keratinocytes+during+oxidative+stress+induced+by+cumene+hydroperoxide.&rft.au=Shvedova%2C+Anna+A%3BTyurina%2C+Julia+Y%3BKawai%2C+Kazuaki%3BTyurin%2C+Vladimir+A%3BKommineni%2C+Choudari%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent%3BFabisiak%2C+James+P%3BKagan%2C+Valerian+E&rft.aulast=Shvedova&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1008&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+investigative+dermatology&rft.issn=0022202X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Counting coin and paper currency: were reported health problems related to the work environment? AN - 71793100; 12049426 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Kiefer, Max AU - Delaney, Lisa AD - Atlanta Regional Office of the Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance Branch of NIOSH, USA. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 389 EP - 397 VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Metals KW - Index Medicus KW - Recreation KW - Humans KW - Air Movements KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- adverse effects KW - Metals -- adverse effects KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Commerce KW - Manufactured Materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71793100?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Counting+coin+and+paper+currency%3A+were+reported+health+problems+related+to+the+work+environment%3F&rft.au=Kiefer%2C+Max%3BDelaney%2C+Lisa&rft.aulast=Kiefer&rft.aufirst=Max&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatile metabolites produced by three strains of Stachybotrys chartarum cultivated on rice and gypsum board. AN - 71792537; 12049433 AB - Stachybotrys chartarum (atra) is a toxigenic fungus frequently found in water-damaged buildings. Although microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) produced by Aspergillus, Penicillium, and other fungi have been investigated extensively, little information exists on what MVOCs can be produced by S. chartarum. In this study, three strains of S. chartarum isolated from water-damaged residential homes in Cleveland, Ohio, were cultivated on rice and gypsum board. Air samples were collected after one, two, three, four, and six weeks of cultivation using Tenax TA tubes. Unique MVOCs were determined and other alcohols, ketones, and terpenes were also investigated using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry after thermal desorption from the sampling tube. Four unique MVOCs, 1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-2-butanol, and thujopsene, were detected on rice cultures, and only one of them (1-butanol) was detected on gypsum board cultures. For a given strain, volatiles were considerably different with different cultivation media. Concentration profiles of the volatile compounds varied among compounds; however, each compound exhibited corresponding concentration trends between the strains. In comparison with our previous studies of five Aspergillus species on gypsum board under the same experimental conditions, fewer unique MVOCs were produced by S. chartarum, and they were quite different. It thus may be possible to use marker-unique MVOCs as a fingerprint to distinguish fungi in indoor environments once enough information becomes available. Our findings also indicate that volatiles produced by S. chartarum may represent a relatively small fraction of the total volatiles present in problem buildings where Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., and other fungi usually coexist. JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Gao, Pengfei AU - Martin, Jennifer AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 430 EP - 436 VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Dental Materials KW - Organic Chemicals KW - Calcium Sulfate KW - WAT0DDB505 KW - Index Medicus KW - Housing KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Oryza KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Volatilization KW - Manufactured Materials KW - Stachybotrys -- chemistry KW - Stachybotrys -- pathogenicity KW - Organic Chemicals -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71792537?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Volatile+metabolites+produced+by+three+strains+of+Stachybotrys+chartarum+cultivated+on+rice+and+gypsum+board.&rft.au=Gao%2C+Pengfei%3BMartin%2C+Jennifer&rft.aulast=Gao&rft.aufirst=Pengfei&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=430&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - I-BEAM--an innovative building air quality software tool. AN - 71790313; 12049429 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Daniels, William AU - Miller, Aubrey AD - U S Public Health Service, Region VIII, Denver, CO 80294-3538, USA. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 406 EP - 408 VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Occupational Health KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Humans KW - Facility Design and Construction KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Internet KW - Software KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- prevention & control KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71790313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=I-BEAM--an+innovative+building+air+quality+software+tool.&rft.au=Daniels%2C+William%3BMiller%2C+Aubrey&rft.aulast=Daniels&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=406&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational monitoring of particulate diesel exhaust by NIOSH method 5040. AN - 71790043; 12049428 AB - NMAM 5040 is a particulate carbon method based on a thermal-optical analysis technique. The method was evaluated and published as a method for monitoring occupational exposures to particulate diesel exhaust, but it is applicable to particulate carbon aerosols in general, and has been routinely used in both occupational and environmental settings. Both organic and elemental carbon are determined, but EC is a more selective measure of workplace diesel exposure. In previous studies, good agreement between TC results obtained by different methods has been achieved, but the OC-EC results for different methods have been quite variable. Although a reference material is not currently available to test the accuracy of different methods, previous studies indicate that purely thermal methods are subject to positive bias from organic materials that char. Charring and inadequate removal of refractory OC components during the nonoxidative mode (typically 550 degrees C in nitrogen) likely explain the positive bias of thermal methods, as well as the large variability across methods. These interferences may be negligible in some cases (e.g., samples from mines), but they present significant biases in others (e.g., urban air samples, samples containing wood or cigarette smokes). Good interlaboratory agreement was obtained in a round robin comparison between six laboratories that used NMAM 5040, which was not the case with purely thermal methods. Good agreement has also been seen in smaller-scale comparisons conducted for quality assurance purposes. Until a suitable reference material becomes available, such comparisons are recommended as part of a laboratory's QA procedures. At present, five commercial laboratories (4 in the United States and 1 in Canada) perform the 5040 analysis, and over 40 instruments are in use globally for environmental and occupational monitoring. JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Birch, M Eileen AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 400 EP - 405 VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - 0 KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reference Values KW - Optics and Photonics KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Calibration KW - Carbon -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Vehicle Emissions -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71790043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Occupational+monitoring+of+particulate+diesel+exhaust+by+NIOSH+method+5040.&rft.au=Birch%2C+M+Eileen&rft.aulast=Birch&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=400&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical pharmacology of antimicrobial use in humans and animals. AN - 71779041; 12043947 AB - Veterinary public health is a frontier in the fight against human disease, charged to control and eradicate zoonotic diseases that are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and man. Currently there is a need for clinical pharmacologists and all health care givers to limit the development of bacterial resistance in humans to contain the increased health care expenditures related to morbidity and mortality associated with the use of antimicrobials. The development of resistance predates the use of antibiotics and will always be a problem to the successful treatment of patients. Ongoing discussion debates the extent to which antibiotic use in animals contributes to the development of antibiotic resistance in humans. The veterinary use ofantibiotics as antimicrobial growth promoters is thought to influence the prevalence of resistance in animal bacteria and to be a risk factor for the emergence of antibiotic resistance in human pathogens. Transfer of antibiotic resistant bacteria from animals to humans may occur via contact, including occupational exposure and via the food chain. Resistance genes may transferfrom bacteria of animals to human pathogens in the intestinal flora of humans. Prevention of the development of resistance in humans necessitates good animal husbandry and hygienic measures to prevent cross contamination and a decrease in the use of antibiotics. Appropriate use of antibiotics for food animals will preserve the long-term efficacy of existing antibiotics, support animal health and welfare, and limit the risk of transfer of antibiotic resistance to humans. Investigators must also develop new antimicrobial agents. Poole (J Pharmacy Pharmacol 2001;53:283) recommends targeting the three predominate mechanisms of development of resistance by antimicrobials (i.e., antibiotic inactivation, target site modification, and altered uptake via restricted entry and/or enhanced efflux) to specifically complement the development of novel agents with novel bacterial targets. Bacterial resistance and its selection may be evaluated by comparing the relationship to antibiotic pharmacokinetic (PK) values obtained from serum concentrations and organism MICs (minimum inhibitory concentrations; concentration-dependent killing) to reveal culture and sensitivity tests in patients. Pharmacodynamic (PD) models may be developed to identify factors associated with the probability that bacterial resistance will develop. Thomas et al (Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy 1998;42:521) used this combined approach of PK/PD and MICs to examine data retrospectively. The role of clinical pharmacology is to work with PK/PD models such as these to determine the best use of antibiotics in humans to minimize the development of resistance. The role of any regulatory body responsible for the protection of the public health and food safety for consumers is to assess risk and to then communicate and manage the risk. Scientific uncertainty must be interpreted to propose sound policy options. The conversion of sound science into an appropriate regulatory policy to protect the public health is most important. JF - Journal of clinical pharmacology AU - Lathers, Claire M AD - Center of Veterinary Medicine, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20855, USA. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 587 EP - 600 VL - 42 IS - 6 SN - 0091-2700, 0091-2700 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ecosystem KW - Animals KW - Public Health KW - Food Microbiology KW - Drug Resistance, Bacterial KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Water Microbiology KW - Drug Design KW - Intestines -- microbiology KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71779041?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Clinical+pharmacology+of+antimicrobial+use+in+humans+and+animals.&rft.au=Lathers%2C+Claire+M&rft.aulast=Lathers&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=587&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00912700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-15 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of reported and expected deaths in sildenafil (Viagra) users. AN - 71719288; 12031744 JF - The American journal of cardiology AU - Wysowski, Diane K AU - Farinas, Evelyn AU - Swartz, Lynette AD - Office of Drug Safety, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. wysowski@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/06/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 01 SP - 1331 EP - 1334 VL - 89 IS - 11 SN - 0002-9149, 0002-9149 KW - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Piperazines KW - Purines KW - Sulfones KW - Sildenafil Citrate KW - BW9B0ZE037 KW - 3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases KW - EC 3.1.4.35 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Myocardial Infarction -- mortality KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - 3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors -- administration & dosage KW - Mortality KW - Piperazines -- adverse effects KW - Piperazines -- administration & dosage KW - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71719288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+cardiology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+reported+and+expected+deaths+in+sildenafil+%28Viagra%29+users.&rft.au=Wysowski%2C+Diane+K%3BFarinas%2C+Evelyn%3BSwartz%2C+Lynette&rft.aulast=Wysowski&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+cardiology&rft.issn=00029149&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-20 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Silicosis in Sandblasters: A Case Study Adapted for Use in U.S. High Schools. NIOSH Case Study in Occupational Epidemiology. AN - 62200824; ED470797 AB - This document presents a case study of silicosis in sandblasters that has been adapted for instructional use in U.S. high schools. The primary objective of the case study is to teach students about epidemiology by studying an occupational hazard, disease associated with the hazard, and methods for preventing the disease. The introduction offers background information on the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, discuses the incidence and effects of silicosis in U.S. workers, and lists the five behavioral objectives addressed in the case study. Presented next is a glossary of 35 terms related to epidemiology and silicosis. The next three sections consist of 10 questions and answers on the following topics: how epidemiologists traced the cause of a outbreak of silicosis in Texas; silica's properties and possible dangers; the types, symptoms, and effects of silicosis; the number of workers exposed to dust containing crystalline silica; the fields of occupational health that protect workers from occupational hazards; engineering controls, work practices, and protective devices used to protect workers from silica; other steps to detect and control silicosis in the workplace; steps workers can take to reduce exposure to silica and prevent silicosis; and additional sources of information about preventing silicosis. Ten suggested readings and five resource organizations are listed. (MN) AU - Malit, Bonita D. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 27 PB - NIOSH Publications, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Mail Stop C-13, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998. Tel: 1-800-356-4674 (Toll Free); Tel: 513-533-8471; Fax: 513-533-8573; e-mail: pubstaft@cdc.gov; Web site: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh. For full text: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2002-105/2002-105.html. KW - Occupational Safety and Health Act 1970 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Students KW - Integrated Curriculum KW - Glossaries KW - Case Studies KW - Health Promotion KW - Disease Control KW - Safety Education KW - Prevention KW - Allied Health Occupations Education KW - Federal Legislation KW - Hazardous Materials KW - Epidemiology KW - Occupational Safety and Health KW - High Schools KW - Definitions KW - Behavioral Objectives KW - Occupational Diseases KW - Vocational Education KW - Hygiene KW - Fused Curriculum KW - Building Trades UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62200824?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Thomas J. Lentz, Gregory Loos and Faye L. Rice als N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Meeting the Health Care Needs of Persons with Disabilities AN - 61532332; 200301335 AB - The Agency for Healthcare Research & Quality (AHRQ) has established the Office of Priority Populations Research & is currently developing a research agenda to improve health care for persons with disability (PWDs). This article describes the background of & potential for the AHRQ disability agenda & some of the challenges ahead & considers future directions for disability-related health services research. Strategies for this agenda might include ensuring the inclusion of PWDs in current & future health care research studies & database development; support for studies & data focusing exclusively on PWDs; & support for studies of the challenges common to all or most of the priority populations. 25 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - The Milbank Quarterly AU - Clancy, Carolyn M AU - Andresen, Elena M AD - Agency Healthcare Research & Quality, Rockville, MD cclancy@ahrq.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 381 EP - 391 VL - 80 IS - 2 SN - 0887-378X, 0887-378X KW - Handicapped KW - Health Research KW - Health Care Services KW - article KW - 6131: mental & physical disabilities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61532332?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Milbank+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Meeting+the+Health+Care+Needs+of+Persons+with+Disabilities&rft.au=Clancy%2C+Carolyn+M%3BAndresen%2C+Elena+M&rft.aulast=Clancy&rft.aufirst=Carolyn&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Milbank+Quarterly&rft.issn=0887378X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - MIQUES N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Health Research; Health Care Services; Handicapped ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exploring Similarity between Peer Educators and Their Contacts and AIDS-Protective Behaviours in Reproductive Health Programmes for Adolescents and Young Adults in Ghana AN - 61495412; 200300504 AB - To examine interpersonal communication in the context of peer education, this study tested a new approach using multiple semistructured interviews & network analysis to collect data from 106 peer educators & 526 of their contacts at three sites in Ghana during 1998, in periurban & rural locations & in-school & out-of-school targeted settings. It was found that in their peer counseling & peer promotion activities, peer educators tend to reach people who are like themselves; however, this trend is not uniform & varies by demographic characteristics & cultural environment. By examining the social networks of peer educators, it is possible to gain a better understanding of the process of peer education counseling in the context in which it occurs. The study also shows that controlling for other factors, contacts of peer educators who are highly similar regarding age, sex, ethnicity, & school status, are 1.74 times more likely to have done something to protect themselves from AIDS in the past three months. The results have relevance for program managers & planners, researchers, & international agencies serving youth. 2 Tables, 1 Figure, 29 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - AIDS Care AU - Wolf, R Cameron AU - Bond, K C AD - HIV/AIDS Bureau, Health Resources & Services Administration, Rockville, MD cwolf@hrsa.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 361 EP - 373 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0954-0121, 0954-0121 KW - Ghana KW - Educational Programs KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Social Networks KW - Health Behavior KW - Peer Relations KW - Young Adults KW - Health Education KW - Adolescents KW - article KW - 6126: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) KW - 6124: health care promotion/education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61495412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+Care&rft.atitle=Exploring+Similarity+between+Peer+Educators+and+Their+Contacts+and+AIDS-Protective+Behaviours+in+Reproductive+Health+Programmes+for+Adolescents+and+Young+Adults+in+Ghana&rft.au=Wolf%2C+R+Cameron%3BBond%2C+K+C&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+Care&rft.issn=09540121&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F09540120220123748 LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - AIDCEF N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Peer Relations; Educational Programs; Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Health Behavior; Health Education; Adolescents; Young Adults; Ghana; Social Networks DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120220123748 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Goitrogenic and estrogenic activity of soy isoflavones. AN - 21259776; 11704131 AB - Soy is known to produce estrogenic isoflavones. Here, we briefly review the evidence for binding of isoflavones to the estrogen receptor, in vivo estrogenicity and developmental toxicity, and estrogen developmental carcinogenesis in rats. Genistein, the major soy isoflavone, also has a frank estrogenic effect in women. We then focus on evidence from animal and human studies suggesting a link between soy consumption and goiter, an activity independent of estrogenicity. Iodine deficiency greatly increases soy antithyroid effects, whereas iodine supplementation is protective. Thus, soy effects on the thyroid involve the critical relationship between iodine status and thyroid function. In rats consuming genistein-fortified diets, genistein was measured in the thyroid at levels that produced dose-dependent and significant inactivation of rat and human thyroid peroxidase (TPO) in vitro. Furthermore, rat TPO activity was dose-dependently reduced by up to 80%. Although these effects are clear and reproducible, other measures of thyroid function in vivo (serum levels of triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone; thyroid weight; and thyroid histopathology) were all normal. Additional factors appear necessary for soy to cause overt thyroid toxicity. These clearly include iodine deficiency but may also include additional soy components, other defects of hormone synthesis, or additional goitrogenic dietary factors. Although safety testing of natural products, including soy products, is not required, the possibility that widely consumed soy products may cause harm in the human population via either or both estrogenic and goitrogenic activities is of concern. Rigorous, high-quality experimental and human research into soy toxicity is the best way to address these concerns. Similar studies in wildlife populations are also appropriate. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Doerge, Daniel R AU - Sheehan, Daniel M AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 349 EP - 353 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 110 IS - Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Rats KW - Diets KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Thyroid KW - Iodine KW - Toxicity KW - human populations KW - Hormones KW - estrogens KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21259776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Goitrogenic+and+estrogenic+activity+of+soy+isoflavones.&rft.au=Doerge%2C+Daniel+R%3BSheehan%2C+Daniel+M&rft.aulast=Doerge&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=Suppl+3&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Rats; Carcinogenesis; Thyroid; Iodine; human populations; Toxicity; Hormones; estrogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of Sanitation and Cleaning Methods in a Small Apple Cider Mill AN - 18607920; 5509864 AB - The efficacy of cleaning and sanitation in a small apple cider processing plant was evaluated by surface swab methods as well as microbiological examination of incoming raw ingredients and of the final product. Surface swabs revealed that hard-to-clean areas such as apple mills or tubing for pomace and juice transfer may continue to harbor contaminants even after cleaning and sanitation. Use of poor quality ingredients and poor sanitation led to an increase of approximately 2 logs in aerobic plate counts of the final product. Reuse of uncleaned press cloths contributed to increased microbiological counts in the finished juice. Finally, using apples inoculated with Escherichia coli K-12 in the plant resulted in an established population within the plant that was not removed during normal cleaning and sanitation. The data presented in this study suggest that current sanitary practices within a typical small cider facility are insufficient to remove potential pathogens. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Keller, SE AU - Merker, R I AU - Taylor, K T AU - Tan, H L AU - Melvin, C D AU - Chirtel, S J AU - Miller, A J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Food Safety and Technology, 6502 South Archer Avenue, Summit-Argo, Illinois 60501, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 911 EP - 917 VL - 65 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - fruits KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18607920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+Sanitation+and+Cleaning+Methods+in+a+Small+Apple+Cider+Mill&rft.au=Keller%2C+SE%3BMerker%2C+R+I%3BTaylor%2C+K+T%3BTan%2C+H+L%3BMelvin%2C+C+D%3BChirtel%2C+S+J%3BMiller%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=911&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic diversity of three lgt loci for biosynthesis of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) in Neisseria species AN - 18500076; 5464173 AB - Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) is a major virulence factor of the pathogenic Neisseria. Nine lgt genes at three chromosomal loci (lgt-1, 2, 3) encoding the glycosyltransferases responsible for the biosynthesis of LOS oligosaccharide chains were examined in 26 Neisseria meningitidis, 51 Neisseria gonorrhoeae and 18 commensal Neisseria strains. DNA hybridization, PCR and nucleotide sequence data were compared to previously reported lgt genes. Analysis of the genetic organization of the lgt loci revealed that in N. meningitidis, the lgt-1 and lgt-3 loci were hypervariable genomic regions, whereas the lgt-2 locus was conserved. In N. gonorrhoeae, no variability in the composition or organization of the three lgt loci was observed. lgt genes were detected only in some commensal Neisseria species. The genetic organization of the lgt-1 locus was classified into eight types and the lgt-3 locus was classified into four types. Two types of arrangement at lgt-1 (II and IV) and one type of arrangement at lgt-3 (IV) were novel genetic organizations reported in this study. Based on the three lgt loci, 10 LOS genotypes of N. meningitidis were distinguished. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a gene cluster, lgtH, which separated from the homologous genes lgtB and lgtE. The lgtH and lgtE genes were mutually exclusive and were located at the same position in lgt-1. The data demonstrated that pathogenic and commensal Neisseria share a common lgt gene pool and horizontal gene transfer appears to contribute to the genetic diversity of the lgt loci in Neisseria. JF - Microbiology AU - Zhu, Peixuan AU - Klutch, MJ AU - Bash, M C AU - Tsang, RSW AU - Ng, Lai-King AU - Tsai, Chao-Ming AD - Division of Bacterial, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Zhu@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 1833 EP - 1844 VL - 148 IS - 6 SN - 1350-0872, 1350-0872 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18500076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology&rft.atitle=Genetic+diversity+of+three+lgt+loci+for+biosynthesis+of+lipooligosaccharide+%28LOS%29+in+Neisseria+species&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Peixuan%3BKlutch%2C+MJ%3BBash%2C+M+C%3BTsang%2C+RSW%3BNg%2C+Lai-King%3BTsai%2C+Chao-Ming&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=Peixuan&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=148&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1833&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology&rft.issn=13500872&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence and Risk Factors of Occupational Asthma Among Hairdressers in Turkey AN - 18472288; 5445359 AB - This study was designed to evaluate the questionnaire-based prevalence and possible risk factors of occupational asthma among hairdressers in Turkey. We investigated occupational history and respiratory, ocular, dermal, and nasal symptoms using a standardized questionnaire, evaluated worksite pulmonary function tests, and performed allergen skin testing. We then determined asthma risk factors using age-and gender-adjusted logistic regression models. The prevalence of occupational asthma in hairdressers was 14.6%. The odds ratio for hairdressers in a high work intensity group was 3.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 10.9) with a significant dose-response trend ( chi super(2)b sub(trend) = 4.875; P = 0.027). The odds ratio for occupational asthma among workers with atopy was 4.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 17.2). We also observed an excess risk of occupational asthma with allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis. Occupational asthma did not differ among subgroups of hairdressers. We observed an important risk of occupational asthma among hairdressers. The most prominent risk factors were work intensity and atopy. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Akpinar-Elci, M AU - Cimrin, AH AU - Elci, O C AD - NIOSH Division of Respiratory Diseases Studies, Field Studies Branch MS H-2800, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, mra@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 585 EP - 590 VL - 44 IS - 6 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - conjunctivitis KW - cosmetologists KW - hairdressers KW - man KW - prevalence KW - rhinitis KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18472288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Prevalence+and+Risk+Factors+of+Occupational+Asthma+Among+Hairdressers+in+Turkey&rft.au=Akpinar-Elci%2C+M%3BCimrin%2C+AH%3BElci%2C+O+C&rft.aulast=Akpinar-Elci&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=585&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quality Control of Polyvalent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide-Protein Conjugate Vaccine by Nephelometry AN - 18455867; 5430055 AB - A nephelometric method was used for quantitative analysis of individual polysaccharides (PSs) in a polyvalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine using CRM sub(197) as carrier protein. Using this method, the individual types 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F and 23F PSs were found to range between 82.3 to 119% of the manufacturer's indicated values. During conjugation using reductive amination, pneumococcal PS was first oxidized to introduce aldehyde groups. Higher or lower levels of antigen-antibody reaction were observed in periodate activated and then reduced PS of some serotypes compared to non-treated PS. Use of oxidized and reduced PS may provide an early indication of change in conjugation process. Furthermore, since the final monovalent and polyvalent conjugate vaccines gradually change during the storage period, the nephelometry provides an useful analytical method for stability study of these vaccines. Copyright 2002 The International Association for Biologicals. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. JF - Biologicals AU - Lee, C AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, U.S.A. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 97 EP - 103 PB - Academic Press VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 1045-1056, 1045-1056 KW - CRM197 protein KW - conjugates KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18455867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biologicals&rft.atitle=Quality+Control+of+Polyvalent+Pneumococcal+Polysaccharide-Protein+Conjugate+Vaccine+by+Nephelometry&rft.au=Lee%2C+C&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biologicals&rft.issn=10451056&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fbiol.2001.0320 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/biol.2001.0320 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Mercury Vapor Inhalation on Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Enzymes in Rat Brain and Kidney are Minimal AN - 18419113; 5402551 AB - Metals are known to induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that initiate oxidative stress, an important mechanism of cell injury. The brain is particularly sensitive to oxidative attack because of its high level of unsaturated lipids and high rate of oxidative metabolism. The objective of this study was to determine if elemental mercury (Hg super(0)) vapor inhalation increases ROS production and affects activities or levels of antioxidant-related biomolecules in the rat brain and kidney. Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed for 2 h per day for 11 consecutive days to Hg super(0) vapor (1, 2, and 4 mg Hg super(0) m super(-3)). Brain regions (frontal cortex, cerebellum, brain stem) and kidney were assayed for total Hg, ROS and glutathione (GSH) levels, and for enzyme activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Marked exposure-related increases (2500-5600-fold) in total Hg were detected in the brain regions and in kidney. A statistically significant increase in ROS production (ca. 30% above controls) was observed only in the cortex of rats exposed to 1 mg m super(-3) Hg vapor, but no significant changes were apparent at other exposures. Although a trend towards increasing ROS production was observed in the kidney, these effects were not statistically significant. Mercury vapor exposure had no significant effects on GSH levels or GPx activity in the three brain regions, however, statistically significant decreases in GSH and GPx activity were detected in the kidneys of rats exposed to 2 mg m super(-3). Mercury exposure did not cause significant effects on SOD activity in the brain or kidney. The data indicate that oxidative stress and changes in GSH and activities of antioxidant enzymes do not play a major role in Hg super(0) vapor toxicity in brain and kidney. JF - Journal of Applied Toxicology AU - Goering, P L AU - Morgan, D L AU - Ali, S F AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration (HFZ-112), 12709 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 167 EP - 172 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0260-437X, 0260-437X KW - rats KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - N3 11104:Mammals (except primates) KW - X 24161:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18419113?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Mercury+Vapor+Inhalation+on+Reactive+Oxygen+Species+and+Antioxidant+Enzymes+in+Rat+Brain+and+Kidney+are+Minimal&rft.au=Goering%2C+P+L%3BMorgan%2C+D+L%3BAli%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Goering&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Toxicology&rft.issn=0260437X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fjat.844 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jat.844 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of light scattering and ion chamber responses for the detection of fires in diesel contaminated atmospheres AN - 18327213; 5388305 AB - Experiments were conducted to determine the optical scattering properties of diesel particulate matter (DPM) and various combustion aerosols from both flaming and smoldering combustion sources at discrete angles of 15 degree and 30 degree in the forward direction and at a light source wavelength of 635 nm using a simple light scattering module. In addition to the scattering data, simultaneous measurements were made of the total aerosol mass concentration; light extinction at an average wavelength of 546 nm; and the response of a common bipolar ion chamber typical of residential smoke detectors modified to allow the aerosols to flow through the chamber. The results of these experiments indicate, for DPM and combustion aerosols, the intensities per unit mass concentration depend not only upon whether the aerosol is DPM or combustion aerosol but also upon the type of combustion aerosol. The results also indicate that the ion chamber responses are greatest for DPM, followed by the response to flaming combustion aerosols (FCA) and lowest for smoldering combustion aerosols (SCA). For light scattering, the greatest intensities are found for SCA, followed by the intensities from FCA, and lowest for DPM. This report describes the experiments, their results, and the use of these results to develop design criteria for early warning fire sensors capable of the rapid and reliable detection of fires in atmospheres that may or may not be contaminated by the products produced from diesel engines. JF - Fire Safety Journal AU - Litton, C D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Center, Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA, chl3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 409 EP - 425 VL - 37 IS - 4 SN - 0379-7112, 0379-7112 KW - smoke detectors KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Light scattering KW - Technology KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18327213?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fire+Safety+Journal&rft.atitle=The+use+of+light+scattering+and+ion+chamber+responses+for+the+detection+of+fires+in+diesel+contaminated+atmospheres&rft.au=Litton%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Litton&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=409&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fire+Safety+Journal&rft.issn=03797112&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Technology; Light scattering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aluminum salts in vaccines--US perspective. AN - 72013831; 12184360 AB - Aluminum in the form of aluminum hydroxide, aluminum phosphate or alum has been commonly used as an adjuvant in many vaccines licensed by the US Food and Drug Administration. Chapter 21 of the US Code of Federal Regulations [610.15(a)] limits the amount of aluminum in biological products, including vaccines, to 0.85 mg/dose. The amount of aluminum in vaccines currently licensed in the US ranges from 0.85-0.125 mg/dose. Clinical studies have demonstrated that aluminum enhances the antigenicity of some vaccines such as diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. Moreover, aluminum-adsorbed diphtheria and tetanus toxoids are distinctly more effective than plain fluid toxoids for primary immunization of children. There is little difference between plain and adsorbed toxoids for booster immunization. Aluminum adjuvants have a demonstrated safety profile of over six decades; however, these adjuvants have been associated with severe local reactions such as erythema, subcutaneous nodules and contact hypersensitivity. JF - Vaccine AU - Baylor, Norman W AU - Egan, William AU - Richman, Paul AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Bethesda, MD, USA. baylor@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/05/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 31 SP - S18 EP - S23 VL - 20 Suppl 3 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic KW - 0 KW - Vaccines KW - Aluminum KW - CPD4NFA903 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Aluminum -- adverse effects KW - Vaccines -- immunology KW - Aluminum -- pharmacology KW - Vaccines -- analysis KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic -- pharmacology KW - Aluminum -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72013831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Aluminum+salts+in+vaccines--US+perspective.&rft.au=Baylor%2C+Norman+W%3BEgan%2C+William%3BRichman%2C+Paul&rft.aulast=Baylor&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft.date=2002-05-31&rft.volume=20+Suppl+3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Vaccine. 2002 Sep 10;20(27-28):3428 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New drug and biological drug products; evidence needed to demonstrate effectiveness of new drugs when human efficacy studies are not ethical or feasible. Final rule. AN - 71791895; 12049094 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is amending its new drug and biological product regulations to allow appropriate studies in animals in certain cases to provide substantial evidence of the effectiveness of new drug and biological products used to reduce or prevent the toxicity of chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear substances. This rule will apply when adequate and well-controlled clinical studies in humans cannot be ethically conducted and field efficacy studies are not feasible. In these situations, certain new drug and biological products that are intended to reduce or prevent serious or life-threatening conditions may be approved for marketing based on evidence of effectiveness derived from appropriate studies in animals and any additional supporting data. JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2002/05/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 31 SP - 37988 EP - 37998 VL - 67 IS - 105 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Biological Products KW - 0 KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations KW - Bioethics KW - Health technology assessment KW - Biomedical and Behavioral Research KW - Legal Approach KW - United States KW - Toxicity Tests -- veterinary KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Ethics, Medical KW - Toxicity Tests -- ethics KW - Drug Labeling KW - Drug Approval -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Drug Approval -- methods KW - Biological Products -- adverse effects KW - Drug Evaluation -- methods KW - Drug Evaluation -- ethics KW - Drug Evaluation -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Human Experimentation -- ethics KW - Human Experimentation -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71791895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=New+drug+and+biological+drug+products%3B+evidence+needed+to+demonstrate+effectiveness+of+new+drugs+when+human+efficacy+studies+are+not+ethical+or+feasible.+Final+rule.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2002-05-31&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=105&rft.spage=37988&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of rare K-ras codon 12 mutations using allele-specific competitive blocker PCR AN - 18445179; 5422703 AB - Allele-specific competitive blocker PCR (ACB-PCR) is a sensitive allele-specific amplification method in which preferential amplification of the mutant allele occurs by using a primer that has more mismatches to the wild-type allele than to the mutant allele (mutant-specific primer, MSP). Additionally, a non-extendable primer with more mismatches to the mutant allele than to the wild-type allele (blocker primer, BP) competes with the MSP for binding to the wild-type allele, thereby reducing background amplification from the wild-type allele. ACB-PCR primer design is largely dependent upon the basepair substitution being measured, making it unclear if this method is broadly applicable. In an earlier study, an H-ras codon 61 CAAAAA mutation had been detected by ACB-PCR at a sensitivity of 10-5 . In this study, ACB-PCR was applied to two human K-ras codon 12 mutations: GGTGTT and GGTGAT. The method was optimized by systematically altering the concentrations of Perfect Match PCR Enhancer, MSP, BP, and dNTPs. For each mutation, mutant fractions as low as 10-5 were detected, indicating that this assay can be used on a variety of base substitution mutations. In addition, the results suggest that the 3-terminal mismatches between the MSP and wild-type allele may be used to predict the ACB-PCR conditions that will be appropriate for the detection of other base substitution mutations. The range of concentrations for each of these components is narrow, making this method relatively easy to apply to additional mutational targets. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - McKinzie, P B AU - Parsons, B L AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, HFT-120, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, pmckinzie@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/05/27/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 27 SP - 209 EP - 220 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 517 IS - 1-2 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - Allele-specific competitive blocker polymerase chain reaction KW - ras gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - G 07220:General theory/testing systems KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18445179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Detection+of+rare+K-ras+codon+12+mutations+using+allele-specific+competitive+blocker+PCR&rft.au=McKinzie%2C+P+B%3BParsons%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=McKinzie&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-05-27&rft.volume=517&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Status of certain additional over-the-counter drug category II and III active ingredients. Final rule. AN - 71670728; 12001971 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing a final rule stating that a certain ingredient in over-the-counter (OTC) drug products is not generally recognized as safe and effective or is misbranded. FDA is issuing this final rule after considering the reports and recommendations of various OTC drug advisory review panels and public comments on proposed agency regulations. This final rule addresses the ingredient octoxynol 9, considered in the rulemaking for OTC vaginal contraceptive drug products. Based on the failure of interested parties to submit new data or information to FDA under the proposed regulation, the agency has determined that the presence of this active ingredient in an OTC drug product would result in that drug product not being generally recognized as safe and effective for its intended use or would result in misbranding. This final rule is part of FDA's ongoing OTC drug product review. JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2002/05/09/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 09 SP - 31123 EP - 31125 VL - 67 IS - 90 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Contraceptive Agents, Female KW - 0 KW - Nonprescription Drugs KW - Spermatocidal Agents KW - Octoxynol KW - 9002-93-1 KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Drug Approval -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Spermatocidal Agents -- classification KW - Humans KW - Drug Labeling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Drug Labeling -- classification KW - Nonprescription Drugs -- classification KW - Contraceptive Agents, Female -- classification KW - Consumer Product Safety -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Octoxynol -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71670728?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Status+of+certain+additional+over-the-counter+drug+category+II+and+III+active+ingredients.+Final+rule.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2002-05-09&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=90&rft.spage=31123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and characterization of an erythromycin esterase from an erythromycin-resistant Pseudomonas sp. AN - 18446222; 5422628 AB - An erythromycin esterase (molecular mass 51200 Da) was purified from Pseudomonas sp. GD100, which was isolated from a salmon hatchery sediment sample from Washington State. The pI of the protein was 4.5-4.8. The enzyme was inhibited by 1 mM mercuric acid, and had the substrate specificity for structurally related 14-membered macrolides, which decreased in the order of oleandomycin, erythromycin A and erythromycin A enol ether. The activity for erythromycin A varied with temperature, but the effect of pH was minimal at pH 6.0-9.0. The half-life of the enzyme was estimated to be 8.9 h at 35 degree C and 0.23 h at 55 degree C, and the activation energy of the catalytic reaction of erythromycin A was estimated at 16.2 kJ mol-1 . JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Kim, Y AU - Cha, C AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, ccerniglia@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/05/07/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 07 SP - 239 EP - 244 PB - Federation of European Microbiological Societies VL - 210 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - erythromycin A enol ether KW - erythromycin esterase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18446222?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Purification+and+characterization+of+an+erythromycin+esterase+from+an+erythromycin-resistant+Pseudomonas+sp.&rft.au=Kim%2C+Y%3BCha%2C+C%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2002-05-07&rft.volume=210&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variation among Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains relative to their growth, survival, thermal inactivation, and toxin production in broth. AN - 71692948; 11999109 AB - To estimate the potential outcomes of food processing on the fate of foodborne pathogens. variations in microbial parameters such as growth rate, survival time, thermal inactivation time, and toxin production must be known. Previous microbial studies using single strains or cocktails provide error estimates for the uncertainty of the experimental and statistical procedures, but not for variations among strains. In this study, the behavior of 17 strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 were followed when placed in synthetic media that permitted growth, survival, or thermal inactivation. The parameter values were not rejected as being normal, lognormal, gamma, or Weibull distributions. The ratio of the standard deviation to mean (normal distribution) for the exponential growth rate was 0.16 and for the lag phase duration, it was 0.38. The ratios of times to achieve a 4-log10 reduction at two survival conditions were 0.39 and 0.46; ratios of thermal D values at 55 and 60 degrees C were 0.42 and 0.33, respectively. The ratio of the negative log10 of toxin production was 0.24. These distributions are larger than the coefficient of variations observed for experimental errors in single strain and cocktail experiments. This indicates the limitations in precision that predictions of future population numbers can have when the potential presence of all strains needs to be considered. This variation among strains is applicable whether predictions are made by traditional subjective and point estimates or by using models and risk assessments. JF - International journal of food microbiology AU - Whiting, R C AU - Golden, M H AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. richard.whiting@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/05/05/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 05 SP - 127 EP - 133 VL - 75 IS - 1-2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hot Temperature KW - Food Microbiology KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Models, Biological KW - Bacterial Toxins -- metabolism KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- metabolism KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71692948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.atitle=Variation+among+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+strains+relative+to+their+growth%2C+survival%2C+thermal+inactivation%2C+and+toxin+production+in+broth.&rft.au=Whiting%2C+R+C%3BGolden%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Whiting&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-05-05&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-30 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NF-B, a pivotal transcription factor in silica-induced diseases AN - 860389837; 13862147 AB - Inhalation of silica in a number of occupational settings can result in debilitating and costly lung disease. It is thought that the pathological replacement of functional lung tissue with fibrotic lesions in silica-induced lung disease is the result of chronic inflammation mediated by products of the silica-exposed alveolar macrophage. In particular, inflammatory cytokines, growth factors and reactive oxygen species have been implicated in many acute and chronic inflammatory lung diseases. Pharmacological intervention to modify the production of these mediators has been shown to ameliorate several of these disease processes. Recent studies have demonstrated that the production of these inflammatory mediators is altered as a result of the activation of nuclear factor-B (NF-B). NF-B is a pivotal transcription factor activated by silica in macrophages and other types of lung cells. The understanding of how silica induces NF-B activation and what signaling pathways are involved in this silica-induced NF-B activation is important and should provide valuable new information related to both the etiology and potential treatment of silica-related lung diseases. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms involved in silica-induced NF-B activation and discusses the importance of NF-B as a critical transcription factor in mediating silica-induced lung diseases. JF - Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry AU - Chen, Fei AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - The Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA, Xshi@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 169 EP - 176 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 234-235 IS - 1 SN - 0300-8177, 0300-8177 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Macrophages KW - Molecular modelling KW - Etiology KW - Lung diseases KW - Alveoli KW - Inflammation KW - NF- Kappa B protein KW - Silica KW - Reactive oxygen species KW - Inflammatory diseases KW - Transcription factors KW - NF-B protein KW - Cytokines KW - Growth factors KW - Signal transduction KW - N 14835:Protein-Nucleic Acids Association KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860389837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=NF-B%2C+a+pivotal+transcription+factor+in+silica-induced+diseases&rft.au=Chen%2C+Fei%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Fei&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=234-235&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1015915000265 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Macrophages; Inhalation; Molecular modelling; Etiology; Lung diseases; Alveoli; NF- Kappa B protein; Inflammation; Silica; Inflammatory diseases; Reactive oxygen species; Transcription factors; NF-B protein; Cytokines; Growth factors; Signal transduction DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015915000265 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hearing protector attenuation: models of attenuation distributions. AN - 85368822; pmid-12051431 AB - Current hearing protector rating standards estimate the protection performance for a given frequency as the mean attenuation minus a multiple of the standard deviation. Distributions of real-ear attenuation at threshold data are fit with maximum likelihood estimation procedures using both normal and mixed-normal models. Attenuations from six hearing protectors, Bilsom UF-1 earmuff, Bilsom Quietzone, E.A.R Classic, E.A.R EXPRESS Pod Plugs, Howard Leight MAX, and Wilson EP100 earplugs, measured with a subject-fit protocol are reported. The mixed-normal (bimodal) model provides a better fit to the empirical data than the unimodal model for most frequencies and protectors. Primarily, the bimodal model fits the shape of the distributions caused by data from poorly-fit protectors. This paper presents an alternative method for estimating the protection performance either with the more accurate bimodal model or directly from the empirical cumulative distributions of the attenuation data. JF - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America AU - Murphy, William J AU - Franks, John R AU - Krieg, Edward F AD - Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA. wjm4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 2109 EP - 2116 VL - 111 IS - 5 Pt 1 SN - 0001-4966, 0001-4966 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Auditory Threshold: physiology KW - *Ear Protective Devices KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced: prevention & control KW - Humans KW - *Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85368822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Hearing+protector+attenuation%3A+models+of+attenuation+distributions.&rft.au=Murphy%2C+William+J%3BFranks%2C+John+R%3BKrieg%2C+Edward+F&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=5+Pt+1&rft.spage=2109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00014966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of inhaled crystalline silica in a rat model: Time course of pulmonary reactions AN - 815543393; 13862148 AB - Numerous investigations have been conducted to elucidate mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression of silicosis. However, most of these studies involved bolus exposure of rats to silica, i.e. intratracheal instillation or a short duration inhalation exposure to a high dose of silica. Therefore, the question of pulmonary overload has been an issue in these studies. The objective of the current investigation was to monitor the time course of pulmonary reactions of rats exposed by inhalation to a non-overload level of crystalline silica. To accomplish this, rats were exposed to 15 mg/m super(3) silica, 6 h/day, 5 days/week for up to 116 days of exposure. At various times (5-116 days exposure), animals were sacrificed and silica lung burden, lung damage, inflammation, NF-B activation, reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide production, cytokine production, alveolar type II epithelial cell activity, and fibrosis were monitored. Activation of NF-B/DNA binding in BAL cells was evident after 5 days of silica inhalation and increased linearly with continued exposure. Parameters of pulmonary damage, inflammation and alveolar type II epithelial cell activity rapidly increased to a significantly elevated but stable new level through the first 41 days of exposure and increased at a steep rate thereafter. Pulmonary fibrosis was measurable only after this explosive rise in lung damage and inflammation, as was the steep increase in TNF-a and IL-1 production from BAL cells and the dramatic rise in lavageable alveolar macrophages. Indicators of oxidant stress and pulmonary production of nitric oxide exhibited a time course which was similar to that for lung damage and inflammation with the steep rise correlating with initiation of pulmonary fibrosis. Staining for iNOS and nitrotyrosine was localized in granulomatous regions of the lung and bronchial associated lymphoid tissue. Therefore, these data demonstrate that the generation of oxidants and nitric oxide, in particular, is temporally and anatomically associated with the development of lung damage, inflammation, granulomas and fibrosis. This suggests an important role for nitric oxide in the initiation of silicosis. JF - Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry AU - Castranova, Vincent AU - Porter, Dale AU - Millecchia, Lyndell AU - Ma, Jane YC AU - Hubbs, Ann F AU - Teass, Alexander AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 177 EP - 184 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 234-235 IS - 1 SN - 0300-8177, 0300-8177 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Macrophages KW - Inhalation KW - Epithelial cells KW - nitrotyrosine KW - Fibrosis KW - Interleukin 1 KW - Reactive oxygen species KW - Silicosis KW - Cytokines KW - Trachea KW - Data processing KW - Lung diseases KW - Stress KW - Tumor necrosis factor-a KW - Granuloma KW - Alveoli KW - Lymphoid tissue KW - Inflammation KW - Nitric-oxide synthase KW - Silica KW - Lung KW - NF-B protein KW - DNA KW - Nitric oxide KW - Explosives KW - Oxidants KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815543393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Effect+of+inhaled+crystalline+silica+in+a+rat+model%3A+Time+course+of+pulmonary+reactions&rft.au=Castranova%2C+Vincent%3BPorter%2C+Dale%3BMillecchia%2C+Lyndell%3BMa%2C+Jane+YC%3BHubbs%2C+Ann+F%3BTeass%2C+Alexander&rft.aulast=Castranova&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=234-235&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1015967017103 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Inhalation; Macrophages; Epithelial cells; nitrotyrosine; Fibrosis; Interleukin 1; Reactive oxygen species; Silicosis; Cytokines; Trachea; Data processing; Lung diseases; Stress; Granuloma; Tumor necrosis factor-a; Lymphoid tissue; Alveoli; Inflammation; Nitric-oxide synthase; Silica; Lung; NF-B protein; DNA; Nitric oxide; Explosives; Oxidants DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015967017103 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of high-rate electrical stimulation upon firing in modelled and real neurons AN - 754567293; 13407467 AB - Many medical devices use high-rate, low-amplitude currents to affect neural function. This study examined the effect of stimulation rate upon action potential threshold and sustained firing rate for two model neurons, the rabbit myelinated fibre and the unmyelinated leech touch sensory cell. These model neurons were constructed with the NEURON simulator from electrophysiological data. Alternating-phase current pulses (0-1250 Hz), of fixed phase duration (0.2 ms), were used to stimulate the neurons, and propagation success or failure was measured. One effect of the high pulse rates was to cause a net depolarisation, and this was verified by the relief of action potential conduction block by 500 Hz extracellular stimulation in leech neurons. The models also predicted that the neurons would maintain maximum sustained firing at a number of different stimulation rates. For example, at twice threshold, the myelinated model followed the stimulus up to 500 Hz stimulation, half the stimulus rate up to 850 Hz stimulation, and it did not fire at 1250 Hz stimulation. By contrast, the unmyelinated neuron model had a lower maximum firing rate of 190 Hz, and this rate was obtained at a number of stimulation rates, up to 1250 Hz. The myelinated model also predicted sustained firing with 1240 Hz stimulation at threshold corrent, but no firing when the current level was doubled. Most of these effects are explained by the interaction of stimulus pulses with the cell's refractory period. JF - Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing AU - Krauthamer, V AU - Crosheck, T AD - Office of Science & Technology, Center for Devices & Radiological Health, Food & Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA, vik@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 360 EP - 366 PB - Institution of Electrical Engineers, Savoy Pl. London WC2R 0BL UK VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0140-0118, 0140-0118 KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Electrical stimuli KW - Firing rate KW - Action potential KW - Data processing KW - Neurons KW - Tactile stimuli KW - Cell culture KW - Nerve conduction KW - Hirudinea KW - N3 11002:Computational & theoretical neuroscience KW - W 30955:Biosensors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754567293?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+%26+Biological+Engineering+%26+Computing&rft.atitle=Effects+of+high-rate+electrical+stimulation+upon+firing+in+modelled+and+real+neurons&rft.au=Krauthamer%2C+V%3BCrosheck%2C+T&rft.aulast=Krauthamer&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=360&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medical+%26+Biological+Engineering+%26+Computing&rft.issn=01400118&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02344220 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Electrical stimuli; Action potential; Firing rate; Data processing; Neurons; Tactile stimuli; Cell culture; Nerve conduction; Hirudinea DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02344220 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dual role of organosulfur compounds in foods: a review. AN - 72878876; 12734054 AB - Organosulfur compounds present in natural food are generally considered as beneficial for health because of their antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties. This has led to their excessive and long-term consumption. However, there is also evidence that these compounds demonstrate toxicity and adverse health effects suggesting their potential dual biological roles. Thus, they can act as double-edged biological swords. JF - Journal of environmental science and health. Part C, Environmental carcinogenesis & ecotoxicology reviews AU - Sahu, Saura C AD - Division of In Vitro and Biochemical Toxicology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. Saura.Sahu@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 61 EP - 76 VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 1059-0501, 1059-0501 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Mutagens KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Sulfur Compounds KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Sulfur Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Food KW - Sulfur Compounds -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72878876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part+C%2C+Environmental+carcinogenesis+%26+ecotoxicology+reviews&rft.atitle=Dual+role+of+organosulfur+compounds+in+foods%3A+a+review.&rft.au=Sahu%2C+Saura+C&rft.aulast=Sahu&rft.aufirst=Saura&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part+C%2C+Environmental+carcinogenesis+%26+ecotoxicology+reviews&rft.issn=10590501&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-20 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of DNA adducts from chemical carcinogens and lipid peroxidation using liquid chromatography and electrospray mass spectrometry. AN - 72877714; 12734050 AB - The identification and dosimetry of DNA adducts are cornerstones of research on cancer etiology in experimental animals and humans. DNA adducts can result from exposure to exogenous chemical carcinogens or through reactions with endogenous by-products of oxidative metabolism. An important research need is high throughput methodology for quantification of any and all adducts that are present at trace amounts in DNA derived from target tissues of animals and humans. This review describes some recent progress made through applications of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to structural characterization of unknown DNA adducts and highly sensitive quantitative analysis of target adducts. JF - Journal of environmental science and health. Part C, Environmental carcinogenesis & ecotoxicology reviews AU - Doerge, D R AU - Churchwell, M I AU - Beland, F A AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. ddoerge@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 1 EP - 20 VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 1059-0501, 1059-0501 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - DNA Adducts -- analysis KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Lipid Peroxidation KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72877714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part+C%2C+Environmental+carcinogenesis+%26+ecotoxicology+reviews&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+DNA+adducts+from+chemical+carcinogens+and+lipid+peroxidation+using+liquid+chromatography+and+electrospray+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Doerge%2C+D+R%3BChurchwell%2C+M+I%3BBeland%2C+F+A&rft.aulast=Doerge&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part+C%2C+Environmental+carcinogenesis+%26+ecotoxicology+reviews&rft.issn=10590501&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-20 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Postmarketing re-evaluation of irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin for first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. AN - 72731566; 12453329 JF - Clinical colorectal cancer AU - Chico, Isagani M AU - Pazdur, Richard AD - Division of Oncologic Drug Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 11 EP - 12 VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1533-0028, 1533-0028 KW - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic KW - 0 KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic KW - irinotecan KW - 0H43101T0J KW - Leucovorin KW - Q573I9DVLP KW - Fluorouracil KW - U3P01618RT KW - Camptothecin KW - XT3Z54Z28A KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Fluorouracil -- adverse effects KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Leucovorin -- adverse effects KW - Survival Analysis KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic -- adverse effects KW - Camptothecin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols -- adverse effects KW - Camptothecin -- adverse effects KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72731566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+colorectal+cancer&rft.atitle=Postmarketing+re-evaluation+of+irinotecan+plus+5-fluorouracil%2Fleucovorin+for+first-line+treatment+of+metastatic+colorectal+cancer.&rft.au=Chico%2C+Isagani+M%3BPazdur%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Chico&rft.aufirst=Isagani&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+colorectal+cancer&rft.issn=15330028&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Derived Trail Making Test indices in a sample of amphetamine abusers: demographic effects. AN - 72132780; 12325391 AB - Derived indices on the Trail Making Test (TMT), a test often used for screening for cognitive impairment, were examined in a sample of amphetamine abusers in drug abuse treatment programs. A mixed race sample (N = 185) was drawn from electronic files of data from the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS), a naturalistic, prospective cohort study that collected data from 1991 to 1993 in 96 programs in 11 cities in the United States. Data were analyzed to determine the effects of demographic variables on derived indices created by adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing Parts A and B of the TMT in this large treatment sample of substance abusers. The variables of sex, age, ethnicity, and education were not statistically significant for selected derived indices of the TMT. JF - The International journal of neuroscience AU - Roberts, Charles AU - Horton, Arthur MacNeill AD - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockwall II Building, Suite 840, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 575 EP - 584 VL - 112 IS - 5 SN - 0020-7454, 0020-7454 KW - Index Medicus KW - Demography KW - Mass Screening KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Trail Making Test KW - Amphetamine-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Cognition Disorders -- etiology KW - Cognition Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Amphetamine-Related Disorders -- complications KW - Amphetamine-Related Disorders -- rehabilitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72132780?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.atitle=Derived+Trail+Making+Test+indices+in+a+sample+of+amphetamine+abusers%3A+demographic+effects.&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Charles%3BHorton%2C+Arthur+MacNeill&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=575&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.issn=00207454&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Generation of reactive oxygen species in the enzymatic reduction of PbCrO4 and related DNA damage. AN - 71991867; 12162449 AB - Free radical reactions are believed to play an important role in the mechanism of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis. Most studies concerning the role of free radical reactions have been limited to soluble Cr(VI). Various studies have shown that solubility is an important factor contributing to the carcinogenic potential of Cr(VI) compounds. Here, we report that reduction of insoluble PbCrO4 by glutathione reductase in the presence of NADPH as a cofactor generated hydroxyl radicals (.OH) and caused DNA damage. The .OH radicals were detected by electron spin resonance (ESR) using 5,5-dimethyl-N-oxide as a spin trap. Addition of catalase, a specific H2O2 scavenger, inhibited the .OH radical generation, indicating the involvement of H2O2 in the mechanism of Cr(VI)-induced .OH generation. Catalase reduced .OH radicals measured by electron spin resonance and reduced DNA strand breaks, indicating .OH radicals are involved in the damage measured. The H2O2 formation was measured by change in fluorescence of scopoletin in the presence of horseradish peroxidase. Molecular oxygen was used in the system as measured by oxygen consumption assay. Chelation of PbCrO4 impaired the generation of .OH radical. The results obtained from this study show that reduction of insoluble PbCrO4 by glutathione reductase/NADPH generates .OH radicals. The mechanism of .OH generation involves reduction of molecular oxygen to H2O2, which generates .OH radicals through a Fenton-like reaction. The .OH radicals generated by PbCrO4 caused DNA strand breakage. JF - Molecular and cellular biochemistry AU - Leonard, Stephen S AU - Vallyathan, Val AU - Castranova, Vince AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. PY - 2002 SP - 309 EP - 315 VL - 234-235 IS - 1-2 SN - 0300-8177, 0300-8177 KW - Chromates KW - 0 KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Solutions KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Hydroxyl Radical KW - 3352-57-6 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - lead chromate KW - AA3229AOUS KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Horseradish Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.- KW - Deferoxamine KW - J06Y7MXW4D KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Deferoxamine -- pharmacology KW - Hydroxyl Radical -- metabolism KW - Oxygen -- metabolism KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- metabolism KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Horseradish Peroxidase -- metabolism KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - DNA Damage KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Chromates -- metabolism KW - Lead -- pharmacology KW - Lead -- metabolism KW - Chromates -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71991867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Generation+of+reactive+oxygen+species+in+the+enzymatic+reduction+of+PbCrO4+and+related+DNA+damage.&rft.au=Leonard%2C+Stephen+S%3BVallyathan%2C+Val%3BCastranova%2C+Vince%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=234-235&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular mechanisms of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis. AN - 71987895; 12162446 AB - Although Cr(VI)-containing compounds are well documented carcinogens, their mechanism of action is still not well understood. Recent studies have suggested that reduction of Cr(VI) to its lower oxidation states and related free radical reactions play an important role in Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis. This article summarizes recent studies from our laboratory on (a) the reduction of Cr(VI) by ascorbate, diol- and thiol-containing molecules, certain flavoenzymes, cell organelles, intact cells, and whole animals; (b) free radical production in both non-cellular and cellular systems; and (c) Cr(VI)-induced DNA damage, activation of nuclear transcription factor KB (NF-kappaB), activator protein-1, p53, hypoxia-inducible factor-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, tyrosine phosphorylation, apoptosis, cell growth arrest, and gene expression profile. JF - Molecular and cellular biochemistry AU - Ding, Min AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. PY - 2002 SP - 293 EP - 300 VL - 234-235 IS - 1-2 SN - 0300-8177, 0300-8177 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Free Radicals KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - chromium hexavalent ion KW - 18540-29-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic -- drug effects KW - Free Radicals -- metabolism KW - Cell Cycle -- drug effects KW - DNA Damage -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Chromium -- pharmacology KW - Chromium -- metabolism KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71987895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Molecular+mechanisms+of+Cr%28VI%29-induced+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Ding%2C+Min%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Ding&rft.aufirst=Min&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=234-235&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vivo bioassays of acute asbestosis and its correlation with ESR spectroscopy and imaging in redox status. AN - 71984602; 12162455 AB - In vivo electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and whole body imaging were used to investigate the toxicity of biological reactions and organ specific oxidative changes associated with the development of acute asbestosis. Pathogen-free mice were exposed to 100 microg of crocidolite asbestos suspended in 50 microL of a 0.9% NaCl solution by aspiration. The bio-assay group had broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) and serum draws performed on control and treated mice at 1, 3, and 7 days post-instillation. The ESR spectroscopic measurements and whole body imaging were performed with a separate group of mice at the same time points. Bio-assays included measurements of albumin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucoaminidase (NAG), and catalase in acellular lavage fluids, and total antioxidants status in blood serum. ESR spectroscopic and imaging measurements were performed after intraperitoneal injection of 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-15N-1-oxyl (TEMPOL) or 3-carbamoylproxyl (3-CP) nitroxides at a final concentration of 344 mg/kg body weight. Albumin showed a significant increase in BAL fluid at the 3 day exposure time point. The presence of this protein in lavage fluid indicates that the gas/blood barrier has been damaged in the lung. LDH in BAL fluid also exhibited a significant increase at 3 days post-exposure, an indication of enhanced cell membrane damage in the lung. Similar results were observed for NAG, a lysosomal enzyme, implying activation of phagocytic cells. Contemporaneously with the development of acute asbestosis at day 3 post-exposure, there were significant increases in the levels of total antioxidants in the serum and catalase in the BAL fluid. Significant impairment in the ability of asbestos exposed animals to clear TEMPOL radical during acute disease progression was evident at days 1 and 3 post exposure. ESR image measurements provided information on the location and distribution of the 3-CP label within the lungs and heart of the mouse and its clearance over time. Bioassays in concert with ESR spectroscopy and imaging presented in this study provide congruent data on the early acute phase of pulmonary injury and oxidant generation in response to asbestos exposure and their decline after 7 days. The increased levels of total antioxidants in the serum and catalase in BAL fluid correlated with the reduction in the clearance rate for TEMPOL, suggesting that a change in the redox status of the lung is associated with lung injury induced by asbestos. JF - Molecular and cellular biochemistry AU - Leonard, Stephen S AU - Mowrey, Kristina AU - Pack, Donna AU - Shi, Xianglin AU - Castranova, Vince AU - Kuppusamy, Periannan AU - Vallyathan, Val AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. PY - 2002 SP - 369 EP - 377 VL - 234-235 IS - 1-2 SN - 0300-8177, 0300-8177 KW - Cyclic N-Oxides KW - 0 KW - Nitrogen Oxides KW - Spin Labels KW - Asbestos KW - 1332-21-4 KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Catalase KW - EC 1.11.1.6 KW - nitroxyl KW - GFQ4MMS07W KW - tempol KW - U78ZX2F65X KW - Index Medicus KW - Acute Disease KW - Animals KW - Nitrogen Oxides -- metabolism KW - Diagnostic Imaging KW - Asbestos -- pharmacology KW - Mice KW - Nitrogen Oxides -- analysis KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Catalase -- metabolism KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- chemistry KW - Cyclic N-Oxides -- metabolism KW - Time Factors KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Cyclic N-Oxides -- pharmacokinetics KW - Biological Assay -- methods KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy -- methods KW - Asbestosis -- enzymology KW - Asbestosis -- blood KW - Asbestosis -- metabolism KW - Asbestosis -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71984602?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.atitle=In+vivo+bioassays+of+acute+asbestosis+and+its+correlation+with+ESR+spectroscopy+and+imaging+in+redox+status.&rft.au=Leonard%2C+Stephen+S%3BMowrey%2C+Kristina%3BPack%2C+Donna%3BShi%2C+Xianglin%3BCastranova%2C+Vince%3BKuppusamy%2C+Periannan%3BVallyathan%2C+Val&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=234-235&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multigenerational exposure to dietary nonylphenol has no severe effects on spatial learning in female rats. AN - 71983443; 12164552 AB - Nonylphenol is a common intermediate in the production of many consumer compounds and reportedly acts as an estrogen mimic. Because estrogen affects the spatial learning and memory in rats, the effects of nonylphenol exposure on the performance of female rats in the Morris water maze were investigated. Here, Sprague-Dawley rats (F0) consumed soy-free diets containing 0, 25, 200 or 750 ppm nonylphenol (0, 2, 16 or 60 mg/kg per day) beginning on postnatal day (PND) 42 and continuing for two generations (F1 and F2) with breeding occurring within treatments. Females to be behaviorally tested (n = 7-8 per treatment per generation) were ovariectomized at adulthood and assessed for spatial learning and memory between PND 125-150 (young adult age). Each rat was tested for four consecutive days (three trials per day) in the Morris water maze with the platform in a fixed location. One week later, each subject was primed with estrogen and progesterone and assessed on a single day (three trials). The F1 rats continued on the same diets until PND 380-395 (middle aged) when they were re-tested as above (four consecutive days followed 1 week later with hormonal priming and a single test day). Latency to find the platform, path length and swim speed were averaged over the three trials per day and analyzed using repeated measures analyses of variance. There were no consistent effects of dietary nonylphenol exposure and no interactions of nonylphenol exposure on any measure of performance in either generation at the young age nor at the middle age in the F1 generation. When tested at the young adult age, however, hormone priming resulted in latencies and path lengths that were significantly shorter than in those exhibited during the unprimed test days, and there was no such effect when tested at middle age. Middle aged rats exhibited better performance than the same animals tested at a young age, likely as a result of familiarity and practice with the test paradigm. These data suggest that multigenerational dietary nonylphenol exposure does not cause gross alterations in Morris water maze performance in young adult or middle aged ovariectomized female rats. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Flynn, Katherine M AU - Newbold, Retha R AU - Ferguson, Sherry A AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 87 EP - 94 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Phenols KW - 0 KW - nonylphenol KW - 79F6A2ILP5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Ovariectomy -- statistics & numerical data KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Environmental Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Maze Learning -- drug effects KW - Phenols -- pharmacology KW - Maze Learning -- physiology KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71983443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Multigenerational+exposure+to+dietary+nonylphenol+has+no+severe+effects+on+spatial+learning+in+female+rats.&rft.au=Flynn%2C+Katherine+M%3BNewbold%2C+Retha+R%3BFerguson%2C+Sherry+A&rft.aulast=Flynn&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-13 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arsenic carcinogenicity: relevance of c-Src activation. AN - 71981128; 12162444 AB - Environmental and occupational exposure to arsenic is associated with increased risk of skin, urinary bladder and respiratory tract cancers. Increasing evidence indicates that arsenic acts at the level of tumor promotion by modulating the signaling pathways responsible for cell growth. One of this pathways might include c-Src dependent EGFR and MAPK activation. JF - Molecular and cellular biochemistry AU - Simeonova, Petia P AU - Luster, Michael I AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. phs9@cdc.gov PY - 2002 SP - 277 EP - 282 VL - 234-235 IS - 1-2 SN - 0300-8177, 0300-8177 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor KW - EC 2.7.10.1 KW - Oncogene Protein pp60(v-src) KW - EC 2.7.10.2 KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.24 KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor -- metabolism KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Genes, src -- genetics KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - Arsenic -- toxicity KW - Arsenic -- pharmacology KW - Oncogene Protein pp60(v-src) -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Oncogene Protein pp60(v-src) -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71981128?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Arsenic+carcinogenicity%3A+relevance+of+c-Src+activation.&rft.au=Simeonova%2C+Petia+P%3BLuster%2C+Michael+I&rft.aulast=Simeonova&rft.aufirst=Petia&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=234-235&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of an engineering control to prevent carbon monoxide poisonings of individuals on and around houseboats. AN - 71980899; 12173187 AB - From 1990 to 2000, a total of 111 carbon monoxide (CO) poisonings occurred on Lake Powell near the Arizona and Utah border. Seventy-four of the poisonings occurred on houseboats, and 64 were attributable to generator exhaust alone. Seven of the 74 houseboat-related CO poisonings resulted in death. Although many of the reported CO poisonings occurred to members of the general public, some poisonings involved workers performing houseboat maintenance. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health evaluated an engineering control retrofitted to a houseboat gasoline-powered generator to reduce the hazard of CO poisoning from the exhaust. The control consisted of a water separator and a 17-foot exhaust stack that extended 9 feet above the upper deck of the houseboat. When compared to a houseboat having no engineering controls, study results showed that the exhaust stack provides a dramatically safer environment to individuals on or near the houseboat. CO concentrations were reduced by 10 times or more at numerous locations on the houseboat. Average CO concentrations near the rear swim deck of the houseboat, an area where occupants frequently congregate, were reduced from an average of 606.6 ppm to 2.85 ppm, a reduction greater than 99%. CO concentrations were also reduced on the upper deck of the houseboat. Hazardous CO concentration in the confined area beneath the near swim deck were eliminated. Based on the results of this study, it is clear that houseboats having gasoline-powered generators that have been outfitted from the factory or retrofitted with an exhaust stack that extends well above the upper deck of the boat will greatly reduce the hazard of CO poisoning. JF - AIHA journal : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety AU - Earnest, G Scott AU - Dunn, Kevin H AU - Hall, Ronald M AU - McCleery, Robert E AU - McCammon, Jane B AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. PY - 2002 SP - 361 EP - 369 VL - 63 IS - 3 SN - 1542-8117, 1542-8117 KW - Gasoline KW - 0 KW - Carbon Monoxide KW - 7U1EE4V452 KW - Index Medicus KW - Equipment Design KW - Carbon Monoxide -- analysis KW - Housing KW - Humans KW - Ships KW - Engineering KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71980899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIHA+journal+%3A+a+journal+for+the+science+of+occupational+and+environmental+health+and+safety&rft.atitle=An+evaluation+of+an+engineering+control+to+prevent+carbon+monoxide+poisonings+of+individuals+on+and+around+houseboats.&rft.au=Earnest%2C+G+Scott%3BDunn%2C+Kevin+H%3BHall%2C+Ronald+M%3BMcCleery%2C+Robert+E%3BMcCammon%2C+Jane+B&rft.aulast=Earnest&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIHA+journal+%3A+a+journal+for+the+science+of+occupational+and+environmental+health+and+safety&rft.issn=15428117&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative estrogenic effects of p-nonylphenol by 3-day uterotrophic assay and female pubertal onset assay. AN - 71926176; 12128099 AB - Nonylphenol (NP) is widely used as a component of detergents, paints, pesticides, and many other formulated products. Several studies have demonstrated that NP is estrogenic in fish, avian, and mammalian cells. NP also competitively inhibits the binding of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) to the estrogen receptor (ER). However, there are relatively few in vivo data related to this issue in mammals. The aim of this study was to investigate the estrogenic activity of NP in animal models. We performed a 3-day uterotrophic assay using immature female rats for comparison with other endpoints of Tier I screening including vaginal opening (VO) in prepubertal intact female rats. For the uterotrophic assay, diethylstilbestrol (DES) (0.2 and 1.0 microg/kg) and p-NP (10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) were administered subcutaneously to immature Sprague-Dawley female rats for 3 consecutive days (postnatal days (PND) 20, 21, and 22). For the female pubertal onset assay, DES (0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 microg/kg) and p-NP (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg) were administered daily by oral gavage from 21 days of age for 20 days. In the uterotrophic assay, statistically significant increases in uterine wet weight were observed at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg p-NP. DES (0.2 and 1.0 microg/kg) also significantly increased uterine weight compared to the vehicle control. In the female pubertal onset assay, the age of VO was advanced following oral exposure to DES (1.0 and 5.0 microg/kg) and p-NP (50 and 100 mg/kg). Estrous cyclicity was monitored in prepubertal rats from the day of VO to the day of necropsy. Irregular estrous cycles were observed in the groups treated with DES (5.0 microg/kg) and p-NP (50 and 100 mg/kg). High-dose DES (5.0 microg/kg) produced a persistent estrus state, whereas p-NP (50 and 100 mg/kg) increased the number of days in diestrus. Serum thyroxine (T(4)) concentrations were decreased in a dose-dependent manner by DES and p-NP treatment. A significant decrease in serum T(4) level was observed at high-dose DES (5.0 microg/kg) and p-NP (100 mg/kg). Serum TSH level was significantly increased by DES (5.0 microg/kg) treatment. Statistically significant decreases in ovarian weight were observed in female rats treated with DES (5.0 microg/kg) and p-NP (100 mg/kg). Our data demonstrate that p-NP can accelerate the onset of puberty and alter estrous cyclicity in prepubertal female rats at oral doses lower than the subcutaneous doses typically used in the uterotrophic assay. We therefore suggest that the female pubertal onset assay may be used as a sensitive testing method to detect environmental agents with weak estrogenic activity, but requires further research. JF - Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) AU - Kim, Hyung Sik AU - Shin, Jae-Ho AU - Moon, Hyun Ju AU - Kang, Il Hyun AU - Kim, Tae Sung AU - Kim, In Young AU - Seok, Ji-Hyun AU - Pyo, Myoung-Yun AU - Han, Soon Young AD - Endocrine Toxicology Division, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, 5 Nokbun-dong, Eunpyung-ku, Seoul 122-704, South Korea. PY - 2002 SP - 259 EP - 268 VL - 16 IS - 3 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal KW - 0 KW - Phenols KW - Diethylstilbestrol KW - 731DCA35BT KW - Thyrotropin KW - 9002-71-5 KW - 4-nonylphenol KW - I03GBV4WEL KW - Thyroxine KW - Q51BO43MG4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Vagina -- drug effects KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Thyrotropin -- blood KW - Biological Assay KW - Vagina -- growth & development KW - Thyroxine -- blood KW - Estrous Cycle -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Diethylstilbestrol -- pharmacology KW - Injections, Subcutaneous KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Sexual Maturation -- drug effects KW - Phenols -- administration & dosage KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal -- toxicity KW - Phenols -- toxicity KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal -- administration & dosage KW - Uterus -- pathology KW - Uterus -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71926176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Comparative+estrogenic+effects+of+p-nonylphenol+by+3-day+uterotrophic+assay+and+female+pubertal+onset+assay.&rft.au=Kim%2C+Hyung+Sik%3BShin%2C+Jae-Ho%3BMoon%2C+Hyun+Ju%3BKang%2C+Il+Hyun%3BKim%2C+Tae+Sung%3BKim%2C+In+Young%3BSeok%2C+Ji-Hyun%3BPyo%2C+Myoung-Yun%3BHan%2C+Soon+Young&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Hyung&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-11 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deaths associated with inappropriate intravenous colchicine administration. AN - 71898209; 12113850 AB - Intravenous (IV) colchicine is occasionally prescribed for the treatment of acute gouty arthritis. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently received a report of death in a patient that was associated with inappropriate IV dosing of colchicine. This report prompted further investigation of other deaths associated with IV colchicine use in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) and the medical literature. A total of 20 deaths were identified. Eight patients were females, 11 were males, and the gender was unknown in 1. In all cases, the recommended maximum cumulative dose of 2 to 4 mg during a course of therapy was exceeded. Dose reductions are recommended in patients with renal or hepatic disease and in the elderly. All reported adverse events were associated with colchicine toxicity, including thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, acute renal failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Death occurred within 1 to 40 days after drug administration. Therapeutic guidelines exist for use of IV colchicine and these guidelines should be followed to prevent serious toxicities and death. JF - The Journal of emergency medicine AU - Bonnel, Renan A AU - Villalba, Maria L AU - Karwoski, Claudia B AU - Beitz, Julie AD - Office of Drug Safety, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 385 EP - 387 VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0736-4679, 0736-4679 KW - Gout Suppressants KW - 0 KW - Colchicine KW - SML2Y3J35T KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Acute Disease KW - Fatal Outcome KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Drug Overdose KW - Practice Guidelines as Topic KW - Aged KW - Male KW - Gout -- drug therapy KW - Gout Suppressants -- therapeutic use KW - Gout Suppressants -- administration & dosage KW - Colchicine -- poisoning KW - Colchicine -- therapeutic use KW - Colchicine -- administration & dosage KW - Gout Suppressants -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71898209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+emergency+medicine&rft.atitle=Deaths+associated+with+inappropriate+intravenous+colchicine+administration.&rft.au=Bonnel%2C+Renan+A%3BVillalba%2C+Maria+L%3BKarwoski%2C+Claudia+B%3BBeitz%2C+Julie&rft.aulast=Bonnel&rft.aufirst=Renan&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+emergency+medicine&rft.issn=07364679&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of o-nitrotoluene sulfone (CAS no. 88-72-2) in F344/N rats and B6C3F(1) mice (feed studies). AN - 71857027; 12087420 AB - [structure: see text] o-Nitrotoluene is used to synthesize agricultural and rubber chemicals, azo and sulfur dyes, and dyes for cotton, wool, silk, leather, and paper. o-Nitrotoluene was nominated for study by NIOSH and the NTP based on its considerable human exposure as well as the absence of long-term studies of carcinogenicity in rodents. Male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to o-nitrotoluene (greater than 99% pure) in feed for 2 years. Genetic toxicology studies were conducted in Salmonella typhimurium, cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells, rat and mouse bone marrow cells, and mouse peripheral blood erythrocytes. 2-YEAR STUDY IN RATS: In the core study, groups of 60 male and 60 female rats were fed diets containing 625, 1,250, or 2,000 ppm o-nitrotoluene (equivalent to average daily doses of approximately 25, 50, or 90 mg o-nitrotoluene/kg body weight to males and 30, 60, or 100 mg/kg to females) for 105 weeks. In a 3-month stop-exposure study, groups of 70 male rats were fed diets containing 2,000 or 5,000 ppm o-nitrotoluene (equivalent to average daily doses of approximately 125 or 315 mg/kg) for 13 weeks followed by undosed feed for the remainder of the study. A group of 70 male rats receiving undosed feed served as a control group for both male rat studies; 60 female rats receiving undosed feed were the control group for the female core study. Ten control males and 10 males from each stop-exposure group were sacrificed at 3 months. Survival, Body Weights, and Feed Consumption: All 2,000 ppm core study, all 5,000 ppm stop-exposure, and all but three core study 1,250 ppm male rats died before the end of the studies. Survival of 625 ppm core study and 2,000 ppm stop-exposure males and of 2,000 ppm females was significantly less than that of the controls. Mean body weights of all exposed groups of males except the 625 ppm group were generally less than those of the controls throughout the study. Mean body weights of 2,000 ppm females were less than those of the controls during year 2 of the study. Feed consumption by exposed groups of rats was similar to that by the controls. Biomarkers of Exposure: Three urinary metabolites were followed during the study as biomarkers of exposure. The ratios of o-nitrobenzoic acid to creatinine and of o-nitrobenzylmercapturic acid to creatinine determined at 2 weeks and at 3, 12, and 18 months were linearly related to exposure concentration in males and females. The ratio of o-aminobenzoic acid to creatinine was not related to exposure concentration. Pathology Findings: The incidences of malignant mesothelioma in male rats occurred with positive trends in both the core and stop-exposure studies and were significantly greater in exposed groups than in the controls. Incidences of subcutaneous skin neoplasms (fibroma, fibrosarcoma, and lipoma) were increased in exposed groups of males, while the incidences of fibroma or fibrosarcoma (combined) were increased in exposed females. In all exposed groups of males and females except 2,000 ppm core study males, the incidences of mammary gland fibroadenoma were significantly increased. The incidences of mammary gland hyperplasia were significantly increased in 625 and 1,250 ppm females. Increased incidences of mesothelioma, skin neoplasms, and mammary gland fibroadenoma in the stop-exposure males indicated that 3 months of dosing were sufficient to produce a carcinogenic effect. Liver weights of 5,000 ppm stop-exposure males were significantly greater than those of the controls at 3 months. The incidences of hepatocellular adenoma in 2,000 ppm core study males and females and of hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma (combined) in 2,000 ppm core study and 5,000 ppm stop-exposure males were significantly increased. Cholangiocarcinoma occurred in three 5,000 ppm stop-exposure males, and a single hepatocholangiocarcinoma occurred in a 625 ppm male and in a 2,000 ppm core study male. Nonneoplastic lesions of the liver included eosinophilic, mixed cell, and clear cell foci in exposed groups of males and females and mixed cell infiltrate in exposed males and basophilic focus in exposed females. The incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma and alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma or carcinoma (combined) were significantly increased in 5,000 ppm stop-exposure males, as were alveolar/bronchiolar hyperplasia in most exposed groups of males and females. The incidences of hematopoietic cell proliferation of the spleen and of hyperplasia of the mandibular lymph node (females) and bone marrow were increased in exposed groups of males at 3 months and/or 2 years and in exposed groups of females at 2 years. The incidences of mononuclear cell leukemia were significantly decreased in all groups of males exposed to 1,250 ppm or greater and in all exposed groups of females; the incidence of testicular interstitial cell adenoma was significantly decreased in 5,000 ppm stop-exposure males. 2-YEAR STUDY IN MICE: Groups of 60 male and 60 female mice were fed diets containing 0, 1,250, 2,500, or 5,000 ppm o-nitrotoluene (equivalent to average daily doses of approximately 165, 360, or 700 mg/kg to males and 150, 320, or 710 mg/kg to females) for 105 weeks. Survival, Body Weights, and Feed Consumption: All 2,500 and 5,000 ppm males died before the end of the study. Survival of 1,250 ppm males and 5,000 ppm females was significantly less than that of the controls. Mean body weights of exposed males and 5,000 ppm females were generally less than those of the controls throughout the study, and those of 2,500 ppm females were less during the second year of the study. Feed consumption by 5,000 ppm males was less than that by the controls. Biomarkers of Exposure: Three urinary metabolites were followed during the study as biomarkers of exposure. The ratios of o-nitrobenzoic acid to creatinine determined at 2 weeks and at 3, 12, and 18 months were linearly related to exposure concentration in males and females. The concentrations of o-nitrobenzylmercapturic acid and o-aminobenzoic acid were below the limit of quantitation at most time points. Pathology Findings: The incidences of hemangiosarcoma in all exposed groups of males and in 5,000 ppm females were significantly greater than those in the controls. Large intestine (cecum) carcinomas were observed in all exposed groups except 5,000 ppm males. The incidences of hepatocellular neoplasms were significantly increased in 2,500 and 5,000 ppm females. Nonneoplastic liver lesions including eosinophilic and basophilic foci and minimal to mild necrosis were enhanced in exposed males and females. Also present were focal hepatocyte syncytial alteration in exposed males and hepatocyte necrosis and focal hepatocyte cytoplasmic vacuolization in 5,000 ppm females. Renal tubule pigmentation occurred more frequently in exposed groups of males and in 5,000 ppm females than in the controls. Olfactory epithelial degeneration occurred in every male and female mouse exposed to 2,500 or 5,000 ppm, and the severity of this lesion increased with increasing exposure concentration. o-Nitrotoluene was not mutagenic in any of several strains of S. typhimurium, with or without metabolic activation enzymes (S9). Sister chromatid exchanges were significantly increased in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells following exposure to o-nitrotoluene in the presence of S9; an equivocal response was seen without S9. o-Nitrotoluene did not induce chromosomal aberrations in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells, with or without S9. o-Nitrotoluene did not induce a significant increase in the frequency of micronuclei in bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes of male rats or male mice when administered by intraperitoneal injection. Results of a peripheral blood micronucleus test were equivocal for male mice and negative for female mice administered o-nitrotoluene in feed for 13 weeks. Under the conditions of these studies, there was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity* of o-nitrotoluene in male rats based on increased incidences of malignant mesothelioma, subcutaneous skin neoplasms, mammary gland fibroadenoma, and liver neoplasms. The increased incidences of lung neoplasms in male rats were also considered to be exposure related. There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of o-nitrotoluene in female rats based on increased incidences of subcutaneous skin neoplasms and mammary gland fibroadenoma. The increased incidence of hepatocellular adenoma in female rats was also considered to be exposure related. There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of -o-nitrotoluene in male and female mice based on increased incidences of hemangiosarcoma, carcinoma of the large intestine (cecum), and hepatocellular neoplasms (females only). Exposure to o--nitrotoluene caused increased incidences of nonneoplastic lesions of the mammary gland (females only), liver, bone marrow, spleen, lung, and mandibular lymph node (females only) in male and female rats and of the liver, kidney, and nose in male and female mice. Decreased incidences of mononuclear cell leukemia occurred in exposed groups of rats; the incidence of testicular interstitial cell adenoma was decreased in exposed male rats. [tables: see text] JF - National Toxicology Program technical report series AU - National Toxicology Program, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services AD - National Toxicology Program, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 1 EP - 357 IS - 504 SN - 0888-8051, 0888-8051 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Toluene KW - 3FPU23BG52 KW - 2-nitrotoluene KW - 6Q9N88YIAY KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Longevity -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Rats KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - CHO Cells KW - Diet KW - Female KW - Male KW - Cricetinae KW - Toluene -- analogs & derivatives KW - Toluene -- administration & dosage KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- administration & dosage KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Toluene -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Toluene -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71857027?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Toxicology+Program+technical+report+series&rft.atitle=Toxicology+and+carcinogenesis+studies+of+o-nitrotoluene+sulfone+%28CAS+no.+88-72-2%29+in+F344%2FN+rats+and+B6C3F%281%29+mice+%28feed+studies%29.&rft.au=National+Toxicology+Program%2C+Public+Health+Service%2C+National+Institutes+of+Health%2C+US+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services&rft.aulast=National+Toxicology+Program&rft.aufirst=Public+Health&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=504&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=National+Toxicology+Program+technical+report+series&rft.issn=08888051&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiology of silicone-gel breast implants. AN - 71836356; 12071482 AB - Silicone breast implants have been marketed in the United States since 1963. Questions remain unanswered on the safety of these medical devices despite their popularity and availability. In 1992, the Food and Drug Administration restricted the availability of silicone-gel breast implants to women requiring them for reconstruction after breast cancer or for other medical indications. Inflatable saline breast implants have remained available for either reconstruction or for cosmetic augmentation while manufacturers completed studies addressing issues of safety and effectiveness. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has less concern today regarding a putative association between breast implants and autoimmune disease because of epidemiologic studies that have indicated that there is not a large increase in risk for connective tissue disease in women with breast implants. These studies have not ruled out a small increase in risk of connective tissue disease to these women nor have they addressed the issue of an atypical syndrome related to silicone. The FDA has continuing concerns over local complications that are related to breast implants. The current review provides a brief discussion of the regulatory history of silicone implants and of FDA concerns over breast implants, implant prevalence, studies of systemic and local complications related to breast implants, and a brief description of the FDA study of silicone-gel breast implant rupture. JF - Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) AU - Brown, S Lori AD - Office of Surveillance and Biometrics, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. syb@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - S34 EP - S39 VL - 13 Suppl 3 SN - 1044-3983, 1044-3983 KW - Silicone Gels KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Prosthesis Failure KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Autoimmune Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Breast Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Epidemiologic Studies KW - Silicone Gels -- adverse effects KW - Breast Implants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71836356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+of+silicone-gel+breast+implants.&rft.au=Brown%2C+S+Lori&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=13+Suppl+3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.issn=10443983&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coalitions: partnerships to promote agricultural health and safety. AN - 71765924; 12046803 AB - Throughout the 1990s, a variety of partnerships and community-based organizations have been formed with the primary mission to promote agricultural safety and health. These groups are altruistic, creative, energetic, and provide critical perspectives for improving the safety and health of the agricultural workforce at the local, regional, and national levels. These coalitions have been created as a result of philanthropic support, public funding, grassroots interest, and personal experiences with agricultural injuries andfatalities. They are playing important roles in collaborating with researchers and in reaching the individual agricultural communities. They have been instrumental in conducting needs assessments and are critical to the development and implementation of successful surveillance programs and interventions. Outreach and dissemination of research findings and other safety and health information to target audiences are strengths of these diverse coalitions. This article will focus on primarily community-based coalitions, providing an overview of the development, foci, membership activities, and contributions or impact of these groups during the 1990s and the challenges in maintaining and sustaining the coalitions. This information should be useful to those seeking to understand the activities of existing coalitions and identify potential partnerships for future activities. JF - Journal of agricultural safety and health AU - Palermo, T AU - Ehlers, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. tpalermo@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 161 EP - 174 VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Agriculture KW - Occupational Health KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Health Promotion -- organization & administration KW - Community-Institutional Relations KW - Health Care Coalitions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71765924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+safety+and+health&rft.atitle=Coalitions%3A+partnerships+to+promote+agricultural+health+and+safety.&rft.au=Palermo%2C+T%3BEhlers%2C+J&rft.aulast=Palermo&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+safety+and+health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impacts of mental health parity and managed care in one large employer group. AN - 71744063; 12025978 AB - We examine the impacts of a state mental health parity mandate on a large employer group, which simultaneously introduced a managed behavioral health care carve-out. Overall, we find that mental health/substance abuse (MH/SA) costs dropped 39 percent from the year prior to three years after parity, with managed care offsetting increases in demand induced by parity coverage. Managed care was most effective in reducing very high inpatient use among adolescents and children. The effect of the parity mandate on access was ambiguous: While treatment prevalence rose nearly 50 percent, similar increases were observed for groups not subject to the mandate. JF - Health affairs (Project Hope) AU - Zuvekas, Samuel H AU - Regier, Darrel A AU - Rae, Donald S AU - Rupp, Agnes AU - Narrow, William E AD - Center for Cost and Financing Studies, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, USA. PY - 2002 SP - 148 EP - 159 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0278-2715, 0278-2715 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Health Services Needs and Demand -- statistics & numerical data KW - Mental Disorders -- therapy KW - Quality of Health Care KW - Humans KW - Health Services Research KW - Child KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- economics KW - Organizational Case Studies KW - Research Design KW - Health Services Accessibility KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- therapy KW - State Government KW - Employer Health Costs -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adolescent KW - Utilization Review KW - Mental Disorders -- economics KW - Health Benefit Plans, Employee -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Mental Health Services -- utilization KW - Mental Health Services -- economics KW - Preferred Provider Organizations -- economics KW - Insurance, Psychiatric -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Preferred Provider Organizations -- utilization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71744063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+affairs+%28Project+Hope%29&rft.atitle=The+impacts+of+mental+health+parity+and+managed+care+in+one+large+employer+group.&rft.au=Zuvekas%2C+Samuel+H%3BRegier%2C+Darrel+A%3BRae%2C+Donald+S%3BRupp%2C+Agnes%3BNarrow%2C+William+E&rft.aulast=Zuvekas&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+affairs+%28Project+Hope%29&rft.issn=02782715&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A control technology evaluation of state-of-the-art, perchloroethylene dry-cleaning machines. AN - 71702338; 12018399 AB - NIOSH researchers evaluated the ability of fifth-generation dry-cleaning machines to control occupational exposure to perchloroethylene (PERC). Use of these machines is mandated in some countries; however, less than 1 percent of all U.S. shops have them. A study was conducted at a U.S. dry-cleaning shop where two fifth-generation machines were used. Both machines had a refrigerated condenser as a primary control and a carbon adsorber as a secondary control to recover PERC vapors during the dry cycle. These machines were designed to lower the PERC concentration in the cylinder at the end of the dry cycle to below 290 ppm. A single-beam infrared photometer continuously monitors the PERC concentration in the machine cylinder, and a door interlock prevents opening until the concentration is below 290 ppm. Personal breathing zone air samples were measured for the machine operator and presser. The operator had time-weighted average (TWA) PERC exposures that were less than 2 ppm. Highest exposures occurred during loading and unloading the machine and when performing routine machine maintenance. All presser samples were below the limit of detection. Real-time video exposure monitoring showed that the operator had peak exposures near 160 ppm during loading and unloading the machine (below the OSHA maximum of 300 ppm). This exposure (160 ppm) is an order of magnitude lower than exposures with more traditional machines that are widely used in the United States. The evaluated machines were very effective at reducing TWA PERC exposures as well as peak exposures that occur during machine loading and unloading. State-of-the-art dry-cleaning machines equipped with refrigerated condensers, carbon adsorbers, drum monitors, and door interlocks can provide substantially better protection than more traditional machines that are widely used in the United States. JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Earnest, G Scott AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, Cincinnati, OH, USA. Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 352 EP - 359 VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Tetrachloroethylene KW - TJ904HH8SN KW - Index Medicus KW - Equipment Design KW - Humans KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Tetrachloroethylene -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71702338?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=A+control+technology+evaluation+of+state-of-the-art%2C+perchloroethylene+dry-cleaning+machines.&rft.au=Earnest%2C+G+Scott&rft.aulast=Earnest&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=352&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of maintenance and design for ventilation systems. AN - 71701756; 12018398 AB - Ventilation systems need to be designed to include access for cleaning and preventive maintenance. Without such access, the exhaust volume will deteriorate. Because of access difficulties and the many demands on their time, plant managers are sometimes errant in performing proper preventive maintenance. Three surveys measuring workers' exposures to methylene chloride were conducted at the same furniture stripping facility. A new ventilation system was installed for the first survey, resulting in an exhaust volume of 2900 cfm and worker exposure to methylene chloride of 59 ppm (geometric mean). Immediately after the first survey, the gasoline-powered fan was replaced by a smaller capacity electrically powered fan. Deterioration in the ventilation system was seen after seven years. Problems included clogged slots, paint chips and sawdust deposits in plenums, and a loose and frayed fan belt. The second survey indicated a reduction in exhaust volume to 1060 cfm and increased worker exposure to 330 ppm. With the smaller capacity fan still in place, the system was otherwise upgraded to allow for easier access and maintenance was performed. The third survey showed that the ventilation system performance was better (exhaust volume improved to 2080 cfm) and the worker exposures were reduced to 73 ppm. This study shows the benefits of designing for preventive maintenance and the necessity of keeping the ventilation systems clean. JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Estill, Cheryl Fairfield AU - Watkins, Daniel S AU - Hall, Ronald M AU - O'Brien, Dennis M AU - Shulman, Stanley A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA. Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 344 EP - 351 VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Methylene Chloride KW - 588X2YUY0A KW - Index Medicus KW - Interior Design and Furnishings KW - Humans KW - Methylene Chloride -- analysis KW - Occupational Health KW - Ventilation KW - Methylene Chloride -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Manufactured Materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71701756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+maintenance+and+design+for+ventilation+systems.&rft.au=Estill%2C+Cheryl+Fairfield%3BWatkins%2C+Daniel+S%3BHall%2C+Ronald+M%3BO%27Brien%2C+Dennis+M%3BShulman%2C+Stanley+A&rft.aulast=Estill&rft.aufirst=Cheryl&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=344&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a narcotic evidence holding room. AN - 71694009; 12018392 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Burton, Nancy Clark AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies of NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 315 EP - 321 VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Narcotics KW - 0 KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Drug Storage -- standards KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Narcotics -- adverse effects KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations -- analysis KW - Narcotics -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71694009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+narcotic+evidence+holding+room.&rft.au=Burton%2C+Nancy+Clark&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Approval summary for imatinib mesylate capsules in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. AN - 71677922; 12006504 AB - Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) results from the breakpoint cluster region-Abl fusion gene product, a tyrosine kinase involved in cell division and apoptosis. Imatinib, an orally administered inhibitor of the breakpoint cluster region-Abl tyrosine kinase, is capable of blocking proliferation and inducing apoptosis in CML cell lines. In this report, we describe the preclinical profile of imatinib and the data submitted in the New Drug Application that led to its marketing approval. Chemistry manufacturing and controls, animal toxicology, and biopharmaceutical data are described. Results of Phase I and Phase II clinical studies in patients with CML in blast crisis (CML-BC), in accelerated phase (CML-AP), and in chronic phase disease-resistant or intolerant to IFN-alpha (CML-CP) are summarized. The basis for marketing approval and postmarketing commitments by the pharmaceutical company are discussed. Toxicology studies in the rat, dog, and monkey show the hematological, renal, and hepatobiliary toxicity of imatinib. Pharmacokinetic studies in patients with CML demonstrate 98% imatinib bioavailability. The elimination half-lives of the parent drug and the major active metabolite, CGP74588, from plasma are approximately 18 and 40 h, respectively. Approximately 81% of the drug is eliminated in 7 days, 68% in the feces and 13% in the urine. Cytochrome P-450 3A4 is the main enzyme responsible for imatinib metabolism. Phase I and II clinical studies were conducted. The Phase I study, in 83 CML patients, evaluated oral imatinib doses from 25 to 1000 mg/day. Dose-limiting toxicity was not observed. The three Phase II studies, in CML-CP, CML-AP, and CML-BC, enrolled 1027 patients. CML-CP patients received 400 mg/day imatinib, whereas CML-AP and CML-BC patients generally received 600 mg/day imatinib. Primary study endpoints were cytogenetic response rate (CML-CP) and hematological response rate (CML-AP and CML-BC). The cytogenetic response rate for CML-CP patients was 49%. The hematological response rate of CML-AP and CML-BC patients was 63 and 26%, respectively. The most common imatinib adverse events were nausea, vomiting, myalgia, edema, and diarrhea. Elevated liver enzymes and/or bilirubin were reported in 27 patients (2.6%). On May 10, 2001, imatinib mesylate (Gleevec, formerly known as STI-571 and Glivec), manufactured and distributed by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ, was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of CML in three clinical settings: CML-BC, CML-AP, and CML-CP. This report summarizes the Food and Drug Administration's review of the New Drug Application. JF - Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research AU - Cohen, Martin H AU - Williams, Grant AU - Johnson, John R AU - Duan, John AU - Gobburu, Jogarao AU - Rahman, Atiqur AU - Benson, Kimberly AU - Leighton, John AU - Kim, Sung K AU - Wood, Rebecca AU - Rothmann, Mark AU - Chen, Gang AU - U, Khin Maung AU - Staten, Ann M AU - Pazdur, Richard AD - Division Oncology Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. cohenm@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 935 EP - 942 VL - 8 IS - 5 SN - 1078-0432, 1078-0432 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Benzamides KW - Capsules KW - Piperazines KW - Pyrimidines KW - Imatinib Mesylate KW - 8A1O1M485B KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic KW - Vomiting -- chemically induced KW - Exanthema -- chemically induced KW - Nausea -- chemically induced KW - Diarrhea -- chemically induced KW - Headache -- chemically induced KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Pyrimidines -- adverse effects KW - Pyrimidines -- therapeutic use KW - Piperazines -- therapeutic use KW - Drug Approval KW - Piperazines -- adverse effects KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive -- drug therapy KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71677922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Approval+summary+for+imatinib+mesylate+capsules+in+the+treatment+of+chronic+myelogenous+leukemia.&rft.au=Cohen%2C+Martin+H%3BWilliams%2C+Grant%3BJohnson%2C+John+R%3BDuan%2C+John%3BGobburu%2C+Jogarao%3BRahman%2C+Atiqur%3BBenson%2C+Kimberly%3BLeighton%2C+John%3BKim%2C+Sung+K%3BWood%2C+Rebecca%3BRothmann%2C+Mark%3BChen%2C+Gang%3BU%2C+Khin+Maung%3BStaten%2C+Ann+M%3BPazdur%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=935&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=10780432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Indoor particles and symptoms among office workers: results from a double-blind cross-over study. AN - 71620675; 11964931 AB - We studied the effects of removing small airborne particles in an office building without unusual contaminant sources or occupant complaints. We conducted a double-blind crossover study of enhanced particle filtration in an office building in the Midwest United States in 1993. We replaced standard particle filters, in separate ventilation systems on two floors, with highly efficient filters on alternate floors weekly over 4 weeks. Repeated-measures models were used to analyze data from weekly worker questionnaires and multiple environmental measurements. Bioaerosol concentrations were low. Enhanced filtration reduced concentrations of the smallest airborne particles by 94%. This reduction was not associated with reduced symptoms among the 396 respondents, but three performance-related mental states improved; for example, the confusion scale decreased (-3.7%; 95% confidence limits (CL) = -6.5, -0.9). Most environmental dissatisfaction variables also improved; eg, "stuffy" air, -5.3% (95% CL = -10.3, -0.4). Cooler temperatures within the recommended comfort range were associated with remarkably large improvement in most outcomes; for example, chest tightness decreased -23.4% (95% CL = -38.1, -8.7) for every 1 degrees C decrease. Benefits of enhanced filtration require assessment in buildings with higher particulate contaminant levels in studies controlling for temperature effects. Benefits from lower indoor temperatures need confirmation. JF - Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) AU - Mendell, Mark J AU - Fisk, William J AU - Petersen, Marty R AU - Hines, Cynthia J AU - Dong, Maxia AU - Faulkner, David AU - Deddens, James A AU - Ruder, Avima M AU - Sullivan, Douglas AU - Boeniger, Mark F AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA. mjmendell@lbl.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 296 EP - 304 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 1044-3983, 1044-3983 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Ventilation KW - Double-Blind Method KW - Humans KW - Particle Size KW - Linear Models KW - Temperature KW - Humidity KW - Workplace KW - Filtration KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Middle Aged KW - Female KW - Male KW - Sick Building Syndrome -- etiology KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71620675?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.atitle=Indoor+particles+and+symptoms+among+office+workers%3A+results+from+a+double-blind+cross-over+study.&rft.au=Mendell%2C+Mark+J%3BFisk%2C+William+J%3BPetersen%2C+Marty+R%3BHines%2C+Cynthia+J%3BDong%2C+Maxia%3BFaulkner%2C+David%3BDeddens%2C+James+A%3BRuder%2C+Avima+M%3BSullivan%2C+Douglas%3BBoeniger%2C+Mark+F&rft.aulast=Mendell&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=296&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.issn=10443983&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the 20-day pubertal female assay in Sprague-Dawley rats treated with DES, tamoxifen, testosterone, and flutamide. AN - 71617199; 11961216 AB - The Endocrine Disrupter Screening and Testing Advisory Committee (EDSTAC) has recommended the rodent pubertal female assay as a Tier I test to detect potential endocrine disrupters (EDs). This assay is designed to screen estrogenic activity in immature rats exposed to chemicals during sexual maturation. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether this assay can detect the EDs with effects brought about through various mechanisms. Immature Sprague-Dawley female rats (21 days of age) were dosed daily for 20 days by oral gavage (DES, tamoxifen, and flutamide) or sc injection (testosterone). The mean age at vaginal opening (VO) was 32.3 +/- 0.5 days in control rats. Although VO was unaffected by DES at doses of 0.2 and 1.0 microg/kg, a high dose of DES (5.0 microg/kg) significantly advanced the age at VO to 24 days. Both tamoxifen (50 and 200 microg/kg) and flutamide (25 mg/kg) also significantly accelerated VO to 27.8 +/- 0.5, 25.1 +/- 0.1, and 26.1 +/- 0.1, respectively. However, testosterone dose-dependently delayed VO (exposure to 1.0 mg/kg extended VO to 37.3 +/- 0.8 days, and VO did not occur in 2 of 10 animals by the time of necropsy at 41 days of age). Estrous cyclicity was monitored in rats from VO to necropsy. Irregular cycles were observed in the groups treated with DES (5.0 microg/kg), tamoxifen (200 microg/kg), testosterone (1.0 mg/kg), and flutamide (25 mg/kg). High dose of DES showed a persistent estrus state throughout the entire observation period. In addition, the number of days in diestrus was increased by tamoxifen (200 microg/kg) and flutamide (25 mg/kg) treatments. Significant decreases in ovarian weight were observed in 5.0 microg/kg DES (64% of control), 25 mg/kg flutamide (76% of control), and 200 microg/kg tamoxifen (47% of control). Testosterone also significantly decreased the ovarian weights in all treatment groups. Uterine weights were also decreased significantly at high doses of tamoxifen (200 microg/kg, 39% of control) or testosterone (1.0 mg/kg, 47% of control). In hormone analysis, tamoxifen significantly increased serum E(2) levels at 50 microg/kg. The mean serum levels of TSH were significantly increased in tamoxifen (10 and 50 microg/kg), testosterone (0.2 mg/kg), and flutamide (1.0 and 25 mg/kg) treatment groups compared with the control. However, serum T(4) levels were significantly reduced by testosterone. Furthermore, serum T(3) levels were significantly increased in DES, tamoxifen (10 and 50 microg/kg), testosterone (1.0 mg/kg), and flutamide (1.0 and 5 mg/kg). Our data demonstrate that the rodent pubertal female assay is useful for identifying potential EDs having not only estrogenic/antiestrogenic but also androgenic/antiandrogenic activities. However, further validation study is necessary to identify chemicals that operate through other action mechanisms, including steroid biosynthesis inhibitors and thyroid inhibitors. Moreover, additional data on other compounds with weak endocrine disrupting activity will be required to further characterize the sensitivity of the female pubertal assay. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Kim, Hyung Sik AU - Shin, Jae-Ho AU - Moon, Hyun Ju AU - Kim, Tae Sung AU - Kang, Il Hyun AU - Seok, Ji-Hyun AU - Kim, In Young AU - Park, Kui Lea AU - Han, Soon Young AD - National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, 5 Nokbun-dong Eunpyung-gu, Seoul 122-704, Korea. Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 52 EP - 62 VL - 67 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal KW - 0 KW - Hormone Antagonists KW - Hormones KW - Tamoxifen KW - 094ZI81Y45 KW - Testosterone KW - 3XMK78S47O KW - Diethylstilbestrol KW - 731DCA35BT KW - Flutamide KW - 76W6J0943E KW - Index Medicus KW - Vagina -- drug effects KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Vagina -- physiology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Hormones -- blood KW - Estrous Cycle -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Sexual Maturation -- drug effects KW - Sexual Maturation -- physiology KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Toxicity Tests KW - Injections, Subcutaneous KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Tamoxifen -- toxicity KW - Testosterone -- administration & dosage KW - Testosterone -- toxicity KW - Diethylstilbestrol -- toxicity KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal -- toxicity KW - Hormone Antagonists -- toxicity KW - Flutamide -- toxicity KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal -- administration & dosage KW - Hormone Antagonists -- administration & dosage KW - Diethylstilbestrol -- administration & dosage KW - Tamoxifen -- administration & dosage KW - Flutamide -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71617199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+20-day+pubertal+female+assay+in+Sprague-Dawley+rats+treated+with+DES%2C+tamoxifen%2C+testosterone%2C+and+flutamide.&rft.au=Kim%2C+Hyung+Sik%3BShin%2C+Jae-Ho%3BMoon%2C+Hyun+Ju%3BKim%2C+Tae+Sung%3BKang%2C+Il+Hyun%3BSeok%2C+Ji-Hyun%3BKim%2C+In+Young%3BPark%2C+Kui+Lea%3BHan%2C+Soon+Young&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Hyung&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=52&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-30 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health impacts of coal and coal use; possible solutions AN - 52044003; 2002-081698 AB - Coal will be a dominant energy source in both developed and developing countries for at least the first half of the 21st century. Environmental problems associated with coal, before mining, during mining, in storage, during combustion, and postcombustion waste products are well known and are being addressed by ongoing research. The connection between potential environmental problems with human health is a fairly new field and requires the cooperation of both the geoscience and medical disciplines. Three research programs that illustrate this collaboration are described and used to present a range of human health problems that are potentially caused by coal. Domestic combustion of coal in China has, in some cases, severely affected human health. Both on a local and regional scale, human health has been adversely affected by coals containing arsenic, fluorine, selenium, and possibly, mercury. Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), an irreversible kidney disease of unknown origin, has been related to the proximity of Pliocene lignite deposits. The working hypothesis is that groundwater is leaching toxic organic compounds as it passes through the lignites and that these organics are then ingested by the local population contributing to this health problem. Human disease associated with coal mining mainly results from inhalation of particulate matter during the mining process. The disease is Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis characterized by coal dust-induced lesions in the gas exchange regions of the lung; the coal worker's "black lung disease". JF - International Journal of Coal Geology AU - Finkelman, Robert B AU - Orem, William H AU - Castranova, Vincent AU - Tatu, Calin A AU - Belkin, Harvey E AU - Zheng, Baoshan AU - Lerch, Harry E AU - Maharaj, Susan V AU - Bates, Anne L Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 425 EP - 443 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 50 IS - 1-4 SN - 0166-5162, 0166-5162 KW - toxic materials KW - Balkan Foreland KW - Balkan endemic nephropathy KW - medical geology KW - global KW - fluorosis KW - arsenic KW - pollution KW - Europe KW - Southern Europe KW - human ecology KW - environmental management KW - carcinogens KW - sedimentary rocks KW - metals KW - coal KW - ecology KW - Bulgaria KW - heavy metals KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52044003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Coal+Geology&rft.atitle=Health+impacts+of+coal+and+coal+use%3B+possible+solutions&rft.au=Finkelman%2C+Robert+B%3BOrem%2C+William+H%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent%3BTatu%2C+Calin+A%3BBelkin%2C+Harvey+E%3BZheng%2C+Baoshan%3BLerch%2C+Harry+E%3BMaharaj%2C+Susan+V%3BBates%2C+Anne+L&rft.aulast=Finkelman&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Coal+Geology&rft.issn=01665162&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01665162 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 64 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arsenic; Balkan endemic nephropathy; Balkan Foreland; Bulgaria; carcinogens; coal; ecology; environmental management; Europe; fluorosis; global; heavy metals; human ecology; medical geology; metals; pollution; sedimentary rocks; Southern Europe; toxic materials ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An In Vitro Assay To Evaluate Competitive Exclusion Products for Poultry AN - 18610274; 5509406 AB - An in vitro assay was developed to measure the ability of competitive exclusion (CE) bacteria to protect Caco-2 and CRL-2117 epithelial cells from invasion by Salmonella Typhimurium. The proposed assay is needed to expedite the development of defined-flora CE products. The average significantly protective concentration of the commercial poultry-specific CE product Preempt was 4.05 log CFU/6.41 log human Caco-2 cells and 3.71 log CFU/6.89 log CFU chicken CRL-2117 cells. Enterococcus faecalis isolated from Preempt protected CRL-2117 cells, Escherichia coli isolates protected Caco-2 cells, Lactococcus lactis and Bacteroides distasonis isolates protected both cell lines, and three species of Lactobacillus isolates failed to protect either cell line. A defined mixture of 29 strains of bacteria similar to the constituents of Preempt protected both cell lines from Salmonella invasion at a concentration of 7.83 log CFU. The constituents of the defined CE culture were separated into mixtures of obligate (8.42 log CFU) and facultative (8.49 log CFU) anaerobes, which both protected the cell lines, suggesting that both types of bacteria were equally protective. Although not a substitute for in vivo testing, the in vitro CE assay is a rapid technique for the evaluation of bacterial mixtures for potential CE products. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Wagner, R D AU - Holland, M AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Microbiology Division, National Center for Toxicological Research (HFT-250), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 746 EP - 751 VL - 65 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - CRL-2117 cells KW - Caco-2 cells KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18610274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=An+In+Vitro+Assay+To+Evaluate+Competitive+Exclusion+Products+for+Poultry&rft.au=Wagner%2C+R+D%3BHolland%2C+M%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=746&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The food safety perspective of antibiotic resistance AN - 18488199; 5451536 AB - Bacterial antimicrobial resistance in both the medical and agricultural fields has become a serious problem worldwide. Antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria are an increasing threat to animal and human health, with resistance mechanisms having been identified and described for all known antimicrobials currently available for clinical use. There is currently increased public and scientific interest regarding the administration of therapeutic and subtherapeutic antimicrobials to animals, due primarily to the emergence and dissemination of multiple antibiotic resistant zoonotic bacterial pathogens. This issue has been the subject of heated debates for many years, however, there is still no complete consensus on the significance of antimicrobial use in animals, or resistance in bacterial isolates from animals, on the development and dissemination of antibiotic resistance among human bacterial pathogens. In fact, the debate regarding antimicrobial use in animals and subsequent human health implications has been going on for over 30 years, beginning with the release of the Swann report in the United Kingdom. The latest report released by the National Research Council (1998) confirmed that there were substantial information gaps that contribute to the difficulty of assessing potential detrimental effects of antimicrobials in food animals on human health. Regardless of the controversy, bacterial pathogens of animal and human origin are becoming increasingly resistant to most frontline antimicrobials, including expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and even fluoroquinolones. The lion's share of these antimicrobial resistant phenotypes is gained from extra-chromosomal genes that may impart resistance to an entire antimicrobial class. In recent years, a number of these resistance genes have been associated with large, transferable, extra-chromosomal DNA elements, called plasmids, on which may be other DNA mobile elements, such as transposons and integrons. These DNA mobile elements have been shown to transmit genetic determinants for several different antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and may account for the rapid dissemination of resistance genes among different bacteria. The increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistant bacterial pathogens has severe implications for the future treatment and prevention of infectious diseases in both animals and humans. Although much scientific information is available on this subject, many aspects of the development of antimicrobial resistance still remain uncertain. The emergence and dissemination of bacterial antimicrobial resistance is the result of numerous complex interactions among antimicrobials, microorganisms, and the surrounding environments. Although research has linked the use of antibiotics in agriculture to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant foodborne pathogens, debate still continues whether this role is significant enough to merit further regulation or restriction. JF - Animal Biotechnology AU - McDermott, P F AU - Zhao, S AU - Wagner, D D AU - Simjee, S AU - Walker, R D AU - White, D G AD - Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA, dwhite@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 71 EP - 84 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 1049-5398, 1049-5398 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18488199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=The+food+safety+perspective+of+antibiotic+resistance&rft.au=McDermott%2C+P+F%3BZhao%2C+S%3BWagner%2C+D+D%3BSimjee%2C+S%3BWalker%2C+R+D%3BWhite%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=McDermott&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10495398&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FABIO-120005771 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ABIO-120005771 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Evaluation of an Engineering Control to Prevent Carbon Monoxide Poisonings of Individuals on and Around Houseboats AN - 18425492; 5404459 AB - From 1990 to 2000, a total of 111 carbon monoxide (CO) poisonings occurred on Lake Powell near the Arizona and Utah border. Seventy-four of the poisonings occurred on houseboats, and 64 were attributable to generator exhaust alone. Seven of the 74 houseboat-related CO poisonings resulted in death. Although many of the reported CO poisonings occurred to members of the general public, some poisonings involved workers performing houseboat maintenance. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health evaluated an engineering control retrofitted to a houseboat gasoline-powered generator to reduce the hazard of CO poisoning from the exhaust. The control consisted of a water separator and a 17-foot exhaust stack that extended 9 feet above the upper deck of the houseboat. When compared to a houseboat having no engineering controls, study results showed that the exhaust stack provides a dramatically safer environment to individuals on or near the houseboat. CO concentrations were reduced by 10 times or more at numerous locations on the houseboat. Average CO concentrations near the rear swim deck of the houseboat, an area where occupants frequently congregate, were reduced from an average of 606.6 ppm to 2.85 ppm, a reduction greater than 99%. CO concentrations were also reduced on the upper deck of the houseboat. Hazardous CO concentration in the confined area beneath the rear swim deck were eliminated. Based on the results of this study, it is clear that houseboats having gasoline-powered generators that have been outfitted from the factory or retrofitted with an exhaust stack that extends well above the upper deck of the boat will greatly reduce the hazard of CO poisoning. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Earnest, G S AU - Dunn, KH AU - Hall, R M AU - McCleery, R E AU - McCammon, J B AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 361 EP - 369 VL - 63 IS - 3 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - houseboats KW - man KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18425492?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=An+Evaluation+of+an+Engineering+Control+to+Prevent+Carbon+Monoxide+Poisonings+of+Individuals+on+and+Around+Houseboats&rft.au=Earnest%2C+G+S%3BDunn%2C+KH%3BHall%2C+R+M%3BMcCleery%2C+R+E%3BMcCammon%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Earnest&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Engineering Controls for Furniture Strippers to Meet the OSHA Methylene Chloride PEL AN - 18422914; 5404454 AB - This case study demonstrates how methylene chloride exposures during furniture stripping can be reduced to below the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 25 ppm (as an 8-hour time-weighted average). Five surveys were conducted at one facility; the first four resulted in employee exposure geometric means from 39 to 332 ppm. For the fifth survey local exhaust ventilation was used at the stripping tank and the rinsing area, which together exhausted 138 m super(3)/min (4860 ft super(3)/min). Additional controls included providing adequate make-up air, adding paraffin wax to the stripping solution, raising the level of the stripping solution in the tank, and discussing good work practices with the employee. The employees' methylene chloride exposures during the fifth survey resulted in a geometric mean of 5.6 ppm with a 95% upper confidence limit of 8.3 ppm, which was found to be significantly lower than the OSHA PEL and the OSHA action level of 12.5 ppm. The cost of the ventilation system was $8900. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Estill, C F AU - Watkins, D S AU - Shulman, SA AU - Kurimo, R W AU - Kovein, R J AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Mailstop C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, CEstill@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 326 EP - 333 VL - 63 IS - 3 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - furniture industry KW - methylene chloride KW - safety regulations KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18422914?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Engineering+Controls+for+Furniture+Strippers+to+Meet+the+OSHA+Methylene+Chloride+PEL&rft.au=Estill%2C+C+F%3BWatkins%2C+D+S%3BShulman%2C+SA%3BKurimo%2C+R+W%3BKovein%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Estill&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=326&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In-Use Testing and Interpretation of Chemical-Resistant Glove Performance AN - 17748368; 6095627 AB - Issuing gloves to workers is the most common approach to protecting against skin contact with hazardous chemicals. Typically, glove materials are selected and duration of wear is estimated based on comparisons of laboratory test data. Those who select the glove materials often fail to verify their selections by testing the glove during actual use. This failure poses a common but potentially serious hazard to workers. Although methods are available for assessing permeation rates during actual use, such testing is unlikely without acceptable exposure guidance criteria for decision making. This document reviews methods for testing glove performance during actual use and suggests an approach for estimating acceptable exposure guidance criteria for evaluation of chemicals that are systemically absorbed. It is the authors' opinion that as of now an approach to estimating exposure criteria for chemical irritants and sensitizers may not be feasible. With available data resources, acceptable glove exposure criteria could be generated for use in assessing the risk of using specific gloves for handling many compounds in occupational settings. JF - Applied Occupational & Environmental Hygiene AU - Boeniger, F AU - Klingner, D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 368 EP - 378 PB - Elsevier Science Inc., Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com] VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Skin KW - Materials testing KW - gloves KW - Protective clothing KW - Reviews KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17748368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=In-Use+Testing+and+Interpretation+of+Chemical-Resistant+Glove+Performance&rft.au=Boeniger%2C+F%3BKlingner%2C+D&rft.aulast=Boeniger&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=368&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gloves; Occupational exposure; Materials testing; Reviews; Skin; Protective clothing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - d-MDMA during vitamin E deficiency: effects on dopaminergic neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. AN - 71569918; 11931860 AB - The mechanism of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (d-MDMA)-induced neurotoxicity may involve formation of toxic radical species. Endogenous defenses against toxic radical species include tissue stores of vitamin E, and thiols. We examined whether vitamin E deficiency could alter d-MDMA-induced neurotoxicity by administration of the drug to animals with diet induced vitamin E deficiency. Brain vitamin E levels in deficient mice were reduced 75% compared to sufficient animals. Animals received d-MDMA 5 or 10 mg/kg or saline (delivered every 2 hx4, s.c.). Diet slightly altered d-MDMA-induced temperature modulation. In brain, MDMA treatment reduced vitamin E, total antioxidant reserve and protein thiols 72 h after the first dose. In liver, MDMA treatment reduced glutathione and total antioxidant reserve at the same time point. The vitamin E-deficient group, treated with the low dose of d-MDMA, exhibited neurotoxic responses, including reduced striatal dopamine (47%) and elevated GFAP protein (3-fold): while the sufficient diet group was not altered. The higher d-MDMA dose caused neurotoxic responses in both diet groups. Liver toxicity was determined by histopathologic examination. d-MDMA caused hepatic necrosis that was more severe in vitamin E deficient than sufficient mice. These data indicate that (1) d-MDMA administration reduces antioxidant measures at a time coincident with d-MDMA-induced neuronal damage and (2) vitamin E deficiency increases susceptibility to d-MDMA-induced neurotoxicity and hepatic necrosis. JF - Brain research AU - Johnson, Elizabeth Anne AU - Shvedova, Anna A AU - Kisin, Elena AU - O'Callaghan, James P AU - Kommineni, Choudari AU - Miller, Diane B AD - Chronic Stress Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health/Centers for Disease Control, Mailstop 3014, 1095 Willowdale Road, 26505, Morgantown, WV, USA. edj@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/04/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 19 SP - 150 EP - 163 VL - 933 IS - 2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Antioxidants KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - Free Radicals KW - Neurotoxins KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine KW - KE1SEN21RM KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cell Death -- physiology KW - Hepatocytes -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- physiology KW - Food, Formulated KW - Vitamin E -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Hepatocytes -- pathology KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Cell Death -- drug effects KW - Free Radicals -- metabolism KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- drug effects KW - Necrosis KW - Antioxidants -- metabolism KW - Down-Regulation -- physiology KW - Down-Regulation -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- metabolism KW - Hepatocytes -- metabolism KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Neurons -- metabolism KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity KW - Neurons -- pathology KW - Vitamin E Deficiency -- physiopathology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Vitamin E Deficiency -- pathology KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine -- toxicity KW - Vitamin E Deficiency -- metabolism KW - Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71569918?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=d-MDMA+during+vitamin+E+deficiency%3A+effects+on+dopaminergic+neurotoxicity+and+hepatotoxicity.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Elizabeth+Anne%3BShvedova%2C+Anna+A%3BKisin%2C+Elena%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+James+P%3BKommineni%2C+Choudari%3BMiller%2C+Diane+B&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.date=2002-04-19&rft.volume=933&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=150&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic treatment with supraphysiological levels of corticosterone enhances D-MDMA-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in the C57BL/6J female mouse AN - 18372247; 5354837 AB - Chronic stress and extended periods of elevated circulating glucocorticoids have been reported to exacerbate excitotoxicity-induced hippocampal neuronal injury in rat. Despite continued interest in the effects of protracted exposure to stress or glucocorticoids, there has been little examination of how other types of neurotoxicity may be exacerbated or blocked, by stress. Here we examined the effects of chronic supraphysiologic levels of corticosterone on d-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (d-MDMA)-induced striatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity in the female C57BL/6J mouse. Corticosterone (5 mg, 15 mg or placebo) pellets were implanted to continuously elevate circulating glucocorticoids and create a model of the ultimate effect of chronic activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. After 7 days, a neurotoxic regimen of d-MDMA was administered (20 mg/kg s.c. every 2 h x 4); thymus, spleen, striatum and hippocampus were collected 72 h later. Significant involution of thymus and spleen confirmed the bioavailability of the corticosterone at both dosages. d-MDMA increased the striatal levels of the astrocyte-localized protein glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, a marker of gliosis); both dosages of corticosterone exacerbated this increase but only the 15 mg pellet exacerbated the decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase protein. Corticosterone alone or in combination with d-MDMA produced no neural injury in hippocampus, as measured by GFAP. Our work indicates corticosterone was able to increase the vulnerability of the striatum, but not the hippocampus to d-MDMA. An examination of other mouse strains and models of neurotoxic injury would be useful in determining the general validity of the glucocorticoid neuroendangerment hypothesis. JF - Brain Research AU - Johnson, E A AU - O'Callaghan, J P AU - Miller, D B AD - Chronic Stress and Molecular Neurotoxicology Laboratories, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH/CDC, 1095 Willowdale Road, 26505 Morgantown, WV USA Y1 - 2002/04/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 19 SP - 130 EP - 138 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 933 IS - 2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - females KW - mice KW - mouse KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - N3 11106:Neurobiology of drug abuse KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18372247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+Research&rft.atitle=Chronic+treatment+with+supraphysiological+levels+of+corticosterone+enhances+D-MDMA-induced+dopaminergic+neurotoxicity+in+the+C57BL%2F6J+female+mouse&rft.au=Johnson%2C+E+A%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+J+P%3BMiller%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-04-19&rft.volume=933&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=130&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+Research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reporting Results From Studies Evaluating Diagnostic Tests AN - 18403923; 5390106 AB - Evaluating a new diagnostic test requires careful planning. It involves choosing the appropriate comparative procedure, patients, specimens, and individuals performing the tests. The type of study design used to evaluate a new test has a direct impact on how the study results can be reported. This article describes some statistically appropriate and inappropriate practices for reporting results from different studies evaluating qualitative diagnostic tests. Special attention is given to describing a practice called discrepant resolution and its associated problems. JF - Clinical Microbiology Newsletter AU - Meier, K L AD - Division of Biostatistics, HFZ-542, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20850, USA Y1 - 2002/04/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 15 SP - 60 EP - 63 VL - 24 IS - 8 SN - 0196-4399, 0196-4399 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01113:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18403923?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Microbiology+Newsletter&rft.atitle=Reporting+Results+From+Studies+Evaluating+Diagnostic+Tests&rft.au=Meier%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Meier&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-04-15&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Microbiology+Newsletter&rft.issn=01964399&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of posture on dynamic back loading during a cable lifting task AN - 18049739; 6001399 AB - This study evaluated spinal loads associated with lifting and hanging heavy mining cable in a variety of postures. This electrical cable can weigh up to 10 kg per metre and is often lifted in restricted spaces in underground coal mines. Seven male subjects performed eight cable lifting and hanging tasks, while trunk kinematic data and trunk muscle electromyograms (EMGs) were obtained. The eight tasks were combinations of four postures (standing, stooping, kneeling on one knee, or kneeling on both knees) and two levels of cable load (0 N or 100 N load added to the existing cable weight). An EMG-assisted model was used to calculate forces and moments acting on the lumbar spine. A two-way split-plot ANOVA showed that increased load (p < 0.05) and changes in lifting posture (p < 0.05) independently affected trunk muscle recruitment and spinal loading. The increase in cable load resulted in higher EMG activity of all trunk muscles and increased axial and lateral bending moments on the spine (p < 0.05). Changes in posture caused more selective adjustments in muscle recruitment and affected the sagittal plane moment (p < 0.05). Despite the more selective nature of trunk EMG changes due to posture, the magnitude of changes in spinal loading was often quite dramatic. However, average compression values exceeded 3400 N for all cable lifting tasks. JF - Ergonomics AU - Gallagher, S AU - Marras, W S AU - Davis, K G AU - Kovacs, K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA 15236-0070, USA Y1 - 2002/04/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 15 SP - 380 EP - 398 VL - 45 IS - 5 SN - 0014-0139, 0014-0139 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Materials handling KW - Musculoskeletal system KW - Spine KW - Posture KW - Lifting KW - Ergonomics KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18049739?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Mortgage+News&rft.atitle=Three+More+Former+Homestore+Employees+Charged+in+Securities+Case&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-10-13&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=National+Mortgage+News&rft.issn=10503331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lifting; Spine; Posture; Materials handling; Ergonomics; Musculoskeletal system ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vanadate-induced cell growth arrest is p53-dependent through activation of p21 in C141 cells. AN - 71573672; 11931974 AB - Vanadium is widely used in industry. It is a potent toxic agent and carcinogen. The mechanisms involved in its toxicity and carcinogenesis are still unclear. Improper cell growth is believed to be involved in cancer development. The present study investigated the regulation of p53 on vanadate-induced cell growth arrest using both p53 wild type C141 cells and p53 deficient embryo fibroblasts (p53 -/-). On vanadate stimulation, C141 cells exhibited a dose- and time-dependent S phase arrest as determined by DNA content analysis. In contrast, vanadate was unable to increase the percentage of S phase in p53 -/- cells. Luciferase assay showed that vanadate induced p53 activation in a dose- and time-dependent manner in p53 wild type C141 cells. Addition of pifithrin-alpha (PFT), a specific inhibitor of p53, reduced the activation of p53 with a concomitant decrease in growth arrest at S phase. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that vanadate caused a dose- and time-dependent increase of p21 level in C141 cells. Pretreatment of C141 cells with PFT decreased p21 expression induced by vanadate while the p21 expression did not vary in vanadate stimulated p53 -/- cells. The results obtained from the present study suggest that vanadate is able to induce S phase arrest through p53- and p21-dependent pathway. JF - Journal of inorganic biochemistry AU - Zhang, Zhuo AU - Huang, Chuanshu AU - Li, Jinxia AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2002/04/10/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 10 SP - 142 EP - 148 VL - 89 IS - 1-2 SN - 0162-0134, 0162-0134 KW - Cdkn1a protein, mouse KW - 0 KW - Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 KW - Cyclins KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 KW - Vanadates KW - 3WHH0066W5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Blotting, Western KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Time Factors KW - Cell Line KW - Gene Deletion KW - Vanadates -- pharmacology KW - Cyclins -- metabolism KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- genetics KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- metabolism KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- deficiency UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71573672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+inorganic+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Vanadate-induced+cell+growth+arrest+is+p53-dependent+through+activation+of+p21+in+C141+cells.&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Zhuo%3BHuang%2C+Chuanshu%3BLi%2C+Jinxia%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Zhuo&rft.date=2002-04-10&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=142&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+inorganic+biochemistry&rft.issn=01620134&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-31 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - EXPANSION OF THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION (CDC) CHAMBLEE CAMPUS, ATLANTA, DEKALB COUNTY, GEORGIA. AN - 36419430; 9254 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of a master plan for the expansion of the Chamblee Campus of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia is proposed. The CDC is an agency of the Department of Health and Human Services with a critical mission to safeguard the health of the American public through detection, investigation, control, and prevention of communicable diseases. The 48.5-acre Chamblee Campus, which is one of the two primary CDC campuses in the Atlanta metropolitan area, currently consists primarily of buildings constructed between 1940 and 1993, many of which no longer satisfy the essential technical needs of CDC programs. In addition to the other primary campus, the main Roybal Campus and CDC headquarters at Clifton Road, CDC components are located throughout the Atlanta area at 23 leased locations. The CDC anticipates an increase in personnel at the Chablee Campus from a current staff of approximately 700 employees to 3,700 employees within 10 years. In addition to the proposed master plan, this draft EIS addresses a No Action Alternative. The master plan would provide for demolition of 17 outdated buildings, construction of four new buildings, and the renovation of several other buildings on the campus. The plan is based on a current inventory of 245,500 net useable square feet of office and laboratory space, which includes two buildings, (Nos. 103 and 109) that are currently under construction to replace space lost from buildings previously removed from the campus. The master plan would meet a cumulative need for 706,200 net usable square feet of space. Additional parking would be provided to increase capacity from 591 spaces to 3,390 spaces. Design and construction of specific buildings, associated parking facilities, and support facilities would be based on year-by-year federal appropriations to fund individual projects. Over the 10-year planning period, four new buildings would be constructed and 17 substandard buildings demolished. Construction activities would be restricted largely to the existing disturbed areas of the campus, encompassing 26 acres. The proposed action would also provide for enhanced security at the campus in response to the terrorist events of September 11, 2001. POSITIVE IMPACTS: In addition to upgrading facilities to contemporary standards, the master plan would also accommodate expected growth in CDC activities through the year 2010. The plan would also consolidate and relocate off-campus operations performed at nearby leased facilities by allowing their relocation to the Chamblee Campus. The aesthetic quality of the campus would be improved, and security against terrorist attacks would be enhanced substantially. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Two acres of vegetated upland area in the southwestern portion of the property would be disturbed, as would a strip of upland fringe on the eastern side of the developed area. The balance of approximately 20 acres at the site, including 11.4 acres of floodplain and 4.6 acres of jurisdictional wetlands, is currently vegetated and would remain undisturbed. Any future activity that would disturb this 20-acre area would require further EIS documentation. The increased levels of traffic generated by the expanded facility would affect certain roadway intersections in the area. JF - EPA number: 020137, 103 pages, April 4, 2002 PY - 2002 KW - Urban and Social Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Cultural Resources KW - Demolition KW - Floodplains KW - Land Use KW - Noise KW - Parking KW - Public Health KW - Research Facilities KW - Safety KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Vegetation KW - Visual Resources KW - Wetlands KW - Georgia UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36419430?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-04-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=EXPANSION+OF+THE+CENTERS+FOR+DISEASE+CONTROL+AND+PREVENTION+%28CDC%29+CHAMBLEE+CAMPUS%2C+ATLANTA%2C+DEKALB+COUNTY%2C+GEORGIA.&rft.title=EXPANSION+OF+THE+CENTERS+FOR+DISEASE+CONTROL+AND+PREVENTION+%28CDC%29+CHAMBLEE+CAMPUS%2C+ATLANTA%2C+DEKALB+COUNTY%2C+GEORGIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - General Services Administration, Atlanta, Georgia; GSA N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: April 4, 2002 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Susceptibility to the ototoxic properties of toluene is species specific. AN - 85372538; pmid-12062755 AB - Toluene is the most widely used industrial solvent. It has been shown to be ototoxic in mice and rats, and to increase permanent threshold shift in conjunction with exposure to noise. Chinchillas are widely used for studying noise effects on the cochlea. The present study was initiated to study toluene and noise interaction in chinchillas. Thirty-three chinchillas were exposed to a 95 dBA 500 Hz octave band noise plus 2000 ppm toluene, 8 or 12 h per day for 10 days. Auditory function was estimated using the auditory brainstem response (ABR) to tones between 500 Hz and 16 kHz. There was no effect on the ABR of toluene alone. Noise alone produced a threshold shift. There was no interaction of noise and toluene on the ear. The present study suggests that chinchillas are markedly less susceptible to the ototoxic effect of toluene than mice and rats. A working hypothesis as to the species differences was that chinchilla liver was able to detoxify the toluene. Hepatic microsomes from chinchillas, rats and humans were tested for their ability to convert toluene to the more water-soluble compound - benzyl alcohol. Chinchilla livers were found to contain more of the P450 enzymes CYP2E1 and CYP2B than rats or humans. In addition, the data show that the P450 enzymes are more active in chinchillas than in rats and humans. In conclusion, the results suggest that rats and mice are a more appropriate model for human toluene ototoxicity. However, chinchillas may provide a valuable model for investigating how ototoxic agents can be detoxified to less damaging compounds. JF - Hearing research AU - Davis, Rickie R AU - Murphy, William J AU - Snawder, John E AU - Striley, Cynthia A F AU - Henderson, Donald AU - Khan, Amir AU - Krieg, Edward F AD - Hearing Loss Prevention Section, Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. rrd1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 24 EP - 32 VL - 166 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-5955, 0378-5955 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Animals KW - Benzyl Alcohol: metabolism KW - *Chinchilla: physiology KW - *Cochlea: drug effects KW - Cochlea: injuries KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1: metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2: metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1: metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1: metabolism KW - Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem: drug effects KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced: etiology KW - Humans KW - Metabolic Detoxication, Drug KW - Mice KW - Microsomes, Liver: metabolism KW - Noise: adverse effects KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Species Specificity KW - Toluene: pharmacokinetics KW - *Toluene: toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85372538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hearing+research&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+to+the+ototoxic+properties+of+toluene+is+species+specific.&rft.au=Davis%2C+Rickie+R%3BMurphy%2C+William+J%3BSnawder%2C+John+E%3BStriley%2C+Cynthia+A+F%3BHenderson%2C+Donald%3BKhan%2C+Amir%3BKrieg%2C+Edward+F&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Rickie&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=166&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hearing+research&rft.issn=03785955&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Ecstasy abuse and control: hearing before the Senate Subcommittee on Governmental Affairs--July 30, 2001. Statement for the record. AN - 72870048; 12691202 JF - Journal of psychoactive drugs AU - Leshner, Alan I PY - 2002 SP - 133 EP - 135 VL - 34 IS - 2 KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine KW - KE1SEN21RM KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Legislation, Drug KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Policy Making KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine -- therapeutic use KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine -- adverse effects KW - Drug and Narcotic Control -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Federal Government UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72870048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk&rft.atitle=Loan+portfolio+value&rft.au=Vasicek%2C+Oldrich&rft.aulast=Vasicek&rft.aufirst=Oldrich&rft.date=2007-07-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=130&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk&rft.issn=09528776&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-24 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Derived trail making test indices in a sample of marijuana abusers: demographic effects. AN - 72135671; 12325396 AB - Derived indices on the Trail Making Test (TMT), a test often used for screening for cognitive impairment, were examined in a sample of marijuana abusers in drug abuse treatment programs. A mixed-race sample of 259 subjects was drawn from electronic files of data from the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS). The DATOS was a naturalistic, prospective cohort study that collected data from 1991 to 1993 in 96 programs in 11 cities in the United States. Data were analyzed to determine the effects of demographic variables on derived indices created by adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing Parts A and B of the TMT in this large treatment sample of marijuana abusers. The variables of age, ethnicity, and education were statistically significant for the total (A + B), and interaction (A x B/100) derived indices of the TMT. The difference score (B - A) was significant only for ethnicity and the ratio score (B/A) was not significant for any demographic variable. JF - The International journal of neuroscience AU - Horton, Arthur MacNeill AU - Roberts, Charles AD - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockwall II Building, Suite 840, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. ahorton@samhsa.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 429 EP - 438 VL - 112 IS - 4 SN - 0020-7454, 0020-7454 KW - Index Medicus KW - Demography KW - Mass Screening KW - Prospective Studies KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Data Collection KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Trail Making Test KW - Cognition Disorders -- etiology KW - Cognition Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Marijuana Abuse -- complications KW - Marijuana Abuse -- rehabilitation KW - Marijuana Abuse -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72135671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.atitle=Derived+trail+making+test+indices+in+a+sample+of+marijuana+abusers%3A+demographic+effects.&rft.au=Horton%2C+Arthur+MacNeill%3BRoberts%2C+Charles&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.issn=00207454&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of multiplexed fluorescence microbead covalent assays (FMCAs) for pesticide biomonitoring. AN - 71822465; 12069049 JF - Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Biagini, R E AU - Murphy, D M AU - Sammons, D L AU - Smith, J P AU - Striley, C A F AU - MacKenzie, B A AD - Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 470 EP - 477 VL - 68 IS - 4 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Acetamides KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Herbicides KW - Atrazine KW - QJA9M5H4IM KW - metolachlor KW - X0I01K05X2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Immunoassay -- methods KW - Fluorescence KW - Humans KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Microspheres KW - Acetamides -- analysis KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Atrazine -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71822465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Development+of+multiplexed+fluorescence+microbead+covalent+assays+%28FMCAs%29+for+pesticide+biomonitoring.&rft.au=Biagini%2C+R+E%3BMurphy%2C+D+M%3BSammons%2C+D+L%3BSmith%2C+J+P%3BStriley%2C+C+A+F%3BMacKenzie%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Biagini&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=470&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A random walk model of skin permeation. AN - 71739176; 12022675 AB - A new mathematical model for permeability of chemicals in aqueous vehicle through skin is presented. The rationale for this model is to represent diffusion by its fundamental molecular mechanism, i.e., random thermal motion. Diffusion is modeled as a two-dimensional random walk through the biphasic (lipid and corneocyte) stratum corneum (SC). This approach permits calculations of diffusion phenomena in a morphologically realistic SC structure. Two concepts are key in the application of the model to the prediction of steady-state skin permeability coefficients: "effective diffusivity" and "effective path length," meaning the diffusivity and thickness of a homogeneous membrane having identical permeation properties as the stratum corneum. Algebraic expressions for these two variables are developed as functions of the molecular weight and octanol-water partition coefficient of the diffusing substance. Combining these with expressions for membrane-vehicle partition coefficient and permeability of the aqueous epidermis enables the calculation of steady-state skin permeability coefficients. The resulting four-parameter algebraic model was regressed against the "Flynn data base" with excellent results (R2 = 0.84: SE = 0.0076; F = 154; N = 94). The model provides insight into the contributions of stratum corneum diffusivity and effective path lengths to overall skin permeability and may prove useful in the prediction of non-steady-state diffusion phenomena. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Frasch, H Frederick AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. hbf9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 265 EP - 276 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Xenobiotics KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Permeability KW - Humans KW - Diffusion KW - Risk Assessment KW - Mathematics KW - Xenobiotics -- pharmacokinetics KW - Skin -- metabolism KW - Xenobiotics -- toxicity KW - Models, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71739176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Week+%28Online%29&rft.atitle=Haunted+Homestore.com&rft.au=Christopher+Palmeri+in+Los+Angeles&rft.aulast=Christopher+Palmeri+in+Los+Angeles&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-04-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=N.A&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Business+Week+%28Online%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time course of pulmonary response of rats to inhalation of crystalline silica: NF-kappa B activation, inflammation, cytokine production, and damage. AN - 71714789; 12028809 AB - In vitro studies suggest that silica-induced lung disease may be linked to processes regulated by nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation, but this has not been examined in vivo. Rats were exposed to a silica aerosol of 15 mg/m(3) (6 h/day, 5 days/wk) for 116 days, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was conducted at various times during the exposure. Silica-induced pulmonary inflammation and damage were determined by measuring BAL cell differentials and first BAL fluid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and serum albumin concentrations, respectively. NF-kappa B activation and production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) by BAL cells were also measured. The results demonstrate that NF-kappa B activation occurred after 5 days exposure, and continued to increase thereafter. BAL cell production of IL-1 and TNF-alpha had increased incrementally by 10 and 30 days of exposure, respectively. This elevation continued through 79 days of exposure before further increasing at 116 days of exposure. Pulmonary inflammation and damage in silica-exposed rats were also significantly elevated at 5 days of exposure, further increased at a slow rate through 41 days of exposure, and dramatically increased thereafter. Taken together, the results indicate that the initial molecular response of NF-kappa B activation in BAL cells occurs in response to low levels of silica deposition in the lung and increases more rapidly versus exposure duration than silica-induced pulmonary inflammation, cellular damage, and cytokine production by BAL cells. This suggests that NF-kappa B activation in BAL cells may play an important role in the initiation and progression of silica-induced pulmonary inflammation, cellular damage, and fibrosis. JF - Inhalation toxicology AU - Porter, Dale W AU - Ye, Jianping AU - Ma, Jane AU - Barger, Mark AU - Robinson, Victor A AU - Ramsey, Dawn AU - McLaurin, Jeff AU - Khan, Amir AU - Landsittel, Douglas AU - Teass, Alexander AU - Castranova, Vincent AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. DPorter@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 349 EP - 367 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0895-8378, 0895-8378 KW - Cytokines KW - 0 KW - NF-kappa B KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Inflammation -- physiopathology KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- pathology KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- chemically induced KW - Kinetics KW - Disease Progression KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Lung -- immunology KW - NF-kappa B -- biosynthesis KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Cytokines -- biosynthesis KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Silicon Dioxide -- chemistry KW - Silicon Dioxide -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71714789?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.atitle=Time+course+of+pulmonary+response+of+rats+to+inhalation+of+crystalline+silica%3A+NF-kappa+B+activation%2C+inflammation%2C+cytokine+production%2C+and+damage.&rft.au=Porter%2C+Dale+W%3BYe%2C+Jianping%3BMa%2C+Jane%3BBarger%2C+Mark%3BRobinson%2C+Victor+A%3BRamsey%2C+Dawn%3BMcLaurin%2C+Jeff%3BKhan%2C+Amir%3BLandsittel%2C+Douglas%3BTeass%2C+Alexander%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Dale&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.issn=08958378&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-11 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Women's trials: the approval of the first oral contraceptive pill in the United States and Great Britain. AN - 71663536; 11995593 JF - Journal of the history of medicine and allied sciences AU - Junod, Suzanne White AU - Marks, Lara AD - FDA History Office, HFC-24, Room 13-51, Rockville, MD, USA. sjunod@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 117 EP - 160 VL - 57 IS - 2 SN - 0022-5045, 0022-5045 KW - Contraceptives, Oral KW - 0 KW - Contraceptives, Oral, Combined KW - Estradiol Congeners KW - Infecundin KW - 8015-30-3 KW - Norethynodrel KW - 88181ACA0M KW - Mestranol KW - B2V233XGE7 KW - Bioethics KW - Index Medicus KW - History of medicine KW - Genetics and Reproduction KW - United States KW - Contraceptives, Oral -- adverse effects KW - Contraceptives, Oral -- history KW - History, 20th Century KW - Women's Health KW - Humans KW - United States Food and Drug Administration -- history KW - United Kingdom KW - Female KW - Mestranol -- adverse effects KW - Estradiol Congeners -- adverse effects KW - Contraceptives, Oral, Combined -- history KW - Estradiol Congeners -- history KW - Drug Approval -- history KW - Mestranol -- history KW - Contraceptives, Oral, Combined -- adverse effects KW - Norethynodrel -- history KW - Norethynodrel -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71663536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+history+of+medicine+and+allied+sciences&rft.atitle=Women%27s+trials%3A+the+approval+of+the+first+oral+contraceptive+pill+in+the+United+States+and+Great+Britain.&rft.au=Junod%2C+Suzanne+White%3BMarks%2C+Lara&rft.aulast=Junod&rft.aufirst=Suzanne&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=CFO.com&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FDA public health notification: reducing radiation risk from computed tomography for pediatric and small adult patients. AN - 71634366; 11956716 JF - Pediatric radiology AU - Food and Drug Administration AD - Food and Drug Administration Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 314 EP - 316 VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0301-0449, 0301-0449 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing KW - Child KW - Body Constitution KW - Risk Assessment KW - Tomography, X-Ray Computed -- adverse effects KW - Tomography, X-Ray Computed -- standards KW - Tomography, X-Ray Computed -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71634366?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatric+radiology&rft.atitle=FDA+public+health+notification%3A+reducing+radiation+risk+from+computed+tomography+for+pediatric+and+small+adult+patients.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=314&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatric+radiology&rft.issn=03010449&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-15 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimicrobial resistance of food-related Salmonella isolates, 1999-2000. AN - 71607949; 11952207 AB - Salmonellosis is a major foodborne infection in the United States, and strains of Salmonella that are resistant to a variety of antimicrobial agents have become a major public health concern. To estimate the incidence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella in our food supply, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has initiated screening of foodborne isolates for sensitivity to antimicrobial agents, including several antibiotics. Salmonella cultures (n = 502) isolated by FDA laboratories during fiscal year 2000 (1 October 1999 through 30 September 2000) from domestic and imported food products and related samples were tested for susceptibility to each of 12 antimicrobial agents using a disc diffusion assay. Because all isolates were resistant to rifampin (5 or 25 microg), only results with the remaining 11 antimicrobial agents are discussed in this paper. Of the 502 isolates, 247 (49.2%) were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents, and of these 247 isolates, 170 (68.8%) were resistant to one antimicrobial agent, 33 (13.4%) to two antimicrobial agents, 25 (10.1%) to three antimicrobial agents, 7 (2.8%) to four antimicrobial agents, 8 (3.2%) to five antimicrobial agents, and 2 (0.8%) each to six and seven antimicrobial agents. No isolates were resistant to norfloxacin, whereas only seven were resistant to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, six to trimethoprim, three to gentamicin, and one to ciprofloxacin. These results, for the first time, provide a baseline of data on the incidence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella in the U.S. food supply, which should be useful in determining the evolution of antimicrobial resistance in the future. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Kiessling, Connie R AU - Cutting, Jeffrey H AU - Loftis, Mercedes AU - Kiessling, William M AU - Datta, Atin R AU - Sofos, John N AD - Denver District Laboratory, Food and Drug Administration, Denver Federal Center, Colorado 80225-0087, USA. ckiessli@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 603 EP - 608 VL - 65 IS - 4 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Norfloxacin KW - N0F8P22L1P KW - Rifampin KW - VJT6J7R4TR KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Public Health KW - Food Microbiology KW - Norfloxacin -- pharmacology KW - Drug Resistance, Bacterial KW - Humans KW - Rifampin -- pharmacology KW - Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests KW - Salmonella -- drug effects KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71607949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+resistance+of+food-related+Salmonella+isolates%2C+1999-2000.&rft.au=Kiessling%2C+Connie+R%3BCutting%2C+Jeffrey+H%3BLoftis%2C+Mercedes%3BKiessling%2C+William+M%3BDatta%2C+Atin+R%3BSofos%2C+John+N&rft.aulast=Kiessling&rft.aufirst=Connie&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biosensor technologies for detecting microbiological foodborne hazards. AN - 71588753; 11932193 AB - The convergence of molecular biology and miniaturized instrumentation has accelerated development of biosensors with the specifications necessary to support pathogen reduction and quality programs in the food supply. Advances in optoelectronics, thin layer deposition, and microfabrication have provided many options for achieving microbiological detection goals. Some promising technologies are reviewed. JF - Microbes and infection AU - Hall, Robert H AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, CFSAN/DVA/HFS 327, 200 C Street, SW Washington, DC 20204, USA. rhh@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 425 EP - 432 VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 1286-4579, 1286-4579 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Surface Plasmon Resonance KW - Smell -- physiology KW - Food Supply -- standards KW - Food Microbiology KW - Biosensing Techniques -- methods KW - Biosensing Techniques -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71588753?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbes+and+infection&rft.atitle=Biosensor+technologies+for+detecting+microbiological+foodborne+hazards.&rft.au=Hall%2C+Robert+H&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=6&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Multi+-+Housing+News&rft.issn=01460919&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens. AN - 71577376; 11932191 AB - Emergence of bacterial antimicrobial resistance has become a serious problem worldwide. While much of the resistance observed in human medicine is attributed to inappropriate use in humans, there is increasing evidence that antimicrobial use in animals selects for resistant foodborne pathogens that may be transmitted to humans as food contaminants. JF - Microbes and infection AU - White, David G AU - Zhao, Shaohua AU - Simjee, Shabbir AU - Wagner, David D AU - McDermott, Patrick F AD - Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, US Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. dwhite@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 405 EP - 412 VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 1286-4579, 1286-4579 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Shiga Toxin KW - 75757-64-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Escherichia coli -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Infections -- microbiology KW - Humans KW - Yersinia -- drug effects KW - Salmonella -- pathogenicity KW - Shiga Toxin -- metabolism KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacology KW - Yersinia -- pathogenicity KW - Campylobacter -- drug effects KW - Bacterial Infections -- transmission KW - Campylobacter -- pathogenicity KW - Salmonella -- drug effects KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- drug effects KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- pathogenicity KW - Escherichia coli -- pathogenicity KW - Escherichia coli -- drug effects KW - Food Microbiology KW - Drug Resistance, Bacterial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71577376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbes+and+infection&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+resistance+of+foodborne+pathogens.&rft.au=White%2C+David+G%3BZhao%2C+Shaohua%3BSimjee%2C+Shabbir%3BWagner%2C+David+D%3BMcDermott%2C+Patrick+F&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbes+and+infection&rft.issn=12864579&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of isotretinoin (Accutane) in the United States: rapid increase from 1992 through 2000. AN - 71576828; 11907498 AB - Isotretinoin, a drug approved to treat severe recalcitrant nodular acne, has been marketed in the United States since 1982. The drug is an effective treatment for acne that is refractory to other therapies, but it is a teratogen and can cause serious side effects. Our purpose was to describe trends in the use of isotretinoin in the United States from marketing through year 2000 and summarize characteristics of patients and prescribers. Data from 2 pharmaceutical marketing research databases, the National Prescription Audit Plus and the National Disease and Therapeutic Index, and from 2 health plan networks were obtained and analyzed. Retail pharmacies dispensed 19.8 million outpatient prescriptions for isotretinoin from marketing in 1982 through 2000. From 1983 through 1993, the median annual number of prescriptions was just over 800,000; between 1992 and 2000, the number of prescriptions increased 2.5-fold (250%) to nearly 2 million in year 2000. The increases registered in the health plans were somewhat larger: about 275% increases from 1995 through 1999. There is no ICD-9 code for nodulocystic acne; consequently, the type of acne treated with isotretinoin is not determinable from these data. However, between 1993 and 2000, the proportion of isotretinoin treatment for severe acne declined from 63% to 46%, whereas the proportion of treatment for mild and moderate acne increased from 31% to 49%. Data also indicated that the sex distribution of patients was nearly even, and that 63% of male patients prescribed isotretinoin were 15 to 19 years old, whereas 51% of female patients were 15 to 24 years old. In the last 8 years, there has been a 2.5-fold (250%) increase in the number of dispensed prescriptions for isotretinoin in the United States. Data also reveal an increasing proportion of isotretinoin use for mild and moderate acne. JF - Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology AU - Wysowski, Diane K AU - Swann, Joslyn AU - Vega, Amarilys AD - Office of Post-Marketing Drug Risk Assessment, Division of Drug Risk Evaluation, HFD-430, Food and Drug Administration, Parklawn Building, Room 15B-08, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 505 EP - 509 VL - 46 IS - 4 SN - 0190-9622, 0190-9622 KW - Isotretinoin KW - EH28UP18IF KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Drug Utilization -- trends KW - Acne Vulgaris -- drug therapy KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Isotretinoin -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71576828?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Academy+of+Dermatology&rft.atitle=Use+of+isotretinoin+%28Accutane%29+in+the+United+States%3A+rapid+increase+from+1992+through+2000.&rft.au=Wysowski%2C+Diane+K%3BSwann%2C+Joslyn%3BVega%2C+Amarilys&rft.aulast=Wysowski&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Academy+of+Dermatology&rft.issn=01909622&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-03 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticide mortality in the United States 1979-1998. AN - 71574205; 11931496 AB - Pesticide mortality in the US is usualy reported on a case-by-case basis. The Vital Statistics of the US and the publications of the American Association of Poison Control Centers publish yeary statistics on pesticide mortality. This review evaluates the incidence of pesticide mortality in regard to intent, geography, sex, race, age and trends from theyears 1979-1998. In this fashion it appeared easier to identify likely areas of exposures and to develop steps to reduce mortality. Pesticide mortality has decreased substantially over the last 20 y. Intentional poisonings, primarily suicides, represent the greatest fraction and are decreasing more slowy than accidental poisonings. Mortality is thus following intentional exposure rather than accidental exposure. Intentional exposures may occur away from sites where pesticide use is expected. JF - Veterinary and human toxicology AU - Langley, Ricky AU - Sumner, Darrell AD - North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh 27699-1912, USA. Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 101 EP - 105 VL - 44 IS - 2 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Accidents KW - Adult KW - Death Certificates KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Suicide, Attempted KW - Pesticides -- poisoning KW - Mortality -- trends UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71574205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.atitle=Pesticide+mortality+in+the+United+States+1979-1998.&rft.au=Langley%2C+Ricky%3BSumner%2C+Darrell&rft.aulast=Langley&rft.aufirst=Ricky&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=N.A&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Daily+Deal&rft.issn=15275353&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intracellular signal transduction of cells in response to carcinogenic metals. AN - 71568234; 11923072 AB - Epidemiological and animal studies suggest that several metals and metal-containing compounds are potent mutagens and carcinogens. These metals include chromium, arsenic, vanadium, nickel, and others. During the last two decades, chemical and cellular studies have contributed enormously to our understanding of the mechanisms of metal-induced pathophysiological processes. Although each of these metals is unique in its mechanism of action, some common signaling molecules, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), may be shared by many of the carcinogenic metals. New techniques are now available to reveal the mechanisms of carcinogenesis in precise molecular terms. In this review, we focused our attentions on carcinogenic metal-induced signal transduction pathways leading to the activation of NF-kappaB, cell apoptosis and cell cycle progression, three crucial steps or events involved in the transformation and carcinogenesis. This review summarizes current knowledge and our recent studies concerning intracellular signal transduction pathways initiated by carcinogenic metals and the cross-talk that occurs among these pathways in cells in response to metals. JF - Critical reviews in oncology/hematology AU - Chen, Fei AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. lfd3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 105 EP - 121 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 1040-8428, 1040-8428 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Cell Cycle Proteins KW - Metals KW - NF-kappa B KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Transcription Factors KW - Index Medicus KW - Cell Cycle Proteins -- physiology KW - Transcription Factors -- physiology KW - Animals KW - Transcription, Genetic -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- chemically induced KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - NF-kappa B -- physiology KW - Models, Biological KW - Cell Cycle -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - Metals -- pharmacology KW - Metals -- adverse effects KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71568234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+reviews+in+oncology%2Fhematology&rft.atitle=Intracellular+signal+transduction+of+cells+in+response+to+carcinogenic+metals.&rft.au=Chen%2C+Fei%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Fei&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+IPO+Reporter&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Autosow raised miniature swine as a model for assessing the effects of dietary soy trypsin inhibitor. AN - 71558027; 11893408 AB - Toxicological effects of dietary soy trypsin inhibitor (TI) were assessed in male miniature swine, a model chosen for its similarities to human digestive physiology and anatomy. The TI preparation was extracted from defatted raw soy flour. From 1 through 5 weeks of age, piglets were automatically fed either a TI liquid diet [Autosow TI group (ASTI)] or a control liquid diet [Autosow control group (ASC)]. From 6 to 39 weeks of age, these animals received either swine chow and TI or swine chow and control article. The TI diets were formulated to contain a TI activity of approximately 500 mg TI/100 g dry matter. A sow control (SC) group suckled from birth to 6 weeks of age and then fed as the ASC group with swine chow plus control article from 6 to 39 weeks of age. The SC piglets grew faster than ASC piglets during postnatal weeks 1 and 2; however, the ASC piglets were significantly heavier than the SC piglets (P=0.001) at 6 weeks of age. Compared with the ASC group, TI caused a moderate decrease in feed consumption and a moderate but reversible decrease in growth from 2 to 5 weeks of age, but not thereafter. Some control and TI-fed Autosow-reared piglets had loose stools until 6 weeks of age; the effect was significantly greater in the TI-fed group. Otherwise, all swine were active and had normal appearance and behavior. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Garthoff, L H AU - Henderson, G R AU - Sager, A O AU - Sobotka, T J AU - O'Dell, R AU - Thorpe, C W AU - Trotter, W J AU - Bruce, V R AU - Dallas, H L AU - Poelma, P L AU - Solomon, H M AU - Bier, J W AU - O'Donnell, M W AU - Chi, R K AU - Chirtel, S J AU - Barton, C N AU - Brown, L H AU - Frattali, V P AU - Khan, M A AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Division of Toxicological Research and Nutritional Product Studies, Muirkirk Research Center, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. lgarthof@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 487 EP - 500 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Plant Proteins KW - 0 KW - Soybean Proteins KW - Trypsin Inhibitors KW - alpha-Amylases KW - EC 3.2.1.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Feeding Behavior KW - alpha-Amylases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Animal Feed KW - Diarrhea -- veterinary KW - Animals, Newborn -- growth & development KW - Diarrhea -- etiology KW - Diet KW - Female KW - Male KW - Soybean Proteins -- chemistry KW - Plant Proteins -- adverse effects KW - Disease Models, Animal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71558027?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=The+Autosow+raised+miniature+swine+as+a+model+for+assessing+the+effects+of+dietary+soy+trypsin+inhibitor.&rft.au=Garthoff%2C+L+H%3BHenderson%2C+G+R%3BSager%2C+A+O%3BSobotka%2C+T+J%3BO%27Dell%2C+R%3BThorpe%2C+C+W%3BTrotter%2C+W+J%3BBruce%2C+V+R%3BDallas%2C+H+L%3BPoelma%2C+P+L%3BSolomon%2C+H+M%3BBier%2C+J+W%3BO%27Donnell%2C+M+W%3BChi%2C+R+K%3BChirtel%2C+S+J%3BBarton%2C+C+N%3BBrown%2C+L+H%3BFrattali%2C+V+P%3BKhan%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Garthoff&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=487&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of porcine Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection and dexamethasone on the pharmacokinetic parameters of enrofloxacin. AN - 71536279; 11907176 AB - The impact of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) infection in swine on the pharmacokinetic parameters of enrofloxacin were determined. Twenty-four animals were used in a 2 x 2 factorial of treatment groups (six animals per group) to determine the impact of APP-induced inflammation and the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone on enrofloxacin pharmacokinetic parameters. All animals received enrofloxacin as a single intravenous dose (5 mg/kg). Administration of dexamethasone was associated with an increase in clearance of enrofloxacin Clearance of enrofloxacin was not affected by APP. Volume of distribution at steady state was significantly increased in the dexamethasone-treated pigs. Volume of distribution at steady state was decreased by APP infection. Dexamethasone significantly increased the terminal elimination half-life of enrofloxacin. APP infection decreased the terminal elimination half-life of enrofloxacin in the infected pigs. Infection and dexamethasone significantly decreased the urine enrofloxacin/creatinine and ciprofloxacin/creatinine ratios. This study shows that APP infection does affect plasma pharmacokinetic parameters. Dexamethasone and APP infection may reduce renal clearance of enrofloxacin with a compensatory increase in intestinal clearance. Neither infection nor dexamethasone altered the metabolism of enrofloxacin to ciprofloxacin, the principal metabolite of enrofloxacin. JF - The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics AU - Post, Lynn O AU - Cope, Carol V AU - Farrell, Dorothy E AU - Baker, John D AU - Myers, Michael J AD - Division of Surveillance, Office of Surveillance and Compliance, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 217 EP - 222 VL - 301 IS - 1 SN - 0022-3565, 0022-3565 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - Quinolones KW - enrofloxacin KW - 3DX3XEK1BN KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - 5E8K9I0O4U KW - Dexamethasone KW - 7S5I7G3JQL KW - Creatinine KW - AYI8EX34EU KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Area Under Curve KW - Biotransformation KW - Ciprofloxacin -- metabolism KW - Creatinine -- blood KW - Male KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae KW - Quinolones -- pharmacokinetics KW - Actinobacillus Infections -- microbiology KW - Swine Diseases -- metabolism KW - Dexamethasone -- pharmacology KW - Actinobacillus Infections -- metabolism KW - Swine Diseases -- microbiology KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71536279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Influence+of+porcine+Actinobacillus+pleuropneumoniae+infection+and+dexamethasone+on+the+pharmacokinetic+parameters+of+enrofloxacin.&rft.au=Post%2C+Lynn+O%3BCope%2C+Carol+V%3BFarrell%2C+Dorothy+E%3BBaker%2C+John+D%3BMyers%2C+Michael+J&rft.aulast=Post&rft.aufirst=Lynn&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=301&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.issn=00223565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-18 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pediatric deaths reported after vaccination: the utility of information obtained from parents. AN - 71535137; 11897461 AB - The federally administered Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) is a passive reporting system that receives domestic and foreign reports of adverse events that occur following immunization. This investigation explored whether routinely interviewing parents for follow-up of VAERS pediatric deaths would provide additional information important to vaccine safety. The study was designed to follow up 100 consecutive pediatric deaths reported to VAERS by interviewing a parent and a healthcare provider (HCP) for each case. Several strategies contributed to successful follow-up. A standardized questionnaire was utilized to interview HCPs and parents. Overall and specific group frequencies (HCPs and parents) were calculated for each variable. McNemar's statistical tests of exact inference were calculated to assess whether there were statistically significant differences between HCP and parent knowledge by case for various variables. The median age of the cases was 4 months. Approximately half of the deaths were attributed to sudden infant death syndrome. In many instances, the information was equivalent in quality. For certain variables, such as knowledge of the child's position when found in distress, more parents than HCPs indicated that they knew the answer. Conducting parental and HCP follow-up for pediatric deaths reported to VAERS was resource intensive. In some instances, parents were more likely than HCPs to provide information regarding some important variables about the nature of the death. None of the additional information obtained from parents, however, provided a signal or confirmation of a causal link between the vaccine and death. JF - American journal of preventive medicine AU - Silvers, Linda E AU - Varricchio, Frederick E AU - Ellenberg, Susan S AU - Krueger, Carol L AU - Wise, Robert P AU - Salive, Marcel E AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rockville, Maryland 20855, USA. Lsilvers@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 170 EP - 176 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Qualitative Research KW - Causality KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Child KW - Sudden Infant Death -- etiology KW - Immunization Schedule KW - Sudden Infant Death -- pathology KW - Cause of Death KW - Infant Mortality -- trends KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Surveys and Questionnaires -- standards KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Health Personnel KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Male KW - Female KW - Vaccination -- mortality KW - Vaccination -- adverse effects KW - Parents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71535137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Builder&rft.atitle=So+happy+together&rft.au=Daniel+Walker+Guido&rft.aulast=Daniel+Walker+Guido&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Builder&rft.issn=07441193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-02 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - A Practitioner's Guide to Science-Based Prevention: A Handbook of Promising, Effective and Model Programs. 2002 Conference Edition. AN - 62202208; ED469353 AB - The importance of science-based programs is now widely acknowledged in the substance abuse prevention field. The Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP) continues its efforts on several fronts to inform the field of the existence and availability of science-based program options. It primarily does this through its National Registry of Effective Prevention Programs (NREPP), which CSAP created to identify, review, and classify science-based prevention programs. NREPP rates science-based programs along a continuum of effectiveness, ranging from promising to model programs. This guide explains the NREPP review process and features the latest lists of CSAP-vetted science-based prevention programs. Model programs are the gold standard of the prevention field. They meet NREPP standards for effectiveness and have the added advantage of technical assistance from the programs developers. A user-friendly matrix, or chart, displays characteristics of the model programs and serves as a guide for practitioners. Summary descriptions about programs that have been designated as promising or effective through the NREPP process are also included in this publication. CSAP works with developers throughout the year to move these programs toward model status. This guide manifests CSAP's commitment to informing the field about the latest scientific information on substance abuse prevention. (GCP) AU - Schinke, Steven Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 155 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Program Descriptions KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Prevention KW - Substance Abuse KW - Scientific Research KW - Standards KW - Program Evaluation KW - Models UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62202208?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Written with assistance from Paul Brounstein and S N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Keeping Youth Drug Free: A Guide for Parents, Grandparents, Elders, Mentors, and Other Caregivers. AN - 62199774; ED466902 AB - Research indicates that parents, grandparents, elders, foster parents, youth leaders, coaches, and other role models can play a major role in helping young people avoid substance abuse. This booklet provides caregivers with guidelines for communicating with youth about these potential problems. It is geared to the parents or guardians of 7-to-13 year olds, but the material and exercises can also work for different age groups. The booklet is divided into five sections, based on the five reasons that young people give for using alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana-- to feel grown up, to fit in, to relax and feel good, to take risks and rebel, and to satisfy curiosity. Each section provides background on each reason, information on how adults can help, and exercises to share with children. For caretakers who presently use alcohol or who have tried marijuana or other illegal substances, this guide provides information that can help in steering children away from the use of these substances. The suggestions provided here give guiding principles for communicating with youth; caretakers should use their own words when speaking to their children. A list of additional resources that adults can draw upon are included. (GCP) Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 29 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Parents KW - Prevention KW - Substance Abuse KW - Parent Materials KW - Intervention KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Drug Education KW - Youth Problems KW - Health Education KW - Children KW - Adolescents KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62199774?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Some charts may not reproduce clearly. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Nurse Practitioner Primary Care Competencies in Specialty Areas: Adult, Family, Gerontological, Pediatric, and Women's Health. AN - 62194866; ED471273 AB - This document presents the nurse practitioner primary care competencies that a national panel of representatives of nine national organizations of the five primary care nurse practitioner specialties--adult, family, gerontological, pediatric, and women's health--identified as necessary for entry-level primary care nurse practitioners. Section 1 presents an overview of the project to identify the core competencies and suggests ways of using the list of competencies when planning and delivering nurse practitioner education. Section 2 details the methods used to identify, validate, obtain endorsements of, and disseminate the competencies. Section 3 presents the actual competencies and subcompetencies, which were selected in recognition of the fact that nurse practitioners are engaged in the diagnostic process, including critical thinking and integration and interpretation of data. Section 4 lists core competencies in the following domains of nurse practitioner practice: management of patient health/illness status; the nurse practitioner-patient relationship; the teaching-coaching function; professional role; managing and negotiating health care delivery systems; monitoring and ensuring the quality of health care practice; and cultural competence. The bibliography lists 49 references. The appendixes contain lists of national organizations endorsing the competencies, members of the national panel, organizations represented on the national panel, and organizations represented on the validation panel, as well as selected definitions. (MN) AU - Crabtree, Katherine M. AU - Stanley, Joan AU - Werner, Kathryn E. AU - Schmid, Emily Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 60 PB - Health Resources and Services Administration, Information Center, P.O. Box 2910, Merrifield, VA 22116. Tel: 888-275-4772 (Ask-HRSA) (Toll Free); TTY: 877-489-4772; Fax: 703-821-2098; e- mail: ask@hrsa.gov; Web site: http://www.ask.hrsa.gov. KW - Womens Health KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Teachers KW - Practitioners KW - Professional Associations KW - Task Analysis KW - Entry Workers KW - Delivery Systems KW - Child Health KW - Professional Development KW - Primary Health Care KW - Higher Education KW - Adults KW - Health Education KW - Employment Qualifications KW - National Organizations KW - Models KW - Health Promotion KW - Older Adults KW - Job Skills KW - Nursing Education KW - Job Analysis KW - Competency Based Education KW - Nurse Practitioners KW - Educational Planning KW - Definitions KW - Cultural Literacy KW - Interpersonal Relationship KW - Data Analysis KW - Quality Control KW - Family Health KW - Data Interpretation KW - Teaching (Occupation) KW - Standard Setting KW - Competence KW - Pediatrics KW - Glossaries KW - Guidelines KW - National Programs KW - Gerontology KW - Critical Thinking KW - Patients KW - Core Curriculum KW - Family Practice (Medicine) KW - Advisory Committees KW - Health Services KW - Validated Programs KW - Academic Standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62194866?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - A century of women's health, 1900-2000 AN - 59904384; 2003-0709390 AB - Covers social and cultural factors, preventive health, quality of life, diagnosis and treatment, health education and communications, body image and health, and other issues; US. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, April 2002. Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Women -- Mental health KW - Women -- Health KW - Public health education -- United States KW - Medicine, Preventive -- United States KW - United States -- Health policy KW - Medical service -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59904384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=A+century+of+women%27s+health%2C+1900-2000&rft.title=A+century+of+women%27s+health%2C+1900-2000&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.4woman.gov/TimeCapsule/century/century.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), il(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Revisiting the geometry of a ternary diagram with the half-taxi metric AN - 51954927; 2003-057961 JF - Mathematical Geology AU - Miller, William E Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 275 EP - 290 PB - Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers [for the] International Association for Mathematical Geology, New York-London VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0882-8121, 0882-8121 KW - statistical analysis KW - mathematical geology KW - algorithms KW - Aitchison distance analysis KW - ternary diagrams KW - geometry KW - covariance analysis KW - 15:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51954927?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mathematical+Geology&rft.atitle=Revisiting+the+geometry+of+a+ternary+diagram+with+the+half-taxi+metric&rft.au=Miller%2C+William+E&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mathematical+Geology&rft.issn=08828121&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/app/home/journal.asp?wasp=b408f16fc4da4b01a4296f132139c809&referrer=parent&backto=browsepublicationsresults,1625,2444; LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 33 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MATGED N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aitchison distance analysis; algorithms; covariance analysis; geometry; mathematical geology; statistical analysis; ternary diagrams ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Impact of an Integrated Family Planning Program in Russia AN - 21441555; 11001528 AB - In 1995, the U.S. Agency for International Development implemented an integrated program of family planning education and services in six Russian cities to increase physicians'and women's contraceptive knowledge and change current contraceptive use. Large population-based surveys of women ages 15-44 were carried out at the beginning of project implementation (in 1996) and 3 years later in two project sites and a comparison site. Results from these surveys indicate that project activities affected women's knowledge of family planning methods, and caused women to have more favorable attitudes toward modern contraception. In addition, abortion rates decreased in project sites while remaining virtually unchanged in the comparison site. Because of uneven implementation of project interventions in the demonstration sites, however, the intervention's actual impact on abortion rates remains unclear. JF - Evaluation Review AU - Sherwood-Fabre, Liese AU - Goldberg, Howard AU - Bodrova, Valentina AD - Department of Health and Human Services Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 190 EP - 212 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0193-841X, 0193-841X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Age KW - family planning KW - Abortion KW - attitudes KW - contraceptives KW - USA KW - Education KW - intervention KW - Reviews KW - Russia KW - Urban areas KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21441555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evaluation+Review&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+an+Integrated+Family+Planning+Program+in+Russia&rft.au=Sherwood-Fabre%2C+Liese%3BGoldberg%2C+Howard%3BBodrova%2C+Valentina&rft.aulast=Sherwood-Fabre&rft.aufirst=Liese&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=190&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Adweek&rft.issn=01992864&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Age; Education; Reviews; Abortion; intervention; family planning; attitudes; Urban areas; contraceptives; USA; Russia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193841X02026002003 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Sex differences in drug metabolism - What's in the label? AN - 19197481; 5779771 AB - Though sex-based studies on human drug metabolism are limited, examples of sex-related differences in drug pharmacokinetics and enzyme activity have been reported. After brief introduction regarding FDA's mission and role in drug regulation, discussion will center on the role of drug metabolism in assessing the effect of drugs in women. Information on what is currently known about sex differences in response to drugs will be presented, as well as past and present actions taken by FDA to address this issue. Finally, the relevance of this topic to health care providers will be discussed as well as how you can assist the Agency in collecting data on health outcomes. JF - Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine AU - Wood, S F Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 312 PB - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Publishers, 2 Madison Ave Larchmont NY 10538-1962 USA VL - 11 IS - 3 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Health (status) KW - Medications KW - Sex differences KW - Metabolism KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19197481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Women%27s+Health+%26+Gender-Based+Medicine&rft.atitle=Sex+differences+in+drug+metabolism+-+What%27s+in+the+label%3F&rft.au=Wood%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=312&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Women%27s+Health+%26+Gender-Based+Medicine&rft.issn=15246094&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research Note: Microbial Evaluation of Selected Fresh Produce Obtained at Retail Markets AN - 18628022; 5532111 AB - The microbial quality of five types of fresh produce obtained at the retail level was determined by standard quantitative techniques. These techniques included aerobic plate count (APC), total coliform counts, Escherichia coli counts, and yeast and mold counts. Three different methods were used to determine total coliform counts, which consisted of MacConkey agar plate counts, Colicomplete most probable number counts, and Petrifilm E. coli (EC) plate counts. The mean APCs for sprouts, lettuce, celery, cauliflower, and broccoli were 8.7, 8.6, 7.5, 7.4, and 6.3 log sub(10) CFU/g, respectively. MacConkey agar counts indicated that 89 to 96% of the APCs consisted of gram-negative bacteria. Yeast and mold counts were in a range expected of fresh produce. Fresh produce was also analyzed for human pathogens. Samples were analyzed for Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., and Campylobacter spp. One isolate of Staphylococcus was found to be enterotoxigenic, and one species of Bacillus was also toxigenic. Neither Salmonella spp. nor Campylobacter spp. were detected in any of the produce samples. A variety of Listeria spp., including Listeria monocytogenes, were found in fresh produce. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Thunberg, R L AU - Tran, T T AU - Bennett, R W AU - Matthews, R N AU - Belay, N AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, D.C. 20204, USA Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 677 EP - 682 VL - 65 IS - 4 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18628022?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Research+Note%3A+Microbial+Evaluation+of+Selected+Fresh+Produce+Obtained+at+Retail+Markets&rft.au=Thunberg%2C+R+L%3BTran%2C+T+T%3BBennett%2C+R+W%3BMatthews%2C+R+N%3BBelay%2C+N&rft.aulast=Thunberg&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=677&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning, expression and characterization of the CHO cell elongating factor (Cef) from Vibrio cholerae O1 AN - 18584602; 5407877 AB - CHO cell-elongating factor (Cef) is a recently identified putative virulence factor of Vibrio cholerae. Our previous studies show that this 85 kDa protein elongates CHO cells, causes fluid accumulation in suckling mice and has esterase activity. In this study, the cef gene was cloned in Escherichia coli using a yeast vector and subsequently expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris. The cef genes from V. cholerae candidate vaccine strains JBK 70 and CVD 103-HgR were sequenced and found to be nearly identical (100 and 99.9% respectively) with an open reading frame (ORF) from the published sequence of V. cholerae N16961. Cloned toxin was purified to homogeneity in 3 steps using anion exchange, hydrophobic interaction and gel filtration chromatography. The size of cloned Cef on SDS-PAGE gels was 114 kDa. The increased size was probably due to glycosylation by the yeast since cloned protein reacted strongly with a glycoprotein stain. The cloned protein could not be directly sequenced, but when treated with trypsin, yielded a protein fragment with an amino acid sequence that matched the sequence predicted for the Cef protein. The purified cloned protein had esterase and CHO cell activity, but no suckling mouse activity. Copyright 2002 Academic Press JF - Microbial Pathogenesis AU - McCardell, BA AU - Sathyamoorthy, V AU - Michalski, J AU - Lavu, S AU - Kothary, M AU - Livezey, J AU - Kaper, J B AU - Hall, R AD - Division of Virulence Assessment, FDA, Washington DC, U.S.A., School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A., University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A., bmccarde@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 165 EP - 172 PB - Academic Press VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0882-4010, 0882-4010 KW - CHO cell-elongating factor KW - Cef protein KW - cloning KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Human diseases KW - Pathogenic bacteria KW - Pathology KW - Characterization KW - Pathogens KW - Virulence KW - Vibrio cholerae KW - Overexpression KW - Purification KW - Chemical analysis KW - Amino acid sequence KW - Q1 08206:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18584602?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fair+Disclosure+Wire&rft.atitle=Q4+2004+Homestore%2C+Inc.+Earnings+Conference+Call+-+Final&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-03-09&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fair+Disclosure+Wire&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Virulence; Human diseases; Pathology; Pathogenic bacteria; Chemical analysis; Amino acid sequence; Overexpression; Characterization; Purification; Pathogens; Vibrio cholerae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mpat.2001.0492 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Occupational Hazards in Hospitals AN - 18481949; 5451019 AB - The risk factors for violence vary from hospital to hospital depending on location, size, and type of care. Common risk factors for hospital violence include the following: Working directly with volatile people, especially, if they are under the influence of drugs or alcohol or have a history of violence or certain psychotic diagnoses; Working when understaffed-especially during meal times and visiting hours; Transporting patients; Long waits for service; Overcrowded, uncomfortable waiting rooms; Working alone; Poor environmental design; Inadequate security; Lack of staff training and policies for preventing and managing crises with potentially volatile patients; Drug and alcohol abuse; Access to firearms; Unrestricted movement of the public; Poorly lit corridors, rooms, parking lots, and other areas. JF - NIOSH, 4676 COLUMBIA PARKWAY, CINCINNATI, OH 45226-1998 (USA). 10 pp. Apr 2002. Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 10 PB - NIOSH, 4676 COLUMBIA PARKWAY, CINCINNATI, OH 45226-1998 (USA) KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - DHH5 No. 2002-101 KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18481949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Risk+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Occupational+Hazards+in+Hospitals&rft.title=Occupational+Hazards+in+Hospitals&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on development and reproduction AN - 18449070; 5426351 AB - As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals found at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List (NPL) sites that have the greatest public health impact. These profiles comprehensively summarize toxicological and environmental information. This article, which constitutes the release of an important section of the Toxicological Profile for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (ATSDR 2000) into the scientific literature, focuses on the developmental and reproductive effects of this group of synthetic organic chemicals (PCBs) in humans and animals. Information on other health effects, toxicokinetics, mechanisms of toxicity, biomarkers, interactions, chemical and physical properties, potential for human exposure, and regulations and advisories is detailed in the profile. Interested readers are encouraged to consult the original toxicological profile for more information. Profiles can be requested from ATSDR's Information Center by telephone (1-888-42-ATSDR [1-888-422-8737] or E-mail: (atsdric[at]cdc.gov). JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Faroon, OM AU - Keith, S AU - Jones, D AU - De Rosa, C AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA, oxs0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 63 EP - 93 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - development KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18449070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Effects+of+polychlorinated+biphenyls+on+development+and+reproduction&rft.au=Faroon%2C+OM%3BKeith%2C+S%3BJones%2C+D%3BDe+Rosa%2C+C&rft.aulast=Faroon&rft.aufirst=OM&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Method for Reducing Adaptor Misalignment when Testing Gloves Using ISO 10819 AN - 18439728; 5420381 AB - Objectives: International standard ISO 10819 was established in order to quantify the vibration attenuation characteristics of anti-vibration gloves. One problem that exists with the standard is possible misalignment of the palm adaptor that is placed underneath the test glove. If the adaptor becomes misaligned, the measured glove transmissibility will be lower than the actual value. A tri-axial accelerometer was installed in the adaptor and was used as the basis for providing visual feedback of the adaptor alignment to the test subjects. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that adaptor misalignment could be reduced by providing feedback to the test subjects. Methods: Eight male volunteers (mean age 24.8 yr) were used in the study. Each subject performed two sets of tests: the standard ISO 10819 glove test and the modified version. Three different anti-vibration gloves were tested. Glove transmissibility and adaptor misalignment were calculated for each glove. A three-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the results. Results: A comparison of the two testing methods showed that the modified glove testing method did reduce misalignment significantly, which, in turn, resulted in an increase in the measured glove transmissibility. Conclusions: The proposed method greatly improved the standard deviation of transmissibility and made the test results more consistent. JF - Annals of Occupational Hygiene AU - Smutz, W P AU - Dong, R G AU - Han, B AU - Schopper, A W AU - Welcome, DE AU - Kashon, M L AD - Engineering and Control Technology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 309 EP - 315 VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0003-4878, 0003-4878 KW - ISO 10819 KW - gloves KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18439728?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Occupational+Hygiene&rft.atitle=A+Method+for+Reducing+Adaptor+Misalignment+when+Testing+Gloves+Using+ISO+10819&rft.au=Smutz%2C+W+P%3BDong%2C+R+G%3BHan%2C+B%3BSchopper%2C+A+W%3BWelcome%2C+DE%3BKashon%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Smutz&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Occupational+Hygiene&rft.issn=00034878&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental Infection Of Anopheles farauti With Different Species Of Plasmodium AN - 18389479; 5373858 AB - Studies were conducted to determine the susceptibility of Anopheles farauti to different species and strains of Plasmodium. Mosquitoes were infected by feeding on animals or cultures infected with different strains of P. vivax, P. falciparum, P. ovale, P. coatneyi, P. gonderi, P. simiovale, P. knowlesi, and P. brasilianum. Infections of P. vivax and P. coatneyi were transmitted via sporozoites from An. farauti to monkeys. Comparative infection studies indicated that An. farauti was less susceptible to infection than An. stephensi, An. gambiae, An. freeborni, and An. dirus with the Salvador I strain of P. vivax, but more susceptible than An. stephensi and An. gambiae to infection with the coindigenous Indonesian XIX strain. JF - Journal of Parasitology AU - Collins, W E AU - Sullivan, J S AU - Nace, D AU - Williams, T AU - Sullivan, J J AU - Galland, G G AU - Grady, K K AU - Bounngaseng, A AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases and Scientific Resources Program, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, wec1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 295 EP - 298 PB - American Society of Parasitologists VL - 88 IS - 2 SN - 0022-3395, 0022-3395 KW - Diptera KW - Mosquitoes KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Q1 01301:General KW - Q5 01524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - K 03090:Protozoa: human KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - Q1 01484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18389479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Manufacturing+Close+-+Up&rft.atitle=Ashley+Furniture+HomeStore+Opens+Its+500th+Store+in+Longview%2C+Texas&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2014-02-28&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Manufacturing+Close+-+Up&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-3395&volume=88&page=295 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-3395(2002)088(0295:EIOAFW)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pathological evaluation, clinical chemistry and plasma cholecystokinin in neonatal and young miniature swine fed soy trypsin inhibitor from 1 to 39 weeks of age AN - 18334228; 5382442 AB - The potential toxicity of dietary soy trypsin inhibitor (TI) was evaluated in neonatal miniature swine. From 1 to 6 weeks of age, two groups of male piglets were artificially reared in an Autosow and automatically fed either TI or control liquid diet. From 6 to 39 weeks of age, these two groups were fed either TI or control chow diet. A third group, sow control (SC), suckled from birth to 6 weeks of age, were also weaned to control chow from 6 to 39 weeks of age. Clinical chemistry and plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) determined at 6, 18, 30 and 39 weeks of age, and serum amylase activity with gross and histopathological analyses of major organs at 6 and 39 weeks of age are reported. TI had no effect on plasma CCK, serum amylase activity, or numerous clinical chemistry values. TI-fed piglets had a larger relative liver weight at 6 weeks of age. Relative pancreas weight decreased with age but was not affected by TI. Gross and histopathological analyses of major organs, except the spleen, were within normal limits. Increased incidence of extramedullary hematopoiesis was noted in the spleen of the TI group at 6 but not at 39 weeks of age. There was no consistent pattern in immunohistochemical foci for secretin, gastrin releasing polypeptide or CCK, and no change in DNA, RNA, mitotic index or nuclear density of pancreatic cells. At 6 weeks of age, TI increased pancreatic protein and amylase activity but not trypsin or chymotrypsin activity. None of the effects suggested that this dose of TI was toxic to either the neonatal or sexually mature miniature male swine. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Garthoff, L H AU - Henderson, G R AU - Sager, A O AU - Sobotka, T J AU - Gaines, D W AU - O'Donnell, MW Jr AU - Chi, R AU - Chirtel, S J AU - Barton, C N AU - Brown, L H AU - Hines, F A AU - Solomon, T AU - Turkleson, J AU - Berry, D AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Division of Toxicological Research and Nutritional Product Studies, Muirkirk Research Center, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA, lgarthof@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 501 EP - 516 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - miniature piglets KW - trypsin inhibitors KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Cholecystokinin KW - Dietary intake KW - Soybeans KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18334228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Pathological+evaluation%2C+clinical+chemistry+and+plasma+cholecystokinin+in+neonatal+and+young+miniature+swine+fed+soy+trypsin+inhibitor+from+1+to+39+weeks+of+age&rft.au=Garthoff%2C+L+H%3BHenderson%2C+G+R%3BSager%2C+A+O%3BSobotka%2C+T+J%3BGaines%2C+D+W%3BO%27Donnell%2C+MW+Jr%3BChi%2C+R%3BChirtel%2C+S+J%3BBarton%2C+C+N%3BBrown%2C+L+H%3BHines%2C+F+A%3BSolomon%2C+T%3BTurkleson%2C+J%3BBerry%2C+D&rft.aulast=Garthoff&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dietary intake; Soybeans; Cholecystokinin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In Vivo Clearance of an Intracellular Bacterium, Francisella tularensis LVS, Is Dependent on the p40 Subunit of Interleukin-12 (IL-12) but Not on IL-12 p70 AN - 18281088; 5332755 AB - To determine the role of interleukin-12 (IL-12) in primary and secondary immunity to a model intracellular bacterium, we have comprehensively evaluated infection with Francisella tularensis LVS in three murine models of IL-12 deficiency. Mice lacking the p40 protein of IL-12 (p40 knockout [KO] mice) and mice treated in vivo with neutralizing anti-IL-12 antibodies survived large doses of primary and secondary LVS infection but never cleared bacteria and exhibited a chronic infection. In dramatic contrast, mice lacking the p35 protein (p35 KO mice) of heterodimeric IL-12 readily survived large doses of primary sublethal LVS infection as well as maximal secondary lethal challenge, with only a slight delay in clearance of bacteria. LVS-immune wild-type (WT) lymphocytes produced large amounts of gamma interferon (IFN- gamma ), but p35 KO and p40 KO lymphocytes produced much less; nonetheless, similar amounts of NO were found in all cultures containing immune lymphocytes, and all immune lymphocytes were equally capable of controlling intracellular growth of LVS in vitro. Purified CD4 super(+) and CD8 super(+) T cells from both WT and p40 KO mice controlled intracellular growth, even though T cells from WT mice produced much more IFN- gamma than those from p40 KO mice, and p40 KO T cells did not adopt a Th2 phenotype. Thus, while IL-12 p70 stimulation of IFN- gamma production may be important for bacteriostasis, IL-12 p70 is not necessary for appropriate development of LVS- immune T cells that are capable of controlling intracellular bacterial growth and for clearance of primary or secondary LVS infection. Instead, an additional mechanism dependent on the IL-12 p40 protein, either alone or in another complex such as the newly discovered heterodimer IL-23, appears to be responsible for actual clearance of this intracellular bacterium. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Elkins, K L AU - Cooper, A AU - Colombini, S M AU - Cowley, S C AU - Kieffer, T L AD - LOM/DBPAP/CBER/FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, HFM 431, Rockville, MD 20852., elkins@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 1936 EP - 1948 VL - 70 IS - 4 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - knockout mice KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Interleukin 12 KW - Francisella tularensis KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18281088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=In+Vivo+Clearance+of+an+Intracellular+Bacterium%2C+Francisella+tularensis+LVS%2C+Is+Dependent+on+the+p40+Subunit+of+Interleukin-12+%28IL-12%29+but+Not+on+IL-12+p70&rft.au=Elkins%2C+K+L%3BCooper%2C+A%3BColombini%2C+S+M%3BCowley%2C+S+C%3BKieffer%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Elkins&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1936&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.70.4.1936-1948.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Francisella tularensis; Interleukin 12 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.70.4.1936-1948.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aseptic meningitis associated with rofecoxib. AN - 71549241; 11911727 AB - Rofecoxib is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is reported to act by selectively inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2. A review and analysis of reports sent to the Spontaneous Reporting System of the Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Md, suggest that aseptic meningitis is associated with rofecoxib use. To our knowledge, there have been no published reports of aseptic meningitis occurring in association with rofecoxib use to date. We report 5 serious cases of aseptic meningitis associated with rofecoxib use. JF - Archives of internal medicine AU - Bonnel, Renan A AU - Villalba, Maria L AU - Karwoski, Claudia B AU - Beitz, Julie AD - Office of Postmarketing Drug Risk Assessment, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 5600 Fishers Ln, Room 15B-23, HFD-430, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. bonnelr@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/03/25/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 25 SP - 713 EP - 715 VL - 162 IS - 6 SN - 0003-9926, 0003-9926 KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal KW - 0 KW - Lactones KW - Sulfones KW - rofecoxib KW - 0QTW8Z7MCR KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Arthritis, Rheumatoid -- drug therapy KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Carpal Tunnel Syndrome -- drug therapy KW - Neck Pain -- drug therapy KW - Adult KW - Osteoarthritis -- drug therapy KW - Pain, Postoperative -- drug therapy KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Lactones -- adverse effects KW - Meningitis, Aseptic -- diagnosis KW - Meningitis, Aseptic -- chemically induced KW - Lactones -- therapeutic use KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal -- therapeutic use KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71549241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+internal+medicine&rft.atitle=Aseptic+meningitis+associated+with+rofecoxib.&rft.au=Bonnel%2C+Renan+A%3BVillalba%2C+Maria+L%3BKarwoski%2C+Claudia+B%3BBeitz%2C+Julie&rft.aulast=Bonnel&rft.aufirst=Renan&rft.date=2002-03-25&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=713&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+internal+medicine&rft.issn=00039926&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The mesenchyme expresses T cell receptor mRNAs: relevance to cell growth control AN - 227328818; 11960375 AB - The mesenchyme plays a crucial regulatory role in organ formation and maintenance. However, comprehensive molecular characterization of these cells is lacking. We found unexpectedly that primary mesenchyme, as well as mesenchymal cell clones, express T cell receptor (TCR)alphabeta mRNAs, lacking the variable region. Immunological and genetic evidence support the expression of a corresponding TCRbeta protein. Additionally, mRNAs encoding TCR complex components including CD3 and zeta chain are present. A relatively higher expression of the mesenchymal TCRbeta mRNA by cultured mesenchymal cell clones correlates with fast growth, whereas poorly expressing cells are slow growers and are contact inhibited. The clones that express relatively higher amount of the TCR mRNA exhibit an increased capacity to form tumors in nude mice. However, the expression of this mRNA in the mesenchyme is not per se leading to tumorigenesis, as demonstrated by primary mesenchyme that does not form tumors in mice while expressing moderate amounts of the TCR transcripts. The expression of mesencymal TCRbeta was confined to the G2/M phases of the cell cycle in the MBA-13 mesenchymal cell line. This cell cycle dependent expression, considered together with the correlation between growth properties and the level of TCR expression by cell clones, implies association of mesenchymal TCR with cell growth control. JF - Oncogene AU - Barda-Saad, Mira AU - Shav-Tal, Yaron AU - Arie Leon Rozenszajn AU - Cohen, Michal AU - Zauberman, Ayelet AU - Karmazyn, Asaf AU - Parameswaran, Reshmi AU - Schori, Hadas AU - Ashush, Hagit AU - Ben-Nun, Avraham AU - Zipori, Dov Y1 - 2002/03/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 21 SP - 2029 EP - 36 CY - New York PB - Nature Publishing Group VL - 21 IS - 13 SN - 09509232 KW - Medical Sciences--Oncology KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell KW - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta KW - Animals KW - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta -- metabolism KW - HeLa Cells KW - Humans KW - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Mice, Nude KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - Neoplasm Transplantation KW - Gene Expression Profiling KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Time Factors KW - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta -- genetics KW - Cell Cycle KW - Cell Line KW - Male KW - Cell Division KW - Mesoderm -- cytology KW - Mesoderm -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/227328818?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthcompleteshell&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Mortgage+News&rft.atitle=Homestore+Loses+%241.5+Billion+in+%2701&rft.au=Grant%2C+Rick&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft.date=2002-04-08&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=28&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=National+Mortgage+News&rft.issn=10503331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Central N1 - Copyright - Copyright Nature Publishing Group Mar 21, 2002 N1 - Last updated - 2013-01-29 N1 - CODEN - ONCNES DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1205269 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular analysis of mitochondrial DNA mutations from bleomycin-treated rats. AN - 71509141; 11890929 AB - In our previous studies, we have shown the mutagenicity of bleomycin (BLM) at the nuclear hprt locus. In the present study we have analyzed mutagenic effects of BLM in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) using short extension-PCR (SE-PCR) method for detection of low-copy deletions. Fisher 344 rats were treated with a single dose of BLM and total DNA preparations from splenic lymphocytes were processed in SE-PCR assay. Spontaneous deletions were typically flanked by direct repeats (78.5%), while the in BLM-treated group, direct repeats were found in only 46.6% of breakpoints. The ratio between deletions based on direct repeats and random sequence deletions changed from 3.67 in control group to 0.87 in BLM-treated animals, which corresponds to an approximate 1.7-fold increase in the deletion mutation frequency. Furthermore, 62.5% of deletions not flanked by direct repeats in the treated group contained cleavage sites for BLM. The localization of breakpoints was not entirely random. We have found four clusters containing deletions from both groups indicative of deletion hot spots. The results indicate that BLM exposure may be associated with the induction of mtDNA mutations, and suggest the utility of SE-PCR method for evaluating drug-induced genotoxicity. JF - Mutation research AU - Khaidakov, Magomed AU - Manjanatha, Mugimane G AU - Aidoo, Anane AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson Laboratories of the FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. mkhaidakov@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/03/20/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 20 SP - 1 EP - 8 VL - 500 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic KW - 0 KW - DNA, Mitochondrial KW - Mutagens KW - Bleomycin KW - 11056-06-7 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Genetic Variation KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Nucleic Acid Conformation KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Gene Deletion KW - Rats KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Base Sequence KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid KW - Sequence Deletion KW - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Bleomycin -- toxicity KW - Mutation KW - DNA, Mitochondrial -- chemistry KW - DNA, Mitochondrial -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71509141?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Molecular+analysis+of+mitochondrial+DNA+mutations+from+bleomycin-treated+rats.&rft.au=Khaidakov%2C+Magomed%3BManjanatha%2C+Mugimane+G%3BAidoo%2C+Anane&rft.aulast=Khaidakov&rft.aufirst=Magomed&rft.date=2002-03-20&rft.volume=500&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-22 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - X-ray induced mutation in Syrian hamster fetal cells AN - 18287121; 5340419 AB - Transabdominal X-rays are a risk factor for childhood leukemia, and X-ray exposure of mouse fetuses has led to increases in both mutations and initiated tumors in offspring. However, fetal sensitivity and dose-response characteristics with regard to transplacental mutagenesis by X-rays have never been quantified. In the current experiment, pregnant Syrian hamsters at day 12 of gestation were irradiated with 300-kV X-rays. Twenty-four hours later, the fetuses were removed and their cells were allowed a 5 day expression time in culture. They were then seeded for colony formation and also for mutation selection by 6-thioguanine (6-TG). Mutation frequency was linear over the entire dose range, 10-600 R. The average induced 6-TG mutant frequency was 4.7 x 10 super(-7) per R. These results suggest that fetal cells are highly sensitive to induction of mutations by X-rays, and that a no-effect threshold is not likely. The 10 R dose caused a 25-fold increase in mutation frequency over the historical control, 45 x 10 super(-7) versus 1.8 x 10 super(-7) , an increase per R of 2.5-fold. Increased risk of childhood cancer related to obstetrical transabdominal X-ray has also been estimated at 2.5-fold per R. Thus, our results are consistent with mutation contributing to this effect. JF - Mutation Research-Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis AU - Donovan, P J AU - Smith, G T AD - Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Building 538, Room 205E, 21702-1201 Frederick, MD USA Y1 - 2002/03/20/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 20 SP - 9 EP - 15 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 500 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - hamsters KW - 6-Thioguanine KW - 6-thioguanine KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Leukemia KW - X radiation KW - Gene frequency KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials KW - G 07232:Radiation (X) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18287121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Fundamental+and+Molecular+Mechanisms+of+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=X-ray+induced+mutation+in+Syrian+hamster+fetal+cells&rft.au=Donovan%2C+P+J%3BSmith%2C+G+T&rft.aulast=Donovan&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-03-20&rft.volume=500&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Fundamental+and+Molecular+Mechanisms+of+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leukemia; X radiation; Gene frequency ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Prion protein activation of the NF-kB signalling pathway in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells AN - 39452424; 3660067 AU - Bacot, S M AU - Jessen, M AU - Feldman, G M Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39452424?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Homestore%2C+Inc.+at+ThinkEquity+Partners+3rd+Annual+Growth+Conference+-+Final%3A+%5B1%5D&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-09-12&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fair+Disclosure+Wire&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Leukocyte Biology, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; phone: 301-571-5703; fax: 301-571-5704; email: slb@faseb.org; URL: www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~slb. Poster Paper No. 63 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Impaired interferon gamma signaling pathway in leishmania-infected human macrophages is associated with the induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 AN - 39426683; 3660218 AU - Bertholet, S AU - Dickensheets, H L AU - Donnelly, R P AU - Sacks, D AU - Kenney, R T Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39426683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Impaired+interferon+gamma+signaling+pathway+in+leishmania-infected+human+macrophages+is+associated+with+the+induction+of+suppressor+of+cytokine+signaling-3&rft.au=Bertholet%2C+S%3BDickensheets%2C+H+L%3BDonnelly%2C+R+P%3BSacks%2C+D%3BKenney%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Bertholet&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Leukocyte Biology, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; phone: 301-571-5703; fax: 301-571-5704; email: slb@faseb.org; URL: www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~slb. Poster Paper No. 214 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling the lag phase of Listeria monocytogenes AN - 18323018; 5367859 AB - An estimate of the lag phase duration is an important component for predicting the growth of a bacterium and for creating process models and risk assessments. Most current research and data for predictive modeling programs initiated growth studies with cells grown to the stationary phase in a favorable pH, nutrient and temperature environment. In this work, Listeria monocytogenes Scott A cells were grown in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth at different temperatures from 4 to 37 degree C to the exponential growth or stationary phases. Additional cells were suspended in a dilute broth, desiccated or frozen. These cells were then transferred to BHI broth at various temperatures from 4 to 37 degree C and the lag phase durations were determined by enumerating cells at appropriate time intervals. Long lag phases were observed for cells initially grown at high temperatures and transferred to low temperatures. In general, exponential growth cells had the shortest lag phases, stationary phase and starved cells had longer, frozen cells had slightly longer and desiccated cells had the longest lag phases. These data were from immediate temperature transitions. When a computer-controlled water bath linearly changed the temperature from 37 to 5 degree C over a 3.0- or 6.0-h period, the cells had short lags and grew continuously with declining growth rates. Transitions of 0.75 or 1.0 h had 20-h lag phases, essentially that of immediate transitions. When the transition was 1.5 h, an intermediate pattern of less than 1 log of growth followed by no additional growth for 20 h occurred. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Whiting, R C AU - Bagi, L K AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, 200 C. Street, SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA, rwhiting@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/03/11/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 11 SP - 291 EP - 295 VL - 73 IS - 2-3 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Risk assessment KW - Lag phase KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Mathematical models KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18323018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Modeling+the+lag+phase+of+Listeria+monocytogenes&rft.au=Whiting%2C+R+C%3BBagi%2C+L+K&rft.aulast=Whiting&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-11&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Lag phase; Mathematical models; Risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A prospective 1-year clinical and radiographic study of implants placed after maxillary sinus floor augmentation with bovine hydroxyapatite and autogenous bone. AN - 85363467; pmid-11887139 AB - The purposes of this study were 1) to evaluate the survival rate of implants placed in maxillary sinuses augmented with bovine hydroxyapatite and autogenous bone 6 months before implant surgery and 2) to estimate dimensional changes of the bone graft with time using a new radiographic method.Thirty maxillary sinuses in 20 consecutive patients with severe resorption (mean, 3.8 mm of remaining alveolar bone) were augmented with a mixture of 80% bovine hydroxyapatite and 20% autogenous bone mixed with fibrin glue to enable the placement of screw-shaped dental implants. After 6 months of primary healing, 108 implants were placed and followed with clinical and radiographic examinations during the first year of loading. Measurements of changes in height, width, and length of the grafted material were made on tomographic Scanora (Soredex Orion Corporation Ltd, Helsinki, Finland) and panoramic radiographs taken 3 and 12 months after grafting and after 1 year of bridge loading.Ten implants in 6 patients were lost during the study (9 before loading and 1 after 1 year of functional loading), for a survival rate of 90.7%. All patients received fixed restorations, and the bridge survival rate was 100% after 1 year of loading. Small (<10%) but statistically significant dimensional changes in the grafted material were seen during the study period.Acceptable short-term results can be obtained with implants placed after the use of bovine hydroxyapatite and autogenous bone for maxillary sinus floor augmentation. These grafts show good resistance to resorption.Copyright 2002 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons JF - Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons AU - Hallman, Mats AU - Hedin, Måns AU - Sennerby, Lars AU - Lundgren, Stefan AD - Clinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Public Health Service, Gävle City, Sweden. mats.hallman@lg.se Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 277 EP - 84; discussion 285-6 VL - 60 IS - 3 SN - 0278-2391, 0278-2391 KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Aged KW - Alveolar Bone Loss: etiology KW - Alveolar Bone Loss: radiography KW - Alveolar Bone Loss: surgery KW - Animals KW - Bone Transplantation KW - Cattle KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Chin: surgery KW - Dental Implantation, Endosseous KW - Dental Implants: adverse effects KW - Dental Prosthesis Retention KW - Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported KW - *Dental Restoration Failure KW - Denture, Partial, Fixed KW - Durapatite KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Life Tables KW - Male KW - Maxillary Sinus: radiography KW - *Maxillary Sinus: surgery KW - Middle Aged KW - Oral Surgical Procedures, Preprosthetic: adverse effects KW - *Oral Surgical Procedures, Preprosthetic: methods KW - Patient Satisfaction KW - Prospective Studies KW - Radiography, Dental KW - Surgical Wound Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85363467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+oral+and+maxillofacial+surgery+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+of+Oral+and+Maxillofacial+Surgeons&rft.atitle=A+prospective+1-year+clinical+and+radiographic+study+of+implants+placed+after+maxillary+sinus+floor+augmentation+with+bovine+hydroxyapatite+and+autogenous+bone.&rft.au=Hallman%2C+Mats%3BHedin%2C+M%C3%A5ns%3BSennerby%2C+Lars%3BLundgren%2C+Stefan&rft.aulast=Hallman&rft.aufirst=Mats&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+oral+and+maxillofacial+surgery+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+of+Oral+and+Maxillofacial+Surgeons&rft.issn=02782391&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Summary health statistics for the U.S. population: National Health Interview Survey, 1997. AN - 72925876; 15786608 AB - This report presents health statistics from the 1997 National Health Interview Survey for the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States, classified by age, gender, race and Hispanic origin, poverty status, income, education, place of residence, region of residence, and, where appropriate, health insurance coverage. The topics covered are health status and limitations of activity, injuries and poisonings, health care access and utilization, and health insurance coverage. The NHIS is a multistage probability sample survey conducted annually by interviewers of the U.S. Census Bureau for the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and is representative of the civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. population. Data are collected during face-to-face interviews with adults present at the time of interview. Information about children and absent adults is obtained from an adult proxy respondent. Nearly 40% of Americans reported having excellent health in 1997, while almost 10% reported having either fair or poor health. Regarding health insurance coverage, 16% of the U.S. population did not have any health insurance coverage in 1997. Nineteen percent of non-Hispanic black persons and 33% of Hispanics were uninsured in 1997 as opposed to 12% of non-Hispanic white persons. Further, 45% of poor Hispanics and 43% of near poor Hispanics under age 65 years were uninsured, while among persons ages 65 years and over, 7% of poor Hispanics were uninsured. Lastly, 78% of non-Hispanic white persons under age 65 years had private health insurance coverage as opposed to 55% non-Hispanic black persons and 46% of Hispanics in this same age category. JF - Vital and health statistics. Series 10, Data from the National Health Survey AU - Blackwell, Debra L AU - Tonthat, Luong AD - Division of Health Interview Statistics, Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Contol and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Maryland 20782-2003, USA. Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 1 EP - 92 IS - 204 SN - 0083-1972, 0083-1972 KW - Index Medicus KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Activities of Daily Living KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Health Services Accessibility -- statistics & numerical data KW - Insurance Coverage -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Health Status Indicators KW - Health Surveys UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72925876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vital+and+health+statistics.+Series+10%2C+Data+from+the+National+Health+Survey&rft.atitle=Summary+health+statistics+for+the+U.S.+population%3A+National+Health+Interview+Survey%2C+1997.&rft.au=Blackwell%2C+Debra+L%3BTonthat%2C+Luong&rft.aulast=Blackwell&rft.aufirst=Debra&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=204&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vital+and+health+statistics.+Series+10%2C+Data+from+the+National+Health+Survey&rft.issn=00831972&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-08 N1 - Date created - 2005-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Derived trail making test indices in a sample of alcohol abusers: demographic effects. AN - 72018138; 12187783 AB - Derived indices on the Trail Making test (TMT), a test often used for screening cognitive impairments, were examined in a sample of alcohol abusers in drug abuse treatment programs. A mixed race sample of 1000 subjects was drawn from electronic files of data from the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS). The DATOS was a naturalistic, prospective cohort study that collected data from 1991-1993 in 96 programs in 11 cities in the United States. Data were analyzed to determine the effects of demographic variables on derived indices created by adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing parts A and B of the TMT in this large treatment sample of alcohol abusers. The variables of age, ethnicity, and education were statistically significant for the total (A + B), interaction (A x B/100), and difference score (B-A) derived indices of the TMT. The ratio score (B/A) was only significant for education. JF - The International journal of neuroscience AU - Roberts, Charles AU - Horton, Arthur MacNeill AD - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockwall II Building, Suite 840, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 337 EP - 346 VL - 112 IS - 3 SN - 0020-7454, 0020-7454 KW - Index Medicus KW - Educational Status KW - Age Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cognition KW - Psychological Tests KW - Cognition Disorders -- etiology KW - Alcoholism -- ethnology KW - Alcoholism -- psychology KW - Alcoholism -- complications KW - Cognition Disorders -- ethnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72018138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.atitle=Derived+trail+making+test+indices+in+a+sample+of+alcohol+abusers%3A+demographic+effects.&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Charles%3BHorton%2C+Arthur+MacNeill&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.issn=00207454&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-09 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating toxicologic end points to derive minimal risk levels for hazardous substances. AN - 71697532; 12018018 AB - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) uses chemical-specific minimal risk levels (MRLs) to assist in evaluating public health risks associated with exposure to hazardous substances. MRLs are estimates of daily human exposure to a chemical that are likely to be without an appreciable risk of adverse noncancer health effects over a specified duration of exposure. MRLs serve as screening levels for health assessors to identify contaminants and potential health effects that may be of concern for populations living near hazardous waste sites and chemical releases. MRLs are derived from toxicologic data complied from a comprehensive literature search and are presented in ATSDR's toxicological profile for that substance. They are based on the most sensitive substance-induced end point considered to be of relevance to humans. MRLs for each substance are derived for acute (1-14 days), intermediate (15-364 days), and chronic (365 days and longer) exposure durations, and for the oral and inhalation routes of exposure. In this paper, we present an overview of the approach used for evaluating the toxicologic end points in deriving the MRLs. Examples are given to illustrate the agency's efforts to achieve increased understanding, reduced uncertainty and improved public health guidance. JF - International journal of hygiene and environmental health AU - Chou, C H Selene J AU - Williams, Malcolm AU - Jones, Dennis AU - De Rosa, Christopher T AD - Division of Toxicology, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Department of Health and Human Services, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, MS E29, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. cjc3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 71 EP - 75 VL - 205 IS - 1-2 SN - 1438-4639, 1438-4639 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Endpoint Determination KW - Humans KW - Toxicity Tests KW - Risk Assessment KW - Public Health KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Health KW - Inhalation Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71697532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Evaluating+toxicologic+end+points+to+derive+minimal+risk+levels+for+hazardous+substances.&rft.au=Chou%2C+C+H+Selene+J%3BWilliams%2C+Malcolm%3BJones%2C+Dennis%3BDe+Rosa%2C+Christopher+T&rft.aulast=Chou&rft.aufirst=C+H+Selene&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=205&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=14384639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Great lakes research--important human health findings and their impact on ATSDR's Superfund research program. AN - 71695885; 12018016 AB - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) was created by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980, commonly known as Superfund. ATSDR is the principal United States federal public health agency involved with issues of public health and applied science concerning the human health impact of living in the vicinity of a hazardous waste site, or emergencies resulting from unplanned releases of hazardous substances into community environments. In pursuing these mandates, ATSDR's mission is to prevent exposure and adverse human health effects and diminished quality of life associated with exposure to hazardous substances from waste sites, unplanned releases, and other sources of pollution present in the environment. There are more than 2,000 toxic substances found at hazardous waste sites in the United States. ATSDR has developed a prioritized list of 275 substances that pose the greatest hazard to human health. In conducting its work ATSDR has identified data gaps in knowledge about the toxicity of various hazardous substances as well as gaps in human exposure characterization. As part of its mandate, ATSDR initiated a Substance-Specific Applied Research Program (SSARP) to address these data gaps. The ATSDR Great Lakes Human Health Effects Research Program (GLHHERP) is a congressionally-mandated research program that characterizes exposure to persistent toxic substances and investigates the potential for adverse health outcome in at-risk populations. The research findings from this program in the areas of exposure, sociodemographic data, and health effects have significant public health implications for ATSDR's Superfund research activities. JF - International journal of hygiene and environmental health AU - Hicks, Heraline E AU - De Rosa, Christopher T AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. heh2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 49 EP - 61 VL - 205 IS - 1-2 SN - 1438-4639, 1438-4639 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Great Lakes Region KW - Fishes KW - Food Contamination KW - Quality of Life KW - Social Conditions KW - Research -- trends KW - Risk Assessment KW - Registries KW - Environmental Health KW - Environmental Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71695885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Great+lakes+research--important+human+health+findings+and+their+impact+on+ATSDR%27s+Superfund+research+program.&rft.au=Hicks%2C+Heraline+E%3BDe+Rosa%2C+Christopher+T&rft.aulast=Hicks&rft.aufirst=Heraline&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=205&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=14384639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Findings and accomplishments of ATSDR's Superfund-mandated Substance-Specific Applied Research Program. AN - 71691588; 12018014 AB - Priority research needs determined by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) for the agencies top-ranked hazardous substances are being filled via regulatory mechanisms, private sector voluntarism, and university-based research. To date, 17 studies have been completed, 12 are ongoing, and 12 are currently planned. Under the direction of the Substance-Specific Applied Research Program (SSARP), ATSDR-supported research has filled research needs that significantly improved the information base available for making appropriate public health decisions. With the knowledge and understanding gained from this research, health professionals are better able to identify and interdict significant exposure and mitigate toxicity when exposure occurs. Thus, the SSARP has played, and continues to play, a vital role in contributing towards improving ATSDR's efforts to meet its mission and goals in environmental public health. In addition to addressing research needs of interest to ATSDR, findings from the program have contributed to the overall scientific knowledge about the effects of toxic substances in the environment. JF - International journal of hygiene and environmental health AU - Stevens, Yee-Wan AU - Williams-Johnson, Mildred M AU - De Rosa, Christopher T AU - Cibulas, William AD - Division of Toxicology, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. yts1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 29 EP - 39 VL - 205 IS - 1-2 SN - 1438-4639, 1438-4639 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Policy Making KW - Information Services KW - Financing, Government KW - Interinstitutional Relations KW - Humans KW - Research -- trends KW - Decision Making KW - Risk Assessment KW - Research Support as Topic KW - Registries KW - Environment KW - Private Sector KW - Hazardous Substances -- classification KW - Public Health KW - Environmental Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71691588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Findings+and+accomplishments+of+ATSDR%27s+Superfund-mandated+Substance-Specific+Applied+Research+Program.&rft.au=Stevens%2C+Yee-Wan%3BWilliams-Johnson%2C+Mildred+M%3BDe+Rosa%2C+Christopher+T%3BCibulas%2C+William&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=Yee-Wan&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=205&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=14384639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A cycloheximide-sensitive factor regulates TCDD-induced degradation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. AN - 71670769; 12002481 AB - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a prototype of environmental halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, induces a rapid reduction in steady state aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Here, we analyzed the biochemical pathway and function of the downregulation. Our results reveal that TCDD downregulates the AhR protein by shortening the halflife of AhR. The TCDD-induced degradation of AhR is inhibited by MG132, a potent inhibitor of the 26S proteasome, indicating the ubiquitin-26S proteasome mediated proteolysis as a mechanism for the degradation of AhR. Furthermore, inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide blocks the degradation of AhR by TCDD, suggesting a labile factor in controlling the stability of ligand-activated AhR (hence, designated as AhR degradation promoting factor, or ADPF). Analyses of nuclear AhR demonstrated that cycloheximide increases nuclear AhR protein and functional AhR/Arnt DNA-binding complex, resulting in superinduction of CYP1A1. Lastly, genetic analyses by using AhR- or Arnt-defective variant cells demonstrate that superinduction by cycloheximide requires the transcription activation (TA) domain of AhR, implicating the TA domain in the control of AhR turnover by ADPF. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism by which TCDD-activated AhR is regulated in nucleus through the 26S proteasome protein degradation pathway. JF - Chemosphere AU - Ma, Qiang AU - Baldwin, Kimberly T AD - Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. qam1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 1491 EP - 1500 VL - 46 IS - 9-10 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Ligands KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Cycloheximide KW - 98600C0908 KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Peptide Hydrolases KW - EC 3.4.- KW - Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex KW - EC 3.4.25.1 KW - ATP dependent 26S protease KW - EC 3.4.99.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Half-Life KW - Down-Regulation KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 -- pharmacology KW - Cycloheximide -- pharmacology KW - DNA -- chemistry KW - Mice KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 -- biosynthesis KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon -- drug effects KW - Environmental Pollutants -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon -- physiology KW - Peptide Hydrolases -- pharmacology KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71670769?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=A+cycloheximide-sensitive+factor+regulates+TCDD-induced+degradation+of+the+aryl+hydrocarbon+receptor.&rft.au=Ma%2C+Qiang%3BBaldwin%2C+Kimberly+T&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=Qiang&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=9-10&rft.spage=1491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Automated support for pharmacovigilance: a proposed system. AN - 71666242; 11998536 AB - Governments, manufacturers, and other entities are interested in adverse event surveillance of marketed medical products. FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research redesigned the post-marketing adverse reaction surveillance process to use the advantages of new technology. As part of this effort, a 'Pharmacovigilance Working Group' designed a new strategy for the review and analyses of adverse event reports received by FDA. It created requirements which divided signal detection into five tiers: (1) Single 'urgent' reports would be sent to reviewers' workstations nightly for immediate attention. Reviewers would be able to customize definitions of 'urgent' (events that should not wait for aggregate review). (2) Single urgent reports would be placed in a context matrix containing historical counts of similar events to aid in initial interpretation. (3) In this first level of aggregate review, graphical displays would highlight patterns within all the reports, both urgent and non-urgent, and (4) periodic drug-specific tabled-based reports would display the newly received reports across a pre-defined variety of displays. These four tiers would produce passive and criteria-based results which would be presented to safety reviewers' electronic workstations. (5) Active query capabilities (routine, such as age, sex, and year distributions, as well as ad hoc) would be available for exploring alerted issues. The historical database would be migrated into the new format. All historical and new reaction data would be coded with the new MedDRA (Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities) scheme. The strategy was to design a full data capture system which effectively exploits current computing advances and technical performance to automate many aspects of initial adverse event review, supporting more efficient and effective clinical assessment of safety signals. JF - Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety AU - Bright, Roselie A AU - Nelson, Robert C AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, 1350 Piccard Drive, HFZ-541, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. rxb@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 121 EP - 125 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 1053-8569, 1053-8569 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Pharmacoepidemiology -- methods KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing -- methods KW - Program Evaluation -- methods KW - Humans KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Databases, Factual KW - United States Food and Drug Administration -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Automatic Data Processing -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71666242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+drug+safety&rft.atitle=Automated+support+for+pharmacovigilance%3A+a+proposed+system.&rft.au=Bright%2C+Roselie+A%3BNelson%2C+Robert+C&rft.aulast=Bright&rft.aufirst=Roselie&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+drug+safety&rft.issn=10538569&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of oxytetracycline residues in matrixes from a freshwater recirculating aquaculture system. AN - 71645095; 11990017 AB - This paper describes related procedures to determine the amount of oxytetracycline (OTC) present in trout tissue (muscle with skin attached), biofilter sand, sediment, and tank water from a recirculating aquaculture system. OTC was extracted from the matrixes by different techniques, depending on complexity of the matrix and desired OTC detection level in that matrix. Listed in order of increasing complexity, OTC was extracted from tank water by dilution with acidic buffer containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); from biofilter sand by shaking with 0.1 N HCl; from sediment by homogenization and shaking with buffer/EDTA; and from ground trout by homogenization and shaking with buffer/EDTA (twice), with further cleanup and concentration of the extract on a polymeric solid-phase extraction cartridge. The 4 procedures all used the same reversed-phase gradient chromatography on a polymeric column with UV detection at 350 nm. The lower limit of detection (estimated) and upper limit of validation for each of these 4 matrixes were 0.04-4.0 microg/g (ppm; trout), 0.03-20 ppm (biofilter sand), 1-6000 ppm (sediment), and 0.003-10 ppm (water). Recoveries ranged from 82 to 108%, with relative standard deviation <20% over the applicable concentration ranges. These procedures were used to monitor OTC residues resulting from medicated feed administered to rainbow trout in a recirculating aquaculture system. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Carson, Mary C AU - Bullock, Graham AU - Bebak-Williams, Julie AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. mcarson@cvm.fda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 341 EP - 348 VL - 85 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Oxytetracycline KW - X20I9EN955 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Geologic Sediments -- chemistry KW - Fresh Water -- analysis KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Trout -- metabolism KW - Silicon Dioxide -- chemistry KW - Oxytetracycline -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71645095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+oxytetracycline+residues+in+matrixes+from+a+freshwater+recirculating+aquaculture+system.&rft.au=Carson%2C+Mary+C%3BBullock%2C+Graham%3BBebak-Williams%2C+Julie&rft.aulast=Carson&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Deal.com&rft.issn=15458318&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing the potential toxicity of MK-801 and remacemide: chronic exposure in juvenile rhesus monkeys. AN - 71586068; 11943507 AB - The present experiment examined the effects of chronic exposure to either 0.1 or 1.0 mg/kg MK-801 [a selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist] or 20.0 or 50.0 mg/kg remacemide (an NMDA receptor antagonist which also blocks fast sodium channels) in juvenile rhesus monkeys. Endpoints were monitored to provide a general index of subjects' health and included measures of clinical chemistry, hematology, ophthalmology, spontaneous home-cage behavior, and peak drug plasma levels. In general, both drugs were well tolerated and produced no treatment-related effects during 2 years of dosing and assessment. Periodic plasma drug level determinations provided limited evidence that both compounds may induce their own metabolism. The present results contrast sharply with previously reported effects of long-lasting impairments in the acquisition of incremental learning and in the development of color and position discrimination in these same subjects. These observations highlight the importance of collecting a broad range of toxicology data, including tests of cognitive function, to make comprehensive assessments of new drug safety. In the present case, the less obvious effects of these drugs on cognition defined the toxicologic response. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Popke, E J AU - Patton, R AU - Newport, G D AU - Rushing, L G AU - Fogle, C M AU - Allen, R R AU - Pearson, E C AU - Hammond, T G AU - Paule, M G AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, HFT-132, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079-950, USA. PY - 2002 SP - 193 EP - 207 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Acetamides KW - 0 KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate KW - Dizocilpine Maleate KW - 6LR8C1B66Q KW - remacemide KW - EH6763C1IC KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Blood Chemical Analysis KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Female KW - Blood Cell Count KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Acetamides -- toxicity KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Dizocilpine Maleate -- toxicity KW - Dizocilpine Maleate -- blood KW - Acetamides -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71586068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Furniture+Today&rft.atitle=Morris+opens+first+Ashley+store+in+Cincinnati&rft.au=Engel%2C+Clint&rft.aulast=Engel&rft.aufirst=Clint&rft.date=2004-05-17&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=36&rft.spage=2&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Furniture+Today&rft.issn=0194360X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative evaluation of alkylphenolic compounds on estrogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. AN - 71578910; 11936222 AB - This study was undertaken to compare the sensitivity of screening test methods and to investigate the structure-activity relationships of the estrogenic activity of alkylphenolic compounds (APs) using in vitro and in vivo assays. Two in vitro systems, MCF-7 cell proliferation (E-screen assay) and competitive binding assay to estrogen receptor (ER), were selected to evaluate the estrogenic effects. Uterotrophic assay and Calbindin-D9K (CaBP9K) mRNA expression were also examined in ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley female rats. A series of APs with various alkyl groups were examined, namely, 4-propylphenol, 4-butylphenol, 4-t-butylphenol, 4-pentylphenol, 4-nonylphenol, 4-octylphenol, 4-t-octylphenol, and 4-phenylphenol, and 17beta-estradiol (E2) was used as a positive control. In the E-screen assay, E2 was found to induce maximum proliferation of MCF-7 cells at 1 nM. Among the APs, 4-t-octylphenol and 4-nonylphenol were found to be considerably more potent than any other compound and estrogenic effects were detectable at 1 and 10 microM, respectively. 4-t-Octylphenol and 4-nonylphenol inhibited the binding of E2 to the ER of MCF-7 cells in a competitive ER binding assay. The uterotrophic effects to APs (10, 50, 200, and 400 mg/kg/d) were compared to E2 (1 microg/kg) in ovariectomized rats after treatment for 3 d. 4-Nonylphenol, 4-t-octylphenol, and 4-phenylphenol produced dose-dependent increases in the uterine weights of ovariectomized rats. In the CaBP-9K mRNA expression test, CaBP-9K mRNA levels were detected in the uteri of ovariectomized rats treated with 4-pentylphenol (400 mg/kg), 4-nonylphenol, 4-phenylphenol (200 and 400 mg/kg), and 4-t-octylphenol (50 mg/kg and above), respectively. In the dot blot assay, CaBP-9K mRNA levels were significantly increased in rats exposed to 4-t-octylphenol (200 and 400 mg/kg), 4-pentylphenol, 4-nonylphenol, and 4-phenylphenol (400 mg/kg), respectively. Among the APs, compounds with bulky alkyl groups or higher carbon numbers possessed higher estrogenic capacity. In addition, the pattern of CaBP-9K expression correlated with that of the 3-d uterotrophic assay. Therefore, our results suggest that the CaBP-9K gene might be used as a potential biomarker for the screening of endocrine disruptors. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Kwack, Seung Jun AU - Kwon, Oran AU - Kim, Hyung Sik AU - Kim, Soon Sun AU - Kim, So Hee AU - Sohn, Kyung Hee AU - Lee, Rhee Da AU - Park, Chul Hoon AU - Jeung, Eui Bae AU - An, Beum-Soo AU - Park, Kui Lea AD - Department of Toxicology, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul. Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 419 EP - 431 VL - 65 IS - 5-6 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Calbindins KW - Phenols KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Estrogen KW - S100 Calcium Binding Protein G KW - S100g protein, rat KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Uterus -- drug effects KW - RNA, Messenger -- biosynthesis KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Uterus -- cytology KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Toxicity Tests KW - Endocrine System -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Cell Division KW - Receptors, Estrogen -- drug effects KW - Phenols -- pharmacology KW - S100 Calcium Binding Protein G -- biosynthesis KW - Receptors, Estrogen -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71578910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Comparative+evaluation+of+alkylphenolic+compounds+on+estrogenic+activity+in+vitro+and+in+vivo.&rft.au=Kwack%2C+Seung+Jun%3BKwon%2C+Oran%3BKim%2C+Hyung+Sik%3BKim%2C+Soon+Sun%3BKim%2C+So+Hee%3BSohn%2C+Kyung+Hee%3BLee%2C+Rhee+Da%3BPark%2C+Chul+Hoon%3BJeung%2C+Eui+Bae%3BAn%2C+Beum-Soo%3BPark%2C+Kui+Lea&rft.aulast=Kwack&rft.aufirst=Seung&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=419&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of dibutyl phthalate and monobutyl phthalate on cytotoxicity and differentiation in cultured rat embryonic limb bud cells; protection by antioxidants. AN - 71578111; 11936225 AB - This present study was undertaken to examine the effects of DBP and its metabolite mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBuP) on cytotoxicity and differentiation in cultured rat embryonic limb bud cells. When limb bud cells extracted from rats on gestation d 12.5 were treated with DBP or MBuP for 96 h, induction of cytotoxicity and inhibition of cell differentiation were observed in a concentration-dependent manner. However, MBuP elicited a toxic effect at higher concentrations than DBP. The IC50 values of DBP for cytotoxicity (measured by neutral red uptake) and cell differentiation (measured by alcian blue staining) were 25.54 microg/ml (91.75 microM) and 21.21 microg/ml (76.20 microM), respectively. The IC50 values of MBuP for cytotoxicity and cell differentiation were 307.24 microg/ml (1.38 mM) and 142.61 microg/ml (0.64 mM), respectively. in order to determine whether free radicals are related to induction of cytotoxicity and inhibition of differentiation by DBP in limb bud cells, DBP was coadministered with several antioxidants, including catalase and vitamin E acetate to limb bud cells. Cotreatment with catalase and vitamin E acetate decreased induction of cytotoxicity and inhibition of differentiation by DBP in limb bud cells. However, these compounds did not show any protective effect against MBuP. Results indicate that DBP and MBuP induced developmental toxicity in rat embryonic limb bud cells and suggest that this effect of DBP might be exerted through oxidative stress. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Kim, So Hee AU - Kim, Soon Sun AU - Kwon, Oran AU - Sohn, Kyung Hee AU - Kwack, Seung Jun AU - Choi, Yo Woo AU - Han, Soon Young AU - Lee, Myung Koo AU - Park, Kui Lea AD - National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul. Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 461 EP - 472 VL - 65 IS - 5-6 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Free Radicals KW - Phthalic Acids KW - monobutyl phthalate KW - 131-70-4 KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - Dibutyl Phthalate KW - 2286E5R2KE KW - Catalase KW - EC 1.11.1.6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Extremities -- embryology KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Rats, Wistar KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Cell Culture Techniques KW - Vitamin E -- pharmacology KW - Catalase -- pharmacology KW - Female KW - Phthalic Acids -- adverse effects KW - Dibutyl Phthalate -- adverse effects KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Cell Differentiation -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71578111?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Effects+of+dibutyl+phthalate+and+monobutyl+phthalate+on+cytotoxicity+and+differentiation+in+cultured+rat+embryonic+limb+bud+cells%3B+protection+by+antioxidants.&rft.au=Kim%2C+So+Hee%3BKim%2C+Soon+Sun%3BKwon%2C+Oran%3BSohn%2C+Kyung+Hee%3BKwack%2C+Seung+Jun%3BChoi%2C+Yo+Woo%3BHan%2C+Soon+Young%3BLee%2C+Myung+Koo%3BPark%2C+Kui+Lea&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=So&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=461&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cis-4-[(18)F]fluoro-L-proline PET imaging of pulmonary fibrosis in a rabbit model. AN - 71555352; 11884503 AB - A fluorinated analog of proline amino acid, cis-4-[(18)F]fluoro-L-proline (FP), was tested for potential use in PET for detection and evaluation of pulmonary response to respirable crystalline silica. The purpose of the study was to determine whether PET imaging with FP is sensitive for detection of pulmonary fibrosis. Experimental silicosis was produced in rabbits by airway instillation of 300 mg respirable silica in 0.9% sterile saline; control rabbits received only saline. After 1, 2, 4, or 5 mo, animals were injected with 37 MBq (1 mCi) FP, and imaged in sets of 2 to 3 in a PET scanner using a dynamic scanning protocol over a 3-h period. Each imaging set contained at least 1 control rabbit. FP uptake in each lung was scored from 0 to 5 (PET score) by consensus of 3 readers blinded to animals' exposure status. Animals were humanely killed 2 d after the last imaging, and tissue sections from each lung lobe were graded from 0 to 5 by histopathology examination (histopathology score) for severity and distribution of fibrosis. Silicotic animals had significantly higher (P 1) showed a significant association with elevated PET score (i.e., PET score > 1) using Fisher's exact test (P 1 showed evidence of fibrosis. Localization of activity to specific lung areas was less exact, perhaps due in part to the small animal size for the resolution of the clinical PET imager used. PET scores were elevated (>1) for 67% (10/15) of silicotic right lungs and 75% (12/16) of silicotic left lungs; fibrosis scores > 1 were measured in 91% (10/11) of right lungs with PET scores > 1, and in 92% (12/13) of such left lungs. The FP tracer provided sensitive and specific identification of silicotic animals in early stages of the disease. This suggests that FP PET imaging has the potential sensitivity to detect active fibrosis in silicosis and other lung diseases. Additional studies are needed to determine the specificity of the FP tracer for fibrosis versus inflammatory processes. JF - Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine AU - Wallace, William E AU - Gupta, Naresh C AU - Hubbs, Ann F AU - Mazza, Samuel M AU - Bishop, Harry A AU - Keane, Michael J AU - Battelli, Lori A AU - Ma, Jane AU - Schleiff, Patricia AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 413 EP - 420 VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 0161-5505, 0161-5505 KW - Fluorine Radioisotopes KW - 0 KW - Radiopharmaceuticals KW - fluoro-proline KW - Proline KW - 9DLQ4CIU6V KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Silicosis -- diagnostic imaging KW - Animals KW - Lung -- diagnostic imaging KW - Rabbits KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Male KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- pathology KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- diagnostic imaging KW - Tomography, Emission-Computed KW - Proline -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71555352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+nuclear+medicine+%3A+official+publication%2C+Society+of+Nuclear+Medicine&rft.atitle=Cis-4-%5B%2818%29F%5Dfluoro-L-proline+PET+imaging+of+pulmonary+fibrosis+in+a+rabbit+model.&rft.au=Wallace%2C+William+E%3BGupta%2C+Naresh+C%3BHubbs%2C+Ann+F%3BMazza%2C+Samuel+M%3BBishop%2C+Harry+A%3BKeane%2C+Michael+J%3BBattelli%2C+Lori+A%3BMa%2C+Jane%3BSchleiff%2C+Patricia&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=413&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+nuclear+medicine+%3A+official+publication%2C+Society+of+Nuclear+Medicine&rft.issn=01615505&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Nucl Med. 2003 Mar;44(3):483-4; author reply 484 [12621018] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutant frequencies and loss of heterozygosity induced by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in the thymidine kinase gene of L5178Y/TK(+/-)-3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells. AN - 71499097; 11880538 AB - N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) is a potent monofunctional ethylating agent that has been found to be mutagenic in a wide variety of organisms from viruses to mammalian germ cells. To elucidate the mutagenicity of ENU at the Tk(+/-) locus of mouse lymphoma cells and to confirm the ability of the mouse lymphoma assay (MLA) to detect both point mutations and large DNA alterations, Tk(+/-) L5178Y cells were exposed to different doses of ENU. Treatment of the cells with ENU resulted in a linear dose response with mutant frequencies of up to 16-fold over control. Evaluation of mutant clone size showed that 36% of the 100 microg/ml ENU-induced clones (66% in control) were small colony mutants and 64% (34% in control) were large colony mutants. DNA isolated from mutants in the control culture and the 100 microg/ml ENU treatment group was analyzed for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) using allele-specific PCR. The majority of the small colony mutants, both ENU-treated (97%) and spontaneous (91%), lost the Tk1b allele. The percentage of allele loss in ENU-induced large colony mutants was distinctly different from that of the control. Twenty-three percent of ENU-induced large colony mutants lost their Tk1b alleles, whereas 73% of the large colony mutants from the control culture lost the allele (P < 0.001). Overall, 50% of the Tk mutants from the 100 microg/ml ENU-treated cultures (86% in control) showed LOH. Our data indicate that ENU is a potent mutagen in mouse lymphoma cells and that 100 microg/ml ENU induces equal numbers of point mutations and chromosomal mutations. This study serves to verify that the MLA detects both point mutations and chromosomal mutations. JF - Mutagenesis AU - Chen, Tao AU - Harrington-Brock, Karen AU - Moore, Martha M AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. tchen@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 105 EP - 109 VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0267-8357, 0267-8357 KW - Alkylating Agents KW - 0 KW - Thymidine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.21 KW - Ethylnitrosourea KW - P8M1T4190R KW - Index Medicus KW - Microsatellite Repeats KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Base Sequence KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid KW - Heterozygote KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - Point Mutation KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mice KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Mutagenesis KW - Mice, Knockout KW - Ethylnitrosourea -- toxicity KW - Leukemia L5178 -- genetics KW - Alkylating Agents -- toxicity KW - Loss of Heterozygosity -- drug effects KW - Leukemia L5178 -- enzymology KW - Thymidine Kinase -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71499097?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Mutant+frequencies+and+loss+of+heterozygosity+induced+by+N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea+in+the+thymidine+kinase+gene+of+L5178Y%2FTK%28%2B%2F-%29-3.7.2C+mouse+lymphoma+cells.&rft.au=Chen%2C+Tao%3BHarrington-Brock%2C+Karen%3BMoore%2C+Martha+M&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Tao&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02678357&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Respirable concrete dust--silicosis hazard in the construction industry. AN - 71492190; 11871757 AB - Concrete is an extremely important part of the infrastructure of modern life and must be replaced as it ages. Many of the methods of removing, repairing, or altering existing concrete structures have the potential for producing vast quantities of respirable dust. Since crystalline silica in the form of quartz is a major component of concrete, airborne respirable quartz dust may be produced during construction work involving the disturbance of concrete, thereby producing a silicosis hazard for exposed workers. Silicosis is a debilitating and sometimes fatal lung disease resulting from breathing microscopic particles of crystalline silica. Between 1992 and 1998, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) made visits to construction projects where concrete was being mechanically disturbed in order to obtain data concerning respirable crystalline silica dust exposures. The construction activities studied included: abrasive blasting, concrete pavement sawing and drilling, and asphalt/concrete milling. Air samples of respirable dust were obtained using 10-mm nylon cyclone pre-separators, 37-mm polyvinyl chloride (PVC) filters, and constant-flow pumps calibrated at 1.7 L/min. In addition, high-volume respirable dust samples were obtained on 37-mm PVC filters using 1/2" metal cyclones (Sensidyne model 18) and constant-flow pumps calibrated at 9.0 L/min. Air sample analysis included total weight gain by gravimetric analysis according to NIOSH Analytical Method 600 and respirable crystalline silica (quartz and cristobalite) using x-ray diffraction, as per NIOSH Analytical Method 7500. For abrasive blasting of concrete structures, the respirable crystalline silica (quartz) concentration ranged up to 14.0 mg/m3 for a 96-minute sample resulting in an eight-hour time-weighted average (TWA) of 2.8 mg/m3. For drilling concrete highway pavement the respirable quartz concentrations ranged up to 4.4 mg/m3 for a 358-minute sample, resulting in an eight-hour TWA of 3.3 mg/m3. For concrete wall grinding during new building construction the respirable quartz measurements ranged up to 0.66 mg/m3 for a 191-minute sample, resulting in an eight-hour TWA of 0.26 mg/m3. The air sampling results for concrete sawing ranged up to 14.0 mg/m3 for a 350-minute sample resulting in an eight-hour TWA of 10.0 mg/m3. During the milling of asphalt from concrete highway pavement, the sampling indicated a respirable quartz concentration ranging up to 0.34 mg/m3 for a 504-minute sample, resulting in an eight-hour TWA of 0.36 mg/m3. The results of this work indicate the potential for respirable quartz concentrations involving disturbance of concrete to range up to 280 times the NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) of 0.05 mg/m3 assuming exposure for an eight- to ten-hour workday. Considering the aging of the concrete infrastructure in the United States, these results pose a challenge to all who have an interest in preventing silica exposures and the associated disease silicosis. JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Linch, Kenneth D AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Surveillance Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 209 EP - 221 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Quartz KW - 14808-60-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Occupational Health KW - Humans KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - Workplace KW - Manufactured Materials KW - Time Factors KW - Risk Assessment KW - Industry KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Quartz -- adverse effects KW - Silicosis -- epidemiology KW - Facility Design and Construction KW - Quartz -- analysis KW - Silicosis -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71492190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Respirable+concrete+dust--silicosis+hazard+in+the+construction+industry.&rft.au=Linch%2C+Kenneth+D&rft.aulast=Linch&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selecting isocyanate sampling and analytical methods. AN - 71489970; 11871752 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Streicher, Robert P AU - Reh, Christopher M AU - Key-Schwartz, Rosa AU - Schlecht, Paul C AU - Cassinelli, Mary Ellen AU - O'Connor, Paula Fey AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 157 EP - 162 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Isocyanates KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Specimen Handling KW - Mining KW - Manufactured Materials KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Risk Assessment KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Isocyanates -- analysis KW - Chemistry Techniques, Analytical -- methods KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71489970?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Selecting+isocyanate+sampling+and+analytical+methods.&rft.au=Streicher%2C+Robert+P%3BReh%2C+Christopher+M%3BKey-Schwartz%2C+Rosa%3BSchlecht%2C+Paul+C%3BCassinelli%2C+Mary+Ellen%3BO%27Connor%2C+Paula+Fey&rft.aulast=Streicher&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effectiveness of local exhaust for reducing welding fume exposure during boiler rehabilitation. AN - 71486274; 11871749 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Wallace, Marjorie AU - Fischbach, Thomas AD - Division of Applied Research and Technology, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 145 EP - 151 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Gases KW - 0 KW - Metals, Heavy KW - Stainless Steel KW - 12597-68-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Equipment Design KW - Humans KW - Volatilization KW - Air Movements KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Ventilation KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Welding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71486274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+local+exhaust+for+reducing+welding+fume+exposure+during+boiler+rehabilitation.&rft.au=Wallace%2C+Marjorie%3BFischbach%2C+Thomas&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=Marjorie&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interaction between noise and asphyxiants: a concern for toxicology and occupational health. AN - 71481150; 11861966 AB - The article highlighted in this issue is "Potentiation of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss by Low Concentrations of Hydrogen Cyanide in Rats" by Laurence D. Fechter, Guang-Di Chen, and David L. Johnson (pp. 131-138). JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Morata, Thais C AD - Hearing Loss Prevention Section, Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, C27, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. tmorata@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 1 EP - 3 VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Hydrogen Cyanide KW - 2WTB3V159F KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health KW - Animals KW - Auditory Threshold -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Noise, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced -- etiology KW - Hydrogen Cyanide -- toxicity KW - Noise -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71481150?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Interaction+between+noise+and+asphyxiants%3A+a+concern+for+toxicology+and+occupational+health.&rft.au=Morata%2C+Thais+C&rft.aulast=Morata&rft.aufirst=Thais&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-25 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment On: Toxicol Sci. 2002 Mar;66(1):131-8 [11861980] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Borna disease virus infection of the neonatal rat: developmental brain injury model of autism spectrum disorders. AN - 71480183; 11861216 AB - Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been the focus of a great deal of research and clinical speculation. This intense interest relates to both the perplexing pathogenesis and devastating consequences of these disorders. One of the obstacles to understanding the pathogenesis of autism and its efficient treatment has been the paucity of animal models that could be used for hypotheses-driven mechanistic studies of abnormal brain and behavior development and for the pre-clinical testing novel pharmacological treatments. The present review provides a detailed analysis of a new animal model of ASD. This model utilizes neonatal Borna disease virus (BDV) infection of the rat brain as a unique experimental teratogen to study the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental damage. For more than a decade, studies of the BDV animal model have yielded much insight into the pathogenic processes of abnormal brain development and resulting autistic-like behavioral abnormalities in rats. The most recent experiments demonstrate the utility of the BDV model for studying the pathophysiological mechanisms of the gene-environment interaction that determines differential disease outcomes and variability in responses to treatments. JF - Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library AU - Pletnikov, Mikhail V AU - Moran, Timothy H AU - Carbone, Kathryn M AD - Department of Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross 618, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. pletnikov@cbs5055530.cber.FDA.gov Y1 - 2002/03/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 01 SP - d593 EP - d607 VL - 7 SN - 1093-9946, 1093-9946 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred Lew KW - Humans KW - Brain -- physiopathology KW - Animals, Newborn -- psychology KW - Borna disease virus -- isolation & purification KW - Borna Disease -- physiopathology KW - Autistic Disorder -- virology KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Brain -- virology KW - Borna Disease -- virology KW - Borna Disease -- psychology KW - Animals, Newborn -- virology KW - Brain -- growth & development KW - Autistic Disorder -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71480183?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2016-09-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=ASHLEY+FURNITURE+HOMESTORE&rft.title=ASHLEY+FURNITURE+HOMESTORE&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Membrane localization of the S1 subunit of pertussis toxin in Bordetella pertussis and implications for pertussis toxin secretion. AN - 71463752; 11854200 AB - Pertussis toxin is secreted from Bordetella pertussis with the assistance of the Ptl transport system, a member of the type IV family of macromolecular transporters. The S1 subunit and the B oligomer combine to form the holotoxin prior to export from the bacterial cell, although the site of assembly is not known. To better understand the pathway of pertussis toxin assembly and secretion, we examined the subcellular location of the S1 subunit, expressed with or without the B oligomer and the Ptl proteins. In wild-type B. pertussis, the majority of the S1 subunit that remained cell associated localized to the bacterial membranes. In mutants of B. pertussis that do not express pertussis toxin and/or the Ptl proteins, full-length S1, expressed from a plasmid, partitioned almost entirely to the bacterial membranes. Several lines of evidence strongly suggest that the S1 subunit localizes to the outer membrane of B. pertussis. First, we found that membrane-bound full-length S1 was almost completely insoluble in Triton X-100. Second, recombinant S1 previously has been shown to localize to the outer membrane of Escherichia coli (J. T. Barbieri, M. Pizza, G. Cortina, and R. Rappuoli, Infect. Immun. 58:999-1003, 1990). Third, the S1 subunit possesses a distinctive amino acid motif at its carboxy terminus, including a terminal phenylalanine, which is highly conserved among bacterial outer membrane proteins. By using site-directed mutagenesis, we determined that the terminal phenylalanine is critical for stable expression of the S1 subunit. Our findings provide evidence that prior to assembly with the B oligomer and independent of the Ptl proteins, the S1 subunit localizes to the outer membrane of B. pertussis. Thus, outer membrane-bound S1 may serve as a nucleation site for assembly with the B oligomer and for interactions with the Ptl transport system. JF - Infection and immunity AU - Farizo, Karen M AU - Fiddner, Stefanie AU - Cheung, Anissa M AU - Burns, Drusilla L AD - Laboratory of Respiratory and Special Pathogens, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 1193 EP - 1201 VL - 70 IS - 3 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Membrane Transport Proteins KW - 0 KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Virulence Factors, Bordetella KW - pertussis toxin, S1 subunit KW - Pertussis Toxin KW - EC 2.4.2.31 KW - Index Medicus KW - Solubility KW - Cell Compartmentation KW - Biological Transport KW - Protein Conformation KW - Virulence Factors, Bordetella -- metabolism KW - Bordetella pertussis -- metabolism KW - Virulence Factors, Bordetella -- isolation & purification KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Cell Membrane -- ultrastructure KW - Cell Membrane -- metabolism KW - Bordetella pertussis -- ultrastructure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71463752?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+IPO+Reporter&rft.atitle=HOMESTORE.COM&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-08-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+IPO+Reporter&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-01 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Dec;81(24):7752-6 [6393126] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1983 Jul 1;224(1):290-8 [6683482] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jul;83(13):4631-5 [2873570] Infect Immun. 1986 Oct;54(1):109-17 [2875949] J Bacteriol. 1987 Jun;169(6):2843-6 [2438270] Annu Rev Biochem. 1987;56:615-49 [3113327] Annu Rev Microbiol. 1987;41:507-41 [3318678] J Biol Chem. 1987 Dec 25;262(36):17677-82 [3320046] Infect Immun. 1988 Dec;56(12):3189-95 [2903126] Infect Immun. 1989 Mar;57(3):944-50 [2465274] Hybridoma. 1989 Feb;8(1):37-51 [2466764] Gene. 1988 Oct 15;70(1):191-7 [2853689] Mol Gen Genet. 1989 Mar;216(1):144-8 [2543905] Infect Immun. 1990 Apr;58(4):999-1003 [2108094] J Biol Chem. 1990 Oct 15;265(29):17759-63 [2211659] J Bacteriol. 1991 Jan;173(2):720-6 [1987161] J Mol Biol. 1991 Mar 5;218(1):141-8 [1848301] J Bacteriol. 1991 Jul;173(14):4288-96 [2066330] Mol Microbiol. 1991 Jul;5(7):1649-56 [1658537] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Apr 1;90(7):2970-4 [8464913] Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1993 Mar-Apr;6(2):225-37 [8097122] Infect Immun. 1994 May;62(5):2071-8 [8168972] J Bacteriol. 1994 Sep;176(17):5350-6 [8071211] Structure. 1994 Jan 15;2(1):45-57 [8075982] Trends Microbiol. 1996 Feb;4(2):64-8 [8820569] Infect Immun. 1996 Oct;64(10):4020-6 [8926063] J Biol Chem. 1996 Dec 6;271(49):31643-9 [8940184] J Bacteriol. 1997 May;179(10):3085-94 [9150199] J Mol Biol. 1997 Jun 20;269(4):473-8 [9217252] J Bacteriol. 1997 Dec;179(23):7577-80 [9393726] Mol Microbiol. 1997 Nov;26(3):505-18 [9402021] Trends Microbiol. 1998 Sep;6(9):370-8 [9778731] Infect Immun. 1999 Feb;67(2):754-9 [9916087] Infect Immun. 2000 Jul;68(7):4049-54 [10858221] Mol Microbiol. 2001 Apr;40(2):294-305 [11309113] Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5 [5432063] J Mol Biol. 1975 Aug 5;96(2):307-16 [1100846] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Apr;76(4):1648-52 [377280] J Infect Dis. 1981 Apr;143(4):562-9 [6263983] Anal Biochem. 1981 Apr;112(2):195-203 [6266278] Biochemistry. 1982 Oct 26;21(22):5516-22 [6293544] Science. 1986 Jun 6;232(4755):1258-64 [3704651] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neural systems and cue-induced cocaine craving. AN - 71452222; 11850152 AB - We have extended our previous work investigating the neural correlates of cue-induced cocaine craving through the use of positron emission tomography with greater spatial resolution (<4.6 mm), an evocative script, and a pixel-by-pixel analysis. Craving and cerebral glucose metabolism were measured after presentation of cocaine-related or neutral cues to 11 cocaine abusers. Cocaine cues elicited a higher degree of craving than has been previously reported and resulted in left hemispheric activation of lateral amygdala, lateral orbitofrontal cortex, and rhinal cortex and right hemispheric activation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and cerebellum. The intensity of activation in these areas (except cerebellum), as well as left insula, was also correlated with craving. Deactivation occurred in left ventral pole and left medial prefrontal cortex. The results suggest that induction of drug craving involves a neural network that assigns incentive motivational value to environmental stimuli through the coactivation of brain regions that process information about memories and emotions. JF - Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology AU - Bonson, Katherine R AU - Grant, Steven J AU - Contoreggi, Carlo S AU - Links, Jonathan M AU - Metcalfe, Janet AU - Weyl, H Lloyd AU - Kurian, Varughese AU - Ernst, Monique AU - London, Edythe D AD - Brain Imaging Center, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. bonsonk@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 376 EP - 386 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0893-133X, 0893-133X KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Adult KW - Brain -- physiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Tomography, Emission-Computed -- methods KW - Nerve Net -- diagnostic imaging KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- psychology KW - Cues KW - Behavior, Addictive -- psychology KW - Behavior, Addictive -- diagnostic imaging KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- diagnostic imaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71452222?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuropsychopharmacology+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+College+of+Neuropsychopharmacology&rft.atitle=Neural+systems+and+cue-induced+cocaine+craving.&rft.au=Bonson%2C+Katherine+R%3BGrant%2C+Steven+J%3BContoreggi%2C+Carlo+S%3BLinks%2C+Jonathan+M%3BMetcalfe%2C+Janet%3BWeyl%2C+H+Lloyd%3BKurian%2C+Varughese%3BErnst%2C+Monique%3BLondon%2C+Edythe+D&rft.aulast=Bonson&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=376&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuropsychopharmacology+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+College+of+Neuropsychopharmacology&rft.issn=0893133X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-02 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pilot trial of tumor-specific peptide vaccination and continuous infusion interleukin-2 in patients with recurrent Ewing sarcoma and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: an inter-institute NIH study. AN - 71445023; 11836714 AB - Patients with recurrent Ewing sarcoma and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma have poor prognoses and limited therapeutic options. We have investigated the use of peptide pulsed vaccination in an attempt to immunologically target the breakpoint region of tumor specific fusion proteins expressed in these tumors. Sixteen patients with recurrent, translocation positive, Ewing sarcoma, and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma underwent apheresis for collection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Following countercurrent centrifugal elutriation, an apheresis product comprised predominantly of monocytes but containing small numbers of circulating immature dendritic cells was pulsed with peptides derived from the breakpoint region of the fusion proteins. Vaccines were administered intravenously concomitant with continuous intravenous rhIL-2 at 9 x 10(6) IU/m(2)/day. Toxicity was limited to IL-2 related effects and was generally mild. Following vaccination, all patients showed progressive disease, most in a rapid fashion following the first vaccine. One patient showed evidence of an immunologic response and another showed a mixed clinical response. Patients enrolled on this tumor vaccine trial showed significant immunosuppression and large bulky tumors. Peptide vaccination as administered in this trial did not alter the dismal clinical outcome for patients with recurrent pediatric sarcomas. Future trials of tumor vaccines in this population should target patient populations with improved immune competence and smaller tumor burdens. Furthermore, optimization of the antigen presenting cell populations may be important for inducing immune responses to peptide antigens. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - Medical and pediatric oncology AU - Dagher, Ramzi AU - Long, Lauren M AU - Read, Elizabeth J AU - Leitman, Susan F AU - Carter, Charles S AU - Tsokos, Maria AU - Goletz, Theresa J AU - Avila, Nilo AU - Berzofsky, Jay A AU - Helman, Lee J AU - Mackall, Crystal L AD - Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. dagherr@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 158 EP - 164 VL - 38 IS - 3 SN - 0098-1532, 0098-1532 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Cancer Vaccines KW - Interleukin-2 KW - Oncogene Proteins, Fusion KW - Index Medicus KW - Combined Modality Therapy KW - Humans KW - Oncogene Proteins, Fusion -- genetics KW - Adult KW - Pilot Projects KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Translocation, Genetic KW - Recurrence KW - Male KW - Female KW - Sarcoma, Ewing -- immunology KW - Interleukin-2 -- adverse effects KW - Cancer Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar -- genetics KW - Interleukin-2 -- therapeutic use KW - Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar -- therapy KW - Cancer Vaccines -- therapeutic use KW - Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar -- immunology KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Sarcoma, Ewing -- therapy KW - Sarcoma, Ewing -- genetics KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71445023?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+and+pediatric+oncology&rft.atitle=Pilot+trial+of+tumor-specific+peptide+vaccination+and+continuous+infusion+interleukin-2+in+patients+with+recurrent+Ewing+sarcoma+and+alveolar+rhabdomyosarcoma%3A+an+inter-institute+NIH+study.&rft.au=Dagher%2C+Ramzi%3BLong%2C+Lauren+M%3BRead%2C+Elizabeth+J%3BLeitman%2C+Susan+F%3BCarter%2C+Charles+S%3BTsokos%2C+Maria%3BGoletz%2C+Theresa+J%3BAvila%2C+Nilo%3BBerzofsky%2C+Jay+A%3BHelman%2C+Lee+J%3BMackall%2C+Crystal+L&rft.aulast=Dagher&rft.aufirst=Ramzi&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medical+and+pediatric+oncology&rft.issn=00981532&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Teaching Our Youngest: A Guide for Preschool Teachers, Child Care & Family Providers. AN - 62296102; ED461437 AB - Noting that everyone who interacts with a young child is a teacher, this booklet for preschool teachers and child care providers draws from scientifically based research about what they can do to help children develop their language abilities, increase their knowledge, become familiar with books and other printed materials, learn letters and sounds, recognize numbers, and learn to count. The booklet provides examples of ways to create an environment in the preschool classroom that will nurture children's natural curiosity and their zest for learning. Following an introduction, the booklet's sections cover: (1) Creating the Learning Environment for Young Children; (2) Reading Aloud to Children; (3) Developing Listening and Speaking Skills; (4) Teaching about the Sounds of Spoken Language; (5) Teaching about Print; (6) Teaching about Books; (7) Teaching about Letters; (8) Building Children's Background Knowledge and Thinking Skills; (9) Teaching about Numbers and Counting; (10) Checking Children's Progress; (11) Communicating with Parents and Caregivers; and (12) Some Helpful Terms To Know. The booklet concludes with a list of suggested readings on early childhood education. (HTH) AU - Armbruster, Bonnie AU - Lehr, Fran AU - Osborn, Jean Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 40 PB - ED Pubs, P.O. Box 1398, Jessup, MD 20794-1398. Tel: 877-433-7827 (Toll Free); Fax: 301-470-1244; e-mail: edpubs@inet.ed.gov. For full text: http://www.ed.gov/offices/OESE/teachingouryoungest. KW - Print Awareness KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Teachers KW - Teacher Role KW - Preschool Teachers KW - Parent Teacher Cooperation KW - Classroom Environment KW - Numeracy KW - Child Caregivers KW - Early Childhood Education KW - Reading Aloud to Others KW - Parent Caregiver Relationship KW - Beginning Reading KW - Emergent Literacy KW - Student Evaluation KW - Early Experience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62296102?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Appended is "7 Super Things Parents & Caregivers C N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Influence of Parental Separation on Smoking Initiation in Adolescents AN - 60093565; 200212095 AB - Most adult smokers start smoking when they are adolescents, & the prevalence of smoking declines less than other unhealthy behaviors as people mature. Understanding why adolescents start smoking is therefore key to developing effective policy aimed at lowering the prevalence of smoking in both children & adults. In this study, I suggest that parental separation is one possible risk factor for smoking initiation. I use a nationally representative sample of American adolescents interviewed at two points in time to examine the influence of parental separation on smoking initiation. Two questions are addressed. First, is there a relationship between parental separation & the likelihood that an adolescent will initiate smoking? Second, if there is a relationship, through what factors does parental separation operate to influence the initiation of smoking in adolescents? My findings suggest that parental separation increases the likelihood that adolescents will start smoking. It does so in part by raising depressive symptoms & rebelliousness in adolescents. Despite the significance of these indirect effects, however, the bulk of the effect of parental separation on smoking initiation is direct. 4 Tables, 1 Figure, 61 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Journal of Health and Social Behavior AU - Kirby, James B AD - Agency Healthcare Research & Quality, Rockville, MD jkirby@ahrq.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 56 EP - 71 VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0022-1465, 0022-1465 KW - Smoking KW - United States of America KW - Marital Disruption KW - Adolescent Development KW - Adolescents KW - article KW - 2079: sociology of health and medicine; substance use/abuse & compulsive behaviors (drug abuse, addiction, alcoholism, gambling, eating disorders, etc.) KW - 1941: the family and socialization; sociology of the family, marriage, & divorce UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60093565?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Health+and+Social+Behavior&rft.atitle=The+Influence+of+Parental+Separation+on+Smoking+Initiation+in+Adolescents&rft.au=Kirby%2C+James+B&rft.aulast=Kirby&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=56&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Health+and+Social+Behavior&rft.issn=00221465&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-10-30 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - JHSBA5 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marital Disruption; Adolescents; Smoking; United States of America; Adolescent Development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rare earth element sources and modification in a late-Middle Pennsylvanian-age coal bed and associated units, western Pennsylvania AN - 51854085; 2004-035854 AB - An investigation of rare earth element (REE) distribution in coal has been carried out in order to address potential occupational health risks experienced by mining and mineral industry workers exposed to REE through a wide variety of exposure modes. The goal of this study is to understand and predict the source of REE in coal units deposited over a relatively extensive area and overlain by a range of depositional conditions. The study was conducted on the late-middle Pennsylvanian Lower Kittanning Coal bed and the adjacent rock units of western Pennsylvania. Channel samples of the coal, the underlying clay (paleosol) unit, and the overlying shale were retrieved over a 170 km east-west range of sampling sites. The depositional environment of the overburden shale in the selected sites is interpreted to range from freshwater to marine. Whole-coal REE concentrations are enriched relative to chondrites by a factor of 9 to 100 for the light rare earth elements (LREE: La-Nd), and 2 to 38 for the middle-heavy REE (Sm-Lu). No exposure criteria have been established for many REE but the threshold limit value (TLV) for Y is 1 mg/m (super 3) . A general correlation between ash content and total REE content suggests that the bulk of the REE are contained in coal mineral matter. The coal overlain by shale deposited in a freshwater environment has lower ash and REE contents than those overlain by marine or brackish water sediments. In general, the REE patterns in the coal samples are similar to average shale, as exemplified by the North American Shale Composite (NASC). In detail, however, most of the coal REE patterns show a slight LREE depletion relative to the immediate shale overburden. A possible explanation is post-depositional redistribution of REE in the coal, provided coal mineral matter is derived from the same source as the overburden. Preliminary neodymium isotope data indicate that the shale and coal mineral matter are derived from similar sources. Slight differences between the coal and overburden REE patterns might also result from mineral fractionation processes during transport or deposition, particularly as the coal mineral matter could have a substantial atmospheric dryfall component. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Schatzel, Steven J AU - Stewart, Brian W AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 119 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - North America KW - mines KW - Pennsylvanian KW - medical geology KW - Paleozoic KW - coal mines KW - Carboniferous KW - Appalachians KW - Appalachian Plateau KW - Middle Pennsylvanian KW - Kittanning Formation KW - sedimentary rocks KW - mining geology KW - metals KW - coal KW - rare earths KW - Pennsylvania KW - chemical composition KW - western Pennsylvania KW - public health KW - 06B:Petrology of coal KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51854085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2009-06-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GRAND+HARBOUR+HOMESTORE&rft.title=GRAND+HARBOUR+HOMESTORE&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section, 51st annual meeting; Geological Society of America, North-Central Section, 36th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Appalachian Plateau; Appalachians; Carboniferous; chemical composition; coal; coal mines; Kittanning Formation; medical geology; metals; Middle Pennsylvanian; mines; mining geology; North America; Paleozoic; Pennsylvania; Pennsylvanian; public health; rare earths; sedimentary rocks; United States; western Pennsylvania ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The hottest thing in remediation AN - 51633743; 2006-013779 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Black, Harvey Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - A146 EP - A149 PB - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Research Triangle Park, NC VL - 110 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - soils KW - hazardous waste KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - toxic materials KW - technology KW - in situ KW - pollutants KW - creosote KW - thermal properties KW - waste disposal sites KW - soil treatment KW - pollution KW - water vapor KW - tetrachloroethylene KW - porosity KW - remediation KW - volatiles KW - organic compounds KW - solvents KW - decontamination KW - heating KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - trichloroethylene KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51633743?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+hottest+thing+in+remediation&rft.au=Black%2C+Harvey&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Harvey&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=A146&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jstor.org/journals/00916765.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - PubXState - NC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chlorinated hydrocarbons; creosote; decontamination; halogenated hydrocarbons; hazardous waste; heating; in situ; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; porosity; remediation; soil treatment; soils; solvents; technology; tetrachloroethylene; thermal properties; toxic materials; trichloroethylene; volatiles; waste disposal sites; water vapor ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro antibiotic release from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate) rods AN - 19631478; 7367307 AB - Provision and maintenance of adequate concentrations of antibiotics at infection sites is very important in treating highly resistant infections. For diseases like implant related osteomyelitis (IRO) it is best to provide this locally via implanted drug formulations, as systemic administration of the antibiotic may not be effective due to damaged vasculature. In this study, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) rods containing 7, 14 and 22% (mol) 3-hydroxyvalerate were loaded with sulbactam:cefoperazone or gentamicin sub( registered ), and their antibiotic release behaviours were studied under in vitro conditions in physiological phosphate buffer at room temperature. The release patterns were representative of release from monolithic devices where a rapid early release phase is followed by a slower and prolonged release. With PHBV 22 rods, the latter phase continued for similar to 2 months. This duration is critical because a proper antibiotic therapy of IRO requires the minimal effective concentration for at least 6 weeks. After in vitro release, voids with sharp edges were detected on the rods, indicating that the drug crystals dissolved but the polymer did not undergo erosion within this test period. Changing the polymer:drug ratio from 2:1 to 20:1 substantially decreased the drug release rate. A change of polymer type, however, did not lead to any detectable changes in the release patterns. Gentamicin sub( registered ) release also followed a similar pattern, except that the concentration of the drug in the release medium exhibited a decrease after long release periods, indicating degradation (or decomposition) of the antibiotic in the release medium. JF - Journal of Microencapsulation AU - Gursel, I AU - Yagmurlu, F AU - Korkusuz, F AU - Hasirci, V AD - Centre for Biological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Laboratory of Retroviral Immunology, NIH Campus, Bethesda MD, 20892, USA Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 153 EP - 164 PB - Taylor & Francis Ltd., 1 Gunpowder Sq. London EC4A UK, [mailto:info@tandf.co.uk], [URL:http://www.tandf.co.uk] VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0265-2048, 0265-2048 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY KW - POLYHYDROXYBUTYRATE KW - OSTEOMYELITIS KW - SULPERAZONE KW - GENTAMICIN KW - ENCAPSULATION KW - Temperature effects KW - Drug delivery KW - Phosphate KW - microencapsulation KW - Antibiotics KW - Crystals KW - Infection KW - Decomposition KW - Rods KW - Osteomyelitis KW - W 30915:Pharmaceuticals & Vaccines UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19631478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Microencapsulation&rft.atitle=In+vitro+antibiotic+release+from+poly%283-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-+hydroxyvalerate%29+rods&rft.au=Gursel%2C+I%3BYagmurlu%2C+F%3BKorkusuz%2C+F%3BHasirci%2C+V&rft.aulast=Gursel&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Microencapsulation&rft.issn=02652048&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-07-01 N1 - SuppNotes - 21 references N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Drug delivery; Phosphate; microencapsulation; Antibiotics; Crystals; Infection; Decomposition; Rods; Osteomyelitis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni Evolves Rapidly in Chickens Treated with Fluoroquinolones AN - 18412916; 5390700 AB - Fluoroquinolones are commonly used to treat gastroenteritis caused by Campylobacter species. Domestically acquired fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter infection has been documented recently in the United States. It has been proposed that the increase in resistance is due, in part, to the use of fluoroquinolones in poultry. In separate experiments, the effects of sarafloxacin and enrofloxacin treatment of Campylobacter jejuni-infected chickens on the development of ciprofloxacin resistance were measured. Fecal samples were collected before and after treatment and were cultured for C. jejuni. When enrofloxacin or sarafloxacin was used at US Food and Drug Administration - approved doses in broiler chickens, resistance developed rapidly and persisted in C. jejuni. MICs of ciprofloxacin increased from a base of 0.25 mu g/mL to 32 mu g/mL within the 5-day treatment time frame. These results show that the use of these drugs in chickens rapidly selects for resistant Campylobacter organisms and may result in less effective fluoroquinolone therapy for cases of human campylobacteriosis acquired from exposure to contaminated chicken. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - McDermott, P F AU - Bodeis, S M AU - English, L L AU - White, D G AU - Walker, R D AU - Zhao, Shaohua AU - Simjee, S AU - Wagner, D D AD - Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Center for Veterinary Medicine, US Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, USA Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 837 EP - 840 VL - 185 IS - 6 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - chickens KW - ciprofloxacin KW - enrofloxacin KW - sarafloxacin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18412916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Ciprofloxacin+Resistance+in+Campylobacter+jejuni+Evolves+Rapidly+in+Chickens+Treated+with+Fluoroquinolones&rft.au=McDermott%2C+P+F%3BBodeis%2C+S+M%3BEnglish%2C+L+L%3BWhite%2C+D+G%3BWalker%2C+R+D%3BZhao%2C+Shaohua%3BSimjee%2C+S%3BWagner%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=McDermott&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=185&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=837&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Pentoxifylline on Inflammatory Cytokine Expression and Acute Pleuropneumonia in Swine AN - 18400481; 5386964 AB - Pentoxifylline, a methylxanthine derivative and nonspecific type 4 phosphodiesterase inhibitor, has been used to improve survival of animals with sepsis and to attenuate lung injury in actue lung inflammation. The purpose of this study was to examine whether pentoxifylline would inhibit the expression of inflammatory cytokines, particularly tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), and thereby decrease the pathophysiology of acute porcine pleuropneumonia. E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bacterial extracts of A. pleuropneumoniae - induced elevations in TNF mRNA which were fully abrogated by addition of pentoxifylline in both alveolar macrophage and neutrophil cultures. A 30% reduction in the level of LPS-induced interleukin (IL)-1 beta mRNA levels also was achieved in macrophages. Pentoxifylline did not affect either IL- l alpha or IL-8 expression in vitro. Pentoxifylline therapy in vivo significantly reduced the number of band neutrophils in swine but did not reduce the pathology associated with pleuropneumonia, including changes in serum zinc, iron, or haptoglobin. Neither did it alter TNF, IL-1, IL-6, or IL-8 expression. Measurement of pentoxifylline and its metabolites in pig sera suggested that efficacious doses of pentoxifylline were probably not achieved in vivo. However, subcutaneous doses of pentoxifylline higher than 25 mg/kg produced transient diarrhea, vomiting, and tremors. These results suggest that pentoxifylline is an effective pharmacological tool for the dissection of cytokine regulation in vitro, but inhibitory concentrations may not be achievable for in vivo pharmacological use in swine. JF - Immunobiology AU - Myers, MJ AU - Baarsch, MJ AU - Murtaugh, M P AD - Division of Animal Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, US FDA, Laurel, MD, USA, mmyers@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 17 EP - 34 VL - 205 IS - 1 SN - 0171-2985, 0171-2985 KW - pentoxifylline KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - J 02862:Infection KW - F 06801:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18400481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fair+Disclosure+Wire&rft.atitle=Q4+2005+Homestore%2C+Inc.+Earnings+Conference+Call+-+Final&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2006-03-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fair+Disclosure+Wire&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Determining dioxin-like compounds in selected Korean food AN - 18387631; 5375505 AB - To measure the levels of dioxin-like compounds, pork, mackerel, cheese and milk were analyzed. The food samples were obtained at three different markets in Seoul. All the samples were animal origin and their lipid contents ranged from 4% to 34%. After extraction, extracts were cleaned up by sulfuric acid impregnated silica gel, purified on a series of silica gel, alumina, carbon column chromatography and then analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry. The levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans for pork, mackerel, cheese and milk were 0.0008, 0.8663, 0.002 and 0.0236 pgTEQ/g wet weight, respectively. In addition, the levels of non-ortho coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls for pork, mackerel, cheese and milk were 0.0041, 1.5781, 0.0259 and 0.0353 pgTEQ/g wet weight, respectively. Among food samples analyzed, pork showed the lowest level of dioxin-like compounds. JF - Chemosphere AU - Choi, Dongmi AU - Hu, Soojung AU - Jeong, Jiyoon AU - Won, Kyungpoong AU - Song, Insang Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 1423 EP - 1427 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 46 IS - 9-10 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18387631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Determining+dioxin-like+compounds+in+selected+Korean+food&rft.au=Choi%2C+Dongmi%3BHu%2C+Soojung%3BJeong%2C+Jiyoon%3BWon%2C+Kyungpoong%3BSong%2C+Insang&rft.aulast=Choi&rft.aufirst=Dongmi&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=9-10&rft.spage=1423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from human patients and shellfish during US Pacific north-west outbreaks AN - 18368241; 5330355 AB - Aims: The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence and distribution of haemolysin genes, plasmid profile, serogroup analysis and cellular urease activity for Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from infected human patients and oysters from the Pacific north-western United States between 1988 and 1997. Methods and Results: All of the clinical and environmental isolates tested in this study exhibited the presence of the thermolabile haemolysin gene, tl , confirming that all of the isolates were V. parahaemolyticus . Furthermore, the V. parahaemolyticus isolates that contained either the thermostable direct haemolysin gene, tdh, or the thermostable direct haemolysin-related gene, trh , or both, were also positive for urease. Isolates from infected human patients belong to serogroups O1 and O4, whereas, the isolates from oysters belong to serogroups O1, O4 and O5. These results suggest that the presence of a V. parahaemolyticus serogroup O1 and O4 could indicate the presence of a virulent strain of this pathogen. In this study, the presence of the haemolysin genes, serogroup profiles and urease production in V. parahaemolyticus isolated from human patients correlated with the oysters collected during the outbreaks. However, no significant correlation of the plasmid profiles was detected, based on their distribution and molecular weights, between V. parahaemolyticus isolated from infected human patients and from oysters collected during this outbreak. Conclusions, Significance and Impact of the Study: It is apparent from this study that the identification of the haemolysin genes by multiplex PCR amplification, in conjunction with serogroup analysis and urease production, can be used to monitor shellfish for the presence of potentially pathogenic strains of V. parahaemolyticus. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Kaufman, G AU - Myers, M AU - Pass, C AU - Bej, A AU - Kaysner, C AD - Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA, US Food and Drug Administration, Seafood Products Research Center, Bothell, WA, USA, abej@uab.edu Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 155 EP - 161 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - man KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Human diseases KW - USA, Pacific Northwest KW - Urease KW - Serotyping KW - Food poisoning KW - Microbial contamination KW - INE, USA, Pacific Northwest KW - Virulence KW - Vibrio parahaemolyticus KW - Quality control KW - Shellfish KW - Hemolysins KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18368241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Molecular+analysis+of+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus+isolated+from+human+patients+and+shellfish+during+US+Pacific+north-west+outbreaks&rft.au=Kaufman%2C+G%3BMyers%2C+M%3BPass%2C+C%3BBej%2C+A%3BKaysner%2C+C&rft.aulast=Kaufman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1472-765x.2002.01076.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human diseases; Quality control; Food poisoning; Shellfish; Microbial contamination; Virulence; Serotyping; Urease; Hemolysins; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; USA, Pacific Northwest; INE, USA, Pacific Northwest DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765x.2002.01076.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Degradation of biphenyl by Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1 AN - 18364786; 5332552 AB - The metabolism of biphenyl by Mycobacterium sp. PYR-1 was investigated. The Mycobacterium sp. degraded >98% of the biphenyl added within 72 h. Analysis of ethyl acetate extracts of the culture medium by HPLC indicated that benzoic acid was the major metabolite. Other products were 4-hydroxybiphenyl, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and 5-oxo-5-phenylpentanoic acid. The metabolites were characterized by mass and super(1)H NMR spectrometry. Identification of benzoic acid and 5-oxo-5-phenylpentanoic acid indicates that biphenyl degradation by Mycobacterium sp. PYR-1 is generally similar to known pathways. A novel alternative metabolic pathway consisted of monooxygenation at C-4 of biphenyl to give 4-hydroxybiphenyl, with subsequent degradation via ring cleavage to 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Moody, J D AU - Doerge AU - Freeman, J P AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 364 EP - 369 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00253/bibs/2058 003/20580364.htm] VL - 58 IS - 3 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - 4-hydroxybenzoic acid KW - 4-hydroxybiphenyl KW - 5-oxo-5-phenylpentanoic acid KW - benzoic acid KW - biphenyl KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Benzoic acid KW - Biodegradation KW - Mycobacterium KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - p-Hydroxybenzoic acid KW - N.M.R. KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18364786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Degradation+of+biphenyl+by+Mycobacterium+sp.+strain+PYR-1&rft.au=Moody%2C+J+D%3BDoerge%3BFreeman%2C+J+P%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Moody&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=364&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00253-001-0878-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium; Biodegradation; High-performance liquid chromatography; N.M.R.; Mass spectroscopy; p-Hydroxybenzoic acid; Benzoic acid DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-001-0878-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fire and flame related events with multiple occupational injury fatalities in the United States, 1980-1995 AN - 18331279; 5397003 AB - The National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities surveillance system recorded 1587 fire and flame related occupational fatalities among the civilian workforce in the United States between 1980 and 1995. Of these fatalities, 433 resulted from 127 incidents that involved two or more victims. For purposes of this study, these victims were categorized into one of three cause-of-death classifications: burns, inhalation or other traumatic injury. The classification 'Burns' accounted for 232 or just over one-half of the fatalities and an additional 172 cases were coded as inhalation. Other traumatic injury was named as the cause of death for another 23 fatalities or five percent of the multiple victims. The cause of death for the remaining six fatalities could not be determined from the death certificates. This study revealed the similarities and disparities of the demographic and employment characteristics associated with these three cause-of-death classifications. JF - Injury Control and Safety Promotion AU - Biddle, E A AU - Hartley, D AD - Div. Safety Research, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA, egb6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 9 EP - 18 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 1566-0974, 1566-0974 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Mortality KW - USA KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18331279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+Control+and+Safety+Promotion&rft.atitle=Fire+and+flame+related+events+with+multiple+occupational+injury+fatalities+in+the+United+States%2C+1980-1995&rft.au=Biddle%2C+E+A%3BHartley%2C+D&rft.aulast=Biddle&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+Control+and+Safety+Promotion&rft.issn=15660974&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Injuries; Mortality; Occupational safety; Fires ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Peptide Nucleic Acid Probe Detection of Mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genes Associated with Drug Resistance AN - 18327273; 5376676 AB - The emergence of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a serious public health problem. Many of the specific gene mutations that cause drug resistance in M. tuberculosis are point mutations. We are developing a PCR-peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-based ELISA as a diagnostic method to recognize point mutations in genes associated with isoniazid and rifampin resistance in M. tuberculosis. Specific point mutation-containing sequences and wild-type sequences of cloned mycobacterial genes were PCR-amplified, denatured, and hybridized with PNA probes bound to microplate wells. Using 15-base PNA probes, we established the hybridization temperatures (50 degree C-55 degree C) and other experimental conditions suitable for detecting clinically relevant point mutations in the katG and rpoB genes. Hybridization of PCR-amplified sequences that contained these point mutations with complementary mutation-specific PNAs resulted in significant increases in ELISA response compared with hybridization using wild-type-specific PNAs. Conversely, PCR-amplified wild-type sequences hybridized much more efficiently with wild-type PNAs than with the mutation-specific PNAs. Using the M. tuberculosis cloned genes and PCR-PNA-ELISA format developed here, M. tuberculosis sequences containing point mutations associated with drug resistance can be identified in less than 24 h. JF - Biotechniques AU - Bockstahler, LE AU - Li, Z AU - Nguyen, N Y AU - Van Houten, KA AU - Brennan, MJ AU - Langone, J J AU - Morris, S L AD - FDA (HFZ-113), 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA, leb@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 508 EP - 514 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0736-6205, 0736-6205 KW - cloning KW - katG gene KW - rpoB gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Drug resistance KW - DNA probes KW - Point mutation KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Tuberculosis KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18327273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechniques&rft.atitle=Peptide+Nucleic+Acid+Probe+Detection+of+Mutations+in+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+Genes+Associated+with+Drug+Resistance&rft.au=Bockstahler%2C+LE%3BLi%2C+Z%3BNguyen%2C+N+Y%3BVan+Houten%2C+KA%3BBrennan%2C+MJ%3BLangone%2C+J+J%3BMorris%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Bockstahler&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=508&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechniques&rft.issn=07366205&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; DNA probes; Point mutation; Tuberculosis; Drug resistance; Polymerase chain reaction; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hearing Protector Use in Noise-Exposed Workers: A Retrospective Look at 1983 AN - 18311326; 5369065 AB - Although hearing protectors have been available for more than 60 years, little field surveillance has been done to assess their appropriate wear in noisy occupational environments. This study examined historical field survey data to determine whether workers use hearing protection when exposed to loud noise. Data from the 1981-83 NIOSH National Occupational Exposure Survey were analyzed to determine whether workers in noise greater than or equal to 85 dBA were using hearing protection. The study also looked at the effect of company personal protective equipment (PPE) policies on hearing protector compliance. This study found that, in 1981-83, an estimated 4.1 million industrial workers were exposed to noise greater than or equal to 85 dBA. Of these, 41% were wearing some form of hearing protection. This percentage varied from 79% of workers exposed in SIC 76 (Miscellaneous Repair Service) to less than 1% in Communications (SIC 48), Wholesale Trade Nondurable Goods (SIC 51), and Automotive Dealers & Service Stations (SIC 55). Whether an establishment had a written policy on wearing PPE seemed to make no difference, because there appeared to be no tie between the percentage of workers wearing of hearing protection and presence of a PPE policy. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Davis, R R AU - Sieber, W K AD - Hearing Loss Prevention Section, Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch, Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, MS C-27, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, rrd1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 199 EP - 204 VL - 63 IS - 2 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Compliance KW - Occupational exposure KW - Noise levels KW - Protective equipment KW - Behavior KW - Human factors KW - P 7000:NOISE KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18311326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Hearing+Protector+Use+in+Noise-Exposed+Workers%3A+A+Retrospective+Look+at+1983&rft.au=Davis%2C+R+R%3BSieber%2C+W+K&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational exposure; Noise levels; Protective equipment; Human factors; Behavior; Compliance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of Unique Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds Produced by Five Aspergillus Species Commonly Found in Problem Buildings AN - 18307837; 5369056 AB - This study identified unique microbial volatile organic compounds (UMVOCs) produced by five Aspergillus species (A. fumigatus, A. versicolor, A. sydowi, A. flavus, and A. niger) cultivated on malt extract agar and gypsum board. The hypothesis was that UMVOCs can be used to predict the presence of Aspergillus species. During the cultivation humidified air was continually supplied and evenly distributed through each of the culture flasks. Volatile metabolites were collected using Tenax TA tubes on Days 8, 16, and 30 after inoculation. The volatile metabolites were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy after thermal desorption. Nine compounds recognized as UMVOCs--3-methyl-1-butanol; 2-methyl-1-propanol; terpineol; 2-heptanone; 1-octen-3-ol; dimethyl disulfide; 2-hexanone; 3-octanone; and 2-pentylfuran--were found on the cultures in detectable amounts. The first two compounds were detected at the highest frequency when combining both media. The first four compounds were found to be the dominant UMVOCs on gypsum board, which could be used as chemical markers of the common Aspergillus species grown indoors. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Gao, P AU - Korley, F AU - Martin, J AU - Chen, B T AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, Pgao@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 135 EP - 140 VL - 63 IS - 2 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - airborne microorganisms KW - Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Aspergillus versicolor KW - Airborne microorganisms KW - Air quality KW - Gas chromatography KW - Aspergillus sydowi KW - Pollution detection KW - Buildings KW - Air pollution KW - Volatiles KW - Aspergillus fumigatus KW - Indoor environments KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Aspergillus niger KW - K 03099:Pollution KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18307837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Determination+of+Unique+Microbial+Volatile+Organic+Compounds+Produced+by+Five+Aspergillus+Species+Commonly+Found+in+Problem+Buildings&rft.au=Gao%2C+P%3BKorley%2C+F%3BMartin%2C+J%3BChen%2C+B+T&rft.aulast=Gao&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus niger; Aspergillus sydowi; Aspergillus versicolor; Aspergillus fumigatus; Aspergillus flavus; Buildings; Indoor environments; Air quality; Volatile organic compounds; Pollution detection; Gas chromatography; Volatiles; Airborne microorganisms; Air pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A role for p53 in the frequency and mechanism of mutation AN - 18291066; 5340462 AB - The tumor suppressor protein, p53, is often referred to as the guardian of the genome. When p53 function is impaired, its ability to preserve genomic integrity is compromised. This may result in an increase in mutation on both a molecular and chromosomal level and contribute to the progression to a malignant phenotype. In order to study the effect of p53 function on the acquisition of mutation, in vitro and in vivo models have been developed in which both the frequency and mechanism of mutation can be analyzed. In human lymphoblastoid cells in which p53 function was impaired, both the spontaneous and induced mutant frequency increased at the autosomal thymidine kinase (TK) locus. The mutant frequency increased to a greater extent in cell lines in which p53 harbored a point mutation than in those lines in which a "null" mutation had been introduced by molecular targeting or by viral degradation indicating a possible "gain-of-function" associated with the mutant protein. Further, molecular analysis revealed that the loss of p53 function was associated with a greater tendency towards loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH) within the TK gene that was due to non-homologous recombination than that found in wild-type cells. Most data obtained from the in vivo models uses the LacI reporter gene that does not efficiently detect mutation that results in LOH. However, studies that have examined the effect of p53 status on mutation in the adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) gene in transgenic mice also suggest that loss of p53 function results in an increase in mutation resulting from non-homologous recombination. The results of these studies provide clear and convincing evidence that p53 plays a role in modulating the mutant frequency and the mechanism of mutation. In addition, the types of mutation that occur within the p53 gene are also of importance in determining the mutant frequency and the pathways leading to mutation. JF - Mutation Research-Reviews in Mutation Research AU - Morris, S M AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, 72079 Jefferson, AR USA Y1 - 2002/03/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 01 SP - 45 EP - 62 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 511 IS - 1 SN - 1383-5742, 1383-5742 KW - tumor suppressor genes KW - lymphoblastoid cells KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Loss of heterozygosity KW - p53 protein KW - Mutagenesis KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - G 07470:Cytogenetics & general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18291066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Reviews+in+Mutation+Research&rft.atitle=A+role+for+p53+in+the+frequency+and+mechanism+of+mutation&rft.au=Morris%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=511&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Reviews+in+Mutation+Research&rft.issn=13835742&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mutagenesis; p53 protein; Loss of heterozygosity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a Quantitative Product-enhanced Reverse Transcriptase Assay to Monitor Retrovirus in mAb Cell-culture AN - 18264702; 5321097 AB - Murine hybridoma cells used in the production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) produce endogenous type C retrovirus particles. Regulatory agencies require a demonstration that mAbs intended for human use are free of retrovirus with an adequate margin of safety. This is usually achieved by evaluation studies, performed at small scale, to demonstrate that the manufacturing process is capable of removing or inactivating several different model viruses, including a murine retrovirus. In a previous report, we demonstrated the utility of TaqMan fluorogenic 5'-nuclease product-enhanced reverse transcriptase (TM-PERT) assays for measuring reverse transcriptase (RT) activity in laboratory-scale cell-culture samples and RT removal by laboratory-scale models of processing steps. In this report, we evaluate the specificity, accuracy, range, precision and robustness of TM-PERT for this purpose. We find that this assay detects RT activity contained in xenotropic murine leukemia virus (X-MuLV) and CHO cell type C particles and quantifies particle numbers comparably to other assays (e.g. transmission electron microscopy, viral sequence specific TaqMan). Cell derived DNA polymerases appear to contribute only modestly to the assay background and RT activity in clarified cell culture harvests is contained largely in Type C particles. TM-PERT is linear and precise between 10 super(7)and 10 super(13) pU/ml, establishing the assay range. The assay is robust in that test article storage condition and DNA/protein content had little impact on assay performance. Thus, TM-PERT appears to be an acceptable assay to measure type C particles in rodent cell culture samples. JF - Biologicals AU - Brorson, K AU - Xu, Y AU - Swann, P G AU - Hamilton, E AU - Mustafa, M AU - De Wit, C AU - Norling, LA AU - Stein, KE AD - Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA, brorson@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 15 EP - 26 PB - Academic Press VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 1045-1056, 1045-1056 KW - rodents KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - CHO cells KW - Monoclonal antibodies KW - Assays KW - Cell culture KW - Murine leukemia virus KW - Retrovirus KW - RNA-directed DNA polymerase KW - V 22023:Virus behavior in cell culture KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18264702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biologicals&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+Quantitative+Product-enhanced+Reverse+Transcriptase+Assay+to+Monitor+Retrovirus+in+mAb+Cell-culture&rft.au=Brorson%2C+K%3BXu%2C+Y%3BSwann%2C+P+G%3BHamilton%2C+E%3BMustafa%2C+M%3BDe+Wit%2C+C%3BNorling%2C+LA%3BStein%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Brorson&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biologicals&rft.issn=10451056&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fbiol.2001.0290 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Murine leukemia virus; CHO cells; Monoclonal antibodies; Cell culture; Assays; Retrovirus; RNA-directed DNA polymerase DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/biol.2001.0290 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oncogenic potential of mouse translation elongation factor-1 delta, a novel cadmium-responsive proto-oncogene. AN - 71456754; 11711542 AB - The molecular mechanisms potentially responsible for cadmium-induced cell transformation and tumorigenesis were investigated using Balb/c-3T3 cells transformed with cadmium chloride. Differential display analysis of gene expression revealed consistent and reproducible overexpression of a transcript in the transformed cells compared with the nontransformed cells. The full-length cDNA corresponding to the differentially expressed transcript was cloned and was identified as mouse translation elongation factor-1 delta subunit (TEF-1 delta; GenBank accession number ). Nucleotide sequence analysis of TEF-1 delta cDNA revealed an open reading frame encoding the predicted protein of 281 amino acids and exhibited significant conservation with the corresponding protein of human, Xenopus laevis, and Artemia. The presence of a leucine zipper motif, characteristic of translation elongation factor-1 delta, was also found in the mouse TEF-1 delta. A 31-kDa protein was detected in eukaryotic cells transfected with an expression vector containing the TEF-1 delta cDNA. Overexpression of the TEF-1 delta protein by transfection was oncogenic in NIH3T3 cells as evidenced by the appearance of transformed foci exhibiting anchorage-independent growth and the potential to grow as tumors in nude mice. Blocking the translation of TEF-1 delta with antisense TEF-1 delta mRNA resulted in a significant reversal of the oncogenic potential of cadmium-transformed Balb/c-3T3 cells as evidenced from suppression in anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenesis in nude mice. Our findings demonstrate, for the first time, that the cell transformation and tumorigenesis induced by cadmium are due, at least in part, to the overexpression of TEF-1 delta, a novel cadmium-responsive proto-oncogene. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Joseph, Pius AU - Lei, Yi-Xiong AU - Whong, Wen-Zong AU - Ong, Tong-Man AD - Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. pcj5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/02/22/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Feb 22 SP - 6131 EP - 6136 VL - 277 IS - 8 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - 0 KW - Peptide Elongation Factor 1 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Index Medicus KW - 3T3 Cells KW - Animals KW - DNA, Complementary -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- genetics KW - Open Reading Frames KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Mice KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Transfection KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Xenopus KW - CHO Cells KW - Cell Line, Transformed KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Cricetinae KW - Cadmium -- toxicity KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Proto-Oncogenes -- drug effects KW - Peptide Elongation Factor 1 -- genetics KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71456754?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Oncogenic+potential+of+mouse+translation+elongation+factor-1+delta%2C+a+novel+cadmium-responsive+proto-oncogene.&rft.au=Joseph%2C+Pius%3BLei%2C+Yi-Xiong%3BWhong%2C+Wen-Zong%3BOng%2C+Tong-Man&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=Pius&rft.date=2002-02-22&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=6131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF304351; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arsenite-induced Cdc25C degradation is through the KEN-box and ubiquitin-proteasome pathway AN - 18259600; 5321869 AB - Arsenite is a known human carcinogen that induces tumorigenesis through either a genotoxic or an epigenetic mechanism. In this study, the effect of arsenite on cell cycle regulation and the mechanisms that contribute to this effect were investigated. Treatment of the cells with arsenite suppressed cell proliferation and reduced cell viability in a dose- or time-dependent manner. Analysis of cell cycle profile and cell cycle regulatory proteins indicated that arsenite arrested the cell cycle at G sub(2)/M phase, partially through induction of cell division cycle 25 (Cdc25) isoform C (Cdc25C) degradation via ubiquitin-proteasome pathways. Mutation of the putative KEN box within the region 151 to 157 super( )of human Cdc25C or treatment of the cells with a peptide competitor encompassing the KEN box partially inhibited arsenite-induced ubiquitination of Cdc25C. Thus, these results indicate that the regulated ubiquitination of Cdc25C may be involved in the arsenite-induced proteolytic down-regulation of Cdc25C activity in the G sub(2)/M phase of the cell cycle and suggest a link between cell cycle and the carcinogenic effects of arsenite. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA AU - Chen, F AU - Zhang, Z AU - Bower, J AU - Lu, Y AU - Leonard, S S AU - Ding, M AU - Castranova, V AU - Piwnica-Worms, H AU - Shi, X AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, lfd3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/02/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Feb 19 SP - 1990 EP - 1995 VL - 99 IS - 4 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - cell lines KW - Cdc25C protein KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Proteolysis KW - Cell cycle KW - Arsenite KW - Carcinogens KW - Cell proliferation KW - X 24165:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18259600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.atitle=Arsenite-induced+Cdc25C+degradation+is+through+the+KEN-box+and+ubiquitin-proteasome+pathway&rft.au=Chen%2C+F%3BZhang%2C+Z%3BBower%2C+J%3BLu%2C+Y%3BLeonard%2C+S+S%3BDing%2C+M%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BPiwnica-Worms%2C+H%3BShi%2C+X&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-02-19&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1990&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.032428899 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carcinogens; Arsenite; Proteolysis; Cell cycle; Cell proliferation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.032428899 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides as Vaccine Adjuvants in Primates AN - 18244649; 5303220 AB - Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG motifs act as immune adjuvants in mice, boosting the humoral and cellular response to coadministered Ags. CpG ODN that stimulate human PBMC are only weakly active in mice. Thus, alternative animal models are needed to monitor the activity and safety of "human" CpG ODN in vivo. This work demonstrates that rhesus macaques recognize and respond to the same CpG motifs that trigger human immune cells. Coadministering CpG ODN with heat-killed Leishmania vaccine provided significantly increased protection of macaques against cutaneous Leishmania infection. These findings indicate that rhesus macaques provide a useful model for studying the in vivo activity of human CpG motifs, and that ODN expressing these motifs act as strong immune adjuvants. JF - Journal of Immunology AU - Verthelyi, D AU - Kenney, R T AU - Seder, R A AU - Gam, A A AU - Friedag, B AU - Klinman, D M AD - Divisions of Viral Products and Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research/Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892 Y1 - 2002/02/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Feb 15 SP - 1659 EP - 1663 VL - 168 IS - 4 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - CpG motif KW - primates KW - oligodeoxynucleotides KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - Adjuvants KW - Vaccines KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W3 33345:DNA vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18244649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.atitle=CpG+Oligodeoxynucleotides+as+Vaccine+Adjuvants+in+Primates&rft.au=Verthelyi%2C+D%3BKenney%2C+R+T%3BSeder%2C+R+A%3BGam%2C+A+A%3BFriedag%2C+B%3BKlinman%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Verthelyi&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-02-15&rft.volume=168&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vaccines; Adjuvants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anthropometric differences among occupational groups AN - 18047832; 6001393 AB - The increasing demands for anthropometric information for the design of machinery and personal protective equipment to prevent occupational injuries has necessitated an understanding of the anthropometric differences to be found among occupations. This study identified differences in various body measurements between occupational groups in the USA, as determined in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Approximately 16,000 of its 32,900 subjects were associated with an occupational group. The analysis of the data showed that the body size, or body segment measurements, of some occupational groups differ significantly. For example, agricultural workers were shorter by an average of 2.5 cm in height, and had wider wrist breadths, than other workers. Female agricultural and manufacturing workers had larger waist circumferences than those in the 'other occupations' and 'all occupations' categories. Protective service workers (i.e. firefighters, police and guards) were taller and heavier (7 kg heavier for males and over 10 kg heavier for females) than those in all occupations combined. These differences and other deviations as well as some age-and-ethnicity-adjusted results were tabulated for users' reference. Researchers and designers who use anthropometric databases to evaluate human-machine interfaces and personal protective equipment (PPE) must use caution in selecting databases that are adequate for their occupational applications. JF - Ergonomics AU - Hsiao, H AU - Long, D AU - Snyder, K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 2002/02/10/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Feb 10 SP - 136 EP - 152 VL - 45 IS - 2 SN - 0014-0139, 0014-0139 KW - anthropometric information KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Age KW - Injuries KW - Protective equipment KW - Design KW - Prevention KW - Accidents KW - Machinery KW - Ergonomics KW - Ethnic groups KW - Occupational health KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18047832?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Anthropometric+differences+among+occupational+groups&rft.au=Hsiao%2C+H%3BLong%2C+D%3BSnyder%2C+K&rft.aulast=Hsiao&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-02-10&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ergonomics&rft.issn=00140139&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Age; Ethnic groups; Design; Protective equipment; Ergonomics; Occupational health; Machinery; Injuries; Accidents; Prevention ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of alachlor and its metabolites in rat plasma and urine by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. AN - 71490010; 11863300 AB - A method based on liquid chromatography (LC) in combination with mass spectrometry (MS) for the analysis of alachlor (ALA) and its metabolites, 2-chloro-N-[2,6-diethylphenyl]acetamide (CDEPA) and 2,6-diethylaniline (DEA), in rat plasma and urine has been developed. 13C-labeled ALA was used as the internal standard for quantitation. The analyte in plasma or urine was isolated using a Waters Oasis HLB extraction plate. The mass spectrometer was operated in the ESI MS-SIM mode with a programming procedure. The retention times for ALA, CDEPA and DEA were 1.84, 3.11 and 4.12 min, respectively. The limits of quantification (LOQ) for ALA, CDEPA and DEA were 2.3, 0.8 and 0.8 ng per injection, respectively. The linear fit of analyte to mass response had an R2 of 0.99. Reproducibility of the sample handling and LC-MS analysis had a RSD of < or = 10%. The average recoveries for these analytes in rat plasma were better than 90%. Similar results were obtained with rat urine. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences AU - Zang, Lun-Yi AU - Dehaven, Jean AU - Yocum, Aaron AU - Qiao, Guilin AD - Exposure Assessment Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. laz7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/02/05/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Feb 05 SP - 93 EP - 101 VL - 767 IS - 1 SN - 1570-0232, 1570-0232 KW - Acetamides KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - alachlor KW - 24S2S61PXL KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Reference Standards KW - Male KW - Female KW - Herbicides -- urine KW - Herbicides -- blood KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Herbicides -- pharmacokinetics KW - Acetamides -- urine KW - Acetamides -- blood KW - Acetamides -- pharmacokinetics KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71490010?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.atitle=Determination+of+alachlor+and+its+metabolites+in+rat+plasma+and+urine+by+liquid+chromatography-electrospray+ionization+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Zang%2C+Lun-Yi%3BDehaven%2C+Jean%3BYocum%2C+Aaron%3BQiao%2C+Guilin&rft.aulast=Zang&rft.aufirst=Lun-Yi&rft.date=2002-02-05&rft.volume=767&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.issn=15700232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-31 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxidative DNA damage is associated with intense noise exposure in the rat. AN - 85375495; pmid-11950522 AB - Increasing evidence suggests that noise-induced hearing loss may be reduced or prevented with antioxidant therapy. Biochemical markers of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage can help elucidate possible treatment timing constraints. This study examined the time course of ROS damage following a 2-h, broad-band noise exposure resulting in permanent threshold shift in 35 Long-Evans rats. Cochlea, brain, liver, serum and urine were analyzed at 1, 3, 8, 72, and 672 h (28 days) after exposure. Oxidative DNA damage was assessed by measuring 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Lipid peroxidation was measured via the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) colorimetric assay for detection of aldehydes (e.g., malondialdehyde). Auditory brainstem response and distortion product otoacoustic emission thresholds showed progressive elevation for the 3- and 8-h groups, then notable recovery for the 72-h group, and some worsening for the 672-h group. 8OHdG was significantly elevated in cochlea in the 8-h group, and in brain and liver for the 72-h group. TBARS were significantly elevated in serum for the 72-h group. Based upon oxidative DNA damage present in cochlea following intense noise, we postulate that the first 8 h following exposure might be a critical period for antioxidant treatment. JF - Hearing research AU - Van Campen, Luann E AU - Murphy, William J AU - Franks, John R AU - Mathias, Patricia I AU - Toraason, Mark A AD - Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch, Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. vancampen_1_e@lilly.com Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 29 EP - 38 VL - 164 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-5955, 0378-5955 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Animals KW - Antioxidants: pharmacology KW - Brain: metabolism KW - Cochlea: injuries KW - Cochlea: metabolism KW - *DNA Damage KW - *Deoxyguanosine: analogs & derivatives KW - Deoxyguanosine: metabolism KW - Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem KW - *Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced: metabolism KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced: physiopathology KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced: prevention & control KW - Liver: metabolism KW - Male KW - *Noise: adverse effects KW - Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Rats KW - Reactive Oxygen Species: metabolism KW - Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances: metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85375495?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hearing+research&rft.atitle=Oxidative+DNA+damage+is+associated+with+intense+noise+exposure+in+the+rat.&rft.au=Van+Campen%2C+Luann+E%3BMurphy%2C+William+J%3BFranks%2C+John+R%3BMathias%2C+Patricia+I%3BToraason%2C+Mark+A&rft.aulast=Van+Campen&rft.aufirst=Luann&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=164&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hearing+research&rft.issn=03785955&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Traumatic injuries in agriculture. AN - 71669723; 12002374 AB - The National Coalition for Agricultural Safety and Health (NCASH) in 1988 addressed issues in agriculture and noted "a sense of urgency... arose from the recognition of the unabating epidemic of traumatic death and injury in American farming . . ." This article provides an update to the NCASH conference on traumatic injuries in agriculture, a history on how the facts and figures were arrived at for the NCASH conference, and a current report on the status of traumatic injuries in agriculture in the U.S. Fatal and nonfatal injuries are addressed along with national and regional surveillance systems. The Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI) was used for reporting national agricultural production fatal injuries from 1992-1998 (25.8 deaths per 100,000 workers), the Traumatic Injury Surveillance of Farmers (TISF) 1993-1995 was used to report nonfatal injuries occurring nationally (7.5/100 workers), and Regional Rural Injury Studies I and II (RRIS-I and RRIS-II) were used to illustrate a regional approach along with in-depth, specific analyses. Fatality rates, which showed some decline in the 1980s, were fairly constant during the 1990s. Changes in nonfatal injury rates for this sector could not be assessed due to a lack of benchmark data. The main concerns identified in the 1989 NCASH report continue today: tractors are the leading cause of farm-related death due mostly to overturns; older farmers continue to be at the highest risk for farm fatalities; and traumatic injuries continue to be a major concern for youth living or working on U.S. farms. Fatal and nonfatal traumatic injuries associated with agricultural production are a major public health problem that needs to be addressed through comprehensive approaches that include further delineation of the problem, particularly in children and older adults, and identification of specific risk factors through analytic efforts. Continued development of relevant surveillance systems and implementation of appropriate interventions are the primary challenges for the current decade. JF - Journal of agricultural safety and health AU - Hard, D L AU - Myers, J R AU - Gerberich, S G AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. dlh6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 51 EP - 65 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Congresses as Topic KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Age Distribution KW - Agriculture KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71669723?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+safety+and+health&rft.atitle=Traumatic+injuries+in+agriculture.&rft.au=Hard%2C+D+L%3BMyers%2C+J+R%3BGerberich%2C+S+G&rft.aulast=Hard&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+safety+and+health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Static load test performance of a telescoping structure for an automatically deployable ROPS. AN - 71668137; 12002371 AB - The automatically deployable ROPS was developed as part of an innovative project to provide passive protection against overturn fatality to operators of new tractors used in both low-clearance and unrestricted-clearance tasks. The primary objective of this phase of the research was to build a telescoping structure that would prove that a ROPS can be built that will (1) reliably deploy on signal, (2) rise in a sufficiently short amount of time, (3) firmly latch in its deployed position, and (4) satisfy SAE J2194 testing requirements. The two-post structure had previously been found to meet deployment time criteria, and design analyses indicated that neither the slip-fit joint nor the latch pins would fail at test loading. Four directions of static loading were applied to the structure to satisfy SAE requirements. For the series of static loading tests, the raised structure was found to maintain a protective clearance zone after all loads were applied. The structure is overly stiff and should be redesigned to increase its ability to absorb ground-impact energy. Results of dynamic tests and field upset tests are reported in companion articles. The next phase of development is to optimize the structure so that it will plastically deform and absorb energy that would otherwise be transferred to the tractor chassis. JF - Journal of agricultural safety and health AU - Etherton, J R AU - Cutlip, R G AU - Harris, J R AU - Ronaghi, M AU - Means, K H AU - Gillispie, A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. jre1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 119 EP - 126 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - Index Medicus KW - Off-Road Motor Vehicles KW - Equipment Design KW - Humans KW - Weight-Bearing KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Agriculture -- instrumentation KW - Protective Devices -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71668137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+safety+and+health&rft.atitle=Static+load+test+performance+of+a+telescoping+structure+for+an+automatically+deployable+ROPS.&rft.au=Etherton%2C+J+R%3BCutlip%2C+R+G%3BHarris%2C+J+R%3BRonaghi%2C+M%3BMeans%2C+K+H%3BGillispie%2C+A&rft.aulast=Etherton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+safety+and+health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamic performance of the mechanism of an automatically deployable ROPS. AN - 71665014; 12002370 AB - The mechanism for an automatically deployable ROPS (AutoROPS) has been designed and tested. This mechanism is part of an innovative project to provide passive protection against rollover fatality to operators of new tractors used in both low-clearance and unrestricted-clearance tasks. The device is a spring-action, telescoping structure that releases on signal to pyrotechnic squibs that actuate release pins. Upper post motion begins when the release pins clear an internal piston. The structure extends until the piston impacts an elastomeric ring and latches at the top position. In lab tests the two-post structure consistently deployed in less than 0.3 s and latched securely. Static load tests of the telescoping structure and field upset tests of the fully functional AutoROPS have been successfully completed. JF - Journal of agricultural safety and health AU - Etherton, J R AU - Cutlip, R G AU - Harris, J R AU - Ronaghi, M AU - Means, K H AU - Howard, S AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. jre1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 113 EP - 118 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - Index Medicus KW - Off-Road Motor Vehicles KW - Equipment Design KW - Humans KW - Automation KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Agriculture -- instrumentation KW - Protective Devices -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71665014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+safety+and+health&rft.atitle=Dynamic+performance+of+the+mechanism+of+an+automatically+deployable+ROPS.&rft.au=Etherton%2C+J+R%3BCutlip%2C+R+G%3BHarris%2C+J+R%3BRonaghi%2C+M%3BMeans%2C+K+H%3BHoward%2C+S&rft.aulast=Etherton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+safety+and+health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic inflammation and cancer. AN - 71499229; 11866137 AB - A substantial body of evidence supports the conclusion that chronic inflammation can predispose an individual to cancer, as demonstrated by the association between chronic inflammatory bowel diseases and the increased risk of colon carcinoma. Chronic inflammation is caused by a variety of factors, including bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections, chemical irritants, and nondigestible particles. The longer the inflammation persists, the higher the risk of associated carcinogenesis. This review describes some of the underlying causes of the association between chronic inflammation and cancer. Inflammatory mediators contribute to neoplasia by inducing proneoplastic mutations, adaptive responses, resistance to apoptosis, and environmental changes such as stimulation of angiogenesis. All these changes confer a survival advantage to a susceptible cell. In this article, we discuss the contribution of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates, prostaglandins, and inflammatory cytokines to carcinogenesis. A thorough understanding of the molecular basis of inflammation-associated neoplasia and progression can lead to novel approaches to the prevention and treatment of cancer. JF - Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.) AU - Shacter, Emily AU - Weitzman, Sigmund A AD - Laboratory of Immunology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4555, USA. shacter@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 217 EP - 26, 229; discussion 230-2 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0890-9091, 0890-9091 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Cytokines KW - Inflammation Mediators KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Disease Susceptibility KW - Humans KW - Cytokines -- physiology KW - Chronic Disease KW - Infection -- complications KW - Inflammation Mediators -- physiology KW - Antioxidants -- administration & dosage KW - Inflammation -- physiopathology KW - Neoplasms -- physiopathology KW - Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Inflammation -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71499229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oncology+%28Williston+Park%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Chronic+inflammation+and+cancer.&rft.au=Shacter%2C+Emily%3BWeitzman%2C+Sigmund+A&rft.aulast=Shacter&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oncology+%28Williston+Park%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08909091&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-15 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational exposures in seismic retrofitting operations. AN - 71494864; 11843200 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - McKernan, John L AU - Piacitelli, Gregory M AU - Roegner, Kevin C AU - Delaney, Lisa AU - Boiano, James M AD - Surveillance Branch, NIOSH, USA. Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 75 EP - 81 VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Silicon Dioxide -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Adult KW - Noise, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Middle Aged KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Male KW - Vehicle Emissions -- analysis KW - Risk Assessment KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Occupational Health KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Construction Materials -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Hazardous Substances -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71494864?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Occupational+exposures+in+seismic+retrofitting+operations.&rft.au=McKernan%2C+John+L%3BPiacitelli%2C+Gregory+M%3BRoegner%2C+Kevin+C%3BDelaney%2C+Lisa%3BBoiano%2C+James+M&rft.aulast=McKernan&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-28 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Appl Occup Environ Hyg 2002 Apr;17(4):313-4 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of retrofit emission controls and work practices on perchloroethylene exposures in small dry-cleaning shops. AN - 71461413; 11843197 AB - The effectiveness of commercially available interventions for reducing workers' perchloroethylene exposures in three small dry-cleaning shops was evaluated. Depending upon machine configuration, the intervention consisted of the addition of either a refrigerated condenser or a closed-loop carbon adsorber to the existing dry-cleaning machine. These relatively inexpensive (less than $5000) engineering controls were designed to reduce perchloroethylene emissions when dry-cleaning machine doors were opened for loading or unloading. Effectiveness of the interventions was judged by comparing pre- and postintervention perchloroethylene exposures using three types of measurements in each shop: (1) full-shift, personal breathing zone, air monitoring, (2) next-morning, end-exhaled worker breath concentrations of perchloroethylene, and (3) differences in the end-exhaled breath perchloroethylene concentrations before and after opening the dry-cleaning machine door. In general, measurements supported the hypothesis that machine operators' exposures to perchloroethylene can be reduced. However, work practices, especially maintenance practices, influenced exposures more than was originally anticipated. Only owners of dry-cleaning machines in good repair, with few leaks, should consider retrofitting them, and only after consultation with their machine's manufacturer. If machines are in poor condition, a new machine or alternative technology should be considered. Shop owners and employees should never circumvent safety features on dry-cleaning machines. JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Ewers, Lynda M AU - Ruder, Avima M AU - Petersen, Martin R AU - Earnest, G Scott AU - Goldenhar, Linda M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 112 EP - 120 VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Tetrachloroethylene KW - TJ904HH8SN KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Laundering -- instrumentation KW - Probability KW - Occupational Health KW - Humans KW - Laundering -- methods KW - Commerce KW - Ohio KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Tetrachloroethylene -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71461413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Effects+of+retrofit+emission+controls+and+work+practices+on+perchloroethylene+exposures+in+small+dry-cleaning+shops.&rft.au=Ewers%2C+Lynda+M%3BRuder%2C+Avima+M%3BPetersen%2C+Martin+R%3BEarnest%2C+G+Scott%3BGoldenhar%2C+Linda+M&rft.aulast=Ewers&rft.aufirst=Lynda&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=112&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-28 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of retrofit engineering control interventions to reduce perchloroethylene exposures in commercial dry-cleaning shops. AN - 71461190; 11843196 AB - Real-time monitoring was used to evaluate the ability of engineering control devices retrofitted on two existing dry-cleaning machines to reduce worker exposures to perchloroethylene. In one dry-cleaning shop, a refrigerated condenser was installed on a machine that had a water-cooled condenser to reduce the air temperature, improve vapor recovery, and lower exposures. In a second shop, a carbon adsorber was retrofitted on a machine to adsorb residual perchloroethylene not collected by the existing refrigerated condenser to improve vapor recovery and reduce exposures. Both controls were successful at reducing the perchloroethylene exposures of the dry-cleaning machine operator. Real-time monitoring was performed to evaluate how the engineering controls affected exposures during loading and unloading the dry-cleaning machine, a task generally considered to account for the highest exposures. The real-time monitoring showed that dramatic reductions occurred in exposures during loading and unloading of the dry-cleaning machine due to the engineering controls. Peak operator exposures during loading and unloading were reduced by 60 percent in the shop that had a refrigerated condenser installed on the dry-cleaning machine and 92 percent in the shop that had a carbon adsorber installed. Although loading and unloading exposures were dramatically reduced, drops in full-shift time-weighted average (TWA) exposures were less dramatic. TWA exposures to perchloroethylene, as measured by conventional air sampling, showed smaller reductions in operator exposures of 28 percent or less. Differences between exposure results from real-time and conventional air sampling very likely resulted from other uncontrolled sources of exposure, differences in shop general ventilation before and after the control was installed, relatively small sample sizes, and experimental variability inherent in field research. Although there were some difficulties and complications with installation and maintenance of the engineering controls, this study showed that retrofitting engineering controls may be a feasible option for some dry-cleaning shop owners to reduce worker exposures to perchloroethylene. By installing retrofit controls, a dry-cleaning facility can reduce exposures, in some cases dramatically, and bring operators into compliance with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) peak exposure limit of 300 ppm. Retrofit engineering controls are also likely to enable many dry-cleaning workers to lower their overall personal TWA exposures to perchloroethylene. JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Earnest, G Scott AU - Ewers, Lynda M AU - Ruder, Avima M AU - Petersen, Martin R AU - Kovein, Ronald J AD - Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 104 EP - 111 VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Tetrachloroethylene KW - TJ904HH8SN KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Laundering -- instrumentation KW - Occupational Health KW - Video Recording KW - Engineering KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Laundering -- methods KW - Commerce KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Tetrachloroethylene -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71461190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=An+evaluation+of+retrofit+engineering+control+interventions+to+reduce+perchloroethylene+exposures+in+commercial+dry-cleaning+shops.&rft.au=Earnest%2C+G+Scott%3BEwers%2C+Lynda+M%3BRuder%2C+Avima+M%3BPetersen%2C+Martin+R%3BKovein%2C+Ronald+J&rft.aulast=Earnest&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=104&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-28 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A polymerase chain reaction-based method for the detection of hepatitis A virus in produce and shellfish. AN - 71457852; 11858194 AB - Outbreaks of gastroenteritis that are suspected to be of viral origin are on the rise. Thus, there is a need for regulatory agencies entrusted with food safety to develop adequate techniques for the detection of viruses in foods. We have established a general procedure for the detection of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in shellfish that, with minor modifications, is also applicable to fresh produce such as cilantro. Total RNA was isolated from shellfish or cilantro, followed by isolation of poly(A)-containing RNA. Because HAV genomic RNA contains a poly(A) tail, the isolation of poly(A)-containing RNA also enriches HAV genomic RNA. Reverse transcription was used to convert the RNA to cDNA, and then amplification was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Reamplification with internal primers was used to improve the quality and the quantity of amplified DNA, allowing for post-PCR analysis such as sequence identification of the viral strain. With this procedure, multiple samples could be analyzed in four working days by a single trained individual. The nominal sensitivity of detection of the procedure was 0.15 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infective dose) per 0.62 g of tissue with a test virus. The direct RNA isolation protocol avoided pitfalls associated with whole-virus purification procedures by replacing virus precipitation steps involving polyethylene glycol and Procipitate with phenol extraction. The method is straightforward and reliable. We successfully used this procedure to detect naturally occurring HAV in clams involved in a gastroenteritis outbreak, as well as in cilantro artificially contaminated with a test virus. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Goswami, B B AU - Kulka, Michael AU - Ngo, Diana AU - Istafanos, Phillip AU - Cebula, Thomas A AD - Division of Molecular Biological Research and Evaluation, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drag Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. bgoswami@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 393 EP - 402 VL - 65 IS - 2 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Gene Amplification KW - Gastroenteritis -- etiology KW - Hepatitis A virus -- genetics KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Hepatitis A virus -- isolation & purification KW - Seafood -- virology KW - Coriandrum -- virology KW - Gastroenteritis -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71457852?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=A+polymerase+chain+reaction-based+method+for+the+detection+of+hepatitis+A+virus+in+produce+and+shellfish.&rft.au=Goswami%2C+B+B%3BKulka%2C+Michael%3BNgo%2C+Diana%3BIstafanos%2C+Phillip%3BCebula%2C+Thomas+A&rft.aulast=Goswami&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=393&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential pressure response of 25-mm-diameter glass fiber filters challenged with coal and limestone dust mixtures. AN - 71456846; 11843204 AB - This article summarizes results of research conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) at its Pittsburgh Research Laboratory. The objective of this work was to determine the correlation between the mass (M) of respirable coal and limestone dusts collected on 25-mm-diameter glass fiber filters mounted in cassettes and the increase in differential pressure (deltaP) that develops across the filters when drawing at constant air flow. Test aerosols were generated inside a laboratory dust chamber using various coal dusts, limestone dust, and mixes of the two. Dusts with different particle size distributions were deposited on the filters by sampling from the chamber through cyclone preclassifiers at different flow rates. Results show that the relationship between differential pressure increase (cm water) and dust mass (mg) is linear and can be approximated by the equation deltaP = KM. The K values (slopes) range from 1.14 to 1.64, depending on the parent coal of the samples. The influence of particle size distribution was also found. The overall K value for all the data summarized in this article is 1.35, with R2 = 0.84 for the summary equation. When calibrated for individual work sites, or other circumstances where great variability in dust characteristics is avoided, the relationship between collected dust mass and increase in differential pressure may provide an exploitable principle for measurement of respirable dust concentrations. JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Dobroski, Harry AU - Tuchman, Donald P AU - Vinson, Robert P AU - Timko, Robert J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania, USA. Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 96 EP - 103 VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Coal KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Calcium Carbonate KW - H0G9379FGK KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Micropore Filters KW - Equipment Design KW - Humans KW - Research KW - Mining KW - Pressure KW - Inhalation Exposure -- analysis KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71456846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Differential+pressure+response+of+25-mm-diameter+glass+fiber+filters+challenged+with+coal+and+limestone+dust+mixtures.&rft.au=Dobroski%2C+Harry%3BTuchman%2C+Donald+P%3BVinson%2C+Robert+P%3BTimko%2C+Robert+J&rft.aulast=Dobroski&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=96&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-28 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical pharmacology: drugs as a benefit and/or risk in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy? AN - 71442016; 11831534 AB - Death may be the consequence of natural or unnatural causes, such as accidents, homicide, and suicide, which have no relationship to the disease of epilepsy. Direct causes of death include status epilepticus, and indirect causes may be head trauma or drowning subsequent to a seizure. When death occurs suddenly and without explanation, the term sudden unexpected unexplained death is used. Unexplained is a term that clinicians and research scientists are working to clarify. Numerous preclinical animal studies have been conducted as models for sudden death and have led to clinical studies in persons with epilepsy. These studies show that sympathetic nerve stimulation, ouabain, or coronary occlusion increased temporal dispersion of recovery of ventricular excitability and led to an underlying electrical instability that predisposed the ventricularmyocardium to arrhythmia. Cardiac arrhythmias in an animal model for ouabain-induced toxicity were associated with neural autonomic dysfunction. Neural discharges were characterized by increases, decreases, or no change in the discharge of postganglionic cardiac sympathetic nerves monitored simultaneously, predisposing to cardiac arrhythmia. Stimulation of the sympathetic ventrolateral cardiac nerve produced a shift in the origin of the pacemaker and tachyarrhythmias because the nerve is not uniformly distributed to the various regions of the heart but is localized to the atrioventricular junctional and ventricular regions. Such nonuniform distribution of sympathetic nerves would also contribute to initiation of arrhythmia as a nonuniform neural discharge occurred. Studies examining the physiology and pharmacology of this finding in multiple animal models found that subconvulsant, interictal discharge was associated with autonomic cardiac neural non-uniform discharge and cardiac arrhythmias. As a result of further investigations, Lathers and Schraeder edited a book in 1990 that summarized the clinical problem of sudden unexpected death and epilepsy (SUDEP). The contributors concluded that there was a paucity of clinical data addressing the mechanism of death. Regulatory response resulting from the consequent increased awareness of SUDEP occurred in 1993, when the FDA focused attention of practitioners and pharmaceutical manufacturers on the question of whether use of anticonvulsant drugs contributes to or prevents sudden unexpected death in epileptic persons. The FDA-convened panel of scientists considered the prevalence of sudden unexpected death in patients involved in studies associated with developing new anticonvulsant drugs and reviewed data on the risk of sudden unexpected death in patients taking lamotrigine. The risk of SUDEP was no different from thatfound in the young epilepsy population in general. Estimated SUDEP rates in patients receiving the new anticonvulsant drugs lamotrigine, gabapentin, topiramate, tigabine, and zonisamide were found to be similar to those in patients receiving standard anticonvulsant drugs, suggesting that SUDEP rates reflect population rates and not a specific drug effect. The FDA required warning labels on the risk of SUDEP in association with the use of each of the above-mentioned drugs. Another effect of bringing SUDEP to the attention of epilepsy researchers has been the expansion of basic science and the development of epidemiological and clinical studies directed at this phenomenon. Results from some of these studies are discussed in this article. JF - Journal of clinical pharmacology AU - Lathers, Claire M AU - Schraeder, Paul L AD - Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Center for Veterinary Medicine/FDA, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 123 EP - 136 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0091-2700, 0091-2700 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Epilepsy -- pathology KW - Death, Sudden -- etiology KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Epilepsy -- complications KW - Death, Sudden -- epidemiology KW - Death, Sudden -- pathology KW - Epilepsy -- mortality KW - Epilepsy -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71442016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Clinical+pharmacology%3A+drugs+as+a+benefit+and%2For+risk+in+sudden+unexpected+death+in+epilepsy%3F&rft.au=Lathers%2C+Claire+M%3BSchraeder%2C+Paul+L&rft.aulast=Lathers&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00912700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular cloning and functional analysis of a novel cadmium-responsive proto-oncogene. AN - 71438865; 11830523 AB - The molecular mechanisms potentially responsible for cell transformation and tumorigenesis induced by cadmium, a human carcinogen, were investigated by differential gene expression analysis of BALB/c-3T3 cells transformed with cadmium chloride (CdCl(2)). Differential display analysis of gene expression revealed consistent overexpression of mouse translation initiation factor 3 (TIF3; GenBank accession number AF271072) in the cells transformed with CdCl(2) when compared with nontransformed cells. The predicted protein encoded by TIF3 cDNA exhibited 99% similarity to human eukaryotic initiation factor 3 p36 protein. A M(r) 36,000 protein was detected in cells transfected with an expression vector containing TIF3 cDNA. Transfection of NIH3T3 cells with an expression vector containing TIF3 cDNA resulted in overexpression of the encoded protein, and this was associated with cell transformation, as evidenced by the appearance of transformed foci exhibiting anchorage-independent growth on soft agar and tumorigenic potential in nude mice. Expression of the antisense RNA against TIF3 mRNA resulted in significant reversal of oncogenic potential of the CdCl(2)-transformed BALB/c-3T3 cells. Taken together, these findings demonstrate for the first time that the cell transformation and tumorigenesis induced by CdCl(2) are due, at least in part, to the overexpression of TIF3, a novel cadmium-responsive proto-oncogene. JF - Cancer research AU - Joseph, Pius AU - Lei, Yi-Xiong AU - Whong, Wen-Zong AU - Ong, Tong-man AD - Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. pcj5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/02/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Feb 01 SP - 703 EP - 707 VL - 62 IS - 3 SN - 0008-5472, 0008-5472 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - Eukaryotic Initiation Factors KW - Fungal Proteins KW - Peptide Initiation Factors KW - RNA, Antisense KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins KW - TIF3 protein, S cerevisiae KW - RNA Nucleotidyltransferases KW - EC 2.7.7.- KW - Cadmium Chloride KW - J6K4F9V3BA KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - 3T3 Cells KW - Base Sequence KW - DNA, Complementary -- genetics KW - Transfection KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Gene Expression KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mice KW - RNA, Antisense -- genetics KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- genetics KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - RNA Nucleotidyltransferases -- biosynthesis KW - RNA Nucleotidyltransferases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Proto-Oncogenes -- physiology KW - Cadmium Chloride -- toxicity KW - Fungal Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Fungal Proteins -- genetics KW - Fungal Proteins -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - RNA Nucleotidyltransferases -- genetics KW - Proto-Oncogenes -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71438865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+research&rft.atitle=Molecular+cloning+and+functional+analysis+of+a+novel+cadmium-responsive+proto-oncogene.&rft.au=Joseph%2C+Pius%3BLei%2C+Yi-Xiong%3BWhong%2C+Wen-Zong%3BOng%2C+Tong-man&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=Pius&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=703&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+research&rft.issn=00085472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF271072; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - US Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study: intake of nutritional and toxic elements, 1991-96. AN - 71430433; 11824417 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has conducted the Total Diet Stuty (TDS) annually since 1961. The TDS is designed to monitor the US food supply for levels of toxic chemical contaminants (pesticide residues, industrial chemicals and toxic elements) and nutritional elements. Foods are generally collected four times a year, once from each of four regions of the country. The foods are prepared table-ready before being analysed. From the results of the TDS, dietary, intakes of these analytes are estimated for selected age-sex groups in the US population. This paper reports on the dietary intake of 10 nutritional and four toxic elements based on measurements made in foods collected in the TDS between 1991 and late 1996. Average daily intakes were estimated for 14 age-sex groups in the US population, as well as the contribution of specific food groups to total intakes. For most nutritional elements, teenage boys and adult males had the highest daily intakes. Intakes by infants were below the intake references for seven of 10 nutritional elements, and young girls and women had inadequate intakes of at least half the nutritional elements. Intakes by children between 2 and 10 years of age, teenage boys, and adult males met or exceeded the reference intakes for the majority of nutritional elements. Intakes by all population groups were well below the reference intakes for all toxic elements. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Egan, S K AU - Tao, S S H AU - Pennington, J A T AU - Bolger, P M AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 103 EP - 125 VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Trace Elements KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Age Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Humans KW - Diet Surveys KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Trace Elements -- administration & dosage KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Food Contamination -- statistics & numerical data KW - Diet -- statistics & numerical data KW - Nutritional Physiological Phenomena UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71430433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=US+Food+and+Drug+Administration%27s+Total+Diet+Study%3A+intake+of+nutritional+and+toxic+elements%2C+1991-96.&rft.au=Egan%2C+S+K%3BTao%2C+S+S+H%3BPennington%2C+J+A+T%3BBolger%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Egan&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protective roles of NF-kappa B for chromium(VI)-induced cytotoxicity is revealed by expression of Ikappa B kinase-beta mutant. AN - 71430356; 11726646 AB - To delineate the molecular mechanisms of NF-kappaB-mediated regulation of chromium(VI)-induced cell death, the signaling pathway leading to the activation of NF-kappaB was interrupted by stable transfection of a kinase-mutated form of IkappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta-KM). Here we demonstrate a novel role for the NF-kappaB transcription factor in inhibiting chromium(VI)-induced cell death. Inhibition of NF-kappaB by IKKbeta-KM or IKKbeta gene deficiency resulted in a spontaneous cleavage of Bcl-xL antiapoptotic protein due to the elevated caspase-3 activity. DNA microarray assay suggested a decreased expression of genes encoding antiapoptotic proteins, cIAP1 and cIAP2, in the cells overexpressing IKKbeta-KM. Chromium(VI) treatment of these NF-kappaB-inhibited cells induced necrotic-like cell death. Such chromium(VI)-induced cell killing could be partially inhibited by expression of exogenous cIAP1, an inhibitor of caspases, indicating that caspases along with others may be involved in chromium(VI)-induced cell death. These results suggest that NF-kappaB is essential for inhibiting toxic metal-induced cytotoxicity. Such inhibition may involve up-regulation of the expression of anti-death proteins including cIAP1 that prevents spontaneous caspase activation and subsequent cleavage of Bcl-xL protein. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Chen, Fei AU - Bower, Jacquelyn AU - Leonard, Stephen S AU - Ding, Min AU - Lu, Yongju AU - Rojanasakul, Yon AU - Kung, Hsiang-fu AU - Vallyathan, Val AU - Castranova, Vince AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. lfd3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/02/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Feb 01 SP - 3342 EP - 3349 VL - 277 IS - 5 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins KW - NF-kappa B KW - Proteins KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - chromium hexavalent ion KW - 18540-29-9 KW - BIRC2 protein, human KW - EC 2.3.2.27 KW - Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.1 KW - CHUK protein, human KW - EC 2.7.11.10 KW - I-kappa B Kinase KW - IKBKB protein, human KW - IKBKE protein, human KW - CASP3 protein, human KW - EC 3.4.22.- KW - Caspase 3 KW - Caspases KW - Index Medicus KW - Respiratory Mucosa KW - Humans KW - Proteins -- genetics KW - Caspases -- metabolism KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Transfection KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Cell Line KW - Apoptosis -- genetics KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases -- metabolism KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases -- deficiency KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases -- genetics KW - Chromium -- toxicity KW - NF-kappa B -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71430356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Protective+roles+of+NF-kappa+B+for+chromium%28VI%29-induced+cytotoxicity+is+revealed+by+expression+of+Ikappa+B+kinase-beta+mutant.&rft.au=Chen%2C+Fei%3BBower%2C+Jacquelyn%3BLeonard%2C+Stephen+S%3BDing%2C+Min%3BLu%2C+Yongju%3BRojanasakul%2C+Yon%3BKung%2C+Hsiang-fu%3BVallyathan%2C+Val%3BCastranova%2C+Vince%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Fei&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=3342&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-28 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diseases caused by silica: mechanisms of injury and disease development. AN - 71426952; 11811922 AB - While silica particles are considered to be fibrogenic and carcinogenic agents, the mechanisms responsible are not well understood. This article summarizes literature on silica-induced accelerated silicosis, chronic silicosis, silico-tuberculosis, bronchogenic carcinoma, and immune-mediated diseases. This article also discusses the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that occurs directly from the interaction of silica with aqueous medium and from silica-stimulated cells, the molecular mechanisms of silica-induced lung injuries with focus on silica-induced NF-kappaB activation, including its mechanisms, possible attenuation and relationship to silica-induced generation of cyclooxygenase II and TNF-alpha. Silica-induced AP-1 activation, protooncogene expression, and the role of ROS in these processes are also briefly discussed. JF - International immunopharmacology AU - Ding, Min AU - Chen, Fei AU - Shi, Xianglin AU - Yucesoy, Berran AU - Mossman, Brooke AU - Vallyathan, Val AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 173 EP - 182 VL - 2 IS - 2-3 SN - 1567-5769, 1567-5769 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Carcinoma, Bronchogenic -- etiology KW - Acute Disease KW - Animals KW - Lung Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Tuberculosis -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Chronic Disease KW - Silicosis -- genetics KW - Silicosis -- etiology KW - Silicon Dioxide -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71426952?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+immunopharmacology&rft.atitle=Diseases+caused+by+silica%3A+mechanisms+of+injury+and+disease+development.&rft.au=Ding%2C+Min%3BChen%2C+Fei%3BShi%2C+Xianglin%3BYucesoy%2C+Berran%3BMossman%2C+Brooke%3BVallyathan%2C+Val&rft.aulast=Ding&rft.aufirst=Min&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+immunopharmacology&rft.issn=15675769&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pulmonary alterations associated with inhalation of occupational and environmental irritants. AN - 71423853; 11811921 AB - Many gases, vapors, or particles found in occupational and/or environmental settings can act as irritants. In the present study, sensory irritants are characterized by the stimulation of neuropeptide release from sensory nerves in the nasal mucosa, while pulmonary irritants are characterized by recruitment of PMN into bronchoalveolar airspaces, elevation of breathing frequency, and neuropeptide release from sensory fibers innervating the epithelium of the conducting airways. A review of data from our laboratory as well as results from others indicate that asphalt fume is a sensory irritant; toluene diisocyanate (TDI), methyl isocyanate, and machining fluid act as both sensory and pulmonary irritants; while cotton dust, agricultural dusts, microbial products, leather conditioner, and ozone exhibit responses characteristic of pulmonary irritants. JF - International immunopharmacology AU - Castranova, V AU - Frazer, D G AU - Manley, L K AU - Dey, R D AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. vic1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 163 EP - 172 VL - 2 IS - 2-3 SN - 1567-5769, 1567-5769 KW - Irritants KW - 0 KW - Neuropeptides KW - Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate KW - 17X7AFZ1GH KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cell Count KW - Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate -- administration & dosage KW - Guinea Pigs KW - Humans KW - Inflammation -- chemically induced KW - Respiration -- drug effects KW - Nasal Mucosa -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Nasal Mucosa -- secretion KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Neuropeptides -- secretion KW - Neurons, Afferent -- drug effects KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Male KW - Neurons, Afferent -- pathology KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Irritants -- adverse effects KW - Inhalation Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71423853?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+immunopharmacology&rft.atitle=Pulmonary+alterations+associated+with+inhalation+of+occupational+and+environmental+irritants.&rft.au=Castranova%2C+V%3BFrazer%2C+D+G%3BManley%2C+L+K%3BDey%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Castranova&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+immunopharmacology&rft.issn=15675769&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - U. S. drinking water challenges in the twenty-first century AN - 52113202; 2002-036832 AB - The access of almost all 270 million U.S. residents to reliable, safe drinking water distinguishes the United States in the twentieth century from that of the nineteenth century. The United States is a relatively water-abundant country with moderate population growth; nonetheless, current trends are sufficient to strain water resources over time, especially on a regional basis. We have examined the areas of public water infrastructure, global climate effects, waterborne disease (including emerging and resurging pathogens),land use, groundwater, surface water, and the U.S. regulatory history and its horizon. These issues are integrally interrelated and cross all levels of public and private jurisdictions. We conclude that U.S. public drinking water supplies will face challenges in these areas in the nest century and that solutions to at least some of them will require institutional changes. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Levin, Ronnie B AU - Epstein, Paul R AU - Ford, Tim E AU - Harrington, Winston AU - Olson, Erik AU - Reichard, Eric G Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 43 EP - 52 PB - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Research Triangle Park, NC VL - 110 IS - Suppl. 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - United States KW - aquifer vulnerability KW - water quality KW - waste water KW - regulations KW - rivers and streams KW - global change KW - drinking water KW - ground water KW - discharge KW - global warming KW - demand KW - water use KW - hydrology KW - water supply KW - toxic materials KW - monitoring KW - surface water KW - legislation KW - pollution KW - decision-making KW - potability KW - aquifers KW - economics KW - water resources KW - land use KW - microorganisms KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52113202?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=U.+S.+drinking+water+challenges+in+the+twenty-first+century&rft.au=Levin%2C+Ronnie+B%3BEpstein%2C+Paul+R%3BFord%2C+Tim+E%3BHarrington%2C+Winston%3BOlson%2C+Erik%3BReichard%2C+Eric+G&rft.aulast=Levin&rft.aufirst=Ronnie&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=Suppl.+1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jstor.org/journals/00916765.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 150 N1 - PubXState - NC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; decision-making; demand; discharge; drinking water; economics; global change; global warming; ground water; hydrology; land use; legislation; microorganisms; monitoring; pollution; potability; regulations; rivers and streams; surface water; toxic materials; United States; waste water; water quality; water resources; water supply; water use ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using ground penetrating radar to determine the structural integrity of a mine seal AN - 50885303; 2005-046537 JF - Proceedings of SAGEEP AU - Trevits, Michael A AU - Monaghan, William D AU - Mowrey, Gary L AU - Sapko, Michael J AU - Thomas, Richard A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 EP - 12MMM5 PB - Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society, Wheat Ridge, CO VL - 2002 KW - mining KW - mines KW - failures KW - sealing KW - underground mining KW - ground-penetrating radar KW - geophysical methods KW - stability KW - radar methods KW - anomalies KW - safety KW - mining geology KW - electromagnetic methods KW - construction materials KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 26A:Economic geology, general, deposits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50885303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+SAGEEP&rft.atitle=Using+ground+penetrating+radar+to+determine+the+structural+integrity+of+a+mine+seal&rft.au=Trevits%2C+Michael+A%3BMonaghan%2C+William+D%3BMowrey%2C+Gary+L%3BSapko%2C+Michael+J%3BThomas%2C+Richard+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Trevits&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=2002&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+SAGEEP&rft.issn=1554-8015&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://scitation.aip.org/sageep/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Symposium on The application of geophysics to environmental and engineering problems N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - anomalies; construction materials; electromagnetic methods; failures; geophysical methods; ground-penetrating radar; mines; mining; mining geology; radar methods; safety; sealing; stability; underground mining ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research Note: Analysis of Flour and Food Samples for cry9C from Bioengineered Corn AN - 18603931; 5509862 AB - StarLink corn is a variety of yellow corn that has been genetically modified by the insertion of an altered cry9C gene into the plant genome, resulting in expression of the insecticidal Cry9C protein. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has approved StarLink corn for use in animal feed but not in food intended for human consumption. Therefore, under the U.S. Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, any food intended for human consumption in which the presence of StarLink corn is indicated by the presence of either the Cry9C protein or the cry9C gene would be considered adulterated. Extraction and PCR-based methods were used to detect the presence of the cry9C DNA initially in corn flour and corn meal, and then these methods were extended to the analysis of processed corn products, including taco shells, cereals, baby foods, party snacks, and chips, for the presence of this modified genetic material. In a survey of 63 products, the cry9C transgene was detected in 4 taco shells. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Orlandi, P A AU - Lampel, KA AU - South, P K AU - Assar, S K AU - Carter, L AU - Levy, D D AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, HFS-237, 200 C Street S.W., Washington, D.C. 20204, USA Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 426 EP - 431 VL - 65 IS - 2 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Cry9C toxin KW - cry9C gene KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18603931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Research+Note%3A+Analysis+of+Flour+and+Food+Samples+for+cry9C+from+Bioengineered+Corn&rft.au=Orlandi%2C+P+A%3BLampel%2C+KA%3BSouth%2C+P+K%3BAssar%2C+S+K%3BCarter%2C+L%3BLevy%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Orlandi&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=426&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Apoptotic pathways of cell death induced by an interleukin-13 receptor-targeted recombinant cytotoxin in head and neck cancer cells AN - 18574304; 5330092 AB - Interleukin 13 receptor (IL-13R)-targeted cytotoxin, IL 13-PE38QQR, composed of IL-13 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE), is found to be highly and specifically cytotoxic to human solid cancer cell lines. However, the mechanism of tumor cell death mediated by IL-13 toxin is still not known. To elucidate the mechanism, we utilized four head and neck cancer cell lines (SCC-25, HN12, KCCT873, and YCUM911), which express high levels of IL-13R, and IL-13 toxin is highly cytotoxic to these cells. We observed chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation, indicating apoptotic cell death, after treatment with IL-13 toxin, as determined by bis-benzimide staining and DNA ladder assays. However, IL-13 did not induce cell death. Flow cytometric analysis suggested that these cancer cell lines increased the sub-G1/G0 phase DNA population in a dose- and time-dependent manner (ranged between 10 and 30%) after treatment with IL-13 toxin. By Western blot analysis, cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP was observed after treatment with a high concentration of IL-13 toxin, also suggesting apoptotic cell death. In addition, the results of immunofluorescence and RT-PCR assays showed that the apoptosis-regulator, Bcl-2 was downregulated after treatment with IL-13 toxin, while Bax was upregulated. Moreover, significant nitrite production was detected in the HN12 cell line after treatment with IL-13 toxin for 48-96 h. Taken together, our results suggest that IL-13 toxin-induced cytotoxicity is at least partially mediated by the apoptosis and nitric oxide pathways. This information may be useful in developing specific approaches where apoptotic bodies from tumor cells may be used to pulse antigen-presenting cells for immunotherapy of cancer. JF - Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy AU - Kawakami, M AU - Kawakami, K AU - Puri, R K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, NIH Building 29B, Room 2NN10, 29 Lincoln Drive MSC 4555, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, puri@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 691 EP - 700 VL - 50 IS - 12 SN - 0340-7004, 0340-7004 KW - man KW - Head and neck carcinoma KW - interleukin 13 receptors KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - DNA fragmentation KW - Cell death KW - Chromatin KW - Cytotoxins KW - Cancer patients KW - W4 130:General Biomedical Engineering: Tools & Techniques KW - F 06818:Cancer immunotherapy KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18574304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Immunology%2C+Immunotherapy&rft.atitle=Apoptotic+pathways+of+cell+death+induced+by+an+interleukin-13+receptor-targeted+recombinant+cytotoxin+in+head+and+neck+cancer+cells&rft.au=Kawakami%2C+M%3BKawakami%2C+K%3BPuri%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Kawakami&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=691&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+Immunology%2C+Immunotherapy&rft.issn=03407004&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cytotoxins; Cancer patients; Cell death; DNA fragmentation; Chromatin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human CD59 Incorporation into Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus Particles: Implications for the Use of Transgenic Pigs for Xenotransplantation AN - 18359864; 5296338 AB - Transgenic pigs have been engineered to express human CD59 (hCD59) in order to suppress hyperacute rejection of xenotransplants in human recipients. In this study, porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) was produced in a porcine cell line expressing hCD59 in order to examine the effect of this complement control protein on PERV neutralization by human sera. hCD59 was found to be incorporated into PERV particles produced from engineered ST-IOWA cells. PERV incorporation of hCD59 resulted in a dramatic inhibition of complement-mediated virolysis by human serum. However, incorporation of hCD59 had no effect on neutralization of PERV by human serum, as measured in infectivity assays. Our results suggest that the use of organs from hCD59 transgenic pigs will inhibit complement-mediated virolysis, but will not compromise the protective effects of human sera on the neutralization of PERV particles. JF - Journal of Virology AU - Takefman, D M AU - Spear, G T AU - Saifuddin, M AU - Wilson, CA AD - Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Building 29B, Room 2E12, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892., wilsonc@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 1999 EP - 2002 VL - 76 IS - 4 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - pigs KW - CD59 antigen KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - Transgenic animals KW - Graft rejection KW - Complement KW - Xenografts KW - Porcine endogenous retrovirus KW - F 06830:Xenograft KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33055:Genetic engineering (general) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18359864?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virology&rft.atitle=Human+CD59+Incorporation+into+Porcine+Endogenous+Retrovirus+Particles%3A+Implications+for+the+Use+of+Transgenic+Pigs+for+Xenotransplantation&rft.au=Takefman%2C+D+M%3BSpear%2C+G+T%3BSaifuddin%2C+M%3BWilson%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Takefman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1999&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJVI.76.4.1999-2002.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Porcine endogenous retrovirus; Complement; Graft rejection; Xenografts; Transgenic animals DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.76.4.1999-2002.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mild heat treatment of lettuce enhances growth of Listeria monocytogenes during subsequent storage at 5 degree C or 15 degree C AN - 18276075; 5325292 AB - Aims: The objective of this study was to determine the influence of mild heat treatment, storage temperature and storage time on the survival and growth of Listeria monocytogenes inoculated onto cut iceberg lettuce leaves. Methods and Results: Before or after inoculation with L. monocytogenes , cut iceberg lettuce leaves were dipped in water (20 or 50 degree C), containing or not 20 mg l super(-1) chlorine, for 90 s, then stored at 5 degree C for up to 18 days or 15 degree C for up to 7 days. The presence of 20 mg l super(-1) chlorine in the treatment water did not significantly ( alpha =0.05) affect populations of the pathogen, regardless of other test parameters. The population of L. monocytogenes on lettuce treated at 50 degree C steadily increased throughout storage at 5 degree C for up to 18 days. At day 10 and thereafter, populations were 1.7-2.3 log sub(10) cfu g super(-1) higher on lettuce treated at 50 degree C after inoculation compared with untreated lettuce or lettuce treated at 20 degree C, regardless of chlorine treatment. The population of L. monocytogenes increased rapidly on lettuce stored at 15 degree C. At 2 and 4 days, significantly higher populations were detected on lettuce that had been treated at 50 degree C, compared with respective samples that had been treated at 20 degree C, regardless of inoculation before or after treatment, or the presence of 20 mg l super(-1) chlorine in the treatment water. Conclusions: The results clearly demonstrated that mild heat treatment of cut lettuce leaves enhances the growth of L. monocytogenes during subsequent storage at 5 or 15 degree C. Significance and Impact of the Study: Mild heat treatment of cut lettuce may result in a prolonged shelf life as a result of delaying the development of brown discoloration. However, heat treatment also facilitates the growth of L. monocytogenes during storage at refrigeration temperature, thereby increasing the potential risk of causing listeriosis. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Li, Y AU - Brackett, R AU - Chen, J AU - Beuchat, L AD - Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, USA, Office of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages, US Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C., USA, lbeuchat@cfs.griffin.peachnet.edu Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 269 EP - 275 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 92 IS - 2 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Refrigeration KW - Storage KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Listeriosis KW - Preservation KW - Heat treatments KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18276075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Mild+heat+treatment+of+lettuce+enhances+growth+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+during+subsequent+storage+at+5+degree+C+or+15+degree+C&rft.au=Li%2C+Y%3BBrackett%2C+R%3BChen%2C+J%3BBeuchat%2C+L&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2672.2002.01530.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Heat treatments; Storage; Refrigeration; Listeriosis; Preservation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01530.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunotoxicology of organic acid anhydrides (OAAs) AN - 18274987; 5329793 AB - Organic acid anhydrides (OAAs) have considerable economic importance due to their extensive use in the production of alkyd, epoxy, and polyester resins. Occupational exposure to OAAs has been associated with a variety of health effects, which may be classified into two major categories of direct toxicity/irritant and hypersensitivity. The hypersensitivity diseases associated with OAA exposure are thought to be related to the reactivity of these chemicals and in particular their ability to form protein conjugates that may be recognized as neo-antigens by the immune system. This review will present a brief discussion of the basic chemistry of these compounds and the environmental and biological monitoring methods used for exposure measurements. The clinical syndromes associated with exposure to these compounds will be discussed along with factors that may affect disease susceptibility. Finally, animal models that have been developed to examine the mechanisms of disease will be discussed. JF - International Immunopharmacology AU - Zhang, X D AU - Siegel, P D AU - Lewis, D M AD - Analytical Services Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 239 EP - 248 VL - 2 IS - 2-3 SN - 1567-5769, 1567-5769 KW - animal models KW - man KW - immunotoxicology KW - organic acid anhydrides KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Hypersensitivity KW - Immune system KW - Reviews KW - Occupational exposure KW - F 06793:Immunopharmacology KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18274987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Immunopharmacology&rft.atitle=Immunotoxicology+of+organic+acid+anhydrides+%28OAAs%29&rft.au=Zhang%2C+X+D%3BSiegel%2C+P+D%3BLewis%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Immunopharmacology&rft.issn=15675769&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reviews; Occupational exposure; Hypersensitivity; Environmental monitoring; Immune system ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modified Endotoxin Responses in Rats Pretreated with 1 arrow right 3- beta -Glucan (Zymosan A) AN - 18274003; 5331753 AB - The present study investigates whether 1 arrow right 3- beta -glucans (zymosan particles) modify the pulmonary response of rats to endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS). Initial experiments were conducted to establish appropriate doses of LPS and regimens for exposure to zymosan and LPS. Interaction between zymosan and LPS exposures was determined to be the deviation from the sum of the individual effects of these agents. Treatment with zymosan on Day 1 and LPS on Day 2 modified several indices of pulmonary responsiveness, including tumor necrosis factor- alpha , albumin, and lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) in first acellular lavage fluid as well as the levels of chemiluminescence (CL), NO-dependent CL, and nitric oxide production in cultured lavaged alveolar macrophage cells determined 1 day after exposure. No significant deviation from additivity was found for breathing rate increase and polymorphonuclear leukocytes infiltration. Simultaneous administration of zymosan and LPS or administration of LPS before zymosan did not change these indices of pulmonary responsiveness. These data suggest that the inhibitory effect of 1 arrow right 3- beta -glucans on pulmonary responsiveness to endotoxin exposure was apparent only when rats were pretreated with 1 arrow right 3- beta -glucan. These results suggest that complex interaction of components may exist in exposure to organic dusts. Therefore, hazard may not be defined by measuring endotoxin or 1 arrow right 3- beta -glucans alone. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Young, S AU - Robinson, V A AU - Barger, M AU - Zeidler, P AU - Porter, D W AU - Frazer, D G AU - Castranova, V AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26505 Y1 - 2002/02/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Feb 01 SP - 172 EP - 179 PB - Academic Press VL - 178 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - rats KW - 1 arrow right 3- beta -Glucan KW - lipopolysaccharides KW - zymosan A KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - 113-b-Glucan KW - 1^13-^b-Glucan KW - Endotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18274003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Modified+Endotoxin+Responses+in+Rats+Pretreated+with+1+arrow+right+3-+beta+-Glucan+%28Zymosan+A%29&rft.au=Young%2C+S%3BRobinson%2C+V+A%3BBarger%2C+M%3BZeidler%2C+P%3BPorter%2C+D+W%3BFrazer%2C+D+G%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=178&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=172&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ftaap.2001.9332 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Endotoxins DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/taap.2001.9332 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative analysis of a modified rapid presence/absence test and the standard MPN method for detecting Escherichia coli in orange juice AN - 18271676; 5331949 AB - A modified rapid presence/absence test was evaluated and compared to the standard most probable number (MPN) method for detecting Escherichia coli in artificially contaminated orange juice. In each of the four experiments conducted, pasteurized and unpasteurized orange juice samples were seeded with one of the three different strains ofE. coli , at levels ranging from 0.4 to 6.5 cfu ml super(-1). The samples were also seeded with 360-510 cfu ml super(-1) of other enteric bacteria to simulate background flora. Samples were analysed by the MPN method for E. coli and by the modified ColiComplete (CC) presence/absence test in E. coli (EC) broth at 44.5 degree C, after pre-enriching 10 ml of juice samples in Universal Pre-enrichment Broth for 24 h (modified CC method). Of the 12 comparative analyses performed, E. coli was detected in all 12 tests by the modified CC method and, furthermore, showed the presence of E. coli in 59 of the 60 (98.3%) orange juice replicates that were examined. In contrast, the standard MPN method was only able to quantify detectable levels of E. coli in eight of 12 tests. The modified CC procedure was faster, required less media and reagents, enabled analysis of 10 ml samples and was more reliable than the standard MPN method for determining the presence or absence of E. coli in artificially contaminated orange juice.Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Weagant, S D AU - Feng, P C AD - Food and Drug Administration, Pacific Regional Laboratory Northwest, Bothell, WA, 98021-4421, USA Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 111 EP - 115 PB - Academic Press VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - detection KW - fruit juices KW - pasteurization KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Fruit juices KW - Most probable number KW - Tests KW - Escherichia coli KW - Food contamination KW - Pasteurization KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18271676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparative+analysis+of+a+modified+rapid+presence%2Fabsence+test+and+the+standard+MPN+method+for+detecting+Escherichia+coli+in+orange+juice&rft.au=Weagant%2C+S+D%3BFeng%2C+P+C&rft.aulast=Weagant&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ffmic.2001.0460 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Food contamination; Most probable number; Tests; Pasteurization; Fruit juices DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/fmic.2001.0460 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inaccuracy of area sampling for measuring the dust exposure of mining machine operators in coal mines AN - 16152366; 5461449 AB - This study examines the accuracy of area sampling for measuring the dust exposure of mining machine operators in coal mines. The specific objective of this research was to find locations where an area sampler might work better than earlier studies have indicated. The results show that fixed-location area sampling cannot accurately predict the dust exposure of a machine operator, even when the best fixed location is sought, the fixed location is quite close to the operator and the bias due to the dust concentration gradient is corrected. Industrial hygienists have known for many years that area sampling is unsuitable for measuring air contaminant exposures in the workplace. Near contaminant sources, the dilution air and the contaminants are not evenly mixed. Therefore, when workers are near contaminant sources, exposure measurements must be taken from the worker's breathing zone to be accurate. JF - Mining Engineering AU - Kissell, F N AU - Sacks, H K AD - Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 33 EP - 39 VL - 54 IS - 2 SN - 0026-5187, 0026-5187 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Air sampling KW - Coal KW - Mining KW - Occupational exposure KW - Dust KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16152366?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mining+Engineering&rft.atitle=Inaccuracy+of+area+sampling+for+measuring+the+dust+exposure+of+mining+machine+operators+in+coal+mines&rft.au=Kissell%2C+F+N%3BSacks%2C+H+K&rft.aulast=Kissell&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mining+Engineering&rft.issn=00265187&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air sampling; Mining; Coal; Dust; Occupational exposure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field measurement of lead in workplace air and paint chip samples by ultrasonic extraction and portable anodic stripping voltammetry AN - 16137653; 5396933 AB - On-site measurement of lead in workplace air filter samples and paint chip samples by ultrasonic extraction and anodic stripping voltammetry (UE-ASV) was evaluated in the field during renovation and remodeling activities in residences having leaded paint. Aerosol and paint samples were collected using standard techniques, and the samples were analyzed on-site for lead content by portable UE-ASV. Lead in sample extracts was subsequently determined by atomic absorption (AA) spectrometry in a fixed-site laboratory. The remaining sample extracts plus undissolved material (air filters or paint particles) were then subjected to hot plate digestion in concentrated nitric acid-30% hydrogen peroxide prior to AA analysis for lead. Field UE-ASV lead data were thereby compared to UE-AA and hot plate digestion-AA results from fixed-site laboratory lead measurement. Determination of lead in air filter samples by UE-ASV (over the range of 5 mu g to similar to 800 mu g Pb per sample) was extremely well correlated with lead measurement by UE-AA and hot plate digestion-AA procedures. However, a significant negative bias associated with ASV measurement was observed, and this was attributed to a matrix effect. Lead measurement in paint chip samples by UE-ASV (over the range of similar to 10 to similar to 550 mu g Pb g super(-1)) was well correlated with lead measurement by UE-AA and hot plate digestion-AA procedures. However, correlation and precision were lower for lead measurement in paint samples as compared to aerosol samples, and a negative bias was also observed. Lead measurements by UE-AA were compared to lead determinations by hot plate digestion-AA; these data were highly correlated and demonstrated no significant bias. Thus it was concluded that the ultrasonic extraction procedure performed equivalently to hot plate digestion. It was reasoned that matrix effects due to the preparation and analysis of paint chip particles resulted in greater imprecision as well as negative bias by ASV measurement. Despite significant negative bias in this sample set, UE-ASV offers promise for on-site measurement of lead in samples of interest in occupational and environmental health. JF - Journal of Environmental Monitoring AU - Sussell, A AU - Ashley, K AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, KAshley@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 156 EP - 161 VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Heavy metals KW - Air sampling KW - Lead KW - Occupational exposure KW - Paints KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16137653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.atitle=Field+measurement+of+lead+in+workplace+air+and+paint+chip+samples+by+ultrasonic+extraction+and+portable+anodic+stripping+voltammetry&rft.au=Sussell%2C+A%3BAshley%2C+K&rft.aulast=Sussell&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=156&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fb109070b LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heavy metals; Air sampling; Occupational exposure; Lead; Paints DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b109070b ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemoprotection by phenolic antioxidants. Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha induction in macrophages. AN - 71413620; 11694529 AB - Phenolic antioxidants exhibit anti-inflammatory activity in protection against chemical toxicity and cancer. To investigate the molecular mechanism of anti-inflammation, we analyzed the regulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) expression in macrophages, a key step in inflammation, by the antioxidants. Whereas lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an inflammatory inducer, stimulates rapid synthesis of TNF-alpha protein, phenolic antioxidants, exemplified by tert-butyl hydroquinone and 1,4-dihydroquinone, block LPS-induced production of TNF-alpha protein in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of TNF-alpha induction correlates with the capacity of the antioxidants to undergo oxidation-reduction cycling, implicating oxidative signaling in the inhibition. The antioxidants blocked LPS-induced increase of the steady-state mRNA of TNF-alpha but did not affect the half-life of the mRNA. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay reveals a total inhibition of LPS-induced formation of nuclear factor kappaB.DNA binding complexes by phenolic antioxidants. Finally, 1,4-dihydroquinone blocks the induction of TNF-alpha target genes interleukin 1beta and interleukin 6 at both mRNA and protein levels. Our findings demonstrate that phenolic antioxidants potently inhibit signal-induced TNF-alpha transcription and suggest a mechanism of anti-inflammation by the antioxidants through control of cytokine induction during inflammation. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Ma, Qiang AU - Kinneer, Krista AD - Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. qam1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/01/25/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 25 SP - 2477 EP - 2484 VL - 277 IS - 4 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - 1,4-dihydroquinone KW - 0 KW - Antioxidants KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Hydroquinones KW - Interleukin-1 KW - Interleukin-6 KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - NF-kappa B KW - Quinones KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Phenol KW - 339NCG44TV KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - 2-tert-butylhydroquinone KW - C12674942B KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Quinones -- chemistry KW - Blotting, Northern KW - Cell Nucleus -- metabolism KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- pharmacology KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - Interleukin-6 -- metabolism KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Mice KW - Protein Binding KW - Interleukin-1 -- metabolism KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Models, Chemical KW - Interleukin-6 -- biosynthesis KW - Time Factors KW - Hydroquinones -- chemistry KW - Signal Transduction KW - Cell Line KW - NF-kappa B -- metabolism KW - NF-kappa B -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Phenol -- pharmacology KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Macrophages -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71413620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Chemoprotection+by+phenolic+antioxidants.+Inhibition+of+tumor+necrosis+factor+alpha+induction+in+macrophages.&rft.au=Ma%2C+Qiang%3BKinneer%2C+Krista&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=Qiang&rft.date=2002-01-25&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=2477&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-25 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - c-Src-dependent activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway by arsenic. Role in carcinogenesis. AN - 71403164; 11723127 AB - Environmental or occupational exposure to arsenic is associated with a greatly increased risk of skin, urinary bladder, and respiratory tract cancers in arseniasis-endemic areas throughout the world. Arsenic shares many properties of tumor promoters by affecting specific cell signal transduction pathways responsible for cell proliferation. The activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway is important in mediating gene expression related to regulation of cellular growth. In the current studies, we demonstrate that arsenic activates EGFR and ERK in a human uroepithelial cell line. The EGFR phosphorylation by arsenic is ligand-independent and does not involve the major autophosphorylation site Tyr(1173). c-Src activity is also induced by arsenic and is a prerequisite for the EGFR and ERK activation. Consistent with these in vitro observations, exposure of mice to arsenic in drinking water, which has been found previously to be associated with AP-1 activation and epithelial proliferation, induces EGFR and ERK activation in the urinary bladder. This response is also accompanied with an increase in c-Src levels interacting with EGFR. These findings represent a potential pathway for mediating arsenic-induced phenotypic changes in the uroepithelium. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Simeonova, Petia P AU - Wang, Shiyi AU - Hulderman, Tracy AU - Luster, Michael I AD - TMBB, HELD, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. PSimeonova@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/01/25/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 25 SP - 2945 EP - 2950 VL - 277 IS - 4 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Ligands KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 KW - Tyrosine KW - 42HK56048U KW - Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor KW - EC 2.7.10.1 KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src) KW - EC 2.7.10.2 KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.24 KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Urogenital Neoplasms -- enzymology KW - Animals KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Models, Biological KW - Phenotype KW - Phosphorylation KW - Time Factors KW - Cell Division KW - Active Transport, Cell Nucleus KW - Urinary Tract -- drug effects KW - Enzyme Activation KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Precipitin Tests KW - Protein Binding KW - Epithelium -- drug effects KW - Binding Sites KW - Tyrosine -- chemistry KW - Blotting, Western KW - MAP Kinase Signaling System KW - Urinary Tract -- metabolism KW - Transfection KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Epithelium -- metabolism KW - Female KW - Cell Line KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src) -- chemistry KW - Arsenic -- chemistry KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71403164?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=c-Src-dependent+activation+of+the+epidermal+growth+factor+receptor+and+mitogen-activated+protein+kinase+pathway+by+arsenic.+Role+in+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Simeonova%2C+Petia+P%3BWang%2C+Shiyi%3BHulderman%2C+Tracy%3BLuster%2C+Michael+I&rft.aulast=Simeonova&rft.aufirst=Petia&rft.date=2002-01-25&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=2945&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-25 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - IL-4 receptors on human medulloblastoma tumours serve as a sensitive target for a circular permuted IL-4-Pseudomonas exotoxin fusion protein AN - 907158289; 14934242 AB - Cytotoxins directed to interleukin-4 receptors have shown to mediate relatively selective cytotoxicity against a variety of human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. In an ongoing Phase I clinical trial, a recombinant protein comprised of circularly permuted IL-4 fused to a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin (the fusion protein termed IL-4(38-37)-PE38KDEL or cpIL4-PE) has shown antitumour activity against malignant glioma. Human medulloblastomas are neuroectodermal tumours that occur in children and have a poor prognosis. The goal of this study was to determine whether human medulloblastoma derived cell lines express interleukin-4 receptor and whether interleukin-4 receptor expression is accompanied by sensitivity to cpIL4-PE. Medulloblastoma cell lines express interleukin-4 receptor at the protein and mRNA levels as determined by binding, indirect immunofluorescence and RT-PCR studies. These cells expressed IL-4R alpha (also known as IL-4R beta ) and IL-13R alpha 1 (also known as IL-13R alpha ') chains, however common gamma sub(c), a component of the interleukin-4 receptor system in immune cells was not detected. Consistent with the expression of IL-4R, cpIL4-PE was found to be highly and specifically cytotoxic to four of five medulloblastoma cell lines. Susceptibility of medulloblastoma cell lines to cpIL4-PE seemed to correlate closely to the functional IL-4 binding sites in general as demonstrated by super(125)I-IL-4 binding, but did not seem to correlate with mRNA or cell surface immunoreactive receptor protein expression. The sensitivity of medulloblastoma cells to cpIL4-PE could be eliminated by concurrent incubation with IL-4 or IL-13, but not with IL-2. None of these cell lines showed any change in proliferation upon treatment with exogenous IL-4. These studies establish the interleukin-4 receptor as a medulloblastoma-associated target for possible tumour-directed cancer therapy. Further studies are warranted to investigate interleukin-4 receptor expression in primary medulloblastoma tumours and sensitivity to cpIL-4PE in vitro and in vivo.BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER: (2002) 86, 285-291. DOI: 10.1038/sj/bjc/6600034 www.bjcancer.com[copy 2002 The Cancer Research Campaign JF - British Journal of Cancer AU - Joshi, B H AU - Leland, P AU - Silber, J AU - Kreitman, R J AU - Pastan, I AU - Berger, M AU - Puri, R K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumour Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics, Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, NIH Building 29B, Room 2NN10, 29 Lincoln Dr., Bethesda, Maryland, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 2002/01/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 21 SP - 285 EP - 291 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building London N1 9XW UK VL - 86 IS - 2 SN - 0007-0920, 0007-0920 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Cell surface KW - Interleukin 4 KW - Interleukin 2 KW - Cytotoxins KW - Prognosis KW - Pseudomonas KW - Tumors KW - Immunofluorescence KW - Children KW - Clinical trials KW - Exotoxins KW - mRNA KW - Brain tumors KW - Interleukin 13 KW - Cytotoxicity KW - Medulloblastoma KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Fusion protein KW - Glioma KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/907158289?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Cancer&rft.atitle=IL-4+receptors+on+human+medulloblastoma+tumours+serve+as+a+sensitive+target+for+a+circular+permuted+IL-4-Pseudomonas+exotoxin+fusion+protein&rft.au=Joshi%2C+B+H%3BLeland%2C+P%3BSilber%2C+J%3BKreitman%2C+R+J%3BPastan%2C+I%3BBerger%2C+M%3BPuri%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Joshi&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-01-21&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=British+Journal+of+Cancer&rft.issn=00070920&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.bjc.6600034 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cell surface; Interleukin 4; Interleukin 2; Cytotoxins; Prognosis; Immunofluorescence; Tumors; Children; Clinical trials; Exotoxins; mRNA; Brain tumors; Cytotoxicity; Interleukin 13; Medulloblastoma; Polymerase chain reaction; Glioma; Fusion protein; Pseudomonas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6600034 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of apoptosis by chemotherapeutic drugs without generation of reactive oxygen species. AN - 71436073; 11795881 AB - Studies in a variety of cell types have suggested that cancer chemotherapy drugs induce tumor cell apoptosis in part by inducing formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using human B lymphoma cells as the targets, we have found that apoptosis can be induced in the absence of any detectable oxidative stress. Apoptosis was induced with the chemotherapy drugs VP-16 and cisplatin. To determine whether oxidants are formed as part of the drug-induced apoptotic process, intracellular markers of oxidative stress were examined. These included measurement of (1) protein carbonyl groups by Western blot immunoassay, (2) protein methionine sulfoxide residues by amino acid analysis, (3) protein sulfhydryl oxidation by Western blot immunoassay, (4) F2-isoprostanes by GC/MS, and (5) intracellular ROS production using the oxidant-sensitive dyes DCFDA and dihydrorhodamine 123. Apoptosis was quantified using fluorescence microscopy to assess nuclear morphology. The results show that VP-16 and cisplatin induce extensive apoptosis in the absence of any detectable protein or lipid oxidation, measured in both the cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments of the cell. In contrast, H2O2, which kills the cells by nonapoptotic pathways, caused increases in both protein and lipid oxidation. Three different antioxidant compounds (N-acetyl cysteine, Tempol, and MnTBAP) failed to inhibit VP-16-induced apoptosis, while inhibiting H2O2-induced cell death. Only N-acetyl cysteine inhibited cisplatin-induced cell death and this is attributed to its known ability to react directly with and inactivate cisplatin before it enters the cell. The results demonstrate that, at least in B lymphoma cells, chemotherapy-induced apoptosis occurs using a mechanism that does not involve oxidants. (c)2002 Elsevier Science. JF - Archives of biochemistry and biophysics AU - Sentürker, Sema AU - Tschirret-Guth, Richard AU - Morrow, Jason AU - Levine, Rod AU - Shacter, Emily AD - Laboratory of Immunology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 2002/01/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 15 SP - 262 EP - 272 VL - 397 IS - 2 SN - 0003-9861, 0003-9861 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Antioxidants KW - Cyclic N-Oxides KW - F2-Isoprostanes KW - Metalloporphyrins KW - Oxidants KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Spin Labels KW - manganese(III)-tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin KW - Etoposide KW - 6PLQ3CP4P3 KW - Methionine KW - AE28F7PNPL KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Cisplatin KW - Q20Q21Q62J KW - tempol KW - U78ZX2F65X KW - Acetylcysteine KW - WYQ7N0BPYC KW - methionine sulfoxide KW - XN1XVI4B2C KW - Index Medicus KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - F2-Isoprostanes -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - Cyclic N-Oxides -- pharmacology KW - Metalloporphyrins -- pharmacology KW - Acetylcysteine -- pharmacology KW - Oxidants -- analysis KW - Etoposide -- pharmacology KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Apoptosis -- physiology KW - Methionine -- analysis KW - Cisplatin -- pharmacology KW - Methionine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Burkitt Lymphoma -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71436073?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+biochemistry+and+biophysics&rft.atitle=Induction+of+apoptosis+by+chemotherapeutic+drugs+without+generation+of+reactive+oxygen+species.&rft.au=Sent%C3%BCrker%2C+Sema%3BTschirret-Guth%2C+Richard%3BMorrow%2C+Jason%3BLevine%2C+Rod%3BShacter%2C+Emily&rft.aulast=Sent%C3%BCrker&rft.aufirst=Sema&rft.date=2002-01-15&rft.volume=397&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=262&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+biochemistry+and+biophysics&rft.issn=00039861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-25 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PHS guidelines for management of occupational exposure to HBV, HCV and HIV: HIV postexposure prophylaxis regimens. AN - 71414723; 11820492 JF - American family physician AU - Preboth, Monica AU - United States Public Health Service AD - United States Public Health Service Y1 - 2002/01/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 15 SP - 322 EP - 5 VL - 65 IS - 2 SN - 0002-838X, 0002-838X KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Health Personnel KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Hepatitis C -- prevention & control KW - Hepatitis B -- prevention & control KW - Hepatitis C -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional -- prevention & control KW - HIV-1 KW - Hepatitis B -- transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71414723?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+family+physician&rft.atitle=PHS+guidelines+for+management+of+occupational+exposure+to+HBV%2C+HCV+and+HIV%3A+HIV+postexposure+prophylaxis+regimens.&rft.au=Preboth%2C+Monica%3BUnited+States+Public+Health+Service&rft.aulast=Preboth&rft.aufirst=Monica&rft.date=2002-01-15&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=322&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+family+physician&rft.issn=0002838X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HIV-1 infection and risk of vulvovaginal and perianal condylomata acuminata and intraepithelial neoplasia: a prospective cohort study. AN - 71418962; 11809252 AB - Information about vulvovaginal and perianal condylomata acuminata and intraepithelial neoplasia in women infected with HIV-1 is needed to develop guidelines for clinical care. Our aim was to investigate the incidence of these lesions in HIV-1-positive and HIV-1-negative women and to examine risk factors for disease. In a prospective cohort study, 925 women had a gynaecological examination twice yearly-including colposcopy and tests for human papillomavirus DNA in cervicovaginal lavage-for a median follow-up of 3.2 years (IQR 0.98-4.87). Vulvovaginal and perianal condylomata acuminata or intraepithelial neoplasia were present in 30 (6%) of 481 HIV-1-positive and four (1%) of 437 HIV-1-negative women (p<0.0001) at enrollment. Women without lesions at enrollment were included in an incidence analysis. 33 (9%) of 385 HIV-1-positive and two (1%) of 341 HIV-1-negative women developed vulvovaginal or perianal lesions, resulting in an incidence of 2.6 and 0.16 cases per 100 person-years, respectively (relative risk 16, 95% CI 12.9-20.5; p < 0.0001). Risk factors for incident lesions included HIV-1 infection (p = 0.013), human papillomavirus infection (p=0.0013), lower CD4 T lymphocyte count (p = 0.0395), and history of frequent injection of drugs (p=0.0199). Our results suggest that HIV-1-positive women are at increased risk of development of invasive vulvar carcinoma. Thus, we recommend that, as part of every gynaecological examination, HIV-1-positive women should have a thorough inspection of the vulva and perianal region, and women with abnormalities-except for typical, exophytic condylomata acuminata-should undergo colposcopy and biopsy. JF - Lancet (London, England) AU - Conley, Lois J AU - Ellerbrock, Tedd V AU - Bush, Timothy J AU - Chiasson, Mary Ann AU - Sawo, Dorothy AU - Wright, Thomas C AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Surveillance, and Epidemiology, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA, USA. Y1 - 2002/01/12/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 12 SP - 108 EP - 113 VL - 359 IS - 9301 SN - 0140-6736, 0140-6736 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Therapeutic Irrigation KW - Humans KW - Biopsy KW - CD4 Lymphocyte Count KW - Mass Screening -- methods KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Prospective Studies KW - New York City -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Incidence KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - HIV Seronegativity KW - Colposcopy KW - Female KW - Survival Analysis KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Prevalence KW - Vaginal Diseases -- virology KW - Vaginal Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Condylomata Acuminata -- immunology KW - Anus Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms -- diagnosis KW - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections -- epidemiology KW - HIV-1 KW - Condylomata Acuminata -- epidemiology KW - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections -- immunology KW - Vulvar Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Vulvar Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia -- diagnosis KW - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms -- virology KW - Anus Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Vulvar Diseases -- immunology KW - Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia -- immunology KW - Anus Diseases -- virology KW - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections -- diagnosis KW - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections -- virology KW - Condylomata Acuminata -- diagnosis KW - Anus Diseases -- immunology KW - Vaginal Diseases -- immunology KW - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Vulvar Diseases -- virology KW - Vaginal Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia -- virology KW - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms -- immunology KW - Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia -- epidemiology KW - Condylomata Acuminata -- virology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71418962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=HIV-1+infection+and+risk+of+vulvovaginal+and+perianal+condylomata+acuminata+and+intraepithelial+neoplasia%3A+a+prospective+cohort+study.&rft.au=Conley%2C+Lois+J%3BEllerbrock%2C+Tedd+V%3BBush%2C+Timothy+J%3BChiasson%2C+Mary+Ann%3BSawo%2C+Dorothy%3BWright%2C+Thomas+C&rft.aulast=Conley&rft.aufirst=Lois&rft.date=2002-01-12&rft.volume=359&rft.issue=9301&rft.spage=108&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lancet+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=01406736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Lancet. 2002 Jun 8;359(9322):2040 [12076583] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of United States outbreak isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) PCR and development of a rapid PCR method for detection of O3:K6 isolates AN - 18264563; 5320426 AB - Outbreaks of Vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis in the United States (Texas, New York and Pacific Northwest) in 1997-98 emphasized the need to develop molecular methods for identification and differentiation of these organisms. When outbreak isolates were analyzed for the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequences, the Texas and New York outbreak isolates had a specific 850-bp DNA fragment that was absent in Pacific Northwest isolates. The 850-bp polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product was found in isolates of serovar O3:K6, which have an unusual potential to spread and cause infections. To develop a specific molecular detection method for serovar O3:K6, the nucleotide sequence of the 850-bp product was determined. The GenBank blast analysis did not show homology with any known Vibrio spp. gene sequences. Two PCR primers were designed to specifically amplify the unique sequences from serovar O3:K6 isolates. Genomic DNA from 10 Texas, eight New York, and seven Pacific Northwest outbreak isolates of V. parahaemolyticus was assayed by PCR. Texas and New York isolates were positive in the PCR assay, giving a 327-bp PCR product as predicted; however, Pacific Northwest isolates were negative, indicating the absence of the target gene. Texas and New York isolates were all serovar O3:K6; the Pacific Northwest isolates were not. The primers were tested with other Vibrio spp. and other closely related species and no amplification of the 327-bp PCR product was found. The PCR method can be used to specifically identify O3:K6 V. parahaemolyticus isolates in less than 6 h. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Khan, A A AU - McCarthy, S AU - Wang, Rong-Fu AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Division of Microbiology, US Food and Drug Administration, NCTR, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, akhan@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/01/10/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 10 SP - 209 EP - 214 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 206 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - USA, Pacific Northwest KW - USA, New York KW - Repeated sequence KW - Vibrio parahaemolyticus KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Primers KW - USA, Texas KW - Gastroenteritis KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - J 02704:Enumeration KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18264563?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+United+States+outbreak+isolates+of+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus+using+enterobacterial+repetitive+intergenic+consensus+%28ERIC%29+PCR+and+development+of+a+rapid+PCR+method+for+detection+of+O3%3AK6+isolates&rft.au=Khan%2C+A+A%3BMcCarthy%2C+S%3BWang%2C+Rong-Fu%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-01-10&rft.volume=206&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vibrio parahaemolyticus; USA, New York; USA, Pacific Northwest; USA, Texas; Repeated sequence; Nucleotide sequence; Gastroenteritis; Polymerase chain reaction; Primers ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cloning and characterization of the acidic ribosomal protein P2 from Cyclospora cayetanensis AN - 39476420; 3656276 AU - Montgomery, J M AU - Priest, J W AU - Arrowood, MJ AU - Lammie, P J Y1 - 2002/01/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 08 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39476420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+characterization+of+the+acidic+ribosomal+protein+P2+from+Cyclospora+cayetanensis&rft.au=Montgomery%2C+J+M%3BPriest%2C+J+W%3BArrowood%2C+MJ%3BLammie%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Montgomery&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-01-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Tropical Medicine, 60 Revere Dr., Suite 500, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA; phone: 847-480-9592; fax: 847-480-9282; email: astmh@astmh.org; URL: www.astmh.org. Poster Paper No. 211 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Serologic evidence for rodent-associated Bartonella causing febrile illnesses among residents of Western New Mexico AN - 39416238; 3656932 AU - Iralu, J AU - Crook, L AU - Kosoy, M AU - Ying, B AU - McKenzie, T AU - Tempest, B AU - Koster, F T Y1 - 2002/01/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 08 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39416238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Serologic+evidence+for+rodent-associated+Bartonella+causing+febrile+illnesses+among+residents+of+Western+New+Mexico&rft.au=Iralu%2C+J%3BCrook%2C+L%3BKosoy%2C+M%3BYing%2C+B%3BMcKenzie%2C+T%3BTempest%2C+B%3BKoster%2C+F+T&rft.aulast=Iralu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-01-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Tropical Medicine, 60 Revere Dr., Suite 500, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA; phone: 847-480-9592; fax: 847-480-9282; email: astmh@astmh.org; URL: www.astmh.org. Paper No. 817 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Migration inhibitory factor, IL-12, and IL-18 in relation to malaria anemia in a holoendemic Western Kenya AN - 39408673; 3656760 AU - Chaisavaneeyakorn, S AU - Othoro, C AU - Sift, Y P AU - Otieno, J AU - Chaiyaroj, S C AU - Nahlen, B L AU - Lal, A A AU - Udhayakumar, V Y1 - 2002/01/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 08 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39408673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Migration+inhibitory+factor%2C+IL-12%2C+and+IL-18+in+relation+to+malaria+anemia+in+a+holoendemic+Western+Kenya&rft.au=Chaisavaneeyakorn%2C+S%3BOthoro%2C+C%3BSift%2C+Y+P%3BOtieno%2C+J%3BChaiyaroj%2C+S+C%3BNahlen%2C+B+L%3BLal%2C+A+A%3BUdhayakumar%2C+V&rft.aulast=Chaisavaneeyakorn&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-01-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Tropical Medicine, 60 Revere Dr., Suite 500, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA; phone: 847-480-9592; fax: 847-480-9282; email: astmh@astmh.org; URL: www.astmh.org. Poster Paper No. 649 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Impairment of IL-12, but not IL-18 and IP-10 responses in the placenta of HIV and HIV/malaria co-infected women AN - 39406619; 3656050 AU - Chaisavaneeyakorn, S AU - Moore, J M AU - Otieno, J AU - Chaiyaroj, S C AU - Perkins, D J AU - Shi, Y P AU - Nahlen, B L AU - Lal, A A AU - Udhayakumar, V Y1 - 2002/01/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 08 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39406619?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Impairment+of+IL-12%2C+but+not+IL-18+and+IP-10+responses+in+the+placenta+of+HIV+and+HIV%2Fmalaria+co-infected+women&rft.au=Chaisavaneeyakorn%2C+S%3BMoore%2C+J+M%3BOtieno%2C+J%3BChaiyaroj%2C+S+C%3BPerkins%2C+D+J%3BShi%2C+Y+P%3BNahlen%2C+B+L%3BLal%2C+A+A%3BUdhayakumar%2C+V&rft.aulast=Chaisavaneeyakorn&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-01-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Tropical Medicine, 60 Revere Dr., Suite 500, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA; phone: 847-480-9592; fax: 847-480-9282; email: astmh@astmh.org; URL: www.astmh.org. Paper No. 26 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - International Cooperation on Harmonisation of Technical requirements for Approval of Veterinary Medicinal Products (VICH); final guidance on " Safety studies for veterinary drug residues in human food: reproduction toxicity testing" (VICH GL22); availability. Notice. AN - 72140448; 12365425 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is announcing the availability of a final guidance for industry (#115) entitled "Safety Studies for Veterinary Drug Residues in Human Food: Reproduction Toxicity Testing"(VICH GL22). This final guidance has been adapted for veterinary use by the International Cooperation on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Medicinal Products (VICH) from a guidance regarding pharmaceuticals for human use, which was adopted by the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Approval of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). This final VICH guidance document recommends a basic battery of tests that can be used to evaluate the reproduction safety of veterinary drug residues in human food. JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2002/01/04/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 04 SP - 603 EP - 605 VL - 67 IS - 3 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Veterinary Drugs KW - 0 KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Animals KW - European Union KW - Humans KW - Drug Approval KW - Drug Evaluation -- standards KW - Congresses as Topic KW - Japan KW - Veterinary Drugs -- toxicity KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - International Cooperation KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Food Contamination KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Toxicity Tests -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72140448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=International+Cooperation+on+Harmonisation+of+Technical+requirements+for+Approval+of+Veterinary+Medicinal+Products+%28VICH%29%3B+final+guidance+on+%22+Safety+studies+for+veterinary+drug+residues+in+human+food%3A+reproduction+toxicity+testing%22+%28VICH+GL22%29%3B+availability.+Notice.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2002-01-04&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-11 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - International Cooperation on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Approval of Veterinary Medicinal Products (VICH); final guidance for industry on "studies to evaluate the safety of residues of veterinary drugs in human food: genotoxicity testing" (VICH GL23); availability. Notice. AN - 72136557; 12358039 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is announcing the availability of a final guidance for industry (116) entitled "Studies to Evaluate the Safety of Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Human Food:Genotoxicity Testing" (VICH GL23). This final guidance has been adapted for veterinary use by the International Cooperation on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Medicinal Products(VICH) from a guidance regarding pharmaceuticals for human use, which was adopted by the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Approval of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). This final VICH guidance document recommends a basic battery of tests that can be used to evaluate the genotoxicity of veterinary drug residues in human food in the European Union, Japan, and the United States JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2002/01/04/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 04 SP - 602 EP - 603 VL - 67 IS - 3 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Veterinary Drugs KW - 0 KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Animals KW - European Union KW - Humans KW - Drug Approval KW - Drug Evaluation -- standards KW - Congresses as Topic KW - Japan KW - Veterinary Drugs -- toxicity KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - International Cooperation KW - Food Contamination KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- standards KW - Guidelines as Topic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72136557?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=International+Cooperation+on+Harmonisation+of+Technical+Requirements+for+Approval+of+Veterinary+Medicinal+Products+%28VICH%29%3B+final+guidance+for+industry+on+%22studies+to+evaluate+the+safety+of+residues+of+veterinary+drugs+in+human+food%3A+genotoxicity+testing%22+%28VICH+GL23%29%3B+availability.+Notice.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2002-01-04&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=602&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-11 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Allergic reaction to platinum in silicone breast implants. AN - 72862114; 12627791 AB - Platinum is used as a catalyst in the manufacture of silicone breast implants. Because platinum is recognized as a potent sensitizer in certain circumstances, some have expressed concern that women with silicone breast implants are exposed to platinum, which is causing allergic reactions. We searched the literature for information on the level of platinum in breast implants and reports of sensitization that clearly related to platinum in women with breast implants. We found no published report with convincing evidence that platinum causes allergic reactions in women with breast implants or that women with breast implants are any more likely to have allergic reactions than women without breast implants. JF - Journal of long-term effects of medical implants AU - Arepalli, Sambasiva R AU - Bezabeh, Shewit AU - Brown, S Lori AD - Division of General, Restorative, and Neurological Devices, Office of Device Evaluation, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 299 EP - 306 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 1050-6934, 1050-6934 KW - Silicones KW - 0 KW - Platinum KW - 49DFR088MY KW - Health technology assessment KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Humans KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Female KW - Breast Implants KW - Platinum -- adverse effects KW - Platinum -- urine KW - Drug Hypersensitivity KW - Platinum -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72862114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+long-term+effects+of+medical+implants&rft.atitle=Allergic+reaction+to+platinum+in+silicone+breast+implants.&rft.au=Arepalli%2C+Sambasiva+R%3BBezabeh%2C+Shewit%3BBrown%2C+S+Lori&rft.aulast=Arepalli&rft.aufirst=Sambasiva&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+long-term+effects+of+medical+implants&rft.issn=10506934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Asthma: the impact of policies on breathing easier. AN - 72803898; 12508512 AB - Asthma's impact on health, quality of life, and the economy is substantial, and asthma rates are increasing. Currently, there is no way to prevent the initial onset of asthma, and there is no cure. However, people who have asthma can and do lead high quality, productive lives if they control their asthma by taking medication and, as appropriate, avoid contact with environmental "triggers." These environmental triggers include cockroaches, dust mites, furry pets, mold, tobacco smoke, and certain chemicals. This article provides an overview of the asthma epidemic in the United States and its impact on communities. It also discusses federal, state, and local obstacles and approaches to asthma control and provides examples of recent state legislation related to asthma and the key factors in their enactment. JF - The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics AU - desVignes-Kendrick, Mary AU - Nolen, Janice AU - McClendon, Ruth Jones AU - Goodman, Andrew AD - City of Houston Department of Health and Human Services, Houston, Texas, USA. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 109 EP - 116 VL - 30 IS - 3 Suppl SN - 1073-1105, 1073-1105 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - Health technology assessment KW - Models, Organizational KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Animals KW - Cockroaches KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - State Health Plans -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Humans KW - Mites KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Pollen KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Air Pollution -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Public Health Administration -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Environmental Exposure -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Asthma -- prevention & control KW - Quality of Life KW - Environmental Exposure -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72803898?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+law%2C+medicine+%26+ethics+%3A+a+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Law%2C+Medicine+%26+Ethics&rft.atitle=Asthma%3A+the+impact+of+policies+on+breathing+easier.&rft.au=desVignes-Kendrick%2C+Mary%3BNolen%2C+Janice%3BMcClendon%2C+Ruth+Jones%3BGoodman%2C+Andrew&rft.aulast=desVignes-Kendrick&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3+Suppl&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+law%2C+medicine+%26+ethics+%3A+a+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Law%2C+Medicine+%26+Ethics&rft.issn=10731105&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-29 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - P21Waf1 control of epithelial cell cycle and cell fate. AN - 72795830; 12499239 AB - As a broad-acting cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21(WAF1) occupies a central position in the cell cycle regulation of self-renewing tissues such as oral mucosa and skin. In addition to regulating normal cell cycle progression decisions, p21(WAF1) integrates genotoxic insults into growth arrest and apoptotic signaling pathways that ultimately determine cell fate. As a result of its complex interactions with cell cycle machinery and response to mutagenic agents, p21(WAF1) also has stage-specific roles in epithelial carcinogenesis. Finally, a view is emerging of p21(WAF1) as not merely a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, but also as a direct participant in regulating genes involved in growth arrest, senescence, and aging, thus providing an additional layer of control over matters of the cell cycle. This review discusses these various roles played by p21(WAF1) in cell cycle control, and attempts to relate these to epithelial cell biology, with special emphasis on keratinocytes. JF - Critical reviews in oral biology and medicine : an official publication of the American Association of Oral Biologists AU - Weinberg, Wendy C AU - Denning, Mitchell F AD - Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, NIH Bldg 29B, Room 3NN04, HFM-564, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. weinberg@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 453 EP - 464 VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 1045-4411, 1045-4411 KW - CDKN1A protein, human KW - 0 KW - Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 KW - Cyclins KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Mutagens KW - Cyclin-Dependent Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.22 KW - Dentistry KW - Index Medicus KW - Keratinocytes -- physiology KW - Epithelial Cells -- physiology KW - Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Humans KW - Cell Cycle -- physiology KW - Apoptosis -- physiology KW - Cell Division -- physiology KW - Skin -- cytology KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Mouth Mucosa -- cytology KW - Mutagens -- pharmacology KW - Cyclins -- physiology KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Cyclin-Dependent Kinases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Cyclins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72795830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+reviews+in+oral+biology+and+medicine+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Oral+Biologists&rft.atitle=P21Waf1+control+of+epithelial+cell+cycle+and+cell+fate.&rft.au=Weinberg%2C+Wendy+C%3BDenning%2C+Mitchell+F&rft.aulast=Weinberg&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+reviews+in+oral+biology+and+medicine+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Oral+Biologists&rft.issn=10454411&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-28 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lack of chemoprevention of indole-3-carbinol in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats. AN - 72768435; 12484220 JF - IARC scientific publications AU - Kang, J K AD - National Institute of Toxicology Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Nokbun-dong, Eunpyung-ku, Seoul 122-704, South Korea. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 401 EP - 402 VL - 156 SN - 0300-5038, 0300-5038 KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents KW - 0 KW - Indoles KW - Methylnitrosourea KW - 684-93-5 KW - indole-3-carbinol KW - C11E72455F KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Random Allocation KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Incidence KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Adenocarcinoma -- epidemiology KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- epidemiology KW - Indoles -- therapeutic use KW - Adenocarcinoma -- prevention & control KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72768435?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.atitle=Lack+of+chemoprevention+of+indole-3-carbinol+in+N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced+mammary+carcinogenesis+in+rats.&rft.au=Kang%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=&rft.spage=401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.issn=03005038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-30 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of vaccines for bio-warfare agents. AN - 72755276; 12477312 AB - There is a recognized need for the development of new vaccines (as well as other biologicals and drugs) to counteract the effects of a potential bio-terrorist or bio-warfare event in the U.S. domestic population and military forces. Regulation of products to protect against potential bio-warfare agents poses unique challenges since the usual measures of efficacy that require exposure to natural disease may not currently be possible, for epidemiological and ethical reasons. To help to address this issue, the FDA has published and requested comments on a proposed animal rule intended to address certain efficacy issues for new agents for use against lethal or permanently disabling toxic substances. Recent product development activity has focused on Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) and variola major (smallpox), agents that are regarded as highest priority in posing a risk to national security. FDA resources exist to assist vaccine developers with regard to the novel challenges posed in the dinical development of these products. JF - Developments in biologicals AU - Rosenthal, S R AU - Clifford, J C M AD - Division of Vaccines and Related Products Applications, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, CBER/FDA, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. rosenthals@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 99 EP - 105 VL - 110 SN - 1424-6074, 1424-6074 KW - Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Drug Design KW - Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Biological Warfare UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72755276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+biologicals&rft.atitle=Development+of+vaccines+for+bio-warfare+agents.&rft.au=Rosenthal%2C+S+R%3BClifford%2C+J+C+M&rft.aulast=Rosenthal&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+biologicals&rft.issn=14246074&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutagenicity of food-derived carcinogens and the effect of antioxidant vitamins. AN - 72737591; 12467141 AB - The food-derived heterocyclic amines (HCAs) 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (MeIQ), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) are mutagenic in the Ames test and produce tumors in laboratory animals, including monkeys. These HCAs have also been shown to induce gene mutations in vivo. To assess the antimutagenic effects of dietary antioxidant vitamins, beta-carotene, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), on food-borne mutagenes/carcinogens, we evaluated the mutagenic activity of the compounds alone or combined with antioxidant vitamins. We utilized the rat lymphocyte mutation assay at the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (Hprt) locus. Female Fischer 344 rats treated with different doses (0, 2.5, 5.0, 25.0, and 50.0 mg/kg) of the carcinogens were sacrificed 5 wk after mutagen treatment. Although IQ and MeIQ slightly increased mutation frequency (MF) at some doses, a significant (P < 0.0009) increase in MF was found in animals exposed to MeIQx at 25 mg/kg. PhIP was the most mutagenic of the HCAs, with increases (P < 0.0001) in MF detected at all dose levels compared with controls. Because PhIP was the most mutagenic, it was selected for studies using the dietary antioxidant vitamins. Addition of antioxidant vitamins, singly or in a mixture, caused a significant (P < 0.0001) decrease in PhIP-induced Hprt MF. Vitamin E was the most effective at decreasing Hprt MF. In addition, we determined whether carcinogen metabolism would be affected by ingestion of vitamins. The activities of endogenous detoxification enzymes, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), were thus examined. Intake of beta-carotene and vitamin C without the carcinogen resulted in an increase (P < 0.05) in GPx activity. Also a modest increase in GPx activity was seen in animals that received the antioxidant mixture alone. Although the mechanisms of action of the antioxidants remain to be determined, the results indicate that dietary-derived HCA treatment induced MF in rat lymphocytes and suggest that antioxidants in food or taken as supplements could, in part, counteract such mutagenic activities. JF - Nutrition and cancer AU - Montgomery, Beverly A AU - Murphy, Jessica AU - Chen, James J AU - Desai, Varsha G AU - McGarrity, Lynda AU - Morris, Suzanne M AU - Casciano, Daniel A AU - Aidoo, Anane AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 103 EP - 110 VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0163-5581, 0163-5581 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Vitamins KW - Glutathione Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.9 KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - T-Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Cells, Cultured -- metabolism KW - Spleen -- metabolism KW - Glutathione Transferase -- drug effects KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Glutathione Peroxidase -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Mutagenesis -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Vitamins -- pharmacology KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Food UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72737591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+and+cancer&rft.atitle=Mutagenicity+of+food-derived+carcinogens+and+the+effect+of+antioxidant+vitamins.&rft.au=Montgomery%2C+Beverly+A%3BMurphy%2C+Jessica%3BChen%2C+James+J%3BDesai%2C+Varsha+G%3BMcGarrity%2C+Lynda%3BMorris%2C+Suzanne+M%3BCasciano%2C+Daniel+A%3BAidoo%2C+Anane&rft.aulast=Montgomery&rft.aufirst=Beverly&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+and+cancer&rft.issn=01635581&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Obesity exacerbates chemically induced neurodegeneration. AN - 72710937; 12453501 AB - Obesity is a major risk factor associated with a variety of human disorders. While its involvement in disorders such as diabetes, coronary heart disease and cancer have been well characterized, it remains to be determined if obesity has a detrimental effect on the nervous system. To address this issue we determined whether obesity serves as a risk factor for neurotoxicity. Model neurotoxicants, methamphetamine (METH) and kainic acid (KA), which are known to cause selective neurodegeneration of anatomically distinct areas of the brain, were evaluated using an animal model of obesity, the ob/ob mouse. Administration of METH and KA resulted in mortality among ob/ob mice but not among their lean littermates. While METH caused dopaminergic nerve terminal degeneration as indicated by decreased striatal dopamine (49%) and tyrosine hydroxylase protein (68%), as well as an increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein by 313% in the lean mice, these effects were exacerbated under the obese condition (96%, 86% and 602%, respectively). Similarly, a dosage of KA that did not increase glial fibrillary acidic protein in lean mice increased the hippocampal content of this protein (93%) in ob/ob mice. KA treatment resulted in extensive neuronal degeneration as determined by Fluoro-Jade B staining, decreased hippocampal microtubule-associated protein-2 immunoreactivity and increased reactive gliosis in ob/ob mice. The neurotoxic outcome in ob/ob mice remained exacerbated even when lean and ob/ob mice were dosed with METH or KA based only on a lean body mass. Administration of METH or KA resulted in up-regulation of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 to a greater extent in the ob/ob mice, an effect known to reduce ATP yield and facilitate oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. These events may underlie the enhanced neurotoxicity seen in the obese mice. In summary, our results implicate obesity as a risk factor associated with chemical- and possibly disease-induced neurodegeneration. JF - Neuroscience AU - Sriram, K AU - Benkovic, S A AU - Miller, D B AU - O'Callaghan, J P AD - HELD/TMBB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Mailstop L-3014, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 1335 EP - 1346 VL - 115 IS - 4 SN - 0306-4522, 0306-4522 KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein KW - 0 KW - Ion Channels KW - Membrane Transport Proteins KW - Microtubule-Associated Proteins KW - Mitochondrial Proteins KW - Neurotoxins KW - Proteins KW - UCP2 protein, human KW - Ucp2 protein, mouse KW - Uncoupling Protein 2 KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Kainic Acid KW - SIV03811UC KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Microtubule-Associated Proteins -- metabolism KW - Mice, Obese KW - Astrocytes -- drug effects KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- metabolism KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Presynaptic Terminals -- metabolism KW - Hippocampus -- drug effects KW - Neurons -- pathology KW - Presynaptic Terminals -- drug effects KW - Neostriatum -- drug effects KW - Neostriatum -- pathology KW - Astrocytes -- pathology KW - Kainic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Neurons -- metabolism KW - Hippocampus -- metabolism KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Proteins -- metabolism KW - Proteins -- drug effects KW - Neostriatum -- metabolism KW - Methamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Hippocampus -- pathology KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Female KW - Astrocytes -- metabolism KW - Brain -- physiopathology KW - Neurodegenerative Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Obesity -- metabolism KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Neurotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Neurotoxicity Syndromes -- physiopathology KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Neurotoxicity Syndromes -- metabolism KW - Obesity -- physiopathology KW - Neurotoxicity Syndromes -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72710937?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuroscience&rft.atitle=Obesity+exacerbates+chemically+induced+neurodegeneration.&rft.au=Sriram%2C+K%3BBenkovic%2C+S+A%3BMiller%2C+D+B%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Sriram&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuroscience&rft.issn=03064522&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in logging injury rates associated with use of feller-bunchers in West Virginia. AN - 72690462; 12429103 AB - It is well documented that logging is one of the most dangerous occupations and industries in which to work, and trees fellers are at greatest risk of injury. The objective of this study was to determine whether West Virginia (WV) logging companies experienced a reduction in injuries after beginning to use feller-bunchers (tree cutting machines, which replace some of the work done with a chainsaw) during harvesting operations. WV workers compensation claims and employment data from 1995 to 2000 were used to calculate injury rates. Injury trends in the rest of the WV logging industry, not using feller-bunchers, were also assessed. For 11 companies, the pre-feller-buncher injury claims rate was 19.4 per 100 workers and the post-feller-buncher rate was 5.2 per 100 workers. This was a significant difference, with an adjusted rate ratio of 2.8 (95% CI: 1.8-4.5) of pre to post claims. Struck by injuries also showed significant decline, with the pre-feller-buncher injury rate being 3.8 (95% CI: 1.8-8.2) times as great as post-feller-buncher rate. During the time of the study, the injury rate rose in the rest of the WV logging industry. The average cost of a workers compensation claim in the WV logging industry during the time of the study was approximately $10,400. As mechanization of logging tasks becomes more widespread, the WV logging industry as a whole may see substantial injury declines and a reduction in the total cost of injury claims. Struck by injuries, the most common and potentially fatal of logging injury types, appear to be particularly affected. However, logging operations in areas of very steep terrain where it is not possible to use these machines may need to rely on strategies other than feller-bunchers to reduce injuries. JF - Journal of safety research AU - Bell, Jennifer L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Analysis and Field Evaluations Branch, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS-1181, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. Jbell@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 463 EP - 471 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Poisson Distribution KW - Workers' Compensation -- statistics & numerical data KW - West Virginia -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Forestry -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72690462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+safety+research&rft.atitle=Changes+in+logging+injury+rates+associated+with+use+of+feller-bunchers+in+West+Virginia.&rft.au=Bell%2C+Jennifer+L&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=463&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+safety+research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-09 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biaxial flex-fatigue and viral penetration of natural rubber latex gloves before and after artificial aging. AN - 72667757; 12418018 AB - Barrier integrity of unaged and oven-aged (at 70 degrees C) natural rubber latex examination gloves was assessed with a biaxial flex-fatigue method where failure was detected electronically, and by live viral penetration testing performed according to a modified version of ASTM F1671-97a. When no change in barrier properties was detected during flex testing, no virus passage was found after viral challenge. Conversely, when a change in the barrier properties was indicated by the electrical signal, virus passage was found in 74% of the specimens. Flex-fatigue results indicated that unaged test specimens from powdered (PD) and powder-free (PF) nonchlorinated gloves had significantly longer fatigue lives than powder-free chlorinated (CL) gloves from the same manufacturer. Biaxial flexing of oven-aged glove specimens showed a marginal increase in fatigue life for the PF gloves, but no increase for the PD gloves. The fatigue life of the CL gloves was observed to increase significantly after oven aging. However, this appears to be due to a design feature of the test apparatus, wherein peak volume displacement of the worked specimen is held constant. An aging-induced change in the viscoelastic properties of the CL gloves-permanent deformation of the specimens early in the fatigue test-relieves the stress magnitude applied as the test progresses. Thus, permanent deformation acts as a confounding factor in measuring durability of latex gloves by fixed displacement flex-fatigue. Copyright 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. JF - Journal of biomedical materials research AU - Schwerin, Matthew R AU - Walsh, Donna L AU - Coleman Richardson, D AU - Kisielewski, Richard W AU - Kotz, Richard M AU - Routson, Licia B AU - David Lytle, C AD - Office of Science and Technology (HFZ-150), Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, 9200 Corporate Boulevard, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. mrs@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 739 EP - 745 VL - 63 IS - 6 SN - 0021-9304, 0021-9304 KW - Biocompatible Materials KW - 0 KW - Chlorine Compounds KW - Powders KW - Rubber KW - 9006-04-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Bacteriophage phi X 174 -- isolation & purification KW - Hot Temperature KW - Stress, Mechanical KW - Humans KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Materials Testing KW - Time Factors KW - Gloves, Protective -- adverse effects KW - Gloves, Protective -- virology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72667757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+biomedical+materials+research&rft.atitle=Biaxial+flex-fatigue+and+viral+penetration+of+natural+rubber+latex+gloves+before+and+after+artificial+aging.&rft.au=Schwerin%2C+Matthew+R%3BWalsh%2C+Donna+L%3BColeman+Richardson%2C+D%3BKisielewski%2C+Richard+W%3BKotz%2C+Richard+M%3BRoutson%2C+Licia+B%3BDavid+Lytle%2C+C&rft.aulast=Schwerin&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+biomedical+materials+research&rft.issn=00219304&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-13 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhancing foodborne disease surveillance across Australia in 2001: the OzFoodNet Working Group. AN - 72655706; 12416702 AB - In 2000, the OzFoodNet network was established to enhance surveillance of foodborne diseases across Australia. OzFoodNet consists of 7 sites and covers 68 per cent of Australia's population. During 2001, sites reported 15,815 cases of campylobacteriosis, 6,607 cases of salmonellosis, 326 cases of shigellosis, 71 cases of yersiniosis, 61 cases of listeriosis, 47 cases of shiga-toxin producing E. coli and 5 cases of haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Sites reported 86 foodborne outbreaks affecting 1,768 people, of whom 4.0 per cent (70/1,768) were hospitalised and one person died. There was a wide range of foods implicated in these outbreaks and the most common agent was S. Typhimurium. Sites reported two international outbreaks; one of multi-drug resistant S. Typhimurium Definitive Type 104 due to helva imported from Turkey, and one of S. Stanley associated with dried peanuts from China. The National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health conducted a national survey of gastroenteritis. Preliminary data from interviews of 2,417 people suggests that the incidence of foodborne illness is significantly higher than previously thought. OzFoodNet initiated case control studies into risk factors for Campylobacter, Salmonella, Listeria, and shiga-toxin producing E. coli. OzFoodNet developed a foodborne disease outbreak register for Australia; established a network of laboratories to type Campylobacter; prepared a survey of pathology laboratories; reviewed Australian data on listeriosis; and assessed the usefulness of sentinel surveillance for gastroenteritis. This program of enhanced surveillance has demonstrated its capacity to nationally investigate and determine the causes of foodborne disease. JF - Communicable diseases intelligence quarterly report AU - Ashbolt, Rosie AU - Givney, Rod AU - Gregory, Joy E AU - Hall, Gillian AU - Hundy, Rebecca AU - Kirk, Martyn AU - McKay, Ian AU - Meuleners, Lynn AU - Millard, Geoff AU - Raupach, Jane AU - Roche, Paul AU - Prasopa-Plaizier, Nittita AU - Sama, Mohinder K AU - Stafford, Russell AU - Tomaska, Nola AU - Unicomb, Leanne AU - Williams, Craig AU - OzFoodNet Working Group AD - Tasmanian Department of Health and Human Services, Hobart. ; OzFoodNet Working Group Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 375 EP - 406 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 1447-4514, 1447-4514 KW - Index Medicus KW - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious -- prevention & control KW - Australia -- epidemiology KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Listeriosis -- prevention & control KW - Aged KW - Dysentery, Bacillary -- epidemiology KW - Child KW - Population Surveillance -- methods KW - Infant KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Campylobacter Infections -- prevention & control KW - Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- prevention & control KW - Male KW - Listeriosis -- epidemiology KW - Yersinia Infections -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella Infections -- prevention & control KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious -- epidemiology KW - Campylobacter Infections -- epidemiology KW - Dysentery, Bacillary -- prevention & control KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Pregnancy KW - Child, Preschool KW - Global Health KW - Risk Factors KW - Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome -- prevention & control KW - Seasons KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Salmonella Infections -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Yersinia Infections -- prevention & control KW - Disease Notification -- standards KW - Food Microbiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- microbiology KW - Outcome Assessment (Health Care) KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72655706?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communicable+diseases+intelligence+quarterly+report&rft.atitle=Enhancing+foodborne+disease+surveillance+across+Australia+in+2001%3A+the+OzFoodNet+Working+Group.&rft.au=Ashbolt%2C+Rosie%3BGivney%2C+Rod%3BGregory%2C+Joy+E%3BHall%2C+Gillian%3BHundy%2C+Rebecca%3BKirk%2C+Martyn%3BMcKay%2C+Ian%3BMeuleners%2C+Lynn%3BMillard%2C+Geoff%3BRaupach%2C+Jane%3BRoche%2C+Paul%3BPrasopa-Plaizier%2C+Nittita%3BSama%2C+Mohinder+K%3BStafford%2C+Russell%3BTomaska%2C+Nola%3BUnicomb%2C+Leanne%3BWilliams%2C+Craig%3BOzFoodNet+Working+Group&rft.aulast=Ashbolt&rft.aufirst=Rosie&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Communicable+diseases+intelligence+quarterly+report&rft.issn=14474514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of two fatal occupational injury surveillance systems in the United States. AN - 72639511; 12404997 AB - Using different methods, two national systems compile fatal occupational injury data in the United States: the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities (NTOF) surveillance system, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI). The NTOF uses only death certificates, while CFOI uses multiple sources for case ascertainment. Through overall and case-by-case comparisons, this study compares these systems and evaluates counts for the nation and by state for worker and case characteristics. From 1992 through 1994, NTOF reported an average of 84% of the number of traumatic occupational fatalities reported in CFOI. This percentage changed somewhat when a case-by-case comparison was conducted--88% of the NTOF cases were matched directly to the CFOI cases. Although CFOI captured a larger number of fatalities annually, the additional fatalities did not follow a discernable pattern. By understanding the distribution of fatalities, targeted efforts to reduce them will benefit all industries. JF - Journal of safety research AU - Biddle, Elyce A AU - Marsh, Suzanne M AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS-1811, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 337 EP - 354 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - Index Medicus KW - Data Collection -- standards KW - Occupational Health KW - Data Collection -- methods KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Cause of Death KW - Age Distribution KW - Adult KW - Death Certificates KW - Occupations -- statistics & numerical data KW - Middle Aged KW - Censuses KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Sex Distribution KW - Female KW - Male KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Databases as Topic -- standards KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Population Surveillance -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72639511?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+safety+research&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+two+fatal+occupational+injury+surveillance+systems+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Biddle%2C+Elyce+A%3BMarsh%2C+Suzanne+M&rft.aulast=Biddle&rft.aufirst=Elyce&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+safety+research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-15 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemically induced neuronal damage and gliosis: enhanced expression of the proinflammatory chemokine, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, without a corresponding increase in proinflammatory cytokines(1). AN - 72632260; 12401343 AB - Enhanced expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines has long been linked to neuronal and glial responses to brain injury. Indeed, inflammation in the brain has been associated with damage that stems from conditions as diverse as infection, multiple sclerosis, trauma, and excitotoxicity. In many of these brain injuries, disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) may allow entry of blood-borne factors that contribute to, or serve as the basis of, brain inflammatory responses. Administration of trimethyltin (TMT) to the rat results in loss of hippocampal neurons and an ensuing gliosis without BBB compromise. We used the TMT damage model to discover the proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines that are expressed in response to neuronal injury. TMT caused pyramidal cell damage within 3 days and a substantial loss of these neurons by 21 days post dosing. Marked microglial activation and astrogliosis were evident over the same time period. The BBB remained intact despite the presence of multiple indicators of TMT-induced neuropathology. TMT caused large increases in whole hippocampal-derived monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 mRNA (1,000%) by day 3 and in MCP-1 (300%) by day 7. The mRNA levels for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6, cytokines normally expressed during the earliest stage of inflammation, were not increased up to 21 days post dosing. Lipopolysaccharide, used as a positive control, caused large inductions of cytokine mRNA in liver, as well as an increase in IL-1beta in hippocampus, but it did not result in the induction of astrogliosis. The data suggest that enhanced expression of the proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6, is not required for neuronal and glial responses to injury and that MCP-1 may serve a signaling function in the damaged CNS that is distinct from its role in proinflammatory events. JF - Neuroscience AU - Little, A R AU - Benkovic, S A AU - Miller, D B AU - O'Callaghan, J P AD - TMBB-HELD, MS 3014, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 307 EP - 320 VL - 115 IS - 1 SN - 0306-4522, 0306-4522 KW - Chemokine CCL2 KW - 0 KW - Chemokines KW - Cytokines KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Trimethyltin Compounds KW - trimethyltin KW - 1631-73-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cell Death -- physiology KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Trimethyltin Compounds -- adverse effects KW - Hippocampus -- metabolism KW - Inflammation -- chemically induced KW - Chemokines -- biosynthesis KW - Cell Death -- drug effects KW - RNA, Messenger -- biosynthesis KW - Hippocampus -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Inflammation -- metabolism KW - Hippocampus -- pathology KW - Male KW - Inflammation -- pathology KW - Gliosis -- pathology KW - Gliosis -- metabolism KW - Neurons -- metabolism KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Cytokines -- biosynthesis KW - Chemokine CCL2 -- biosynthesis KW - Gliosis -- chemically induced KW - Neurons -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72632260?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuroscience&rft.atitle=Chemically+induced+neuronal+damage+and+gliosis%3A+enhanced+expression+of+the+proinflammatory+chemokine%2C+monocyte+chemoattractant+protein+%28MCP%29-1%2C+without+a+corresponding+increase+in+proinflammatory+cytokines%281%29.&rft.au=Little%2C+A+R%3BBenkovic%2C+S+A%3BMiller%2C+D+B%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Little&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuroscience&rft.issn=03064522&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - U.S. Food and Drug Administration drug approval summaries: imatinib mesylate, mesna tablets, and zoledronic acid. AN - 72618282; 12401901 AB - The purpose of this report is to summarize information on drugs recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Three drugs have recently been approved: Gleevec (imatinib mesylate) at a starting dose of 400 or 600 mg daily for the treatment of malignant unresectable and/or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors; Mesnex (mesna) tablets as a prophylactic agent to reduce the incidence of ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis, and Zometa (zoledronic acid) for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma and for patients with documented bone metastases from solid tumors, in conjunction with standard antineoplastic therapy. Prostate cancer should have progressed after treatment with at least one hormonal therapy. The recommended dose and schedule is 4 mg infused over 15 minutes every 3-4 weeks. These three drugs represent three different types of drug approval: Gleevec is an accelerated approval and supplemental new drug application (NDA); Mesnex tablets represent an oral formulation of a drug approved 14 years ago as an intravenous formulation, and Zometa represents a standard NDA for a noncytotoxic, supportive-care drug. Information provided includes rationale for drug development, study design, efficacy and safety results, and pertinent literature references. JF - The oncologist AU - Cohen, Martin H AU - Dagher, Ramzi AU - Griebel, Donna J AU - Ibrahim, Amna AU - Martin, Alison AU - Scher, Nancy S AU - Sokol, Gerald H AU - Williams, Grant A AU - Pazdur, Richard AD - Division of Oncology Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. cohenm@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 393 EP - 400 VL - 7 IS - 5 SN - 1083-7159, 1083-7159 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating KW - Benzamides KW - Diphosphonates KW - Imidazoles KW - Piperazines KW - Protective Agents KW - Pyrimidines KW - zoledronic acid KW - 6XC1PAD3KF KW - Imatinib Mesylate KW - 8A1O1M485B KW - Mesna KW - NR7O1405Q9 KW - Ifosfamide KW - UM20QQM95Y KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Drug Approval KW - Ifosfamide -- adverse effects KW - Orphan Drug Production KW - Diphosphonates -- therapeutic use KW - Hematuria -- chemically induced KW - Hematuria -- prevention & control KW - Pyrimidines -- therapeutic use KW - Piperazines -- therapeutic use KW - Cystitis -- chemically induced KW - Gastrointestinal Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Cystitis -- prevention & control KW - Multiple Myeloma -- drug therapy KW - Hemorrhage -- chemically induced KW - Protective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Bone Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Imidazoles -- therapeutic use KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating -- adverse effects KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Bone Neoplasms -- secondary KW - Hemorrhage -- prevention & control KW - Mesna -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72618282?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+oncologist&rft.atitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+drug+approval+summaries%3A+imatinib+mesylate%2C+mesna+tablets%2C+and+zoledronic+acid.&rft.au=Cohen%2C+Martin+H%3BDagher%2C+Ramzi%3BGriebel%2C+Donna+J%3BIbrahim%2C+Amna%3BMartin%2C+Alison%3BScher%2C+Nancy+S%3BSokol%2C+Gerald+H%3BWilliams%2C+Grant+A%3BPazdur%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=393&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+oncologist&rft.issn=10837159&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The safety assessment process--setting the scene: an FDA perspective. AN - 72190715; 12388844 AB - The process by which the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) evaluates the safety/hazard potential of the products under its purview has evolved from a constellation of scientific research achievements in toxicology and related areas and a succession of historical events, some tragic, which encouraged dramatic changes in the oversight and regulation of foods, drugs, and cosmetics. The process is science based and has, over the years, achieved significant success in protecting human health. The authority by which the FDA provides pre- and postmarketing oversight of the products it regulates is established in the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, which has been amended extensively to broaden FDA's authority to include different products and product classes and to include oversight of safety and efficacy, greater stringency regarding reporting requirements, and enforcement processes. The structure of the agency, which comprises six regulatory components and a principal multidisciplinary research facility, is both practical and functional, providing regulatory oversight, regulatory guidance to industry, and fundamental and applied research. FDA's participation in different national and international scientific initiatives has helped bring focus to the prioritization, standardization, validation, and globalization of testing strategies and methodologies and the practical and widespread application of these initiatives to the regulation of consumer products. The agency is a leading advocate of alternative methods that refine procedures using animals to limit pain and distress, reduce and replace animal use in research and testing as scientifically appropriate and feasible, and have the potential to yield data comparable with or better than that obtained from conventional methods. The current scientific and technological advances and the rapidity with which they emerge offer new opportunities for the scientific community, industry, and regulatory authorities to alter current toxicological practices and promote the use of validated, reliable, and relevant alternative methods. JF - ILAR journal AU - Schechtman, Leonard M AD - Food and Drug Administration National Center for Toxicological Research, Rockville, MD, USA. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - S5 EP - 10 VL - 43 Suppl SN - 1084-2020, 1084-2020 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - International Cooperation KW - Toxicity Tests KW - United States Food and Drug Administration -- organization & administration KW - Consumer Product Safety -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Risk Assessment -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72190715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ILAR+journal&rft.atitle=The+safety+assessment+process--setting+the+scene%3A+an+FDA+perspective.&rft.au=Schechtman%2C+Leonard+M&rft.aulast=Schechtman&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=43+Suppl&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ILAR+journal&rft.issn=10842020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-25 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implementation of the 3Rs (refinement, reduction, and replacement): validation and regulatory acceptance considerations for alternative toxicological test methods. AN - 72189851; 12388858 AB - Toxicological testing in the current regulatory environment is steeped in a history of using animals to answer questions about the safety of products to which humans are exposed. That history forms the basis for the testing strategies that have evolved to satisfy the needs of the regulatory bodies that render decisions that affect, for the most part, virtually all phases of premarket product development and evaluation and, to a lesser extent, postmarketing surveillance. Only relatively recently have the levels of awareness of, and responsiveness to, animal welfare issues reached current proportions. That paradigm shift, although sluggish, has nevertheless been progressive. New and alternative toxicological methods for hazard evaluation and risk assessment have now been adopted and are being viewed as a means to address those issues in a manner that considers humane treatment of animals yet maintains scientific credibility and preserves the goal of ensuring human safety. To facilitate this transition, regulatory agencies and regulated industry must work together toward improved approaches. They will need assurance that the methods will be reliable and the results comparable with, or better than, those derived from the current classical methods. That confidence will be a function of the scientific validation and resultant acceptance of any given method. In the United States, to fulfill this need, the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) and its operational center, the National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM), have been constituted as prescribed in federal law. Under this mandate, ICCVAM has developed a process and established criteria for the scientific validation and regulatory acceptance of new and alternative methods. The role of ICCVAM in the validation and acceptance process and the criteria instituted toward that end are described. Also discussed are the participation of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the ICCVAM process and that agency's approach to the application and implementation of ICCVAM-recommended methods. JF - ILAR journal AU - Schechtman, Leonard M AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - S85 EP - S94 VL - 43 Suppl SN - 1084-2020, 1084-2020 KW - Bioethics KW - Index Medicus KW - Biomedical and Behavioral Research KW - Legal Approach KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Government Regulation KW - Animal Welfare KW - Animal Testing Alternatives -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Animal Testing Alternatives -- methods KW - Toxicity Tests -- methods KW - Animals, Laboratory UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72189851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ILAR+journal&rft.atitle=Implementation+of+the+3Rs+%28refinement%2C+reduction%2C+and+replacement%29%3A+validation+and+regulatory+acceptance+considerations+for+alternative+toxicological+test+methods.&rft.au=Schechtman%2C+Leonard+M&rft.aulast=Schechtman&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=43+Suppl&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ILAR+journal&rft.issn=10842020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-25 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Applied technique for increasing calicivirus detection in shellfish extracts. AN - 71949439; 12147071 AB - Optimal detection of enteric RNA viruses in clinical, environmental, and food products using reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) when inhibitory substances in extracted sample materials are present. We adapted a device for detection of RNA viruses in plant tissues and insects to detect a calicivirus strain (San Miguel sea lion virus, serotype 17) in water and oyster tissue extracts. This single, compartmentalized tube-within-a-tube (TWT) device for RT-PCR-nested PCR was compared to a conventional protocol of RT-PCR-nested PCR. In the presence of 100 mg of shellfish tissue extract equivalent, this TWT device decreases the calicivirus assay detection limit 10-fold over that of conventional RT-PCR-nested PCR while maintaining an identical detection limit of viral nucleic acid suspended in water. Both the conventional and TWT methods estimated the total particle-to-infectious particle ratio for this strain of calicivirus at approximately 40 : 1. We believe that the TWT device with appropriate RT-PCR primers will decrease the detection limit for other calicivirus strains and RNA viruses in shellfish tissue extracts. We believe that the TWT approach is applicable to other situations where RT and/or PCR inhibitory materials are present or nucleic acid targets of bacteria or viruses are at low levels in extracts of food products or clinical specimens. JF - Journal of applied microbiology AU - Burkhardt, W AU - Blackstone, G M AU - Skilling, D AU - Smith, A W AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, Dauphin Island, AL 36528-0158, USA. Wburkhar@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 235 EP - 240 VL - 93 IS - 2 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - RNA, Viral KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Food Contamination KW - RNA, Viral -- analysis KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction -- instrumentation KW - Ostreidae -- virology KW - Shellfish -- virology KW - Caliciviridae -- genetics KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- instrumentation KW - Caliciviridae -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71949439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+applied+microbiology&rft.atitle=Applied+technique+for+increasing+calicivirus+detection+in+shellfish+extracts.&rft.au=Burkhardt%2C+W%3BBlackstone%2C+G+M%3BSkilling%2C+D%3BSmith%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=Burkhardt&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+applied+microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-13 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreak of tick-borne relapsing fever at the north rim of the Grand Canyon: evidence for effectiveness of preventive measures. AN - 71943111; 12135272 AB - An outbreak of tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) originating at the North Rim of Grand Canyon National Park was investigated in 1990. To determine risk factors for the disease, almost 7,000 parties of visitors were surveyed; over half responded, representing > 10,000 people. Fifteen cases of confirmed or probable TBRF were identified in visitors and 2 in employees. All patients except one experienced symptoms after overnight stays in a group of cabins that had not been rodent-proofed after a TBRF outbreak in 1973 (relative risk for visitors [RR] 8.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-62). Seven cases of TBRF were associated with a single cabin (RR 98, 95% CI 30-219). Structural flaws and rodent nests were common in the implicated cabins and rare in unaffected cabins. This investigation suggests that measures to rodent-proof cabins at sites where TBRF is endemic prevent reinfestation of cabins by infected rodents and tick vectors, thereby preventing the spread of disease in humans. JF - The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene AU - Paul, W S AU - Maupin, G AU - Scott-Wright, A O AU - Craven, R B AU - Dennis, D T AD - Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522, USA. Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - January 2002 SP - 71 EP - 75 VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 0002-9637, 0002-9637 KW - Antibodies, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Arizona -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Seroepidemiologic Studies KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Antibodies, Bacterial -- blood KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Rodentia KW - Female KW - Male KW - Relapsing Fever -- blood KW - Borrelia -- isolation & purification KW - Disease Reservoirs KW - Environmental Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Relapsing Fever -- prevention & control KW - Relapsing Fever -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71943111?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+tropical+medicine+and+hygiene&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+tick-borne+relapsing+fever+at+the+north+rim+of+the+Grand+Canyon%3A+evidence+for+effectiveness+of+preventive+measures.&rft.au=Paul%2C+W+S%3BMaupin%2C+G%3BScott-Wright%2C+A+O%3BCraven%2C+R+B%3BDennis%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+tropical+medicine+and+hygiene&rft.issn=00029637&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The importance of understanding human misuse of veterinary medications. AN - 71926641; 12135151 JF - The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association AU - Paige, Joseph C AD - Division of Epidemiology, US Food and Drug Administration, USA. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 309 EP - 310 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0890-765X, 0890-765X KW - Veterinary Drugs KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Health Services Misuse KW - Humans KW - Drug and Narcotic Control -- methods KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing KW - Health Education -- methods KW - Drug Utilization KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71926641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+rural+health+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Rural+Health+Association+and+the+National+Rural+Health+Care+Association&rft.atitle=The+importance+of+understanding+human+misuse+of+veterinary+medications.&rft.au=Paige%2C+Joseph+C&rft.aulast=Paige&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+rural+health+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Rural+Health+Association+and+the+National+Rural+Health+Care+Association&rft.issn=0890765X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-13 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment On: J Rural Health. 2002 Spring;18(2):311-8 [12135152] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of ferric sulfate, formocresol, and a combination of ferric sulfate/formocresol in primary tooth vital pulpotomies: a retrospective radiographic survey. AN - 71916191; 12119812 AB - Studies have suggested that formocresol has toxic and carcinogenic potential. A search for an alternative medicament for primary tooth pulpotomies has led to ferric sulfate as a possible alternative. A retrospective study was done in a multipractitioner IHS (Indian Health Service) clinic. Radiographic success or failure was determined for 202 primary tooth pulpotomies performed with either formocresol, ferric sulfate, or a combination procedure of formocresol and ferric sulfate. The post-operative period for the pulpotomies ranged from one month to thirty-six plus months. There was no statistical difference in radiographic failure rates between formocresol, ferric sulfate, or the combination procedure when results were analyzed regardless of post-op period. However, when post-op periods were considered, formocresol performed better at > 36 months and the combination procedure showed significantly more failures at > 36 months. JF - ASDC journal of dentistry for children AU - Burnett, Spence AU - Walker, Jerry AD - Indian Health Service, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA. PY - 2002 SP - 12 EP - 8, 12 VL - 69 IS - 1 SN - 1945-1954, 1945-1954 KW - Drug Combinations KW - 0 KW - Ferric Compounds KW - Formocresols KW - formocresol KW - 37203-87-5 KW - ferric sulfate KW - 3HWS7HF5XD KW - Dentistry KW - Index Medicus KW - Pulpectomy -- statistics & numerical data KW - Treatment Failure KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Child KW - Indians, North American KW - Tooth Extraction -- statistics & numerical data KW - Arizona KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Radiography KW - Ferric Compounds -- adverse effects KW - Formocresols -- administration & dosage KW - Pulpotomy -- statistics & numerical data KW - Formocresols -- therapeutic use KW - Pulpotomy -- adverse effects KW - Ferric Compounds -- administration & dosage KW - Formocresols -- adverse effects KW - Dental Pulp -- diagnostic imaging KW - Pulpotomy -- methods KW - Tooth, Deciduous -- pathology KW - Ferric Compounds -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71916191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ASDC+journal+of+dentistry+for+children&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+ferric+sulfate%2C+formocresol%2C+and+a+combination+of+ferric+sulfate%2Fformocresol+in+primary+tooth+vital+pulpotomies%3A+a+retrospective+radiographic+survey.&rft.au=Burnett%2C+Spence%3BWalker%2C+Jerry&rft.aulast=Burnett&rft.aufirst=Spence&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ASDC+journal+of+dentistry+for+children&rft.issn=19451954&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometric analysis of incurred ractopamine residues in livestock tissues. AN - 71889504; 12112252 AB - Ractopamine HCl is a beta-adrenergic agonist (beta-agonist) recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, but not other governmental agencies, for use in finishing swine. For these reasons, it was important to develop and validate mass spectrometric methods for the detection and confirmation of ractopamine residues in livestock marker tissues. Incurred tissues in cattle, sheep, turkeys, and ducks were generated during 7-day ractopamine feeding (20 ppm in diets) periods. Disposition of ractopamine residues in liver and pigmented retinal epithelium was determined in animals slaughtered with withdrawal periods of 0, 3, and 7 days. Ractopamine residues, purified using solid-phase extraction, were measured using liquid chromatography (LC) and electrospray with detection by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in the multiple reaction-monitoring (MRM) mode. Total ractopamine residues (parent ractopamine + hydrolyzed conjugates) in liver were detected in all species on withdrawal day 0 (2-97 ppb) and were greatly diminished in all species by withdrawal day 7 (<1 ppb). Bovine and ovine retina had lower levels of ractopamine (0.5-3 ppb) than liver, and occular residues increased with withdrawal time, suggesting redistribution into this tissue. Lower limits of quantification were found to be approximately 0.1 ppb in liver and retina. Incurred ractopamine residues were confirmed by the precise and accurate agreement of MRM intensity ratios of diagnostic fragment ions (m/z 284, 164, and 121) from the protonated molecule between ractopamine residues in incurred samples and an authentic ractopamine standard. The limits of confirmation in liver and retina using recognized acceptance criteria were below 1 ppb. The high sensitivity and specificity for measurement and confirmation of ractopamine residues suggests this method will be applicable for regulatory residue surveillance programs. Copyright 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JF - Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM AU - Churchwell, Mona I AU - Holder, C Lee AU - Little, David AU - Preece, Steve AU - Smith, David J AU - Doerge, Daniel R AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 1261 EP - 1265 VL - 16 IS - 13 SN - 0951-4198, 0951-4198 KW - Growth Substances KW - 0 KW - Phenethylamines KW - ractopamine KW - 57370OZ3P1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Retina -- metabolism KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Turkeys KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Ducks KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Diet KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Retina -- chemistry KW - Phenethylamines -- pharmacokinetics KW - Phenethylamines -- administration & dosage KW - Growth Substances -- administration & dosage KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Drug Residues -- metabolism KW - Growth Substances -- analysis KW - Phenethylamines -- analysis KW - Growth Substances -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71889504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rapid+communications+in+mass+spectrometry+%3A+RCM&rft.atitle=Liquid+chromatography%2Felectrospray+tandem+mass+spectrometric+analysis+of+incurred+ractopamine+residues+in+livestock+tissues.&rft.au=Churchwell%2C+Mona+I%3BHolder%2C+C+Lee%3BLittle%2C+David%3BPreece%2C+Steve%3BSmith%2C+David+J%3BDoerge%2C+Daniel+R&rft.aulast=Churchwell&rft.aufirst=Mona&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=1261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rapid+communications+in+mass+spectrometry+%3A+RCM&rft.issn=09514198&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-15 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Renal failure associated with the use of celecoxib and rofecoxib. AN - 71875930; 12093311 AB - Celecoxib and rofecoxib are two relatively new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that selectively inhibit the cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) isoenzyme at therapeutic concentrations. The nephrotoxic potential of selective COX-2 inhibitors has not been clearly established. This study was conducted in order to understand the association between acute renal failure and the two COX-2 inhibitors celecoxib and rofecoxib. A search was performed in the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) to identify cases of renal failure submitted to the FDA. A MEDLINE search of the English language literature was also performed to identify published cases of renal failure associated with celecoxib and rofecoxib. One hundred twenty-two and 142 domestic US cases of celecoxib and rofecoxib-associated renal failure, respectively, were identified in the AERS database. The literature search identified 19 cases of acute renal impairment in association with celecoxib and rofecoxib. In addition, drug regulatory authorities in the UK, Canada, and Australia have received about 50 reports of renal failure with celecoxib and rofecoxib. Descriptive statistics of the AERS cases have been summarised in this report. Data from AERS and published case reports suggest that use of both these drugs is associated with renal effects similar to that of conventional nonselective NSAIDs. Physicians should be aware that serious or life-threatening renal failure has been reported in patients with normal or impaired renal function after short-term therapy with celecoxib and rofecoxib. Patients at greatest risk for renal injury are those with pre-existing renal impairment, heart failure, liver dysfunction, those taking diuretics and/or ACE inhibitors, and the elderly. Kidney function should be monitored closely for any signs of potential renal injuries soon after initiating treatment with these agents, especially in high-risk populations. In addition, healthcare practitioners should adequately warn patients of the signs and symptoms of serious renal toxicity, and of the need for them to see their physician promptly if they occur. Celecoxib and rofecoxib are not recommended for use in patients with advanced renal disease. JF - Drug safety AU - Ahmad, Syed R AU - Kortepeter, Cindy AU - Brinker, Allen AU - Chen, Min AU - Beitz, Julie AD - Division of Drug Risk Evaluation, Office of Drug Safety, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. ahmads@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 537 EP - 544 VL - 25 IS - 7 SN - 0114-5916, 0114-5916 KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal KW - 0 KW - Lactones KW - Pyrazoles KW - Sulfonamides KW - Sulfones KW - rofecoxib KW - 0QTW8Z7MCR KW - Celecoxib KW - JCX84Q7J1L KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - MEDLINE KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Lactones -- adverse effects KW - Sulfonamides -- adverse effects KW - Renal Insufficiency -- chemically induced KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71875930?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+safety&rft.atitle=Renal+failure+associated+with+the+use+of+celecoxib+and+rofecoxib.&rft.au=Ahmad%2C+Syed+R%3BKortepeter%2C+Cindy%3BBrinker%2C+Allen%3BChen%2C+Min%3BBeitz%2C+Julie&rft.aulast=Ahmad&rft.aufirst=Syed&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=537&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+safety&rft.issn=01145916&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A public health approach to the needs of children affected by terrorism. AN - 71679712; 11991421 AB - The devastating terrorist incidents of Pan Am Flight 103, the Oklahoma City bombing, the bombings of the embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, and the World Trade Center attack of September 11, 2001, have forever changed America. These terrorist acts have deeply shaken the sense of safety, security, and well-being of our surviving children and families. These terrorist acts may also have increased the public health risks of substance abuse and mental illness for our children. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration is responsible for strengthening prevention and treatment of substance abuse and mental illness in children and families. America's children may exhibit a wide range of emotional, physical, and psychological reactions following natural and man-made disasters. Large-scale disasters witnessed by children all underscore the need for a broad mental health and substance abuse public health approach. This approach is critical for our children's well-being. JF - Journal of the American Medical Women's Association (1972) AU - Baker, Duiona R AD - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 117 EP - 8, 121 VL - 57 IS - 2 SN - 0098-8421, 0098-8421 KW - Index Medicus KW - Health Services Needs and Demand KW - Mental Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Child Health Services KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Child, Preschool KW - Terrorism KW - Public Health KW - Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic -- etiology KW - Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic -- prevention & control KW - Child Welfare UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71679712?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Women%27s+Association+%281972%29&rft.atitle=A+public+health+approach+to+the+needs+of+children+affected+by+terrorism.&rft.au=Baker%2C+Duiona+R&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Duiona&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Women%27s+Association+%281972%29&rft.issn=00988421&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-06 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating the potential for recycling all PET bottles into new food packaging. AN - 71638249; 11962702 AB - To evaluate the feasibility of recycling all PET bottles into food packaging, realistic estimates of the maximum concentration of contaminants that might be expected in the polymer are needed. To estimate the maximum concentration of a contaminant that might be in PET from the storage of non-food substances, sorption experiments into two types of PET were performed. These test materials were 0.8mm thick amorphous PET (a relative sink for contaminants) and commercial PET bottle wall. Using a commercial shampoo containing 1% lindane (C6H6Cl6), the test materials were stored in contact with the shampoo at 20 and 40 degrees C for 231 days. This commercial shampoo also represents an extreme case because it contains 7% acetone, a solvent which swells PET, further enhancing sorption of chemicals. Additional sorption experiments into PET were performed by preparing solutions of 10% toluene in Miglyol (a fractionated coconut oil), 10% benzophenone in Miglyol, 5% 2-butoxyethoxy ethanol (2-BE) in 50/50 water/ethanol, and 10% methyl stearate in heptane. Sorption data from the shampoo into PET illustrate Fickian behaviour. Specifically, the amount of sorption at room temperature is approximately40 times less than that at 40 degrees C. The amount of lindane sorbed into PET from the shampoo after 231 days was 0.1 and 3.7 mgdm(-2) at 20 and 40 degrees C respectively. These values correspond to 28 and 765 mg kg(-1) on a mass/mass basis. All sorptions are within the ranges measured and published by other authors using surrogate contamination testing schemes. Additionally, actual bottles from recycle bins were analysed for the amout of contamination. Results are discussed in terms of potential consumer exposure to non-food contaminants in food containers made of recycled PET and in relation to the surrogate testing methods recommended by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for determining the compatibility of a PET recycling process to produce containers suitable for food-contact use. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Begley, T H AU - McNeal, T P AU - Biles, J E AU - Paquette, K E AD - Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Timothy.Begley@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 135 EP - 143 VL - 19 Suppl SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Polyethylene Terephthalates KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Feasibility Studies KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Humans KW - Absorption KW - Food Packaging -- standards KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Polyethylene Terephthalates -- chemistry KW - Equipment Reuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71638249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Evaluating+the+potential+for+recycling+all+PET+bottles+into+new+food+packaging.&rft.au=Begley%2C+T+H%3BMcNeal%2C+T+P%3BBiles%2C+J+E%3BPaquette%2C+K+E&rft.aulast=Begley&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=19+Suppl&rft.issue=&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the Tg.AC transgenic mouse assay for testing the human carcinogenic potential of pharmaceuticals--practical pointers, mechanistic clues, and new questions. AN - 71579851; 11936901 AB - Transgenic mouse strains with genetic alterations known to play a role in the multistage process of carcinogenesis are being used increasingly as models for evaluating the human carcinogenic potential of chemicals and pharmaceuticals. The Tg.AC transgenic mouse is one of the strains currently being used in such alternative short-term carcinogenicity testing protocols. This review is focused on recent data from studies designed to evaluate this model's ability to discriminate carcinogens from noncarcinogens. Details relating to protocol design that can significantly impact study outcome are described. Data relating to mechanisms of chemical tumor induction in the Tg.AC model are reviewed, and questions have been formulated to encourage research to further guide appropriate future applications of this model. JF - International journal of toxicology AU - Sistare, Frank D AU - Thompson, Karol L AU - Honchel, Ronald AU - DeGeorge, Joseph AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. sistare@cder.fda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 65 EP - 79 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 1091-5818, 1091-5818 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Genotype KW - Animals KW - Animal Testing Alternatives KW - Genes, ras -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Mice KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Skin Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Papilloma -- pathology KW - Skin Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- methods KW - Skin Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Papilloma -- genetics KW - Papilloma -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71579851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+toxicology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+Tg.AC+transgenic+mouse+assay+for+testing+the+human+carcinogenic+potential+of+pharmaceuticals--practical+pointers%2C+mechanistic+clues%2C+and+new+questions.&rft.au=Sistare%2C+Frank+D%3BThompson%2C+Karol+L%3BHonchel%2C+Ronald%3BDeGeorge%2C+Joseph&rft.aulast=Sistare&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+toxicology&rft.issn=10915818&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Electrospray mass spectrometry for fumonisin detection and method validation. AN - 71574504; 11922102 AB - Fumonisins are a structurally related group of mycotoxins, characterized by a 19-20 carbon aminopolyhydroxy-alkyl chain which is diesterified with propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid (tricarballylic acid). These mycotoxins are commonly found in corn and corn-based food products and have been linked to a variety of animal toxicities. The widespread prevalence of fumonisins and the toxicity associated with ingestion has resulted in a number of analytical methods for determining the amount of fumonisins present in foods. Among the most common of these methods are liquid chromatographic (LC) separation with fluorescence detection, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and LC/mass spectrometry. LC and ELISA give quantitative results while LC/MS provide quantitative analysis as well as confirmation of identity of the fumonisins. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Musser, Steven M AU - Eppley, Robert M AU - Trucksess, Mary W AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 95 EP - 105 VL - 504 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Tricarboxylic Acids KW - Index Medicus KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization KW - Fusarium -- chemistry KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Reference Standards KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Tricarboxylic Acids -- analysis KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71574504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Electrospray+mass+spectrometry+for+fumonisin+detection+and+method+validation.&rft.au=Musser%2C+Steven+M%3BEppley%2C+Robert+M%3BTrucksess%2C+Mary+W&rft.aulast=Musser&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=504&rft.issue=&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aflatoxin, hepatitis and worldwide liver cancer risks. AN - 71571344; 11922091 AB - Aflatoxins are among the most potent mutagenic and carcinogenic substances known. Differential potency of aflatoxin among species can be partially attributed to differences in metabolism; however, current information on competing aspects of metabolic activation and detoxification of aflatoxin in various species does not identify an adequate animal model for humans. Risk of liver cancer is influenced by a number of factors, most notably carriage of hepatitis B virus as determined by the presence in serum of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg+ or HBsAg-). About 50 to 100% of liver cancer cases are estimated to be associated with persistent infection of hepatitis B (or C) virus. The potency of aflatoxin in HBsAg+ individuals is substantially higher (about a factor of 30) than the potency in HBsAg- individuals. Thus, reduction of the intake of aflatoxins in populations with a high prevalence of HBsAg+ individuals will have greater impact on reducing liver cancer rates than reductions in populations with a low prevalence of HbsAg+ individuals. The present analysis suggests that vaccination against hepatitis B (or protection against hepatits C), which reduces prevalence of carriers, would reduce the potency of the aflatoxins in vaccinated populations and reduce liver cancer risk. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Henry, Sara H AU - Bosch, F Xavier AU - Bowers, J C AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 229 EP - 233 VL - 504 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - Hepatitis B -- complications KW - Hepatitis C -- complications KW - Humans KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- epidemiology KW - Liver Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Liver Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Aflatoxins -- adverse effects KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71571344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Aflatoxin%2C+hepatitis+and+worldwide+liver+cancer+risks.&rft.au=Henry%2C+Sara+H%3BBosch%2C+F+Xavier%3BBowers%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Henry&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=504&rft.issue=&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The product label: how pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics reach the prescriber. AN - 71571060; 11929317 AB - The product label, or package insert, is the 'manual' for the safe and effective use of a drug. Important pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a drug product should appear in the label under specific sections, as required in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), using a format and language recommended by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in various guidances to the industry. The relevant regulations and guidance documents impacting on how this information is conveyed to the healthcare professional are discussed, with special emphasis on how the new proposed rule will impact upon how information is to be conveyed. With the availability of new clinical pharmacology information not available at the time of approval, package inserts for older drugs should be updated to reflect the new data and recommend the proper dosage regimen, enabling prescribers to optimise drug therapy and minimise possible adverse events. JF - Clinical pharmacokinetics AU - Marroum, Patrick J AU - Gobburu, Jogarao AD - Division of Pharmaceutical Evaluation, Office of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. marroump@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 161 EP - 169 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0312-5963, 0312-5963 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Drug Approval -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Drug Interactions KW - Drug Industry -- standards KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Pharmacology, Clinical KW - Pharmacokinetics KW - Drug Prescriptions -- standards KW - Drug Labeling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Physician's Role KW - Drug Labeling -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71571060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+pharmacokinetics&rft.atitle=The+product+label%3A+how+pharmacokinetics+and+pharmacodynamics+reach+the+prescriber.&rft.au=Marroum%2C+Patrick+J%3BGobburu%2C+Jogarao&rft.aulast=Marroum&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+pharmacokinetics&rft.issn=03125963&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of processing on aflatoxin. AN - 71569647; 11922084 AB - Naturally occurring toxicant contamination of foods with mycotoxins is unavoidable and unpredictable and poses a unique challenge to food safety. Aflatoxins are toxic mold metabolites produced by toxigenic strains of Aspergillus species. Primary commodities susceptible to aflatoxin contamination include corn, peanuts and cottonseed and animal-derived foods such as milk when the animal is fed aflatoxin-contaminated feed. Risks associated with aflatoxin-contaminated foods can be reduced through the use of specific processing and decontamination procedures. Factors, which influence the effectiveness of a specific process or procedure, include the chemical stability of the mycotoxin(s), nature of the process, type and interaction with the food/feed matrix and interaction with multiple mycotoxins if present. Practical decontamination procedures must: 1) inactivate, destroy, or remove the toxin, 2) not produce or leave toxic residues in the food/feed, 3) retain the nutritive value of the food/feed, 4) not alter the acceptability or the technological properties of the product, and, if possible, 5) destroy fungal spores. For aflatoxins, multiple processing and/or decontamination schemes have been successful in reducing aflatoxin concentrations to acceptable levels. Physical cleaning and separation procedures, where the mold-damaged kernel/seed/nut is removed from the intact commodity, can result in 40-80% reduction in aflatoxins levels. Processes such as dry and wet milling result in the distribution of aflatoxin residues into less utilized fractions of the commodity. The ammoniation of aflatoxin-contaminated commodities has altered the concentrations as well as toxic and carcinogenic effects of aflatoxin by greater than 99%. Nonbiological materials such as selected anticaking agents covalently bind aflatoxins from aqueous suspensions, diminish aflatoxin uptake by animals, prevent acute aflatoxicosis, and decrease aflatoxin residues in milk. Ultimately, the best processing or decontamination process is one that is approved by regulatory agencies, cost-effective, and reduces the mycotoxin concentration to acceptable levels. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Park, Douglas L AD - Division of Natural Products, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 173 EP - 179 VL - 504 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Ammonia KW - 7664-41-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ammonia -- pharmacology KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Humans KW - Ammonia -- chemistry KW - Decontamination KW - Food Handling KW - Aflatoxins -- isolation & purification KW - Aflatoxins -- chemistry KW - Aflatoxins -- antagonists & inhibitors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71569647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+processing+on+aflatoxin.&rft.au=Park%2C+Douglas+L&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=504&rft.issue=&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - U.S. perspective on mycotoxin regulatory issues. AN - 71562792; 11922095 AB - Control programs set up by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for aflatoxin, an unavoidable natural contaminant produced by specific molds that invade a number of feedstuffs and basic foods, provide an example of forces that affect risk assessment and management strategies by a regulatory agency. More recently, on an international scale, efforts to establish international food standards for fumonisin, deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, and patulin, as well as for aflatoxin, demonstrate the complexity of developing regulations and/or standards designed to protect consumer health and ensure fair trade practices on a global scale. Current FDA regulations for aflatoxins address public health concerns for potential contamination in basic foods, residues in milk, and animal feeds for numerous commodities and applications. Regulatory limits, sampling and analytical procedures, decontamination and/or diversion to less risk uses for contaminated product are components of mycotoxin control programs. Current efforts by FDA to establish regulatory controls for deoxynivalenol, fumonisin, and patulin add further insight on the role that safety and risk assessment procedures play in the development of action levels and advisories for mycotoxins. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Park, Douglas L AU - Troxell, Terry C AD - Office of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 277 EP - 285 VL - 504 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Risk Assessment KW - Food Contamination -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Mycotoxins -- adverse effects KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71562792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=U.S.+perspective+on+mycotoxin+regulatory+issues.&rft.au=Park%2C+Douglas+L%3BTroxell%2C+Terry+C&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=504&rft.issue=&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hplc detection of patulin in apple juice with GC/MS confirmation of patulin identity. AN - 71560358; 11924597 AB - The official patulin LC procedure was further examined (AOAC 995.10). Juice or juice concentrate was extracted with ethyl acetate and cleaned up with sodium carbonate. Patulin in the dried extract was determined by reversed-phase LC with UV detection (280 nm) in 1% THF aqueous solution after evaporation of the ethyl acetate. An end-capped C18 column was required to separate patulin from hydroxymethylfurfural. Patulin was detected in approximately half of the >1000 extracts examined. Only ca 10% of the extracts contained patulin at levels greater than 50 microg/L (50 ppb). Some presumptive findings were confirmed by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry as the trimethyl silyl derivative using electron ionization or as underivatized patulin using negative ion chemical ionization. Trifluoropropylmethyl polysiloxane capillary columns provided superior gas chromatography of underivatized patulin compared to phenyl/methyl polysiloxane and methyl polysiloxane columns. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Roach, John A G AU - Brause, Allan R AU - Eisele, Thomas A AU - Rupp, Heidi S AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, CFSAN, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 135 EP - 140 VL - 504 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Patulin KW - 95X2BV4W8R KW - Index Medicus KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Beverages -- analysis KW - Patulin -- analysis KW - Malus -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71560358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Hplc+detection+of+patulin+in+apple+juice+with+GC%2FMS+confirmation+of+patulin+identity.&rft.au=Roach%2C+John+A+G%3BBrause%2C+Allan+R%3BEisele%2C+Thomas+A%3BRupp%2C+Heidi+S&rft.aulast=Roach&rft.aufirst=John+A&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=504&rft.issue=&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carcinogen-DNA adducts in human breast epithelial cells. AN - 71551809; 11921188 AB - Diet and environmental exposures are often regarded as significant etiologic factors in human breast cancer. Chemicals that may be involved in these exposures include heterocyclic amines, aromatic amines, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which also serve as strong mammary carcinogens in different animal models. In this study, we chose to quantify the major DNA adducts derived from one member of each of these classes of carcinogens, that is, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP), and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), respectively, in DNA isolated from exfoliated ductal epithelial cells in human breast milk. Milk was collected from healthy, nonsmoking mothers. The isolated DNA was digested to 3' nucleotides and subjected to (32)P-postlabeling. Adduct enrichment was achieved using Oasis Sep-Paks and the analyses were conducted by HPLC using radiometric detection. Critical to the analyses were the syntheses of bis(phosphate) standards for the C8-dG adducts of PhIP and ABP, and the N(2)-dG adduct of B[a]P, which were added to each reaction as UV markers. Of the 64 samples analyzed, adducts were found in 31 samples. Thirty samples contained detectable levels of PhIP adducts, with a mean value of 4.7 adducts/10(7) nucleotides; 18 were positive for ABP adducts with a mean value of 4.7 adducts/10(7) nucleotides; and 13 were found to contain B[a]P adducts with a mean level of 1.9 adducts/10(7) nucleotides. These data indicate that women are exposed to several classes of dietary and environmental carcinogens and that these carcinogens react with DNA in breast ductal epithelial cells, the cells from which most breast cancers arise. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Gorlewska-Roberts, K AU - Green, B AU - Fares, M AU - Ambrosone, C B AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 184 EP - 192 VL - 39 IS - 2-3 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - DNA Adducts KW - Imidazoles KW - benzo(a)pyrene-DNA adduct KW - 4-biphenylamine KW - 16054949HJ KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine KW - 909C6UN66T KW - Index Medicus KW - DNA Damage KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Imidazoles -- analysis KW - Female KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds -- analysis KW - Milk, Human -- cytology KW - Epithelial Cells -- chemistry KW - DNA Adducts -- analysis KW - Carcinogens -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71551809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Carcinogen-DNA+adducts+in+human+breast+epithelial+cells.&rft.au=Gorlewska-Roberts%2C+K%3BGreen%2C+B%3BFares%2C+M%3BAmbrosone%2C+C+B%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Gorlewska-Roberts&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=184&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-18 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - SK&F 95654-induced acute cardiovascular toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats--histopathologic, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical studies. AN - 71522799; 11890473 AB - The characteristics and pathogenesis of the cardiovascular toxicity induced by the type III selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor SK&F 95654 were examined in 2 studies. Sprague-Dawley rats received either a single sc injection of 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg SK&F 95654 and were euthanized at 24 hours after administration of the drug (Study 1), or were given a single subcutaneous (sc) injection of 100 mg/kg SK&F 95654 and euthanized at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8,12, 24 hours, or 2 weeks after treatment (Study 2). Control rats received either DMSO or saline. Myocardial lesions and vascular lesions of the mesentery, spleen, and pancreas were seen 24 hours after dosing with either 50,100, or 200 mg/kg SK&F 95654. The frequency and severity of these lesions (evaluated after the 100 mg/kg dose) increased with time over a period of 1 to 24 hours. By 2 weeks, the lesions subsided. Cardiac lesions consisted of myocyte necrosis with hypercontraction bands, inflammatory cell infiltration, interstitial hemorrhage, and interstitial edema. Vascular lesions of the mesentery were most prominent and consisted of vasodilatation and inflammation in the small-sized vessels, arterial medial necrosis and hemorrhage, and venous thrombosis. The vascular lesions included: leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, transendothelial migration of leukocytes, and inflammatory cell infiltration into vessel walls. Affected vessels included arteries, terminal arterioles, capillaries, postcapillary venules, and veins. Apoptosis of endothelial and smooth muscle cells was detected in the mesenteric vasculature by both TUNEL assay and electron microscopy. Evidence of endothelial cell activation in the mesenteric arteries and veins was also observed by electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical staining detected enhanced endothelial cell expression of intercellular adhesion molecule- 1 (ICAM- 1) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) in the mesenteric arteries and veins. Mast cells were noted to be more prevalent in affected mesenteric tissue from drug-treated animals. The present findings suggest that apoptosis of endothelial and smooth muscle cells, activation of endothelial cells, recruitment of mast cells, and increased expression of adhesion molecules are important factors to the overall pathogenesis of SK&F 95654-induced vasculitis. JF - Toxicologic pathology AU - Zhang, Jun AU - Herman, Eugene H AU - Knapton, Alan AU - Chadwick, Douglas P AU - Whitehurst, Virgil E AU - Koerner, John E AU - Papoian, Thomas AU - Ferrans, Victor J AU - Sistare, Frank D AD - Division of Applied Pharmacology Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. PY - 2002 SP - 28 EP - 40 VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors KW - Pyridazines KW - Pyridines KW - SK&F 95654 KW - 112127-66-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition Test KW - Cell Count KW - Myocardium -- pathology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Myocardium -- ultrastructure KW - Blood Vessels -- ultrastructure KW - Muscle, Smooth, Vascular -- pathology KW - Blood Vessels -- pathology KW - Mast Cells -- ultrastructure KW - Mast Cells -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - In Situ Nick-End Labeling KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Platelet Adhesiveness -- drug effects KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- pathology KW - Microscopy, Electron KW - Muscle, Smooth, Vascular -- ultrastructure KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- ultrastructure KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Male KW - Pyridazines -- toxicity KW - Pyridines -- toxicity KW - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- pathology KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71522799?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.atitle=SK%26amp%3BF+95654-induced+acute+cardiovascular+toxicity+in+Sprague-Dawley+rats--histopathologic%2C+electron+microscopic%2C+and+immunohistochemical+studies.&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Jun%3BHerman%2C+Eugene+H%3BKnapton%2C+Alan%3BChadwick%2C+Douglas+P%3BWhitehurst%2C+Virgil+E%3BKoerner%2C+John+E%3BPapoian%2C+Thomas%3BFerrans%2C+Victor+J%3BSistare%2C+Frank+D&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Jun&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Committee on Microbiology and Extraneous Materials. Food microbiology--non-dairy. AN - 71488509; 11878614 JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Hammack, Thomas S AU - Andrews, Wallace H AU - AOAC Committee on Microbiology and Extraneous Materials AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiological Studies, Washington, DC 20204, USA. thomas.hammack@cfsan.fda.gov ; AOAC Committee on Microbiology and Extraneous Materials PY - 2002 SP - 262 EP - 269 VL - 85 IS - 1 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ultrafiltration KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Fluorescent Antibody Technique KW - Immunoassay KW - Food Microbiology -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71488509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Committee+on+Microbiology+and+Extraneous+Materials.+Food+microbiology--non-dairy.&rft.au=Hammack%2C+Thomas+S%3BAndrews%2C+Wallace+H%3BAOAC+Committee+on+Microbiology+and+Extraneous+Materials&rft.aulast=Hammack&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=262&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-20 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Committee on Residues and Related Topics. Multiclass multiresidue methods for organic compounds. AN - 71488095; 11878612 JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Parfitt, Charles H AU - AOAC Committee on Residues and Related Topics AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Field Science, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. cparfitt@ora.fda.gov ; AOAC Committee on Residues and Related Topics PY - 2002 SP - 256 EP - 258 VL - 85 IS - 1 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Organic Chemicals KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nanotechnology KW - Food Analysis -- standards KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Organic Chemicals -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71488095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Committee+on+Residues+and+Related+Topics.+Multiclass+multiresidue+methods+for+organic+compounds.&rft.au=Parfitt%2C+Charles+H%3BAOAC+Committee+on+Residues+and+Related+Topics&rft.aulast=Parfitt&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=256&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-20 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicology of progestogens of implantable contraceptives for women. AN - 71479094; 11861049 AB - There are currently four progestogens used in implantable contraceptives marketed or tested in clinical trials: levonorgestrel in Norplant and Jadelle, etonogestrel (3-keto-desogestrel) in Implanon, nestorone in Elcometrine, and nomegestrol acetate in Uniplant and Surplant. Each progestogen was evaluated for hormonal activity and for safety in a wide variety of tests in vitro and in animals prior to their use in women. All four progestogens underwent pre-clinical testing that generally followed the format for animal testing of steroidal contraceptives published by the World Health Organization and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Most of the progestogens have been tested for genotoxicity in bacterial and mammalian cultured cells and in rodents. All were tested for toxicity in short- and long-term toxicology studies in rodents and dogs or monkeys, and all were tested for their effects on reproduction and fetal development. In most cases, the progestogens were tested for carcinogenicity in two rodent species, rats and mice. Early clinical trials in small numbers of women provided additional safety data prior to the exposure of large numbers of women in Phase 3 clinical trials. The published data and data submitted to the FDA demonstrate that the implantable progestogens have no significant or unusual toxicities and have a similar safety profile to the progestogens found in the approved oral contraceptives. JF - Contraception AU - Jordan, Alexander AD - Division of Reproductive & Urologic Drug Products, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Rockville, MD, USA. jordan@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - January 2002 SP - 3 EP - 8 VL - 65 IS - 1 SN - 0010-7824, 0010-7824 KW - Contraceptive Agents, Female KW - 0 KW - Drug Implants KW - Progesterone Congeners KW - Index Medicus KW - Models, Animal KW - Pregnancy Rate KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Humans KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Fertility -- drug effects KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects KW - Progesterone Congeners -- adverse effects KW - Progesterone Congeners -- chemistry KW - Contraceptive Agents, Female -- adverse effects KW - Progesterone Congeners -- toxicity KW - Contraceptive Agents, Female -- toxicity KW - Contraceptive Agents, Female -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71479094?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contraception&rft.atitle=Toxicology+of+progestogens+of+implantable+contraceptives+for+women.&rft.au=Jordan%2C+Alexander&rft.aulast=Jordan&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Contraception&rft.issn=00107824&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-30 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of a spontaneous adverse drug events database for identification of unanticipated drug benefits. AN - 71471230; 11823762 AB - We describe an examination of a spontaneous adverse events database in an effort to identify agents with possible hitherto unknown antiangiogenic properties. The surrogate end point was abnormal wound healing. This analysis represents use of this database for identification of a possibly useful in vivo side effect. Through thoughtful choice of end points, we believe spontaneous adverse events databases have the capacity for hypothesis generation in a search for unanticipated beneficial drug properties. JF - Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics AU - Brinker, Allen AU - Beitz, Julie AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Postmarketing Drug Risk Assessment, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - January 2002 SP - 99 EP - 102 VL - 71 IS - 1 SN - 0009-9236, 0009-9236 KW - Angiogenesis Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Pharmacoepidemiology -- methods KW - Humans KW - Angiogenesis Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Wound Healing -- drug effects KW - Databases, Factual UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71471230?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+spontaneous+adverse+drug+events+database+for+identification+of+unanticipated+drug+benefits.&rft.au=Brinker%2C+Allen%3BBeitz%2C+Julie&rft.aulast=Brinker&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.issn=00099236&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative three-dimensional reconstruction: feasibility for studies of sexually dimorphic hypothalamic development in rats. AN - 71454736; 11836074 AB - The adult rat brain develops through an interplay of neuronal proliferation with programmed cell death. Sensory stimulation, as well as growth factors and steroids, may alter the balance between these competing processes. "Endocrine disrupters" (EDs) may do the same by mimicry or modulation of endogenous hormones. The sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN) of the medial preoptic hypothalamus contains a high concentration of estrogen receptors (ERs). The SDN develops to a final adult volume, which may be used as an indication of the hormonal conditions during perinatal development. Although male rats have been repeatedly observed to have a greater adult SDN volume than female rats, variability between the actual measurements reported (both within and between laboratories) have been rather large. Exposure of female rats to testosterone (or excessive estradiol, beyond the binding capacity of alpha-fetoprotein) has been shown to masculinize them through a P450 aromatase that converts testosterone to estrogen in the SDN. Exposure of males to estradiol may feminize them at low doses through interference with the synthesis of their endogenous testosterone, which normally acts on SDN ERs following aromatization. We have employed computer-assisted reconstruction methods in order to render the SDN within the surrounding hypothalamus in 3-D for computation of its volume. Ongoing studies are investigating whether exposure through the diet to estrogenic endocrine disruptors such as genistein, nonylphenol, and ethinyl estradiol might produce effects similar to those of estradiol itself on the adult SDN. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Scallet, Andrew C AU - Meredith, John M AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicology Research/FDA, HTF-132, 3900 NCTR Drive, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. ascallet@nctr.fda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 81 EP - 85 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Feasibility Studies KW - Male KW - Female KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Imaging, Three-Dimensional -- methods KW - Hypothalamus -- anatomy & histology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71454736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Quantitative+three-dimensional+reconstruction%3A+feasibility+for+studies+of+sexually+dimorphic+hypothalamic+development+in+rats.&rft.au=Scallet%2C+Andrew+C%3BMeredith%2C+John+M&rft.aulast=Scallet&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-20 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects on brain and behavior caused by developmental exposure to endocrine disrupters with estrogenic effects. AN - 71454690; 11836066 JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Ferguson, Sherry A AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. sferguson@nctr.fda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 1 EP - 3 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Estrogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Endocrine System -- drug effects KW - Estrogens -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71454690?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Effects+on+brain+and+behavior+caused+by+developmental+exposure+to+endocrine+disrupters+with+estrogenic+effects.&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+Sherry+A&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=Sherry&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-20 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of lifelong dietary exposure to genistein or nonylphenol on amphetamine-stimulated striatal dopamine release in male and female rats. AN - 71428359; 11836070 AB - Estrogen modulates baseline and amphetamine-stimulated dopamine (DA) release in the adult female rat striatum. The isoflavone found in soybeans, genistein, is a phytoestrogen and may have comparable effects on striatal DA levels. Similarly, the industrial intermediate and potential endocrine disrupter, para-nonylphenol, has estrogen-like effects. Here, Sprague-Dawley rats were continuously exposed to phytoestrogen-free diets containing 0, 100, or 500 ppm genistein (Experiment 1) or 0 or 200, or 750 ppm nonylphenol (Experiment 2) beginning at conception and continuing throughout. To eliminate estrous cycle influences on DA levels, females were ovariectomized at adulthood. As adults, striatal levels of DA and its metabolites [3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA)] were measured in unanesthetized male and female rats via cerebral microdialysis before and for 200 min after an intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg/kg D-amphetamine. Although baseline 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels indicated an isolated effect in genistein-treated females, there were no meaningful differences among treatment groups in baseline levels of DA, DOPAC, or HVA. However, dietary exposure to 500 ppm genistein significantly potentiated amphetamine-stimulated DA release in males and a similar trend was apparent, but not statistically significant, in females. Dietary exposure to 200 or 750 ppm nonylphenol had no significant effects in males or females. These results suggest that dietary genistein exposure may act similarly to estradiol in augmenting amphetamine-stimulated DA release. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Ferguson, Sherry A AU - Flynn, Katherine M AU - Delclos, K Barry AU - Newbold, Retha R AU - Gough, Bobby J AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, HFT-132, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. sferguson@nctr.fda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 37 EP - 45 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Estrogens KW - Phenols KW - nonylphenol KW - 79F6A2ILP5 KW - Amphetamine KW - CK833KGX7E KW - Genistein KW - DH2M523P0H KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Microdialysis KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Ovariectomy KW - Diet KW - Amphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Estrogens -- agonists KW - Phenols -- pharmacology KW - Genistein -- pharmacology KW - Corpus Striatum -- metabolism KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71428359?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+lifelong+dietary+exposure+to+genistein+or+nonylphenol+on+amphetamine-stimulated+striatal+dopamine+release+in+male+and+female+rats.&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+Sherry+A%3BFlynn%2C+Katherine+M%3BDelclos%2C+K+Barry%3BNewbold%2C+Retha+R%3BGough%2C+Bobby+J&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=Sherry&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-20 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Internalization property of interleukin-4 receptor alpha chain increases cytotoxic effect of interleukin-4 receptor-targeted cytotoxin in cancer cells. AN - 71421520; 11801567 AB - Although the receptor for interleukin-4 (IL-4R) is highly expressed on solid human cancer cells, its significance and internalization function is still unclear. To address these issues, we reconstituted Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO-K1) cells with various components of the IL-4R by transient transfection and performed internalization assays using radiolabeled IL-4. Radiolabeled IL-4 internalized through the IL-4Ralpha chain in a time-dependent manner. When the IL-4Ralpha chain was cotransfected with the IL-13Ralpha1 or -gamma(c) chain, the IL-4 internalization level was identical to IL-4Ralpha transfectants, suggesting that the IL-4Ralpha chain plays a major role in IL-4 internalization. These results were confirmed by determining the cytotoxicity of a chimeric protein composed of IL-4 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin [IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL] in CHO-K1 cells transfected with increasing concentrations of IL-4Ralpha cDNA. To use the internalization property of the IL-4Ralpha chain in the context of IL-4R-targeted cytotoxin therapy, we transiently transfected pancreatic and brain tumor cells with IL-4Ralpha chain. Surprisingly, these tumor cells acquired 4-75-fold higher binding activity to IL-4 compared with control cells. Consequently, the cytotoxic activity of IL-4 toxin to these cancer cells was enhanced 5-13-fold compared with control cells as assessed by protein synthesis inhibition and clonogenic assays. Taken together, a combination approach that involves transfer of the IL-4Ralpha gene and IL-4R-targeted cytotoxin therapy may serve as a novel approach for cancer therapy. JF - Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research AU - Kawakami, Koji AU - Kawakami, Mariko AU - Leland, Pamela AU - Puri, Raj K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - January 2002 SP - 258 EP - 266 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1078-0432, 1078-0432 KW - Cytotoxins KW - 0 KW - Immunotoxins KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors KW - Receptors, Interleukin-4 KW - interleukin 4 (38-37)-PE38KDEL KW - Interleukin-4 KW - 207137-56-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - CHO Cells -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Radioligand Assay KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Endocytosis KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors -- metabolism KW - Interleukin-4 -- metabolism KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Transfection KW - Colony-Forming Units Assay KW - Female KW - Immunoenzyme Techniques KW - Cricetinae KW - Receptors, Interleukin-4 -- metabolism KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- metabolism KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- drug effects KW - Cytotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Immunotoxins -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71421520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Internalization+property+of+interleukin-4+receptor+alpha+chain+increases+cytotoxic+effect+of+interleukin-4+receptor-targeted+cytotoxin+in+cancer+cells.&rft.au=Kawakami%2C+Koji%3BKawakami%2C+Mariko%3BLeland%2C+Pamela%3BPuri%2C+Raj+K&rft.aulast=Kawakami&rft.aufirst=Koji&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=258&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=10780432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-11 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Staphylococcus aureus growth and enterotoxin A production in an anaerobic environment. AN - 71414953; 11808796 AB - The effects of strict anaerobic conditions on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and the production of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) were studied. The growth of S. aureus, a facultative anaerobic bacterium, is slower anaerobically than aerobically. When grown on brain heart infusion broth at 37 degrees C, the anaerobic generation time at mid-log phase was 80 min, compared with 35 min for the aerobic control. In contrast to previous studies demonstrating that staphylococcal cell density was 9- to 17-fold greater in aerobic than in anaerobic cultures, data for a staphylococcal strain implicated in food poisoning showed that the cell density was only two to three times as great in aerobic cultures. Production of SEA was monitored by Western immunoblotting and shown to be growth dependent. With slower anaerobic growth, relatively less toxin was produced than under aerobic conditions. but in both cases SEA was detected after 120 min of incubation. The combined effects of temperature and aeration on S. aureus were also studied. Growth and toxin production of aerobic and anaerobic cultures at temperatures ranging from 14 to 37 degrees C were analyzed. Growth was still observed at low temperatures in both environments. A linear model for S. aureus aerobic or anaerobic growth as a function of incubation temperature was developed from these studies. The model was tested from 17 to 35.5 degrees C, and the results suggest that the model can accurately predict the S. aureus growth rate in this temperature range. The data suggest that anaerobic conditions are not an effective barrier against S. aureus growth. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Belay, Negash AU - Rasooly, Avraham AD - Division of Microbiological Studies, US Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - January 2002 SP - 199 EP - 204 VL - 65 IS - 1 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Enterotoxins KW - 0 KW - enterotoxin A, Staphylococcal KW - 37337-57-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Staphylococcal Food Poisoning -- etiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Humans KW - Temperature KW - Staphylococcal Food Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Time Factors KW - Anaerobiosis KW - Enterotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Staphylococcus aureus -- growth & development KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Staphylococcus aureus -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71414953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Staphylococcus+aureus+growth+and+enterotoxin+A+production+in+an+anaerobic+environment.&rft.au=Belay%2C+Negash%3BRasooly%2C+Avraham&rft.aulast=Belay&rft.aufirst=Negash&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effectiveness of a closed-system device in containing surface contamination with cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide in an i.v. admixture area. AN - 71412387; 11813470 JF - American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists AU - Connor, Thomas H AU - Anderson, Roger W AU - Sessink, Paul J AU - Spivey, Susan M AD - Robert A. Taft Laboratories, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (MS-C23), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. twc6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/01/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 01 SP - 68 EP - 72 VL - 59 IS - 1 SN - 1079-2082, 1079-2082 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Cyclophosphamide KW - 8N3DW7272P KW - Fluorouracil KW - U3P01618RT KW - Ifosfamide KW - UM20QQM95Y KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Equipment Design KW - Infusions, Intravenous KW - Humans KW - Pharmacists KW - Fluorouracil -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Ifosfamide -- adverse effects KW - Cyclophosphamide -- adverse effects KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71412387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+health-system+pharmacy+%3A+AJHP+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Health-System+Pharmacists&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+a+closed-system+device+in+containing+surface+contamination+with+cyclophosphamide+and+ifosfamide+in+an+i.v.+admixture+area.&rft.au=Connor%2C+Thomas+H%3BAnderson%2C+Roger+W%3BSessink%2C+Paul+J%3BSpivey%2C+Susan+M&rft.aulast=Connor&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=68&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+health-system+pharmacy+%3A+AJHP+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Health-System+Pharmacists&rft.issn=10792082&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Waf-1 (p21) and p53 polymorphisms in breast cancer. AN - 71412227; 11815410 AB - p53 is a transcription factor for Waf-1/p21, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. Certain polymorphic variants of Waf-1 and p53 have been evaluated for their association with cancer risk. Previous studies indicated that certain p53 polymorphisms confer an increased risk of breast cancer [odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 2.9, 1.4-6.3 Carcinogenesis (Lond.), 17: 1313, 1996; 2.5, 1.3-4.8 Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev., 6: 105, 1997; and 1.5, 1.1-2.0, Anticancer Res., 18: 2095, 1998). The primary objectives of this study were to test the hypotheses that the serine variant (codon 31 polymorphism) of Waf-1 is also involved in this process and that there is an interaction between Waf-1 and p53 polymorphisms. To do this, Waf-1 and p53 genotypes were determined for women enrolled in a breast cancer case-control study (Caucasians, African-Americans and Latinas; 487 Waf-1 and 504 p53 genotypes were obtained). Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate possible associations between Waf-1 and p53 polymorphisms, race, and menopause. The primary aim was to determine whether an interaction between Waf-1 and p53(1-2-1) existed. Whereas multivariate analysis suggested associations between breast cancer and inheritance of Waf-1(ser31) in African-Americans (OR, 2.32; 95% CI = 0.66-5.60; n = 37 cases and 65 controls) and Latinas (OR, 2.22; 95% CI = 0.71-6.89; n = 30 cases and 75 controls), and inheritance of p53(1-2-1) in Caucasians (OR, 3.15; 95% CI = 1.14-8.89; n = 93 cases and 187 controls), we did not see an interaction between Waf-1(ser31) and p53(1-2-1). Consistent with the finding that p53(1-2-1) is a risk factor for Caucasian women was the observation of a strong interaction between race and p53 (P < 0.01). JF - Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology AU - Keshava, Channa AU - Frye, Bonnie L AU - Wolff, Mary S AU - McCanlies, Erin C AU - Weston, Ainsley AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - January 2002 SP - 127 EP - 130 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 1055-9965, 1055-9965 KW - CDKN1A protein, human KW - 0 KW - Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 KW - Cyclins KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Regression Analysis KW - Probability KW - Reference Values KW - Hispanic Americans -- genetics KW - Humans KW - European Continental Ancestry Group -- genetics KW - African Continental Ancestry Group -- genetics KW - Logistic Models KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Middle Aged KW - Female KW - Breast Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Breast Neoplasms -- ethnology KW - Genes, p53 -- genetics KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Cyclins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71412227?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+epidemiology%2C+biomarkers+%26+prevention+%3A+a+publication+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research%2C+cosponsored+by+the+American+Society+of+Preventive+Oncology&rft.atitle=Waf-1+%28p21%29+and+p53+polymorphisms+in+breast+cancer.&rft.au=Keshava%2C+Channa%3BFrye%2C+Bonnie+L%3BWolff%2C+Mary+S%3BMcCanlies%2C+Erin+C%3BWeston%2C+Ainsley&rft.aulast=Keshava&rft.aufirst=Channa&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+epidemiology%2C+biomarkers+%26+prevention+%3A+a+publication+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research%2C+cosponsored+by+the+American+Society+of+Preventive+Oncology&rft.issn=10559965&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004 Oct;13(10):1682 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a tractor cab using real-time aerosol counting instrumentation. AN - 71410942; 11800406 AB - Aerosol instrumentation was used to evaluate air infiltration into tractor cabs that are used to protect the agricultural worker during pesticide applications. Preliminary surveys were conducted on three different manufactured agriculture enclosures. The results of these preliminary surveys indicated that aerosols are entering the cab through leak sources or are being generated inside the cab. These results identified the need for in-depth field evaluations of tractor cabs to identify any leak sources. To evaluate the ability of tractor cabs to reduce operator air contaminant exposure, field evaluations were conducted on two tractor cabs. Specifically, we evaluated: 1) the particle size distribution and the effectiveness of the filter system; and 2) air infiltration into the cab. These evaluations were also conducted to demonstrate the ease and practicality of using optical particle counters to evaluate the ability of cabin filtration systems. Pesticide particle size distribution during an air blast spray operation was also evaluated during the study. The field tests were conducted on a John Deere 7000 series tractor cab (tractor manufacturer's cab) and a Nelson spraycab (retrofit cab). Both cabs were equipped with high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter media which were assumed to be 99.97 percent efficient at removing the test aerosol, atmospheric condensation nuclei. Thus, the major source of aerosols inside the cab was assumed to be leakage around filters at the seals. Using a portable dust monitor (PDM), the ratio of the outside to inside aerosol measurements was used to calculate a cab protection factor. During the evaluations, one PDM was placed inside the tractor cab (near the tractor operator) and one PDM was placed outside (near the air intake) to count particles. During the evaluations, the instruments were switched to prevent instrument bias from affecting the findings. The ratio of the two measurements (i.e., protection factor = outside concentration / inside concentration) was used to calculate how efficient the tractor cab was at removing aerosols. The John Deere cab was more than 99 percent efficient at removing aerosols larger than 3.0 microm in diameter and had protection factors greater than 260 for particles larger than 3.0 microm (indicated by the PDM results). The Nelson cab was more than 99 percent efficient at removing aerosols larger than 3.0 microm in diameter and had protection factors greater than 200 for particles larger than 3.0 microm (indicated by the PDM results). For aerosols smaller than 1.0 microm in diameter (indicated by a PortaCount Plus instrument), the John Deere cab provided a mean protection factor of 43 and the Nelson cab provided a mean protection factor of 16. The results from this study indicate that tractor cabs can be effective at removing different size aerosols depending on the seals and filters used with the enclosure. This study has also demonstrated the practical use of real-time aerosol counting instrumentation to evaluate the effectiveness of enclosures and to help identify leak sources. The method used in this study can be applied to various cabs used in different industries including agriculture, construction, and manufacturing. JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Hall, Ronald M AU - Heitbrink, William A AU - Reed, Laurence D AD - Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - January 2002 SP - 47 EP - 54 VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Index Medicus KW - Agriculture KW - Filtration KW - Equipment Design KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Air Movements KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Aerosols -- analysis KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71410942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+tractor+cab+using+real-time+aerosol+counting+instrumentation.&rft.au=Hall%2C+Ronald+M%3BHeitbrink%2C+William+A%3BReed%2C+Laurence+D&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of diesel exhaust controls. AN - 71410719; 11800399 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Roegner, Kevin AU - Sieber, W Karl AU - Echt, Alan AD - Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance Branch of NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - January 2002 SP - 1 EP - 7 VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - Sulfur Dioxide KW - 0UZA3422Q4 KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Nitrogen Dioxide KW - S7G510RUBH KW - Index Medicus KW - Nitric Oxide -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Ceramics KW - Filtration KW - Equipment Design KW - Sulfur Dioxide -- analysis KW - Volatilization KW - Carbon -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Air Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Vehicle Emissions -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71410719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+diesel+exhaust+controls.&rft.au=Roegner%2C+Kevin%3BSieber%2C+W+Karl%3BEcht%2C+Alan&rft.aulast=Roegner&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polymerase chain reaction detection of invasive Shigella and Salmonella enterica in food. AN - 71374746; 11692869 JF - Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) AU - Lampel, K A AU - Orlandi, P A AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 235 EP - 244 VL - 179 SN - 1064-3745, 1064-3745 KW - Antigens, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - Oligonucleotide Probes KW - ipaH protein, Shigella flexneri KW - Index Medicus KW - Electrophoresis, Agar Gel -- methods KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Nucleic Acid Hybridization -- methods KW - Shigella -- genetics KW - Salmonella enterica -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella enterica -- pathogenicity KW - Food Microbiology KW - Salmonella enterica -- genetics KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Shigella -- isolation & purification KW - Shigella -- pathogenicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71374746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Methods+in+molecular+biology+%28Clifton%2C+N.J.%29&rft.atitle=Polymerase+chain+reaction+detection+of+invasive+Shigella+and+Salmonella+enterica+in+food.&rft.au=Lampel%2C+K+A%3BOrlandi%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Lampel&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=179&rft.issue=&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Methods+in+molecular+biology+%28Clifton%2C+N.J.%29&rft.issn=10643745&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-13 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of the AIN-93M purified diet and dietary restriction on survival in Sprague-Dawley rats: implications for chronic studies. AN - 71359993; 11773515 AB - Survival, growth and dietary intake (DI) variables were monitored in a chronic 114-wk study in which male Sprague-Dawley rats [n = 120; National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) colony] consumed the AIN-93M purified diet ad libitum (AL), or an amount reduced by 31% of total AL intake inclusive of all macro- and micronutrients. The main objectives were to ascertain the survival characteristics of rats fed the AIN-93M diet and to determine whether dietary restriction (DR) increases longevity of rats fed this casein-based diet compared with the use of mixed-protein sources of the NIH-31 cereal-based diet in an earlier study. Body, liver, brain, the brain/body ratio, spleen, thymus and kidney weights, body length and body density were decreased (P < 0.05) by DR, whereas testis weight and skull length were not altered by DR. Significant age effects at 58 and 114 wk were found for body, brain, the brain/body ratio, liver and testis weights, and body density. Survival rates for the AL and 31% DR groups were 43.3 and 57.5%, respectively. Survival curves were not significantly different. The survival rate for AL rats fed the AIN-93M diet was not different from that of AL rats fed the NIH-31 diet (43.3 and 51.7%, respectively). However, the survival rate for 31% DR rats fed the AIN-93M diet was significantly lower than 25% DR rats fed the NIH-31 diet (57.5 and 87.5%, respectively) although both groups had similar body weights and energy intake at various ages. Nutritional components in the NIH-31 diet that are missing and/or reduced in the AIN-93M diet may interact with DR to increase 114-wk survival. Although the survivability, growth and anatomical results of this study suggest that the AIN-93M diet is suitable for chronic rodent studies, additional studies such as comprehensive histopathologic and physiologic investigations must be undertaken to complete the evaluation process. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Duffy, Peter H AU - Lewis, Sherry M AU - Mayhugh, Martha A AU - McCracken, Andy AU - Thorn, Brett T AU - Reeves, Philip G AU - Blakely, Shirley A AU - Casciano, Daniel A AU - Feuers, Ritchie J AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. pduffy@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - January 2002 SP - 101 EP - 107 VL - 132 IS - 1 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Dietary Proteins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Eating -- physiology KW - Animals KW - Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Animal Feed KW - Organ Size -- physiology KW - Longevity -- physiology KW - Male KW - Survival Analysis KW - Growth -- physiology KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Dietary Proteins -- administration & dosage KW - Food Deprivation -- physiology KW - Energy Intake -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71359993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Effect+of+the+AIN-93M+purified+diet+and+dietary+restriction+on+survival+in+Sprague-Dawley+rats%3A+implications+for+chronic+studies.&rft.au=Duffy%2C+Peter+H%3BLewis%2C+Sherry+M%3BMayhugh%2C+Martha+A%3BMcCracken%2C+Andy%3BThorn%2C+Brett+T%3BReeves%2C+Philip+G%3BBlakely%2C+Shirley+A%3BCasciano%2C+Daniel+A%3BFeuers%2C+Ritchie+J&rft.aulast=Duffy&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiation dose estimation for epidemiologic studies of flight attendants. AN - 71345953; 11757053 AB - NIOSH is conducting health studies of female flight attendants. Exposures of interest include cosmic radiation and circadian rhythm disruption, however, the data needed to estimate cumulative radiation dose are not found in work histories. We developed an algorithm to generate from work histories the required input data for Federal Aviation Administration radiation estimation software and evaluated whether effects of cumulative radiation dose could be distinguished analytically from effects of circadian rhythm disruption. The algorithm has relatively low bias (< 6%) for longer flights, which contribute most to cumulative radiation dose. In one NIOSH study, 44 crew incurred an estimated average annual occupational dose of 1.5-1.7 mSv. Selection of a study population flying predominantly North-South flights can provide the necessary distinction between radiation and time zone crossing exposures. Methods developed will be useful for exposure assessment in cabin crew studies with relatively short study periods, (e.g., reproductive health studies) for which limited flight history details are generally available. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Grajewski, Barbara AU - Waters, Martha A AU - Whelan, Elizabeth A AU - Bloom, Thomas F AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. BAG2@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - January 2002 SP - 27 EP - 37 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Travel KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Altitude KW - Circadian Rhythm KW - Humans KW - Aerospace Medicine KW - Epidemiologic Research Design KW - Female KW - Aircraft KW - Cosmic Radiation KW - Algorithms KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71345953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Radiation+dose+estimation+for+epidemiologic+studies+of+flight+attendants.&rft.au=Grajewski%2C+Barbara%3BWaters%2C+Martha+A%3BWhelan%2C+Elizabeth+A%3BBloom%2C+Thomas+F&rft.aulast=Grajewski&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-14 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Substance abuse in the workplace: epidemiology, effects, and industry response. AN - 71344065; 11726333 AB - The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) reveals self-reported information on illicit drug and alcohol use among full-time, part-time, and unemployed U.S. workers, including information on workplace policies, workers' health, productivity, absenteeism, job turnover rates, accidents, and injuries. Selected statistics from 1985, 1993, and 1999 NHSDAs are reviewed in this chapter, with focus on the effectiveness and outcomes of a comprehensive Drug-Free Workplace Program, including industry and employee response and the effects of a drug testing program. JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Bush, Donna M AU - Autry, Joseph H AD - Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. PY - 2002 SP - 13 EP - 25, iii VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health KW - Mass Screening KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Occupational Health Services -- methods KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Prognosis KW - Incidence KW - Workplace KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Industry KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Substance Abuse Detection KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- rehabilitation KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Health Promotion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71344065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=Substance+abuse+in+the+workplace%3A+epidemiology%2C+effects%2C+and+industry+response.&rft.au=Bush%2C+Donna+M%3BAutry%2C+Joseph+H&rft.aulast=Bush&rft.aufirst=Donna&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-27 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Legal issues facing physicians: substance abuse in the workplace. AN - 71324611; 11726341 AB - This chapter addresses key Department of Transportation (DOT) rules for drug testing employees working in industries regulated by the DOT. It also discusses the issue of substance abuse and the Americans with Disabilities Act. Finally, it reviews the iss e of confidentiality. It is important for the reader to recognize that this chapter is but a review of critical and crucial material. The reader is encouraged to pursue additional information if greater clarity and understanding are required. JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Clark, H Westley AU - Johnson, Barbara AD - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. PY - 2002 SP - 119 EP - 35, v VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Alcoholism -- rehabilitation KW - Mandatory Testing KW - Alcoholism -- diagnosis KW - Humans KW - Program Development KW - Workplace KW - Male KW - Female KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Mass Screening -- organization & administration KW - Physician's Role KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- rehabilitation KW - Substance Abuse Detection -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Occupational Medicine -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71324611?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=Legal+issues+facing+physicians%3A+substance+abuse+in+the+workplace.&rft.au=Clark%2C+H+Westley%3BJohnson%2C+Barbara&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-27 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Keeping Youth Drug Free. AN - 62206908; ED476056 AB - This guide is designed to help caregivers prevent children from getting involved in drugs. It details six key prevention principles, including actions caregivers can take that can help their child make healthy choices. Each section includes language to use with children, activities to do, information about drugs, statistics about youth drug use, and many resources for prevention information. It is designed for parents and caregivers of 7- to 13-year-olds. However, the materials and exercises also can work for other age groups. Contains a directory of federal and private sector resources. (GCP) Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 54 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Caregiver Child Relationship KW - Elementary Education KW - Prevention KW - Parent Materials KW - Parent Child Relationship KW - Decision Making KW - Drug Use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62206908?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Dealing with the Effects of Trauma: A Self-Help Guide. Recovering Your Mental Health Series. AN - 62203031; ED470357 AB - For many years, the traumatic things that happened to people were overlooked as a possible cause of frightening, distressing, and sometimes disabling emotional symptoms such as depression, anxiety, phobias, delusions, flashbacks, and being out of touch with reality. In recent years, many researchers and health care providers have become convinced of the connection between trauma and these symptoms. They are developing new treatment programs and revising old ones to better meet the needs of people who have had traumatic experiences. This booklet can help you to know if traumatic experiences in your life may be causing some or all of the difficult symptoms you are experiencing. It may give you some guidance in working to relieve these symptoms and share with you some simple and safe things you can do to help yourself heal from the effects of trauma. This booklet contains information, ideas, and strategies that people from all over the country have found to be helpful in relieving and preventing troubling feelings and symptoms. The information in this booklet can be used safely along with other health care treatment. (GCP) AU - Copeland, Mary Ellen Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 34 PB - Center for Mental Health Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane, Room 15-99, Rockville, MD 20857. KW - Traumas KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Emotional Disturbances KW - Self Help Programs KW - Depression (Psychology) KW - Anxiety KW - Mental Health KW - Stress Variables KW - Posttraumatic Stress Disorder UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62203031?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Consumer Information Series, Volume 7. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Action Planning for Prevention and Recovery: A Self-Help Guide. Recovering Your Mental Health Series. AN - 62201959; ED470356 AB - Many people who have troubling emotional, psychiatric, or physical symptoms have made great advances in learning how to do things to help themselves get well and stay well. The action plans for prevention and recovery described in this booklet were devised by people who experience emotional or psychiatric symptoms. They developed ways to deal with their need for structure in their lives that actively support their health. The plans are simple, low-cost, and can be changed and added to over time as you learn more and more. Action plans for prevention and recovery work because they are easy to develop and easy to use; are individualized; improve ones ability to communicate effectively with family members and health care providers; directly address the feelings, symptoms, circumstances, and events that are most troubling with plans to respond to them; renew ones sense of hope that things can and will get better. This booklet contains information, ideas, and strategies that people from all over the country have found to be helpful in relieving and preventing troubling feelings and symptoms. The information in this booklet can be used safely along with other health care treatment. (GCP) AU - Copeland, Mary Ellen Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 41 PB - Center for Mental Health Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane, Room 15-99, Rockville, MD 20857. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Prevention KW - Self Help Programs KW - Rehabilitation KW - Wellness KW - Individual Needs KW - Mental Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62201959?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Consumer Information Series, Volume 10. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Healthy Start, Grow Smart: Your Five-Month-Old. AN - 62201437; ED468147 AB - Distributed by the U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Education, and Health and Human Services, this pamphlet provides parents with information and advice about their infants in the fifth month of life. Following a brief description of developmental characteristics at this age, the pamphlet offers information on topics including infant medicines, avoiding baby bottle tooth decay, teething, playpens, sleep, brain development, and stimulating the baby with toys. The pamphlet also offers advice to parents on avoiding back strain while lifting a 5-month-old. A list of information resources for families concludes the pamphlet. (HTH) Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 32 PB - ED Pubs, U.S. Department of Education, P. O. Box 1398, Jessup, MD 20794-1398. KW - Brain Development KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Parents KW - Play KW - Cognitive Development KW - Infant Care KW - Parent Role KW - Child Health KW - Physical Development KW - Emotional Development KW - Child Safety KW - Parent Child Relationship KW - Child Rearing KW - Developmental Stages KW - Learning Activities KW - Infants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62201437?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - This publication was an initiative of Laura Bush a N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Buen Comienzo, Buen Futuro: El Bebe de Ocho Meses. (Healthy Start, Grow Smart: Your Eight-Month-Old). AN - 62200199; ED471282 AB - Distributed by the U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Education, and Health and Human Services, this Spanish-language pamphlet provides parents with information and advice about their infants in the eighth month of life. Following a brief description of developmental characteristics at this age, the pamphlet offers advice on a variety of topics, including: ways to keep baby safe, early intervention and baby's developing skills, reading to baby, teen parents, baby's brain, playing with an eight-month old, floor time, and questions parents ask. The pamphlet concludes with a list of relevant information resources for families. (HTH) Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 29 PB - ED Pubs, P.O. Box 1398, Jessup, MD 20794-1398. Tel: 877-433-7827 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-872-5327 (Toll Free); Fax: 301-470-1244; e-mail: edpubs@inet.ed.gov; Web site: http://www.ed.gov/pubs/edpubs.html. For full text: http://www.ed.gov/offices/OESE/earlychildhood/healthystart/. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Parents KW - Play KW - Cognitive Development KW - Parent Child Relationship KW - Infant Care KW - Child Rearing KW - Child Health KW - Childhood Needs KW - Physical Development KW - Child Safety KW - Multilingual Materials KW - Infants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62200199?accountid=14244 LA - Spanish DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - This publication was an initiative of Laura Bush a N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Buen Comienzo, Buen Futuro: El Bebe de Un Mes (Healthy Start, Grow Smart: Your One-Month-Old). AN - 62199582; ED468149 AB - This pamphlet, distributed by the U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Education, and Health and Human Services, is designed to provide parents with information and advice about their infants in the first month of life. The pamphlet provides information on ways the mother can take care of herself, the one-month checkup, early brain development, infant feeding, talking to the infant, child care selection, keeping a record of the infant's growth, and characteristics of the typical one-month-old. Guidelines are provided for parents to help their infant by encouraging exploration, being a teacher, communicating, ensuring the infant's safety, doing things repeatedly to facilitate learning, protecting the infant, and celebrating with their child. The pamphlet also discusses sleeping patterns, bowel habits, the use of baby powder, the infant's "people skills" and communication, ways to pamper the mother, and resource information for teenage parents. Information resources for families conclude the pamphlet. (KB) Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 32 PB - ED Pubs, P. O. Box 1398, Jessup, MD 20794-1398. Tel: 800-872-5327 (Toll Free); Fax: 301-470-1244; e-mail: edpubs@inet.ed.gov. For full text: http://www.ed.gov/offices/OESE/earlychildhood/healthystart/. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Parents KW - Parent Education KW - Parent Materials KW - Parent Child Relationship KW - Infant Care KW - Infant Behavior KW - Caregiver Speech KW - Child Health KW - Neonates KW - Pamphlets KW - Child Safety KW - Infants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62199582?accountid=14244 LA - Spanish DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - This publication was an initiative of Laura Bush a N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Electrical Safety: Safety and Health for Electrical Trades. Student Manual. AN - 62199555; ED472754 AB - This document is designed to teach learners in secondary and postsecondary electrical trades courses to recognize, evaluate, and control hazards associated with electrical work, The manual's eight sections each include some or all of the following components: instructional text; definitions; case studies illustrating key safety considerations; fact sheets; checklists; and a section summary. Sections 1-3 examine the dangers of electricity, the dangers of electrical shock, and electrical burns. Section 4 presents an overview of a three-stage model for recognizing hazards in workplaces where electrical work is performed, evaluating hazards, and controlling identified hazards. The following are among the specific topics covered in sections 5-8, which address the model's individual stages: (1) recognizing hazards (inadequate wiring, exposed electrical parts, overhead power lines, defective insulation, improper grounding, overloads, wet conditions); (2) evaluating hazards; (3) controlling hazards by developing a safe work environment (locking out and tagging out circuits and equipment; isolating energized components; insulating properly; using ground circuits and equipment); and (4) controlling hazards through safe work practices (work plans, safety plans, ladder safety, precautions in wet conditions, proper wiring, tool maintenance, personal protective equipment). A glossary, endnotes, and an appendix listing pertinent Occupational Health and Safety Administration standards are included. (MN) AU - Fowler, Thaddeus W. AU - Miles, Karen K. Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - January 2002 SP - 86 PB - NIOSH, Publications Dissemination, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998. Tel: 800-956-4674 (Toll Free); Fax: 513-533-8573; e-mail: pubstaft@cdc.gov; Web site: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh. For full text: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2002-123/pdfs/02-123.pdf. KW - Electrical Wiring KW - Occupational Safety and Health Administration KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Students KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Trade and Industrial Education KW - Integrated Curriculum KW - Labor Standards KW - Electricity KW - Job Performance KW - Models KW - Hazardous Materials KW - Occupational Safety and Health KW - Electrical Systems KW - Risk Management KW - Definitions KW - Behavioral Objectives KW - Work Environment KW - Electrical Occupations KW - Glossaries KW - Guidelines KW - Safety Equipment KW - Secondary Education KW - Safety Education KW - Risk KW - Instructional Materials KW - Learning Activities KW - Electricians KW - Check Lists KW - Accident Prevention UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62199555?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Color photographs may not copy well. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Healthy Start, Grow Smart, Your Ten-Month-Old. AN - 62199156; ED471281 AB - Distributed by the U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Education, and Health and Human Services, this pamphlet provides parents with information and advice about their infants in the tenth month of life. Following a brief description of developmental characteristics at this age, the pamphlet offers advice on a variety of topics, including: guarding against poisons, nursing breaks, fears and tears, teeth cleaning, learning through play, educational toys, child safety, and guidance and discipline. The pamphlet concludes with a list of relevant information resources for families. (HTH) Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 41 PB - ED Pubs, P.O. Box 1398, Jessup, MD 20794-1398. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Parents KW - Play KW - Cognitive Development KW - Parent Child Relationship KW - Infant Care KW - Child Rearing KW - Child Health KW - Childhood Needs KW - Physical Development KW - Child Safety KW - Infants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62199156?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - This publication was an initiative of Laura Bush a N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Buen Comienzo, Buen Futuro: El Bebe de Seis Meses (Healthy Start, Grow Smart: Your Six-Month Old). AN - 62198992; ED471261 AB - Distributed by the U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Education, and Health and Human Services, this Spanish-language pamphlet provides parents with information and advice about their infants in the sixth month of life. Following a brief description of developmental characteristics at this age, the pamphlet offers advice on a variety of topics, including: finding a trustworthy doctor, introducing new foods, letting the infant fall asleep on his or her own, guiding the infant's activity, brain development at six months, games and floor time as play time, and child safety. The pamphlet concludes with a list of relevant information resources for families. (HTH) Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 29 PB - ED Pubs, P.O. Box 1398, Jessup, MD 20794-1398. Tel: 877-433-7827 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-872-5327 (Toll Free); Fax: 301-470-1244; e-mail: edpubs@inet.ed.gov; Web site: http://www.ed.gov/pubs/edpubs.html/. For full text: http://www.ed.gov/offices/OESE/earlychildhood/healthystart/. KW - Brain Development KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Parents KW - Play KW - Cognitive Development KW - Parent Child Relationship KW - Infant Care KW - Child Rearing KW - Child Health KW - Childhood Needs KW - Physical Development KW - Child Safety KW - Multilingual Materials KW - Infants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62198992?accountid=14244 LA - Spanish DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - This publication was an initiative of Laura Bush a N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Buen Comienzo, Buen Futuro: El Bebe de Cinco Meses (Healthy Start, Grow Smart: Your Five-Month Old). AN - 62198961; ED471262 AB - Distributed by the U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Education, and Health and Human Services, this Spanish-language pamphlet provides parents with information and advice about their infants in the fifth month of life. Following a brief description of developmental characteristics at this age, the pamphlet offers information on topics including infant medicines, avoiding baby bottle tooth decay, teething, playpens, sleep, brain development, and stimulating the baby with toys. The pamphlet also offers advice to parents on avoiding back strain while lifting a 5-month-old. A list of information resources for families concludes the pamphlet. (HTH) Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 33 PB - ED Pubs, P.O. Box 1398, Jessup, MD 20794-1398. Tel: 877-433-7827 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-872-5327 (Toll Free); Fax: 301-470-1244; e-mail: edpubs@inet.ed.gov; Web site: http://www.ed.gov/pubs/edpubs.html/. For full text: http://www.ed.gov/offices/OESE/earlychildhood/healthystart/. KW - Brain Development KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Parents KW - Play KW - Cognitive Development KW - Infant Care KW - Parent Role KW - Child Health KW - Physical Development KW - Emotional Development KW - Child Safety KW - Parent Child Relationship KW - Child Rearing KW - Developmental Stages KW - Learning Activities KW - Multilingual Materials KW - Infants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62198961?accountid=14244 LA - Spanish DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - This publication was an initiative of Laura Bush a N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Buen Comienzo, Buen Futuro: El Bebe de Tres Meses (Healthy Start, Grow Smart: Your Three-Month-Old). AN - 62198545; ED470222 AB - Distributed by the U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Education, and Health and Human Services, this Spanish-language pamphlet provides parents with information and advice about their infants in the third month of life. The pamphlet provides information on communicating with the infant through body language, preparing for the 4-month checkup, recordkeeping, infant feeding, sleep patterns, ways to facilitate the infant's development, infant safety, pacifiers, and toys. Also included is a description of typical behavior for a 3-month-old and answers to commonly asked questions. The pamphlet then describes infant emotional development and suggests games to play, things to do, and ways to help the baby learn. Mothers' needs for exercise, relaxation, and social and emotional support are also discussed. The pamphlet concludes with a list of information resources. (HTH) Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 36 PB - ED Pubs, P.O. Box 1398, Jessup, MD 20794-1398. Tel: 877-433-7827 (Toll Free); Fax: 301-470-1244; e-mail: edpubs@inet.ed.gov; Web site: http://www.ed.gov/pubs/edpubs.html. For full text: http://www.ed.gov/offices/OESE/earlychildhood/healthystart/threemonthspanish.pdf. KW - Infant Distress KW - Infant Feeding KW - Single Parents KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Parents KW - Early Parenthood KW - Parent Materials KW - Infant Care KW - Child Health KW - Child Safety KW - Sleep KW - Infant Behavior KW - Child Rearing KW - Developmental Stages KW - Child Development KW - Pamphlets KW - Multilingual Materials KW - Infants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62198545?accountid=14244 LA - Spanish DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - This publication was an initiative of Laura Bush a N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Healthy Start, Grow Smart: Your Nine-Month Old. AN - 62198409; ED472187 AB - Distributed by the U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Education, and Health and Human Services, this pamphlet provides parents with information and advice about their infants in the ninth month of life. Following a brief description of developmental characteristics at this age, the pamphlet offers advice on a variety of topics, including: ways to keep baby safe, games for learning and skill-building, the 9-month checkup, early intervention and baby's developing skills, bathing the baby, bowel habit and sleeping patterns, feeding suggestions, protecting the baby's teeth, choking hazards, and nonparent infant care. The pamphlet concludes with a list of relevant information resources for families. (KB) Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 37 PB - ED Pubs, P.O. Box 1398, Jessup, MD 20794-1398. Tel: 877-433-7827 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-872-5327 (Toll Free); Fax: 301-470-1244; e-mail: edpubs@inet.ed.gov. For full text: http://www.ed.gov/offices/OESE/earlychildhood/healthystart/. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Parents KW - Play KW - Cognitive Development KW - Parent Child Relationship KW - Infant Care KW - Child Rearing KW - Child Health KW - Childhood Needs KW - Physical Development KW - Child Safety KW - Infants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62198409?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - This publication was an initiative of Laura Bush a N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Building Self-Esteem: A Self-Help Guide. Recovering Your Mental Health Series. AN - 62198229; ED470355 AB - Low self-esteem is a constant companion for too many people, especially those who experience depression, anxiety, phobias, psychosis, delusional thinking, or who have an illness or a disability. Low self-esteem keeps people from enjoying life, doing the things they want to do, and working toward personal goals. This booklet suggests ideas for things individuals can do to feel better about themselves--to raise their self-esteem. It contains information, ideas, and strategies that people from all over the country have found to be helpful in relieving and preventing troubling feelings and symptoms. The information in this booklet can be used safely along with other health care treatment. (GCP) AU - Copeland, Mary Ellen Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 31 PB - Center for Mental Health Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane, Room 15-99, Rockville, MD 20857. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Self Help Programs KW - Self Esteem KW - Depression (Psychology) KW - Anxiety KW - Mental Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62198229?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Consumer Information Series, Volume 5. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Healthy Start, Grow Smart: Your Two-Month-Old. AN - 62197420; ED467075 AB - Distributed by the U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Education, and Health and Human Services, this pamphlet provides parents with information and advice about their infants in the second month of life. The pamphlet outlines typical infant behavior at two months of age, the need for regular visits to a physician, health insurance, sleeping patterns, bowel habits, infant feeding, responding to infant distress, infant and crib safety, and dental health. Information on child development and "baby games" to communicate with the 2-month-old is also provided. The pamphlet then identifies special needs of single parents and single teenage parents, and lists resources for families. (KB) Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 29 PB - ED Pubs, P.O. Box 1398, Jessup, MD 20794-1398. Tel: 800-872-5327 (Toll Free); Fax: 301-470-1244; e-mail: edpubs@inet.ed.gov; Web site: http://www.ed.gov/pubs/edpubs.html. For full text: http://www.ed.gov/offices/OESE/earlychildhood/healthystart/. KW - Infant Distress KW - Infant Feeding KW - Single Parents KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Parents KW - Early Parenthood KW - Parent Materials KW - Infant Care KW - Child Health KW - Child Safety KW - Sleep KW - Infant Behavior KW - Child Rearing KW - Developmental Stages KW - Child Development KW - Pamphlets KW - Infants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62197420?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For related "Healthy Start, Grow Smart" documents, N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Healthy Start, Grow Smart: Your Eight-Month-Old. AN - 62197159; ED470221 AB - Distributed by the U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Education, and Health and Human Services, this pamphlet provides parents with information and advice about their infants in the eighth month of life. Following a brief description of developmental characteristics at this age, the pamphlet offers advice on a variety of topics, including: ways to keep baby safe, early intervention and baby's developing skills, reading to baby, teen parents, baby's brain, playing with an eight-month old, floor time, and questions parents ask. The pamphlet concludes with a list of relevant information resources for families. (HTH) Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 29 PB - ED Pubs, P.O. Box 1398, Jessup, MD 20794-1398. Tel: 877-433-7827 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-872-5327 (Toll Free); Fax: 301-470-1244; e-mail: edpubs@inet.ed.gov; Web site: http://www.ed.gov/pubs/edpubs.html. For full text: http://www.ed.gov/offices/OESE/earlychildhood/healthystart/eightmonth.pdf. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Parents KW - Play KW - Cognitive Development KW - Parent Child Relationship KW - Infant Care KW - Child Rearing KW - Child Health KW - Childhood Needs KW - Physical Development KW - Child Safety KW - Infants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62197159?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - This publication was an initiative of Laura Bush a N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Healthy Start, Grow Smart: Your Seven-Month-Old. AN - 62196671; ED470220 AB - Distributed by the U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Education, and Health and Human Services, this pamphlet provides parents with information and advice about their infants in the seventh month of life. Following a brief description of developmental characteristics at this age, the pamphlet offers advice on a variety of topics, including: your baby's new independence, feeding, moving bath time to the "big tub," talking together to help spouses handle stress, fathers and babies, fun on the floor, early intervention and your baby's developing skills, and including the baby's siblings. The pamphlet concludes with a list of relevant information resources for families. (HTH) Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 33 PB - ED Pubs, P.O. Box 1398, Jessup, MD 20794-1398. Tel: 877-433-7827 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-872-5327 (Toll Free); Fax: 301-470-1244; e-mail: edpubs@inet.ed.gov; Web site: http://www.ed.gov/pubs/edpubs.html. For full text: http://www.ed.gov/offices/OESE/earlychildhood/healthystart/sevenmonthpdf. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Parents KW - Play KW - Cognitive Development KW - Infant Care KW - Child Health KW - Childhood Needs KW - Physical Development KW - Fathers KW - Child Safety KW - Parent Child Relationship KW - Child Rearing KW - Personal Autonomy KW - Infants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62196671?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - This publication was an initiative of Laura Bush a N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Making and Keeping Friends: A Self-Help Guide. Recovering Your Mental Health Series. AN - 62196575; ED470354 AB - People seem to have a natural need for friends. Friends increase enjoyment of life, relieve feelings of loneliness, and can help reduce stress and improve ones health. Having good friends is especially helpful when one is going through any kind of hard time: experiencing anxiety or panic attacks; depression, phobias, or delusional thinking; living with a serious illness or disability; having major surgery; having a loss in ones life; or just being under a lot of stress. At times like these, good friends can make all the difference. This self-help booklet contains information, ideas, and strategies that have been found to be helpful in relieving and preventing troubling feelings and symptoms. The information in this booklet can be used safely along with other health care treatment. (GCP) AU - Copeland, Mary Ellen Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 35 PB - Center for Mental Health Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane, Room 15-99, Rockville, MD 20857. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Loneliness KW - Friendship KW - Self Help Programs KW - Depression (Psychology) KW - Mental Health KW - Stress Management KW - Prosocial Behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62196575?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Consumer Information Series, Volume 6. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Healthy Start, Grow Smart: Your Six-Month-Old. AN - 62193924; ED468286 AB - Distributed by the U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Education, and Health and Human Services, this pamphlet provides parents with information and advice about their infants in the sixth month of life. Following a brief description of developmental characteristics at this age, the pamphlet offers advice on a variety of topics, including: finding a trustworthy doctor, introducing new foods, letting the infant fall asleep on his or her own, guiding the infant's activity, brain development at six months, games and floor time as play time, and child safety. The pamphlet concludes with a list of relevant information resources for families. (HTH) Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 28 PB - ED Pubs, P. O. Box 1398, Jessup, MD 20794-1398. KW - Brain Development KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Parents KW - Play KW - Cognitive Development KW - Parent Child Relationship KW - Infant Care KW - Child Rearing KW - Child Health KW - Childhood Needs KW - Physical Development KW - Child Safety KW - Infants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62193924?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - This publication was an initiative of Laura Bush a N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Healthy Start, Grow Smart: Your One-Month-Old. AN - 62193240; ED466297 AB - This pamphlet, distributed by the U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Education, and Health and Human Services, is designed to provide parents with information and advice about their infants in the first month of life. The pamphlet provides information on ways the mother can take care of herself, the one-month checkup, early brain development, infant feeding, talking to the infant, child care selection, keeping a record of the infant's growth, and characteristics of the typical one-month-old. Guidelines are provided for parents to help their infant by encouraging exploration, being a teacher, communicating, ensuring the infant's safety, doing things repeatedly to facilitate learning, protecting the infant, and celebrating with their child. The pamphlet also discusses sleeping patterns, bowel habits, the use of baby powder, the infant's "people skills" and communication, ways to pamper the mother, and resource information for teenage parents. Information resources for families conclude the pamphlet. (KB) Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 33 PB - ED Pubs, P.O. Box 1398, Jessup, MD 20794-1398. Tel: 800-872-5327 (Toll Free); Fax: 301-470-1244; e-mail: edpubs@inet.ed.gov. For full text: http://www.ed.gov/offices/OESE/earlychildhood/healthystart/. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Parents KW - Parent Education KW - Parent Materials KW - Parent Child Relationship KW - Infant Care KW - Infant Behavior KW - Caregiver Speech KW - Child Health KW - Neonates KW - Pamphlets KW - Child Safety KW - Infants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62193240?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - This publication was an initiative of Laura Bush a N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Healthy Start, Grow Smart: Your Newborn. AN - 62191993; ED466289 AB - This booklet offers guidance to parents in caring for their newborn babies. Advice is given on the following topics: (1) newborn health screening; (2) what a healthy newborn looks like; (3) newborn reflexes; (4) baby checkups; (5) fathers' role; (6) the baby blues; (7) sleeping position; (8) breast milk; (9) breast feeding; (10) bottle feeding; (11) checkups and shots; (12) what it's like to be a newborn; (13) changing diapers; (14) keeping a memory book; (15) installing car seats; (16) newborns' brains; (17) guiding babies every day; (18) babies' people skills; (19) learning to communicate; (20) why babies cry; (21) ways to soothe babies; (22) preparing the baby's bath; (23) bathing the baby; and (24) being gentle when bathing the baby. Information resources for families conclude the booklet. (EV) Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 37 PB - Ed Pubs, Education Publications Center, U.S. Department of Education, P.O. Box 1398, Jessup, MD 20794-1398. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Parents KW - Parent Education KW - Breastfeeding KW - Parenting Skills KW - Parent Materials KW - Infant Care KW - Child Health KW - Childhood Needs KW - Parent Child Relationship KW - Infant Behavior KW - Child Rearing KW - Child Development KW - Neonates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62191993?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - This publication was sponsored by the Texas Depart N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Science-Based Prevention Programs and Principles, 2002. Effective Substance Abuse and Mental Health Programs for Every Community. AN - 62187058; ED474651 AB - The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) and its Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP) are committed to bringing effective substance abuse prevention and behavioral health promotion programs to every community in the Nation. As more knowledge is gained about efficacy and effectiveness of prevention and behavioral health promotion, it becomes more important to make that information available to prevention service providers across the country. This report provides the latest information about individual model programs and important syntheses of research and evaluation findings across multiple prevention programs. It describes a comprehensive system that SAMHSA is using to ensure optimal use of these programs in communities across America. It is expected that this report will be of use to officials at all levels of government; to prevention researchers and practitioners; and to parents, educators, community youth workers, and faith leaders. The report specifically updates current knowledge in five areas that are central to SAMHSAs mission of bringing scientific data to practice settings: progress in identifying SAMHSA's model programs; synthesis of research findings; knowledge dissemination; issues, progress, and future directions in various essential topics of science-based prevention programming; and the latest listing of SAMHSA model programs, effective programs, and promising programs. (GCP) AU - Schinke, S. AU - Brounstein, P. AU - Gardner, S. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 251 PB - Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857. Tel: 800-729-6686 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-487-4889 (TDD). For full text: http://www.samhsa.gov/publications/publications.html. VL - SMA-03-3764 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Community KW - Practitioners KW - Parents KW - Program Descriptions KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Prevention KW - Demonstration Programs KW - Substance Abuse KW - Mental Health Programs KW - Models UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62187058?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Buen Comienzo, Buen Futuro: El Bebe de Doce Meses (Healthy Start, Grow Smart: Your Twelve-Month-Old). AN - 62186866; ED473931 AB - Distributed by the U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Education, and Health and Human Services, this Spanish-language pamphlet provides parents with information and advice about their infants in the twelfth month of life. Following a brief description of developmental characteristics at this age, the pamphlet offers advice on a variety of topics, including: feeding, breastfeeding, health and safety, routines and rituals, developmental stages, questions parents ask, and parenting styles. The pamphlet concludes with a list of relevant information resources for families. (HTH) AU - Landry, Susan H. AU - Ramey, Craig T. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 41 PB - ED Pubs, Publications Center, U.S. Department of Education, P.O. Box 1398, Jessup, MD 20794-1398. Tel: 877-433-7827 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-872-5327 (Toll Free); Fax: 301-470-1244; e-mail: edpubs@inet.ed.gov; Web site: http://www.ed.gov.pubs/edpubs.html. For full text: http://www.ed.gov/offices/OESE/earlychildhood/healthystart/twelvemonthspanish.pdf. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Parents KW - Play KW - Cognitive Development KW - Infant Care KW - Child Health KW - Childhood Needs KW - Physical Development KW - Child Safety KW - Parenting Styles KW - Parent Child Relationship KW - Child Rearing KW - Developmental Stages KW - Multilingual Materials KW - Infants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62186866?accountid=14244 LA - Spanish DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For English version, see PS 031 064. This publicat N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Healthy Start, Grow Smart: Your Twelve-Month-Old. AN - 62186459; ED473854 AB - Distributed by the U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Education, and Health and Human Services, this pamphlet provides parents with information and advice about their infants in the twelfth month of life. Following a brief description of developmental characteristics at this age, the pamphlet offers advice on a variety of topics, including: feeding, breastfeeding, health and safety, routines and rituals, developmental stages, questions parents ask, and parenting styles. The pamphlet concludes with a list of relevant information resources for families. (HTH) AU - Landry, Susan H. AU - Ramey, Craig T. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 41 PB - ED Pubs, Publications Center, U.S. Department of Education, P.O. Box 1398, Jessup, MD 20794-1398. Tel: 877-433-7827 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-872-5327 (Toll Free); Fax: 301-470-1244; e-mail: edpubs@inet.ed.gov; Web site: http://www.ed.gov/pubs/edpubs.html. For full text: http://www.ed.gov/offices/OESE/earlychildhood/healthystart/twelvemonth.pdf. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Parents KW - Play KW - Cognitive Development KW - Infant Care KW - Child Health KW - Childhood Needs KW - Physical Development KW - Child Safety KW - Parenting Styles KW - Parent Child Relationship KW - Child Rearing KW - Developmental Stages KW - Infants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62186459?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - This publication was an initiative of Laura Bush a N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Multidimensional Family Therapy for Adolescent Cannabis Users, Cannabis Youth Treatment (CYT) Series, Volume 5. AN - 62159843; ED478685 AB - The purpose of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment's (CSAT's) Cannabis Youth Treatment (CYT) Project Cooperative Agreement was to test the relative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a variety of interventions designed to eliminate marijuana use and associated problems in adolescents and to provide validated models of these interventions to the treatment field. The target population was adolescents with cannabis use disorders of abuse or dependence, as defined by the American Psychiatric Association (1994), who were assessed as appropriate for treatment in outpatient settings. This manual guides therapists and their supervisors in using the multidimensional family therapy intervention with adolescents and their caregivers. Multidimensional family therapy is the multisystemic family-focused treatment described in this manual for experienced family therapists that includes 12 weeks of in-clinic and telephone sessions working with individual adolescents and their families. MDFT targets the psychosocial functioning of individual family members, the family members' relationships, and influential social systems outside the family. The approach strives for consistency and a coherent and logical connection among its theory, principles of intervention, and intervention strategies and methods. The intervention methods derive from target population characteristics, and they are guided by research-based knowledge about dysfunctional and normal adolescent and family development. Interventions work within the multiple ecologies of adolescent development, and they target the processes known to produce and/or maintain drug taking and related problem behaviors. Appendixes include key terms and abbreviations, administrative issues in implementing MDFT, a summary of the MDFT research program, and a detailed account of the CYT study. (Contains 265 references.) (GCP) AU - Liddle, Howard A. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 245 KW - Family Therapy KW - Multidimensional Models KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Substance Abuse KW - Intervention KW - Family Relationship KW - Theory Practice Relationship KW - Marijuana KW - Outcomes of Treatment KW - Models KW - Family Counseling KW - Counseling Techniques KW - Behavior Modification KW - Counseling Effectiveness KW - Reinforcement KW - Cognitive Restructuring KW - Drug Rehabilitation KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62159843?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For Volume 1, see CG 032 480; for Volume 2, see CG N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - The National Cross-Site Evaluation of High-Risk Youth Programs: Understanding Risk, Protection, and Substance Use among High-Risk Youth. Monograph Series. AN - 62147816; ED477133 AB - This document summarizes findings from the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention's National Cross-Site Evaluation of High-Risk Youth Programs, which identified characteristics associated with strong substance abuse prevention outcomes in 48 prevention programs. Major findings include: as youth age, levels of risk and protection shift considerably, with a steady movement from the protective to the risk conditions in most external and internal factors; gender plays an important role in risk, protection, and substance use (e.g., neighborhood conditions have a greater influence on substance abuse among males than females); connectedness protects against substance use (connectedness to family and school form the core of this protection); the peer environment is critically linked to substance use (youth whose peers do not use substance or whose peers disapprove of substance use report less use themselves); and broadening the range of protective influences in the external environments increases protection against substance use. (Contains 24 references and 15 figures.) (SM) AU - Springer, Fred J. AU - Sambrano, Soledad AU - Sale, Elizabeth AU - Kasim, Rafa AU - Hermann, Jack Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - January 2002 SP - 33 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345. VL - No-2 KW - Risk Taking Behavior KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Effectiveness KW - At Risk Persons KW - Substance Abuse KW - Family Influence KW - Peer Influence KW - Sex Differences KW - Resistance to Temptation KW - Youth Programs KW - Community Involvement KW - Children KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62147816?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For the rest of the monographs in this series, see N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - The National Cross-Site Evaluation of High-Risk Youth Programs: Findings on Designing and Implementing Effective Prevention Programs for Youth at High Risk. Monograph Series. AN - 62147336; ED477134 AB - This document summarizes findings from the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention's National Cross-Site Evaluation of High-Risk Youth Programs, which identified characteristics associated with strong substance abuse prevention outcomes in 48 prevention programs. It provides concrete guidance regarding what elements of design and implementation are key to achieving results within a particular setting. Results indicate that program content is critical to improving adolescent behavior. Programs with strong life skills programming are more effective than those emphasizing other content in changing substance use and school connectedness. Effective programming must use interactive, rather than passive, classroom style learning methods. Effective interactive activities should be a focus of future program development. Programs with coherent program theory that includes clear links between outcome objectives and program activities are more effective than programs with a less clearly articulated rationale. The intensity of program service is more important for outcomes than the duration or total number of hours of contact. After-school programs are more effective in changing cigarette and alcohol use and family connectedness than programs offered primarily during school hours. (Contains 9 references and 23 figures.) (SM) AU - Hermann, Jack AU - Sambrano, Soledad AU - Springer, Fred J. AU - Nister, Mary AU - Sale, Elizabeth AU - Brounstein, Paul J. AU - Cordray, David AU - Shadish, Will AU - Kasim, Rafa AU - Pan, Wei Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 40 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345. VL - No-3 KW - Risk Taking Behavior KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Effectiveness KW - At Risk Persons KW - Substance Abuse KW - Family Influence KW - Peer Influence KW - Resistance to Temptation KW - Youth Programs KW - Community Involvement KW - Children KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62147336?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For the other monographs in this series, see UD 03 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Closing the gap: a national blueprint to improve the health of persons with mental retardation: report of the Surgeon's General's Conference on Health Disparities and Mental Retardation AN - 59847266; 2002-0705480 AB - Stresses health promotion into community environments, disease prevention, increasing knowledge and understanding, improving quality of health care, training of health care providers, ensuring effective health care financing, increasing sources of health care, and other core values; US. Also available in print. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, 2002. Y1 - 2002///0, PY - 2002 DA - 0, 2002 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Mentally handicapped -- Medical care KW - United States -- Health policy KW - Mentally handicapped -- Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59847266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Closing+the+gap%3A+a+national+blueprint+to+improve+the+health+of+persons+with+mental+retardation%3A+report+of+the+Surgeon%27s+General%27s+Conference+on+Health+Disparities+and+Mental+Retardation&rft.title=Closing+the+gap%3A+a+national+blueprint+to+improve+the+health+of+persons+with+mental+retardation%3A+report+of+the+Surgeon%27s+General%27s+Conference+on+Health+Disparities+and+Mental+Retardation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.osophs.dhhs.gov/topics/mentalretardation/retardation.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrogeology and water quality (1978) of the Floridan aquifer system at U. S. Geological Survey test well 26, on Colonels Island, near Brunswick, Georgia AN - 52063684; 2002-066000 JF - Water-Resources Investigations - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Jones, L Elliott AU - Prowell, David C AU - Maslia, Morris L Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 44 EP - 44, 1 sheet PB - U. S. Geological Survey, [Reston, VA] SN - 0092-332X, 0092-332X KW - United States KW - water quality KW - degradation KW - salt-water intrusion KW - halogens KW - fresh water KW - salinity KW - cores KW - ground water KW - Brunswick Georgia KW - chloride ion KW - USGS KW - geochemistry KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - chlorine KW - bedrock KW - concentration KW - well logs KW - Colonels Island KW - pollution KW - Glynn County Georgia KW - hydrochemistry KW - Georgia KW - Floridan Aquifer KW - water resources KW - permeability KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52063684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Jones%2C+L+Elliott%3BProwell%2C+David+C%3BMaslia%2C+Morris+L&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Hydrogeology+and+water+quality+%281978%29+of+the+Floridan+aquifer+system+at+U.+S.+Geological+Survey+test+well+26%2C+on+Colonels+Island%2C+near+Brunswick%2C+Georgia&rft.title=Hydrogeology+and+water+quality+%281978%29+of+the+Floridan+aquifer+system+at+U.+S.+Geological+Survey+test+well+26%2C+on+Colonels+Island%2C+near+Brunswick%2C+Georgia&rft.issn=0092332X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 39 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. strat. cols., 4 tables, sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Prepared in cooperation with the City of Brunswick, Glynn County N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRIND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Coastal Plain; bedrock; Brunswick Georgia; chloride ion; chlorine; Colonels Island; concentration; cores; degradation; Floridan Aquifer; fresh water; geochemistry; Georgia; Glynn County Georgia; ground water; halogens; hydrochemistry; permeability; pollution; salinity; salt-water intrusion; United States; USGS; water quality; water resources; well logs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drill monitor with strata strength classification in near-real time AN - 52027905; 2003-009342 AB - The process of drilling and bolting the roof is currently one of the most dangerous jobs in underground mining, resulting in about 1,000 accidents with injuries each year in the United States. Researchers from the Spokane Research Laboratory of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health are studying the use of a drill monitoring system to estimate the strength of successive layers of rock and assess the integrity of a mine roof so that roof drill operators can be warned when a weak layer is being drilled. Measurements taken during drilling can be converted to suitably scaled features so that a neural network can classify mine roof strata in terms of relative strength. The feasibility of this concept has been demonstrated in the laboratory. The research project was undertaken in order to increase the safety of underground miners, especially those involved in roof bolting. The system should be applicable to the mobile drills used in underground mining and would likely find wider application as well. JF - Report of Investigations - NIOSH AU - Utt, Walter K AU - Miller, Gregory G AU - Howie, Wayne L AU - Woodward, Chelsea C Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 14 PB - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, D.C. KW - mining KW - monitoring KW - underground mining KW - roof control KW - research KW - rock mechanics KW - measurement KW - laboratory studies KW - safety KW - mining geology KW - classification KW - neural networks KW - drilling KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52027905?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Utt%2C+Walter+K%3BMiller%2C+Gregory+G%3BHowie%2C+Wayne+L%3BWoodward%2C+Chelsea+C&rft.aulast=Utt&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Drill+monitor+with+strata+strength+classification+in+near-real+time&rft.title=Drill+monitor+with+strata+strength+classification+in+near-real+time&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - PubXState - D.C. N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #05111 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - classification; drilling; laboratory studies; measurement; mining; mining geology; monitoring; neural networks; research; rock mechanics; roof control; safety; underground mining ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mercury; how toxicokinetics and speciation influence adverse health outcomes AN - 52020357; 2003-017899 JF - Abstracts Volume - International Symposium on the Geochemistry of the Earth's Surface (GES) AU - Goering, P L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 324 PB - [Publisher varies], [location varies] VL - 6 KW - toxic materials KW - medical geology KW - pollution KW - human ecology KW - ecotoxicology KW - metals KW - ecology KW - kinetics KW - geochemistry KW - public health KW - mercury KW - chemical fractionation KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52020357?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+Volume+-+International+Symposium+on+the+Geochemistry+of+the+Earth%27s+Surface+%28GES%29&rft.atitle=Mercury%3B+how+toxicokinetics+and+speciation+influence+adverse+health+outcomes&rft.au=Goering%2C+P+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Goering&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=&rft.spage=324&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+Volume+-+International+Symposium+on+the+Geochemistry+of+the+Earth%27s+Surface+%28GES%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Sixth international symposium on the Geochemistry of the Earth's surface N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #06081 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical fractionation; ecology; ecotoxicology; geochemistry; human ecology; kinetics; medical geology; mercury; metals; pollution; public health; toxic materials ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metals in the environment; implications for human health AN - 52019486; 2003-017900 JF - Abstracts Volume - International Symposium on the Geochemistry of the Earth's Surface (GES) AU - Goering, P L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 325 EP - 328 PB - [Publisher varies], [location varies] VL - 6 KW - toxic materials KW - medical geology KW - metals KW - physiology KW - pollution KW - ecology KW - bioavailability KW - geochemistry KW - public health KW - human ecology KW - chemical fractionation KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52019486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+Volume+-+International+Symposium+on+the+Geochemistry+of+the+Earth%27s+Surface+%28GES%29&rft.atitle=Metals+in+the+environment%3B+implications+for+human+health&rft.au=Goering%2C+P+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Goering&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+Volume+-+International+Symposium+on+the+Geochemistry+of+the+Earth%27s+Surface+%28GES%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Sixth international symposium on the Geochemistry of the Earth's surface N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #06081 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bioavailability; chemical fractionation; ecology; geochemistry; human ecology; medical geology; metals; physiology; pollution; public health; toxic materials ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sixty years of rock bursting in the Coeur d'Alene district of northern Idaho; lessons learned and remaining issues AN - 51913958; 2003-086009 AB - Sixty years of rock bursting in the Coeur d'Alene district has taught painful lessons and led to a number of practical advances in controlling rock-burst hazards. This paper summarizes these lessons, concentrating on practical measures that have been successfully adopted to reduce hazards. These lessons are explained in the context of district mining history and current understanding of rock-burst phenomena. Overall, the paper provides the practicing mine engineer with an appreciation of rock-burst hazards and an overview of practical measures that can be used to control these hazards in the context of Coeur d'Alene district experience. JF - Transactions of Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration AU - Whyatt, J AU - Blake, W AU - Williams, T AU - White, B Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 171 EP - 178 PB - Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Littleton, CO VL - 312 SN - 1075-8623, 1075-8623 KW - United States KW - mining KW - mines KW - Idaho KW - monitoring KW - geologic hazards KW - Coeur d'Alene mining district KW - seismicity KW - rock bursts KW - mining geology KW - preventive measures KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51913958?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+Society+for+Mining%2C+Metallurgy%2C+and+Exploration&rft.atitle=Sixty+years+of+rock+bursting+in+the+Coeur+d%27Alene+district+of+northern+Idaho%3B+lessons+learned+and+remaining+issues&rft.au=Whyatt%2C+J%3BBlake%2C+W%3BWilliams%2C+T%3BWhite%2C+B&rft.aulast=Whyatt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=312&rft.issue=&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+Society+for+Mining%2C+Metallurgy%2C+and+Exploration&rft.issn=10758623&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 17 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Preprint number 02-164, presented at the SME annual meeting, Feb. 25-27, 2002, Phoenix, Arizona N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coeur d'Alene mining district; geologic hazards; Idaho; mines; mining; mining geology; monitoring; preventive measures; rock bursts; seismicity; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New drill-monitoring system evaluates strata strength in real time AN - 51913651; 2003-085999 AB - The process of roof drilling and bolting is one of the most dangerous jobs in underground mining. In the United States, roof drilling and bolting results in about 1,000 accidents with injuries each year. Researchers from the Spokane Research Laboratory of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health are studying the feasibility of using a drill-monitoring system to estimate the strength of successive layers of rock and assess the integrity of a mine roof. Such a system would allow roof drill operators to be warned when a weak layer is being drilled. Using measurements taken during drilling, a neural network can classify mine roof strata in terms of relative strength. The concept has been proven in principle. This research project was undertaken to increase the safety of underground miners, especially those involved in roof bolting. The system should be applicable to the mobile drills now used in underground mines, and the system would likely find wider application as well. JF - Transactions of Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration AU - Utt, W K AU - Miller, G G AU - Howie, W L AU - Woodward, C C Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 87 EP - 92 PB - Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Littleton, CO VL - 312 SN - 1075-8623, 1075-8623 KW - mining KW - monitoring KW - underground mining KW - strength KW - mining geology KW - stability KW - mathematical models KW - drilling KW - rock mechanics KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51913651?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+Society+for+Mining%2C+Metallurgy%2C+and+Exploration&rft.atitle=New+drill-monitoring+system+evaluates+strata+strength+in+real+time&rft.au=Utt%2C+W+K%3BMiller%2C+G+G%3BHowie%2C+W+L%3BWoodward%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Utt&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=312&rft.issue=&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+Society+for+Mining%2C+Metallurgy%2C+and+Exploration&rft.issn=10758623&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - drilling; mathematical models; mining; mining geology; monitoring; rock mechanics; stability; strength; underground mining ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Endocrine Disruptors: A New Scientific Role for Clinical Pharmacologists? Impact on Human Health, Wildlife, and the Environment AN - 21194943; 11643861 AB - It is important for the clinical pharmacologist to understand the potential human health implications of exposure to environmental chemicals that may act as hormonally active agents. It is necessary to have an understanding of how pharmaceutical and personal care products and other chemicals affect the ecosystem of planet Earth and to understand how they may negatively contribute to human disease. Clinical pharmacologists must understand the various definitions of endocrine disruptors and be able to 'decipher' these terms for their patients. Understanding the need for the EPA endocrine disruptor screening program and possessing knowledge of the screening assays used to assess endocrine activity potential are two essential components relevant to the topic of endocrine disruptors. Clinical pharmacologists have an opportunity to play an important role in resolving the question of what role endocrine disruptors play in initiating human disease since some scientists argue that the present evidence is not compelling. Clinical pharmacologists can also play an important role in the evaluation of the risk assessment and use of risk management and risk communication tools required to address public health concerns related to actions of endocrine disruptors. It is important that clinical pharmacologists work with veterinary clinical pharmacologists, toxicologists, industrial chemists, regulators, the scientific community, the general public, and environmental groups to understand the impact of endocrine disruptors on human health, wildlife, and the environment with an ultimate goal to minimize and/or alleviate the unwanted, detrimental effects of the endocrine disruptors. JF - Journal of Clinical Pharmacology AU - Lathers, Claire M AD - Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Center for Veterinary Medicine/Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Rockville, Maryland Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 7 EP - 23 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0091-2700, 0091-2700 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Endocrine disruptors KW - Wildlife KW - Communication KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Public health KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21194943?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Endocrine+Disruptors%3A+A+New+Scientific+Role+for+Clinical+Pharmacologists%3F+Impact+on+Human+Health%2C+Wildlife%2C+and+the+Environment&rft.au=Lathers%2C+Claire+M&rft.aulast=Lathers&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Pharmacology&rft.issn=00912700&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F009127000204200101 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Endocrine disruptors; Wildlife; Communication; Pharmaceuticals; Public health DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009127000204200101 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulating the swelling and deformation behaviour in soft tissues using a convective thermal analogy AN - 19474626; 7169830 AB - Background It is generally accepted that cartilage adaptation and degeneration are mechanically mediated. Investigating the swelling behaviour of cartilage is important because the stress and strain state of cartilage is associated with the swelling and deformation behaviour. It is well accepted that the swelling of soft tissues is associated with mechanical, chemical, and electrical events. Method The purpose of the present study was to implement the triphasic theory into a commercial finite element tool (ABAQUS) to solve practical problems in cartilage mechanics. Because of the mathematical identity between thermal and mass diffusion processes, the triphasic model was transferred into a convective thermal diffusion process in the commercial finite element software. The problem was solved using an iterative procedure. Results The proposed approach was validated using the one-dimensional numerical solutions and the experimental results of confined compression of articular cartilage described in the literature. The time-history of the force response of a cartilage specimen in confined compression, which was subjected to swelling caused by a sudden change of saline concentration, was predicted using the proposed approach and compared with the published experimental data. Conclusion The advantage of the proposed thermal analogy technique over previous studies is that it accounts for the convective diffusion of ion concentrations and the Donnan osmotic pressure in the interstitial fluid. JF - BioMedical Engineering OnLine AU - Wu, John Z AU - Herzog, Walter AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Middlesex House 34-42 Cleveland Street London W1T 4LB UK, [mailto:info@biomedcentral.com], [URL:http://www.biomedcentral.com] VL - 1 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Article No. 8 KW - Computer programs KW - software KW - Mathematical models KW - Adaptations KW - Stress KW - Diffusion KW - Degeneration KW - Cartilage (articular) KW - Soft tissues KW - Osmotic pressure KW - Compression KW - W 30920:Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19474626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioMedical+Engineering+OnLine&rft.atitle=Simulating+the+swelling+and+deformation+behaviour+in+soft+tissues+using+a+convective+thermal+analogy&rft.au=Wu%2C+John+Z%3BHerzog%2C+Walter&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BioMedical+Engineering+OnLine&rft.issn=1475-925X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1475-925X-1-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Computer programs; software; Adaptations; Mathematical models; Stress; Degeneration; Diffusion; Cartilage (articular); Osmotic pressure; Soft tissues; Compression DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-925X-1-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mouse Lymphoma Thymidine Kinase Gene Mutation Assay: Follow-Up International Workshop on Genotoxicity Test Procedures, New Orleans, Louisiana, April 2000 AN - 18768405; 5639875 AB - The Mouse Lymphoma Assay (MLA) Workgroup of the International Workshop on Genotoxicity Test Procedures held a second harmonization meeting just prior to the U.S. Environmental Mutagen Society Meeting in New Orleans, LA, in April 2000. The discussion focused on several important aspects of the MLA, including: 1) cytotoxicity measures and their determination, 2) use of a 24-hr treatment, 3) the ability of the assay to detect aneugens, and 4) concentration selection. Prior to the meeting the group developed Microsoft Excel Workbooks for data entry. Ten laboratories entered their data into the workbooks (primarily as coded chemicals). The Excel Workbooks were used to facilitate data analysis by generating an extensive set of graphs that were evaluated by the meeting participants. Based on the Workgroup's previous agreement that a single cytotoxicity measure should be established for both the microwell and soft agar versions of the assay, the Workgroup analyzed the submitted data and unanimously agreed that the relative total growth (RTG) should be used as the cytotoxicity measure for concentration selection and data evaluation. The Workgroup also agreed that the various cytotoxicity measures should be calculated using the same methods regardless of whether the soft agar or microwell version of the assay was used. In the obsence of sufficient data to make a definitive determination, the Workgroup continued to endorse the International Committee on Harmonization recommendation for the use of 24-hr treatment and made some specific 24-hr treatment protocol recommendations. The Workgroup recognized the ability of the MLA to detect at least some aneugens and also developed general guidance and requirements for appropriate concentration selection. JF - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis AU - Moore, M M AU - Honma, M AU - Clements, J AU - Harrington-Brock, K AU - Awogi, T AU - Bolcsfoldi, G AU - Cifone, M AU - Collard, D AU - Fellows, M AU - Flanders, K AU - Gollapudi, B AU - Jenkinson, P AU - Kirby, P AU - Kirchner, S AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 292 EP - 299 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Mouse Lymphoma Assay KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07220:General theory/testing systems KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18768405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Mouse+Lymphoma+Thymidine+Kinase+Gene+Mutation+Assay%3A+Follow-Up+International+Workshop+on+Genotoxicity+Test+Procedures%2C+New+Orleans%2C+Louisiana%2C+April+2000&rft.au=Moore%2C+M+M%3BHonma%2C+M%3BClements%2C+J%3BHarrington-Brock%2C+K%3BAwogi%2C+T%3BBolcsfoldi%2C+G%3BCifone%2C+M%3BCollard%2C+D%3BFellows%2C+M%3BFlanders%2C+K%3BGollapudi%2C+B%3BJenkinson%2C+P%3BKirby%2C+P%3BKirchner%2C+S&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=292&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of Neutrophil Apoptosis in Vanadium-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation in Mice AN - 18669692; 5561331 AB - Pulmonary exposure to airborne vanadium and vanadium-containing compounds is associated with acute pulmonary inflammation, characterized by a rapid influx of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes with a peak response at 6 hours and resolution by 3 days. We hypothesized that neutrophil apoptosis is involved in the resolution of vanadium-induced lung inflammation. To test this hypothesis, mice were exposed to inspired vanadium or saline control and the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells were examined at various times for apoptosis using terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL). Control mice showed only resident alveolar macrophages in the BAL with no evidence of apoptosis. In contrast, vanadium-treated mice showed clear apoptosis of BAL cells, which were predominantly neutrophils. The number of apoptotic cells gradually increased and reached a maximal level by 24 hours with subsequent decline. After 24 hours, when the vanadium-induced lung inflammation was in the resolution phase, we observed an increased number of alveolar macrophages in BAL and the engulfment of apoptotic bodies by these macrophages. At 72 hours, the total number of neutrophils in BAL fell to the baseline level, and the number of apoptotic cells was reduced. Clearance of the apoptotic product was demonstrated by the presence of apoptotic bodies in the cytoplasm of alveolar macrophages. We conclude that apoptosis of neutrophils and clearance by alveolar macrophages are important mechanisms in the resolution of vanadium-induced lung inflammation. JF - Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology AU - Wang, L AU - Medan, D AU - Mercer, R AU - Shi, X AU - Huang, C AU - Castranova, V AU - Ding, M AU - Rojanasakul, Y AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, lmw6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 343 EP - 350 VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0731-8898, 0731-8898 KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24161:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18669692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Pathology%2C+Toxicology+and+Oncology&rft.atitle=Role+of+Neutrophil+Apoptosis+in+Vanadium-Induced+Pulmonary+Inflammation+in+Mice&rft.au=Wang%2C+L%3BMedan%2C+D%3BMercer%2C+R%3BShi%2C+X%3BHuang%2C+C%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BDing%2C+M%3BRojanasakul%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Pathology%2C+Toxicology+and+Oncology&rft.issn=07318898&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vanadate Induces G sub(2)/M Phase Arrest in p53-Deficient Mouse Embryo Fibroblasts AN - 18625423; 5532129 AB - Vanadium compounds exert potent toxic and carcinogenic effects on a wide variety of biological systems. The mechanisms involved in their toxicity and carcinogenesis require investigation. Cell growth arrest and its regulation are important mechanisms in maintaining genomic stability and integrity in response to environmental stress. The p53 tumor suppressor plays a central role in the regulation of the normal cell cycle. To investigate the role of p53 in vanadate-induced cell growth arrest and its regulation, two cell lines--normal mouse embryo fibroblasts [p53(+/+)] and p53-deficient mouse embryo fibroblasts [p53(-/-)],-- were used in this study. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell growth arrest at G sub(0)/G sub(1), S, or G sub(2)/M phase. Western blotting analysis was performed to determine several cell growth regulatory proteins. The results showed that in p53(-/-) cells vanadate induced G sub(2)/M phase arrest in a dose- and time-dependent manner without alteration of S phase. In p53(+/+) cells, vanadate treatment increased the S phase with no significant change in the G sub(2)/M phase. Furthermore, Western blotting results showed that in p53(-/-) cells vanadate caused cdc25C degradation and activation of phospho-cdc2 without alteration of the p21 level. In p53(+/+) cells, vanadate increased the expression of p21 and degraded cdc25A instead of cdc25C without any effect on cdc2. These results demonstrate that vanadate induced G sub(2)/M phase arrest in p53-deficient mouse embryo fibroblasts, and promoted S phase entry in p53 wild-type mouse embryo fibroblasts. JF - Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology AU - Zhang, Z AU - Chen, F AU - Huang, C AU - Shi, X AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, xshi@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 223 EP - 231 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0731-8898, 0731-8898 KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18625423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Pathology%2C+Toxicology+and+Oncology&rft.atitle=Vanadate+Induces+G+sub%282%29%2FM+Phase+Arrest+in+p53-Deficient+Mouse+Embryo+Fibroblasts&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Z%3BChen%2C+F%3BHuang%2C+C%3BShi%2C+X&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Pathology%2C+Toxicology+and+Oncology&rft.issn=07318898&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk Management Strategies in the Physicians' Desk Reference Product Labels for Pregnancy Category X Drugs AN - 18608954; 5467713 AB - Drugs that carry a concern for teratogenicity are often classified as pregnancy category X in the drug label and contraindicated for use during pregnancy. Many drug labels can be found in the Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR), a widely used source of drug information by American clinicians and patients. To review product labelling in the electronic PDR for the pregnancy category X products for pregnancy prevention risk management components in labelling. The electronic version of the 2001 and 2002 PDR was searched for 'pregnancy category X' products using the full text search feature. All product labels identified were retrieved and reviewed for trade name, generic name, manufacturer and indication. Product labels were manually searched for any pregnancy prevention risk management strategies included in labelling. Those labels that had specific pregnancy prevention risk management strategies were further evaluated. One hundred and seventeen pregnancy category X products were obtained from 2249 products searched in the 2001 PDR database and 124 pregnancy category X products were obtained from the 2150 products in the 2002 PDR database. All pregnancy category X products identified were drug products. The label/package insert for each drug was reviewed to identify risk management strategies for pregnancy prevention. The majority of the labels include as the sole risk management strategy either a black box warning and/or a contraindication for use in women who are or may become pregnant. Only 13 drugs contained specific pregnancy prevention risk management strategies in the label directing the clinician and/or patient, e.g. frequency of pregnancy testing, number and type of contraception methods. Two drugs, bexarotene capsules and gel, were only included in the 2001 PDR. Three drugs, isotretinoin, acitretin, and thalidomide, have formal pregnancy prevention risk management programmes. This study demonstrates the varied risk management approaches in labelling for pregnancy prevention for pregnancy category X drugs. There is a need for consistency in the classification of pregnancy category X products and the pregnancy prevention risk management strategies utilised in the labelling for them. JF - Drug Safety AU - Uhl, K AU - Kennedy, D L AU - Kweder, S L AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, Pregnancy Labeling Team, 1451 Rockville Pike, WOC II, Rockville, MD 20852, USA Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 885 EP - 892 VL - 25 IS - 12 SN - 0114-5916, 0114-5916 KW - Physicians' Desk Reference KW - category X drugs KW - labelling KW - risk management KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18608954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+Safety&rft.atitle=Risk+Management+Strategies+in+the+Physicians%27+Desk+Reference+Product+Labels+for+Pregnancy+Category+X+Drugs&rft.au=Uhl%2C+K%3BKennedy%2C+D+L%3BKweder%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Uhl&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=885&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+Safety&rft.issn=01145916&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prospects for Pollution Reduction by Bioremediation in the Marine Environment AN - 18605664; 5473107 AB - A wide variety of human activities have negative effects on marine ecosystems, often resulting from some form of pollution. Reducing the associated degradation of environmental health is hampered by limited foresight, willingness or ability with regard to pollution prevention, isolation, or cleanup. Cleanup is particularly important because there are many problems that have not been prevented and for which isolation may not be practical. However, conventional cleanup methods are often untenable or problematic as well. An attractive alternative is bioremediation, or the use of microorganisms to break down pollutants. Such efforts often target fuel oil contamination but may also have other applications, some of which are considered here. JF - Ocean Yearbook AU - Jones, W R AD - U.S. FDA Office of Seafood, College Park, MD, USA Y1 - 2002///0, PY - 2002 DA - 0, 2002 SP - 463 EP - 471 VL - 16 SN - 0191-8575, 0191-8575 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Marine KW - Biodegradation KW - Bioremediation KW - Marine pollution KW - Removal KW - Fuels KW - Microorganisms KW - Oil pollution KW - Oil spills KW - Pollution control KW - O 4095:Instruments/Methods KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18605664?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ocean+Yearbook&rft.atitle=Prospects+for+Pollution+Reduction+by+Bioremediation+in+the+Marine+Environment&rft.au=Jones%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=&rft.spage=463&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ocean+Yearbook&rft.issn=01918575&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioremediation; Biodegradation; Removal; Marine pollution; Fuels; Microorganisms; Oil pollution; Oil spills; Pollution control; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Technologies for today's mine emergency responders AN - 18541432; 5491449 AB - Historically, underground mine rescue teams have only received training in the course of actual emergencies, or in simulated mine environments, usually on the surface, with placards to identify objects and hazards. Also, while US Federal Regulations require all underground miners to walk escapeways and conduct fire drills every 90 days in a smoke-free environment, this does not fully prepare them for the conditions that will be encountered in real escape situations. This paper describes technology and realistic training simulations that have been identified for the general workforce and mine emergency responders. Of all the technology evaluated by underground personnel, laser lights and lifelines were most beneficial in leading personnel to safety and out of the mine in smoke-filled passageways. These technological advancements can improve the state of readiness for rescue personnel and increase the chances of survival for personnel escaping from underground emergencies. JF - International Journal of Emergency Management AU - Conti, R S AU - Chasko, L L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, P.O. Box 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA, rkc4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 VL - 1 IS - 2 SN - 1471-4825, 1471-4825 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18541432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Emergency+Management&rft.atitle=Technologies+for+today%27s+mine+emergency+responders&rft.au=Conti%2C+R+S%3BChasko%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Conti&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Emergency+Management&rft.issn=14714825&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of Screening Algorithms and Computer Systems to Efficiently Signal Higher-Than-Expected Combinations of Drugs and Events in the US FDA's Spontaneous Reports Database AN - 18499615; 5473083 AB - Since 1998, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been exploring new automated and rapid Bayesian data mining techniques. These techniques have been used to systematically screen the FDA's huge MedWatch database of voluntary reports of adverse drug events for possible events of concern. The data mining method currently being used is the Multi-Item Gamma Poisson Shrinker (MGPS) program that replaced the Gamma Poisson Shrinker (GPS) program we originally used with the legacy database. The MGPS algorithm, the technical aspects of which are summarised in this paper, computes signal scores for pairs, and for higher-order (e.g. triplet, quadruplet) combinations of drugs and events that are significantly more frequent than their pair-wise associations would predict. MGPS generates consistent, redundant, and replicable signals while minimising random patterns. Signals are generated without using external exposure data, adverse event background information, or medical information on adverse drug reactions. The MGPS interface streamlines multiple input-output processes that previously had been manually integrated. The system, however, cannot distinguish between already-known associations and new associations, so the reviewers must filter these events. In addition to detecting possible serious single-drug adverse event problems, MGPS is currently being evaluated to detect possible synergistic interactions between drugs (drug interactions) and adverse events (syndromes), and to detect differences among subgroups defined by gender and by age, such as paediatrics and geriatrics. In the current data, only 3.4% of all 1.2 million drug-event pairs ever reported (with frequencies greater than or equal to 1) generate signals [lower 95% confidence interval limit of the adjusted ratios of the observed counts over expected (O/E) counts (denoted EB05) of greater than or equal to 2]. The total frequency count that contributed to signals comprised 23% (2.4 million) of the total number, 10.4 million of drug-event pairs reported, greatly facilitating a more focused follow-up and evaluation. The algorithm provides an objective, systematic view of the data alerting reviewers to critically important, new safety signals. The study of signals detected by current methods, signals stored in the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research's Monitoring Adverse Reports Tracking System, and the signals regarding cerivastatin, a cholesterol-lowering drug voluntarily withdrawn from the market in August 2001, exemplify the potential of data mining to improve early signal detection. The operating characteristics of data mining in detecting early safety signals, exemplified by studying a drug recently well characterised by large clinical trials confirms our experience that the signals generated by data mining have high enough specificity to deserve further investigation. The application of these tools may ultimately improve usage recommendations. JF - Drug Safety AU - Szarfman, A AU - Machado, S G AU - O'Neill, R T AD - Office of Biostatistics, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 381 EP - 382 VL - 25 IS - 6 SN - 0114-5916, 0114-5916 KW - FDA KW - USFDA KW - data mining KW - man KW - screening KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - W4 140:Bioinformatics & Computers in Health & Medicine KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18499615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+Safety&rft.atitle=Use+of+Screening+Algorithms+and+Computer+Systems+to+Efficiently+Signal+Higher-Than-Expected+Combinations+of+Drugs+and+Events+in+the+US+FDA%27s+Spontaneous+Reports+Database&rft.au=Szarfman%2C+A%3BMachado%2C+S+G%3BO%27Neill%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Szarfman&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+Safety&rft.issn=01145916&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of mutant spectra generated by a forward mutational assay for gene A of Phi X174 from ENU-treated transgenic mouse embryonic cell line PX-2 AN - 18485318; 5453998 AB - The sensitivity of in vivo transgenic mutation assays benefits from the sequencing of mutations, although the large number of possible mutations hinders high throughput sequencing. A forward mutational assay exists for Phi X174 that requires an altered, functional Phi X174 protein and therefore should have fewer targets (sense, base-pair substitutions) than forward assays that inactivate a protein. We investigated this assay to determine the number of targets and their suitability for detecting a known mutagen, N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). We identified 25 target sites and 33 different mutations in Phi X174 gene A after sequencing over 350 spontaneous and ENU-induced mutants, mostly from mouse embryonic cell line PX-2 isolated from mice transgenic for Phi X174 am3, cs70 (line 54). All six types of base-pair substitution were represented among both the spontaneous and ENU-treated mutant spectra. The mutant spectra from cells treated with 200 and 400 mu g/ml ENU were both highly different from the spontaneous spectrum (P < 0.000001) but not from each other. The dose trend was significant (P < 0.0001) for a linear regression of mutant frequencies (R super(2) = 0.79), with a ninefold increase in mutant frequency at the 400 mu g/ml dose. The spontaneous mutant frequency was 1.9 x 10 super(-5) and the spontaneous spectrum occurred at 11 target base pairs with 15 different mutations. Thirteen mutations at 12 targets were identified only from ENU-treated cells. Seven mutations had highly significant increases with ENU treatment (P < 0.0001) and 15 showed significant increases. The results suggest that the Phi X174 forward assay might be developed into a sensitive, inexpensive in vivo mutagenicity assay. JF - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis AU - Valentine, C R AU - Montgomery, BA AU - Miller, S G AU - Delongchamp, R R AU - Fane, BA AU - Malling, H V AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, HFT-120, Jefferson, AR 72079-9501, USA, cvalentine@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 55 EP - 68 VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Phi double prime X174 protein KW - assays KW - mice KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - G 07220:General theory/testing systems KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18485318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+mutant+spectra+generated+by+a+forward+mutational+assay+for+gene+A+of+Phi+X174+from+ENU-treated+transgenic+mouse+embryonic+cell+line+PX-2&rft.au=Valentine%2C+C+R%3BMontgomery%2C+BA%3BMiller%2C+S+G%3BDelongchamp%2C+R+R%3BFane%2C+BA%3BMalling%2C+H+V&rft.aulast=Valentine&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fem.10043 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/em.10043 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutagenicity of gamma -Radiation, Mitomycin C, and Etoposide in the Hprt and Tk Genes of Tk super(+/-) Mice AN - 18474781; 5446474 AB - The recently developed Tk super(+/-) mouse detects in vivo somatic cell mutation in the endogenous, autosomal Tk gene. To evaluate the sensitivity of this model, we have treated Tk super(+/-) mice with three agents that induce DNA damage by different mechanisms, and determined spleen lymphocyte mutant frequencies (MFs) in the autosomal Tk gene and in the X-linked Hprt gene. gamma -Radiation, which produces single- and double-strand breaks by non-specific oxidative stress, efficiently increased Hprt MF, but not Tk MF. Mitomycin C, which produces bulky DNA monoadducts and crosslinks, was mutagenic in both the Hprt and Tk genes, but the response was greater in the Tk gene. An inhibitor of the ligase function of DNA topoisomerase II, etoposide, did not increase Hprt MF, and induced a small, but nonsignificant increase in Tk MF. Combined with previous data, the results indicate that the two genes are differentially sensitive to many agents, and that the Tk gene is more sensitive than the Hprt gene to some, but not all types of DNA damage. JF - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis AU - Dobrovolsky, V N AU - Shaddock, J G AU - Heflich, R H AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, HFT-120, U.S. FDA/National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, vdobrovolsky@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 342 EP - 347 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Hprt gene KW - Mitomycin C KW - double prime Tk gene KW - mice KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - G 07231:Radiation (gamma) KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18474781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Mutagenicity+of+gamma+-Radiation%2C+Mitomycin+C%2C+and+Etoposide+in+the+Hprt+and+Tk+Genes+of+Tk+super%28%2B%2F-%29+Mice&rft.au=Dobrovolsky%2C+V+N%3BShaddock%2C+J+G%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Dobrovolsky&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=342&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fem.10074 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/em.10074 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutant Frequency and Mutational Spectra in the Tk and Hprt Genes of N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea-Treated Mouse Lymphoma Cells AN - 18474547; 5446470 AB - The mouse lymphoma assay (MLA) utilizing the Tk gene is widely used to identify chemical mutagens. The autosomal location of the Tk gene allows for the detection of a wide range of mutational events, from point mutations to chromosome alterations. However, chemically induced point mutation spectra in the Tk gene of mouse lymphoma cells have not been characterized. In this study, we determined and compared the mutagenicity and mutational spectra of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) in the Tk and Hprt genes of mouse lymphoma cells. Treatment of L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells with 100 mu g/ml ENU induced a Tk mutant frequency of 756 x 10 super(-6) and an Hprt mutant frequency of 311 x 10 super(-6). Sequence analysis of Tk and Hprt mutant cDNAs showed a similar overall mutation pattern in the two genes with base-pair substitutions accounting for 83% of non-loss of heterozygosity mutations in the Tk gene and 75% of all mutations in the Hprt gene. The most common point mutation induced by ENU was G:C arrow right A:T transition (36 and 28% of independent mutations detected in the Tk and Hprt genes, respectively). The mutation spectra induced by ENU in both the Tk and Hprt genes were different from the respective patterns produced in mutants from untreated cells. About 9% of Tk and 7% of Hprt mutations from control cells were in-frame deletions, whereas no such mutations were found among the ENU-induced Tk and Hprt mutations. Our results indicate that ENU produces a chemical-specific point mutational profile in the Tk gene of mouse lymphoma cells that is remarkably similar to that found in the X-linked Hprt gene. This study provides evidence that the MLA can be used not only to detect point mutagens but also for analysis of mutational spectra. JF - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis AU - Chen, Tao AU - Harrington-Brock, K AU - Moore, M M AD - FDA/National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, HFT-130, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, tchen@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 296 EP - 305 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Hprt gene KW - L5178Y cells KW - double prime Tk gene KW - mice KW - mutational spectra KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24200:Nitrosamines & related compounds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18474547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Mutant+Frequency+and+Mutational+Spectra+in+the+Tk+and+Hprt+Genes+of+N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea-Treated+Mouse+Lymphoma+Cells&rft.au=Chen%2C+Tao%3BHarrington-Brock%2C+K%3BMoore%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Tao&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=296&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fem.10075 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/em.10075 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring the Safety of Vaccines: Assessing the Risks AN - 18470037; 5435421 AB - The safety of vaccines, particularly the most widely used vaccines to which most children are exposed as infants and toddlers, has always been an extremely high priority for vaccine manufacturers and government agencies. Products intended for healthy people must be held to a high standard of safety assurance. In addition to the intense safety assessments conducted prior to licensure, post-marketing surveillance programmes are essential to identify and study possible risks that occur too rarely to have been identified in pre-licensure studies or that occur in populations not studied in pre-licensure studies. Studying rare risks of vaccines is more complex than for therapeutic products because the exposure is virtually universal for many vaccines, ensuring occurrence simply by chance of many adverse outcomes in temporal association with vaccination. In the US the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD), a consortium of managed care organisations, has been established to study more rigourously possible vaccine-associated risks. These risks may be identified through reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), the nationwide passive surveillance programme, as well as other sources. The combination of passive surveillance and more structured case-control or cohort studies possible in the VSD has helped to both identify new vaccine risks and to provide reassuring evidence of lack of risk in other situations where concerns have been raised. JF - Drug Safety AU - Ellenberg, S S AU - Braun, M M AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 1401 Rockville Pike, HFM-210, Rockville, MD 20852, USA Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 145 EP - 152 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0114-5916, 0114-5916 KW - vaccines KW - Risk Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18470037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+Safety&rft.atitle=Monitoring+the+Safety+of+Vaccines%3A+Assessing+the+Risks&rft.au=Ellenberg%2C+S+S%3BBraun%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Ellenberg&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+Safety&rft.issn=01145916&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suggested guidelines for studying the combined effects of occupational exposure to noise and chemicals on hearing AN - 18466298; 5436739 AB - The present document, which describes recommended standardized procedures, aims to assist individual investigators plan a study on the effects of industrial chemicals on the auditory system, collect and analyze environmental and hearing sensitivity data that are accurate and comparable to data acquired by others. This draft document is currently being reviewed by the NoiseChem Research Group. In this peer review stage we are currently accepting critiques and suggestions to this proposal. Investigations on the aforementioned topic are necessary since there is strong evidence that occupational hearing loss may be caused not only by noise but also by exposure to certain chemicals in the work environment. Since some industrial chemicals are known to be ototoxic, it is plausible to expect that if these chemicals occurred in high enough concentrations in the workplace they could affect hearing. Laboratory studies have yielded a finding not expected, namely that when simultaneous exposure to noise and chemicals occur, the hearing loss observed was greater than the expected hearing loss from noise added to the expected hearing loss from the chemical. If this synergism is verified in humans, then changes will be required in the limits that are set for occupational hazards in order to prevent occupational hearing loss. JF - Noise & Health AU - Morata, T C AU - Little, M B AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway/ C27, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, tmorata@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 73 EP - 87 VL - 4 IS - 14 SN - 1463-1741, 1463-1741 KW - ototoxicity KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - P 7000:NOISE KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18466298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Noise+%26+Health&rft.atitle=Suggested+guidelines+for+studying+the+combined+effects+of+occupational+exposure+to+noise+and+chemicals+on+hearing&rft.au=Morata%2C+T+C%3BLittle%2C+M+B&rft.aulast=Morata&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Noise+%26+Health&rft.issn=14631741&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to crystalline silica, silicosis, and lung disease other than cancer in diatomaceous earth industry workers: a quantitative risk assessment AN - 18462914; 5436757 AB - Objectives: To estimate excess lifetime risk of (a) mortality from lung disease other than cancer (LDOC), and (b) onset of radiographic silicosis, arising from occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica dust. Methods: Data from a cohort of California diatomaceous earth mining and processing workers exposed to crystalline silica dust (mainly as cristobalite) were reanalyzed with Poisson regression methods with internal and external adjustments for potential confounding by calendar time, age, smoking, Hispanic ethnicity, and time since first observation. Model fit was evaluated by comparing deviances and fitting cubic spline models. Lifetime risks of death from LDOC and radiographic silicosis were estimated up to age 85 with an actuarial approach accounting for competing causes of death. Results: For deaths due to LDOC, a linear relative rate model gave the best fit in Poisson regression analyses. At the mean cumulative exposure of LDOC cases to silica, after adjustment for smoking, the estimated rate ratio was 4.2 (p<0.0001); at the maximum cumulative exposure of cases, the rate ratio was 18.4. The excess lifetime risk for white men exposed to respirable cristobalite dust for 45 years at the current permissible exposure limit (PEL; about 0.05 mg/m super(3)) of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration was 54/1000 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 17 to 150). For 70 incident cases of radiographic silicosis largely manifest before the end of employment, the best fit was also the linear relative rate model, predicting a rate ratio of 25.6 for silicosis at the mean cumulative exposure of the cases (p<0.0001). The excess lifetime risk for silicosis at the current PEL was 75/1000. Conclusion: Current occupational health standards for crystalline silica permit risks of lung disease other than cancer far in excess of what is usually considered acceptable by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (a lifetime risk of less than one in a thousand deaths). JF - Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Park, R AU - Rice, F AU - Stayner, L AU - Smith, R AU - Gilbert, S AU - Checkoway, H AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, rhp9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 36 EP - 43 VL - 59 IS - 1 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18462914?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+crystalline+silica%2C+silicosis%2C+and+lung+disease+other+than+cancer+in+diatomaceous+earth+industry+workers%3A+a+quantitative+risk+assessment&rft.au=Park%2C+R%3BRice%2C+F%3BStayner%2C+L%3BSmith%2C+R%3BGilbert%2C+S%3BCheckoway%2C+H&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ototoxic effects of styrene alone or in concert with other agents: A review AN - 18462842; 5436733 AB - Styrene is an organic solvent employed in many manufacturing industries, as well as in other economic sectors. Recently, evidence is beginning to accumulate on the hazardous effects that styrene exposures have on the auditory system. In rats, a well-suited metabolic animal model for these studies, aromatic solvents seem to affect the auditory sensitivity mainly in the cochlear mid-frequency range. Outer hair cells are the primary targets within the organ of Corti, although the spiral ganglions are not spared. Therefore, styrene must be considered as an ototoxic chemical agent that can be potentially neurotoxic. Finally, noise-styrene exposures can have synergistic effects on the auditory system. The findings reported in both human and animal studies indicate that exposures to styrene, or to styrene associated to noise, may dramatically impact occupational hearing conservation practices and legislation. Human and animal studies will be summarized in discussing the effects of styrene alone or in combination with noise and other chemicals. Gaps in scientific knowledge are highlighted to assist future research. JF - Noise & Health AU - Morata, T C AU - Campo, P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, 4676 Columbia Parkway/ MS:C27 Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA, tmorata@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 15 EP - 24 VL - 4 IS - 14 SN - 1463-1741, 1463-1741 KW - ototoxicity KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18462842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Noise+%26+Health&rft.atitle=Ototoxic+effects+of+styrene+alone+or+in+concert+with+other+agents%3A+A+review&rft.au=Morata%2C+T+C%3BCampo%2C+P&rft.aulast=Morata&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Noise+%26+Health&rft.issn=14631741&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Escherichia coli O111 Isolates of Animal and Human Origin AN - 18443197; 5420760 AB - Fifty isolates of Escherichia coli serogroup O111 recovered from humans and various animal species over a 24-year period (1976-1999) were examined for typical virulence-associated factors and susceptibilities to antimicrobials of human and veterinary significance. Nine H (flagellar) types were identified including nonmotile (n = 24), 32 (n = 12), negative (n = 5), and 56 (n = 3). Thirty-five (70%) isolates possessed at least one Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli (STEC)-associated virulence determinants (eae, stx1, stx2, hlyA) via PCR analysis. Of these 35 isolates, 20 possessed eae, stx1, and hlyA genes, whereas three isolates possessed eae, stx1, stx2, and hylA genes. Multiple antibiotic resistance was observed in 70% of the 50 E. coli O111 isolates. The majority of isolates displayed resistance to streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and kanamycin. Bacterial resistance to ampicillin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim and apramycin was also observed. Integrons were identified in 23 (46%) of the E. coli isolates assayed, with a 1-kb amplicon being most frequently observed. DNA sequencing of these integrons revealed the presence of the aadA gene, encoding resistance to streptomycin. Two integrons of 1.5 and 2 kb contained the aadA2 and either dfrI or dfrXII genes, encoding resistance to streptomycin and trimethoprim, respectively. Integrons were also identified from isolates dating back to 1982. Isolates were further genetically characterized via ribotyping, which identified 15 distinct ribogroups, with 62% of isolates clustering into four major ribogroups. Certain riboprint patterns from different animal species, including humans, were observed in isolates spanning the 24-year collection period, suggesting the dissemination of specialized pathogenic O111 clones. JF - Microbial Drug Resistance AU - White, D G AU - Zhao, S AU - McDermott, P F AU - Ayers, S AU - Gaines, S AU - Friedman, S AU - Wagner, D D AU - Meng, J AU - Needle, D AU - Davis, M AU - DebRoy, C AD - Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, HFV-530, Laurel, MD 20708, USA, dwhite@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 139 EP - 146 VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1076-6294, 1076-6294 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18443197?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Drug+Resistance&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Antimicrobial+Resistance+Among+Escherichia+coli+O111+Isolates+of+Animal+and+Human+Origin&rft.au=White%2C+D+G%3BZhao%2C+S%3BMcDermott%2C+P+F%3BAyers%2C+S%3BGaines%2C+S%3BFriedman%2C+S%3BWagner%2C+D+D%3BMeng%2C+J%3BNeedle%2C+D%3BDavis%2C+M%3BDebRoy%2C+C&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Drug+Resistance&rft.issn=10766294&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developing a culture of safety in a reluctant audience AN - 18441936; 5423734 AB - OBJECTIVE: To describe the injury pattern of skateboarding injuries today. METHODS: The pattern of injuries, circumstances, and severity were investigated in a study of 139 people injured in skateboarding accidents during 1995 through 1998 inclusive and admitted to the University Hospital of Umea, Umea, Sweden. This is the only hospital in the area, serving a population of 135,000. RESULTS: Of the 139 injured, 3 were pedestrians hit by a skateboard rider; the rest were riders. The age range was 7 to 47 years (mean, 16.0). The severity of the injuries was minor (Abbreviated Injury Scale 1) to moderate (Abbreviated Injury Scale 2); fractures were classified as moderate. The annual number of injuries increased during the study period. Fractures were found in 29% of the casualties, and four children had concussion. The most common fractures were of the ankle and wrist. Older patients had less severe injuries, mainly sprains and soft tissue injuries. Most children were injured while skateboarding on ramps and at arenas; only 12 (9%) were injured while skateboarding on roads. Some 37% of the injuries occurred because of a loss of balance and 26% because of a failed trick attempt. Falls caused by surface irregularities resulted in the highest proportion of the moderate injuries. CONCLUSIONS: Skateboarding should be restricted to supervised skateboard parks, and skateboarders should be required to wear protective gear. These measures would reduce the number of skateboarders injured in motor vehicle collisions, the personal injuries among skateboarders, and the number of pedestrians injured in collisions with skateboarders. JF - The Western Journal of Medicine AU - Schieber, R A AU - Olson, S J AD - Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), US Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - E1 EP - E2 VL - 176 SN - 0093-0415, 0093-0415 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18441936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Western+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Developing+a+culture+of+safety+in+a+reluctant+audience&rft.au=Schieber%2C+R+A%3BOlson%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Schieber&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=176&rft.issue=&rft.spage=E1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Western+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.issn=00930415&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and Evaluation of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines: Clinical Trials and Control Tests AN - 18402517; 5390102 AB - Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media and is responsible for disease in young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Emerging high-level resistance to penicillin, multiple antibiotics, and tolerance to vancomycin emphasizes the importance of preventing pneumococcal infection by alternative methods such as immunization. The development of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines using the same carrier proteins as those used in Hemophilus influenzae type b vaccines has enhanced the immune response in infants and children compared with polysaccharide vaccines and has significantly improved the ability to prevent pneumococcal disease in this population worldwide. Here we review the clinical trials of multivalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines under evaluation, identify potential carrier proteins considered for development of future pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, discuss issues regarding licensure of new candidate vaccines from a clinical trial and quality control perspective, and alternative vaccine strategies for the prevention of pneumococcal disease. JF - Critical Reviews in Microbiology AU - Lee, L H AU - Lee, Chi-Jen AU - Frasch, CE AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 27 EP - 41 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 1040-841X, 1040-841X KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18402517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Reviews+in+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Development+and+Evaluation+of+Pneumococcal+Conjugate+Vaccines%3A+Clinical+Trials+and+Control+Tests&rft.au=Lee%2C+L+H%3BLee%2C+Chi-Jen%3BFrasch%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+Reviews+in+Microbiology&rft.issn=1040841X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in U.S. Retail Shell Oysters: A National Survey from June 1998 to July 1999 AN - 18398421; 5368591 AB - From June 1998 to July 1999, 370 lots of oysters in the shell were sampled at 275 different establishments (71%, restaurants or oyster bars; 27%, retail seafood markets; and 2%, wholesale seafood markets) in coastal and inland markets throughout the United States. The oysters were harvested from the Gulf (49%), Pacific (14%), Mid-Atlantic (18%), and North Atlantic (11%) Coasts of the United States and from Canada (8%). Densities of Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were determined using a modification of the most probable number (MPN) techniques described in the Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual. DNA probes and enzyme immunoassay were used to identify suspect isolates and to determine the presence of the thermostable direct hemolysin gene associated with pathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus. Densities of both V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus in market oysters from all harvest regions followed a seasonal distribution, with highest densities in the summer. Highest densities of both organisms were observed in oysters harvested from the Gulf Coast, where densities often exceeded 10,000 MPN/g. The majority (78%) of lots harvested in the North Atlantic, Pacific, and Canadian Coasts had V. vulnificus densities below the detectable level of 0.2 MPN/g; none exceeded 100 MPN/g. V. parahaemolyticus densities were greater than those of V. vulnificus in lots from these same areas, with some lots exceeding 1,000 MPN/g for V. parahaemolyticus. Some lots from the Mid-Atlantic states exceeded 10,000 MPN/g for both V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus. Overall, there was a significant correlation between V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus densities (r = 0.72, n = 202, P < 0.0001), but neither density correlated with salinity. Storage time significantly affected the V. vulnificus (10% decrease per day) and V. parahaemolyticus (7% decrease per day) densities in market oysters. The thermostable direct hemolysin gene associated with V. parahaemolyticus virulence was detected in 9 of 3,429 (0.3%) V. parahaemolyticus cultures and in 8 of 198 (4.0%) lots of oysters. These data can be used to estimate the exposure of raw oyster consumers to V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Cook, D W AU - O'Leary, P AU - Hunsucker, J C AU - Sloan, E M AU - Bowers, J C AU - Blodgett, R J AU - DePaola, A AD - Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, Food and Drug Administration, Iberville Drive, Dauphin Island, Alabama 36528, USA Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 79 EP - 87 VL - 65 IS - 1 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - oysters KW - survey KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Q5 01524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - Q1 01627:Food quality and standards KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18398421?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Vibrio+vulnificus+and+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus+in+U.S.+Retail+Shell+Oysters%3A+A+National+Survey+from+June+1998+to+July+1999&rft.au=Cook%2C+D+W%3BO%27Leary%2C+P%3BHunsucker%2C+J+C%3BSloan%2C+E+M%3BBowers%2C+J+C%3BBlodgett%2C+R+J%3BDePaola%2C+A&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atenolol: pharmacokinetic/dynamic aspects of comparative developmental toxicity AN - 18386146; 5377349 AB - Atenolol is a cardioselective beta -adrenoreceptor blocking agent, used for treatment of hypertension, including hypertension in pregnancy. Beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists have been implicated in the production of intrauterine growth retardation and a considerable range of neonatal problems including hypoglycemia, bradycardia, respiratory depression and death. The relationship between these complications and drug administration is often difficult to evaluate because of the anecdotal or retrospective nature of observations. In addition, since beta -blockers are used in pregnancies having a major complication (e.g. severe hypertension), it can be very difficult to differentiate drug effects on the fetus from those caused by the underlying maternal disease. This paper reviews pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic issues relevant to atenolol prenatal toxicity in humans and in experimental animal species with the aim of better understanding the origin of adverse developmental outcomes that have been associated with atenolol exposures in pregnancy. JF - Reproductive Toxicology AU - Tabacova, SA AU - Kimmel, CA AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA, STabacova@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 1 EP - 7 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - atenolol KW - pharmacokinetics KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24114:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18386146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Atenolol%3A+pharmacokinetic%2Fdynamic+aspects+of+comparative+developmental+toxicity&rft.au=Tabacova%2C+SA%3BKimmel%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Tabacova&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+Toxicology&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mass spectrometric determination of p-nonylphenol metabolism and disposition following oral administration to Sprague-Dawley rats AN - 18384848; 5377353 AB - Isomers of 4-nonylphenol (NP), which are important industrial compounds and environmental breakdown products from widely used surfactants, have estrogenic activity in vitro and in vivo that has prompted interest in its potential for modulation of endocrine function in humans and wildlife. Mass spectrometry was used to quantify NP and metabolites in serum and endocrine-responsive tissues from dietary exposure in Sprague-Dawley rats. Tissue accumulation of NP aglycone was observed despite the predominance of glucuronidation in blood. Serum toxicokinetics of total NP, measured following gavage administration, showed rapid absorption and elimination (average half-times 0.8 and 3.5 h, respectively). NP was similarly administered by gavage to pregnant dams and total and aglycone NP were measured in dam serum and fetuses to show placental transfer into serum and brain. These data provide a basis for future correlations of biologic effects observed following dietary exposure in rats with those predicted from environmental exposures to humans. JF - Reproductive Toxicology AU - Doerge AU - Twaddle, N C AU - Churchwell, MI AU - Chang, H C AU - Newbold, R R AU - Delclos, K B AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, ddoerge@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 45 EP - 56 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18384848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Mass+spectrometric+determination+of+p-nonylphenol+metabolism+and+disposition+following+oral+administration+to+Sprague-Dawley+rats&rft.au=Doerge%3BTwaddle%2C+N+C%3BChurchwell%2C+MI%3BChang%2C+H+C%3BNewbold%2C+R+R%3BDelclos%2C+K+B&rft.aulast=Doerge&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+Toxicology&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adenoviral Vectors Do Not Induce, Inhibit, or Potentiate Human Platelet Aggregation AN - 18274806; 5330173 AB - Adenoviruses are commonly used as vectors in human clinical gene therapy trials. High doses of intravenous adenovirus vectors have been associated with development of thrombocytopenia of undetermined origin. Viral internalization requires the presence cell surface integrins, alpha sub(v) beta sub(3) or alpha sub(v) beta sub(5), that can blind ligands with a arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence. This sequence is found in the adenovirus penton base. Platelets express the alpha sub(v) beta sub(3) integrin and other integrins that bind the RGD sequence of ligands such as fibrinogen, laminin, vitronectin, and von Willebrand factor (vWF). Platelet aggregation is mediated, in part, by the binding of the RGD sequence of fibrinogen to a platelet surface integrin, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa). We investigated whether adenovirus particles could interfere with or potentiate agonist-induced platelet aggregation. Incubation of platelet-rich plasma with adenovirus under stirred conditions did not promote spontaneous aggregation. The addition of physiological platelet agonists, ADP, collagen, or epinephrine, induced platelet aggregation. However, the presence of adenovirus in a wide range of concentrations did not inhibit or potentiate agonist-induced aggregation. These results suggest that the adenovirus-associated thrombocytopenia observed in vivo is independent of a direct effect of the virus on platelet aggregation. JF - Human Gene Therapy AU - Eggerman, T L AU - Mondoro, TH AU - Lozier, J N AU - Vostal, J G AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Room 321, Building 29, HFM-335, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, vostal@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/01/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 01 SP - 125 EP - 128 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 1043-0342, 1043-0342 KW - man KW - fibrinogen KW - laminin KW - vitronectin KW - von Willebrand factor KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Expression vectors KW - Gene therapy KW - Cell aggregation KW - Platelets KW - Adenovirus KW - W3 33181:Gene therapy vectors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18274806?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Gene+Therapy&rft.atitle=Adenoviral+Vectors+Do+Not+Induce%2C+Inhibit%2C+or+Potentiate+Human+Platelet+Aggregation&rft.au=Eggerman%2C+T+L%3BMondoro%2C+TH%3BLozier%2C+J+N%3BVostal%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Eggerman&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+Gene+Therapy&rft.issn=10430342&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Adenoviral Vector Safety and Toxicity. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Adenovirus; Cell aggregation; Platelets; Expression vectors; Gene therapy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of a First-Generation Adenoviral Vector in Rhesus Macaques AN - 18271707; 5330172 AB - We constructed a first-generation adenovirus vector (AVC3FIX5) that we used to assess the rhesus macaque as a nonhuman primate model for preclinical testing of hemophilia B gene therapy vectors. Although we succeeded in our primary objective of demonstrating expression of human factor IX we encountered numerous toxic side effects that proved to be dose limiting. Following intravenous administration of AVC3FIX5 at doses of 3.4 x 10 super(11) vector particles/kg to 3.8 x 10 super(12) vector particles/kg, the animals in our study developed antibodies against human factor IX, and dose-dependent elevations of enzymes specific for liver, muscle, and lung injury. In addition, these animals showed dose-dependent prolongation of clotting times as well as acute, dose-dependent decreases in platelet counts and concomitant elevation of fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor. These abnormalities may be caused by the direct toxic effects of the adenovirus vector itself, or may result indirectly from the accompanying acute inflammatory response marked by elevations in IL-6, a key regulator of the acute inflammatory response. The rhesus macaque may be a useful animal model in which to evaluate mechanisms of adenovirus toxicities that have been encountered during clinical gene therapy trials. JF - Human Gene Therapy AU - Lozier, J N AU - Csako, G AU - Mondoro, TH AU - Krizek, D M AU - Metzger, ME AU - Costello, R AU - Vostal, J G AU - Rick, ME AU - Donahue, R E AU - Morgan, R A AD - Laboratory of Hemostasis, Division of Hematology, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (FDA), 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852, USA, lozier@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/01/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 01 SP - 113 EP - 124 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 1043-0342, 1043-0342 KW - Rhesus monkey KW - coagulation factor IX KW - fibrinogen KW - von Willebrand factor KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Expression vectors KW - Antibodies KW - Adenovirus KW - Macaca mulatta KW - W3 33181:Gene therapy vectors KW - X 24115:Pathology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18271707?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Gene+Therapy&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+a+First-Generation+Adenoviral+Vector+in+Rhesus+Macaques&rft.au=Lozier%2C+J+N%3BCsako%2C+G%3BMondoro%2C+TH%3BKrizek%2C+D+M%3BMetzger%2C+ME%3BCostello%2C+R%3BVostal%2C+J+G%3BRick%2C+ME%3BDonahue%2C+R+E%3BMorgan%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Lozier&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+Gene+Therapy&rft.issn=10430342&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Adenoviral Vector Safety and Toxicity. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Adenovirus; Macaca mulatta; Expression vectors; Antibodies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of dietary administration of genistein, nonylphenol or ethinyl estradiol on hepatic testosterone metabolism, cytochrome P-450 enzymes, and estrogen receptor alpha expression AN - 18253864; 5316260 AB - The objective of this study was to examine effects of estrogenic agents of varying potencies (genistein, p-nonylphenol, and ethinyl estradiol) on hepatic testosterone metabolism, cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) enzymes, and ER alpha expression. These endpoints were examined as potential biomarkers of, and contributors to, endocrine disruptive activity. Exposure occurred during critical developmental periods, from gestational day 7 through weaning via the mothers' diet. Thereafter, rats were exposed via their diet to the compounds until puberty (postnatal day 50). Testosterone hydroxylase and 5 alpha -reductase activities, CYP2C and CYP3A levels were determined. In general, the compounds were more active in male rats than female rats. The only effect observed in female rats was at the 250 ppm genistein dose, in which an approximately 40% increase in 5 alpha -reductase activity was observed. In male rats, genistein treatment had mixed effects on testosterone metabolism. The 1250 ppm dose decreased both CYP2C and CYP3A protein levels. Nonylphenol had the most profound effects on testosterone metabolism and CYP450 expression in male rats, with effects occurring at doses as low as 25 ppm. An increase in 5 alpha -reductase activity and a decrease in the formation of 16 alpha -OH-, 2 alpha -OH-testosterone metabolites, CYP2C and CYP3A protein were observed. EE2 decreased the formation of several testosterone metabolites and CYP2C protein. All compounds had some effect on hepatic ER alpha expression, although a consistent effect was not observed. This study demonstrates that the test compounds can influence hepatic testosterone hydroxylase activity and CYP450 expression, as well as ER alpha expression, although these activities cannot be directly related to estrogenic activity. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Laurenzana, E M AU - Weis, C C AU - Bryant, C W AU - Newbold, R AU - Delclos, K B AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, bdelclos@netr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 53 EP - 63 VL - 40 IS - 1 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - rats KW - metabolism KW - 5 alpha -Reductase KW - CYP2C protein KW - CYP3A protein KW - development KW - estrogen receptor- alpha KW - ethinyl estradiol KW - genistein KW - p-Nonylphenol KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - 5^a-Reductase KW - estrogen receptor-^a KW - Estrogens KW - Testosterone KW - Liver KW - Cytochrome P450 KW - Endocrine system KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18253864?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+dietary+administration+of+genistein%2C+nonylphenol+or+ethinyl+estradiol+on+hepatic+testosterone+metabolism%2C+cytochrome+P-450+enzymes%2C+and+estrogen+receptor+alpha+expression&rft.au=Laurenzana%2C+E+M%3BWeis%2C+C+C%3BBryant%2C+C+W%3BNewbold%2C+R%3BDelclos%2C+K+B&rft.aulast=Laurenzana&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Endocrine system; Cytochrome P450; Liver; Testosterone; Estrogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of the Length of the Lipooligosaccharide alpha Chain on Its Sialylation in Neisseria meningitidis AN - 18220659; 5288611 AB - The sialylation of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) in Neisseria meningitidis plays a role in the resistance of the organism to killing by normal human serum. The length of the alpha chain extending out from the heptose I [Hep (I)] moiety of LOS influenced sialylation of N. meningitidis LOS in vitro and in vivo. The alpha chain required a terminal Gal and a trisaccharide or longer oligosaccharide to serve as an acceptor for sialylation. The disaccharide lactose (Gals1-4Glc) in the alpha chain of immunotype L8 LOS could not function as an acceptor for the sialyltransferase, probably due to steric hindrance imposed by the neighboring Hep (II) with phosphorylethanolamine and another group attached. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Tsai, C AU - Kao, G AU - Zhu, P AD - Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics, Food and Drug Administration, HFM-428, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852., tsai@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 407 EP - 411 VL - 70 IS - 1 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - sialylation KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Chains KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - Phagocytosis KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18220659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Influence+of+the+Length+of+the+Lipooligosaccharide+alpha+Chain+on+Its+Sialylation+in+Neisseria+meningitidis&rft.au=Tsai%2C+C%3BKao%2C+G%3BZhu%2C+P&rft.aulast=Tsai&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.70.1.407-411.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neisseria meningitidis; Chains; Lipopolysaccharides; Phagocytosis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.70.1.407-411.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA Vaccine Combinations Expressing Either Tissue Plasminogen Activator Signal Sequence Fusion Proteins or Ubiquitin-Conjugated Antigens Induce Sustained Protective Immunity in a Mouse Model of Pulmonary Tuberculosis AN - 18218909; 5288653 AB - DNA vaccination has emerged as a powerful approach in the search for a more efficacious vaccine against tuberculosis. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of immunizing with combinations of 10 different tuberculosis DNA vaccines that expressed mycobacterial proteins fused at the N terminus to eukaryotic intracellular targeting sequences. In one vaccine combination, the genes were fused to the tissue plasminogen activator signal sequence (TPA), while in a second combination the same 10 genes were expressed as ubiquitin (Ub)-conjugated proteins. In ex vivo studies in which the secretion of gamma interferon was measured, cellular immune responses were detected in mice vaccinated with either the TPA DNA vaccine combination or the Ub DNA vaccine combination at 7 and 14 days following a low-dose Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge. Moreover, mice vaccinated with the TPA combination, the Ub combination, and Mycobacterium bovis BCG were able to limit the growth of tubercle bacilli in the lung and spleen after a virulent tuberculous aerosol challenge. Histopathological analyses also showed that mice immunized with the DNA vaccine combinations had substantially improved postinfection lung pathology relative to the naive controls. Finally, in three different long-term experiments, the survival periods following aerogenic challenge were extended as much as sevenfold for vaccinated mice compared to naive controls. Interestingly, in all three experiments, no significant differences were detected in the mean times to death for mice immunized with the TPA combination or the Ub combination relative to the BCG controls. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate the effectiveness of immunization with DNA vaccine combinations against tuberculosis and suggest that further testing of these plasmid cocktails is warranted. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Delogu, G AU - Li, A AU - Repique, C AU - Collins, F AU - Morris, S L AD - LMDCI/OVRR/CBER/FDA, HFM-431, Building 29, Room 502, 29 Lincoln Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892., morris@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 292 EP - 302 VL - 70 IS - 1 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - mice KW - Ubiquitin-conjugated protein KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Immunology Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Pathology KW - DNA vaccines KW - Tuberculosis KW - Lung diseases KW - Immunity KW - Mycobacterium bovis KW - t-Plasminogen activator KW - Lung KW - Efficacy KW - Vaccines KW - Fusion protein KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - A 01099:Bacteria and fungi KW - W3 33345:DNA vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - N 14800:Immunological aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18218909?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=DNA+Vaccine+Combinations+Expressing+Either+Tissue+Plasminogen+Activator+Signal+Sequence+Fusion+Proteins+or+Ubiquitin-Conjugated+Antigens+Induce+Sustained+Protective+Immunity+in+a+Mouse+Model+of+Pulmonary+Tuberculosis&rft.au=Delogu%2C+G%3BLi%2C+A%3BRepique%2C+C%3BCollins%2C+F%3BMorris%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Delogu&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=292&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.70.1.292-302.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacterium bovis; DNA vaccines; Immunity; Tuberculosis; Lung diseases; Pathology; t-Plasminogen activator; Efficacy; Lung; Fusion protein; Vaccines DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.70.1.292-302.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population differences in prevalence to Hev b 1 or Hev b 6.02 are not dependent on dermal penetration AN - 17038777; 5556217 AB - Health care workers (HCW) and spina bifida (SB) patients comprise two populations, which are particularly affected by latex allergy and demonstrate different profiles of sero-reactivity to individual latex proteins, with SB patients more frequently having antibodies to Hev b 1 and 3 and HCW to Hev b 5, 6, and 7. Given that HCW have extensive dermal exposure to latex proteins through the use of latex gloves, these studies were conducted to evaluate the percutaneous penetration of Hev b 1 and Hev b 6.02 as a potential factor in the divergent antibody responses observed in HCW and SB patients. Hairless guinea pig skin was used in in vitro flow through cells for percutaneous penetration studies and for immunohistological evaluation of protein localization in the skin. Skin samples were separated into intact and abraded exposure groups based on barrier integrity as measured by a super(3)H sub(2)O barrier test, and radioactive counts were determined for both skin and receptor fluid. Little protein penetration (less than 3%) was observed into or through intact skin samples following exposure to either protein. As expected, the degree of penetration through abraded samples was found to correlate significantly with the degree of abrasion for both proteins. Minimal disruption of the stratum corneum (less than 4% super(3)H sub(2)O penetration) was required to permit up to 50% Hev b 1 penetration. This was in contrast to the relationship observed for Hev b 6.02 where abrasion resulting in greater than 8% super(3)H sub(2)O penetration was required to permit more than 40% penetration of Hev b 6.02. Immunohistochemistry revealed Hev b 1 and Hev b 6.02 localized primarily in the stratum corneum when skin samples were intact and extending into the viable epidermis when abraded. These studies demonstrate that greater than 40% of Hev b 1 and Hev b 6.02 penetrate abraded skin with less abrasion required to achieve a higher degree of penetration with Hev b 1. Other factors including the amounts of individual proteins in latex products and physiological factors other than bioavailability through the skin must be considered in understanding the divergent antibody responses in HCW and SB patients. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology AU - Howell, MD AU - Hayes, B B AU - Meade, B J AD - Agriculture and Immunotoxicology Group, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, bhm8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 293 EP - 305 VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0731-3829, 0731-3829 KW - Hev b 1 protein KW - Hev b 6.02 KW - guinea-pigs KW - health care workers KW - immunohistochemistry KW - lates KW - protein penetration KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24154:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17038777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Cutaneous+and+Ocular+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Population+differences+in+prevalence+to+Hev+b+1+or+Hev+b+6.02+are+not+dependent+on+dermal+penetration&rft.au=Howell%2C+MD%3BHayes%2C+B+B%3BMeade%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Cutaneous+and+Ocular+Toxicology&rft.issn=07313829&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FCUS-120015901 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/CUS-120015901 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clozapine-associated diabetes. AN - 72360261; 11747852 AB - Clozapine is a potent antipsychotic agent that has been marketed since 1990. Several published reports of diabetes mellitus occurring with clozapine therapy have appeared during the past 5 years. Because the risk and characteristics of clozapine-associated diabetes mellitus remain unclear, we conducted a descriptive epidemiologic study of spontaneous adverse event reports of hyperglycemia occurring in clozapine-treated patients. The Food and Drug Administration MedWatch surveillance program was queried (January 1990 through February 2001), and the results were pooled with published cases. Parameters assessed included documentation of diabetes, clinical severity, new-onset diabetes versus exacerbation of preexisting disease, demographic characteristics of patients, time to onset of hyperglycemia, and effect of drug discontinuation and rechallenge. We identified 384 reports. Of these, new-onset diabetes was diagnosed definitively in 242 patients, and 54 patients had exacerbation of preexisting disease. The mean (+/- SD) age was 40 +/- 12 years (range, 13 to 77). The male:female ratio was 2:0. Most cases appeared within 6 months of initiating clozapine therapy. One patient developed diabetes following a single 500-mg dose. There were 80 cases of metabolic acidosis or ketosis. Twenty-five patients died during hyperglycemic episodes. Forty-six patients had improved glycemic control after discontinuation or dose reduction of the drug.A causal relationship between clozapine and diabetes is suggested by the number of reports, the temporal relation to clozapine initiation, the relatively young age of the affected patients, and the prompt reversibility on withdrawal of the drug in some patients. The severity of reported cases ranged from mild glucose intolerance to diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar coma. JF - The American journal of medicine AU - Koller, E AU - Schneider, B AU - Bennett, K AU - Dubitsky, G AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 2001/12/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Dec 15 SP - 716 EP - 723 VL - 111 IS - 9 SN - 0002-9343, 0002-9343 KW - Antipsychotic Agents KW - 0 KW - Clozapine KW - J60AR2IKIC KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems -- statistics & numerical data KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Age Distribution KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- chemically induced KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- epidemiology KW - Clozapine -- adverse effects KW - Antipsychotic Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72360261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+medicine&rft.atitle=Clozapine-associated+diabetes.&rft.au=Koller%2C+E%3BSchneider%2C+B%3BBennett%2C+K%3BDubitsky%2C+G&rft.aulast=Koller&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-12-15&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=716&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+medicine&rft.issn=00029343&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Manufacturing Issues with Combining Different Antigens: A Regulatory Perspective AN - 18459803; 5431987 AB - The regulation of biological products is conducted within the framework Title 21 of the US Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). These regulations describe product and clinical testing requirements for drugs and biological products, as well as the requirements for licensure of such products. The requirements outlined in the CFR also apply to combination vaccines. In addition, the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research has issued a Guidance to Industry document that discusses the manufacturing, testing, and clinical evaluation of combination vaccines. However, as the complexity of mixing the different antigens increases, the challenges associated with product development (e.g., demonstration of comparability of the components and lot consistency) require early interactions with the US Food and Drug Administration. The many areas of difficulty in the arena of combination vaccine development underscore the need for continued reevaluation of current guidance documents in addressing the increasing complexity of vaccines. JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases AU - Falk, LA AU - Arciniega, J AU - McVittie, L AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 2001/12/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Dec 15 SP - S351 EP - S355 VL - 33 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - combined vaccines KW - safety regulations KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18459803?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Manufacturing+Issues+with+Combining+Different+Antigens%3A+A+Regulatory+Perspective&rft.au=Falk%2C+LA%3BArciniega%2C+J%3BMcVittie%2C+L&rft.aulast=Falk&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=2001-12-15&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S351&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating the Safety of Combination Vaccines AN - 18458819; 5431983 AB - The development of combination vaccines is important to facilitate protection of people from potentially life-threatening infectious diseases. As with all vaccines, the safety of these products is of critical importance. Although combination vaccines generally include components that have been studied and used previously, the possibility of new or more severe reactions arising from combining components cannot be dismissed. Controlled safety studies are needed for new combination vaccines to determine reliably whether risks are increased compared with administration of individual components. Such studies will generally be smaller than studies of vaccines with new immunogens, but the size of the study will depend on the types and rates of the reactions expected, given the vaccine's components, and on the level of increased risk that would be important to detect. JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases AU - Ellenberg, S S AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 2001/12/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Dec 15 SP - S319 EP - S322 VL - 33 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - combined vaccines KW - infectious diseases KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18458819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Evaluating+the+Safety+of+Combination+Vaccines&rft.au=Ellenberg%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Ellenberg&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-12-15&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating the Immune Response to Combination Vaccines AN - 18453932; 5431981 AB - Assessment of the immune responses to combination vaccines in the United States has generally been based on randomized, controlled comparative trials, with such studies designed to rule out predefined differences. In designing clinical studies of the immune response to combination products, attention should be directed toward selecting the appropriate immunologic end points and control groups. Acceptable differences in immune responses between combination and control groups should be predefined, and an adequate statistical plan should be developed. In many cases, it may be necessary to evaluate simultaneous administration of other recommended vaccines, assess schedule changes for 1 or more components of a combination, and bridge immunologic data obtained from international studies to the population of the United States. We discuss the use of immunogenicity studies to support the licensure of combination vaccines when field efficacy studies are either not possible or not required and highlight some recent experiences with combination vaccines containing Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide conjugates. JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases AU - Ball, L K AU - Falk, LA AU - Horne, AD AU - Finn, T M AD - Division of Vaccines and Related Products Applications, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 2001/12/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Dec 15 SP - S299 EP - S305 VL - 33 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18453932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Evaluating+the+Immune+Response+to+Combination+Vaccines&rft.au=Ball%2C+L+K%3BFalk%2C+LA%3BHorne%2C+AD%3BFinn%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-12-15&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - L-ephedrine-induced neurodegeneration in the parietal cortex and thalamus of the rat is dependent on hyperthermia and can be altered by the process of in vivo brain microdialysis AN - 18251643; 5317452 AB - Multiple doses of the dietary supplement L-ephedrine can cause severe hyperthermia and modest dopamine depletions in the rat brain. Since D-amphetamine treatment can result in neurodegeneration, the potential of L-ephedrine to produce similar types of degeneration was investigated. Adult male rats, some implanted in the caudate/putamen (CPu) for microdialysis, were given four doses of 25 mg/kg L-ephedrine or 5 mg/kg D-amphetamine (2 h between doses) at an ambient temperature of 23 degree C. L-ephedrine-induced degeneration in the forebrain was dependent on the degree of hyperthermia. Layer IV of the parietal cortex was the most sensitive to L-ephedrine treatment with peak body temperatures of at most 40.0 degree C necessary to produce degeneration. Extensive neurodegeneration in the parietal cortex after L-ephedrine treatment was as pronounced as that previously described for D-amphetamine treatment and also occurred in the intralaminar, ventromedial and ventrolateral thalamic nuclei in rats with severe hyperthermia (peak body temperatures > 41.0 degree C). The neurodegeneration induced by L-ephedrine may have resulted in part from excitotoxic mechanisms involving the indirect pathways of the basal ganglia and related areas. No differences were observed between microdialysis and non-implanted rats with respect to degree of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) loss in the CPu after either D-amphetamine or L-ephedrine treatment. However, neurodegeneration resulting from D-amphetamine and L-ephedrine was reduced in the microdialysis animals in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the probe, which raises concerns when using the technique of in vivo microdialysis to evaluate neurodegeneration. The results of this study, in conjunction with human clinical evaluation of ephedrine neurotoxicity, indicate that regionally specific damage may occur in the cortex of some humans exposed to ephedrine in the absence of stroke or hemorrhage. JF - Toxicology Letters AU - Bowyer, J F AU - Hopkins, K J AU - Jakab, R AU - Ferguson, SA AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, HFT-132, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA, jbowyer@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/12/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Dec 15 SP - 151 EP - 166 VL - 125 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - rats KW - dietary supplements KW - ephedrine KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Hyperthermia KW - Food additives KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Thalamus KW - N3 11104:Mammals (except primates) KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18251643?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+Letters&rft.atitle=L-ephedrine-induced+neurodegeneration+in+the+parietal+cortex+and+thalamus+of+the+rat+is+dependent+on+hyperthermia+and+can+be+altered+by+the+process+of+in+vivo+brain+microdialysis&rft.au=Bowyer%2C+J+F%3BHopkins%2C+K+J%3BJakab%2C+R%3BFerguson%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Bowyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-12-15&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+Letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Thalamus; Neurotoxicity; Diets; Food additives; Hyperthermia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neuroprotective role of L-carnitine in the 3-nitropropionic acid induced neurotoxicity AN - 18250926; 5317442 AB - L-carnitine (LC) plays an important regulatory role in the mitochondrial transport of long-chain free fatty acids (FFA). 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) is known to induce cellular energy deficit and oxidative stress related neurotoxicity via an irreversible inhibition of the mitochondrial enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Protective effects of L-carnitine on the neurotoxicity induced by 3-NPA have been shown in vitro. Here, the activities of SDH as well as the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in order to evaluate the protective action of LC against 3-NPA-induced neurotoxicity. Male, CD Sprague-Dawley rats, 3-month old, were injected with either 50 or 100 mg/kg of LC, i.p., 30-60 min prior to 3-NPA (30 mg/kg, s.c.) or with 3-NPA alone. Enzyme activities were assayed in caudate nucleus (CN), frontal cortex (FC), and hippocampus (HIP) post sacrifice. Increased activities of CAT and SOD were observed after treatment with 3-NPA alone. Pretreatment with low or high doses of LC was associated with attenuation of these increases equivalent to, or below, the control levels. In rats treated with 3-NPA alone, SDH activity was inhibited by 62% (CN), 50% (FC), and 65% (HIP) of controls. Pretreatment with LC prior to 3-NPA attenuated decreases of SDH activity in a dose-dependent manner. However, compared with control, the activity of SDH remained significantly lower in brain regions of treated rats despite the attenuation of inhibition by LC pretreatment (P < 0.05). These data suggest protective effect of LC against 3-NPA-induced oxidative stress. It appears that the protective effect of LC against 3-NPA-induced oxidative stress is not mediated by the direct action of LC preventing the SDH inhibition but rather is achieved due to the actions of LC downstream of the SDH inhibition. JF - Toxicology Letters AU - Binienda, Z K AU - Ali, S F AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, zbinienda@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/12/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Dec 15 SP - 67 EP - 73 VL - 125 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - neuroprotection KW - rats KW - 3-Nitropropionic acid KW - carnitine KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Superoxide dismutase KW - Succinate dehydrogenase KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Catalase KW - N3 11104:Mammals (except primates) KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18250926?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+Letters&rft.atitle=Neuroprotective+role+of+L-carnitine+in+the+3-nitropropionic+acid+induced+neurotoxicity&rft.au=Binienda%2C+Z+K%3BAli%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Binienda&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=2001-12-15&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+Letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neurotoxicity; Succinate dehydrogenase; Catalase; Superoxide dismutase ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of techniques for enrichment and isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from artificially contaminated sprouts AN - 18255825; 5317424 AB - Because sprouted seed products are kept wet during and after production, have high levels of nutrients, and a neutral pH, they are subject to the outgrowth of pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7. For these same reasons, these products also contain high levels of heterotrophic organisms and in particular coliform bacteria. Recent outbreaks have focused attention on the need to improve methodology for isolating this pathogen from sprouts. When 40 E. coli O157:H7 strains were grown in pure culture in enterohemorrhagic E. coli enrichment broth (EEB) as prescribed in the U.S. FDA-Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA-BAM) and in EEB modified by varying the cefixime concentration, outgrowth for all strains in EEB was inhibited at 0.05 mg/l but for only 2 of 40 strains when the cefixime level was adjusted to 0.0125 mg/l. These two enrichment formulae were compared to modified E. coli broth (mEC), modified Tryptic Soy Broth with 20 mg/l novobiocin (mTSB + N), modified Buffered Peptone Water (mBPW), and mBPW with added 10 mg/l acriflavin, 10 mg/l cefsulodin, and 8 mg/l vancomycin (mBPW + ACV) for isolation of E. coli O157:H7 from sprouts. These comparisons were performed using low-level (0.12 to 0.42 cfu/g) artificially contaminated alfalfa and mixed salad sprouts. After enrichment, two isolation methods were compared for recovery; direct plating to Tellurite-Cefixime Sorbitol MacConkey agar (TCSMAC) and immunomagnetic separation (IMS) (Dynabeads anti-E. coli O157, Dynal, Oslo, Norway) followed by plating to TCSMAC. In addition, an immunoprecipitin detection kit, VIP (BioControl, Bellevue, WA), was evaluated for detection after enrichment. We found that five of the six enrichments were equivalent for detection or recovery while one enrichment (mTSB + N without agitation) was less productive. Incubation for 24 h was more effective in recovering E. coli O157:H7 from sprouts than 6 h for all enrichment broths. Plating after IMS was more productive than direct plating at these low levels of contamination, yielding recovery in 70 of 90 trials compared to 37 of 90 trials without IMS for six enrichments. The sensitivity of VIP for detection of E. coli O157:H7 varied depending on the enrichment broth. Because of the rapid rate of growth of E. coli O157:H7 in mBPW, the high productivity of mBPW + ACV after 24-h enrichment and its compatibility with both IMS and detection with immunoprecipitin tests, mBPW + ACV at 42 degree C with agitation was found to be the most promising enrichment protocol for testing sprouts. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Weagant, S D AU - Bound, A J AD - Pacific Regional Laboratory Northwest, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 22201 23rd Drive SE, Bothell, WA 98021, USA, sweagant@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/12/04/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Dec 04 SP - 87 EP - 92 VL - 71 IS - 1 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - immunomagnetic separation KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Gastrointestinal tract diseases KW - Cefixime KW - Immunoprecipitation KW - Media (enrichment) KW - Escherichia coli KW - Food contamination KW - Media (isolation) KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18255825?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+techniques+for+enrichment+and+isolation+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+from+artificially+contaminated+sprouts&rft.au=Weagant%2C+S+D%3BBound%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Weagant&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-12-04&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Media (enrichment); Media (isolation); Immunoprecipitation; Food contamination; Gastrointestinal tract diseases; Cefixime ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fundamental precision limitations for measurements of frequency dependence of backscatter: applications in tissue-mimicking phantoms and trabecular bone. AN - 85370149; pmid-11785828 AB - Various models for ultrasonic scattering from trabecular bone have been proposed. They may be evaluated to a certain extent by comparison with experimental measurements. In order to appreciate limitations of these comparisons, it is important to understand measurement precision. In this article, an approach proposed by Lizzi and co-workers is adapted to model precision of estimates of frequency-dependent backscatter for scattering targets (such as trabecular bone) that contain many scatterers per resolution cell. This approach predicts uncertainties in backscatter due to the random nature of the interference of echoes from individual scatterers as they are summed at the receiver. The model is validated in experiments on a soft-tissue-mimicking phantom and on 24 human calcaneus samples interrogated in vitro. It is found that while random interference effects only partially explain measured variations in the magnitude of backscatter, they are virtually entirely responsible for observed variations in the frequency dependence (exponent of a power law fit) of backscatter. JF - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America AU - Wear, K A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. kaw@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 3275 EP - 3282 VL - 110 IS - 6 SN - 0001-4966, 0001-4966 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Bone Density KW - *Calcaneus: ultrasonography KW - Humans KW - Models, Biological KW - *Ultrasonics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85370149?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Fundamental+precision+limitations+for+measurements+of+frequency+dependence+of+backscatter%3A+applications+in+tissue-mimicking+phantoms+and+trabecular+bone.&rft.au=Wear%2C+K+A&rft.aulast=Wear&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=3275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00014966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Therapeutic approaches: session XI summary and research needs. AN - 72427306; 11829422 JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Williams-Johnso, M AU - Isacson, O Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 855 EP - 858 VL - 22 IS - 6 KW - Antiparkinson Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Electric Stimulation Therapy KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Brain -- physiology KW - Parkinson Disease -- therapy KW - Antiparkinson Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Parkinson Disease -- physiopathology KW - Parkinson Disease -- genetics KW - Parkinson Disease -- surgery UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72427306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Therapeutic+approaches%3A+session+XI+summary+and+research+needs.&rft.au=Williams-Johnso%2C+M%3BIsacson%2C+O&rft.aulast=Williams-Johnso&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=855&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of historical uranium air sampling data to estimate worker exposure potential to airborne radioactive particulate in a uranium processing facility. AN - 72395887; 11783876 AB - Historical industrial hygiene monitoring records from a uranium processing plant were collected and analyzed to characterize exposure potential to airborne radioactive particulate. More than 2,100 samples were collected during the period of 1954-1968. The data was organized by job title, plant number, and year of measurement. Laboratory analysis of air samples indicated a wide range of potential exposures to the alpha-emitting particulate. Logarithmic transformation of the data was necessary to approximate Gaussian distributions. Geometric Mean (GM) values were used as the measure of central tendency within years. GM values ranged from 23-49 disintegrations per minute per cubic meter of air sampled (dpm/m3) with the years 1963 and 1964 being significantly higher than other years (ANOVA: p < 0.05). When comparing exposure potential across plants, GM ranged from 20-68 dpm/m3, with plants 5 and 8 being significantly higher than the others (ANOVA: p < 0.05). Exposure potential for specific job titles across the plants varied widely. GM for clerks was the lowest (11 dpm/m3) while furnace operators were the highest (235 dpm/m3). Other job titles with potentially high exposures were chemical operators, forklift operators, machine operators, and furnace operators. This analysis indicates the magnitude and distributions of worker exposure to alpha-emitting airborne particulate. Additional analysis and epidemiologic studies are planned for this facility. JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Methner, M M AU - Feng, H A AU - Utterback, D F AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Health-Related Energy Research Branch, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 1150 EP - 1157 VL - 16 IS - 12 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Air Pollutants, Radioactive KW - Uranium KW - 4OC371KSTK KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Humans KW - Sampling Studies KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Risk Assessment KW - Occupational Health KW - Air Pollutants, Radioactive -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollutants, Radioactive -- adverse effects KW - Mining KW - Uranium -- analysis KW - Uranium -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72395887?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Use+of+historical+uranium+air+sampling+data+to+estimate+worker+exposure+potential+to+airborne+radioactive+particulate+in+a+uranium+processing+facility.&rft.au=Methner%2C+M+M%3BFeng%2C+H+A%3BUtterback%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Methner&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1150&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - UV doses of American children and adolescents. AN - 72395421; 11783934 AB - The ultraviolet (UV) doses of American young adults were never measured, but are needed for assessing UV-related health risks. These doses were calculated using a novel approach. The National Human Activity Pattern Survey recorded the daily minute-by-minute activities of about 2000 young adults (0-19 years) over the course of 2 years to assess their exposure to environmental pollutants. From that survey, only the outdoor daylight data of northern and southern girls and boys were extracted and stratified by season and age to find the time American children (0-5 and 6-12 years) and adolescents (13-19 years) spend outside. They spend about 10% of the day outdoors, but only get about 30% of the available terrestrial UV radiation (on a horizontal plane). American children have about the same percent personal ambients as adults (3.1%), 2.8% for girls and 3.4% for boys. Adolescents have the lowest personal ambients (2.6%), 2.1% for girls and 3.1% for boys. To get their UV doses, their percent ambients are multiplied by the total available terrestrial UV. Excluding vacation, the erythemally weighted UV doses for American children are 25 kJ/m2/year, 23 for girls and 28 for boys. Adolescents get the lowest UV exposure of any group, 21 kJ/m2/year, 18 for girls and 24 for boys. Young adult northern girls get 18 kJ/m2/year and boys get 21 kJ/m2/year, whereas southern girls get 24 kJ/m2/year and boys get 31 kJ/m2/year. The youngest children (0-5 years) get slightly higher summer doses. Thus, we can now assess the UV-related health risks for American children and adolescents. JF - Photochemistry and photobiology AU - Godar, D E AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. deg@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 787 EP - 793 VL - 74 IS - 6 SN - 0031-8655, 0031-8655 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- etiology KW - Skin Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Photobiology KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Risk Factors KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Skin -- radiation effects KW - Ultraviolet Rays -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72395421?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photochemistry+and+photobiology&rft.atitle=UV+doses+of+American+children+and+adolescents.&rft.au=Godar%2C+D+E&rft.aulast=Godar&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=787&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Photochemistry+and+photobiology&rft.issn=00318655&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Endotoxin exposures during potato processing. AN - 72392480; 11783866 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Ewers, L M AU - Tapp, L C AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies of NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 1079 EP - 1087 VL - 16 IS - 12 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Endotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Male KW - Female KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Occupational Health KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- etiology KW - Food Technology KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Endotoxins -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72392480?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Endotoxin+exposures+during+potato+processing.&rft.au=Ewers%2C+L+M%3BTapp%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Ewers&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1079&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mold growth on the Internet. AN - 72391695; 11783867 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Daniels, W AU - Miller, A AU - Krol, S AD - US Public Health Service Region VIII, Denver, CO 80294, USA. Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 1088 EP - 1090 VL - 16 IS - 12 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Occupational Health KW - Humans KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Internet -- standards KW - Fungi KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72391695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Mold+growth+on+the+Internet.&rft.au=Daniels%2C+W%3BMiller%2C+A%3BKrol%2C+S&rft.aulast=Daniels&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1088&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Robbery characteristics and employee injuries in convenience stores. AN - 72381079; 11757047 AB - Each year approximately 30,000 convenience store employees are at risk for injuries related to robberies and many are fatal. A prospective cohort study of 460 convenience store robberies from 1 February 1995 to 30 September 1996 was conducted to uncover possible associations between injury and pertinent robbery circumstances and work environments. Data collection sources included police reports, employee interviews, store evaluations, and relevant Census data. Rate ratios and correlation statistics were calculated to identify associations with injury and relationships between variables. Injury risk was strongly associated with the following characteristics: employee resistance, robberies without firearms or money taken, daytime and merchandise robberies, stores with limited escape routes and no cash policy or drop safe, older clerks, and surrounding areas with lower valued buildings, less expensive rent, more vacant structures, and younger residents. Numerous intercorrelations between these characteristics were identified. Training opportunities, store procedures, and environmental designs are important factors to consider in reducing robbery-related injuries. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Faulkner, K A AU - Landsittel, D P AU - Hendricks, S A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA. Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 703 EP - 709 VL - 40 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Probability KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Prospective Studies KW - Survival Rate KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Injury Severity Score KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Commerce -- statistics & numerical data KW - Theft -- statistics & numerical data KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72381079?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Robbery+characteristics+and+employee+injuries+in+convenience+stores.&rft.au=Faulkner%2C+K+A%3BLandsittel%2C+D+P%3BHendricks%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Faulkner&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=703&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Is it safe on deck? Fatal and non-fatal workplace injuries among Alaskan commercial fishermen. AN - 72379858; 11757046 AB - Commercial fishing in Alaska accounts for an occupational fatality rate that is 28 times the rate for all U.S. workers. Most deaths are attributed to vessel sinking or capsizing. However, many deaths and most non-fatal injuries are not related to vessel loss. This paper describes injuries that occur on the dock or on the fishing vessel. Data from fishing fatalities and non-fatal injuries between 1991-1998 were analyzed using the Alaska Occupational Injury Surveillance System and the Alaska Trauma Registry. There were 60 workplace deaths unrelated to vessel loss; most from falls overboard, others from trauma caused by equipment on deck. There were 574 hospitalized injuries, often from falls on deck, entanglement in machinery, or being struck by an object. Fishing boats are hazardous working environments. Further efforts are required to prevent falls overboard and on deck, and to redesign or install safety features on fishing machinery and equipment. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Thomas, T K AU - Lincoln, J M AU - Husberg, B J AU - Conway, G A AD - Alaska Field Station, Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4230 University Drive, Suite 310, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA. Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 693 EP - 702 VL - 40 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Risk Assessment KW - Registries KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Occupational Health KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Fisheries KW - Accidental Falls -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidental Falls -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality KW - Cause of Death UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72379858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Is+it+safe+on+deck%3F+Fatal+and+non-fatal+workplace+injuries+among+Alaskan+commercial+fishermen.&rft.au=Thomas%2C+T+K%3BLincoln%2C+J+M%3BHusberg%2C+B+J%3BConway%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=693&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Non-fatal animal related injuries to youth occurring on farms in the United States, 1998. AN - 72375689; 11770657 AB - To provide data on the magnitude and patterns of animal related on-farm injuries to youth in the United States. A survey of 26,000 farm households conducted for the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1998. Youth younger than 20 years of age. There were an estimated 6,438 animal related on-farm injuries to youth in 1998. 70% occurred to farm residents; 69% were work related. Males accounted for 64% and approximately 41% occurred to those younger than 10; 37% involved horses and 31% cattle. Most horse related injuries occurred to females and a majority of the cattle related injuries were to males. Additionally, most of the cattle related injuries were work related, while horse related injuries were mainly nonwork. One out of every five youth injuries occurring on farms in the United States is animal related. These animal related injuries were due to both work and non-work related exposures. The large number of horse and cattle related injuries highlights a need for intervention strategies based on the injury circumstances common to these animals. JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Hendricks, K J AU - Adekoya, N AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. khendricks@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 307 EP - 311 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - Agriculture KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72375689?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Non-fatal+animal+related+injuries+to+youth+occurring+on+farms+in+the+United+States%2C+1998.&rft.au=Hendricks%2C+K+J%3BAdekoya%2C+N&rft.aulast=Hendricks&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-09 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Injury. 1981 Jan;12(4):279-82 [7263029] Pediatrics. 1985 Oct;76(4):562-6 [4047799] JAMA. 1990 Jun 13;263(22):3047-50 [2342216] Am J Public Health. 1991 Jun;81(6):766-8 [2029052] J Trauma. 1991 Dec;31(12):1632-7 [1749035] J Occup Med. 1992 Apr;34(4):414-21 [1564580] AAOHN J. 1997 Sep;45(9):446-50 [9375998] Pediatrics. 1995 Apr;95(4):487-9 [7700745] Public Health Rep. 1995 May-Jun;110(3):350-4 [7610229] Can J Public Health. 1995 Jul-Aug;86(4):246-8 [7497410] Injury. 1996 Mar;27(2):103-5 [8730383] Epidemiology. 1997 Jan;8(1):37-41 [9116092] Inj Prev. 1997 Sep;3(3):190-4 [9338830] Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 1993 Mar;14(1):28-30 [8493964] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Loss of critical palindromic transgene promoter sequence in chemically induced Tg.AC mouse skin papillomas expressing transgene-derived mRNA. AN - 72357485; 11746829 AB - The Tg.AC transgenic mouse carries a v-Ha-ras transgene. Skin papillomas develop in Tg.AC mice upon repeated dermal application of tumor promoters and carcinogens. The transgene is inserted at a single site on chromosome 11 in a multiple-copy array. Although most of the >or= 40 copies are arranged in a direct-repeat orientation, two copies of the transgene are inserted in a palindromic, inverted-repeat orientation. Deletion of the palindromic transgene promoter sequence is associated strongly with and diagnostic of loss of phenotypic responsiveness to Tg.AC papillomagens, such as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Unexpectedly, a loss of palindromic transgene sequence, in the absence of an observable reduction in copy number of the direct-repeat-oriented transgene sequence, is seen in DNA from papillomas when compared to genomic DNA from tail clips or skin samples away from the application site. Transgene-derived transcripts were detectable in all Tg.AC papillomas sampled. The transgene locus was hypomethylated in papillomas but not in samples from tail clips from the same animal or from skin samples away from the application site in responder Tg.AC mice, as shown by loss of resistance to digestion by HpaII. A cell line derived from a Tg.AC squamous cell carcinoma showed complete loss of the palindromic transgene sequence, hypomethylation of the transgene locus, and strong expression of v-Ha-ras mRNA. These data indicate that the palindromic transgene sequence, which appears to be necessary for initial responsiveness to tumorigens, may be susceptible to deletion during rapid cellular proliferation and is not required for transgene expression in later phases of papilloma growth. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - Molecular carcinogenesis AU - Thompson, K L AU - Rosenzweig, B A AU - Honchel, R AU - Cannon, R E AU - Blanchard, K T AU - Stoll, R E AU - Sistare, F D AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 176 EP - 186 VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0899-1987, 0899-1987 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- toxicity KW - Animals KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mice KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Sequence Deletion KW - Skin Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Genes, ras KW - Skin Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Papilloma -- genetics KW - Papilloma -- chemically induced KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72357485?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Loss+of+critical+palindromic+transgene+promoter+sequence+in+chemically+induced+Tg.AC+mouse+skin+papillomas+expressing+transgene-derived+mRNA.&rft.au=Thompson%2C+K+L%3BRosenzweig%2C+B+A%3BHonchel%2C+R%3BCannon%2C+R+E%3BBlanchard%2C+K+T%3BStoll%2C+R+E%3BSistare%2C+F+D&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=176&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+carcinogenesis&rft.issn=08991987&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in liver toxicity, inflammation, and fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride. AN - 72352455; 11740910 AB - Hepatic expression of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) occurs in many acute and chronic liver diseases, as well as following exposure to hepatotoxic chemicals, and is believed to help influence both the damage and repair processes that occur following these insults by regulating additional mediators. We examined the role of TNFalpha in transgenic mice deficient in TNF receptors (TNFR) utilizing carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) as a model hepatotoxic agent that allowed for the evaluation of necrosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Hepatocyte damage, as evident by local areas of liver necrosis and elevated levels of serum transaminase, occurred to a similar degree in wild-type and TNFR-deficient knockout (KO) mice following acute exposure to CCl(4). In contrast, the inflammatory response, manifested as an inflammatory cell influx, as well as induction of chemokines and adhesion molecules that occurred in wild-type mice following treatment with CCl(4), was not as evident in TNFR-KO mice. This response was associated primarily with type-1 (TNFR1) rather than type-2 (TNFR2) receptor responses. Liver fibrosis resulting from chronic CCl(4) exposure was also markedly dependent upon TNFalpha as demonstrated by almost a complete histological absence of fibrosis in TNFR-deficient mice. This was further supported by marked reductions in procollagen and transforming growth factor beta synthesis in TNFR-deficient mice. Taken together, these results indicate that TNFalpha is responsible for regulating products that induce inflammation and fibrosis but not direct hepatocyte damage in CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Simeonova, P P AU - Gallucci, R M AU - Hulderman, T AU - Wilson, R AU - Kommineni, C AU - Rao, M AU - Luster, M I AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. phs9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/12/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Dec 01 SP - 112 EP - 120 VL - 177 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Fibrillar Collagens KW - 0 KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 KW - 126547-89-5 KW - Carbon Tetrachloride KW - CL2T97X0V0 KW - Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.7 KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases KW - EC 2.6.1.1 KW - Alanine Transaminase KW - EC 2.6.1.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Fibrillar Collagens -- metabolism KW - Random Allocation KW - Peroxidase -- metabolism KW - Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 -- biosynthesis KW - Mice KW - Histocytochemistry KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Mice, Knockout KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases -- blood KW - Alanine Transaminase -- blood KW - Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 -- analysis KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Liver Cirrhosis -- chemically induced KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- etiology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- immunology KW - Liver Cirrhosis -- immunology KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Carbon Tetrachloride -- toxicity KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor -- genetics KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72352455?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=The+role+of+tumor+necrosis+factor-alpha+in+liver+toxicity%2C+inflammation%2C+and+fibrosis+induced+by+carbon+tetrachloride.&rft.au=Simeonova%2C+P+P%3BGallucci%2C+R+M%3BHulderman%2C+T%3BWilson%2C+R%3BKommineni%2C+C%3BRao%2C+M%3BLuster%2C+M+I&rft.aulast=Simeonova&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=177&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=112&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-17 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food-borne Listeria monocytogenes risk assessment. AN - 72337621; 11761122 AB - Listeria monocytogenes is ubiquitous in the environment and in food processing plants. Consequently, foods are frequently contaminated. However, the occurrence rate of listeriosis is only about five cases per million people per year. Listeriosis primarily strikes immunocompromised individuals, pregnant women and the elderly with a fatality rate of 20-25%. The FDA is in the process of finishing a risk assessment that is being conducted as an initial step in reviewing its approach to maximizing the public protection from foodborne L. monocytogenes. The risk assessment evaluated the presence and quantitative levels of L. monocytogenes in 21 groups of ready-to-eat foods. The potential growth of L. monocytogenes between retail point-of-sale, where contamination data originated, and consumption was modelled. The frequency and amount of consumption of these foods completed the data for the exposure assessment. For the hazard characterization or dose response part of the risk assessment, data from animal studies, virulence assays and epidemiological investigations were used to estimate the likelihood of illness for different human groups from consuming different numbers of L. monocytogenes. This risk assessment is a virtual review of current scientific knowledge. Quantitative modelling provides greater insight than a qualitative review and also indicates the uncertainty about our knowledge. The risk assessment does not attempt to define an acceptable or tolerable level of L. monocytogenes consumption or propose changes in regulations. These decisions are the responsibility of risk managers who consider additional factors such as food preferences, technical feasibility and societal values when evaluating regulatory policies. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Hitchins, A D AU - Whiting, R C AD - Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC, USA. AHitchin@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 1108 EP - 1117 VL - 18 IS - 12 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Food Handling KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Pregnancy KW - Listeriosis -- transmission KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Food Contamination -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72337621?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Food-borne+Listeria+monocytogenes+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Hitchins%2C+A+D%3BWhiting%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Hitchins&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1108&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-03 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk analysis and the law: international law, the World Trade Organization, Codex Alimentarius and national legislation. AN - 72337183; 11761116 AB - This paper discusses the place of risk analysis in international trade from a US perspective, through looking at the activities of the World Trade Organization and the Codex Alimentarius Commission. After examining what the trade agreements say about risk analysis and how international bodies are advancing and using risk analysis, the paper goes on to assess how risk analysis is used at a national level. Finally, recommendations are made for strengthening international food safety initiatives. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Horton, L R AD - Office of the Commissioner, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. lhorton@oc.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 1057 EP - 1067 VL - 18 IS - 12 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Food Microbiology -- standards KW - Biotechnology -- standards KW - Humans KW - Risk Management KW - Legislation, Food KW - Risk Assessment KW - Food Industry -- standards KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - International Agencies KW - Commerce UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72337183?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Risk+analysis+and+the+law%3A+international+law%2C+the+World+Trade+Organization%2C+Codex+Alimentarius+and+national+legislation.&rft.au=Horton%2C+L+R&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1057&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-03 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence that mycobacterial PE_PGRS proteins are cell surface constituents that influence interactions with other cells. AN - 72278734; 11705904 AB - The elucidation of the genomic sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis revealed the presence of a novel multigene family designated PE/PE_PGRS that encodes numerous, highly related proteins of unknown function. In this study, we demonstrate that a transposon insertion in a PE_PGRS gene (1818(PE_PGRS)) found in Mycobacterium bovis BCG Pasteur, which is the BCG homologue of the M. tuberculosis H37Rv gene Rv1818c, introduces new phenotypic properties to this BCG strain. These properties include dispersed growth in liquid medium and reduced infection of macrophages. Complementation of the 1818(PE_PGRS)::Tn5367 mutant with the wild-type gene restores both aggregative growth (clumping) in liquid medium and reestablishes infectivity of macrophages to levels equivalent to those for the parent BCG strain. Western blot analysis using antisera raised against the 1818(PE_PGRS) protein shows that PE_PGRS proteins are found in cell lysates of BCG and M. tuberculosis H37Ra and in the cell wall fraction of M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Moreover, immunofluorescent labeling of mycobacteria indicates that certain PE_PGRS proteins are localized at the cell surface of BCG and M. tuberculosis. Together these results suggest that certain PE_PGRS proteins may be found at the surface of mycobacteria and influence both cell surface interactions among mycobacteria as well as the interactions of mycobacteria with macrophages. JF - Infection and immunity AU - Brennan, M J AU - Delogu, G AU - Chen, Y AU - Bardarov, S AU - Kriakov, J AU - Alavi, M AU - Jacobs, W R AD - Laboratory of Mycobacterial Diseases and Cellular Immunology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Brennan@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 7326 EP - 7333 VL - 69 IS - 12 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Adhesins, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Antigens, Bacterial KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - Membrane Proteins KW - PE-PGRS protein, Mycobacterium KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Animals KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Macrophages -- microbiology KW - Multigene Family KW - Genetic Complementation Test KW - Mice KW - Membrane Proteins -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Bacterial Adhesion -- genetics KW - Mycobacterium bovis -- pathogenicity KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- pathogenicity KW - Adhesins, Bacterial -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72278734?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+immunity&rft.atitle=Evidence+that+mycobacterial+PE_PGRS+proteins+are+cell+surface+constituents+that+influence+interactions+with+other+cells.&rft.au=Brennan%2C+M+J%3BDelogu%2C+G%3BChen%2C+Y%3BBardarov%2C+S%3BKriakov%2C+J%3BAlavi%2C+M%3BJacobs%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Brennan&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=7326&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-12 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Nature. 1999 Nov 4;402(6757):79-83 [10573420] Infect Immun. 1997 Apr;65(4):1189-95 [9119450] Microbiology. 1999 Dec;145 ( Pt 12):3487-95 [10627046] J Bacteriol. 2000 Jan;182(2):377-84 [10629183] Tuber Lung Dis. 1999;79(6):329-42 [10694977] Infect Immun. 2000 May;68(5):2930-8 [10768991] Science. 2000 May 26;288(5470):1436-9 [10827956] Trends Microbiol. 1997 Apr;5(4):148-56 [9141189] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Sep 30;94(20):10955-60 [9380741] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Sep 30;94(20):10961-6 [9380742] Infect Immun. 1997 Dec;65(12):5035-41 [9393793] Nature. 1998 Jun 11;393(6685):537-44 [9634230] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Oct 13;95(21):12625-30 [9770536] J Biol Chem. 1999 Feb 19;274(8):4521-6 [9988684] Curr Opin Microbiol. 1998 Feb;1(1):75-81 [10066469] Mol Microbiol. 1999 May;32(3):643-55 [10320585] Science. 1999 May 28;284(5419):1520-3 [10348738] FEBS Lett. 1999 Jun 4;452(1-2):7-10 [10376668] J Exp Med. 1957 Jan 1;105(1):39-48 [13385405] Mol Cell. 2000 Apr;5(4):717-27 [10882107] Annu Rev Microbiol. 2000;54:735-74 [11018143] Infect Immun. 2001 Sep;69(9):5606-11 [11500435] Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5 [5432063] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Dec;82(23):8129-33 [2999794] J Immunol. 1990 Apr 1;144(7):2771-80 [2108212] Cell. 1990 Jun 29;61(7):1375-82 [2364431] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jun 15;88(12):5433-7 [2052623] Infect Immun. 1991 Aug;59(8):2712-8 [1830294] J Biol Chem. 1991 Oct 5;266(28):18827-31 [1918002] Infect Immun. 1993 May;61(5):1889-94 [8478078] Crit Rev Microbiol. 1993;19(1):1-16 [8481210] Plant J. 1991 Sep;1(2):175-83 [1844883] Science. 1993 Sep 10;261(5127):1454-7 [8367727] Infect Immun. 1994 Oct;62(10):4261-9 [7927683] Infect Immun. 1994 Nov;62(11):5010-9 [7927782] Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1994 Oct;58(10):1920-2 [7765520] Infect Immun. 1995 Mar;63(3):1004-12 [7868221] Arch Microbiol. 1995 Feb;163(2):87-95 [7710330] Infect Immun. 1995 Dec;63(12):4802-11 [7591139] Microbiology. 1995 Sep;141 ( Pt 9):2123-30 [7496523] Mol Microbiol. 1995 Sep;17(6):1133-42 [8594332] Mol Microbiol. 1996 Apr;20(2):263-71 [8733226] Infect Immun. 1997 Jan;65(1):1-8 [8975885] J Exp Med. 1996 Sep 1;184(3):993-1001 [9064359] J Bacteriol. 1999 Dec;181(24):7464-9 [10601202] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using denture cleansers safely. AN - 71298558; 11921710 JF - Nursing AU - Fuller, J AD - Regulatory Review Office, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Md., USA. Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 22 VL - 31 IS - 12 SN - 0360-4039, 0360-4039 KW - Denture Cleansers KW - 0 KW - Nonprescription Drugs KW - Nursing KW - Fatal Outcome KW - Patient Education as Topic KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Nonprescription Drugs -- poisoning KW - Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Heart Arrest -- etiology KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Heart Arrest -- chemically induced KW - Denture Cleansers -- poisoning KW - Health Education, Dental UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71298558?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nursing&rft.atitle=Using+denture+cleansers+safely.&rft.au=Fuller%2C+J&rft.aulast=Fuller&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nursing&rft.issn=03604039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geology roof control and mine design AN - 51873190; 2004-024676 JF - Coal Age (Overland Park, Kan.) AU - Peng, Syd S AU - Finfinger, Gerald L Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 29 EP - 31 PB - PRIMEDIA Business Magazines and Media, Inc., Overland Park, KS VL - 106 IS - 12 SN - 1091-0646, 1091-0646 KW - limestone KW - mining KW - mines KW - mudstone KW - strength KW - shale KW - roof control KW - sandstone KW - rock mechanics KW - sedimentary rocks KW - mining geology KW - siltstone KW - carbonate rocks KW - clastic rocks KW - design KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51873190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Coal+Age+%28Overland+Park%2C+Kan.%29&rft.atitle=Geology+roof+control+and+mine+design&rft.au=Peng%2C+Syd+S%3BFinfinger%2C+Gerald+L&rft.aulast=Peng&rft.aufirst=Syd&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Coal+Age+%28Overland+Park%2C+Kan.%29&rft.issn=10910646&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - PubXState - KS N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #02734 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbonate rocks; clastic rocks; design; limestone; mines; mining; mining geology; mudstone; rock mechanics; roof control; sandstone; sedimentary rocks; shale; siltstone; strength ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning and characterisation of the cutinase genomic and cDNA gene from the fungal phytopathogen Glomerella cingulata AN - 18610968; 5510602 AB - The cutinase gene (cutA) has been identified from a genomic DNA library of the plant pathogenic fungus Glomerella cingulata ICMP 11061. Nucleotide sequence data revealed that this gene codes for a putative 224-amino acid protein encoded by two exons of 189 bp and 486 bp, separated by an intron of 52 bp. The presence of the 52 bp intron was confirmed after comparison with the cutinase cDNA sequence obtained using RT-PCR of cutin-induced cells. The DNA segments from positions -120 to -112 and from positions -101 to -95 relative to the start codon are potential segments for cutinase transcription start and transcription factor binding sites, respectively. The presumptive TATA box is mapped at -116 from the initiation of translation site. Potential adenylation sites are mapped at segments 228 to 231 and 257 to 259 downstream from the stop signal. The cutinase gene is present in a single copy in the genome of G. cingulata and the putative protein product is between 24 and 99 per cent identical at the amino acid level to other fungal cutinases. The three dimensional protein structure of G. cingulata cutinase as determined by protein homology modeling showed that the protein is ellipsoidal and has a central beta -sheet consisting of five parallel strands surrounded by 5 helices. The amino acid residues potentially participating in the catalytic triad and oxyanion hole have been determined and are located at one extremity of the protein. JF - Asia-Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology AU - Bakar, FDA AU - Cooper, D AU - Zamrod, Z AU - Mahadi, N M AU - Sullivan, P AD - School of BioSciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 119 EP - 130 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 0128-7451, 0128-7451 KW - cDNA KW - characterization KW - cloning KW - cutin KW - cutinase gene KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Genetics Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - G 07330:Fungal genetics KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18610968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asia-Pacific+Journal+of+Molecular+Biology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+characterisation+of+the+cutinase+genomic+and+cDNA+gene+from+the+fungal+phytopathogen+Glomerella+cingulata&rft.au=Bakar%2C+FDA%3BCooper%2C+D%3BZamrod%2C+Z%3BMahadi%2C+N+M%3BSullivan%2C+P&rft.aulast=Bakar&rft.aufirst=FDA&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Asia-Pacific+Journal+of+Molecular+Biology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01287451&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and expression of cephamycinase bla sub(CMY) genes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates from food animals and ground meat AN - 18294138; 5347051 AB - Twenty-one Salmonella and 54 Escherichia coli isolates, recovered from food animals and retail ground meats, that exhibited decreased susceptibilities to ceftiofur and ceftriaxone were shown to possess a bla sub(CMY) gene. The bla sub(CMY-4) gene was identified in an E. coli isolate recovered from retail chicken and was further shown to be responsible for resistance to cephalothin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and elevated MICs of ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, and ceftiofur. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Zhao, S AU - White, D G AU - McDermott, P F AU - Friedman, S AU - English, L AU - Ayers, S AU - Meng, J AU - Maurer, J J AU - Holland, R AU - Walker, R D AD - Office of Research, U.S. FDA/CVM, 8401 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD 20708, USA, szhao@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 3647 EP - 3650 VL - 45 IS - 12 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - Cephamycinase KW - bla gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Genetic analysis KW - Food-borne diseases KW - Gene expression KW - Cephalothin KW - Clavulanic acid KW - Escherichia coli KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Cefoxitin KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Amoxicillin KW - Ampicillin KW - Ceftriaxone KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Salmonella KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18294138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Identification+and+expression+of+cephamycinase+bla+sub%28CMY%29+genes+in+Escherichia+coli+and+Salmonella+isolates+from+food+animals+and+ground+meat&rft.au=Zhao%2C+S%3BWhite%2C+D+G%3BMcDermott%2C+P+F%3BFriedman%2C+S%3BEnglish%2C+L%3BAyers%2C+S%3BMeng%2C+J%3BMaurer%2C+J+J%3BHolland%2C+R%3BWalker%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3647&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Salmonella; Food-borne diseases; Antibiotic resistance; Ceftriaxone; Cephalothin; Ampicillin; Amoxicillin; Clavulanic acid; Cefoxitin; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Gene expression; Genetic analysis; Polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Will Risks to Older Workers Change in the 21 super(st) Century? AN - 18278315; 5330022 AB - Workers aged 65 and older face different risks than those in younger age groups. The occupational fatality rate for this group (13.6 per 100,000 workers) during 1980-1995 was almost three times greater than the rate for workers aged 16 to 64. This study projects the traumatic occupational fatality experience for the ten occupations with the largest number of occupational fatalities for workers 65 years and older. Although the occupational fatality rate for workers 65 years and older is projected to decrease from 12.5 in 1995 to 11.5 in year 2008, the number of occupational fatalities for this group is projected to increase from 459 in 1995 to 518 in year 2008. The overall proportion of occupational fatalities experienced by workers in the 65 years and older age group is expected to increase from 7% in 1995 to 10% in 2008. To assist in developing the most effective interventions, the five leading external causes of death associated with these fatalities were estimated for year 2008. With the aging of the American workforce, more research is needed in areas concerned with protecting older workers from injury. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - Hartley, D AU - Biddle, E A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, MS H1811, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888 USA, Dsh3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1885 EP - 1894 VL - 7 IS - 7 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - elderly KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Age KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Accidents KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18278315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Will+Risks+to+Older+Workers+Change+in+the+21+super%28st%29+Century%3F&rft.au=Hartley%2C+D%3BBiddle%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Hartley&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1885&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Occupational injury risk. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Injuries; Accidents; Occupational safety; Age; Risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Work-Related and Non-Work-Related Injury Deaths in the U.S.: A Comparative Study AN - 18278286; 5330020 AB - This study assesses the percentage of traumatic fatalities attributable to work-related causes in the US, by cause of death and population demographics. The 1993-1998 Vital Statistics Mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics were used. There were 848,945 traumatic fatalities (E800-E999) among the general population 16 years or older in the US during this time; of these, 32,044 were work-related accounting for 3.8% of all the fatalities. The work-related percentage varied from 62.7% for machine-related deaths to 0.7% for suicides, from 4.9% for males to 1.0% for females, from 9.8% in Alaska to 1.5% in Arizona, from 4.2% for decedents with 1 to 4 year college educations to 2.9% for decedents with high school or less, from 4.4% for races other than white and black to 2.6% for black. Mean age-at-death was 42 years for work-related vs. 48 years for non-work-related fatalities. This difference is more pronounced for deaths from falls (45 years vs. 78 years). Conversely, victims of work-related homicide were older than non-work-related (41 years vs. 33 years). A more complete understanding of the burden of traumatic fatalities attributable to work-related causes requires consideration of the total work-related percentage, causes of death, and population demographics. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - Chen, G-X AU - Jenkins, EL AU - Marsh, S M AU - Johnston, J J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS/H-1811, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA, gchen@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1859 EP - 1868 VL - 7 IS - 7 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Age KW - Occupational safety KW - Socioeconomics KW - Population dynamics KW - Ethnic groups KW - Mortality KW - USA KW - Occupational health KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18278286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Work-Related+and+Non-Work-Related+Injury+Deaths+in+the+U.S.%3A+A+Comparative+Study&rft.au=Chen%2C+G-X%3BJenkins%2C+EL%3BMarsh%2C+S+M%3BJohnston%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=G-X&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1859&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Occupational injury risk. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Occupational safety; Occupational health; Mortality; Population dynamics; Ethnic groups; Age; Socioeconomics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toward a Typology of Dynamic and Hazardous Work Environments AN - 18277228; 5330019 AB - The most hazardous work environments share one feature in common: constant change. Many different, but constantly changing hazards are found in agriculture, construction, mining, and transport. This dynamic feature of workplace hazards varies by: (1) degree of control, (2) predictability, (3) visibility, (4) movement, and (5) degree of speed and force. In some cases the actions of the dynamic hazards are required for production to take place, and in many cases, several different hazards may overlap and interact. Finally, whether intentional or unintentional, some dynamic hazards are human generated. These are some of the features that distinguish dynamic and hazardous work environments across a variety of industries. The authors propose a preliminary typology of dynamic and hazardous work environments, along with a schema to systematically observe the dynamic characteristics of these hazards. The implications of this typology are considered with respect to worker training, hazard awareness, and safe work practices. For example, the implementation of the Hierarchy of Control is shown to require active worker involvement at every level in the hierarchy, except where an environmental hazard has been completely eliminated. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - Scharf, T AU - Vaught, C AU - Kidd, P AU - Steiner, L AU - Kowalski, K AU - Wiehagen, B AU - Rethi, L AU - Cole, H AD - Work Organization and Stress Research Section, Div. of Applied Research and Technology, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH, USA, Tscharf@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1827 EP - 1841 VL - 7 IS - 7 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - working conditions KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Occupational safety KW - Hazards KW - Transportation KW - Construction industry KW - Mining KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18277228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Toward+a+Typology+of+Dynamic+and+Hazardous+Work+Environments&rft.au=Scharf%2C+T%3BVaught%2C+C%3BKidd%2C+P%3BSteiner%2C+L%3BKowalski%2C+K%3BWiehagen%2C+B%3BRethi%2C+L%3BCole%2C+H&rft.aulast=Scharf&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1827&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Occupational injury risk. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational safety; Hazards; Agriculture; Mining; Transportation; Construction industry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antiviral Activities of Extracts Isolated from Terminalis chebula Retz., Sanguisorba officinalis L., Rubus coreanus Miq. and Rheum palmatum L. Against Hepatitis B Virus AN - 18256896; 5314951 AB - The antiviral effects of aqueous extracts of Terminalis chebula Retz., Sanguisorba officinalis L., Rubus coreanus Miq. and Rheum palmatum L. were examined by a cell culture system using a hepatitis B virus (HBV) producing cell line, HepG2 2.2.15. The extracts were assayed for the inhibition of HBV multiplication by measurement of HBV DNA and surface antigen (HBsAg) levels in the extracellular medium of HepG2 2.2.15 cells after an 8-day treatment. All extracts decreased the levels of extracellular HBV virion DNA at concentrations ranging from 64 to 128 mu g/mL and inhibited the secretion of HBsAg dose dependently. Of the four tested plants, Terminalis chebula exhibited the most prominent anti-HBV activities. JF - Phytotherapy Research AU - Kim, Tae Gyun AU - Kang, Seog Youn AU - Jung, Ki Kyung AU - Kang, Ju Hye AU - Lee, Euna AU - Han, Hyung Mee AU - Kim, Seung Hee AD - Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul 122-704, Korea, biokim@kfda.go.kr Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 718 EP - 720 VL - 15 IS - 8 SN - 0951-418X, 0951-418X KW - HepG2 2.2.15 cells KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Terminalis chebula KW - Hepatitis B virus KW - Cell culture KW - Antigens KW - Antiviral agents KW - Hepatitis B KW - Terminalia chebula KW - Plant extracts KW - A 01068:Antiviral & viricidal KW - V 22100:Antiviral agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18256896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytotherapy+Research&rft.atitle=Antiviral+Activities+of+Extracts+Isolated+from+Terminalis+chebula+Retz.%2C+Sanguisorba+officinalis+L.%2C+Rubus+coreanus+Miq.+and+Rheum+palmatum+L.+Against+Hepatitis+B+Virus&rft.au=Kim%2C+Tae+Gyun%3BKang%2C+Seog+Youn%3BJung%2C+Ki+Kyung%3BKang%2C+Ju+Hye%3BLee%2C+Euna%3BHan%2C+Hyung+Mee%3BKim%2C+Seung+Hee&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Tae&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=718&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytotherapy+Research&rft.issn=0951418X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fptr.832 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hepatitis B virus; Terminalis chebula; Terminalia chebula; Hepatitis B; Plant extracts; Antiviral agents; Cell culture; Antigens DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.832 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of Risk Factors for Fatal Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: Evidence for Superiority of Tetracyclines for Therapy AN - 18250067; 5310789 AB - Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of fatal and nonfatal cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) were compared to identify risk factors for death caused by this disease. Confirmed and probable RMSF cases reported through US national surveillance for 1981-1998 were analyzed. Among 6388 RMSF patients, 213 died (annual case-fatality rate, 3.3%; range, 4.9% in 1982 to 1.1% in 1996). Use of tetracycline-class antibiotics for treatment of RMSF increased significantly in the 1990s, compared with use in the 1980s. Older patients, patients treated with chloramphenicol only, patients for whom tetracycline antibiotics were not the primary therapy, and patients for whom treatment was delayed greater than or equal to 5 days after the onset of symptoms were at higher risk for death. Although the case-fatality rate was lower in the 1990s than in the 1980s, risk factors for fatal RMSF were similar. Despite the availability of effective antibiotics, RMSF-related deaths continue to occur because of delayed diagnosis and failure to use appropriate therapy. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Holman, R C AU - Paddock, C D AU - Curns, A T AU - Krebs, J W AU - McQuiston, J H AU - Childs, JE AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA, USA Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1437 EP - 1444 VL - 184 IS - 11 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mortality factors KW - Rocky Mountain spotted fever KW - Rickettsia rickettsii KW - Tetracyclines KW - J 02843:Skin UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18250067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+Risk+Factors+for+Fatal+Rocky+Mountain+Spotted+Fever%3A+Evidence+for+Superiority+of+Tetracyclines+for+Therapy&rft.au=Holman%2C+R+C%3BPaddock%2C+C+D%3BCurns%2C+A+T%3BKrebs%2C+J+W%3BMcQuiston%2C+J+H%3BChilds%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Holman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=184&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1437&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rickettsia rickettsii; Rocky Mountain spotted fever; Mortality factors; Tetracyclines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Standardization of Broth Microdilution and Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Tests for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Haemophilus somnus: Quality Control Standards for Ceftiofur, Enrofloxacin, Florfenicol, Gentamicin, Penicillin, Tetracycline, Tilmicosin, and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole AN - 18212703; 5287130 AB - Quality control (QC) standards for the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of two fastidious veterinary pathogens, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Haemophilus somnus, were developed in a multilaboratory study according to procedures established by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards for broth microdilution and disk diffusion testing. The medium recommended for the broth microdilution testing is cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth supplemented with 2% lysed horse blood, 2% yeast extract, and 2% supplement C. This medium has been designated veterinary fastidious medium. The medium recommended for the disk diffusion testing is chocolate Mueller-Hinton agar. The recommended QC organisms are A. pleuropneumoniae ATCC 27090 and H. somnus ATCC 700025. The QC MICs of ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, gentamicin, penicillin, tetracycline, tilmicosin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were determined for each isolate, as were the zone size ranges. Of the results from the participating laboratories, 94.0% of the zone diameter results and 97.0% of the MIC results fell within the suggested QC ranges for all compounds. These QC guidelines should allow greater accuracy in interpreting results when testing these antimicrobial agents against fastidious pathogens. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - McDermott, P F AU - Barry, AL AU - Jones, R N AU - Stein, GE AU - Thornsberry, C AU - Wu, C C AU - Walker, R D AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, HFV530, Laurel, MD 20708., rwalker@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 4283 EP - 4287 VL - 39 IS - 12 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - florfenicol KW - tilmicosin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Trimethoprim KW - Drug sensitivity testing KW - Enrofloxacin KW - Antibacterial agents KW - Sulfamethoxazole KW - Haemophilus somnus KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Gentamicin KW - Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae KW - Standards KW - Dilution tests KW - Disc-diffusion test KW - J 02802:Antibacterial Agents: General KW - A 01066:Antibacterial & bactericidal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18212703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Standardization+of+Broth+Microdilution+and+Disk+Diffusion+Susceptibility+Tests+for+Actinobacillus+pleuropneumoniae+and+Haemophilus+somnus%3A+Quality+Control+Standards+for+Ceftiofur%2C+Enrofloxacin%2C+Florfenicol%2C+Gentamicin%2C+Penicillin%2C+Tetracycline%2C+Tilmicosin%2C+and+Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole&rft.au=McDermott%2C+P+F%3BBarry%2C+AL%3BJones%2C+R+N%3BStein%2C+GE%3BThornsberry%2C+C%3BWu%2C+C+C%3BWalker%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=McDermott&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.39.12.4283-4287.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; Haemophilus somnus; Drug sensitivity testing; Antibacterial agents; Disc-diffusion test; Dilution tests; Standards; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Gentamicin; Trimethoprim; Sulfamethoxazole; Enrofloxacin; Antimicrobial agents DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.39.12.4283-4287.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - TCDD-inducible poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: a novel response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. AN - 72298323; 11716501 AB - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) causes pleotropic effects in mammalian species through modulating gene expression. Here we analyzed TCDD-induced mRNA expression by using mRNA differential display and report the cloning of a novel TCDD-inducible poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (TiPARP). TiPARP cDNA contains an open reading frame of 657 amino acid residues; the carboxyl half shares sequence similarity to the catalytic domain of PARP, a family of enzymes that catalyze poly ADP-ribosylation of proteins. Expression of the cDNA by in vitro transcription/translation reveals a protein of approximately 75 kDa. The expressed TiPARP exhibits PARP activity toward histone. TiPARP is highly homologous to RM1 which is induced during long-term potentiation, a memory formation process, and to TIL which is induced in T cells infiltrating progressing tumors. TiPARP mRNA is expressed in a broad range of mouse tissues. Together, these data demonstrate that TiPARP is a novel target of TCDD that may contribute to multiple responses to TCDD by modulating protein function through poly ADP-ribosylation. JF - Biochemical and biophysical research communications AU - Ma, Q AU - Baldwin, K T AU - Renzelli, A J AU - McDaniel, A AU - Dong, L AD - Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. qam1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/11/30/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 30 SP - 499 EP - 506 VL - 289 IS - 2 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - DNA, Complementary KW - 0 KW - Ligands KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Teratogens KW - 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, human KW - EC 2.4.2.30 KW - Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases KW - Index Medicus KW - Protein Biosynthesis KW - Animals KW - Blotting, Northern KW - Open Reading Frames KW - Catalytic Domain KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Mice KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Gene Expression Profiling KW - Base Sequence KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - DNA, Complementary -- metabolism KW - Genetic Vectors KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Long-Term Potentiation KW - Catalysis KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- pharmacology KW - Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases -- metabolism KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72298323?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.atitle=TCDD-inducible+poly%28ADP-ribose%29+polymerase%3A+a+novel+response+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.&rft.au=Ma%2C+Q%3BBaldwin%2C+K+T%3BRenzelli%2C+A+J%3BMcDaniel%2C+A%3BDong%2C+L&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=Q&rft.date=2001-11-30&rft.volume=289&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=499&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - No alterations in the performance of two interval timing operant tasks after alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO)-induced cerebellar stunting. AN - 72268467; 11704259 AB - The cerebellum is critically involved in temporal processes in the millisecond range and may be involved in longer time estimations (i.e. in the seconds range). Estimates in the millisecond range are impaired after developmentally induced cerebellar alterations, however, little is known about the effects of similar alterations on longer timing performance. Appropriately timed DFMO treatment reliably causes cerebellar stunting in rats, however, its effects on temporal estimation performance are unknown. Here, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with subcutaneous injections of 500 mg/kg DFMO on postnatal days 5-12, causing a 10% cerebellar weight reduction at adulthood. As adults, subjects were tested under one of two paradigms - a differential reinforcement of low response rate (DRL) task requiring that subjects withhold a lever press response for 10-14 s or a temporal response differentiation (TRD) task requiring that subjects maintain a lever press response for 10-14 s. Training and steady-state performance of the DRL and TRD tasks were not significantly altered by DFMO treatment. Performance after acute challenges with two dopaminergic agonists (2.00-7.50 mg/kg methylphenidate and 0.10-1.00 mg/kg d-amphetamine) was measured after which all subjects underwent behavioral extinction. Generally, performance after methylphenidate and d-amphetamine was similar in control and DFMO-treated rats and DFMO treatment had no differential effects on performance during extinction. These results support findings from an earlier study [Ferguson SA, Paule MG, Holson RR. Neonatal dexamethasoneon day 7 in rats causes behavioral alterations reflective of hippocampal, but not cerebellar, deficits. Neurotoxicol Teratol, 2001; 23:57-69] indicating that developmental cerebellar stunting has few effects on time estimation within the range of seconds. JF - Behavioural brain research AU - Ferguson, S A AU - Cada, A M AU - Gray, E P AU - Paule, M G AD - Neurobehavioral Teratology Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, HFT-132, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. sferguson@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/11/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 29 SP - 135 EP - 146 VL - 126 IS - 1-2 SN - 0166-4328, 0166-4328 KW - Methylphenidate KW - 207ZZ9QZ49 KW - Dexamethasone KW - 7S5I7G3JQL KW - Dextroamphetamine KW - TZ47U051FI KW - Eflornithine KW - ZQN1G5V6SR KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Methylphenidate -- pharmacology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Association Learning -- drug effects KW - Dexamethasone -- pharmacology KW - Pregnancy KW - Dextroamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Hippocampus -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Brain Mapping KW - Injections, Subcutaneous KW - Mental Recall -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Male KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Maze Learning -- drug effects KW - Choice Behavior -- drug effects KW - Cerebellum -- drug effects KW - Time Perception -- drug effects KW - Orientation -- drug effects KW - Eflornithine -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72268467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavioural+brain+research&rft.atitle=No+alterations+in+the+performance+of+two+interval+timing+operant+tasks+after+alpha-difluoromethylornithine+%28DFMO%29-induced+cerebellar+stunting.&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+S+A%3BCada%2C+A+M%3BGray%2C+E+P%3BPaule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-11-29&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Behavioural+brain+research&rft.issn=01664328&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-22 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ricky Ray Hemophilia Relief Fund Program. Adoption of interim final rule as final rule with amendments. AN - 72380172; 11780623 AB - This document adopts the Ricky Ray Hemophilia Relief Fund Program interim final rule as a final rule with amendments. This final rule facilitates the petitioning process where health care history can be certified by physician assistants as well as by physicians or nurse practitioners; details the procedures by which the Secretary may resolve issues of eligibility or payment raised by a petition; ensures that payments made for the benefit of minors and other individuals who do not have the legal capacity to receive the payments are used for their benefit; and allows additional time for petitioners who are having difficulty obtaining needed medical or legal documentation to complete their petitions. JF - Federal register AU - Health Resources and Services Administration, HHS AD - Health Resources and Services Administration, HHS Y1 - 2001/11/23/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 23 SP - 58667 EP - 58672 VL - 66 IS - 226 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Factor VIII KW - 9001-27-8 KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Factor VIII -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Time Factors KW - Hemophilia A -- drug therapy KW - Financial Support KW - Financing, Government KW - Eligibility Determination KW - Hemophilia A -- economics KW - HIV Infections -- economics KW - HIV Infections -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72380172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Ricky+Ray+Hemophilia+Relief+Fund+Program.+Adoption+of+interim+final+rule+as+final+rule+with+amendments.&rft.au=Health+Resources+and+Services+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Health+Resources+and+Services+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2001-11-23&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=226&rft.spage=58667&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-09 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of a mutant form of Leishmania donovani centrin reduces the growth of the parasite. AN - 72272919; 11544261 AB - Leishmania donovani, a protozoan parasite, causes visceral disease in humans. To identify genes that control growth, we have isolated for the first time in the order Kinetoplastida a gene encoding for centrin from L. donovani. Centrin is a calcium-binding cytoskeletal protein essential for centrosome duplication or segregation. Protein sequence similarity and immunoreactivity confirmed that Leishmania centrin is a homolog of human centrin 2. Immunofluorescence analysis localized the protein in the basal body. Calcium binding analysis revealed that its C-terminal Ca(2+) binding domain binds 16-fold more calcium than the N-terminal domain. Electrophoretic mobility shift of centrin treated with EGTA and abrogation of the shift in its mutants lacking a Ca(2+) binding site suggest that Ca(2+) binding to these regions may have a role in the protein conformation. The levels of centrin mRNA and protein were high during the exponential growth of the parasite in culture and declined to a low level in the stationary phase. Expression of N-terminal-deleted centrin in the parasite significantly reduces its growth rate, and it was found that significantly more cells are arrested in the G(2)/M stage than in control cells. These studies indicate that centrin may have a functional role in Leishmania growth. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Selvapandiyan, A AU - Duncan, R AU - Debrabant, A AU - Bertholet, S AU - Sreenivas, G AU - Negi, N S AU - Salotra, P AU - Nakhasi, H L AD - Laboratory of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Unconventional Agents, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Disease, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 2001/11/16/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 16 SP - 43253 EP - 43261 VL - 276 IS - 46 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins KW - 0 KW - Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone KW - RNA, Messenger KW - caltractin KW - 118216-31-2 KW - Egtazic Acid KW - 526U7A2651 KW - RNA KW - 63231-63-0 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Blotting, Northern KW - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Microscopy, Fluorescence KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Blotting, Southern KW - RNA -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Time Factors KW - Cell Cycle KW - Protein Conformation KW - Phylogeny KW - Immunoblotting KW - Plasmids -- metabolism KW - Cytoskeleton -- metabolism KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Gene Deletion KW - Blotting, Western KW - Base Sequence KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Transfection KW - Protein Structure, Tertiary KW - Egtazic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Leishmania donovani -- chemistry KW - Leishmania donovani -- genetics KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins -- chemistry KW - Leishmania donovani -- physiology KW - Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72272919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Expression+of+a+mutant+form+of+Leishmania+donovani+centrin+reduces+the+growth+of+the+parasite.&rft.au=Selvapandiyan%2C+A%3BDuncan%2C+R%3BDebrabant%2C+A%3BBertholet%2C+S%3BSreenivas%2C+G%3BNegi%2C+N+S%3BSalotra%2C+P%3BNakhasi%2C+H+L&rft.aulast=Selvapandiyan&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-11-16&rft.volume=276&rft.issue=46&rft.spage=43253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-26 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF406767; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phenobarbital and dizocilpine can block methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in mice by mechanisms that are independent of thermoregulation. AN - 72250673; 11689178 AB - Body temperature profiles observed during methamphetamine (METH) exposure are known to affect dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels in the striatum of mice; hyperthermia potentiates depletion while hypothermia is protective against depletions. In the current study, the doses of METH were sufficiently great that significant dopamine and TH depletions occurred even though hypothermia occurred. Four doses, administered at 2 h intervals, of 15 mg/kg (4x15 mg/kg) D-METH significantly decreased TH and dopamine levels to 50% of control in mice becoming hypothermic during dosing in a 13 degrees C environment. Phenobarbital or dizocilpine during METH exposure blocked the depletions while diazepam did not. Phenobarbital and dizocilpine did not block depletions by altering the hypothermic profiles from that observed during METH only exposure. Here we show that phenobarbital and dizocilpine can block measures of METH neurotoxicity by non-thermoregulatory mechanisms. JF - Brain research AU - Bowyer, J F AU - Holson, R R AU - Miller, D B AU - O'Callaghan, J P AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. jbowyer@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/11/16/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 16 SP - 179 EP - 183 VL - 919 IS - 1 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Dopamine Agents KW - 0 KW - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Dizocilpine Maleate KW - 6LR8C1B66Q KW - Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase KW - EC 1.14.16.2 KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Phenobarbital KW - YQE403BP4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase -- metabolism KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- drug effects KW - Dopamine Agents -- toxicity KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- physiology KW - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists -- administration & dosage KW - Dizocilpine Maleate -- administration & dosage KW - Phenobarbital -- administration & dosage KW - Methamphetamine -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72250673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Phenobarbital+and+dizocilpine+can+block+methamphetamine-induced+neurotoxicity+in+mice+by+mechanisms+that+are+independent+of+thermoregulation.&rft.au=Bowyer%2C+J+F%3BHolson%2C+R+R%3BMiller%2C+D+B%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Bowyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-11-16&rft.volume=919&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-03 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In situ expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) receptors in human brain tumors and cytotoxicity of a recombinant IL-4 cytotoxin in primary glioblastoma cell cultures. AN - 72290256; 11719427 AB - We have reported that human malignant glioma cell lines express high levels of plasma membrane interleukin-4 receptors (IL-4R). We have also reported that biopsy/surgical samples or primary explant cell cultures from brain tumors express mRNA and protein for the IL-4Ralpha chain, a primary IL-4-binding protein. However, whether IL-4R are expressed in brain tumors in situ has not been resolved. In addition, expression of IL-4R on the cell surface of various normal brain tissues is not known. We examined the expression of IL-4R by using a monoclonal antibody to the IL-4Ralpha chain (also known as IL-4R beta) in surgical/biopsy samples of brain tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry. Our data indicate that 15 of 18 glioblastoma multiforme (GBMs) tumors obtained from two different institutions and 12 other brain tumor samples are moderately to intensely positive for IL-4Ralpha. In contrast, although IL-4Ralpha mRNA was expressed, no IL-4R protein was detectable in two adult and one pediatric brain tissue specimens. In addition, a commercially available human neural tissue grid containing fixed tissues from various areas of brain showed no positive staining for the IL-4Ralpha chain. IL-4Ralpha expression was also demonstrated on astrocytoma grades I, II, and III. Because IL-4 cytotoxin comprised of a circularly permutated IL-4 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin [IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL] is cytotoxic to IL-4R-expressing cells, we tested whether primary GBM explant cell cultures are sensitive to IL-4 cytotoxin. Our data indicate that 13 of 15 GBM cell cultures were 25-74 times more sensitive to IL-4 cytotoxin compared with normal human astrocytes or the NT2 neuronal cell line. These observations indicate that human brain tumors in situ overexpress IL-4R compared with normal brain tissues, thus confirming our previous conclusions that IL-4R in brain tumors may serve as an attractive target for anticancer therapy. JF - Cancer research AU - Joshi, B H AU - Leland, P AU - Asher, A AU - Prayson, R A AU - Varricchio, F AU - Puri, R K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Food and Drug Administration, 29 Lincoln Drive MSC 4555, Bethesda, MD 20892-4555, USA. Y1 - 2001/11/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 15 SP - 8058 EP - 8061 VL - 61 IS - 22 SN - 0008-5472, 0008-5472 KW - Immunotoxins KW - 0 KW - Receptors, Interleukin-4 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - interleukin 4 (38-37)-PE38KDEL KW - Interleukin-4 KW - 207137-56-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Recombinant Proteins -- toxicity KW - Humans KW - Recombinant Proteins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Immunotoxins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Receptors, Interleukin-4 -- biosynthesis KW - Brain Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Immunotoxins -- toxicity KW - Glioblastoma -- metabolism KW - Brain Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Glioblastoma -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72290256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+research&rft.atitle=In+situ+expression+of+interleukin-4+%28IL-4%29+receptors+in+human+brain+tumors+and+cytotoxicity+of+a+recombinant+IL-4+cytotoxin+in+primary+glioblastoma+cell+cultures.&rft.au=Joshi%2C+B+H%3BLeland%2C+P%3BAsher%2C+A%3BPrayson%2C+R+A%3BVarricchio%2C+F%3BPuri%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Joshi&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-11-15&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=8058&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+research&rft.issn=00085472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-12 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced systemic tissue distribution after dermal versus intravenous 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl exposure: limited utility of radiolabel blood area under the curve and excretion data in dermal absorption calculations and tissue exposure assessment. AN - 72283519; 11708897 AB - As a dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) is receiving increasing research and regulatory interest due to its high toxicity and persistence in the environment. (14)C-TCB was administered at an identical dose of 300 microg via the intravenous (iv) or dermal route to swine to examine the exposure route dependency of the relationship between tissue exposure and blood area under the curve (AUC) and the relationship between dermal absorption and excretion of radiolabel. After iv and dermal exposure, blood, urine, and feces samples were collected during the 11-day in vivo studies. At the end of the experiments, full mass balance studies were conducted to characterize tissue distribution of label. On average, over 70% of the applied dermal and iv doses were recovered. As expected, more than a 10-fold increase in blood AUC (0.49 vs 0.031, h x % dose/ml), plasma AUC (0.40 vs 0.038, h x % dose/ml), urine excretion (29 vs 2.3% of the applied dose), and fecal (30 vs 3.0% of the applied dose) excretion was determined after iv exposure compared to dermal exposure. However, we unexpectedly found that the tissue residue following iv exposure (8.0% of the applied dose) was only half that following dermal exposure (16% of the applied dose). Significantly larger (20- to 30-fold) ratios of blood AUC:tissue residue and excretion:tissue residue were observed after iv exposure compared to dermal exposure. This may indicate a route-related concentration-dependent blood-to-tissue partition process of pooled label, unique skin metabolism, or saturable hepatic metabolism of TCB. Thus, a long-term, low-input exposure pattern similar to this dermal exposure could be more harmful to systemic tissues than a short-term, high-dose exposure similar to this iv exposure. One should be aware that greater absorption, higher blood concentrations, greater blood and plasma AUCs, and greater excretion of label do not necessarily result in a greater overall tissue exposure and that some conventional approaches using label determination in blood and excreta without full mass balance studies may underestimate dermal absorption of chemicals similar to TCB. Copyright 2001 Academic Press. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Qiao, G L AU - Riviere, J E AD - Exposure Assessment Branch/Health Effect Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. gaq1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/11/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 15 SP - 26 EP - 37 VL - 177 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Carbon Radioisotopes KW - 0 KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Administration, Cutaneous KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Area Under Curve KW - Body Burden KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Female KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- administration & dosage KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72283519?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Enhanced+systemic+tissue+distribution+after+dermal+versus+intravenous+3%2C3%27%2C4%2C4%27-tetrachlorobiphenyl+exposure%3A+limited+utility+of+radiolabel+blood+area+under+the+curve+and+excretion+data+in+dermal+absorption+calculations+and+tissue+exposure+assessment.&rft.au=Qiao%2C+G+L%3BRiviere%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Qiao&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-11-15&rft.volume=177&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=26&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-18 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From the Food and Drug Administration. AN - 72259056; 11694130 JF - JAMA AU - Schwetz, B A AD - Acting Principal Deputy Commissioner, Food and Drug Administration, USA. Y1 - 2001/11/07/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 07 SP - 2085 VL - 286 IS - 17 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Taxoids KW - 0 KW - Deoxycytidine KW - 0W860991D6 KW - docetaxel KW - 15H5577CQD KW - Capecitabine KW - 6804DJ8Z9U KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate KW - C42K0PH13C KW - Paclitaxel KW - P88XT4IS4D KW - Fluorouracil KW - U3P01618RT KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Financing, Government KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Testis -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Fluorouracil -- analogs & derivatives KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Spermatogenesis -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Paclitaxel -- administration & dosage KW - Breast Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Pacemaker, Artificial KW - Deoxycytidine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Paclitaxel -- analogs & derivatives KW - Orphan Drug Production KW - Deoxycytidine -- administration & dosage KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate -- adverse effects KW - Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols -- therapeutic use KW - Heart Failure -- therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72259056?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=From+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration.&rft.au=Schwetz%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Schwetz&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-11-07&rft.volume=286&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=2085&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-28 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dental device-associated problems: an analysis of FDA postmarket surveillance data. AN - 72404406; 11806067 AB - The authors provide an analysis of dental device adverse event reports collected through the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's, or FDA's, mandatory and voluntary reporting programs between Aug. 1, 1996, and June 30, 1999. This study includes an analysis of the total number of dental device adverse events reported during the study period and uses descriptive statistics to depict reporters' occupations, types of adverse events (deaths, injuries, malfunctions), device categories, device problems and patient problems. A total of 272,241 device reports were received during the 35-month study period, 28,555 (10.5 percent) of which involved dental devices. Within these reports, two deaths (0.007 percent), 18,406 injuries (64.4 percent) and 9,942 device malfunctions (34.8 percent) were reported. The most commonly reported dental devices were endosseous implants, which represented more than 90 percent of all dental device reports. Most reports (84.1 percent) provided the reporter's occupation, and the most frequently cited occupation was dentist (76.3 percent), followed by dental assistant (4.2 percent). Dentists and dental staff members are a vital link in the FDA's adverse event reporting system and are encouraged to report device problems to the FDA MedWatch program. JF - Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) AU - Fuller, J AU - Parmentier, C AD - Division of Postmarket Surveillance, Office of Surveillance and Biometrics, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 1350 Piccard Drive, Room 300, HFZ-520, Rockville, Md. 20850, USA. jyf@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 1540 EP - 1548 VL - 132 IS - 11 SN - 0002-8177, 0002-8177 KW - Dental Implants KW - 0 KW - Dentistry KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Mouth -- injuries KW - Data Collection -- methods KW - Professional Role KW - Equipment Failure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Dentists KW - Databases, Factual KW - Maxillofacial Injuries -- etiology KW - Dental Implantation, Endosseous -- adverse effects KW - Dental Equipment -- adverse effects KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing -- methods KW - Oral Surgical Procedures -- instrumentation KW - Dental Restoration Failure KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing -- statistics & numerical data KW - Oral Surgical Procedures -- adverse effects KW - Dental Implants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72404406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Dental+Association+%281939%29&rft.atitle=Dental+device-associated+problems%3A+an+analysis+of+FDA+postmarket+surveillance+data.&rft.au=Fuller%2C+J%3BParmentier%2C+C&rft.aulast=Fuller&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1540&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Dental+Association+%281939%29&rft.issn=00028177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alaska's model program for occupational injury prevention: applying surveillance for effective public health practice. AN - 72370911; 11768453 AB - NIOSH established its Alaska Field Station in Anchorage, Alaska, in 1991, after identifying Alaska as America's highest-risk state for traumatic worker fatalities. Since then, NIOSH established comprehensive occupational injury surveillance in Alaska, and formed and facilitated interagency working groups (of state and federal agencies) and industry, labor, and professional organizations to address major factors leading to occupational death and injury in the state. Descriptive epidemiologic study of registry surveillance data obtained via direct on-site investigation of incidents and data-sharing with jurisdictional agencies. We established a surveillance system, obtaining information via data-sharing with jurisdictional agencies and from direct on-site investigation of incidents. Also, we collaborate with state and regional government agencies, industry, workers, and non-governmental organizations to develop interventions. During 1991-1999, Alaska experienced a 50-percent overall decline in work-related deaths, including a substantial decline in commercial fishing deaths, and a very sharp decline in helicopter logging-related deaths. These efforts have lead to major national and international government-industry collaborative efforts in improving the safety of helicopter lift operations, and a concomitant improvement in fishing industry mortality rates among workers fishing Alaskan seas. Using surveillance data as information for action, these collaborative efforts have contributed to reducing Alaska's high occupational fatality rate. This reduction has been most clearly demonstrated in the rapidly expanding helicopter logging industry. The application of surveillance data also has played an important supportive role in the substantial progress made in reducing the mortality rate in Alaska's commercial fishing industry--historically, Alaska's (and America's) most dangerous industry, and the worst killer of Alaskan workers. Results suggest that extending Alaska's approach to occupational injury surveillance and prevention to other parts of the country, and application of these strategies to the entire spectrum of occupational injury hazards, could have a broad impact on reducing occupational injuries. JF - International journal of circumpolar health AU - Conway, G A AU - Lincoln, J M AU - Husberg, B J AU - Manwaring, J C AU - Bensyl, D M AU - Choromanski, D M AD - CDC/NIOSH/DSR, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA. GConway@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 714 EP - 723 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 1239-9736, 1239-9736 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Registries KW - Aircraft KW - Humans KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Technology Transfer KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Public Health Practice KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72370911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+circumpolar+health&rft.atitle=Alaska%27s+model+program+for+occupational+injury+prevention%3A+applying+surveillance+for+effective+public+health+practice.&rft.au=Conway%2C+G+A%3BLincoln%2C+J+M%3BHusberg%2C+B+J%3BManwaring%2C+J+C%3BBensyl%2C+D+M%3BChoromanski%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Conway&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=714&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+circumpolar+health&rft.issn=12399736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-17 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-14 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of Cry9C protein in corn-based foods by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: interlaboratory study. AN - 72369674; 11767159 AB - The performance of a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (Enviro-Logix) was assessed for the determination of Cry9C protein, which is produced by the genetically modified corn StarLink, in 8 types of corn-based foods (starch, refined oil, soft tortillas, tortilla chips, corn flakes, corn puffs, corn muffins, and corn bread) in an interlaboratory study involving 7 laboratories in the United States. The assay kit is a double antibody sandwich and is based on the specific interaction between antibody and antigen. The Cry9C protein analyte is sandwiched between 2 antibodies, one to capture the analyte and the other is conjugated to the enzyme, horseradish peroxidase. The enzyme uses tetramethylbenzidine/peroxide for color development. A strong acid stopping reagent is then used to change the color from blue to a stable yellow. The intensity of the color is proportional to the concentration of the Cry9C protein. In this study blind duplicates of control samples (blank material prepared from non- StarLink corn), spiked samples (blank material with the addition of Cry9C protein), and samples containing incurred analyte (products prepared with StarLink corn) were analyzed. Cry9C protein from 2 different sources was used to spike the food products. Cry9C protein produced and purified from a bacterial host was used to prepare spiked test samples at 2.72 and 6.8 ng/g. Cry9C protein from StarLink corn flour was used to prepare spiked samples at 1.97 ng/g. Average recoveries for samples spiked with corn flour Cry9C protein at 1.97 ng/g ranged from 73 to 122%, within-laboratory relative standard deviations (RSDr) ranged from 6 to 22%, and between-laboratories relative standard deviations (RSDR) ranged from 16 to 56%. Average recoveries for samples spiked with bacterial Cry9C protein at 2.72 and 6.8 ng/g ranged from 27 to 96% and from 32 to 113%, respectively; RSDr values ranged from 10 to 35% and from 7 to 38%, respectively; and the RSDR ranged from 28 to 84% and 15 to 75%, respectively. The incurred test samples were found to contain Cry9C protein at levels ranging from 0.8 to 3187 ng/g depending on the product, RSDr values ranged from 5 to 16% and RSDR values ranged from 11 to 71%. Results of the statistical analysis indicate that this method is applicable to the determination of Cry9C protein in the 8 types of collaboratively studied corn-based products containing Cry9C protein (from StarLink) at levels of > or =2 ng/g. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Trucksess, N W AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204, USA. mtruckse@cfsan.fda.gov PY - 2001 SP - 1891 EP - 1901 VL - 84 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - Endotoxins KW - Hemolysin Proteins KW - insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Laboratories KW - Reference Standards KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Food, Genetically Modified KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Food Analysis -- standards KW - Food Analysis -- statistics & numerical data KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay -- methods KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay -- standards KW - Bacterial Proteins -- analysis KW - Endotoxins -- standards KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay -- statistics & numerical data KW - Endotoxins -- analysis KW - Bacterial Proteins -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72369674?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+Cry9C+protein+in+corn-based+foods+by+enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assay%3A+interlaboratory+study.&rft.au=Trucksess%2C+N+W&rft.aulast=Trucksess&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1891&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-10 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of dietary genistein exposure during development on male and female CD (Sprague-Dawley) rats. AN - 72344666; 11738518 AB - Genistein is a naturally occurring isoflavone that interacts with estrogen receptors and multiple other molecular targets. Human exposure to genistein is predominantly through consumption of soy products, including soy-based infant formula and dietary supplements. A dose range-finding study was conducted as a prelude to a multigeneration bioassay to assess potential toxicities associated with genistein consumption. Genistein was administered in a soy- and alfalfa-free diet at 0, 5, 25, 100, 250, 625, or 1250 ppm to pregnant dams starting on Gestation day 7 and continuing throughout pregnancy. Dietary exposure of the dams continued through lactation, and pups were maintained on the same dosed feed as their mother after weaning until sacrifice at Postnatal day 50. Body weight and feed consumption of the treated dams prior to parturition showed a decreasing trend with a significant reduction at the highest dose. Litter birth weight was depressed in the 1250 ppm dose group, and pups of both sexes in that dose group had significantly decreased body weights relative to controls at the time of sacrifice. The most pronounced organ weight effects in the pups were decreased ventral prostate weight in males at the 1250 ppm dose and a trend toward higher pituitary gland to body weight ratios in both sexes. Histopathologic examination of female pups revealed ductal/alveolar hyperplasia of the mammary glands at 250 to 1250 ppm. Ductal/alveolar hyperplasia and hypertrophy also occurred in males, with significant effects seen at 25 ppm and above. Abnormal cellular maturation in the vagina was observed at 625 and 1250 ppm, and abnormal ovarian antral follicles were observed at 1250 ppm. In males, aberrant or delayed spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules relative to controls was observed at 1250 ppm. There was a deficit of sperm in the epididymis at 625 and 1250 ppm relative to controls, although testicular spermatid head counts and epididymal spermatozoa counts did not show significant differences from controls at these doses. Both sexes showed an increase in the incidence and/or severity of renal tubal mineralization at doses of 250 ppm and above. Dietary genistein thus produced effects in multiple estrogen-sensitive tissues in males and females that are generally consistent with its estrogenic activity. These effects occurred within exposure ranges achievable in humans. JF - Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) AU - Delclos, K B AU - Bucci, T J AU - Lomax, L G AU - Latendresse, J R AU - Warbritton, A AU - Weis, C C AU - Newbold, R R AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, NCTR, Jefferson, AR, USA. bdelclos@nctr.fda.gov PY - 2001 SP - 647 EP - 663 VL - 15 IS - 6 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - Estrogen Receptor Modulators KW - 0 KW - Genistein KW - DH2M523P0H KW - Index Medicus KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Prostate -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Kidney Tubules -- pathology KW - Mammary Glands, Animal -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Nephrocalcinosis -- chemically induced KW - Pregnancy KW - Rats KW - Nephrocalcinosis -- pathology KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Kidney Tubules -- drug effects KW - Mammary Glands, Animal -- pathology KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Toxicity Tests KW - Prostate -- pathology KW - Diet KW - Female KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Estrogen Receptor Modulators -- toxicity KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Genistein -- toxicity KW - Estrogen Receptor Modulators -- administration & dosage KW - Genistein -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72344666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Effects+of+dietary+genistein+exposure+during+development+on+male+and+female+CD+%28Sprague-Dawley%29+rats.&rft.au=Delclos%2C+K+B%3BBucci%2C+T+J%3BLomax%2C+L+G%3BLatendresse%2C+J+R%3BWarbritton%2C+A%3BWeis%2C+C+C%3BNewbold%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Delclos&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=647&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-09 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The influence of seam height on lost-time injury and fatality rates at small underground bituminous coal mines. AN - 72328895; 11757898 AB - Due to variations in the thickness of U.S. coal seams, there is great variability in the height of the roof where underground miners work. Restrictions imposed by low seam heights have important safety consequences. As the height of their workplace decreases, miners must stoop, duck walk, or crawl, and their vision, posture, and mobility become increasingly restricted. Low seam height also places important restrictions on the design of mobile equipment and other mining machinery. Using the employment and injury data reported to the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) from 1990 to 1996, small underground bituminous coal mines with less than 50 employees were stratified by average coal seam height according to the following categories: low ( or =61"). Injury rates for both nonfatal days lost and fatality cases were examined by seam height and leading type of injury incidents. The leading types of incidents associated with fatalities were roof falls and powered haulage equipment. In comparison to high-seam mines, miners working in low or medium seams are at higher risk of being killed by powered haulage equipment, roof bolting machines, and falls of unsupported roof. The leading types of incidents associated with nonfatal injuries were handling materials and powered haulage. As mining height decreases, miners are at increasingly higher risk of having a nonfatal injury from incidents involving roof bolting machines, load-haul-dump equipment, personnel carriers, and powered haulage conveyors. As mining height increases, miners are at increasingly higher risk of having a nonfatal injury from slips and falls and incidents involving shuttle cars and roof and rib falls. Knee injuries are a particularly severe problem in low-seam mines. The rate of injuries to miners while crawling or kneeling is 10 times higher in low seams than in high seams. JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Peters, R H AU - Fotta, B AU - Mallett, L G AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania, USA. Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 1028 EP - 1034 VL - 16 IS - 11 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Coal KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mortality KW - Humans KW - Wounds and Injuries KW - Facility Design and Construction KW - Posture KW - Risk Assessment KW - Occupational Health KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Mining KW - Absenteeism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72328895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+seam+height+on+lost-time+injury+and+fatality+rates+at+small+underground+bituminous+coal+mines.&rft.au=Peters%2C+R+H%3BFotta%2C+B%3BMallett%2C+L+G&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1028&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-28 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pooled exposure-response analyses and risk assessment for lung cancer in 10 cohorts of silica-exposed workers: an IARC multicentre study. AN - 72292350; 11714104 AB - Silica is one of the most common occupational exposures worldwide. In 1997 the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified inhaled crystalline silica as a human carcinogen (group 1), but acknowledged limitations in the epidemiologic data, including inconsistencies across studies and the lack of extensive exposure-response data. We have conducted a pooled exposure-response analysis of 10 silica-exposed cohorts to investigate lung cancer. The pooled cohort included 65,980 workers (44,160 miners, 21,820 nominees), and 1,072 lung cancer deaths (663 miners, 409 nonminers). Follow-up has been extended for five of these cohorts beyond published data. Quantitative exposure estimates by job and calendar time were adopted, modified, or developed to permit common analyses by respirable silica (mg/m3) across cohorts. The log of cumulative exposure, with a 15-year lag, was a strong predictor of lung cancer (p = 0.0001), with consistency across studies (test for heterogeneity, p = 0.34). Results for the log of cumulative exposure were consistent between underground mines and other facilities. Categorical analyses by quintile of cumulative exposure resulted in a monotonic trend with odds ratios of 1.0. 1.0, 1.3, 1.5, 1.6. Analyses using a spline curve also showed a monotonic increase in risk with increasing exposure. The estimated excess lifetime risk (through age 75) of lung cancer for a worker exposed from age 20 to 65 at 0.1 mg/m3 respirable crystalline silica (the permissible level in many countries) was 1.1-1.7%, above background risks of 3-6%. Our results support the decision by the IARC to classify inhaled silica in occupational settings as a carcinogen, and suggest that the current exposure limits in many countries may be inadequate. These data represent the first quantitative exposure-response analysis and risk assessment for silica using data from multiple studies. JF - Cancer causes & control : CCC AU - Steenland, K AU - Mannetje, A AU - Boffetta, P AU - Stayner, L AU - Attfield, M AU - Chen, J AU - Dosemeci, M AU - DeKlerk, N AU - Hnizdo, E AU - Koskela, R AU - Checkoway, H AU - International Agency for Research on Cancer AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, USA. nsteenland@cdc.gov ; International Agency for Research on Cancer Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 773 EP - 784 VL - 12 IS - 9 SN - 0957-5243, 0957-5243 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - granite KW - Diatomaceous Earth KW - 61790-53-2 KW - Gold KW - 7440-57-5 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Diatomaceous Earth -- adverse effects KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Silicosis -- complications KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Cohort Studies KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Mining KW - Risk Assessment KW - Gold -- adverse effects KW - Lung Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Silicon Dioxide -- standards KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- standards KW - Silicon Dioxide -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72292350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+causes+%26+control+%3A+CCC&rft.atitle=Pooled+exposure-response+analyses+and+risk+assessment+for+lung+cancer+in+10+cohorts+of+silica-exposed+workers%3A+an+IARC+multicentre+study.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BMannetje%2C+A%3BBoffetta%2C+P%3BStayner%2C+L%3BAttfield%2C+M%3BChen%2C+J%3BDosemeci%2C+M%3BDeKlerk%2C+N%3BHnizdo%2C+E%3BKoskela%2C+R%3BCheckoway%2C+H%3BInternational+Agency+for+Research+on+Cancer&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=773&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+causes+%26+control+%3A+CCC&rft.issn=09575243&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-13 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Cancer Causes Control. 2001 Nov;12(9):785-7 [11714105] Cancer Causes Control. 2002 Oct;13(8):779-80; author reply 781-2 [12420957] Cancer Causes Control. 2002 Oct;13(8):783-4; author reply 785 [12420958] Erratum In: Cancer Causes Control 2002 Oct;13(8):777 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating historical respirable crystalline silica exposures for Chinese pottery workers and iron/copper, tin, and tungsten miners. AN - 72291578; 11718659 AB - Collaborative studies of Chinese workers, using over four decades of dust monitoring data, are being conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and Tongji Medical University in China. The goal of these projects is to establish exposure-response relationships for the development of diseases such as silicosis or lung cancer in cohorts of pottery and mine workers. It is necessary to convert Chinese dust measurements to respirable silica measurements in order to make results from the Chinese data comparable to other results in the literature. This article describes the development of conversion factors and estimates of historical respirable crystalline silica exposure for Chinese workers. Ambient total dust concentrations (n>17000) and crystalline silica concentrations (n=347) in bulk dust were first gathered from historical industrial hygiene records. Analysis of the silica content in historical bulk samples revealed no trend from 1950 up to the present. During 1988-1989, side-by-side airborne dust samples (n=143 pairs) were collected using nylon cyclones and traditional Chinese samplers in 20 metal mines and nine pottery factories in China. These data were used to establish conversion factors between respirable crystalline silica concentrations and Chinese total dust concentrations. Based on the analysis of the available evidence, conversion factors derived from the 1988-1989 sampling campaign are assumed to apply to other time periods in this paper. The conversion factors were estimated to be 0.0143 for iron/copper, 0.0355 for pottery factories, 0.0429 for tin mines, and 0.0861 for tungsten mines. Conversion factors for individual facilities within each industry were also calculated. Analysis of variance revealed that mean conversion factors are significantly different among facilities within the iron/copper industry and within the pottery industry. The relative merits of using facility-specific conversion factors, industry-wide conversion factors, or a weighted average of the two are discussed. The exposure matrix of the historical Chinese total dust concentrations was multiplied by these conversion factors to obtain an exposure matrix of historical respirable crystalline silica concentrations. JF - The Annals of occupational hygiene AU - Zhuang, Z AU - Hearl, F J AU - Odencrantz, J AU - Chen, W AU - Chen, B T AU - Chen, J Q AU - McCawley, M A AU - Gao, P AU - Soderholm, S C AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. zaz3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 631 EP - 642 VL - 45 IS - 8 SN - 0003-4878, 0003-4878 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Tungsten KW - V9306CXO6G KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Humans KW - Sample Size KW - Mining KW - China KW - Ceramics KW - Silicon Dioxide -- analysis KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72291578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.atitle=Estimating+historical+respirable+crystalline+silica+exposures+for+Chinese+pottery+workers+and+iron%2Fcopper%2C+tin%2C+and+tungsten+miners.&rft.au=Zhuang%2C+Z%3BHearl%2C+F+J%3BOdencrantz%2C+J%3BChen%2C+W%3BChen%2C+B+T%3BChen%2C+J+Q%3BMcCawley%2C+M+A%3BGao%2C+P%3BSoderholm%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Zhuang&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=631&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.issn=00034878&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-16 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of polymorphism in the human glutathione S-transferase A1 promoter on hepatic GSTA1 and GSTA2 expression. AN - 72256137; 11692074 AB - The patterns of expression of glutathione S-transferases A1 and A2 in human liver (hGSTA1 and hGSTA2, respectively) are highly variable, notably in the ratio of hGSTA1/hGSTA2. We investigated if this variation had a genetic basis by sequencing the proximal promoters (-721 to -1 nucleotides) of hGSTA1 and hGSTA2, using 55 samples of human liver that exemplified the variability of hGSTA1 and hGSTA2 expression. Variants were found in the hGSTA1 gene: -631T or G, -567T, -69C, -52G, designated as hGSTA1*A; and -631G, -567G, -69T, -52A, designated as hGSTA1*B. Genotyping for the substitution -69C > T by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), showed that the polymorphism was widespread in Caucasians, African-Americans and Hispanics, and that it appeared to conform to allelic variation. Constructs consisting of the proximal promoters of hGSTA1*A, hGSTA1*B or hGSTA2, with luciferase as a reporter gene, showed differential expression when transfected into HepG2 cells: hGSTA1*A approximately hGSTA2 > hGSTA1*B. Similarly, mean levels of hGSTA1 protein expression in liver cytosols decreased significantly according to genotype: hGSTA1*A > hGSTA1-heterozygous > hGSTA1*B. Conversely, mean hGSTA2 expression increased according to the same order of hGSTA1 genotype. Consequently, the ratio of GSTA1/GSTA2 was highly hGSTA1 allele-specific. Because the polymorphism in hGSTA1 correlates with hGSTA1 and hGSTA2 expression in liver, and hGSTA1-1 and hGSTA2-2 exhibit differential catalysis of the detoxification of carcinogen metabolites and chemotherapeutics, the polymorphism is expected to be of significance for individual risk of cancer or individual response to chemotherapeutic agents. JF - Pharmacogenetics AU - Coles, B F AU - Morel, F AU - Rauch, C AU - Huber, W W AU - Yang, M AU - Teitel, C H AU - Green, B AU - Lang, N P AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. bcoles@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 663 EP - 669 VL - 11 IS - 8 SN - 0960-314X, 0960-314X KW - Isoenzymes KW - 0 KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - glutathione S-transferase alpha KW - Index Medicus KW - Genotype KW - Base Sequence KW - Transfection KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cell Line KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Isoenzymes -- biosynthesis KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Glutathione Transferase -- biosynthesis KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic -- genetics KW - Glutathione Transferase -- genetics KW - Isoenzymes -- genetics KW - Isoenzymes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72256137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacogenetics&rft.atitle=Effect+of+polymorphism+in+the+human+glutathione+S-transferase+A1+promoter+on+hepatic+GSTA1+and+GSTA2+expression.&rft.au=Coles%2C+B+F%3BMorel%2C+F%3BRauch%2C+C%3BHuber%2C+W+W%3BYang%2C+M%3BTeitel%2C+C+H%3BGreen%2C+B%3BLang%2C+N+P%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Coles&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=663&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacogenetics&rft.issn=0960314X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-28 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Xenobiotic response in humanized double transgenic mice expressing tetracycline-controlled transactivator and human CYP1B1. AN - 72224271; 11673863 AB - The cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s or CYPs) are a superfamily of hemeproteins that catalyze the monooxygenation of a wide range of endobiotic and xenobiotic substrates. A typical strategy in toxicological research and testing involves applying a toxicant at high doses for a short period to homogeneous animals under controlled conditions. However, the conditions of this approach have very little in common with actual human exposure. Transgenic (Tg) mice carrying human genes encoding a drug-metabolizing enzyme (CYP) offer a solution to many of the difficulties in the evaluation of chemical toxicity. It has been demonstrated that the expression of human CYP transgenes under the control of mammalian-inducible promoters exhibits relatively poor fold increases after induction. In this study, we used the tetracycline-regulated (tet) promoter system to increase the expression of the human CYP1B1 (hCYP1B1) gene in the tissues of transgenic mice. By mating two lineages of transgenic mice, double transgenic (dTg) mice expressing both tTA and hCYP1B1 genes under the control of the tet promoter were successfully produced, into which the two transgenes were introduced in an embryo. The expression pattern of tTA-driven hCYP1B1 transgene featured a fold induction of more than 3 to 12 in the brain, heart, and lung and 2- to 4-fold induction in the liver, kidney, and intestine upon doxycycline removal. Immunohistochemical staining with hCYP1B1 antibody was also increased by the removal of doxycycline. In addition, the activities of CYP liver microsomes in the dTg mice without doxycycline showed an increase compared to that in the dTg mice treated with doxycycline. The level of activities correspond to the levels of human CYP1B1 protein expression in the Tg mice (-dox) that was increased by 2-fold induction as compared to that of the dTg mice with doxycycline. Thus, overproduction in Tg can be purified and the activity of purified human CYP1B1 can be characterized by alterations to the coding sequence in order to solve the physiological function of this enzyme in a humanized in vivo system. It is also possible to examine the activity of purified human CYP1B1 using several environmental toxicants such as procarcinogens. Copyright 2001 Academic Press. JF - Archives of biochemistry and biophysics AU - Hwang, D Y AU - Chae, K R AU - Shin, D H AU - Hwang, J H AU - Lim, C H AU - Kim, Y J AU - Kim, B J AU - Goo, J S AU - Shin, Y Y AU - Jang, I S AU - Cho, J S AU - Kim, Y K AD - Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, Korea FDA, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Seoul, 122-704, Korea. Y1 - 2001/11/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 01 SP - 32 EP - 40 VL - 395 IS - 1 SN - 0003-9861, 0003-9861 KW - Xenobiotics KW - 0 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - CYP1B1 protein, human KW - Cyp1b1 protein, mouse KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1 KW - Tetracycline KW - F8VB5M810T KW - Doxycycline KW - N12000U13O KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Doxycycline -- pharmacology KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Intestines -- metabolism KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Myocardium -- metabolism KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic -- drug effects KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic -- genetics KW - Male KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Transgenes -- genetics KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Mice, Inbred DBA KW - Transgenes -- drug effects KW - Microsomes, Liver -- enzymology KW - Organ Specificity -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Tetracycline -- pharmacology KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Female KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- genetics KW - Xenobiotics -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72224271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+biochemistry+and+biophysics&rft.atitle=Xenobiotic+response+in+humanized+double+transgenic+mice+expressing+tetracycline-controlled+transactivator+and+human+CYP1B1.&rft.au=Hwang%2C+D+Y%3BChae%2C+K+R%3BShin%2C+D+H%3BHwang%2C+J+H%3BLim%2C+C+H%3BKim%2C+Y+J%3BKim%2C+B+J%3BGoo%2C+J+S%3BShin%2C+Y+Y%3BJang%2C+I+S%3BCho%2C+J+S%3BKim%2C+Y+K&rft.aulast=Hwang&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=395&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+biochemistry+and+biophysics&rft.issn=00039861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-05 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure, Resistance, and Recovery: A Three-Dimensional Framework for the Study of Mortality from Infectious Disease AN - 61424915; 200201590 AB - Presents a framework that integrates social & economic factors with the biological mechanisms of illness & death for the analysis of infectious disease mortality. The framework is built around three proximate processes: (1) exposure to potentially lethal pathogens, (2) resistance to disease pathogens after exposure, & (3) recovery from disease episodes after contraction. I apply this conceptual framework to morbidity & mortality from cholera across 41 less developed nations. 4 Tables, 2 Appendixes, 35 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Social Science and Medicine AU - Kirby, James B AD - Agency Healthcare Research & Quality, Rockville, MD jkirby@ahrq.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 1205 EP - 1215 VL - 53 IS - 9 SN - 0277-9536, 0277-9536 KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Mortality Rates KW - Developing Countries KW - Diseases KW - Morbidity KW - article KW - 6140: illness & health care UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61424915?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Science+and+Medicine&rft.atitle=Exposure%2C+Resistance%2C+and+Recovery%3A+A+Three-Dimensional+Framework+for+the+Study+of+Mortality+from+Infectious+Disease&rft.au=Kirby%2C+James+B&rft.aulast=Kirby&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Social+Science+and+Medicine&rft.issn=02779536&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - SSCMAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Socioeconomic Factors; Diseases; Developing Countries; Mortality Rates; Morbidity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioavailability of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D sub(4)) after Exposure to Silicones by Inhalation and Implantation AN - 18276957; 5326562 AB - We developed a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict the target organ doses of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D sub(4)) after intravenous (IV), inhalation, or implantation exposures. The model used super(14)C-D sub(4) IV disposition data in rats to estimate tissue distribution coefficients, metabolism, and excretion parameters. We validated the model by comparing the predicted blood and tissues concentrations of D sub(4) after inhalation to experimental results in both rats and humans. We then used the model to simulate D sub(4) kinetics after single and/or repeated D sub(4) exposures in rats and humans. The model predicted bioaccumulation of D sub(4) in fatty tissues (e.g., breast), especially in women. Because of its high lipid solubility (Log P sub(oct/water) = 5.1), D sub(4) persisted in fat with a half life of 11.1 days after inhalation and 18.2 days after breast implant exposure. Metabolism and excretion remained constant with repeated exposures, larger doses, and/or different routes of exposure. The accumulation of D sub(4) in fatty tissues should play an important role in the risk assessment of D sub(4) especially in women exposed daily to multiple personal care products and silicone breast implants. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Luu, Hoan-My Do AU - Hutter, J C AD - U.S. FDA, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, 12725 Twinbrook Parkway HFZ-150, Rockville, MD 20852, USA, hml@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 1095 EP - 1101 VL - 109 IS - 11 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - pharmacokinetics KW - rats KW - octamethylcylotetrasiloxane KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Silicones KW - Implants KW - Models KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18276957?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Bioavailability+of+Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane+%28D+sub%284%29%29+after+Exposure+to+Silicones+by+Inhalation+and+Implantation&rft.au=Luu%2C+Hoan-My+Do%3BHutter%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Luu&rft.aufirst=Hoan-My&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1095&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Inhalation; Silicones; Implants; Models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spontaneous Abortion, Sex Ratio, and Paternal Occupational Exposure to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin AN - 18276407; 5326567 AB - There is conflicting research regarding an association between fetal death and paternal exposure to Agent Orange, a phenoxy herbicide widely used in Vietnam that was contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Men who worked in the U.S. factories that produced Agent Orange were exposed to TCDD at levels hundreds of times higher than TCDD levels in the general population. Wives of TCDD-exposed chemical workers and wives of nonexposed neighborhood referents were interviewed to determine reproductive history. Paternal serum TCDD level at time of conception was estimated for each pregnancy using serum samples taken in 1987. Estimated TCDD levels of workers during or after exposure were high (median, 254 ppt; range, 3-16,340 ppt) compared to referent levels (median, 6 ppt; range, 2-19 ppt). No association between paternal TCDD level at the time of conception and spontaneous abortion was observed among pregnancies fathered by workers with TCDD levels of < 20 ppt [odds ratio (OR) = 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.48-1.22], 20 to < 255 ppt (OR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.40-1.63), 255 to < 1,120, (OR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.30-1.58), and greater than or equal to 1,120 ppt (OR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.42-2.17) compared to pregnancies fathered by referents. The sex ratio [males/(males + females)] of offspring also did not differ by TCDD exposure (0.53 and 0.54 among workers and referents, respectively). We did not find an association between paternal serum TCDD level and spontaneous abortion or sex ratio of offspring in this population. The estimated TCDD levels in this exposed worker population were much higher than in other studies, providing additional evidence that paternal TCDD exposure does not increase the risk of spontaneous abortion at levels above those observed in the general population. The study could not evaluate the effect of father's childhood or prenatal TCDD exposure on subsequent sex ratio. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Schnorr, T M AU - Lawson, C C AU - Whelan, E A AU - Dankovic, DA AU - Deddens, JA AU - Piacitelli, LA AU - Reefhuis, J AU - Sweeney, M H AU - Connally, L B AU - Fingerhut, MA AD - NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, tschnorr@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 1127 EP - 1132 VL - 109 IS - 11 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - man KW - paternal effects KW - sex ratio KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Sex ratio KW - Abortion KW - TCDD KW - Occupational exposure KW - Paternal effects KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18276407?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Spontaneous+Abortion%2C+Sex+Ratio%2C+and+Paternal+Occupational+Exposure+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin&rft.au=Schnorr%2C+T+M%3BLawson%2C+C+C%3BWhelan%2C+E+A%3BDankovic%2C+DA%3BDeddens%2C+JA%3BPiacitelli%2C+LA%3BReefhuis%2C+J%3BSweeney%2C+M+H%3BConnally%2C+L+B%3BFingerhut%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Schnorr&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational exposure; Abortion; TCDD; Sex ratio; Paternal effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gene transfer of interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 chain dramatically enhances the antitumor effect of IL-13 receptor-targeted cytotoxin in human prostate cancer xenografts AN - 18270414; 5324150 AB - IL-13R alpha 2 chain, the primary interleukin-13 (IL-13) binding protein, plays an important role in IL-13 binding and internalization. Based on these findings, in our previous study we transiently transfected four cancer cell lines that do not express IL-13R alpha 2 chain and demonstrated that these cells acquired increased sensitivity to IL-13 receptor-targeted recombinant cytotoxin, IL13-PE38QQR, which is composed of IL-13 and a mutated form of a Pseudomonas exotoxin. Although some prostate cancer cell lines express functional IL-13R, they are not highly sensitive to IL-13 cytotoxin. Here we investigated whether human prostate cancer and normal prostate epithelial cell lines express IL-13R alpha 2 chain and whether they can be sensitized to the cytotoxic effect of IL-13 cytotoxin after transient or stable gene transfer of IL-13R alpha 2 chain. Gene transfer of IL-13R alpha 2 chain improved binding activity of IL-13 and sensitivity to IL-13 cytotoxin in vitro. In vivo experiments demonstrated that gene transfer of IL-13R alpha 2 chain dramatically enhanced the antitumor activity of IL-13 cytotoxin in human prostate cancer xenograft models. These results suggest that IL-13R-targeted cytotoxin therapy of prostate cancer may be dramatically enhanced by gene transfer of IL-13R alpha 2 chain and this strategy, the combination of gene therapy and cytotoxin therapy, may be utilized in the treatment of localized prostate cancer. JF - Cancer Gene Therapy AU - Kawakami, K AU - Husain AU - Bright, R K AU - Puri, R K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, NIH Building 29B, Room 2NN10, 29 Lincoln Drive MSC 4555, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 861 EP - 868 VL - 8 IS - 11 SN - 0929-1903, 0929-1903 KW - man KW - interleukin 13 receptors KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Gene therapy KW - Cytotoxins KW - Cancer KW - Interleukin 13 KW - Xenografts KW - Prostate KW - G 07443:Gene therapy KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33180:Gene based (protocols, clinical trials, and animal models) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18270414?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Gene+Therapy&rft.atitle=Gene+transfer+of+interleukin+13+receptor+alpha+2+chain+dramatically+enhances+the+antitumor+effect+of+IL-13+receptor-targeted+cytotoxin+in+human+prostate+cancer+xenografts&rft.au=Kawakami%2C+K%3BHusain%3BBright%2C+R+K%3BPuri%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Kawakami&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=861&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+Gene+Therapy&rft.issn=09291903&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prostate; Cancer; Cytotoxins; Xenografts; Interleukin 13; Gene therapy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and characterization of an enzyme from Mycobacterium sp. Pyr-1, with nitroreductase activity and an N-terminal sequence similar to lipoamide dehydrogenase AN - 18240438; 5301165 AB - Mycobacterium sp. Pyr-1 produces an enzyme with nitroreductase activity that reduces 1-nitropyrene and 4-nitrobenzoic acid to the corresponding aromatic amines. This enzyme was constitutive and required NADH; and its activity was enhanced by FAD. It was inhibited by antimycin A, dicumarol, and o-iodosobenzoic acid; and it was inactivated by ammonium sulfate precipitation. After purification to homogeneity, the protein produced a single band on native and SDS-polyacrylamide gels and had a single amino-terminal sequence. The N-terminal amino acid sequence was identical to the corresponding sequences of the lipoamide dehydrogenases of M. leprae, M. tuberculosis and Corynebacterium glutamicum. The amino-terminal sequence was also similar to lipoamide dehydrogenases from M. smegmatis and several other bacteria. The amino acid sequence of an internal peptide (12 of 13 amino acids) was nearly identical to the corresponding sequences of lipoamide dehydrogenases from M. leprae and M. tuberculosis and was similar to those of C. glutamicum, Streptomyces coelicolor and S. seoulensis. The data show that a unique lipoamide dehydrogenase in Mycobacterium sp. Pyr-1, which differs from classic (Type I) bacterial nitroreductases, reduces aromatic nitro compounds to aromatic amines. JF - Archives of Microbiology AU - Rafii, F AU - Hehman, G AU - Lunsford, P AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson AR 72079, USA, frafii@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 381 EP - 385 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00203/bibs/1176 005/11760381.htm] VL - 176 IS - 5 SN - 0302-8933, 0302-8933 KW - lipoamide dehydrogenases KW - amino acid sequence KW - NADH KW - Pyr-1 protein KW - antimycin A KW - dicumarol KW - flavine-adenine dinucleotide KW - nitroreductase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Reduction KW - Mycobacterium KW - Inhibitors KW - Gel electrophoresis KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18240438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Purification+and+characterization+of+an+enzyme+from+Mycobacterium+sp.+Pyr-1%2C+with+nitroreductase+activity+and+an+N-terminal+sequence+similar+to+lipoamide+dehydrogenase&rft.au=Rafii%2C+F%3BHehman%2C+G%3BLunsford%2C+P&rft.aulast=Rafii&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=176&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Microbiology&rft.issn=03028933&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002030100337 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium; Inhibitors; Gel electrophoresis; Reduction DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030100337 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Classification of chronic radiation sickness cases using neural networks and classification trees AN - 18208344; 5285407 AB - Chronic radiation sickness is a deterministic radiation health effect observed among the Mayak Production Association workers in Russia. In this study, unsupervised neural networks were used to cluster hematological measurements in a subset (n = 88) of the Mayak Production Association population while excluding from the analysis the radiation dose and the historical clinical diagnosis. Clusters of observations that had lower average leukocyte and thrombocyte counts were labeled "affected" and those having higher average blood cell counts were labeled "unaffected." The class (cluster) membership for each individual was used subsequently as a dependent variable in a classification tree model in order to identify significant features of the underlying classification model. After re-classification of cases using this method, the results showed a better data separation between the blood cell counts for affected vs. unaffected groups compared to those based on historical classification, and a greater difference between group means for differential blood counts was observed than for the historical diagnosis. The re-classification of diagnostic groups changed the group mean radiation doses. The geometric means (and 95% CL) of cumulative radiation dose equivalent from external exposures, based on the historical diagnosis, are 0.31 (0.0035, 3.4) vs. 1.7 (0.0007, 18) Sv. After clustering and classification tree analyses, the group geometric means were 0.78 (0.0014, 8.6) vs. 1.5 (0.0007, 17) and 0.82 (0.0013, 9.0) vs. 1.4 (0.0008, 16) Sv, using (respectively) whole blood cell counts or differential counts as the independent variables. The approach presented here is useful as a diagnostic aid for both retrospective analyses and in the event of future radiation accidents. JF - Health Physics AU - Claycamp, H G AU - Sussman, N B AU - Okladnikova, N D AU - Azizova, T V AU - Pesternikova, V S AU - Sumina, M V AU - Teplyakov, I I AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, 7500 Standish Place, HFV-100, Rockville, MD 20855, USA, HClaycam@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 522 EP - 529 VL - 81 IS - 5 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - man KW - chronic radiation sickness KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Radiation KW - Neural networks KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18208344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+Physics&rft.atitle=Classification+of+chronic+radiation+sickness+cases+using+neural+networks+and+classification+trees&rft.au=Claycamp%2C+H+G%3BSussman%2C+N+B%3BOkladnikova%2C+N+D%3BAzizova%2C+T+V%3BPesternikova%2C+V+S%3BSumina%2C+M+V%3BTeplyakov%2C+I+I&rft.aulast=Claycamp&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=522&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+Physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neural networks; Radiation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ornithine decarboxylase and thymidine kinase activities and polyamine levels from selected organs of adult miniature swine receiving three concentrations of dietary menhaden oil AN - 18203653; 5275064 AB - Mature, female swine were randomly assigned to one of seven dietary groups. Swine in groups 1-3 were fed a cholesterol-rich diet for 55 days while the remaining groups remained on a basal swine diet. At the end of the cholesterol(Chol)-preloading period the swine in groups 1-7 were placed on menhaden oil (MO) and/or corn oil (CO) as follows: groups 1 and 4, 15% CO (control); groups 2 and 5, 0.75% MO+ 14.25% CO; groups 3 and 7, 15% MO; and group 6, 7.5% MO + 7.5% CO. Animals were killed at the end of the approximately 6-month feeding period and portions of liver, pancreas and colon mucosa were analyzed for both ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and thymidine kinase (TK) activity while polyamine levels were measured in the liver and pancreas. Statistical analyses were carried out by one-way and two-way ANOVA and by trend analysis. In the pancreas, the highest MO group (group 7) had significantly higher ODC levels when compared with the CO control (group 4) and the next to highest MO group (group 6) (one-way ANOVA)-all non-cholesterol preloaded groups. Using a two-way ANOVA (Chol-by-MO), liver ODC was significantly lower in the CO control when compared with the lowest and highest MO groups (groups 5 and 7, respectively), again in the non-cholesterol-preloaded animals. In the colon, the swine in the Chol-low MO group (group 2) had significantly lower TK activity than the Chol/CO control group (group 1) and Chol/Hi MO group (group 3) (one-way ANOVA) and also had significantly lower activity than all groups except the CO control (group 4) (two-way ANOVA). Liver acetylputrescine in the lowest and highest MO groups (groups 5 and 7, respectively) was significantly higher than in the CO group (group 4). JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Gaines, D W AU - McClure, D AU - Braunberg, R C AU - Luu, A AU - Jackson, N AU - Barton, C AU - Friedman, L AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708-2476, USA, d2g@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 1109 EP - 1117 VL - 39 IS - 11 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Atlantic menhaden KW - Ornithine decarboxylase KW - Thymidine kinase KW - menhaden oil KW - pigs KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Marine KW - Brevoortia tyrannus KW - Cholesterol KW - Fish oils KW - Liver KW - Feeding experiments KW - Enzymatic activity KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - Q1 08624:Secondary products UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18203653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Ornithine+decarboxylase+and+thymidine+kinase+activities+and+polyamine+levels+from+selected+organs+of+adult+miniature+swine+receiving+three+concentrations+of+dietary+menhaden+oil&rft.au=Gaines%2C+D+W%3BMcClure%2C+D%3BBraunberg%2C+R+C%3BLuu%2C+A%3BJackson%2C+N%3BBarton%2C+C%3BFriedman%2C+L&rft.aulast=Gaines&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Liver; Feeding experiments; Enzymatic activity; Cholesterol; Fish oils; Ornithine decarboxylase; Thymidine kinase; Brevoortia tyrannus; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and Evaluation of Serotype- and Group-Specific Fluorogenic Reverse Transcriptase PCR (TaqMan) Assays for Dengue Virus AN - 18190368; 5216074 AB - Five fluorogenic probe hydrolysis (TaqMan) reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) assays were developed for serotypes 1 to 4 and group-specific detection of dengue virus. Serotype- and group-specific oligonucleotide primers and fluorogenic probes were designed against conserved regions of the dengue virus genome. The RT-PCR assay is a rapid single-tube method consisting of a 30-min RT step linked to a 45-cycle PCR at 95 and 60 degree C that generates a fluorogenic signal in positive samples. Assays were initially evaluated against cell culture-derived dengue stock viruses and then with 67 dengue viremic human sera received from Peru, Indonesia, and Taiwan. The TaqMan assays were compared to virus isolation using C6/36 cells followed by an immunofluorescence assay using serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies. Viral titers in sera were determined by plaque assay in Vero cells. The serotype-specific TaqMan RT-PCR assay detected 62 of 67 confirmed dengue virus-positive samples, for a sensitivity of 92.5%, while the group-specific assay detected 66 of 67 confirmed dengue virus-positive samples, for a sensitivity of 98.5%. The TaqMan RT-PCR assays have a specificity of 100% based on the serotype concordance of all assays compared to cell culture isolation and negative results obtained when 21 normal human sera and plasma samples were tested. Our results demonstrate that the dengue virus TaqMan RT-PCR assays may be utilized as rapid, sensitive, and specific screening and serotyping tools for epidemiological studies of dengue virus infections. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Callahan, J D AU - Wu, S L AU - Dion-Schultz, A AU - Mangold, B E AU - Peruski, L F AU - Watts, D M AU - Porter, K R AU - Murphy, G R AU - Suharyono, W AU - King, C AU - Hayes, C G AU - Temenak, J J AD - Division of Vaccines and Related Products Applications, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 1401 Rockville Pike, HFM 481, Rockville, MD 20852-1448., temenak@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 4119 EP - 4124 VL - 39 IS - 11 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - TaqMan assay KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Dengue virus KW - Serotypes KW - Bioassays KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Reverse transcription KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - V 22022:Virus assay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18190368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Development+and+Evaluation+of+Serotype-+and+Group-Specific+Fluorogenic+Reverse+Transcriptase+PCR+%28TaqMan%29+Assays+for+Dengue+Virus&rft.au=Callahan%2C+J+D%3BWu%2C+S+L%3BDion-Schultz%2C+A%3BMangold%2C+B+E%3BPeruski%2C+L+F%3BWatts%2C+D+M%3BPorter%2C+K+R%3BMurphy%2C+G+R%3BSuharyono%2C+W%3BKing%2C+C%3BHayes%2C+C+G%3BTemenak%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Callahan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=4119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.39.11.4119-4124.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dengue virus; Bioassays; Reverse transcription; Polymerase chain reaction; Serotypes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.39.11.4119-4124.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - International chemical safety cards and global harmonization AN - 18125525; 5205891 AB - The International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) project began in 1986 and is an undertaking of the International Programme on Chemical Safety (UNEP, ILO and WHO). It is being developed in co-operation with the Commission of the European Communities. ICSCs are comprehensive, concise, and simple summaries of essential health and safety information on specific chemicals for use as basic information and training tools at the "shop floor" level by workers and employers. Although of international origin, they are not legally binding. The cards consist of a series of standard phrases on information collected, verified, and peer reviewed by internationally recognized experts, and taking into account advice from manufacturers and Poison Control Centers. Since the cards might be the principal information source in less developed areas or in small and medium size enterprises, their usefulness is increased by their availability in multiple languages. The cards make reference to existing classifications numbers and there is great similarity when compared with categories used in MSDSs; however, the information on the cards is abbreviated, standardized, and targeted for less technical readers. The cards are therefore considered complementary to the more detailed MSDSs. Approximately 60% of the goal of 2000 cards are now completed, including the periodic updates of existing cards. The ICSC serves as a model for disseminating chemical safety information to workers and is available in multiple languages on the Internet. The cards are part of the effort to achieve a globally harmonized system for the classification and labeling of chemicals. JF - Safety Science AU - Niemeier, R W AU - Obadia, I AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH, USA, rwnl@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 107 EP - 115 VL - 39 IS - 1-2 SN - 0925-7535, 0925-7535 KW - International Chemical Safety Cards KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Government programs KW - Training KW - Hazardous materials KW - Emergency preparedness KW - International standardization KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18125525?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Safety+Science&rft.atitle=International+chemical+safety+cards+and+global+harmonization&rft.au=Niemeier%2C+R+W%3BObadia%2C+I&rft.aulast=Niemeier&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Safety+Science&rft.issn=09257535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hazardous materials; Chemicals; Emergency preparedness; Training; International standardization; Government programs ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - FDA seafood and juice HACCP: Microbial testing and other tools to measure success AN - 39503371; 3626602 AU - Buchanan, R L Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39503371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=FDA+seafood+and+juice+HACCP%3A+Microbial+testing+and+other+tools+to+measure+success&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - FDA retail food program database of foodborne illness risk factors (August 2000) - Suggested interventions for dealing with the three risk factors in need of great attention AN - 39503280; 3626594 AU - Barnes, R Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39503280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=FDA+retail+food+program+database+of+foodborne+illness+risk+factors+%28August+2000%29+-+Suggested+interventions+for+dealing+with+the+three+risk+factors+in+need+of+great+attention&rft.au=Barnes%2C+R&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Mold and yeast flora in fresh fruits AN - 39436547; 3626621 AU - Tournas, V Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39436547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Mold+and+yeast+flora+in+fresh+fruits&rft.au=Tournas%2C+V&rft.aulast=Tournas&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org. Poster Paper No. P13 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Safety, nutritional adequacy and the status of irradiated foods: International perspective AN - 39423845; 3626583 AU - Kaferstein, F Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39423845?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Safety%2C+nutritional+adequacy+and+the+status+of+irradiated+foods%3A+International+perspective&rft.au=Kaferstein%2C+F&rft.aulast=Kaferstein&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Meeting regulatory requirements for electronic record keeping and electronic signatures (21 CFR 11) AN - 39419255; 3626553 AU - Larkin, J Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39419255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Meeting+regulatory+requirements+for+electronic+record+keeping+and+electronic+signatures+%2821+CFR+11%29&rft.au=Larkin%2C+J&rft.aulast=Larkin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Assessing risks and establishing food safety objectives AN - 39419165; 3626531 AU - Buchanan, R L Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39419165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Assessing+risks+and+establishing+food+safety+objectives&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Enhancement of the microbiological quality of selected ready-to-eat vegetables disinfected by chloramine, chlorine, ethanol, and ozone AN - 39414266; 3626645 AU - Tran, T T AU - Uwaleke, JI AU - Thunberg, R L AU - Warner, C R AU - Chirtel, S J Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39414266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Enhancement+of+the+microbiological+quality+of+selected+ready-to-eat+vegetables+disinfected+by+chloramine%2C+chlorine%2C+ethanol%2C+and+ozone&rft.au=Tran%2C+T+T%3BUwaleke%2C+JI%3BThunberg%2C+R+L%3BWarner%2C+C+R%3BChirtel%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Tran&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org. Poster Paper No. P37 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - What role should food safety objectives play in the regulatory process? AN - 39407359; 3626547 AU - Buchanan, R L Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39407359?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=What+role+should+food+safety+objectives+play+in+the+regulatory+process%3F&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Thermal inactivation studies of Listeria monocytogenes strains belonging to three distinct genotypic lineages AN - 39402388; 3626713 AU - De Jesus, AJ AU - Whiting, R C Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39402388?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Thermal+inactivation+studies+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+strains+belonging+to+three+distinct+genotypic+lineages&rft.au=De+Jesus%2C+AJ%3BWhiting%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=De+Jesus&rft.aufirst=AJ&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org. Poster Paper No. P105 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Methodology for addressing the problem of pathogens in Ships' ballast water AN - 39401437; 3628667 AU - Casale, G Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39401437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Methodology+for+addressing+the+problem+of+pathogens+in+Ships%27+ballast+water&rft.au=Casale%2C+G&rft.aulast=Casale&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 11th International Conference on Aquatic Invasive Species, 1027 Pembroke Street East, Suite 200, Pembroke, ON K8A 3M4, Canada; phone: 613-732-7068; fax: 613-732-3386; URL: www.aquatic-invasive-species-conference.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Regulatory perspective of ESL processing and products AN - 39401355; 3626579 AU - Sims, ST Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39401355?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Regulatory+perspective+of+ESL+processing+and+products&rft.au=Sims%2C+ST&rft.aulast=Sims&rft.aufirst=ST&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Real time detection of pathogenic Vibriom parahaemolyticus in Oysters AN - 39401309; 3626482 AU - Depaola, A AU - Blackstone, G AU - Jones, J AU - Bowen, M AU - Meyer, R Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39401309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Real+time+detection+of+pathogenic+Vibriom+parahaemolyticus+in+Oysters&rft.au=Depaola%2C+A%3BBlackstone%2C+G%3BJones%2C+J%3BBowen%2C+M%3BMeyer%2C+R&rft.aulast=Depaola&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org. Paper No. T12 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Hazard and risk characterization of Listeria monocytogenes AN - 39401258; 3626563 AU - Buchanan, R L Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39401258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hazard+and+risk+characterization+of+Listeria+monocytogenes&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Ultrasound-induced experimental fetal bioeffects AN - 39395705; 3639032 AU - Stratmeyer, ME Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39395705?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Ultrasound-induced+experimental+fetal+bioeffects&rft.au=Stratmeyer%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Stratmeyer&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Acoustical Society of The Netherlands, P.O. Box 1067, NL-2600 BB Delft, The Netherlands; phone: 31-15-2692428; fax: 31-15-2625403; URL: www.internoise2001.tudelft.nl. Paper No. 6A.12.02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effectiveness of water rinse as a means for pathogen recovery in lettuce AN - 39394730; 3626636 AU - Fu, T-J AU - Vanpelt, O Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39394730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+water+rinse+as+a+means+for+pathogen+recovery+in+lettuce&rft.au=Fu%2C+T-J%3BVanpelt%2C+O&rft.aulast=Fu&rft.aufirst=T-J&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org. Poster Paper No. P28 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Thermal resistance of Listeria monocytogenes as affected by the pH and water activity of the heating menstruum AN - 39372033; 3626520 AU - Edelson-Mammel, S G AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Whiting, R C Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39372033?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Thermal+resistance+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+as+affected+by+the+pH+and+water+activity+of+the+heating+menstruum&rft.au=Edelson-Mammel%2C+S+G%3BBuchanan%2C+R+L%3BWhiting%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Edelson-Mammel&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org. Paper No. T51 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - FDA and indicator organisms: Which, where, and why? AN - 39337234; 3626572 AU - Brackett, R E Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39337234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=FDA+and+indicator+organisms%3A+Which%2C+where%2C+and+why%3F&rft.au=Brackett%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Brackett&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute inflammation and recovery in rats after intratracheal instillation of a 1-->3-beta-glucan (zymosan A). AN - 72245801; 11693490 AB - Although endotoxin is a known potent stimulant of inflammatory responses, the magnitude of pulmonary response following exposure to various organic dusts does not always correlate with endotoxin content of the dusts alone. Other components, such as 1-->3-beta-glucans, derived from the inner cell wall of yeasts and fungi, have been implicated in organic dust toxic syndrome. However, animal studies report conflicting results concerning the inflammatory potency of 1-->3-beta-glucan. In this experiment, the pulmonary reaction of rats to 1-->3-beta-glucan (zymosan A) exposure was assessed. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed via intratracheal instillation (IT) to zymosan A (dose range 0-5 mg/kg body weight). Rats were sacrificed 1-7 d postexposure and the following pulmonary responses were monitored: (1) breathing frequency, (2) differential cell counts of hronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells, (3) chemiluminescence (CL) as a measure of alveolar macrophage activation, (4) nitric oxide production by alveolar macrophages, (5) albumin levels, and (6) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the first acellular lavage fluid. Upon challenge with zymosan A, rats exhibited a dose-dependent pulmonary response at 1 d post IT that was significantly higher than the control level at a dose of 1-2.5 mg/kg body weight for each of these pulmonary parameters. Post-IT enhancement of breathing frequencies and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) obtained by BAL both correlated very well with zymosan A concentration (r = .95 and .99, respectively). Elevation of albumin levels and LDH activity of the acellular BAL fluid also correlated (r = .80) with the dose of zymosan. The recovery from a single intratracheal administration of zymosan A (2.5 mg/kg body weight) was monitored over 7 d. PMN and CL showed significant recovery from d 1 level by 3 d postexposure. Breathing frequencies and nitric oxide production showed significant recovery from d 1 level by 4 d postexposure. A good correlation (r2= .8) between recovery of PMN in BAL, CL, or nitric oxide production and the days postexposure was observed. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Young, S H AU - Robinson, V A AU - Barger, M AU - Porter, D W AU - Frazer, D G AU - Castranova, V AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. syoung@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/10/26/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 26 SP - 311 EP - 325 VL - 64 IS - 4 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Serum Albumin KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Zymosan KW - 9010-72-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Nitric Oxide -- analysis KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Serum Albumin -- analysis KW - Luminescent Measurements KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Trachea -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Zymosan -- pharmacology KW - Respiration -- drug effects KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Zymosan -- adverse effects KW - Inflammation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72245801?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Acute+inflammation+and+recovery+in+rats+after+intratracheal+instillation+of+a+1--%26gt%3B3-beta-glucan+%28zymosan+A%29.&rft.au=Young%2C+S+H%3BRobinson%2C+V+A%3BBarger%2C+M%3BPorter%2C+D+W%3BFrazer%2C+D+G%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-10-26&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anomalous mutagenicity profile of cyclohexanone oxime in bacteria: cell survival in background lawns AN - 17914780; 5174604 AB - The basis for the observed mutagenicity of cyclohexanone oxime in the presence of hamster liver S9 in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1535, but not in TA100, was explored. While the chemical had no effect on the appearance of the background lawn in either strain, it did cause a reduction in mutant colony counts in strain TA100, raising the possibility of selective toxicity to this strain. Viability of the two strains was determined directly by titering the cells in background lawns over a 3 day period. In order to do this, cells embedded in top agar overlays were released by extruding agar plugs through small holes in the bottoms of centrifuge tubes, followed by vigorous vortexing. Viable cell counts in background lawns of strain TA100, but not strain TA1535, were greatly reduced in the presence of cyclohexanone oxime. Most of the loss of viable TA100 cells occurred on days 2 and 3 following plating, after the cells had exhausted the histidine in the medium and stopped growing. Therefore, the observed loss of background lawn viable cells is unlikely to be the cause of the non-mutagenicity of cyclohexanone in strain TA100. Analysis of reversion spectra showed that cyclohexanone oxime-induced C arrow right T transitions in the second position of the CCC triplet at the his mutation site in strain TA1535, but had no significant effect on any transition or transversion in strain TA100. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Prival, MJ AD - Genetic Toxicology Branch (HFS-236), Food and Drug Administration, 200 C Street SW, 20204 Washington, DC USA Y1 - 2001/10/18/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 18 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 497 IS - 1-2 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - cyclohexanone oxime KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Mutagenicity KW - Histidine KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17914780?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Anomalous+mutagenicity+profile+of+cyclohexanone+oxime+in+bacteria%3A+cell+survival+in+background+lawns&rft.au=Prival%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Prival&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2001-10-18&rft.volume=497&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; Histidine; Mutagenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differentiation of the mechanism of micronuclei induced by cysteine and glutathione conjugates of methylenedi-p-phenyl diisocyanate from that of 4,4'-methylenedianiline AN - 17912834; 5174607 AB - Methylenedi-p-phenyl diisocyanate (MDI) is widely used in the production of polyurethane products. Diisocyanates are reactive compounds, MDI can react under physiological conditions with various functional groups found on biological molecules resulting in conjugate formation or undergo non-enzymatic hydrolysis to form 4,4'-methylenedianiline (MDA). We have previously reported that addition of MDI directly to Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79) cultures did not induce micronuclei (MN), but MDA, and the glutathione and cysteine conjugates of MDI (BisGS-MDI and BisCYS-MDI), induced a concentration-dependent increase in the frequency of MN. The conventional MN assay does not discriminate between MN produced by acentric chromosome fragments from those arising due to whole lagging chromosomes that were not incorporated into daughter nuclei at the time of cell division. The mechanism of MN induction from these potential MDI metabolites/reaction products was explored in the present study using immunofluorescent staining of kinetochore in MN of cytokinesis-blocked V79 cells. This assay discerns the presence of centromere within the MN to distinguish the MN containing centric chromosomes from those containing acentric fragments. Eighty five percent of MDA-induced MN were negative with respect to anti-kinetochore antibody binding (KC super(-)). This is consistent with an interaction between MDA and DNA resulting in chromosome breakage. However, BisGS-MDI and BisCYS-MDI induced a higher percentage of MN that were positively stained by the anti-kinetochore antibody (KC super(+)). These results suggest that the mechanism of MN formation induced by BisGS-MDI and BisCYS-MDI is mediated through disruption and/or by affecting the function of the mitotic spindle. This mechanism is distinctly different from the mechanism of MN induction by MDA. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Zhong, B Z AU - Depree, G J AU - Siegel, P D AD - Analytical Services Branch, M/S L4218, Health Effect Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, 26505-2888 Morgantown, WV USA Y1 - 2001/10/18/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 18 SP - 29 EP - 37 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 497 IS - 1-2 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - 4,4'-Methylenedianiline KW - 4,4'-methylenedianiline KW - diaminodiphenylmethane KW - methylenediphenyl diisocyanate KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Cysteine KW - Glutathione KW - Micronuclei KW - Chromosome aberrations KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - G 07450:General-abortion surveys, etc. UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17912834?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Differentiation+of+the+mechanism+of+micronuclei+induced+by+cysteine+and+glutathione+conjugates+of+methylenedi-p-phenyl+diisocyanate+from+that+of+4%2C4%27-methylenedianiline&rft.au=Zhong%2C+B+Z%3BDepree%2C+G+J%3BSiegel%2C+P+D&rft.aulast=Zhong&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-10-18&rft.volume=497&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Micronuclei; Glutathione; Chromosome aberrations; Cysteine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Activity profile of glutathione-dependent enzymes and respiratory chain complexes in rats supplemented with antioxidants and treated with carcinogens. AN - 72189327; 11594740 AB - Appropriate dietary interventions may reduce the potentially damaging effects of free radicals generated during metabolism and various physiological conditions. We have investigated the effects of dietary vitamins C, E, beta-carotene, or selenium (Se) on the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and respiratory chain complexes in rats exposed to 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), a mammary carcinogen and bleomycin (BLM), an antineoplastic drug. These agents are known to generate DNA-reactive species during their metabolism, which may enhance oxidative stress in cells. Female Fischer 344 rats aged 4 months were given antioxidant supplements singly or as a mixture 2 weeks prior to mutagen treatments; antioxidant supplementation continued for an additional 4 weeks. In rats treated with mutagens, the antioxidant intake lowered the activity of Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) in liver cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions, compared to activity in rats treated with mutagens alone. However, the vitamins, but not Se supplement, persistently increased Se-GPx activity in untreated control animals. Treatment of animals with mutagen raised K(m) value of Se-GPx and this correlated with an increase in V(max). However, Se intake, either singly or mixture, significantly reduced K(m) value in mutagen-treated and untreated rats in both fractions. Se intake increased glutathione S-transferases (GST) activity (P < 0.05) in both liver fractions of mutagen-treated and untreated animals. Similar response was seen in Se-independent GPx. Since GST-alpha possesses Se-independent GPx activity, the enhanced effect observed in GST activity may be due, in part, to increased activity in Se-independent GPx. Also, selenium or the antioxidant vitamin supplementation increased the activity of all four respiratory chain complexes in untreated rats. Although BLM treatment significantly increased the activity of electron transport complexes III and IV, selenium or the vitamin supplements modulated the responses. These results indicate that the intake of dietary vitamins or Se enhances antioxidant capacity in chemically exposed animals compared to animals receiving antioxidants alone. Furthermore, in addition to being an enhancer of the catalytic function of glutathione peroxidase, selenium may directly play a role as an antioxidant. Copyright 2001 Academic Press. JF - Archives of biochemistry and biophysics AU - Desai, V G AU - Casciano, D AU - Feuers, R J AU - Aidoo, A AD - Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. vdesai@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/10/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 15 SP - 255 EP - 264 VL - 394 IS - 2 SN - 0003-9861, 0003-9861 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Multienzyme Complexes KW - beta Carotene KW - 01YAE03M7J KW - Bleomycin KW - 11056-06-7 KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.- KW - Electron Transport Complex III KW - EC 1.10.2.2 KW - Glutathione Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.9 KW - Electron Transport Complex II KW - EC 1.3.5.1 KW - Succinate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.3.99.1 KW - NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.6.- KW - Electron Transport Complex I KW - EC 1.6.5.3 KW - Electron Transport Complex IV KW - EC 1.9.3.1 KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - beta Carotene -- administration & dosage KW - Multienzyme Complexes -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Mitochondria, Liver -- enzymology KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Ascorbic Acid -- administration & dosage KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Bleomycin -- toxicity KW - Electron Transport Complex III -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Glutathione Peroxidase -- metabolism KW - Oxidoreductases -- metabolism KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene -- toxicity KW - NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases -- metabolism KW - Enzyme Activation -- drug effects KW - Dietary Supplements KW - Selenium -- administration & dosage KW - Succinate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Electron Transport Complex IV -- metabolism KW - Vitamin E -- administration & dosage KW - Female KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Electron Transport -- drug effects KW - Antioxidants -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72189327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+biochemistry+and+biophysics&rft.atitle=Activity+profile+of+glutathione-dependent+enzymes+and+respiratory+chain+complexes+in+rats+supplemented+with+antioxidants+and+treated+with+carcinogens.&rft.au=Desai%2C+V+G%3BCasciano%2C+D%3BFeuers%2C+R+J%3BAidoo%2C+A&rft.aulast=Desai&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2001-10-15&rft.volume=394&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+biochemistry+and+biophysics&rft.issn=00039861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative mutant analysis of viral quasispecies by chip-based matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry AN - 18108656; 5185552 AB - RNA viruses exist as quasispecies, heterogeneous and dynamic mixtures of mutants having one or more consensus sequences. An adequate description of the genomic structure of such viral populations must include the consensus sequence(s) plus a quantitative assessment of sequence heterogeneities. For example, in quality control of live attenuated viral vaccines, the presence of even small quantities of mutants or revertants may indicate incomplete or unstable attenuation that may influence vaccine safety. Previously, we demonstrated the monitoring of oral poliovirus vaccine with the use of mutant analysis by PCR and restriction enzyme cleavage (MAPREC). In this report, we investigate genetic variation in live attenuated mumps virus vaccine by using both MAPREC and a platform (DNA MassArray) based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Mumps vaccines prepared from the Jeryl Lynn strain typically contain at least two distinct viral substrains, JL1 and JL2, which have been characterized by full length sequencing. We report the development of assays for characterizing sequence variants in these substrains and demonstrate their use in quantitative analysis of substrains and sequence variations in mixed virus cultures and mumps vaccines. The results obtained from both the MAPREC and MALDI-TOF methods showed excellent correlation. This suggests the potential utility of MALDI-TOF for routine quality control of live viral vaccines and for assessment of genetic stability and quantitative monitoring of genetic changes in other RNA viruses of clinical interest. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA AU - Amexis, G AU - Oeth, P AU - Abel, K AU - Ivshina, A AU - Pelloquin, F AU - Cantor, C R AU - Brau, A AU - Chumakov, K AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 1401 Rockville Pike, HFM 470, Rockville, MD 20852, USA, chumakov@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/10/09/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 09 SP - 12097 EP - 12102 VL - 98 IS - 21 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - mehodology KW - nucleotide sequence KW - mutant analysis by PCR and restriction enzyme cleavage KW - squasispecies KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Genomes KW - Genetic diversity KW - RNA viruses KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Mutants KW - Population genetics KW - Attenuation KW - Mumps virus KW - Quality control KW - Lasers KW - Vaccines KW - Revertants KW - Mumps KW - N 14510:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - V 22097:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Human KW - A 01073:Quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18108656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.atitle=Quantitative+mutant+analysis+of+viral+quasispecies+by+chip-based+matrix-assisted+laser+desorption%2F+ionization+time-of-flight+mass+spectrometry&rft.au=Amexis%2C+G%3BOeth%2C+P%3BAbel%2C+K%3BIvshina%2C+A%3BPelloquin%2C+F%3BCantor%2C+C+R%3BBrau%2C+A%3BChumakov%2C+K&rft.aulast=Amexis&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-10-09&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=12097&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.211423298 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mumps virus; RNA viruses; Vaccines; Attenuation; Quality control; Population genetics; Genomes; Mass spectroscopy; Lasers; Mutants; Revertants; Genetic diversity; Mumps DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.211423298 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Activation of microglia and astrocytes by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. AN - 71192531; 11568631 AB - Bacterial DNA and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG motifs stimulate cells of the immune system to secrete a variety of cytokines and chemokines. This function can be carried out by microglia and astrocytes in the CNS. To evaluate the effect of CpG ODN on microglia and astrocytes, purified cells were isolated and cultured in vitro. CpG ODN rapidly up-regulated their production of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-12, TNFalpha, MIP-1alpha and/or MIP-1beta. In vivo, systemically administered CpG ODN up-regulated the expression of mRNA encoding cytokines and chemokines in normal mouse brain. These findings suggest that CpG ODN can directly activate immune cells of the CNS. JF - Neuroreport AU - Takeshita, S AU - Takeshita, F AU - Haddad, D E AU - Janabi, N AU - Klinman, D M AD - Section of Retroviral Immunology, Bldg 29A, Rm 3 D 10, Center for Biologics and Evaluation Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 2001/10/08/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 08 SP - 3029 EP - 3032 VL - 12 IS - 14 SN - 0959-4965, 0959-4965 KW - CPG-oligonucleotide KW - 0 KW - Chemokine CCL3 KW - Chemokine CCL4 KW - Chemokines KW - Cytokines KW - Interleukins KW - Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins KW - Oligodeoxyribonucleotides KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Central Nervous System -- metabolism KW - Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins -- genetics KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- immunology KW - RNA, Messenger -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- genetics KW - Interleukins -- genetics KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Encephalitis -- immunology KW - Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins -- immunology KW - Central Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Encephalitis -- chemically induced KW - Interleukins -- immunology KW - Encephalitis -- metabolism KW - Central Nervous System -- immunology KW - Gliosis -- metabolism KW - Astrocytes -- cytology KW - Cytokines -- genetics KW - Chemokines -- genetics KW - Astrocytes -- drug effects KW - Cytokines -- immunology KW - Oligodeoxyribonucleotides -- pharmacology KW - Chemokines -- immunology KW - Astrocytes -- immunology KW - Gliosis -- immunology KW - Microglia -- immunology KW - Microglia -- cytology KW - Oligodeoxyribonucleotides -- immunology KW - Up-Regulation -- immunology KW - Oligodeoxyribonucleotides -- metabolism KW - Gliosis -- chemically induced KW - Microglia -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71192531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuroreport&rft.atitle=Activation+of+microglia+and+astrocytes+by+CpG+oligodeoxynucleotides.&rft.au=Takeshita%2C+S%3BTakeshita%2C+F%3BHaddad%2C+D+E%3BJanabi%2C+N%3BKlinman%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Takeshita&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-10-08&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=3029&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuroreport&rft.issn=09594965&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Astrogliosis in the adult and developing CNS: is there a role for proinflammatory cytokines? AN - 72382329; 11770882 AB - Astrogliosis, characterized by the enhanced expression of GFAP, represents a remarkably homotypic response of astrocytes to all types of injuries of the CNS, including injuries of the developing CNS. As such, astrocytes serve as microsensors of the injured microenvironment regardless of their location in the CNS. The diversity of insults that engender astrogliosis and the brain-wide nature of the astrocytic response suggest that common injury factors serve as the trigger of this cellular reaction. One prominent theme that has emerged in recent years is that proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines serve as a stimulus for induction of astrogliosis. Here we present a brief critique of this hypothesis based on a review of literature and some of our own recentfindings. Studies of astrocytes, in vitro, clearly indicate that these cell types are responsive to a variety of growth factors, including cytokines and chemokines. A somewhat different picture, however, can be seen from data obtained in vivo. It is true that trauma and diseases of the nervous system, as well as some exposures to neurotoxic chemicals, can be associated with the expression in brain of large varieties of cytokines and chemokines. That these same conditions result in astrogliosis has fostered the circumstantial link between cytokine/chemokine expression and the induction of astrogliosis. Several lines of evidence argue against this view, including (a) suppression of cytokine expression does not suppress gliosis, (b) gliosis can occur in the absence of enhanced expression of cytokines, (c) elevations in brain cytokines can occur in the absence of gliosis and (d) the patterns of cytokine expression in the adult and developing CNS are more consistent with a trophic role for these chemical messengers rather than a role in the induction of inflammation. Enhanced expression of cytokines and chemokines after brain injury appear to be signal transduction events unrelated to the induction of astrogliosis. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Little, A R AU - O'Callagha, J P AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 607 EP - 618 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Cytokines KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Inflammation -- etiology KW - Inflammation -- pathology KW - Gliosis -- prevention & control KW - Gliosis -- pathology KW - Gliosis -- metabolism KW - Central Nervous System -- metabolism KW - Central Nervous System -- growth & development KW - Cytokines -- biosynthesis KW - Gliosis -- etiology KW - Cytokines -- physiology KW - Central Nervous System -- pathology KW - Cytokines -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Astrocytes -- pathology KW - Astrocytes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72382329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Astrogliosis+in+the+adult+and+developing+CNS%3A+is+there+a+role+for+proinflammatory+cytokines%3F&rft.au=Little%2C+A+R%3BO%27Callagha%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Little&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=607&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-22 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of serum levels of cardiac troponin T to compare the protective activity of dexrazoxane against doxorubicin- and mitoxantrone-induced cardiotoxicity. AN - 72281960; 11710630 AB - To compare the protective effect of dexrazoxane (DRZ) against cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin (DXR) and mitoxantrone (MTX). Adult male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were treated with 1 mg/kg DXR (i.v.) or 0.5 mg/kg MTX (i.v.), either alone or 30 min after 25 mg/kg DRZ (i.p.) weekly for up to 12 weeks. Animals treated with DXR alone either died (n = 2) or were killed (n = 3) at a cumulative dose of 10 mg/kg. The severity of cardiac lesions (cytoplasmic vacuolization and myofibrillar loss) were graded semiquantitatively by light microscopy on a scale of 0 to 3. Cardiac lesions were observed in all SHR given DXR or MTX alone, and were attenuated in those given DRZ prior to either DXR (mean lesion scores 2.7 vs 1.5; P < 0.05) or MTX (mean lesion scores 2.0 vs 1.25; P < 0.05). Cardioprotection was also demonstrated by monitoring serum levels of cardiac troponin T (cTnT), which were elevated in all animals receiving DXR or MTX alone. These elevations were attenuated in SHR given the combination of DXR and DRZ (mean values 0.79 ng/ml vs 0.24 ng/ml; P < 0.05) and MTX and DRZ (mean values 0.19 ng/ml vs 0.04 ng/ ml; P < 0.05). Biochemical studies have shown that both DXR and MTX form potentially cardiotoxic complexes with iron. ADR-925 (the hydrolysis product of DRZ) and other chelators (EDTA, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and desferrioxamine) removed Fe(III) from its complex with MTX or DXR. The present study showed that DRZ significantly attenuates the cardiotoxicity induced by DXR and MTX, and that this protective activity can be assessed by morphological evaluation of cardiac tissues and by monitoring the concentrations of cTnT in serum. JF - Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology AU - Herman, E H AU - Zhang, J AU - Rifai, N AU - Lipshultz, S E AU - Hasinoff, B B AU - Chadwick, D P AU - Knapton, A AU - Chai, J AU - Ferrans, V J AD - Division of Applied Pharmacology Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. hermaneu@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 297 EP - 304 VL - 48 IS - 4 SN - 0344-5704, 0344-5704 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Biomarkers KW - Cardiovascular Agents KW - Troponin T KW - Razoxane KW - 5AR83PR647 KW - Doxorubicin KW - 80168379AG KW - Mitoxantrone KW - BZ114NVM5P KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred SHR KW - Infusions, Intravenous KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Heart -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Razoxane -- pharmacology KW - Doxorubicin -- adverse effects KW - Troponin T -- blood KW - Myocardium -- pathology KW - Mitoxantrone -- adverse effects KW - Cardiovascular Agents -- pharmacology KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72281960?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+pharmacology&rft.atitle=The+use+of+serum+levels+of+cardiac+troponin+T+to+compare+the+protective+activity+of+dexrazoxane+against+doxorubicin-+and+mitoxantrone-induced+cardiotoxicity.&rft.au=Herman%2C+E+H%3BZhang%2C+J%3BRifai%2C+N%3BLipshultz%2C+S+E%3BHasinoff%2C+B+B%3BChadwick%2C+D+P%3BKnapton%2C+A%3BChai%2C+J%3BFerrans%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+pharmacology&rft.issn=03445704&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - US Food and Drug Administration's monitoring and surveillance programs for mycotoxins, pesticides and contaminants in food. AN - 72253324; 11695128 JF - Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM AU - Wood, G AU - Lee, Y AU - Egan, K AU - Bolger, M AD - Division of Risk Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, 200 C.S.W., Washington, D.C. 20204, USA. Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 79N EP - 83N VL - 3 IS - 5 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Meat KW - Vegetables KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Food Chain KW - Humans KW - Data Collection KW - Fruit KW - Diet KW - Food Contamination KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Public Policy KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72253324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+monitoring+%3A+JEM&rft.atitle=US+Food+and+Drug+Administration%27s+monitoring+and+surveillance+programs+for+mycotoxins%2C+pesticides+and+contaminants+in+food.&rft.au=Wood%2C+G%3BLee%2C+Y%3BEgan%2C+K%3BBolger%2C+M&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=79N&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+monitoring+%3A+JEM&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-20 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of potential bloodborne pathogen exposures among body piercers. AN - 72194666; 11599539 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Weber, A M AD - Atlanta Field Office of the Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance Branch, NIOSH, USA. Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 925 EP - 935 VL - 16 IS - 10 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Blood-Borne Pathogens KW - Risk Management KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Florida KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Tattooing KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Universal Precautions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72194666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+potential+bloodborne+pathogen+exposures+among+body+piercers.&rft.au=Weber%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=925&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-10-25 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a portable blood lead analyzer with occupationally exposed populations. AN - 72191992; 11598984 AB - This project evaluated a portable electroanalytical instrument that is used to rapidly analyze blood lead levels in individuals, using a fresh whole blood sample (venous). Samples were obtained from 208 lead-exposed employees who donated two 2 ml venous blood samples into "lead-free" evacuated tubes. One blood sample was analyzed onsite using the portable field instrument while the second sample was analyzed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). According to GFAAS results, employee venous blood lead levels ranged from 1 microg/dl to 42 microg/dl. The mean difference between the results from the field instrument and GFAAS was less than 1 microg/dl. Analysis indicates that the results from the field instrument yielded a slight positive bias overall (P value = 0.0213), with less bias for blood lead levels above 10 microg/dl (P value = 0.0738). Within the blood range evaluated (1-42 microg/dl), the instrument performed adequately according to Clinical Laboratory Improvements Amendments (CLIA) proficiency requirements. The ability of the instrument to perform rapid analysis makes it potentially valuable to occupational health professionals for medical monitoring or on-site investigations. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Taylor, L AU - Jones, R L AU - Kwan, L AU - Deddens, J A AU - Ashley, K AU - Sanderson, W T AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. ltaylor@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 354 EP - 362 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Spectrophotometry, Atomic -- instrumentation KW - Humans KW - Electrochemistry -- standards KW - Adult KW - Electrodes KW - Spectrophotometry, Atomic -- standards KW - United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration KW - Middle Aged KW - Quality Control KW - Electrochemistry -- instrumentation KW - Female KW - Male KW - Occupational Exposure -- standards KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Lead -- blood KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72191992?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+portable+blood+lead+analyzer+with+occupationally+exposed+populations.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+L%3BJones%2C+R+L%3BKwan%2C+L%3BDeddens%2C+J+A%3BAshley%2C+K%3BSanderson%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=354&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Retrospective analysis of mortalities associated with medication errors. AN - 72187458; 11596700 AB - The types, causes, contributing factors, and patient demographics of fatal medication errors were reviewed. Case reports of medication errors from hospitals, ambulatory care settings, and patients' homes that were entered in FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System during 1993-98 were the source of information on fatal medication errors. Each report was classified using predefined criteria and a taxonomy developed by the National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention. The types, causes, contributing factors, and patient demographics were identified, and the causality of each case was assessed to prevent future fatalities. The data indicated 5,366 medication error reports. Fifty-nine reports were excluded and classified as duplicate reports or intentional overdoses. Of the remaining medication error reports, 68.2% resulted in serious patient outcomes and 9.8% were fatal. Of the 469 fatal medication error reports, 48.6% occurred in patients over 60 years. The most common types of errors resulting in patient death involved administering an improper dose (40.9%), administering the wrong drug (16%), and using the wrong route of administration (9.5%). The most common causes of errors were performance and knowledge deficits (44%) and communication errors (15.8%). Fatal medication errors accounted for approximately 10% of medication errors reported to FDA and were most frequently the result of improper dosing of the intended drug and administration of an incorrect drug. A review of case reports of medication errors from 1993 to 1998 yielded information on the most frequent causes of and contributing factors involved in fatal medication errors. JF - American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists AU - Phillips, J AU - Beam, S AU - Brinker, A AU - Holquist, C AU - Honig, P AU - Lee, L Y AU - Pamer, C AD - Office of Post-Marketing Drug Risk Assessment, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. phillipsj@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/10/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 01 SP - 1835 EP - 1841 VL - 58 IS - 19 SN - 1079-2082, 1079-2082 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Medication Errors -- mortality KW - Cause of Death UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72187458?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+health-system+pharmacy+%3A+AJHP+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Health-System+Pharmacists&rft.atitle=Retrospective+analysis+of+mortalities+associated+with+medication+errors.&rft.au=Phillips%2C+J%3BBeam%2C+S%3BBrinker%2C+A%3BHolquist%2C+C%3BHonig%2C+P%3BLee%2C+L+Y%3BPamer%2C+C&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=1835&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+health-system+pharmacy+%3A+AJHP+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Health-System+Pharmacists&rft.issn=10792082&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-05 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Am J Health Syst Pharm 2001 Nov 15;58(22):2130 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treating tobacco use and dependence. Clinical practice guidelines. AN - 71302512; 11928522 JF - The Kansas nurse AU - Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality AD - Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 1 EP - 8 VL - 76 IS - 9 SN - 0022-8710, 0022-8710 KW - Nursing KW - United States KW - Motivation KW - Humans KW - Practice Guidelines as Topic KW - Smoking Cessation -- psychology KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- rehabilitation KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- psychology KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71302512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Kansas+nurse&rft.atitle=Treating+tobacco+use+and+dependence.+Clinical+practice+guidelines.&rft.au=Agency+for+Healthcare+Research+and+Quality&rft.aulast=Agency+for+Healthcare+Research+and+Quality&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Kansas+nurse&rft.issn=00228710&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prediction of organophosphorus acetylcholinesterase inhibition using three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) methods. AN - 71185764; 11568366 AB - Neurotoxic organophosphorous compounds are known to modulate their biological effects through the inhibition of a number of esterases including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme responsible for the degradation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. In this light, molecular modeling studies were performed on a collection of organophosphorous acetylcholinesterase inhibitors by the combined use of conformational analysis and 3D-QSAR methods to rationalize their inhibitory potencies against the enzyme. The Catalyst program was used to identify the structural features in the group of 8 inhibitors whose IC(50) values ranged from 0.34 nM to 1.2 microM. The 3-D pharmacophore models are characterized by at least one hydrogen bond acceptor site and 2-3 hydrophobic sites and demonstrate very good correlation between the predicted and experimental IC(50) values. Our models can be useful in screening databases of organophosphorous compounds for their neurotoxicity potential via the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. Also, the pharmacophores offer an additional means of designing AChE inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for central nervous system diseases. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - El Yazal, J AU - Rao, S N AU - Mehl, A AU - Slikker, W AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 223 EP - 232 VL - 63 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - Index Medicus KW - Computer Simulation KW - Models, Structural KW - Thermodynamics KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Models, Molecular KW - Humans KW - Algorithms KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Drug Design KW - Neuroblastoma KW - Molecular Weight KW - Binding Sites KW - Databases, Factual KW - Crystallography, X-Ray KW - Statistics as Topic KW - Molecular Conformation KW - Hydrogen Bonding KW - Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- chemistry KW - Organophosphorus Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71185764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Prediction+of+organophosphorus+acetylcholinesterase+inhibition+using+three-dimensional+quantitative+structure-activity+relationship+%283D-QSAR%29+methods.&rft.au=El+Yazal%2C+J%3BRao%2C+S+N%3BMehl%2C+A%3BSlikker%2C+W&rft.aulast=El+Yazal&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-12 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An analysis of reports of depression and suicide in patients treated with isotretinoin. AN - 71184108; 11568740 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has received reports of depression and suicide in patients treated with isotretinoin. Our purpose was to provide the number and describe the cases of depression and suicide reported to the FDA in US patients treated with isotretinoin and to consider the nature of a possible association between isotretinoin and depression. An analysis was made of reports of depression, suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and suicide in US isotretinoin users voluntarily submitted to the manufacturer and the FDA from 1982 to May 2000 and entered in the FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System database. From marketing of isotretinoin in 1982 to May 2000, the FDA received reports of 37 US patients treated with isotretinoin who committed suicide; 110 who were hospitalized for depression, suicidal ideation, or suicide attempt; and 284 with nonhospitalized depression, for a total of 431 patients. Factors suggesting a possible association between isotretinoin and depression include a temporal association between use of the drug and depression, positive dechallenges (often with psychiatric treatment), positive rechallenges, and possible biologic plausibility. Compared with all drugs in the FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System database to June 2000, isotretinoin ranked within the top 10 for number of reports of depression and suicide attempt. The FDA has received reports of depression, suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and suicide in patients treated with isotretinoin. Additional studies are needed to determine whether isotretinoin causes depression and to identify susceptible persons. In the meantime, physicians are advised to inform patients prescribed isotretinoin (and parents, if appropriate) of the possibility of development or worsening of depression. They should advise patients (and parents) to immediately report mood swings and symptoms suggestive of depression such as sadness, crying, loss of appetite, unusual fatigue, withdrawal, and inability to concentrate so that patients can be promptly evaluated for appropriate treatment, including consideration of drug discontinuation and referral for psychiatric care. JF - Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology AU - Wysowski, D K AU - Pitts, M AU - Beitz, J AD - Division of Drug Risk Evaluation I, Office of Post-Marketing Drug Risk Assessment, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. wysowski@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 515 EP - 519 VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 0190-9622, 0190-9622 KW - Isotretinoin KW - EH28UP18IF KW - Index Medicus KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Suicide, Attempted KW - Affect -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Databases, Factual KW - Incidence KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Isotretinoin -- adverse effects KW - Depression -- epidemiology KW - Suicide -- statistics & numerical data KW - Depression -- chemically induced KW - Isotretinoin -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71184108?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Academy+of+Dermatology&rft.atitle=An+analysis+of+reports+of+depression+and+suicide+in+patients+treated+with+isotretinoin.&rft.au=Wysowski%2C+D+K%3BPitts%2C+M%3BBeitz%2C+J&rft.aulast=Wysowski&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Academy+of+Dermatology&rft.issn=01909622&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-10-18 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dioxin and diabetes mellitus: an analysis of the combined NIOSH and Ranch Hand data. AN - 71165428; 11555685 AB - To reanalyze in a similar manner the two principal studies of TCDD (tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) and diabetes in an attempt to reconcile disparate results. Data from 990 United States Air Force veterans (Ranch Hand) and 1275 referents were reanalyzed, and a NIOSH population of 267 chemical workers and 227 referents. The Ranch Hand veterans had lower concentrations of lipid adjusted serum TCDD (median 12 parts per trillion (ppt)) than the NIOSH workers (median 75 ppt) when examined in the late 1980s. An analysis was conducted of the combined data sets, adopting a uniform approach to outcome definition, data analysis, and covariate control. The combined exposed groups did not differ markedly from the combined non-exposed groups for prevalence of diabetes (odds ratio (OR) 1.17, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.92 to 1.48), with no evidence of heterogeneity of exposure effect between studies. Also virtually no difference was found between combined exposed and non-exposed groups in mean fasting serum glucose (difference in log serum glucose 0.002, 95% CI -0.006 to 0.010), and there was little evidence in either study of a dose-response trend for fasting serum glucose. An increasing trend was found (p=0.0001) in prevalence of diabetes with increased TCDD (at the time of examination or at time of last exposure) among the Ranch Hand population, with excess risk largely confined to the highest 8% of the exposed group (>78 ppt serum TCDD), which had an OR of 3.21 (95% CI 1.81 to 5.72) versus those with <10 ppt TCDD. However, no such positive dose-response was found in the NIOSH population. There was little overall evidence that the exposed workers were at higher risk than the non-exposed workers of diabetes or abnormal fasting glucose. However, the Ranch Hand subjects showed a positive dose-response for diabetes, whereas the more highly exposed NIOSH subjects did not. The reason for the difference in diabetes dose-response trends between the two studies is unknown. JF - Occupational and environmental medicine AU - Steenland, K AU - Calvert, G AU - Ketchum, N AU - Michalek, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. nsteenland@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 641 EP - 648 VL - 58 IS - 10 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - Blood Glucose KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Odds Ratio KW - Social Class KW - Logistic Models KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Blood Glucose -- drug effects KW - Linear Models KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Survival Analysis KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- adverse effects KW - Military Personnel KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Chemical Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71165428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Dioxin+and+diabetes+mellitus%3A+an+analysis+of+the+combined+NIOSH+and+Ranch+Hand+data.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BCalvert%2C+G%3BKetchum%2C+N%3BMichalek%2C+J&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=641&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-10-25 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Occup Environ Med. 1998 Feb;55(2):126-31 [9614398] Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Jul 15;148(2):198-203 [9676702] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999 May 5;91(9):779-86 [10328108] Occup Environ Med. 1999 Apr;56(4):270-6 [10450245] Toxicol Sci. 2000 Aug;56(2):431-6 [10911003] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Sep;108(9):847-51 [11017889] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Apr;106 Suppl 2:645-53 [9599712] Anal Chem. 1987 Aug 1;59(15):2000-5 [3631519] Am J Epidemiol. 1994 Mar 1;139(5):484-92 [8154472] Occup Environ Med. 1994 Jul;51(7):479-86 [8044248] J Biochem Toxicol. 1994 Apr;9(2):97-106 [8071950] Chemosphere. 1994 Nov-Dec;29(9-11):2423-37 [7850391] Epidemiology. 1997 May;8(3):252-8 [9115019] N Engl J Med. 1976 Mar 25;294(13):687-90 [55969] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic and evolutionary analysis of mutations in the gusA gene that cause the absence of beta-glucuronidase activity in Escherichia coli O157:H7. AN - 71154797; 11510000 AB - Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 do not exhibit beta-glucuronidase (GUD) activity but carry the gusA gene (uidA) that encodes for GUD. In trans-complementation, the gusA gene cloned from the GUD-positive variant strain 493-89 effectively restored GUD activity in O157:H7 strain 35150. Comparison of gusA sequences from the GUD-negative 35150 strain to that of 493-89 revealed several base mutations, including a guanosine (G) dinucleotide insertion that caused a frameshift in the 35150 gusA gene and introduced a predicted premature termination codon. This explains the absence of GUD activity in O157:H7. A 35150 gusA construct from which the G-G insertion was deleted restored activity in GUD-negative O157:H7 transformants. The G-G insertion was present in all GUD-negative O157:H7 strains but was absent in their GUD-positive variants. The G-G insertion that produced the characteristic GUD-negative phenotype to O157:H7 strains appeared later than the other gusA mutations in the evolutionary emergence of O157:H7. JF - The Journal of infectious diseases AU - Monday, S R AU - Whittam, T S AU - Feng, P C AD - Division of Microbiological Studies, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. smonday@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/10/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 01 SP - 918 EP - 921 VL - 184 IS - 7 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Guanosine KW - 12133JR80S KW - Glucuronidase KW - EC 3.2.1.31 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Guanosine -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Evolution, Molecular KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Frameshift Mutation KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- enzymology KW - Glucuronidase -- genetics KW - Glucuronidase -- deficiency KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71154797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Genetic+and+evolutionary+analysis+of+mutations+in+the+gusA+gene+that+cause+the+absence+of+beta-glucuronidase+activity+in+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7.&rft.au=Monday%2C+S+R%3BWhittam%2C+T+S%3BFeng%2C+P+C&rft.aulast=Monday&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=184&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=918&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-11-01 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF305917; GENBANK; AF305918 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental tobacco smoke as a risk factor for respiratory disease in children. AN - 71147079; 11535261 AB - Respiratory diseases are a frequent reason for using health care. In 1995-1996, diseases of the respiratory tract (ICD 460-519) contributed seven of the top 15 reasons for visits to physician offices among children under 15 years of age in the United States. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a wide-spread environmental pollutant that has been long linked with respiratory problems. This paper will review the available literature on the role ETS plays in respiratory diseases, including asthma. This review focuses not only on the respiratory problems caused by ETS, but also examines the influence of age at exposure on the consequences of ETS and the importance of the differing sources of ETS exposure. As ETS is a completely preventable form of environmental pollution, the success or failure of various types of interventions will also be reviewed. JF - Respiration physiology AU - Gergen, P J AD - Center for Primary Care and Research, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Rm 201, 6010 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 39 EP - 46 VL - 128 IS - 1 SN - 0034-5687, 0034-5687 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hypersensitivity, Immediate -- etiology KW - Asthma -- etiology KW - Age Factors KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Morbidity KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- etiology KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71147079?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Respiration+physiology&rft.atitle=Environmental+tobacco+smoke+as+a+risk+factor+for+respiratory+disease+in+children.&rft.au=Gergen%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Gergen&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Respiration+physiology&rft.issn=00345687&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Concluding remarks: symposium on Genetic Susceptibility to Environmental Toxicants. AN - 71143899; 11535255 AB - The symposium on "Genetic Susceptibility to Environmental Toxicants" provided a state-of-the-art forum on the role of genetic susceptibility involving exposures to occupational, dietary, and other environmental toxicants. While much of the work focused on single gene-environmental interactions, there was a clear understanding that multiple gene polymorphisms in a metabolic pathway would prove to be essential knowledge in better assessing health risks. A clear need to couple these advances with better measures of exposure was also appreciated, along with improved methods to conduct individual risk assessment procedures. The ethics of these new paradigms was also discussed. JF - Mutation research AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. fkadlubar@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/10/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 01 SP - 111 EP - 113 VL - 482 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Congresses as Topic KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Ethics KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Risk Assessment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71143899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Concluding+remarks%3A+symposium+on+Genetic+Susceptibility+to+Environmental+Toxicants.&rft.au=Kadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Kadlubar&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=482&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-10-18 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment On: Mutat Res. 2001 Oct 1;482(1-2):71-6 [11535250] Mutat Res. 2001 Oct 1;482(1-2):105-10 [11535254] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors affecting the use of hearing protectors in a population of printing workers AN - 18716847; 5599039 AB - This study examined the reasons offered by rotogravure printing workers from Syo Paulo, Brazil, for not consistently using hearing protectors. The study group was comprised of 124 workers exposed to various levels of noise. Data on work history, psychosocial aspects of their job, medical history, present health, stress, occupational and non-occupational exposures to noise or chemicals and lifestyle factors were collected through an interview. The participants underwent pure-tone audiometry and had their noise exposures assessed. Seventy-nine workers of a total of 124 noise-exposed (64%) indicated that they wore hearing protectors, but only 16 (20%) of that subgroup stated that they wore the device all the time when noise-exposed. The variables significantly associated with the decision for not consistently wearing hearing protectors included interference with communication, interference with job performance, comfort issues, and self-perception of hearing condition. JF - Noise and Health AU - Morata, T C AU - Fiorini, A C AU - Fischer, F M AU - Krieg, E F AU - Gozzoli, L AU - Colacioppo, S AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, 4676 Columbia Parkway/MS C27 Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 25 EP - 32 VL - 4 IS - 13 SN - 1463-1741, 1463-1741 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18716847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Noise+and+Health&rft.atitle=Factors+affecting+the+use+of+hearing+protectors+in+a+population+of+printing+workers&rft.au=Morata%2C+T+C%3BFiorini%2C+A+C%3BFischer%2C+F+M%3BKrieg%2C+E+F%3BGozzoli%2C+L%3BColacioppo%2C+S&rft.aulast=Morata&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Noise+and+Health&rft.issn=14631741&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Automated Ribotyping Differentiates Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 Strains Associated with a Texas Outbreak from Other Clinical Strains AN - 18395182; 5368552 AB - Automated ribotyping with a Qualicon Riboprinter was used to determine whether clinical isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 recovered during two U.S. outbreaks of oyster-associated gastroenteritis in 1998 were related to each other and to a previously identified highly virulent Asian clone of this serotype. The patterns produced using the restriction enzymes Eco RI and Pst I suggest that the outbreak in the Northeastern United States was caused by a single strain closely related to the Asian clone. In contrast, it appears that multiple strains were involved in the Texas outbreak and that the predominant type was genetically distinct from the Northeastern and Asian clone. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Gendel, S M AU - Ulaszek, J AU - Nishibuchi, M AU - DePaola, A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Food Safety and Technology, 6502 South Archer Road, Summit-Argo, Illinois 60501, USA Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 1617 EP - 1620 VL - 64 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - man KW - nuclease KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18395182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Automated+Ribotyping+Differentiates+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus+O3%3AK6+Strains+Associated+with+a+Texas+Outbreak+from+Other+Clinical+Strains&rft.au=Gendel%2C+S+M%3BUlaszek%2C+J%3BNishibuchi%2C+M%3BDePaola%2C+A&rft.aulast=Gendel&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1617&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Cr(VI) Exposure on Sperm Quality: Human and Animal Studies AN - 18212784; 5285664 AB - The semen status of male workers occupationally exposed to hexavalent chromium(VI) was investigated. Sperm counts from exposed workers were 47.05 plus or minus 2.13x10 super(6)/ml and those from control group 88.96 plus or minus 3.40x10 super(6)/ml. Sperm motility decreased from 81.92 plus or minus 0.41% for the control group to 69.71 plus or minus 0.93% for the exposed workers. The levels of zinc, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lactate dehydrogenase C4 isoenzyme (LDH-x) in seminal plasma for the exposed workers were 1.48 plus or minus 0.07 mu mol/ml, 1.05 plus or minus 0.02x10 super(3) U, and 0.47 plus or minus 0.01x10 super(3) U, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of 5.72 plus or minus 0.15 mu mol/ml, 1.49 plus or minus 0.02x10 super(3) U, and 0.78 plus or minus 0.15x10 super(3) U for the control group, respectively. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (7.34 plus or minus 0.34x10 super(-3) IU/ml) in serum from the exposed workers was significantly higher than that (2.41 plus or minus 0.08x10 super(-3) IU/ml) from the control group. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in semen volume, semen liquefaction time, luteinizing hormone (LH) level in serum, and Cr concentration in both serum and seminal plasma between the exposed workers and the control group. Feeding Cr(VI) to rats significantly reduced the epididymal sperm counts from 87.40 plus or minus 3.85x10 super(6)/g epididymis in control group to 21.40 plus or minus 1.20x10 super(6)/g epididymis at a CrO sub(3) dose of 10 mg/kg body weight and to 17.48 plus or minus 1.04x10 super(6)/g epididymis at a CrO sub(3) dose of 20 mg/kg body weight. Exposure of rats to Cr(VI) also significantly increased the sperm abnormality from 2.75 plus or minus 0.06% in the control group to 6.68 plus or minus 0.32% in the exposed group at a CrO sub(3) dose of 10 mg/kg body and to 7.6 plus or minus 0.15% at a CrO sub(3) dose of 20 mg/kg body weight. In exposed rats, there was visible disruption in germ cell arrangement near the walls of the seminiferous tubules. The diameters of seminiferous tubules in exposed rats were smaller. These results suggest that occupational exposure to chromium(VI) leads to alteration of semen status and may affect the reproductive success of exposed workers. JF - Annals of Occupational Hygiene AU - Li, H AU - Chen, Q AU - Li, S AU - Yao, W AU - Li, L AU - Shi, X AU - Wang, L AU - Castranova, V AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Ernst, E AU - Chen, C AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown WV 26505, USA, xas0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 505 EP - 511 VL - 45 IS - 7 SN - 0003-4878, 0003-4878 KW - man KW - rats KW - sperm KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Follicle-stimulating hormone KW - Chromium KW - males KW - Luteinizing hormone KW - Semen KW - Reproduction KW - Occupational exposure KW - X 24164:Pathology KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18212784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Occupational+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Cr%28VI%29+Exposure+on+Sperm+Quality%3A+Human+and+Animal+Studies&rft.au=Li%2C+H%3BChen%2C+Q%3BLi%2C+S%3BYao%2C+W%3BLi%2C+L%3BShi%2C+X%3BWang%2C+L%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BVallyathan%2C+V%3BErnst%2C+E%3BChen%2C+C&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Occupational+Hygiene&rft.issn=00034878&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chromium; Occupational exposure; males; Reproduction; Semen; Follicle-stimulating hormone; Luteinizing hormone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Uptake and killing of Listeria monocytogenes by normal human peripheral blood granulocytes and monocytes as measured by flow cytometry and cell sorting AN - 18211394; 5273558 AB - Cellular components of innate immunity (NK cells, monocytes and granulocytes) play an important role in early resistance to Listeria monocytogenes in the mouse model. Minimally invasive methods of measuring the bacteriocidal capacity of these cells may be useful as a biomarker of susceptibility in humans. A technique was developed whereby the uptake and survival of L. monocytogenes could be measured in human granulocytes and monocytes using small volumes of peripheral blood. This method used flow cytometry to detect the presence of PKH-2-labeled bacteria within these cells. Survival of bacteria was determined by sorting of infected cells based on a combination of fluorescence and light scattering properties. Considerable variation in bacterial recovery was seen between normal volunteers. There was consistently greater survival of a fully virulent strain of L. monocytogenes within monocytes and granulocytes compared with an isogenic strain lacking the hemolysin, listeriolysin O, when measured at baseline. There was no evidence of longer-term bacterial survival or growth at 2 or 24 h. This technique may be useful for assessment of both host resistance and pathogen virulence. JF - FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology AU - Raybourne, R B AU - Roth, G AU - Deuster, P A AU - Sternberg, E M AU - Singh, A AD - Immunobiology Branch, Food and Drug Administration, MOD I, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD 20708, USA, rraybour@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/10/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 01 SP - 219 EP - 225 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0928-8244, 0928-8244 KW - man KW - uptake KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Fluorescence KW - Light scattering KW - Natural killer cells KW - Peripheral blood KW - Disease resistance KW - Flow cytometry KW - Leukocytes (granulocytic) KW - Immune response KW - Monocytes KW - F 06772:Other cells (leukocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, platelets) KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - F 06771:Function UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18211394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Immunology+and+Medical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Uptake+and+killing+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+by+normal+human+peripheral+blood+granulocytes+and+monocytes+as+measured+by+flow+cytometry+and+cell+sorting&rft.au=Raybourne%2C+R+B%3BRoth%2C+G%3BDeuster%2C+P+A%3BSternberg%2C+E+M%3BSingh%2C+A&rft.aulast=Raybourne&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Immunology+and+Medical+Microbiology&rft.issn=09288244&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Leukocytes (granulocytic); Monocytes; Immune response; Disease resistance; Flow cytometry; Natural killer cells; Peripheral blood; Fluorescence; Light scattering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prospects for applying genotypic selection of somatic oncomutation to chemical risk assessment AN - 18119540; 5211397 AB - Genotypic selection methods detect rare sequence changes in populations of DNA molecules. These methods have been used to investigate the chemical induction of mutation and for the detection and diagnosis of cancer. The possible use of genotypic selection for improving current risk assessment practices is based on the premise that the frequency of somatic mutation is of critical importance in understanding and modeling carcinogenesis. If genotypic selection can measure the induction of specific mutations that disrupt normal cell/tissue homeostasis, then it could provide key mechanistic information for cancer risk assessment. For example, genotypic selection data might support a particular low-dose extrapolation method or characterize the relationship between rodent and human cancer risk. Strategies for evaluating the use of genotypic selection in cancer risk assessment include the concept of developing a battery of targets that detect a range of agent-specific effects. Ideal targets to examine by genotypic selection are the oncogene and tumor suppressor gene mutations frequently detected in human tumors because these are thought to represent tumor-initiating events. The most commonly occurring basepair (bp) substitutions within the ras and p53 genes are identified. Also, the battery of genotypic selection methods is defined in terms of the most important mutational specificities to include. In theory, the major basepair substitution mutations induced by 29 of 31 chemical carcinogens could be detected by analyzing three different mutations: G: C arrow right T :A, G: C arrow right A :T, and A: T arrow right T :A. Genotypic selection will have the greatest impact on risk assessment if measurement of spontaneous mutation is possible. Data from phenotypic selection assays suggest this corresponds to detection of mutant fractions of similar to 10 super(-7), and this would necessitate examining DNA samples containing >10 super(7) target molecules. Despite its apparent potential, considerable development and validation is needed before genotypic selection data can be applied to cancer risk assessment. JF - Mutation Research-Reviews in Mutation Research AU - McKinzie, P B AU - Delongchamp, R R AU - Heflich, R H AU - Parsons, B L AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, HFT-120, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, 72079 Jefferson, AR USA Y1 - 2001/10/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 01 SP - 47 EP - 78 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 489 IS - 1 SN - 1383-5742, 1383-5742 KW - p53 gene KW - ras gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Tumor suppressor genes KW - Genotypes KW - Oncogenes KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Mutation KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - G 07220:General theory/testing systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18119540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Reviews+in+Mutation+Research&rft.atitle=Prospects+for+applying+genotypic+selection+of+somatic+oncomutation+to+chemical+risk+assessment&rft.au=McKinzie%2C+P+B%3BDelongchamp%2C+R+R%3BHeflich%2C+R+H%3BParsons%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=McKinzie&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=489&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Reviews+in+Mutation+Research&rft.issn=13835742&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Genotypes; Oncogenes; Carcinogenesis; Mutation; Tumor suppressor genes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variation within the vat(E) Allele of Enterococcus faecium Isolates from Retail Poultry Samples AN - 18117096; 5210600 AB - In a survey of retail meat samples, twelve quinupristin-dalfopristin-resistant (MICs, greater than or equal to 4 mg/liter) Enterococcus faecium isolates that carried a vat(E) gene were recovered. DNA sequence comparison revealed five new variations in the vat(E) allele among 12 isolates, which were designated vat(E-4) through vat(E-8); two isolates had vat(E-1). There was no correlation between the number of base changes and the quinupristin-dalfopristin MIC. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Simjee, S AU - McDermott, P F AU - Wagner, D D AU - White, D G AD - Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA, ssimjee@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 2931 EP - 2932 VL - 45 IS - 10 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - isolates KW - vat gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Alleles KW - Poultry KW - Dalfopristin KW - quinupristin KW - Enterococcus faecium KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18117096?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Variation+within+the+vat%28E%29+Allele+of+Enterococcus+faecium+Isolates+from+Retail+Poultry+Samples&rft.au=Simjee%2C+S%3BMcDermott%2C+P+F%3BWagner%2C+D+D%3BWhite%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Simjee&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2931&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAAC.45.10.2931-2932.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enterococcus faecium; quinupristin; Dalfopristin; Poultry; Alleles DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.45.10.2931-2932.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New Zealand White Rabbit as a Nonsurgical Experimental Model for Salmonella enterica Gastroenteritis AN - 18094710; 5174668 AB - Rabbits orally challenged with Salmonella enterica developed a dose-dependent diarrheal disease comparable to human salmonellosis. Viable Salmonella organisms recovered from the intestine and deep tissues indicate local and systemic infections. Therefore, results show that the rabbit can be used as a model for diarrheal disease and sequelae associated with salmonellosis. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Hanes, DE AU - Robl, M G AU - Schneider, C M AU - Burr, D H AD - Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD 20708, Dhanes@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 6523 EP - 6526 VL - 69 IS - 10 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - rabbits KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Salmonellosis KW - Salmonella enterica KW - Disseminated infection KW - Animal models KW - Pathogenesis KW - Gastroenteritis KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18094710?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=New+Zealand+White+Rabbit+as+a+Nonsurgical+Experimental+Model+for+Salmonella+enterica+Gastroenteritis&rft.au=Hanes%2C+DE%3BRobl%2C+M+G%3BSchneider%2C+C+M%3BBurr%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Hanes&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=6523&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.69.10.6523-6526.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enterica; Animal models; Gastroenteritis; Disseminated infection; Salmonellosis; Pathogenesis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.69.10.6523-6526.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of human glutathione S-transferases (hGSTs) in the detoxification of the food-derived carcinogen metabolite N-acetoxy-PhIP, and the effect of a polymorphism in hGSTA1 on colorectal cancer risk AN - 18094548; 5174580 AB - Food-derived heterocyclic amines (HCAs), particularly 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), are implicated in the etiology of human colorectal cancer (CRC) via a process of N-oxidation followed by O-acetylation or O-sulfation to form electrophilic metabolites that react with DNA. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) detoxify activated carcinogen metabolites by catalysis of their reaction with GSH. However, among HCAs, only N-acetoxy-PhIP has been shown to be a substrate for the GSTs. By using a competitive DNA-binding assay, we confirm that hGSTA1-1 is an efficient catalyst of the detoxification of N-acetoxy-PhIP. Further, we show that hGSTs A2-2, P1-1, M1-1, T1-1 and T2-2 appear to have low activity towards N-acetoxy-PhIP, and that hGSTs A4-4, M2-2, M4-4 and Z1-1 appear to have no activity towards N-acetoxy-PhIP. A genetic polymorphism in the 5'-regulatory sequence of hGSTA1 has been shown to correlate with the relative and absolute levels of expression of GSTA1/GSTA2 in human liver. Examination of hGSTA1 allele frequency in 100 Caucasian CRC patients and 226 Caucasian controls demonstrated a significant over-representation of the homozygous hGSTA1 super(*)B genotype among cases compared to controls (24.0 and 13.7%, respectively, P=0.04 ). This corresponds to an odds ratio for risk of CRC of 2.0 (95% CI 1.0-3.7) when comparing homozygous hGSTA1 super(*)B individuals with all other genotypes. Thus, individuals who are homozygous hGSTA1 super(*)B, and who would be predicted to have the lowest levels of hGSTA1 expression in their livers, appear to be at risk of developing CRC, possibly as a result of inefficient hepatic detoxification of N-acetoxy-PhIP. JF - Mutation Research-Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis AU - Coles, B AU - Nowell, SA AU - MacLeod, S L AU - Sweeney, C AU - Lang, N P AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology, National Center for Toxicological Research (HFT 100), 3900 NCTR Road, 72079 Jefferson, AR USA Y1 - 2001/10/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 01 SP - 3 EP - 10 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 482 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - man KW - liver KW - 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine KW - GSTA1 gene KW - colorectal cancer KW - hGSTA1 gene KW - heterocyclic aromatic amines KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Detoxification KW - Heterocyclic amines KW - Food KW - Colorectal carcinoma KW - Enzyme polymorphism KW - Carcinogens KW - Glutathione transferase KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18094548?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Fundamental+and+Molecular+Mechanisms+of+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=The+role+of+human+glutathione+S-transferases+%28hGSTs%29+in+the+detoxification+of+the+food-derived+carcinogen+metabolite+N-acetoxy-PhIP%2C+and+the+effect+of+a+polymorphism+in+hGSTA1+on+colorectal+cancer+risk&rft.au=Coles%2C+B%3BNowell%2C+SA%3BMacLeod%2C+S+L%3BSweeney%2C+C%3BLang%2C+N+P%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Coles&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=482&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Fundamental+and+Molecular+Mechanisms+of+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Detoxification; Carcinogens; Risk assessment; Food; Enzyme polymorphism; Glutathione transferase; Heterocyclic amines; Colorectal carcinoma ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic analysis of conservation and variation of lipooligosaccharide expression in two L8-immunotype strains of Neisseria meningitidis AN - 18088384; 5183050 AB - Neisseria meningitidis strains A1 and M978 both express the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) L8 immunotype [Gu et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 30 (1992) 2047-2053]. Under different growth conditions, strain A1 did not change its LOS profile whereas strain M978 produced variable LOS profiles on SDS-PAGE. To understand the genetic basis of LOS conservation and variation, their lgt locus encoding glycosyltransferases responsible for the biosynthesis of the alpha -chain of LOS was analyzed. Strain A1 possessed only two genes, lgtA and lgtH, at the lgt locus. The lgtA gene was inactivated due to a frameshift mutation; thus strain A1 expressed only L8 LOS. In contrast, strain M978 contained five genes lgtZ, lgtC, lgtA, lgtB and lgtE at this locus, thus it had a potential to express L1, L3,7 in addition to the L8 LOS. The data showed that strain A1 is a better reference strain for the L8 immunotype because of the stability of L8 LOS expression resulting from its unique lgt locus. In addition, these two strains had two new genetic organizations, lgtAH and lgtZCABE, compared to the reported gene organization at the lgt locus in N. meningitidis. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Zhu, P AU - Klutch, MJ AU - Tsai, C M AD - Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products and Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, 20892 Bethesda, MD USA Y1 - 2001/09/25/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Sep 25 SP - 173 EP - 177 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 203 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - glycosyltransferase KW - lgtA gene KW - lgtB gene KW - lgtC gene KW - lgtE gene KW - lgtZ gene KW - lipooligosaccharides KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18088384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Genetic+analysis+of+conservation+and+variation+of+lipooligosaccharide+expression+in+two+L8-immunotype+strains+of+Neisseria+meningitidis&rft.au=Zhu%2C+P%3BKlutch%2C+MJ%3BTsai%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-09-25&rft.volume=203&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neisseria meningitidis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of phospholipid surfactant on apoptosis induction by respirable quartz and kaolin in NR8383 rat pulmonary macrophages. AN - 71204993; 11559020 AB - Apoptosis was measured in rat alveolar macrophage NR8383 cells challenged in vitro with respirable quartz or kaolin dust and with the dusts pretreated with dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) to model conditioning of respired dusts by interaction with a primary phospholipid component of pulmonary surfactant. Quartz dust is known to induce apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. For this study, quartz and kaolin were compared as dusts of similar cytotoxicity in some in vitro assays but of differing pathogenic potential: quartz can cause significant pulmonary fibrosis while kaolin generally does not. NR8383 cells exposed to native quartz at concentrations from 50 to 400 microg/ml for 6 h showed a dose-dependent increase in apoptosis measured by the TdT-mediated dUTP-fluorescein nick end labeling (TUNEL), cell death ELISA, and DNA ladder formation assays, while native kaolin induced significant response only at the higher concentrations and only in the TUNEL and ELISA assays. For cell challenge from 6 h to 5 days at 100 microg/ml of dust, quartz was active at all times while kaolin was active only at 5 days. DPPC pre-treatment suppressed quartz activity until 3 days and kaolin activity through 5 days. Cellular release of lactate dehydrogenase, measured in parallel experiments to compare dust apoptotic and necrotic activities, indicated that components of serum as well as surfactant may affect kaolin in vitro expression of those activities. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Gao, N AU - Keane, M J AU - Ong, T AU - Ye, J AU - Miller, W E AU - Wallace, W E AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2001/09/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Sep 15 SP - 217 EP - 225 VL - 175 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Drug Combinations KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Quartz KW - 14808-60-7 KW - Kaolin KW - 24H4NWX5CO KW - 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine KW - 2644-64-6 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - DNA -- analysis KW - Rats KW - In Situ Nick-End Labeling KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - DNA Fragmentation KW - Cell Line KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Kaolin -- toxicity KW - 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine -- pharmacology KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- enzymology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- pathology KW - Quartz -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71204993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+phospholipid+surfactant+on+apoptosis+induction+by+respirable+quartz+and+kaolin+in+NR8383+rat+pulmonary+macrophages.&rft.au=Gao%2C+N%3BKeane%2C+M+J%3BOng%2C+T%3BYe%2C+J%3BMiller%2C+W+E%3BWallace%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Gao&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2001-09-15&rft.volume=175&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-10-18 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sterically Stabilized Cationic Liposomes Improve the Uptake and Immunostimulatory Activity of CpG Oligonucleotides AN - 18090540; 5169417 AB - Immunostimulatory CpG oligonucleotides (ODN) show promise as immune adjuvants, anti-allergens, and immunoprotective agents. Increasing the bioavailability and duration of action of CpG ODN should improve their therapeutic utility. Encapsulating ODN in sterically stabilized cationic liposomes provides protection from serum nucleases while facilitating uptake by B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. In a pathogen challenge model, sterically stabilized cationic liposomes encapsulation doubled the duration of CpG ODN-induced immune protection. In an immunization model, coencapsulation of CpG ODN with protein Ag (OVA) magnified the resultant Ag-specific IFN- gamma and IgG responses by 15- to 40-fold compared with Ag plus CpG ODN alone. These findings support the use of sterically stabilized cationic liposomes to significantly enhance the therapeutic efficacy of CpG ODN. JF - Journal of Immunology AU - Gursel, I AU - Gursel, M AU - Ishii, K J AU - Klinman, D M AD - Section of Retroviral Immunology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892 Y1 - 2001/09/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Sep 15 SP - 3324 EP - 3328 VL - 167 IS - 6 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - CpG motif KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - Macrophages KW - Lymphocytes B KW - Oligonucleotides KW - Liposomes KW - Dendritic cells KW - Immunostimulation KW - W3 33388:Drug delivery vehicles (liposomes, cochleates, microspheres) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - F 06793:Immunopharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18090540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.atitle=Sterically+Stabilized+Cationic+Liposomes+Improve+the+Uptake+and+Immunostimulatory+Activity+of+CpG+Oligonucleotides&rft.au=Gursel%2C+I%3BGursel%2C+M%3BIshii%2C+K+J%3BKlinman%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Gursel&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2001-09-15&rft.volume=167&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=3324&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Liposomes; Immunostimulation; Oligonucleotides; Lymphocytes B; Dendritic cells; Macrophages ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Data mining in the US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS): early detection of intussusception and other events after rotavirus vaccination AN - 18107553; 5207255 AB - The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) is the US passive surveillance system monitoring vaccine safety. A major limitation of VAERS is the lack of denominator data (number of doses of administered vaccine), an element necessary for calculating reporting rates. Empirical Bayesian data mining, a data analysis method, utilizes the number of events reported for each vaccine and statistically screens the database for higher than expected vaccine-event combinations signaling a potential vaccine-associated event. This is the first study of data mining in VAERS designed to test the utility of this method to detect retrospectively a known side effect of vaccination-intussusception following rotavirus (RV) vaccine. From October 1998 to December 1999, 112 cases of intussusception were reported. The data mining method was able to detect a signal for RV-intussusception in February 1999 when only four cases were reported. These results demonstrate the utility of data mining to detect significant vaccine-associated events at early date. Data mining appears to be an efficient and effective computer-based program that may enhance early detection of adverse events in passive surveillance systems. JF - Vaccine AU - Niu, M T AU - Erwin, DE AU - Braun, M M AD - Vaccine Safety Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologic Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 1401 Rockville Pike, HFM-210, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA, niu@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/09/14/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Sep 14 SP - 4627 EP - 4634 VL - 19 IS - 32 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - man KW - case reports KW - intussusception KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - Rotavirus KW - Human rotavirus KW - Safety KW - Computer programs KW - Databases KW - Vaccines KW - Side effects KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - V 22097:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Human KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18107553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Data+mining+in+the+US+Vaccine+Adverse+Event+Reporting+System+%28VAERS%29%3A+early+detection+of+intussusception+and+other+events+after+rotavirus+vaccination&rft.au=Niu%2C+M+T%3BErwin%2C+DE%3BBraun%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Niu&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-09-14&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=32&rft.spage=4627&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rotavirus; Human rotavirus; Vaccines; Safety; Side effects; Databases; Computer programs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Bush administration deals a blow to biotechnology--and itself AN - 864952042; 13744476 JF - Nature Biotechnology AU - Miller, Henry I AD - Henry Miller (miller[AT]hoover.stanford. edu) is a fellow at the Hoover Institution. He was an FDA official from 1979 to 1994 and is the author of "Policy Controversy in Biotechnology: An Insider's View." Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 807 EP - 808 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building London N1 9XW United Kingdom VL - 19 IS - 9 SN - 1087-0156, 1087-0156 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/864952042?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=The+Bush+administration+deals+a+blow+to+biotechnology--and+itself&rft.au=Miller%2C+Henry+I&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=807&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10870156&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnbt0901-807 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0901-807 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential effects of octylphenol, 17beta-estradiol, endosulfan, or bisphenol A on the steroidogenic competence of cultured adult rat Leydig cells. AN - 72387962; 11780963 AB - In the current studies, we evaluated the effects of 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), endosulfan, bisphenol A (BPA), and 17beta-estradiol on basal or hCG-stimulated testosterone formation by cultured Leydig cells from young adult male rats. Exposure of Leydig cells to increasing concentrations of OP (1 to 2000 nM), 17beta-estradiol (1 to 1000 nM), endosulfan (1 to 1000 nM) or BPA (1 to 1000 nM), alone or with 10 mIU/mL hCG for 4 or 24 h, did not lower ambient testosterone levels, although cells exposed to higher OP concentrations + hCG for 24 h often had modest declines in testosterone (10 to 20%). Of interest, exposure to the highest concentration OP (2000 nM) alone for 4 or 24 h increased testosterone levels (approximately 2-fold in 4-h exposed cells). Whether prior exposure to OP + hCG for 24 h affects the subsequent conversion of steroid substrates to testosterone over 4 h was evaluated. Progressive declines in 1 microM 22(R) hydroxycholesterol, 1 microM pregnenolone, or 1 microM progesterone conversion to testosterone was observed beginning at 100 to 500 nM OP exposure (maximal declines of 40 to 12% of controls were observed); however, the conversion of 1 microM androstenedione to testosterone was not affected by OP. These results suggested that 24-h exposure to OP + hCG has no effect on 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which converts androstenedione to testosterone, but that it inhibits the 17alpha-hydroxylase/C17-20 lyase step, which converts progesterone to androstenedione. In addition, potentially, OP could inhibit cholesterol side/chain cleavage activity, which converts cholesterol to pregnenolone, and/or 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which converts pregnenolone to progesterone. Of interest, exposure to increasing concentrations of 17beta-estradiol (1 to 1000 nM), endosulfan (1 to 1000 nM), or BPA (1 to 1000 nM) + hCG for 24 h had no effect on subsequent conversion of 22(R)hydroxycholesterol to testosterone. Furthermore, the inhibiting effects of OP + hCG exposure on subsequent conversion of progesterone to testosterone was unaffected by concomitant exposure to the pure estrogen antagonist, ICI 182,780, or the antioxidants, ascorbate or dimethyl sulfoxide, suggesting that the actions of OP are not mediated through binding to estrogen receptor alpha or beta or by free radical induced damage to steroidogenic enzymes, respectively. These results demonstrate that direct exposure of adult Leydig cells to OP may have subtle effects on their ability to produce testosterone, which may not be detected by measuring ambient androgen levels. In addition, the effects of OP on Leydig cell testosterone formation appear to be different from those of the native estrogen, 17beta-estradiol, and from other reported weak xenoestrogens such as endosulfan and BPA. JF - Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) AU - Murono, E P AU - Derk, R C AU - de León, J H AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effect Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. eem8@cdc.gov PY - 2001 SP - 551 EP - 560 VL - 15 IS - 5 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - Benzhydryl Compounds KW - 0 KW - Chorionic Gonadotropin KW - Estrogen Antagonists KW - Hydroxycholesterols KW - Phenols KW - Testosterone KW - 3XMK78S47O KW - Androstenedione KW - 409J2J96VR KW - Progesterone KW - 4G7DS2Q64Y KW - Estradiol KW - 4TI98Z838E KW - Pregnenolone KW - 73R90F7MQ8 KW - 4-tert-octylphenol KW - IOY9FVU3J3 KW - bisphenol A KW - MLT3645I99 KW - Endosulfan KW - OKA6A6ZD4K KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Hydroxycholesterols -- metabolism KW - Pregnenolone -- metabolism KW - Chorionic Gonadotropin -- pharmacology KW - Progesterone -- metabolism KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Drug Synergism KW - Androstenedione -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Leydig Cells -- cytology KW - Leydig Cells -- metabolism KW - Estrogen Antagonists -- pharmacology KW - Phenols -- pharmacology KW - Estradiol -- pharmacology KW - Endosulfan -- pharmacology KW - Testosterone -- biosynthesis KW - Leydig Cells -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72387962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Differential+effects+of+octylphenol%2C+17beta-estradiol%2C+endosulfan%2C+or+bisphenol+A+on+the+steroidogenic+competence+of+cultured+adult+rat+Leydig+cells.&rft.au=Murono%2C+E+P%3BDerk%2C+R+C%3Bde+Le%C3%B3n%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Murono&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=551&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enalapril: pharmacokinetic/dynamic inferences for comparative developmental toxicity. A review. AN - 72387842; 11780954 AB - Enalapril is an antihypertensive drug of the class of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) used in pregnancy for treatment of pre-existing or pregnancy-induced hypertension. The use of ACE inhibitors (drugs that act directly on the renin-angiotensin system) during the second and third trimester of pregnancy in humans is associated with specific fetal and neonatal injury. The syndrome, termed "ACEI fetopathy" in humans, does not appear to have a similar counterpart in experimental animals. The present paper reviews pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of enalapril that are physiologically important during pregnancy and intrauterine development in humans and in experimental animal species with the aim of better understanding the comparability of the manifestations of enalapril developmental toxicity in animals and humans. The human fetus is at a disadvantage with regard to in utero enalapril exposure in comparison to some of the animal species for which gestational pharmacokinetic data are available. Important reasons for the higher vulnerability of the human fetus are its accessibility by enalapril and the earlier (relative to animal species) intrauterine development of organ systems that are specific targets of ACEI pharmacologic effect (the kidney and the renin-angiotensin system). In humans, these systems develop prior to calcarial ossification at the end of first trimester of pregnancy. The specific pharmacodynamic action of enalapril on these systems during fetal life is the chief determinant of the etiology and pathogenesis of ACEI fetopathy in humans. In contrast, in most of the studied animal species, these target systems are not developed until close to term when the fetus is relatively more mature (and therefore less vulnerable), so that the window of vulnerability is narrower in comparison to the human. Among animal species, the best concordance in fetal pharmacodynamics to the human is seen in the rhesus monkey, but further studies are necessary to determine if similar developmental pathology is induced in this animal model upon repeated administration of the drug during the relevant period of intrauterine development. Animal-human concordance of developmental toxicity is least likely in the rat because of greater disparities in enalapril availability to the fetus and the relative development of the kidney and skeletal ossification compared to that in humans. JF - Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) AU - Tabacova, S A AU - Kimmel, C A AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. STabacova@nctr.fda.gov PY - 2001 SP - 467 EP - 478 VL - 15 IS - 5 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Antihypertensive Agents KW - Enalapril KW - 69PN84IO1A KW - Index Medicus KW - Models, Animal KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Species Specificity KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Enalapril -- pharmacokinetics KW - Antihypertensive Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Antihypertensive Agents -- adverse effects KW - Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors -- adverse effects KW - Enalapril -- adverse effects KW - Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacokinetics KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72387842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Enalapril%3A+pharmacokinetic%2Fdynamic+inferences+for+comparative+developmental+toxicity.+A+review.&rft.au=Tabacova%2C+S+A%3BKimmel%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Tabacova&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Demographic effects on the Trail Making Test in hallucinogen abusers. AN - 72260286; 11697215 AB - Demographic effects on the Trail Making test (TMT), a test often used for screening for cognitive impairment, were reexamined in a sample of hallucinogen abusers in drug abuse treatment programs. A sample was drawn from electronic files of data from the Drug Abuse Treatment outcome Study (DATOS). The DATOS was a naturalistic, prospective cohort study that collected data from 1991-1993 in 96 programs in 11 cities in the United States. The number of hallucinogen abusers' scores available for analysis were 128. Data were analyzed to determine the effects of sex, ethnicity, age and education variables on the two parts of the TMT in this large treatment sample of hallucinogen abusers. The variable of ethnicity was statistically significant for both parts A and B of the TMT and just at the edge of significance for age for part A. R-Square values for overall models were moderate (A = .30, B = .29) suggesting that demographic effects on the TMT account for a minority of overall variance in terms of hallucinogen abusers' TMT performance. JF - The International journal of neuroscience AU - Roberts, C AU - Horton, A M AD - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockwall II Building, Suite 840, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, Md. 20857, USA. Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 91 EP - 97 VL - 110 IS - 1-2 SN - 0020-7454, 0020-7454 KW - Hallucinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Demography KW - Prospective Studies KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Trail Making Test KW - Mass Screening KW - Cognition Disorders -- etiology KW - Cognition Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Cognition Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- complications KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- rehabilitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72260286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.atitle=Demographic+effects+on+the+Trail+Making+Test+in+hallucinogen+abusers.&rft.au=Roberts%2C+C%3BHorton%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.issn=00207454&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-26 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sex, ethnicity, age and education effects on the Trail Making Test in a sample of heroin abusers. AN - 72258731; 11697216 AB - Sex, ethnicity, age and education effects on the Trail Making test (TMT), a test often used for screening for cognitive impairment, are examined in a sample of heroin abusers in drug abuse treatment programs. A mixed race sample was drawn from electronic files of data from the Drug Abuse Treatment outcome Study (DATOS). The DATOS was a naturalistic, prospective cohort study that collected data from 1991-1993 in 96 programs in 11 cities in the United States. The number of heroin abusers with TMT scores available for analysis was 1548. Data were analyzed to determine the effects of sex, ethnicity, age and education variables on the two parts of the TMT in this large treatment sample of heroin abusers. The variables of sex, age, ethnicity and education were statistically significant for both parts A and B of the TMT. Nonetheless, R-Square values for overall models were quite weak (A = .08, B = .13) suggesting that sex, ethnicity, age and education effects on the TMT, while clearly present, account for relatively little overall variance in terms of heroin users' TMT performance. These results are consistent with earlier research using a more heterogenous drug abuse treatment sample. JF - The International journal of neuroscience AU - Roberts, C AU - Horton, A M AD - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockwall II Building, Suite 840, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. croberts@samhsa.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 99 EP - 106 VL - 110 IS - 1-2 SN - 0020-7454, 0020-7454 KW - Index Medicus KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Educational Status KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Sex Distribution KW - Male KW - Female KW - Trail Making Test KW - Cognition Disorders -- etiology KW - Cognition Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Cognition Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Heroin Dependence -- complications KW - Ethnic Groups -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72258731?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.atitle=Sex%2C+ethnicity%2C+age+and+education+effects+on+the+Trail+Making+Test+in+a+sample+of+heroin+abusers.&rft.au=Roberts%2C+C%3BHorton%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.issn=00207454&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-26 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of preformed type A botulinal toxin in hash brown potatoes by using the mouse bioasssay and a modified ELISA test. AN - 72200358; 11601465 AB - A foodborne illness caused by type A toxin-producing Clostridium botulinum was investigated by using the standard mouse bioassay and a rapid invitro test for toxin detection. The patient, who consumed improperly stored hash brown potatoes that contained the preformed toxin, was diagnosed with type A botulism. C. botulinum type A toxin was detected in the hash brown potatoes as well as in the tryptone-peptone-glucose-yeast extract (TPGY) medium subcultures of this food using the mouse bioassay and an amplified ELISA technique. The mouse bioassay revealed preformed toxin at 10,000 minimum lethal dose (MLD)/g uncooked product and the amplified ELISA an equivalent 50,000 MLD/g. The cultural toxin from the uncooked product killed mice at the 10(6) dilution and a modification of the ELISA procedure was positive at the 10(3) dilution. Cooked food obtained from the consumer's waste can contained 100 MLD/g and the ELISA was also positive at the same dilution of the product. The culture of the cooked product obtained from the waste can was lethal for mice at the 10(7) dilution and positive using the modified ELISA at the 10(4) dilution. The unmodified amplified ELISA method indicated a toxin level of approximately 1 ng/mL (equivalent to 5 x 10(5) MLD/mL) in diluted culture fluid from the uncooked food and the culture of cooked food obtained from the waste can. The hash brown potatoes were negative for types B, E, and F preformed and cultural botulinal toxins using both assays. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Ferreira, J L AU - Eliasberg, S J AU - Harrison, M A AU - Edmonds, P AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA. PY - 2001 SP - 1460 EP - 1464 VL - 84 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - 0 KW - Botulinum Toxins, Type A KW - EC 3.4.24.69 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Reference Standards KW - Biological Assay KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Calibration KW - Mice KW - Solanum tuberosum -- chemistry KW - Botulinum Toxins, Type A -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72200358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Detection+of+preformed+type+A+botulinal+toxin+in+hash+brown+potatoes+by+using+the+mouse+bioasssay+and+a+modified+ELISA+test.&rft.au=Ferreira%2C+J+L%3BEliasberg%2C+S+J%3BHarrison%2C+M+A%3BEdmonds%2C+P&rft.aulast=Ferreira&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1460&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-05 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prediction of the shelf life of cellulose acetate hemodialyzers by Monte Carlo simulation. AN - 71219058; 11575830 AB - A previous investigation by our laboratory linked cellulose acetate degradation with adverse health effects in hemodialysis patients. To establish the accumulation of degradation products with time, a Monte Carlo model of degradation kinetics was developed. The model tracks changes in a population of molecules representative of the dialyzer membrane during the degradation process. The degradation calculation is a two step process: First, the model uses a random number to select an individual polymer molecule out of the population, and then a second random number is used to identify a site on the selected molecule for the degradation reaction to occur. After the reaction calculation, the resulting degraded molecules are redistributed into the population. The course of the reaction is determined by recalculating the molecular weight averages in the changing population as the calculations proceed. The model was validated using gel permeation chromatography molecular weight results and total acetyl content measurements on dialyzers stored up to 13.3 years after manufacture. It was found that the degradation reactions can be accurately modeled as random events and that the chain scissions and deacetylation events occur at constant rates. The shelf life of these devices was estimated using the model predictions and animal test results. JF - ASAIO journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992) AU - Hutter, J C AU - Long, M C AU - Luu, H M AU - Schroeder, L W AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. PY - 2001 SP - 522 EP - 527 VL - 47 IS - 5 SN - 1058-2916, 1058-2916 KW - Membranes, Artificial KW - 0 KW - acetylcellulose KW - 3J2P07GVB6 KW - Cellulose KW - 9004-34-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Stability KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Models, Chemical KW - Monte Carlo Method KW - Time Factors KW - Molecular Weight KW - Cellulose -- analogs & derivatives KW - Kidneys, Artificial -- adverse effects KW - Cellulose -- adverse effects KW - Cellulose -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71219058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ASAIO+journal+%28American+Society+for+Artificial+Internal+Organs+%3A+1992%29&rft.atitle=Prediction+of+the+shelf+life+of+cellulose+acetate+hemodialyzers+by+Monte+Carlo+simulation.&rft.au=Hutter%2C+J+C%3BLong%2C+M+C%3BLuu%2C+H+M%3BSchroeder%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Hutter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=522&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ASAIO+journal+%28American+Society+for+Artificial+Internal+Organs+%3A+1992%29&rft.issn=10582916&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-26 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Non-fatal occupational injuries and illnesses treated in hospital emergency departments in the United States. AN - 71197415; 11565966 AB - To estimate the number and rate of occupational injuries and illnesses treated in hospital emergency departments and to characterize the nature, event, and source of injury and illness. Twenty four hour emergency departments in hospitals in the United States. Surveillance for occupational injuries and illnesses was conducted in a national probability based sample of hospital emergency departments through the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). Worker demographics, nature of injury and disposition, and incident circumstances were abstracted from emergency department medical records, typically within 24-72 hours of treatment. Approximately 3.6 million occupational injuries and illnesses were treated in emergency departments in 1998. Younger workers, particularly males, continue to have the highest rates of work related injuries. Together, lacerations, punctures, amputations, and avulsions represented one fourth of the emergency department treated injuries, mostly to hand and fingers. Sprains and strains, largely to the trunk, also accounted for one fourth of the injuries. The three leading injury events were contact with objects, bodily reactions and exertions, and falls. Despite apparent decreases in rates, youth continue to have a high burden of injury in the workplace. However, three fourths of all emergency department treated injuries occur to workers 20-44 years of age. Emergency department surveillance is particularly amenable to capture of young worker injuries and provides a wealth of injury details to guide prevention efforts--efforts that will likely reduce occupational injuries as these workers age. Emergency department surveillance also provides injury estimates with few demographic or employer constraints, other than the medical venue used. JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Jackson, L L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. LLJackson@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - i21 EP - i26 VL - 7 Suppl 1 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Age Distribution KW - Population Surveillance KW - Registries KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Sex Distribution KW - Female KW - Male KW - Injury Severity Score KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Wounds and Injuries -- therapy KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Emergency Service, Hospital -- utilization KW - Occupational Diseases -- therapy KW - Wounds and Injuries -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71197415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Non-fatal+occupational+injuries+and+illnesses+treated+in+hospital+emergency+departments+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Jackson%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=7+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=i21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Occup Environ Med. 1999 Dec;41(12):1146-53 [10609237] J Occup Environ Med. 1998 Oct;40(10):870-5 [9800171] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Apr 27;50(16):313-7 [11465899] Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Surveill Summ. 1983 May;32(2):31SS-37SS [6621608] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1983 Nov 18;32(45):589-91 [6415394] J Occup Med. 1992 Aug;34(8):779-87 [1387158] Am J Public Health. 1994 Apr;84(4):657-60 [8154574] Am J Ind Med. 1995 Jun;27(6):793-805 [7645574] Am J Ind Med. 1995 Jul;28(1):1-21 [7573069] Am J Ind Med. 1996 Aug;30(2):130-41 [8844042] Arch Intern Med. 1997 Jul 28;157(14):1557-68 [9236557] J Occup Environ Med. 1997 Sep;39(9):855-65 [9322169] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1998 Apr 24;47(15):302-6 [9579966] Am J Ind Med. 1998 Aug;34(2):105-12 [9651619] Am J Ind Med. 2000 Aug;38(2):140-8 [10893507] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gene expression profile in BALB/c-3T3 cells transformed with beryllium sulfate. AN - 71195959; 11568973 AB - Differential gene expression was studied to understand the potential molecular mechanism responsible for cell transformation and tumorigenesis induced by beryllium. Cell lines were derived from tumors developed in nude mice injected subcutaneously with BALB/c-3T3 cells morphologically transformed with beryllium sulfate. Using the Atlas mouse 1.2 cDNA expression microarray, the expression profiles of 1176 genes, belonging to several different functional categories, were studied in the tumor cells as well as in the nontransformed control cells. Expression of 18 genes belonging to two functional groups was found to be consistently and reproducibly different (at least twofold) in the tumor cells compared with the control cells. The functional groups and the differentially expressed genes are as follows: The cancer-related genes (nine genes) were the ets-related transcription factor activated by ras, colony-stimulating factor, A-myb, sky, cot1, c-fos, c-jun, c-myc, and R-ras proto-oncogenes. The DNA synthesis, repair, and recombination genes (nine genes) were the DNA replication licensing factor MCM4, the DNA replication licensing factor MCM5, the DNA mismatch repair gene PMS2, the DNA excision repair gene, the DNA mismatch repair gene MSH2, the ultraviolet excision repair gene Rad23 DNA ligase 1, Rad51, and Rad52. The differential gene expression profile was confirmed with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using primers specific for the differentially expressed genes. In general, expression of the cancer-related genes was upregulated, while expression of genes involved in DNA synthesis, repair, and recombination was downregulated in the tumor cells compared with the control cells. Using c-fos and c-jun, two of the differentially expressed genes, as model genes, we have found that in the nontransformed BALB/c-3T3 cells, the beryllium-induced transcriptional activation of these genes was dependent on pathways of protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase and independent of reactive oxygen species. These results indicate that beryllium-induced cell transformation and tumorigenesis are accompanied by and are possibly a product of alterations in expression of genes related to cancer and to DNA synthesis, repair, and recombination. Copyright 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - Molecular carcinogenesis AU - Joseph, P AU - Muchnok, T AU - Ong, T AD - Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 28 EP - 35 VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 0899-1987, 0899-1987 KW - 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one KW - 0 KW - DNA, Neoplasm KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Flavonoids KW - Indoles KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - beryllium sulfate KW - 01UQ1KPC7E KW - Dactinomycin KW - 1CC1JFE158 KW - RNA KW - 63231-63-0 KW - Catalase KW - EC 1.11.1.6 KW - Superoxide Dismutase KW - EC 1.15.1.1 KW - Protein Kinase C KW - EC 2.7.11.13 KW - Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.17 KW - Beryllium KW - OW5102UV6N KW - Ro 31-8220 KW - W9A0B5E78O KW - Index Medicus KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis KW - 3T3 Cells -- drug effects KW - Gene Expression KW - Superoxide Dismutase -- metabolism KW - RNA -- analysis KW - Mice, Nude KW - DNA, Neoplasm -- analysis KW - Mice KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Catalase -- metabolism KW - Dactinomycin -- pharmacology KW - Gene Expression Profiling KW - Protein Kinase C -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - RNA -- isolation & purification KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Indoles -- pharmacology KW - Flavonoids -- pharmacology KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- metabolism KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins -- metabolism KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- chemically induced KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins -- genetics KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- genetics KW - Beryllium -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71195959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Gene+expression+profile+in+BALB%2Fc-3T3+cells+transformed+with+beryllium+sulfate.&rft.au=Joseph%2C+P%3BMuchnok%2C+T%3BOng%2C+T&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+carcinogenesis&rft.issn=08991987&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-05 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preventing tractor rollover fatalities: performance of the NIOSH autoROPS. AN - 71194113; 11565973 AB - Approximately 132 agricultural tractor overturn fatalities occur per year. The use of rollover protective structures (ROPS), along with seat belts, is the best known method for preventing these fatalities. One impediment to ROPS use, however, is low clearance situations, such as orchards and animal confinement buildings. To address the need for ROPS that are easily adapted to low clearance situations, the Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), developed an automatically deploying, telescoping ROPS (Auto-ROPS). The NIOSH AutoROPS consists of two subsystems. The first is a retractable ROPS that is normally latched in its lowered position for day-to-day use. The second subsystem is a sensor that monitors the operating angle of the tractor. Ifa rollover condition is detected by the sensor, the retracted ROPS will deploy and lock in the full upright position before ground contact. Static load testing and field upset tests of the NIOSH AutoROPS have been conducted in accordance with SAE standard J2194. Additionally, timed trials of the AutoROPS deployment mechanism were completed. The design of the retractable ROPS and sensor, as well as the results of the different testing phases are discussed. JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Powers, J R AU - Harris, J R AU - Etherton, J R AU - Ronaghi, M AU - Snyder, K A AU - Lutz, T J AU - Newbraugh, B H AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. JPowers@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - i54 EP - i58 VL - 7 Suppl 1 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Off-Road Motor Vehicles KW - Occupational Health KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Accident Prevention KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Survival Analysis KW - Risk Assessment KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Agriculture -- instrumentation KW - Protective Devices -- standards KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71194113?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Preventing+tractor+rollover+fatalities%3A+performance+of+the+NIOSH+autoROPS.&rft.au=Powers%2C+J+R%3BHarris%2C+J+R%3BEtherton%2C+J+R%3BRonaghi%2C+M%3BSnyder%2C+K+A%3BLutz%2C+T+J%3BNewbraugh%2C+B+H&rft.aulast=Powers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=7+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=i54&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Agric Saf Health. 2000 Aug;6(3):215-25 [11202115] Am J Prev Med. 2000 May;18(4 Suppl):63-9 [10793282] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Height, surface firmness, and visual reference effects on balance control. AN - 71194081; 11565972 AB - To investigate the effects of height, surface firmness, and visual reference on standing balance in construction workers. Controlled laboratory study with balanced repeated measures. Twenty four construction workers. Test subjects performed standing tasks at ground level as well as at 3 m and 9 m high balconies on firm or deformable surfaces with close visual references included or excluded from their visual field. Standing balance was determined from center of pressure as measured by a force platform. Dependent variables were root mean square of sway in medial-lateral and anterior-posterior directions, area of sway, and velocity of sway. Heights without close visual references significantly increased all sway parameters. The effect of height in conditions without close visual references increased dramatically on deformable surfaces. Elevated work environments and deformable work surfaces negatively affect balance and may be associated with increased risk of fall incidents. Appropriate close visual references increase the ability to maintain balance. JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Simeonov, P AU - Hsiao, H AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. psimeonov@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - i50 EP - i53 VL - 7 Suppl 1 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - Probability KW - Occupational Health KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Facility Design and Construction KW - Visual Acuity KW - Male KW - Surface Properties KW - Visual Perception -- physiology KW - Postural Balance -- physiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Accidental Falls -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Psychomotor Performance -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71194081?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Height%2C+surface+firmness%2C+and+visual+reference+effects+on+balance+control.&rft.au=Simeonov%2C+P%3BHsiao%2C+H&rft.aulast=Simeonov&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=7+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=i50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Prog Brain Res. 1988;76:253-62 [3064150] N Engl J Med. 1989 Apr 20;320(16):1055-9 [2648154] Am J Ind Med. 1997 Dec;32(6):647-55 [9358922] Brain. 1984 Dec;107 ( Pt 4):1143-63 [6509312] Acta Otolaryngol. 1980 May-Jun;89(5-6):513-23 [6969515] Acta Otolaryngol. 1980 May-Jun;89(5-6):534-40 [6969517] J Am Geriatr Soc. 1998 Nov;46(11):1363-70 [9809757] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fire incidents involving regulators used in portable oxygen systems. AN - 71193972; 11565969 AB - To address the causes and prevention of fire incidents involving aluminum bodied oxygen regulators used by firefighters or emergency medical technicians. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the United States Food and Drug Administration, and an independent forensic investigator examined several incidents involving injury to firefighters and emergency medical technicians to determine why regulators in these incidents flashed. Data and test results from investigations revealed that aluminum was a contributing factor, and there were a number of safe handling techniques which firefighters and emergency medical technicians could use to reduce the risk of regulator fires. A provisional test method was proposed by the American Society for Testing and materials (ASTM) in late 2000 to identify designs that would have a propensity for flashing. Results of the test method show good correlation with actual fire incidents. Development of the ASTM standard and associated testing will be helpful to oxygen regulator designers to design safer oxygen regulator systems. As well, there are a number of additional safe handling procedures that firefighters and emergency medical technicians can follow to reduce the risk of a regulator fire. JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Washenitz, F AU - Stoltzfus, J AU - Newton, B AU - Kubinski, L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. fbw0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - i34 EP - i37 VL - 7 Suppl 1 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Occupational Health KW - Equipment Design KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Male KW - Female KW - Emergency Medical Technicians KW - Risk Assessment KW - Emergency Medical Services KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Oxygen Inhalation Therapy -- instrumentation KW - Fires -- prevention & control KW - Burns -- prevention & control KW - Burns -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71193972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Fire+incidents+involving+regulators+used+in+portable+oxygen+systems.&rft.au=Washenitz%2C+F%3BStoltzfus%2C+J%3BNewton%2C+B%3BKubinski%2C+L&rft.aulast=Washenitz&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=7+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=i34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation program's role in the prevention of occupational fatalities. AN - 71193927; 11565967 AB - The objective of the Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation (FACE) program is to prevent traumatic occupational fatalities in the United States by identifying and investigating work situations at high risk for injury and formulating and disseminating prevention strategies to those who can intervene in the workplace. The FACE program is a research program located in the Division of Safety Research, a division of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). NIOSH is an agency of the United States government and is part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NIOSH is responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for prevention of work related illnesses and injuries. FACE investigators conduct traumatic occupational fatality investigations throughout the United States and provide technical assistance to 15 state health or labor departments who have cooperative agreements with NIOSH to conduct traumatic fatality surveillance, targeted investigations, and prevention activities at the state level. Investigations are conducted at the worksite using the FACE model, an approach derived from the research conducted by William Haddon Jr. This approach reflects the public health perspective that the etiology of injuries is multifactorial and largely preventable. FACE investigators gather information on multiple factors that may have contributed to traumatic occupational fatalities. Information on factors associated with the agent (energy exchange, for example, thermal energy, mechanical energy, electrical energy, chemical energy), host (worker who died), and the environment (the physical and social aspects of the workplace), during the pre-event, event, and post-event time phases of the fatal incident are collected and analyzed. Organizational, behavioral, and environmental factors contributing to the death are detailed and prevention recommendations formulated and disseminated to help prevent future incidents of a similar nature. Between 1982 and the present, more than 1,500 fatality investigations have been conducted and reports with prevention recommendations distributed. Findings have been published in scientific and trade journals; safety professionals and policy makers have used FACE findings for prevention efforts; and working partnerships have been formed to address newly emerging safety concerns. FACE investigations identify multiple factors contributing to fatal occupational injuries, which lead to the formulation and dissemination of diverse strategies for preventing deaths of a similar nature. JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Higgins, D N AU - Casini, V J AU - Bost, P AU - Johnson, W AU - Rautiainen, R AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. dyh4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - i27 EP - i33 VL - 7 Suppl 1 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Program Development KW - Program Evaluation KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Male KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Injury Severity Score KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Primary Prevention -- organization & administration KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality KW - Cause of Death UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71193927?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=The+Fatality+Assessment+and+Control+Evaluation+program%27s+role+in+the+prevention+of+occupational+fatalities.&rft.au=Higgins%2C+D+N%3BCasini%2C+V+J%3BBost%2C+P%3BJohnson%2C+W%3BRautiainen%2C+R&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=7+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=i27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Wis Med J. 1992 Jan;91(1):43-6 [1580075] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1992;18 Suppl 2:55-7 [1514087] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1993 May 7;42(17):325-9 [8479416] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1996 Jul 26;45(29):624-8 [8965789] Occup Med. 1996 Apr-Jun;11(2):243-55 [8936254] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1992 Mar 20;41(11):187-9 [1542293] J Occup Environ Med. 2000 Feb;42(2):156-62 [10693076] Am J Ind Med. 2001 Feb;39(2):203-8 [11170162] Am J Public Health Nations Health. 1968 Aug;58(8):1431-8 [5691377] Am J Public Health. 1991 Jun;81(6):766-8 [2029052] Minn Med. 1997 Aug;80(8):29-32 [9265823] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The H89 cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor blocks Plasmodium falciparum development in infected erythrocytes. AN - 71177830; 11559352 AB - In Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of human malaria, the catalytic subunit gene of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (Pfpka-c) exists as a single copy. Interestingly, its expression appears developmentally regulated, being at higher levels in the pathogenic asexual stages than in the sexual forms of parasite that are responsible for transmission to the mosquito vector. Within asexual parasites, PfPKA activity can be readily detected in schizonts. Similar to endogenous PKA activity of noninfected red blood cells, the parasite enzyme can be stimulated by cAMP and inhibited by protein kinase inhibitor.Importantly, ex vivo treatment of infected erythrocytes with the classical PKA-C inhibitor H89 leads to a block in parasite growth. This suggests that the PKA activities of infected red blood cells are essential for parasite multiplication. Finally, structural considerations suggest that drugs targeting the parasite, rather than the erythrocyte enzyme, might be developed that could help in the fight against malaria. JF - European journal of biochemistry AU - Syin, C AU - Parzy, D AU - Traincard, F AU - Boccaccio, I AU - Joshi, M B AU - Lin, D T AU - Yang, X M AU - Assemat, K AU - Doerig, C AU - Langsley, G AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 4842 EP - 4849 VL - 268 IS - 18 SN - 0014-2956, 0014-2956 KW - Antimalarials KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Isoquinolines KW - Protein Subunits KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Sulfonamides KW - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.11 KW - N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide KW - M876330O56 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Models, Molecular KW - Humans KW - Catalytic Domain KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - Drug Design KW - Antimalarials -- pharmacology KW - Blotting, Western KW - Sequence Alignment KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Inhibitory Concentration 50 KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental KW - Protein Conformation KW - Plasmodium falciparum -- enzymology KW - Erythrocytes -- parasitology KW - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases -- metabolism KW - Isoquinolines -- pharmacology KW - Erythrocytes -- drug effects KW - Plasmodium falciparum -- growth & development KW - Plasmodium falciparum -- genetics KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases -- genetics KW - Plasmodium falciparum -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71177830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+journal+of+biochemistry&rft.atitle=The+H89+cAMP-dependent+protein+kinase+inhibitor+blocks+Plasmodium+falciparum+development+in+infected+erythrocytes.&rft.au=Syin%2C+C%3BParzy%2C+D%3BTraincard%2C+F%3BBoccaccio%2C+I%3BJoshi%2C+M+B%3BLin%2C+D+T%3BYang%2C+X+M%3BAssemat%2C+K%3BDoerig%2C+C%3BLangsley%2C+G&rft.aulast=Syin&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=4842&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+journal+of+biochemistry&rft.issn=00142956&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-11-01 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biotransformation of malachite green by the fungus Cunninghamella elegans. AN - 71124692; 11526047 AB - The filamentous fungus Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 36112 metabolized the triphenylmethane dye malachite green with a first-order rate constant of 0.029 micromol x h(-1) (mg of cells)(-1). Malachite green was enzymatically reduced to leucomalachite green and also converted to N-demethylated and N-oxidized metabolites, including primary and secondary arylamines. Inhibition studies suggested that the cytochrome P450 system mediated both the reduction and the N-demethylation reactions. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Cha, C J AU - Doerge, D R AU - Cerniglia, C E AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 4358 EP - 4360 VL - 67 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Coloring Agents KW - 0 KW - Culture Media KW - Rosaniline Dyes KW - malachite green KW - 12058M7ORO KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Rosaniline Dyes -- chemistry KW - Rosaniline Dyes -- metabolism KW - Coloring Agents -- metabolism KW - Coloring Agents -- chemistry KW - Cunninghamella -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71124692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Biotransformation+of+malachite+green+by+the+fungus+Cunninghamella+elegans.&rft.au=Cha%2C+C+J%3BDoerge%2C+D+R%3BCerniglia%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Cha&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4358&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Toxicol Lett. 1995 Nov 15;81(2-3):107-13 [8553364] Carcinogenesis. 1991 May;12(5):839-45 [1674233] Chem Biol Interact. 1996 Oct 21;102(2):79-92 [8950223] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997 Oct;63(10):4099-101 [9327576] J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 1997 Nov-Dec;19(5-6):324-33 [9451829] Enzyme Microb Technol. 1998 Feb 15;22(3):185-91 [9463944] Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 1998;12(21):1625-34 [9807836] Curr Med Chem. 1999 May;6(5):359-74 [10101217] Br J Ind Med. 1954 Jul;11(3):213-6 [13182161] Xenobiotica. 1995 Nov;25(10):1081-92 [8578764] Chem Biol Interact. 1999 Nov 1;122(3):153-70 [10682936] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Aug;66(8):3646-9 [10919836] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1978 Feb;186(1):121-7 [24420] Mol Pharmacol. 1982 Sep;22(2):239-42 [6292686] Drug Metab Dispos. 1984 May-Jun;12(3):330-6 [6145560] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1985 Oct;5(5):902-12 [4065463] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 May;54(5):1143-50 [3389809] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Mar;62(3):798-803 [8975609] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of dietary antioxidants on the mutagenicity of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and bleomycin in female rats. AN - 71092254; 11506810 AB - Studies on agents that modulate carcinogen-induced genotoxic effects in experimental animals provide end points that can be used for assessing the antimutagenic or anticarcinogenic properties of putative chemopreventive compounds and for predicting their protective efficacy in humans. In this study, we investigated the ability of the dietary antioxidant Vitamins C, E, beta-carotene and the mineral selenium to inhibit the mutant frequency (MF) induced by treatment of rats with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), a mammary carcinogen and bleomycin (BLM), an anti-tumor agent that can damage DNA by free radical mechanisms. Both chemicals have been previously shown to be mutagenic in the rat lymphocyte Hprt assay. Adult female Fischer 344 rats were given the antioxidants singly or in a combination 2 weeks prior to mutagen treatment. Antioxidant intake continued for an additional 4 weeks post-mutagen treatment. At sacrifice, spleens were aseptically removed for the isolation of lymphocytes to conduct the mutagenesis assay at the Hprt locus. The DMBA and BLM treatment induced a marked increase in MF, 52.8 x 10(-6) and 19.2 x 10(-6), respectively, over the controls. The MFs seen in the individual antioxidants alone (single or mixture) were relatively similar to the controls, with the exception of Vitamins C and E, that had 1.7- and 1.5-fold increase, respectively. The degree of inhibitory response was dependent on the type of mutagen and the particular antioxidant. BLM/antioxidant combination had inhibitions ranging from 44 to 80%, while DMBA/antioxidant system ranged from 60 to 93%, with Vitamins C and E achieving the highest inhibition in both systems. The mixture displayed low inhibitory responses, 44.6% for BLM/mix and 47% DMBA/mix. On the whole, the results indicate that the dietary constituents tested are antimutagenic; however, because of the gradations seen with the responses, the protective efficacy of these antioxidants may depend on the type of mutagen/carcinogen they encounter. Pending molecular analysis of mitochondrial DNA mutations will also indicate whether there is a shift in the mutational spectra produced by the carcinogens in the presence of antioxidants. JF - Mutation research AU - Khaidakov, M AU - Bishop, M E AU - Manjanatha, M G AU - Lyn-Cook, L E AU - Desai, V G AU - Chen, J J AU - Aidoo, A AD - Division of Genetic & Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA Jefferson Laboratories, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2001/09/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Sep 01 SP - 163 EP - 170 VL - 480-481 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - beta Carotene KW - 01YAE03M7J KW - Bleomycin KW - 11056-06-7 KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutation -- drug effects KW - Administration, Oral KW - Clone Cells KW - Animals KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Spleen -- cytology KW - beta Carotene -- pharmacology KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - Selenium -- pharmacology KW - Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Ascorbic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Vitamin E -- pharmacology KW - Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene -- toxicity KW - Bleomycin -- toxicity KW - Dietary Supplements KW - Antioxidants -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71092254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Influence+of+dietary+antioxidants+on+the+mutagenicity+of+7%2C12-dimethylbenz%5Ba%5Danthracene+and+bleomycin+in+female+rats.&rft.au=Khaidakov%2C+M%3BBishop%2C+M+E%3BManjanatha%2C+M+G%3BLyn-Cook%2C+L+E%3BDesai%2C+V+G%3BChen%2C+J+J%3BAidoo%2C+A&rft.aulast=Khaidakov&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=480-481&rft.issue=&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-09-20 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The Registered Nurse Population, March 2000. Findings from the National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses. AN - 62189868; ED471274 AB - The characteristics, education, employment patterns, salaries, job satisfaction, and other characteristics of registered nurses (RNs) across the United States were examined in a national survey. Of the initial sample of approximately 54,000 of the nation's more than 3,066,000 licensed RNs, 35,579 RNs (72%) submitted usable responses. From 1980 to 2000, the RN population increased by more than 1 million with 1996-2000 marking the slowest growth in the RN population during the 20-year period. The percentage of nurses receiving their basic education in diploma programs decreased from 60% to 30%, with the percentage completing associate degree programs increasing from 19% to 40%. Hospitals remained the major employer of nurses although the number of nurses employed in other sectors--especially public and community health, ambulatory care, and other noninstitutional settings--increased. In 1980-2000, full- time RNs actual annual salaries increased from $17,398 to $46,782, whereas their real salaries increased from $17,398 to $23,103. Across the entire sample, just two-thirds of the RNs reported being satisfied with their current position. (Chapter 1 presents information about early RN studies, development of the present study's methodology, the sample of RNs for the present study, and 15 references. Appendixes constituting approximately 80% of the document contain 48 tables, a description of the survey methodology, and the survey questionnaire.) (MN) AU - Spratley, Ernell AU - Johnson, Ayah AU - Sochalski, Julie AU - Fritz, Marshall AU - Spencer, William Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 130 PB - Health Resources and Services Administration, Information Center, P.O. Box 2910, Merrifield, VA 22116 (free). Tel: 888-275-4772 (Ask-HRSA) (Toll Free); TTY: 877-489-4772; Fax: 703-821-2098; e-mail: ask@hrsa.gov; Web site: http://www.ask.hrsa.gov. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Administrators KW - Two Year Colleges KW - Age KW - Job Satisfaction KW - Individual Characteristics KW - Research Projects KW - Nurses KW - Professional Development KW - Higher Education KW - National Surveys KW - Educational Attainment KW - Professional Continuing Education KW - Occupational Surveys KW - Demography KW - Work Experience KW - Minority Groups KW - Colleges KW - Nursing Education KW - Salary Wage Differentials KW - Employment Patterns KW - Work Environment KW - Trend Analysis KW - Sex KW - Prior Learning KW - Education Work Relationship KW - Questionnaires KW - Geographic Distribution KW - Race KW - Associate Degrees KW - Bachelors Degrees KW - Social Science Research KW - Family Status KW - Nursing Research KW - Tables (Data) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62189868?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using the coal mine roof rating (CMRR) to assess roof stability in U. S. coal mines AN - 52094681; 2002-047435 AB - The stability of any underground opening is, in large part, a function of the strength of the rock mass which surrounds it. The Coal Mine Roof Rating (CMRR) has been developed to quantify the defects in the rock mass and compile a strength value which can be used for engineering design. The CMRR has been applied to a number of ground stability problems, including chain pillar design, roof bolt selection, hazard assessment, intersection design, and numerical modeling. The CMRR procedure and some of these applications are described in this paper. The CMRR will soon be available in a Visual Basic computer program, allowing easy integration into exploration programs and standard roof fall assessments. JF - Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels AU - Molinda, Gregory M AU - Mark, Christopher AU - Debasis, D Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 314 EP - 321 PB - Books and Journals Private, Calcutta VL - 49 IS - 8-9 SN - 0022-2755, 0022-2755 KW - United States KW - rock masses KW - mining KW - mines KW - Illinois Basin KW - geologic hazards KW - underground mining KW - strength KW - roof control KW - regulations KW - data processing KW - rock mechanics KW - computer programs KW - sedimentary rocks KW - safety KW - longwall mining KW - coal KW - tunnels KW - room-and-pillar mining KW - design KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52094681?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mines%2C+Metals+and+Fuels&rft.atitle=Using+the+coal+mine+roof+rating+%28CMRR%29+to+assess+roof+stability+in+U.+S.+coal+mines&rft.au=Molinda%2C+Gregory+M%3BMark%2C+Christopher%3BDebasis%2C+D&rft.aulast=Molinda&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=8-9&rft.spage=314&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mines%2C+Metals+and+Fuels&rft.issn=00222755&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sects., sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JMMFAM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - coal; computer programs; data processing; design; geologic hazards; Illinois Basin; longwall mining; mines; mining; regulations; rock masses; rock mechanics; roof control; room-and-pillar mining; safety; sedimentary rocks; strength; tunnels; underground mining; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk Assessment for 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) based on an Epidemiologic Study AN - 18498439; 5462816 AB - The International Agency for Research on Cancer (Lyon, France) recently concluded that 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a human carcinogen. There have been few human studies and risk assessments with quantitative exposure data. The authors previously conducted exposure-response analyses based on estimated external TCDD exposure for 3,538 US male chemical workers and found a positive trend for all cancer with increasing cumulative exposure. In the present study, 1988 data from 170 workers with both estimated external exposure and known serum TCDD levels were used to derive the relation between the two. This derived relation was used to estimate serum TCDD levels over time for all 3,538 workers, and new dose-response analyses were conducted by using cumulative serum level. A positive trend (p = 0.003) was found between estimated log cumulative TCDD serum level and cancer mortality. For males, the excess lifetime (75 years) risk of dying of cancer given a TCDD intake of 1.0 pg/kg of body weight per day, twice the background intake, was an estimated 0.05-0.9% above a background lifetime risk of cancer death of 12.4%. Data from this cohort are consistent with another epidemiologic risk assessment from Germany and support recent conclusions by the US Environmental Protection Agency. JF - American Journal of Epidemiology AU - Steenland, K AU - Deddens, J AU - Piacitelli, L AD - Robert A. Taft Laboratories, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 2001/09/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Sep 01 SP - 451 EP - 458 VL - 154 IS - 5 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - epidemiology KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18498439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Risk+Assessment+for+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin+%28TCDD%29+based+on+an+Epidemiologic+Study&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BDeddens%2C+J%3BPiacitelli%2C+L&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=451&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Role of Stachybotrys Mycotoxins in Building-Related Illness AN - 18256547; 5312163 AB - Recently there has been increased attention among both the public and health professionals regarding the potential role of mycotoxins, primarily from fungi of the genus Stachybotrys, as etiologic agents related to illness among persons exposed in the indoor (nonindustrial) environment. Recommendations for the remediation of buildings are being made based in part on reported health effects believed to be due to mycotoxins. A search of NIOSHTIC (a literature database maintained by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) and MEDLINE (from 1965 to present) for literature related to fungi, mycotoxins, and the indoor environment was conducted. References from relevant articles also were reviewed. This strategy yielded a total of 13 articles. Important issues concerning exposure assessment and case definitions are inadequately addressed in the literature reviewed, making it difficult to implicate mycotoxins as a cause of building-related illness. The literature review indicates that currently there is inadequate evidence supporting a causal relationship between symptoms or illness among building occupants and exposure to mycotoxins. Research involving the identification and isolation of specific fungal toxins in the environment and in humans is needed before a more definitive link between health outcomes and mycotoxins can be made. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Page, E H AU - Trout, D B AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS R-10, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA, edp7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 644 EP - 648 VL - 62 IS - 5 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Sick building syndrome KW - Air quality KW - Fungi KW - Buildings KW - Mycotoxins KW - Stachybotrys KW - Indoor environments KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18256547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Stachybotrys+Mycotoxins+in+Building-Related+Illness&rft.au=Page%2C+E+H%3BTrout%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Page&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=644&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Stachybotrys; Fungi; Mycotoxins; Indoor environments; Sick building syndrome; Air quality; Buildings ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aging increases the susceptiblity to methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in rats: correlation with peroxynitrite production and hyperthermia AN - 18187120; 5213582 AB - Methamphetamine (METH) produces dopaminergic neurotoxicity by the production of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species. The role of free radicals has also been implicated in the process of aging. The present study was designed to evaluate whether METH-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity and hyperthermia is a result of peroxynitrite production and if these effects correlate with age. One-, six- and 12-month-old male rats (n = 8) were administered a single dose of METH (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). The formation of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) as a marker of peroxynitrite production as well as dopamine and its metabolites DOPAC and HVA were measured in the striatum 4-h after METH-administration. Rectal temperature was monitored every 30 min after METH administration until 4 h. At 40 mg/kg METH, a 100% mortality in 12-month-old animals was observed, whereas no deaths occurred in 1- or 6-month-old rats. An age-dependent increase in hyperthermia was observed after METH-administration. A similar pattern of dose-dependent increase in the formation of 3-NT and in the depletion of dopamine and its metabolites with age was observed in the striatum. Furthermore, no effect was observed at 5 mg/kg METH in 1-month-old animals, whereas the effect was significant in 6- and 12-month-old animals. These data suggest that aging increases the susceptibility of the animals toward METH-induced peroxynitrite generation and striatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity. JF - Journal of Neurochemistry AU - Imam, S Z AU - Ali, S F AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, HFT-132, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, sali@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 952 EP - 959 VL - 78 IS - 5 SN - 0022-3042, 0022-3042 KW - rats KW - reactive nitrogen species KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Hyperthermia KW - Peroxynitrite KW - Free radicals KW - Aging KW - Methamphetamine KW - Dopamine KW - Reactive oxygen species KW - Neurotoxicity KW - N3 11054:Mammals (except primates) KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18187120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Neurochemistry&rft.atitle=Aging+increases+the+susceptiblity+to+methamphetamine-induced+dopaminergic+neurotoxicity+in+rats%3A+correlation+with+peroxynitrite+production+and+hyperthermia&rft.au=Imam%2C+S+Z%3BAli%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Imam&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=952&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Neurochemistry&rft.issn=00223042&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dopamine; Neurotoxicity; Aging; Peroxynitrite; Hyperthermia; Reactive oxygen species; Methamphetamine; Free radicals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A low molecular weight factor is a significant mediator of non-opsonic neutrophil activation by Helicobacter pylori AN - 18104945; 5185328 AB - Helicobacter pylori is believed to trigger neutrophil activation through several factors, including the H. pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HpNAP). The aim of this study was to characterise the factors within H. pylori cell-free extracts that stimulate neutrophil activation. Neutrophil activation was found to be dose-dependent and exhibited considerable variation between different clinical isolates. Activity was attributable to more than one protein factor. A low mol. wt fraction of <3 kDa was found to contribute a large proportion of the neutrophil-stimulating activity within H. pylori cell-free extract. Additional activity was provided by a high mol. wt fraction, possibly representing HpNAP. An inhibition ELISA and neutralisation experiments failed to identify or exclude formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine as the active factor within the low mol. wt fraction. The importance of the putative, low mol. wt neutrophil-activating factor may have been overlooked by those studies that have used concentrated H. pylori extracts. JF - Journal of Medical Microbiology AU - Leakey, A AU - Hirst, R AU - La Brooy, J AD - Laboratory of Respiratory and Special Pathogens Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, MD 20892, USA, alisonleakey@hotmail.com Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 787 EP - 794 VL - 50 IS - 9 SN - 0022-2615, 0022-2615 KW - activation factors KW - N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe KW - neutrophil-activating protein KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Helicobacter pylori KW - Immune response (cell-mediated) KW - Leukocytes (neutrophilic) KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18104945?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+low+molecular+weight+factor+is+a+significant+mediator+of+non-opsonic+neutrophil+activation+by+Helicobacter+pylori&rft.au=Leakey%2C+A%3BHirst%2C+R%3BLa+Brooy%2C+J&rft.aulast=Leakey&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=787&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00222615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helicobacter pylori; Immune response (cell-mediated); Leukocytes (neutrophilic) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Safety and Health of Emergency Workers AN - 18100410; 5200525 AB - Emergency personnel, like all workers, carry out their duties within an environment composed of a set of discrete elements. First, there is the emergency itself. Whether a forest fire in France, a tornado in the American Midwest, or a mining disaster in Russia, the emergency imposes certain exigencies upon the responders. Second, a social structure exists with specific social units, rules, and forms of association. An emergency response, therefore, takes place within a context of prescribed behaviors, expectations, and value judgments that are sometimes in conflict with each other. Third, there is a technology that must be understood in order to accomplish group goals. If the technology itself is implicated in the emergency, the entire emergency environment may be impacted. Clearly, a breakdown in any of these elements could result in worker injury and might heighten responder stress. This paper discusses how emergency workers not only get injured but may come to experience burn-out, post-traumatic stress syndrome, or impaired work and family relationships, even though their normal work setting (the emergency) is expected to be 'abnormal'. The authors suggest areas in each of the three environmental elements that deserve further inquiry. JF - Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management AU - Kowalski, K M AU - Vaught, C AD - Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Office for Mine Safety and Health Research, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA, 15236-0070, United States, kek2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 138 EP - 143 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 0966-0879, 0966-0879 KW - emergency medical services KW - working conditions KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Accidents KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Medical personnel KW - Occupational health KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18100410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contingencies+and+Crisis+Management&rft.atitle=The+Safety+and+Health+of+Emergency+Workers&rft.au=Kowalski%2C+K+M%3BVaught%2C+C&rft.aulast=Kowalski&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Contingencies+and+Crisis+Management&rft.issn=09660879&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational safety; Occupational health; Injuries; Accidents; Medical personnel ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ontogeny of Th1 Memory Responses against a Brucella abortus Conjugate AN - 18076571; 5157402 AB - Protective immune responses to intracellular pathogens such as Brucella abortus are characteristically Th1-like. Recently we demonstrated that heat-killed B. abortus (HKBa), a strong Th1 stimulus, conjugated to ovalbumin (HKBA-OVA), but not B. abortus alone, can alter the antigen-specific cytokine profile from Th2- to Th1-like. In this report we study the ability of a single injection of B. abortus to switch a Th2 to a Th1 response in immature mice. One-day- and 1-week-old mice were given a single injection of B. abortus in the absence or presence of OVA, and at maturity mice were challenged with an allergenic preparation, OVA with alum (OVA-A). B. abortus given without OVA did not diminish the subsequent Th2 response in either age group. In contrast, mice receiving a single injection of B. abortus-OVA at the age of 1 week, but not those injected at the age of 1 day, had reversal of the ratio of OVA-specific Th1 to Th2 cells and decreased immunoglobulin E levels after allergen challenge as adults. Within 6 h both 1-day- and 1-week-old mice expressed interleukin-12 p40 mRNA following either B. abortus or B. abortus-OVA administration. However, only the 1-week-old mice exhibited increased expression of gamma interferon (IFN- gamma ) mRNA. The absence of the early IFN- gamma response in 1-day-old mice may explain their inability to generate a Th1 memory response. These results suggest that at early stages of immune development, responses to intracellular bacteria may be Th2- rather than Th1-like. Furthermore, they suggest that the first encounter with antigen evokes either a Th1- or a Th2-like response which becomes imprinted, so that subsequent memory responses conform to the original Th bias. This has implications for protection against infectious agents and development of allergic responses. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Scharf, O AU - Agranovich, I AU - Lee, K AU - Eller, N L AU - Levy, L AU - Inman, J AU - Scott, DE AU - Golding, B AD - CBER/FDA Bldg. 29, Rm. 232, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD 20892., golding@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 5417 EP - 5422 VL - 69 IS - 9 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - mice KW - ovalbumin KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Helper cells KW - Memory cells KW - Interleukin 12 KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Ontogeny KW - Brucella abortus KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - F 06756:Function UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18076571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Ontogeny+of+Th1+Memory+Responses+against+a+Brucella+abortus+Conjugate&rft.au=Scharf%2C+O%3BAgranovich%2C+I%3BLee%2C+K%3BEller%2C+N+L%3BLevy%2C+L%3BInman%2C+J%3BScott%2C+DE%3BGolding%2C+B&rft.aulast=Scharf&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=5417&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.69.9.5417-5422.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; Helper cells; Lymphocytes T; Memory cells; Ontogeny; Interleukin 12 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.69.9.5417-5422.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative Immune Response to PE and PE_PGRS Antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis AN - 18076163; 5157433 AB - Sequencing of the entire genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis identified a novel multigene family composed of two closely related subfamilies designated PE and PE_PGRS. The major difference between these two families is the presence of a domain containing numerous Gly-Ala repeats extending to the C terminus of the PE_PGRS genes. We have used a representative PE_PGRS gene from M. tuberculosis, Rv1818c (1818 super(PE_PGRS)), and its amino-terminal PE region (1818 super(PE)), to investigate the immunological response to these proteins during experimental tuberculosis and following immunization with DNA constructs. During infection of mice with M. tuberculosis, a significant humoral immune response was observed against recombinant 1818 super(PE_PGRS) but not toward the 1818 super(PE) protein. Similarly, immunization with a 1818 super(PE_PGRS) DNA construct induced antibodies directed against 1818 super(PE_PGRS) but not against 1818 super(PE) proteins, and no humoral response was induced by 1818 super(PE) DNA. These results suggest that certain PE_PGRS genes are expressed during infection of the host with M. tuberculosis and that an antibody response is directed solely against the Gly-Ala-rich PGRS domain. Conversely, splenocytes from 1818 super(PE)-vaccinated mice but not mice immunized with 1818 super(PE_PGRS) secreted gamma interferon following in vitro restimulation and demonstrated protection in the mouse tuberculosis challenge model. These results suggest that the PE vaccine can elicit an effective cellular immune response and that immune recognition of the PE antigen is influenced by the Gly-Ala-rich PGRS domain. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Delogu, G AU - Brennan, MJ AD - CBER/FDA, Bldg. 29, Rm. 502, 29 Lincoln Dr. (HFM-431), Bethesda, MD 20892., Brennan@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 5606 EP - 5611 VL - 69 IS - 9 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - PE PGRS antigen KW - PE antigen KW - PE_PGRS antigen KW - double prime PE PGRS antigen KW - double prime PE antigen KW - gamma -Interferon KW - Genetics Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - ^g-Interferon KW - g-Interferon KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Antibody response KW - Gene families KW - DNA vaccines KW - Vaccines KW - Immune response (humoral) KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18076163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Comparative+Immune+Response+to+PE+and+PE_PGRS+Antigens+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis&rft.au=Delogu%2C+G%3BBrennan%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Delogu&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=5606&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.69.9.5606-5611.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Gene families; Immune response (humoral); g-Interferon; Nucleotide sequence; ^g-Interferon; Vaccines; DNA vaccines; Antibody response DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.69.9.5606-5611.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Requirements for facilities transferring or receiving select agents. Final rule. AN - 72331522; 11757572 AB - CDC administers regulations that govern the transfer of certain biological agents and toxins ("select agents"). These regulations require entities that transfer or receive select agents to register with CDC and comply with biosafety standards contained in the Third Edition of the CDC/NIH publication "Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories ("BMBL")." On October 28,1999, CDC published a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking ("NPRM") seeking both to revise the biosafety standards facilities must follow when handling select agents and to provide new biosecurity standards for such facilities. These new standards are contained in the Fourth Edition of BMBL, which the NPRM proposed to incorporate by reference, thereby replacing the Third Edition. No comments were received in response to this proposal. CDC is therefore amending its regulations to incorporate the Fourth Edition. JF - Federal register AU - Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) AD - Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Y1 - 2001/08/31/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Aug 31 SP - 45944 EP - 45945 VL - 66 IS - 170 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Toxins, Biological KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Commerce -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Hazardous Substances -- standards KW - Laboratories -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Laboratories -- standards KW - Commerce -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72331522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Requirements+for+facilities+transferring+or+receiving+select+agents.+Final+rule.&rft.au=Center+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29%2C+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services+%28HHS%29&rft.aulast=Center+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services&rft.date=2001-08-31&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=170&rft.spage=45944&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-28 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Post-initiation treatment of Indole-3-carbinol did not suppress N-methyl-N-nitrosourea induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats. AN - 70956932; 11431103 AB - The consumption of cruciferous vegetables (the Family of Cruciferae) such as cabbage, broccoli and Brussels sprouts has been shown to have cancer chemopreventive effects in humans and experimental animals. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), one component of cruciferous vegetables, has been shown to exert cancer chemopreventive influence in liver, colon, and mammary tissue when given before or concurrent with exposure to a carcinogen. However in some reports, there has been evidence that consumption of I3C after carcinogen treatment might be associated with tumor promotion in some tissues. There have been no reports, to our knowledge, of post-initiation effects of I3C in the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mammary tumor model in rats. Our studies were performed to examine this question. Ninety-six, 4-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups. The animals of groups 1, 2 and 3 received an intraperitoneal injection of MNU at the age of 50 days. The animals of groups 4 and 5 were injected with saline only at the same time. Animals of groups 1 and 2 were given diet containing 100 ppm and 300 ppm I3C from week 1 until week 25 after MNU treatment. The animals of group 4 were given basal diet containing 300 ppm I3C without MNU treatment. All animals were killed at week 25. The incidences of mammary tumors in the groups 1, 2 and 3 were 95.8% (23/24), 83.3% (20/24) and 82.4% (28/34), respectively. The average number of tumors in the tumor bearing rats of the MNU and I3C 300 ppm group (group 2; 3.85+/-0.63) was higher than that in the MNU alone group (group 3; 2.46+/-0.31). These results represented that exposure to I3C after carcinogen treatment did not suppress development of mammary tumors. JF - Cancer letters AU - Kang, J S AU - Kim, D J AU - Ahn, B AU - Nam, K T AU - Kim, K S AU - Choi, M AU - Jang, D D AD - Department of Pathology, National Institute of Toxicology Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Nokbeon-dong, Eunpyung-gu, 122-704, Seoul, South Korea. kangjins@kfda.go.kr Y1 - 2001/08/28/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Aug 28 SP - 147 EP - 154 VL - 169 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Indoles KW - Methylnitrosourea KW - 684-93-5 KW - indole-3-carbinol KW - C11E72455F KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Body Weight KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Time Factors KW - Organ Size KW - Female KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Indoles -- pharmacology KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Animal -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70956932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Post-initiation+treatment+of+Indole-3-carbinol+did+not+suppress+N-methyl-N-nitrosourea+induced+mammary+carcinogenesis+in+rats.&rft.au=Kang%2C+J+S%3BKim%2C+D+J%3BAhn%2C+B%3BNam%2C+K+T%3BKim%2C+K+S%3BChoi%2C+M%3BJang%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-08-28&rft.volume=169&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-08-16 N1 - Date created - 2001-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Priorities for development of research methods in occupational cancer AN - 39421699; 3619582 AU - Schulte, P Y1 - 2001/08/24/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Aug 24 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39421699?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Priorities+for+development+of+research+methods+in+occupational+cancer&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-08-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Canadian Society for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, ; URL: www.cseb.ca N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Insect neuropeptide antagonists: Design of highly potent inhibitors of the insect pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) AN - 39406744; 3618320 AU - Altstein, M AU - Ben-Aziz, O AU - Schafler, I AU - Barda, Y AU - Quit, N AU - Baharagava, K Y1 - 2001/08/24/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Aug 24 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39406744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Insect+neuropeptide+antagonists%3A+Design+of+highly+potent+inhibitors+of+the+insect+pheromone+biosynthesis+activating+neuropeptide+%28PBAN%29&rft.au=Altstein%2C+M%3BBen-Aziz%2C+O%3BSchafler%2C+I%3BBarda%2C+Y%3BQuit%2C+N%3BBaharagava%2C+K&rft.aulast=Altstein&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-08-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Peptide Society, Department of Chemistry, Smith Hall, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0431, USA; phone: 612-624-6000; fax: 612-626-7541. Paper No. L36 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Survival of a five strain cocktail of E. coli O157:H7 during the 60 days aging period of hard cheese made from unpasteurized milk AN - 39338061; 3619138 AU - Schlesser, J AU - Madsen, K AU - Gerdes, R Y1 - 2001/08/24/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Aug 24 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39338061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Survival+of+a+five+strain+cocktail+of+E.+coli+O157%3AH7+during+the+60+days+aging+period+of+hard+cheese+made+from+unpasteurized+milk&rft.au=Schlesser%2C+J%3BMadsen%2C+K%3BGerdes%2C+R&rft.aulast=Schlesser&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-08-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Animal Science, 1111 N. Dunlap Ave., Savoy, IL 61874, USA; phone: 217-356-3182; fax: 217-398-4119; URL: www.asas.org. Paper No. 745 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of dyes to investigate migration of the chiral selector in CFFE and the impact on the chiral separations. AN - 71145942; 11534728 AB - Continuous free flow electrophoresis was investigated as a tool for the preparative chiral separation of piperoxan enantiomers using sulfated beta-cyclodextrin (sbeta-CD) as the chiral additive. Bulk migration of sbeta-CD was confirmed using LC-MS analysis of the individual fractions collected and visualized with the addition of crystal violet to the separation buffer. In the absence of sbeta-CD, the crystal violet-containing buffer was reddish/purple and the crystal violet was deflected cathodically in the chamber. In the presence of sbeta-CD, the crystal violet-containing buffer was blue and was deflected anodically. However, formation of accumulation and depletion zones was apparent in both cases. The addition of sbeta-CD to the cathodic wash solution allowed for almost complete resolution of the piperoxan enantiomers with a processing rate of 0.45 mg/ h. JF - Analytical chemistry AU - Gratz, S R AU - Schneiderman, E AU - Mertens, T R AU - Stalcup, A M AD - Forensic Chemistry Center, FDA, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237-3097, USA. Y1 - 2001/08/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Aug 15 SP - 3999 EP - 4005 VL - 73 IS - 16 SN - 0003-2700, 0003-2700 KW - Coloring Agents KW - 0 KW - Cyclodextrins KW - beta-Cyclodextrins KW - Piperoxan KW - 9ZCS27634Y KW - betadex KW - JV039JZZ3A KW - Index Medicus KW - Stereoisomerism KW - Cyclodextrins -- chemistry KW - Piperoxan -- chemistry KW - Coloring Agents -- chemistry KW - Electrophoresis, Capillary -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71145942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Use+of+dyes+to+investigate+migration+of+the+chiral+selector+in+CFFE+and+the+impact+on+the+chiral+separations.&rft.au=Gratz%2C+S+R%3BSchneiderman%2C+E%3BMertens%2C+T+R%3BStalcup%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Gratz&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-08-15&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=3999&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+chemistry&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-09-20 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liver enzyme monitoring in patients treated with troglitazone. AN - 71082192; 11497537 AB - Soon after initial marketing in March 1997, troglitazone, the first thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agent, was found to cause life-threatening acute liver failure. The drug was removed from the market in March 2000. To evaluate the effect of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) risk management efforts, including repeated labeling changes and "Dear Healthcare Professional" letters, on periodic liver enzyme monitoring of patients taking troglitazone. Claims data from a large, multistate managed care organization were used to establish 4 cohorts of patients (N = 7603) with at least 90 days of health plan enrollment before first troglitazone prescription during 4 consecutive periods spanning April 1997 to September 1999 and representing 4 progressively stringent liver monitoring recommendations. Percentage of eligible troglitazone users in each cohort with baseline, monthly (for up to 6 months of continuous use), and complete (baseline and monthly) enzyme monitoring, based on computerized records of laboratory claims. Baseline testing increased from 15% before any FDA monitoring recommendations (cohort 1) to 44.6% following 4 separate FDA interventions (cohort 4; P<.001). In cohort 4, 33.4% of users had follow-up testing after 1 month of therapy, falling to 13% after 5 months of continuous use. In all cohorts, less than 5% received all recommended liver enzyme tests by the third month of continuous use. The FDA risk management efforts did not achieve meaningful or sustained improvement in liver enzyme testing. Evaluation of the impact of regulatory actions is needed before such actions can be regarded as effective or sufficient. JF - JAMA AU - Graham, D J AU - Drinkard, C R AU - Shatin, D AU - Tsong, Y AU - Burgess, M J AD - Office of Postmarketing Drug Risk Assessment, US Food and Drug Administration, 5600 Fishers Ln, HFD-400, Room 15B-32, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. grahamd@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/08/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Aug 15 SP - 831 EP - 833 VL - 286 IS - 7 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Chromans KW - 0 KW - Hypoglycemic Agents KW - Thiazoles KW - Thiazolidinediones KW - Transaminases KW - EC 2.6.1.- KW - troglitazone KW - I66ZZ0ZN0E KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Transaminases -- blood KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Risk Management KW - Drug Labeling KW - Hypoglycemic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Liver Failure, Acute -- chemically induced KW - Hypoglycemic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Chromans -- therapeutic use KW - Thiazoles -- adverse effects KW - Liver Function Tests KW - Liver Failure, Acute -- prevention & control KW - Liver Failure, Acute -- enzymology KW - Thiazoles -- therapeutic use KW - Chromans -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71082192?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Liver+enzyme+monitoring+in+patients+treated+with+troglitazone.&rft.au=Graham%2C+D+J%3BDrinkard%2C+C+R%3BShatin%2C+D%3BTsong%2C+Y%3BBurgess%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-08-15&rft.volume=286&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=831&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-08-30 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of wearing a back belt on spine kinematics during asymmetric lifting of large and small boxes. AN - 71069959; 11493853 AB - A crossover design was used to evaluate kinematic measurements collected with an infrared-based motion measurement system. To evaluate belt effects on spine kinematics during asymmetric lifting of large and small boxes and to test for carryover effects between trials from belts. Conflicting evidence in the literature exists regarding whether belts are beneficial or detrimental to manual material handlers. Studies have not examined belt effects when lifting different sized boxes, nor carryover effects from belts. Twenty-eight subjects with manual-handling experience (17 male and 11 female) were randomly assigned to lift either a large or small box (weighing 9.4 kg), from a sagittally symmetric origin at pallet height to a 79 cm height, 60 degrees to the right. Spine flexion, lateral bending and twisting, hip and knee flexion, and angular velocity measurements of the torso with respect to the pelvis were collected for each of three lifting periods, 50 lifts each at 3 lifts per minute, with 18-minute breaks between periods. Belts significantly reduced maximum spine flexion, spine flexion and extension angular velocities, and torso left lateral bending angular velocity, and increased hip and knee flexion, regardless of box size. When lifting large boxes, belts significantly reduced torso right lateral bending and torso left twisting. No significant differential carryover effects were detected from belts. Subjects with belts lifted more slowly and used more of a squat-lift technique, regardless of box size. Belts reduced more torso motions while lifting large boxes. JF - Spine AU - Giorcelli, R J AU - Hughes, R E AU - Wassell, J T AU - Hsiao, H AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 2001/08/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Aug 15 SP - 1794 EP - 1798 VL - 26 IS - 16 SN - 0362-2436, 0362-2436 KW - Index Medicus KW - Spinal Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Biomechanical Phenomena KW - Weight-Bearing -- physiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Adult KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Back -- physiology KW - Braces KW - Spine -- physiology KW - Lifting UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71069959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spine&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+wearing+a+back+belt+on+spine+kinematics+during+asymmetric+lifting+of+large+and+small+boxes.&rft.au=Giorcelli%2C+R+J%3BHughes%2C+R+E%3BWassell%2C+J+T%3BHsiao%2C+H&rft.aulast=Giorcelli&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-08-15&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=1794&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Spine&rft.issn=03622436&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-09-27 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vanadate-induced cell growth regulation and the role of reactive oxygen species. AN - 71068461; 11488607 AB - While vanadium compounds are known as potent toxicants as well as carcinogens, the mechanisms of their toxic and carcinogenic actions remain to be investigated. It is believed that an improper cell growth regulation leads to cancer development. The present study examines the effects of vanadate on cell cycle control and involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in these vanadate-mediated responses in a human lung epithelial cell line, A549. Under vanadate stimulation, A549 cells generated hydroxyl radical (*OH), as determined by electron spin resonance (ESR), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2*-), as detected by flow cytometry using specific dyes. The mechanism of ROS generation involved the reduction of molecular oxygen to O2*- by both a flavoenzyme-containing NADPH complex and the mitochondria electron transport chain. The O2*- in turn generated H2O2, which reacted with vanadium(IV) to generate *OH radical through a Fenton-type reaction (V(IV) + H2O2 --> V(V) +*OH + OH-). The ROS generated by vanadate induced G2/M phase arrest in a time- and dose-dependent manner as determined by measuring DNA content. Vanadate also increased p21 and Chk1 levels and reduced Cdc25C expression, leading to phosphorylation of Cdc2 and a slight increase in cyclin B1 expression as analyzed by Western blot. Catalase, a specific antioxidant for H2O2, decreased vanadate-induced expression of p21 and Chk1, reduced phosphorylation of Cdc2Tyr15, and decreased cyclin B1 levels. Superoxide dismutase, a scavenger of O2*-, or sodium formate, an inhibitor of *OH, had no significant effects. The results obtained from the present study demonstrate that among ROS, H2O2 is the species responsible for vanadate-induced G2/M phase arrest. Several regulatory pathways are involved: (1) activation of p21, (2) an increase of Chk1 expression and inhibition of Cdc25C, which results in phosphorylation of Cdc2 and possible inactivation of cyclin B1/Cdc2 complex. Copyright 2001 Academic Press. JF - Archives of biochemistry and biophysics AU - Zhang, Z AU - Huang, C AU - Li, J AU - Leonard, S S AU - Lanciotti, R AU - Butterworth, L AU - Shi, X AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 2001/08/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Aug 15 SP - 311 EP - 320 VL - 392 IS - 2 SN - 0003-9861, 0003-9861 KW - Anions KW - 0 KW - Antioxidants KW - CCNB1 protein, human KW - Cell Cycle Proteins KW - Cyclin B KW - Cyclin B1 KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Superoxides KW - 11062-77-4 KW - Vanadates KW - 3WHH0066W5 KW - NADP KW - 53-59-8 KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Catalase KW - EC 1.11.1.6 KW - Superoxide Dismutase KW - EC 1.15.1.1 KW - Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.- KW - CHEK1 protein, human KW - EC 2.7.11.1 KW - Checkpoint Kinase 1 KW - CDC2 Protein Kinase KW - EC 2.7.11.22 KW - CDC25C protein, human KW - EC 3.1.3.48 KW - cdc25 Phosphatases KW - HRAS protein, human KW - EC 3.6.5.2 KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Index Medicus KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) -- metabolism KW - CDC2 Protein Kinase -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Oxygen -- metabolism KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - NADP -- metabolism KW - Epithelial Cells -- metabolism KW - Superoxides -- metabolism KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Superoxide Dismutase -- chemistry KW - Time Factors KW - Cell Cycle KW - Catalase -- chemistry KW - Cell Division KW - Cyclin B -- metabolism KW - Lung -- pathology KW - cdc25 Phosphatases -- metabolism KW - Cell Cycle Proteins -- metabolism KW - Protein Kinases -- metabolism KW - Blotting, Western KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Mitochondria -- metabolism KW - Models, Chemical KW - Vanadates -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71068461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+biochemistry+and+biophysics&rft.atitle=Vanadate-induced+cell+growth+regulation+and+the+role+of+reactive+oxygen+species.&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Z%3BHuang%2C+C%3BLi%2C+J%3BLeonard%2C+S+S%3BLanciotti%2C+R%3BButterworth%2C+L%3BShi%2C+X&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=2001-08-15&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+biochemistry+and+biophysics&rft.issn=00039861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-09-20 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Basal Cell Proliferation in Female SKH-1 Mice Treated with alpha - and beta -Hydroxy Acids AN - 17915083; 5173996 AB - alpha - and beta -Hydroxy acids are compounds that have been used extensively in cosmetic and dermatological formulations. Clinical and qualitative effects of alpha - and beta -hydroxy acids have been well characterized, but little is known about their mechanism of action or acute and chronic biochemical effects. In the present study, we examined the acute proliferative effects of glycolic and salicylic acids on cell proliferation in the epidermis of SKH-1 female mice, using BrdU incorporation as a marker of epidermal proliferation. In preliminary experiments, we observed an increase in the rate of proliferation after 3 days of treatment with 10% glycolic acid-containing cream and this was sustained throughout a 6.5-week (treatment 5 days/week) time course compared with untreated control animals. After each treatment with cream containing glycolic acid there was a wave of proliferation that was maximal 12 to 16 h (significant at p < 0.05) after treatment, followed by a subsequent increase in epidermal thickness at 18 to 20 h (significant at p < 0.05). The effects of the concentration and pH level of glycolic acid- and salicylic acid-containing creams on the rate of proliferation and increases in skin thickness in SKH-1 epidermis were also investigated. We observed a dose-dependent increase in epidermal proliferation of animals treated with either glycolic or salicylic acid. A similar time-dependent response was observed in the epidermal thickness in animals treated with salicylic acid, but not with glycolic acid. Differences in pH (3.5 or 4.0) had no significant effect on either epidermal proliferation or skin thickness. The data that we present here should be useful in characterizing not only the beneficial but also the adverse effects that occur following acute or chronic usage of alpha -hydroxy acids. Copyright 2001 Academic Press. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Sams, R L AU - Couch, L H AU - Miller, B J AU - Okerberg, C V AU - Warbritton, A AU - Wamer, W G AU - Beer, J Z AU - Howard, P C AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, 72079, RSAMS@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/08/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Aug 15 SP - 76 EP - 82 PB - Academic Press VL - 175 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - mice KW - alpha -Hydroxy acids KW - beta -Hydroxy acids KW - salicylic acid KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - ^b-Hydroxy acids KW - ^a-Hydroxy acids KW - Epidermis KW - Basal cells KW - Cosmetics KW - Cell proliferation KW - Glycolic acid KW - X 24140:Cosmetics, toiletries & household products UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17915083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Basal+Cell+Proliferation+in+Female+SKH-1+Mice+Treated+with+alpha+-+and+beta+-Hydroxy+Acids&rft.au=Sams%2C+R+L%3BCouch%2C+L+H%3BMiller%2C+B+J%3BOkerberg%2C+C+V%3BWarbritton%2C+A%3BWamer%2C+W+G%3BBeer%2C+J+Z%3BHoward%2C+P+C&rft.aulast=Sams&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-08-15&rft.volume=175&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=76&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ftaap.2001.9232 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cell proliferation; Basal cells; Epidermis; Glycolic acid; Cosmetics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/taap.2001.9232 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Mucosal Injury in the Murine Nasal Airways by Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Site-Specific Lesions Induced by 3-Methylindole AN - 17914544; 5173995 AB - A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique was developed to identify mucosal damage to the nasal passages of mice resulting from exposure to respiratory toxicants. 3-Methylindole (3-MI) was chosen as a model nasal toxicant because systemic administration of this compound in mice results in a well-characterized necrotizing nasal lesion that is restricted to the olfactory mucosa. MRI technology allows imaging of the same mice before and at time points after injection. In addition, morphological alterations and increases in the area of sinus cavity airspace can be followed as a function of dose and time following exposure. For 3-MI, the cross-sectional area of the sinus airspaces increased by 1.7-fold in mice injected with 200 mg/kg and 2.6-fold in mice injected with 300 mg/kg at 3 days after injection. Alterations in the nasal turbinates lined by olfactory mucosa were identified 1, 3, and 6 days postadministration of 3-MI using MRI. Postmortem histological examination of the nasal tissue confirmed the intranasal location and distribution of the 3-MI-induced lesions observed by MRI. MRI can be a useful technique to identify toxicant-induced mucosal injury in the nasal passages at an in-plane resolution less than 60 mu m. Copyright 2001 Academic Press. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Wiethoff, A J AU - Harkema, J R AU - Koretsky AU - Brown, W E AD - Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, ddoerge@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/08/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Aug 15 SP - 68 EP - 75 PB - Academic Press VL - 175 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - mice KW - methodology KW - 3-Methylindole KW - olfactory mucosa KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Toxicants KW - Magnetic resonance imaging KW - Histopathology KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17914544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Mucosal+Injury+in+the+Murine+Nasal+Airways+by+Magnetic+Resonance+Imaging%3A+Site-Specific+Lesions+Induced+by+3-Methylindole&rft.au=Wiethoff%2C+A+J%3BHarkema%2C+J+R%3BKoretsky%3BBrown%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Wiethoff&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-08-15&rft.volume=175&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=68&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ftaap.2001.9235 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Magnetic resonance imaging; Histopathology; Toxicants DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/taap.2001.9235 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safety considerations for new vaccine development. AN - 72409091; 11802587 AB - Vaccines are highly effective and extremely safe. Although most known vaccine reactions are minor (e.g. fever, injection site pain or swelling), rare but serious reactions such as vaccine-associated paralytic polio do occur. When large populations are vaccinated, some adverse health events may occur by chance shortly after vaccination. It is difficult to determine whether these are truly coincidental or attributable to the vaccine. The most reliable way to assess causality is in a controlled study, but clinical trials of new vaccines are typically too small to detect rare but serious effects. If the size of these trials were increased, much more could be learned about the safety of a vaccine prior to its exposure to entire populations. This information would increase confidence in the safety of vaccines, would be a valuable resource for assessing spontaneous reports of adverse events after licensure, and would reduce the risk of licensing a new vaccine that had the potential to cause severe injury to a small proportion of vaccinees. JF - Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety AU - Ellenberg, S S AD - Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, MD, USA. ellenberg@cber.fda.gov PY - 2001 SP - 411 EP - 415 VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 1053-8569, 1053-8569 KW - Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Age Factors KW - Autistic Disorder -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Seizures -- etiology KW - Intussusception -- etiology KW - Child KW - Vaccination -- adverse effects KW - Sudden Infant Death -- etiology KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- methods KW - Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72409091?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+drug+safety&rft.atitle=Safety+considerations+for+new+vaccine+development.&rft.au=Ellenberg%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Ellenberg&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=411&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+drug+safety&rft.issn=10538569&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of databases in drug postmarketing surveillance. AN - 72406015; 11802586 AB - This paper describes the role of databases used for postmarketing surveillance of drugs at the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). First we describe the Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS), the largest database of adverse event reports in the world. Next, we explain the methods we have used for assembling these adverse event reports into a case series and analysing them, as well as techniques for employing drug use databases to construct reporting rates in the evaluation of drug safety issues. Finally, we discuss the FDA's use of the databases it accesses through its Cooperative Agreement Program to conduct high priority studies to support regulatory decision-making. JF - Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety AU - Rodriguez, E M AU - Staffa, J A AU - Graham, D J AD - Division of Drug Risk Evaluation II, Office of Postmarketing Drug Risk Assessment, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, 5600 Fishers Lane, HFD-440, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. rodrigueze@cder.fda.gov PY - 2001 SP - 407 EP - 410 VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 1053-8569, 1053-8569 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Pharmacoepidemiology -- methods KW - Pharmacoepidemiology -- statistics & numerical data KW - United States Food and Drug Administration -- statistics & numerical data KW - Community Health Planning -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Drug Utilization Review -- statistics & numerical data KW - Risk Assessment -- statistics & numerical data KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- statistics & numerical data KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing -- methods KW - Databases as Topic KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72406015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+drug+safety&rft.atitle=The+role+of+databases+in+drug+postmarketing+surveillance.&rft.au=Rodriguez%2C+E+M%3BStaffa%2C+J+A%3BGraham%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Rodriguez&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+drug+safety&rft.issn=10538569&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using the Trail Making test to screen for cognitive impairment in a drug abuse treatment sample. AN - 72266782; 11699333 AB - The Trail Making test (TMT) is a brief paper and pencil neuropsychological test often used for screening for cognitive impairment. The value of the TMT is examined in a sample of 5619 males and 2902 females was drawn from electronic files of data from the Drug Abuse Treatment outcome Study (DATOS), a naturalistic, prospective cohort study that collected data from 1991-1993 in 96 programs in 11 cities in the United States. Data were analyzed to determine the effects of specific drugs of abuse on parts A and B of the TMT in this large sample of patients in drug abuse treatment programs. Most subjects, regardless of type of drug abused, on TMT parts A and B appeared to fall within normal limits relative to commonly accepted cutoff scores. These results suggest that the TMT parts A and B would have great value as screening measures for cognitive impairment in a drug abuse treatment population. JF - The International journal of neuroscience AU - Roberts, C AU - Horton, A M AD - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockwall II Building, Suite 840, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. croberts@samhsa.gov Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 273 EP - 280 VL - 109 IS - 3-4 SN - 0020-7454, 0020-7454 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Neuropsychological Tests KW - Male KW - Female KW - Trail Making Test KW - Mass Screening KW - Cognition Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Cognition Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- complications KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- rehabilitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72266782?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.atitle=Using+the+Trail+Making+test+to+screen+for+cognitive+impairment+in+a+drug+abuse+treatment+sample.&rft.au=Roberts%2C+C%3BHorton%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.issn=00207454&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-26 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Demographic effects on the Trail Making test in alcohol abusers. AN - 72263414; 11699334 AB - Demographic effects on the Trail Making Test (TMT), a test often used for screening for cognitive impairment, are examined in a sample of alcohol abusers in drug abuse treatment programs. A sample was drawn from electronic files of data from the Drug Abuse Treatment outcome Study (DATOS). The DATOS was a naturalistic, prospective cohort study that collected data from 1991-1993 in 96 programs in 11 cities in the United States. The number of alcohol abuser's scores available for analysis was 1000. Data were analyzed to determine the effects of gender, ethnicity, age and education variables on the two parts of the TMT in this large treatment sample of alcohol abusers. The variables of age, ethnicity and education were statistically significant for both parts A and B of the TMT. R-Square values for overall models were quite weak (A = .12, B = .14) suggesting that demographic effects on the TMT, while clearly present, account for relatively little overall variance in terms of alcohol abuser's TMT performance. These results are consistent with earlier research using a more heterogenous drug abuse treatment sample. JF - The International journal of neuroscience AU - Horton, A M AU - Roberts, C AD - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockwall II Building, Suite 840, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. ahorton@samhsa.gov Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 281 EP - 287 VL - 109 IS - 3-4 SN - 0020-7454, 0020-7454 KW - Index Medicus KW - Demography KW - Prospective Studies KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Female KW - Alcoholism -- rehabilitation KW - Trail Making Test KW - Mass Screening KW - Cognition Disorders -- etiology KW - Cognition Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Cognition Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Alcoholism -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72263414?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.atitle=Demographic+effects+on+the+Trail+Making+test+in+alcohol+abusers.&rft.au=Horton%2C+A+M%3BRoberts%2C+C&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.issn=00207454&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-26 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential estrogenic effects of bisphenol-A estimated by in vitro and in vivo combination assays. AN - 71162504; 11552294 AB - The potential estrogenic activities of bisphenol-A were investigated in vitro (E-screen and estrogen receptor competitive binding bioassays) and in vivo (uterotrophic assay). Uterotrophic responses were evaluated using mature ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley female rats treated subcutaneously with bisphenol A (1, 5, 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day), E2 (0.3 microgram/kg), and DES (0.3 microgram/kg) for 3 consecutive days. In a MCF-7 cell proliferation assay, E2 and DES used as positive estrogens induced maximum proliferation of MCF-7 cells at 1.0 nM, whereas BPA slightly induced MCF-7 cell proliferation at a higher level of 0.1 microM and maximum proliferation at 10 microM. In a competitive binding assay, E2 and DES showed inhibition of 17 beta-[3H]estradiol binding to the rat uterus ER with an IC50 of 1.0 nM and 0.5 nM, respectively. However, BPA had an IC50 of 5 microM, which was approximately 5,000 or 10,000-fold greater than the IC50 of E2 and DES. In uterotrophic assays, uterus (wet and blotted) and vagina weights were significantly increased at the dose of BPA 100 mg/kg/day in OVX Sprague-Dawley rats. These studies demonstrate that BPA exhibits weak estrogenic activity in all experimental systems, and thus its migration from epoxy resins or polycarbonate products should be controlled not to exceed a safety levels for humans. JF - The Journal of toxicological sciences AU - Kim, H S AU - Han, S Y AU - Yoo, S D AU - Lee, B M AU - Park, K L AD - Reproductive & Developmental Toxicology Division, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, 5 Nokbun-dong, Eunpyung-gu, Seoul, 122-704, Korea. Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 111 EP - 118 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0388-1350, 0388-1350 KW - Benzhydryl Compounds KW - 0 KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal KW - Phenols KW - Receptors, Estrogen KW - Estradiol KW - 4TI98Z838E KW - Diethylstilbestrol KW - 731DCA35BT KW - Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.7 KW - bisphenol A KW - MLT3645I99 KW - Index Medicus KW - Vagina -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Diethylstilbestrol -- toxicity KW - Peroxidase -- metabolism KW - Biological Assay KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Estrogen -- metabolism KW - Uterus -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Binding, Competitive KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Estradiol -- toxicity KW - Injections, Subcutaneous KW - Ovariectomy KW - Uterus -- pathology KW - Uterus -- enzymology KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Phenols -- administration & dosage KW - Phenols -- metabolism KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal -- toxicity KW - Phenols -- toxicity KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal -- administration & dosage KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71162504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+toxicological+sciences&rft.atitle=Potential+estrogenic+effects+of+bisphenol-A+estimated+by+in+vitro+and+in+vivo+combination+assays.&rft.au=Kim%2C+H+S%3BHan%2C+S+Y%3BYoo%2C+S+D%3BLee%2C+B+M%3BPark%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+toxicological+sciences&rft.issn=03881350&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-06 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The fungus Pestalotiopsis guepini as a model for biotransformation of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. AN - 71160719; 11549022 AB - The metabolism of the fluoroquinolone drugs ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin by Pestalotiopsis guepini strain P-8 was investigated. Cultures were grown at 28 degrees C in sucrose/peptone broth for 18 days after dosing with ciprofloxacin (300 microM) or norfloxacin (313 microM). Four major metabolites were produced from each drug; and these were purified by high-performance liquid chromatography and identified by mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Ciprofloxacin metabolites included N-acetylciprofloxacin (52.0%), desethylene-N-acetylciprofloxacin (9.2%), N-formylciprofloxacin (4.2%), and 7-amino-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (2.3%). Norfloxacin metabolites included N-acetylnorfloxacin (55.4%), desethylene-N-acetylnorfloxacin (8.8%), N-formylnorfloxacin (3.6%), and 7-amino-1-ethyl-6-fluoro4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (2.1%). N-Formylciprofloxacin and the four transformation products from norfloxacin are all known to be mammalian metabolites. JF - Applied microbiology and biotechnology AU - Parshikov, I A AU - Heinze, T M AU - Moody, J D AU - Freeman, J P AU - Williams, A J AU - Sutherland, J B AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 474 EP - 477 VL - 56 IS - 3-4 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Culture Media, Conditioned KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - 5E8K9I0O4U KW - Norfloxacin KW - N0F8P22L1P KW - Index Medicus KW - Culture Media, Conditioned -- chemistry KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Fungi -- metabolism KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- metabolism KW - Ciprofloxacin -- metabolism KW - Norfloxacin -- metabolism KW - Fungi -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71160719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+microbiology+and+biotechnology&rft.atitle=The+fungus+Pestalotiopsis+guepini+as+a+model+for+biotransformation+of+ciprofloxacin+and+norfloxacin.&rft.au=Parshikov%2C+I+A%3BHeinze%2C+T+M%3BMoody%2C+J+D%3BFreeman%2C+J+P%3BWilliams%2C+A+J%3BSutherland%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Parshikov&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=474&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+microbiology+and+biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-11 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological production of optically active muconolactones by Rhodococcus rhodochrous. AN - 71158262; 11549019 AB - Optically active (-)-3-methylmuconolactone was biologically produced using a mutant strain of Rhodococcus rhodochrous N75 that is capable of metabolizing 4-methylcatechol via a modified ortho-cleavage pathway. The mutant strain (CJ30) was prepared by mutagenesis using N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and found to be blocked in the degradation of 3-methyl-muconolactone. Cells of the mutant CJ30, which had been previously grown on yeast extract and induced with p-toluate, transformed p-toluate (11.5 mM) to optically active (-)-3-methylmuconolactone with a yield of 53%. The structure of 3-methylmuconolactone was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Cell-free extracts of R. rhodochrous N75 also transformed a range of 4-alkylcatechols, such as 4-ethylcatechol, 4-iso-propylcatechol, and 4-tert-butylcatechol, to the corresponding 4-alkyl-substituted muconolactones. JF - Applied microbiology and biotechnology AU - Cha, C J AD - Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, UK. ccha@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 453 EP - 457 VL - 56 IS - 3-4 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - 3-methylmuconolactone KW - 0 KW - Culture Media KW - Lactones KW - Index Medicus KW - Stereoisomerism KW - Mutagenesis KW - Rhodococcus -- metabolism KW - Rhodococcus -- growth & development KW - Lactones -- chemistry KW - Rhodococcus -- genetics KW - Lactones -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71158262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+microbiology+and+biotechnology&rft.atitle=Biological+production+of+optically+active+muconolactones+by+Rhodococcus+rhodochrous.&rft.au=Cha%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Cha&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+microbiology+and+biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-11 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of exposure to diesel exhaust particles on the susceptibility of the lung to infection. AN - 71151436; 11544172 AB - There are at least three mechanisms by which alveolar macrophages play a critical role in protecting the lung from bacterial or viral infections: production of inflammatory cytokines that recruit and activate lung phagocytes, production of antimicrobial reactive oxidant species, and production of interferon (an antiviral agent). In this article we summarize data concerning the effect of exposure to diesel exhaust particles on these alveolar macrophage functions and the role of adsorbed organic chemicals compared to the carbonaceous core in the toxicity of diesel particles. In vitro exposure of rat alveolar macrophages to diesel exhaust particles decreased the ability of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial product] to stimulate the production of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Methanol extract exhibited this potential but methanol-washed diesel particles did not. Exposure of rats to diesel exhaust particles by intratracheal instillation also decreased LPS-induced TNF-alpha and IL-1 production from alveolar macrophages. In contrast, carbon black did not exhibit this inhibitory effect. Exposure of rats to diesel exhaust particles by inhalation decreased the ability of alveolar macrophages to produce antimicrobial reactive oxidant species in response to zymosan (a fungal component). In contrast, exposure to coal dust increased zymosan-stimulated oxidant production. In vivo exposure to diesel exhaust particles but not to carbon black decreased the ability of the lungs to clear bacteria. Inhalation exposure of mice to diesel exhaust particles but not to coal dust depressed the ability of the lung to produce the antiviral agent interferon and increased viral multiplication in the lung. These results support the hypothesis that exposure to diesel exhaust particles increases the susceptibility of the lung to infection by depressing the antimicrobial potential of alveolar macrophages. This inhibitory effect appears to be due to adsorbed organic chemicals rather than the carbonaceous core of the diesel particles. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Castranova, V AU - Ma, J Y AU - Yang, H M AU - Antonini, J M AU - Butterworth, L AU - Barger, M W AU - Roberts, J AU - Ma, J K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. vic1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 609 EP - 612 VL - 109 Suppl 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Gasoline KW - Interleukin-1 KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms KW - Animals KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Mice KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- toxicity KW - Rats KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- drug effects KW - Orthomyxoviridae -- drug effects KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Interleukin-1 -- metabolism KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- drug effects KW - Carbon -- toxicity KW - Female KW - Male KW - Vehicle Emissions -- toxicity KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- etiology KW - Gasoline -- toxicity KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71151436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Effect+of+exposure+to+diesel+exhaust+particles+on+the+susceptibility+of+the+lung+to+infection.&rft.au=Castranova%2C+V%3BMa%2C+J+Y%3BYang%2C+H+M%3BAntonini%2C+J+M%3BButterworth%2C+L%3BBarger%2C+M+W%3BRoberts%2C+J%3BMa%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Castranova&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=109+Suppl+4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=609&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-10-18 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Physiol. 1978 Sep;235(3):C103-8 [211851] J Clin Invest. 1973 Mar;52(3):741-4 [4346473] Chest. 1979 Feb;75(2 Suppl):280-2 [436475] Nature. 1983 Sep 15-21;305(5931):239-40 [6412144] Environ Res. 1985 Apr;36(2):405-19 [2579806] Environ Res. 1985 Jun;37(1):44-60 [2581774] J Immunol. 1987 Mar 15;138(6):1786-90 [3029221] Lab Invest. 1987 Mar;56(3):234-48 [3029503] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Mar;85(5):1620-3 [3125553] J Leukoc Biol. 1988 May;43(5):429-35 [3163717] Adv Immunol. 1989;44:153-205 [2466396] Exp Lung Res. 1989 May;15(3):429-45 [2472956] Res Rep Health Eff Inst. 1987;(10):3-22 [2478161] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990 Feb;141(2):471-501 [2405761] Infect Immun. 1990 Jun;58(6):1572-6 [2341167] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991 Sep;144(3 Pt 1):668-74 [1892309] N Engl J Med. 1993 Dec 9;329(24):1753-9 [8179653] Annu Rev Public Health. 1994;15:107-32 [8054077] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Mar;151(3 Pt 1):669-74 [7881654] Toxicol Lett. 1995 Dec;82-83:483-9 [8597099] J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 1996 Oct;46(10):927-39 [8875828] Exp Lung Res. 1997 May-Jun;23(3):269-84 [9184793] J Toxicol Environ Health A. 1999 Nov 12;58(5):261-78 [10598952] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1970 Nov;102(5):691-703 [5475670] Fed Proc. 1978 Nov;37(13):2759-64 [213318] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of asphalt fume composition under simulated road paving conditions by GC/MS and microflow LC/quadrupole time-of-flight MS. AN - 71101526; 11510836 AB - A highly sensitive, selective, and reliable analytical method has been developed and validated for characterization of asphalt fume generated under simulated road paving conditions. A dynamic asphalt fume generation system was modified to provide consistent test atmospheres at simulated asphalt road paving conditions. In the process of fume generation, asphalt was initially preheated in an oven to 170 degrees C, pumped to a large kettle, which maintained the asphalt temperature between 150 and 170 degrees C, and then transferred to the generator. The fume was conducted from the generator to an exposure chamber through a heated transfer line. Characterization of the asphalt fume test atmospheres included the following: (1) determination of the consistency of the asphalt aerosol composition within the generation system; (2) quantification of total organic matter of the asphalt fume by electron impact ionization of isotope dilution gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry); and (3) identification of individual priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in asphalt fume by selected ion monitoring. With the developed method, asphalt fumes could be characterized into three fractions: (1) filter collection of a large molecular size fraction over a range of mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios of 173-309; (2) XAD-2 trapping of a medium molecular size fraction over a range of m/z ratios of 121-197; and (3) charcoal trapping of a small molecular size fraction that contained mainly the volatile vapor fraction over a range of m/z ratios of 57-141. Total organic matter of the asphalt fume was quantified over the 5 exposure days. Sixteen specific priority PAHs were monitored and identified. These PAHs were determined at trace levels on the filter fraction. A novel approach, which utilizes collision-induced dissociation of fragmentation pathway leading to a characteristic fragmentation pattern by coupling microflow liquid chromatography to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization of quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, was used to further clarify the trace amount of key components present in simulated road paving asphalt fumes. These results demonstrate that asphalt fume composition could be characterized and specific priority PAHs could be identified by this method. The major advantages of this method are its highly sensitivity, selectivity, and reliability for chemical hazard characterization in a complex mixture. This method is suitable for support toxicity studies using simulated occupational exposure to asphalt fumes. JF - Analytical chemistry AU - Wang, J AU - Lewis, D M AU - Castranova, V AU - Frazer, D G AU - Goldsmith, T AU - Tomblyn, S AU - Simpson, J AU - Stone, S AU - Afshari, A AU - Siegel, P D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. juw9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/08/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Aug 01 SP - 3691 EP - 3700 VL - 73 IS - 15 SN - 0003-2700, 0003-2700 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - asphalt KW - 8052-42-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Hydrocarbons -- analysis KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- analysis KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71101526?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+asphalt+fume+composition+under+simulated+road+paving+conditions+by+GC%2FMS+and+microflow+LC%2Fquadrupole+time-of-flight+MS.&rft.au=Wang%2C+J%3BLewis%2C+D+M%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BFrazer%2C+D+G%3BGoldsmith%2C+T%3BTomblyn%2C+S%3BSimpson%2C+J%3BStone%2C+S%3BAfshari%2C+A%3BSiegel%2C+P+D&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=3691&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+chemistry&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-05 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A biomathematical model of particle clearance and retention in the lungs of coal miners. II. Evaluation of variability and uncertainty. AN - 71100837; 11502159 AB - The objective of this study is to investigate the sources of variability and uncertainty in a previously developed human lung dosimetry model. That three-compartment model describes the retention and clearance kinetics of respirable particles in the gas-exchange region of the lungs. It was calibrated using exposure histories and lung dust burden data in U.S. coal miners. A multivariate parameter estimation and optimization method was developed for fitting the dosimetry model to these human data. Models with various assumptions about overloading of alveolar clearance and interstitialization (sequestration) of particles were evaluated. Variability in the estimated clearance rate coefficients was assessed empirically by fitting the model to groups' and to each miner's data. Distributions of lung and lymph node particle burdens were computed at working lifetime exposures, using the variability in the estimated individual clearance rate coefficients. These findings confirm those of the earlier analysis; i.e., the best-fitting exposure-dose model to these data has substantial interstitialization/sequestration of particles and no dose-dependent decline in alveolar clearance. Among miners with different characteristics for smoking, disease, and race, the group median estimated alveolar clearance rate coefficients varied by a factor of approximately 4. Adjustment for these group differences provided some improvement in the dosimetry model fit to all miners (up to 25% reduction in MSE), although unexplained interindividual differences made up the largest source of variability. The predicted mean lung and lymph node particle burdens at age 75 after exposure to respirable coal mine dust at 2 mg/m(2) for a 45-year working lifetime were 12 g (5th and 95th percentiles, 3.0-26 g) and 1.9 g (0.26-5.3), respectively. This study provides quantitative information on variability in particle retention and clearance kinetics in humans. It is useful for risk assessment by providing estimated lung dust burdens associated with occupational exposure to respirable particles. Copyright 2001 Academic Press. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Kuempel, E D AU - Tran, C L AU - Smith, R J AU - Bailer, A J AD - Risk Evaluation Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA. Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 88 EP - 101 VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Coal KW - Dust KW - Index Medicus KW - Lymph Nodes -- metabolism KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Body Burden KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Metabolic Clearance Rate KW - Coal Mining KW - Risk Assessment -- statistics & numerical data KW - Risk Assessment -- methods KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Lung -- cytology KW - Models, Statistical KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- pharmacokinetics KW - Models, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71100837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=A+biomathematical+model+of+particle+clearance+and+retention+in+the+lungs+of+coal+miners.+II.+Evaluation+of+variability+and+uncertainty.&rft.au=Kuempel%2C+E+D%3BTran%2C+C+L%3BSmith%2C+R+J%3BBailer%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Kuempel&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-10-25 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing exposure levels by type of welding operation and evaluating the effectiveness of fume extraction guns. AN - 71091605; 11504352 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Wallace, M AU - Shulman, S AU - Sheehy, J AD - Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 771 EP - 779 VL - 16 IS - 8 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Index Medicus KW - Equipment Design KW - Ventilation KW - Humans KW - Manufactured Materials KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Welding KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71091605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Comparing+exposure+levels+by+type+of+welding+operation+and+evaluating+the+effectiveness+of+fume+extraction+guns.&rft.au=Wallace%2C+M%3BShulman%2C+S%3BSheehy%2C+J&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=771&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-08-30 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of radar to detect pedestrian workers near mining equipment. AN - 71087388; 11504357 AB - Between 1990 and 1996, 133 accidents occurred and 23 mine workers were killed when haulage trucks used in surface mines collided with another smaller vehicle, a mine structure, or a pedestrian worker. These accidents were caused by a lack of visibility from the cab of the truck. Similar accidents are common with other types of equipment, such as front-end loaders and shovels. There are several methods for improving the operator's awareness of objects or people around the equipment including improved mirror designs, video cameras, and sensor technologies. Researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) are evaluating collision warning systems that are based on radar technology. These systems are mounted on the mining equipment to monitor one or more of the blind areas. An alarm is provided to the operator if an object or person enters the radar's detection area. Tests consisted of mounting the systems on a 50-ton-capacity truck typically used in quarries and a 240-ton-capacity truck used at a surface mine. This article summarizes the test procedure and results of evaluations of several off-the-shelf and prototype radar systems. False alarm rates and reliable detection zones for pedestrians were recorded for various mounting configurations on the rear of the trucks. Mounting radar systems on large equipment presents several challenges; however, the technology does show promise for this application. JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Ruff, T M AD - Office for Mining Safety and Health Research, Spokane Research Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, USA. Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 798 EP - 808 VL - 16 IS - 8 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Index Medicus KW - Equipment Design KW - Humans KW - Data Collection KW - False Positive Reactions KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Radar KW - Mining KW - Accidents, Traffic -- prevention & control KW - Motor Vehicles UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71087388?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Application+of+radar+to+detect+pedestrian+workers+near+mining+equipment.&rft.au=Ruff%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Ruff&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=798&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-08-30 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hard metal-induced disease: effects of metal cations in vitro on guinea pig isolated airways. AN - 71061497; 11485380 AB - Inhalation of dust from hard metal (HM), a mixture of tungsten carbide, cobalt, and other metals, can cause interstitial alveolitis, fibrosis, and asthma in the workplace. Some effects of HM could occur after the metals dissolve in the lung. We examined whether chloride salts of metals in HM alloys can elicit responses or modify reactivity to methacholine (MCh) or responses to electric field stimulation (EFS) in guinea pig tracheal strips. In unstimulated strips, Co(2+), Cd(2+), and Ni(2+) evoked contractions (>3 x 10(-6) M), while Ta(5+), Zn(2+), Cr(2+), and Cr(3+) caused weak relaxations (>10(-5) M). In strips contracted with MCh (3 x 10(-7) M), Co(2+) and Ni(2+) also caused relaxation in lower concentrations while the other metals caused weak relaxation only in high concentrations (>10(-4) M). The metals were generally without effect on reactivity to MCh, except that Cd(2+) inhibited and Ni(2+) potentiated some responses. The effects of selected metals (10(-6) M; Cr(3+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+), and Co(2+)) on EFS-induced contractile and relaxant responses were examined (+/-MCh; +/-10(-6) M indomethacin (Indo), 30 min). No metal had any effect on the excitatory nonadrenergic, noncholinergic-mediated contraction phase. Cd(2+) and Ni(2+) inhibited cholinergically mediated contractions of unstimulated strips (+Indo), whereas Cr(3+) both inhibited (-MCh, -Indo) and potentiated (-Indo,+MCh; +Indo, +MCh) contractile responses. Cr(3+) was the only metal to inhibit the inhibitory nonadrenergic, noncholinergic-mediated relaxation phase (+/-MCh; -Indo). Co(2+) had no effect at all. The results suggest that smooth muscle tone and nerves in the airways could be targets of cationic metals after they dissolve in the lung. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Fedan, J S AU - Cutler, D AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. jsf2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/08/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Aug 01 SP - 199 EP - 206 VL - 174 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Alloys KW - 0 KW - Bronchoconstrictor Agents KW - Cations KW - Chlorides KW - Chromium Compounds KW - Zinc Compounds KW - hard metal KW - Methacholine Chloride KW - 0W5ETF9M2K KW - Cobalt KW - 3G0H8C9362 KW - Tantalum KW - 6424HBN274 KW - nickel chloride KW - 696BNE976J KW - Nickel KW - 7OV03QG267 KW - zinc chloride KW - 86Q357L16B KW - chromous chloride KW - CET32HKA21 KW - cobaltous chloride KW - EVS87XF13W KW - Cadmium Chloride KW - J6K4F9V3BA KW - Tungsten KW - V9306CXO6G KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Bronchoconstrictor Agents -- pharmacology KW - Methacholine Chloride -- pharmacology KW - Drug Interactions KW - Solubility KW - Guinea Pigs KW - Zinc Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Cadmium Chloride -- pharmacology KW - Electric Stimulation KW - Nickel -- pharmacology KW - Chromium Compounds -- pharmacology KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Muscle Contraction KW - Tantalum -- pharmacology KW - Muscle, Smooth -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Chlorides -- pharmacology KW - Cobalt -- toxicity KW - Cobalt -- chemistry KW - Trachea -- innervation KW - Tungsten -- toxicity KW - Tungsten -- chemistry KW - Cobalt -- pharmacology KW - Trachea -- drug effects KW - Alloys -- toxicity KW - Trachea -- physiology KW - Alloys -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71061497?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Hard+metal-induced+disease%3A+effects+of+metal+cations+in+vitro+on+guinea+pig+isolated+airways.&rft.au=Fedan%2C+J+S%3BCutler%2C+D&rft.aulast=Fedan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=174&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-08-30 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New insights into the role of nuclear factor-kappaB in cell growth regulation. AN - 71060808; 11485895 AB - The nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB family of eukaryotic transcription factors plays an important role in the regulation of immune response, embryo and cell lineage development, cell apoptosis, cell-cycle progression, inflammation, and oncogenesis. A wide range of stimuli, including cytokines, mitogens, environmental particles, toxic metals, and viral or bacterial products, activate NF-kappaB, mostly through IkappaB kinase (IKK)-dependent phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of its inhibitor, the IkappaB family of proteins. Activated NF-kappaB translocates into the nucleus where it modulates the expression of a variety of genes, including those encoding cytokines, growth factors, acute phase response proteins, cell adhesion molecules, other transcription factors, and several cell apoptosis regulators. During the past few years, tremendous progress has been achieved in our understanding on how intracellular signaling pathways are transmitted in either a linear or a network manner leading to the activation of NF-kappaB and subsequent cell growth control. However, a detailed molecular mechanism of NF-kappaB regulating cell growth has yet to be determined. Elucidation of the relationships between NF-kappaB activation and cell growth will be important in developing new strategies for the treatment of various human diseases, such as chronic autoimmune disorder and cancer. JF - The American journal of pathology AU - Chen, F AU - Castranova, V AU - Shi, X AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. lfd3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 387 EP - 397 VL - 159 IS - 2 SN - 0002-9440, 0002-9440 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - 0 KW - I-kappa B Proteins KW - NF-kappa B KW - NFKBIA protein, human KW - NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha KW - 139874-52-5 KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.1 KW - CHUK protein, human KW - EC 2.7.11.10 KW - I-kappa B Kinase KW - IKBKB protein, human KW - IKBKE protein, human KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases -- metabolism KW - Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Humans KW - Autoimmune Diseases -- therapy KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Neoplasms -- therapy KW - Signal Transduction KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Cell Cycle -- physiology KW - Cell Division -- physiology KW - NF-kappa B -- metabolism KW - NF-kappa B -- antagonists & inhibitors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71060808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+pathology&rft.atitle=New+insights+into+the+role+of+nuclear+factor-kappaB+in+cell+growth+regulation.&rft.au=Chen%2C+F%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BShi%2C+X&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+pathology&rft.issn=00029440&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-09-06 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Sep 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Oncogene. 1995 Sep 7;11(5):999-1003 [7675461] FASEB J. 1995 Dec;9(15):1527-36 [8529831] Blood. 1996 Jan 1;87(1):25-9 [8547649] Blood. 1996 May 15;87(10):4340-7 [8639794] Annu Rev Immunol. 1996;14:649-83 [8717528] EMBO J. 1996 Jul 15;15(14):3640-50 [8670867] Oncogene. 1996 Oct 3;13(7):1367-78 [8875974] Cancer Res. 1997 Jan 1;57(1):24-7 [8988033] Science. 1997 Jan 24;275(5299):523-7 [8999795] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Feb 18;94(4):1441-6 [9037072] Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1997 Mar;94(1):36-43 [9078289] Mol Cell Biol. 1997 Jun;17(6):3202-9 [9154819] Oncogene. 1997 May 22;14(20):2455-64 [9188860] Leukemia. 1997 Apr;11 Suppl 3:65-6 [9209300] Leukemia. 1997 Aug;11(8):1364-6 [9264393] Nature. 1997 Sep 18;389(6648):300-5 [9305847] Biomed Pharmacother. 1997;51(6-7):243-51 [9309244] Leuk Lymphoma. 1997 Jul;26(3-4):239-50 [9322886] Mol Cell Biol. 1997 Nov;17(11):6526-36 [9343416] Science. 1997 Oct 31;278(5339):860-6 [9346484] Science. 1997 Oct 31;278(5339):866-9 [9346485] J Biol Chem. 1997 Nov 21;272(47):29419-22 [9367996] J Biol Chem. 1997 Dec 12;272(50):31427-34 [9395475] J Clin Invest. 1997 Dec 15;100(12):2952-60 [9399940] J Biol Chem. 1998 May 15;273(20):12341-51 [9575187] Annu Rev Immunol. 1998;16:225-60 [9597130] Radiat Res. 1998 Jun;149(6):596-601 [9611098] Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1998 Jun 1;57(1):63-72 [9630519] Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Jul;18(7):4221-34 [9632806] Mol Cell. 1998 Mar;1(4):543-51 [9660938] Science. 1998 Aug 28;281(5381):1305-8 [9721089] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and characterization of a vulnificolysin-like cytolysin produced by Vibrio tubiashii. AN - 71040220; 11472951 AB - An extracellular cytolysin from Vibrio tubiashii was purified by sequential hydrophobic interaction chromatography with phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B and gel filtration with Sephacryl S-200. This protein is sensitive to heat and proteases, is inhibited by cholesterol, and has a molecular weight of 59,000 and an isoelectric point of 5.3. In addition to lysing various erythrocytes, it is cytolytic and/or cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells, Caco-2 cells, and Atlantic menhaden liver cells in tissue culture. Lysis of erythrocytes occurs by a multihit process that is dependent on temperature and pH. Twelve of the first 17 N-terminal amino acid residues (Asp-Asp-Tyr-Val-Pro-Val-Val-Glu-Lys-Val-Tyr-Tyr-Ile-Thr-Ser-Ser-Lys) are identical to those of the Vibrio vulnificus cytolysin. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Kothary, M H AU - Delston, R B AU - Curtis, S K AU - McCardell, B A AU - Tall, B D AD - Divisions of Virulence Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. mkothary@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 3707 EP - 3711 VL - 67 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Cytotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hemolysis -- drug effects KW - Erythrocytes -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Caco-2 Cells -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Fishes KW - CHO Cells -- drug effects KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Cells, Cultured -- drug effects KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Cricetinae KW - Cytotoxins -- isolation & purification KW - Cytotoxins -- chemistry KW - Cytotoxins -- toxicity KW - Vibrio -- metabolism KW - Cytotoxins -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71040220?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Purification+and+characterization+of+a+vulnificolysin-like+cytolysin+produced+by+Vibrio+tubiashii.&rft.au=Kothary%2C+M+H%3BDelston%2C+R+B%3BCurtis%2C+S+K%3BMcCardell%2C+B+A%3BTall%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Kothary&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3707&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-10-25 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1999 Nov 15;180(2):177-82 [10556709] J Gen Microbiol. 1963 Mar;30:455-68 [13967637] Methods Biochem Anal. 1970;18:1-53 [4909316] J Bacteriol. 1970 Jul;103(1):271-2 [5423372] Infect Immun. 1971 Dec;4(6):683-7 [4949508] Infect Immun. 1972 Nov;6(5):755-60 [4404668] Methods Enzymol. 1972;26:3-27 [4680711] Infect Immun. 1976 Feb;13(2):337-44 [177364] Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54 [942051] Infect Immun. 1980 Sep;29(3):1028-33 [6776058] Infect Immun. 1981 Dec;34(3):787-94 [7037641] Infect Immun. 1984 Jul;45(1):192-6 [6429044] Infect Immun. 1985 Apr;48(1):62-72 [3980095] Infect Immun. 1985 Jul;49(1):25-31 [4008049] Infect Immun. 1987 Mar;55(3):626-30 [3818087] Infect Immun. 1987 May;55(5):1090-3 [3570456] Infect Immun. 1988 Apr;56(4):954-60 [3126150] J Bacteriol. 1988 Aug;170(8):3694-702 [3136147] Infect Immun. 1990 Aug;58(8):2706-9 [2370116] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 Nov;56(11):3615-9 [2268167] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 Mar;57(3):707-11 [2039231] Microbiol Immunol. 1991;35(9):705-15 [1808468] Microb Pathog. 1992 Jul;13(1):17-24 [1435227] J Bacteriol. 1965 Oct;90(4):1036-44 [5847794] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human IFN-alpha protein engineering: the amino acid residues at positions 86 and 90 are important for antiproliferative activity. AN - 71021200; 11466368 AB - Human IFN-alpha is a family of structurally related proteins that exhibit a wide range of antiproliferative activities. To understand the structural basis for these different antiproliferative activities, eight recombinant human IFN-alpha hybrids (HY) of alpha21a/alpha2c (HY-4, HY-5) and mutants (site-directed mutagenesis (SDM)-1, 2 and cassette mutagenesis (CM)-1, 2, 3, and 4) have been expressed, purified, and characterized. The data showed that the amino acid region 81-95 is important for antiproliferative activity. Site-directed mutagenesis and cassette mutagenesis studies showed that if serine (S) 86 and asparagine (N) 90 were replaced by tyrosine (Y), the antiproliferative activity was increased. We have also observed that if Y86 was replaced by isoleucine (I), the antiproliferative activity was comparable. However, if Y86 was replaced by aspartic acid (D), lysine (K), or alanine (A), the antiproliferative activity was substantially decreased. Our results indicate that Y and/or I at position 86 and Y at position 90 are very important in antiproliferative activity of human IFN-alpha. Circular dichroism spectra showed that the amino acid replacements at position 86 did not change the secondary structure. Thus the biological activity changes among those mutants do not appear to be due to conformational changes. The results also suggest that hydrophobic residue(s) at position 86 may be important for the interaction of the molecule with its receptor. The competitive binding data correlated with the antiproliferative activity. The N-terminal region of the molecule and the hydrophobic residues (including Y and I) on the C-helix region at positions 86 and/or 90 are important for binding and antiproliferative activities of human IFN-alphas. JF - Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) AU - Hu, R AU - Bekisz, J AU - Schmeisser, H AU - McPhie, P AU - Zoon, K AD - Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. hur@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/08/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Aug 01 SP - 1482 EP - 1489 VL - 167 IS - 3 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - Antiviral Agents KW - 0 KW - Growth Inhibitors KW - Interferon-alpha KW - Receptors, Interferon KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta KW - 156986-95-7 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Recombinant Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Humans KW - Circular Dichroism KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Binding, Competitive -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Recombinant Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Cattle KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Antiviral Agents -- pharmacology KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Recombinant Proteins -- chemistry KW - Cell Line KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Receptors, Interferon -- metabolism KW - Interferon-alpha -- pharmacology KW - Interferon-alpha -- metabolism KW - Amino Acid Substitution -- genetics KW - Growth Inhibitors -- genetics KW - Growth Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Protein Engineering -- methods KW - Interferon-alpha -- genetics KW - Growth Inhibitors -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71021200?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.atitle=Human+IFN-alpha+protein+engineering%3A+the+amino+acid+residues+at+positions+86+and+90+are+important+for+antiproliferative+activity.&rft.au=Hu%2C+R%3BBekisz%2C+J%3BSchmeisser%2C+H%3BMcPhie%2C+P%3BZoon%2C+K&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=167&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1482&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-10-25 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hypothermia enhances bcl-2 expression and protects against oxidative stress-induced cell death in Chinese hamster ovary cells. AN - 71010357; 11461779 AB - Oxidative stress is one of the major causes of cellular injury. Various reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species such as superoxide, hydroxyl radical, peroxynitrite, and nitric oxide are involved in the manifestations of different types of organ toxicity and the resultant syndromes, symptoms, or diseases. Hypothermic conditions have been reported to reduce the oxidative stress in various in vitro and in vivo studies. In the present study, we sought to determine the effect of lowered temperatures on oxidative stress-induced cell death in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. We also investigated the oxidative stress-induced alterations in the expression of anti-apoptotic protein, bcl-2, in CHO cells at lowered temperatures. CHO cells were incubated at four different temperatures of 30, 32, 35, and 37 degrees C (control temperature) from 1 to 4 d. In another set, the cells were incubated with 100 microM hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) for 30 min before harvesting at different time points. The cells were harvested at 1, 2, 3, and 4 d. Cell survival was significantly higher at 30 degrees C as compared to 37 degrees C over 4 d of incubation. In cells incubated with H(2)O(2), significantly higher cell viability was observed at lower temperatures as compared to the cells incubated at 37 degrees C. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) also increased significantly at lower temperatures. Lowered temperature also provided a significant increase in the expression of anti-apoptotic protein, bcl-2 after 4 d of incubation. These data suggest that hypothermic conditions lowers the risk of oxidative stress-induced cellular damage and programmed cell death by increasing the activity of GSH-Px and by the induction in the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, bcl-2. JF - Free radical biology & medicine AU - Slikker, W AU - Desai, V G AU - Duhart, H AU - Feuers, R AU - Imam, S Z AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/US FDA, 3900 NCTR Drive, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2001/08/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Aug 01 SP - 405 EP - 411 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 KW - 0 KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Glutathione Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hypothermia KW - Genes, bcl-2 KW - Animals KW - Glutathione Peroxidase -- metabolism KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- analysis KW - Kinetics KW - CHO Cells KW - Cold Temperature KW - Time Factors KW - Cricetinae KW - Cell Death -- physiology KW - Oxidative Stress -- physiology KW - Apoptosis -- physiology KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 -- metabolism KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71010357?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.atitle=Hypothermia+enhances+bcl-2+expression+and+protects+against+oxidative+stress-induced+cell+death+in+Chinese+hamster+ovary+cells.&rft.au=Slikker%2C+W%3BDesai%2C+V+G%3BDuhart%2C+H%3BFeuers%2C+R%3BImam%2C+S+Z&rft.aulast=Slikker&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-10-18 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - C57BL/6 mice are resistant to acute restraint modulation of cutaneous hypersensitivity. AN - 71004156; 11452137 AB - C57BL/6 mice, in contrast to BALB/c mice, display minimal behavioral changes in response to environmental stressors and are considered relatively stress-resistant. We have shown that application of acute restraint prior to chemical challenge enhanced cutaneous hypersensitivity (CHS) in BALB/c mice and that this enhanced response is partially glucocorticoid dependent. Due to strain differences in the immune response and in the response to environmental stressors, we hypothesized that acute restraint would not enhance CHS in the less stress-sensitive C57BL/6 mice. We sensitized and challenged C57BL/6 mice with the contact sensitizer, 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) in the presence and absence of restraint. Acute restraint, applied prior to chemical challenge, significantly increased serum corticosterone, but to concentrations approximately 60% of those reported for BALB/c mice. Neither restraint nor the exogenous administration of corticosterone enhanced chemical-induced ear swelling in C57BL/6 mice. Pharmacological interruption of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPAA) with the glucocorticoid type II receptor antagonist, RU486, did not alter the development of CHS, however, adrenalectomized (ADX) mice exhibited decreased ear swelling, a measurement that was decreased further by restraint. Combined application of acute restraint and corticosterone prior to chemical challenge significantly enhanced the ear swelling response in C57BL/6 wild-type mice. These data confirm that C57BL/6 mice have a blunted corticosterone response to restraint and that acute restraint does not modulate cutaneous hypersensitivity. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that stress-resistance is not conferred exclusively through the glucocorticoid pathways. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Flint, M S AU - Tinkle, S S AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS 3014, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. sft3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 250 EP - 256 VL - 62 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Receptors, Glucocorticoid KW - 0 KW - Mifepristone KW - 320T6RNW1F KW - Dinitrofluorobenzene KW - D241E059U6 KW - Corticosterone KW - W980KJ009P KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Corticosterone -- blood KW - Receptors, Glucocorticoid -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice KW - Adrenalectomy KW - Mifepristone -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Corticosterone -- administration & dosage KW - Hypersensitivity KW - Skin -- drug effects KW - Dinitrofluorobenzene -- toxicity KW - Skin -- immunology KW - Immobilization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71004156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=C57BL%2F6+mice+are+resistant+to+acute+restraint+modulation+of+cutaneous+hypersensitivity.&rft.au=Flint%2C+M+S%3BTinkle%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Flint&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=250&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-09-27 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental toxicity of sodium fluoride measured during multiple generations. AN - 70973170; 11434994 AB - Sodium fluoride (NaF) has been used to fluoridate drinking water in the United States since the mid 1940s. Because of the lack of reliable studies on the multigeneration effects of the compound, NaF (0, 25, 100, 175 or 250 ppm in drinking water) was given to rats continuously during three generations. Parental (F0) generation rats were treated for 10 weeks and mated within groups. At gestation day 20, caesarean sections were performed and eight F0 females per group and their litters (F1) were observed for implant status, fetal weight and length, sex and morphological development. The remaining F0 females (29-32 per group) were allowed to litter. F1 offspring (36 of each sex per group) were mated within groups, and caesarean sections were performed at gestation day 20. The F1 females and their litters (F2) were observed for implant status, fetal weight and length, sex and morphological development. In addition, F2 fetuses were evaluated for internal (soft-tissue) and skeletal development. Decreased fluid consumption for F0 and F1 dams at 175 and 250 ppm was attributed to decreased palatability of the solution. No dose-related effects in feed consumption or mean body weight gain were observed in either F0 or F1 females. Numbers of corpora lutea, implants, viable fetuses and fetal morphological development were similar in all groups. No dose-related anomalies in internal organs were observed in F2 fetuses. Ossification of the hyoid bone of F2 fetuses was significantly decreased at 250 ppm. Because of the decreased ossification of the hyoid bone, 250 ppm is considered the effect level. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Collins, T F AU - Sprando, R L AU - Black, T N AU - Shackelford, M E AU - Olejnik, N AU - Ames, M J AU - Rorie, J I AU - Ruggles, D I AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. tcoll60504@aol.com Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 867 EP - 876 VL - 39 IS - 8 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Sodium Fluoride KW - 8ZYQ1474W7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Pedigree KW - Body Weight KW - Animals KW - Paternal Exposure KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Water Supply KW - Osteogenesis -- drug effects KW - Maternal Exposure KW - Male KW - Female KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Sodium Fluoride -- toxicity KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70973170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=Developmental+toxicity+of+sodium+fluoride+measured+during+multiple+generations.&rft.au=Collins%2C+T+F%3BSprando%2C+R+L%3BBlack%2C+T+N%3BShackelford%2C+M+E%3BOlejnik%2C+N%3BAmes%2C+M+J%3BRorie%2C+J+I%3BRuggles%2C+D+I&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=867&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inferring Effects on Tumor Frequencies and Times to Observation in the Analysis of Tumor Multiplicity Data AN - 21099905; 11132170 AB - A sequential likelihood-ratio strategy for analyzing tumor multiplicity data from animal bioassays is described and illustrated. The likelihood function is composed of a negative binomial component for the number of induced tumors per animal and a Weibull component for the time to observation of such tumors. The method can distinguish whether differences in tumor responses between treatment groups are due to differences in numbers of induced tumors or to differences in times to observation of such tumors. Although adapted from the underlying model of Kokoska (Kokoska, 1987, Biometrics 43, 525-534; Kokoska et al., 1993, Anticancer Research 13, 1357-1364), the proposed testing methodology can give different results from the Kokoska method, as is shown in an example with real data. Several extensions of the model are described. JF - Biometrical Journal AU - Kodell, Ralph L AU - Chen, James J Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - Aug 2001 SP - 447 EP - 460 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 43 IS - 4 SN - 0323-3847, 0323-3847 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Biometrics KW - Data processing KW - Models KW - Tumors KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21099905?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biometrical+Journal&rft.atitle=Inferring+Effects+on+Tumor+Frequencies+and+Times+to+Observation+in+the+Analysis+of+Tumor+Multiplicity+Data&rft.au=Kodell%2C+Ralph+L%3BChen%2C+James+J&rft.aulast=Kodell&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=447&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biometrical+Journal&rft.issn=03233847&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F1521-4036%28200108%2943%3A43.0.CO%3B2-J LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Biometrics; Tumors; Models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4036(200108)43:4<447::AID-BIMJ447>3.0.CO;2-J ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 during sprouting of alfalfa seeds AN - 18126789; 5224701 AB - Aims: Escherichia coli O157:H7 was monitored daily during sprouting of alfalfa seeds inoculated at high (3.92 log cfu g super(-1)) and low (1.86 log cfu g super(-1)) levels to assess the extent of pathogen growth during production. Methods and Results: Sprouts and rinse water were tested by direct and membrane filter plating on modified sorbitol MacConkey agar and BCM O157:H7(+) agar; the antibody-direct epifluorescent filter technique; and rapid immunoassays. The pathogen reached maximum populations after one and two days of sprouting seeds inoculated at high and low levels, respectively; in either case, populations of 5-6 log cfu g super(-1) were reached. Detection limits of two rapid immunoassays, Reveal and VIP, without enrichment were determined to be 5-7 log cfu ml super(-1). Conclusions: These results show the ability of E. coli O157:H7 to grow to high levels during sprouting; however, because these levels may be below detection limits, it is necessary to include enrichment when monitoring sprout production for E. coli O157:H7 by the rapid test kits. Significance and Impact of the Study: The data indicate that sprouts may harbor high levels of pathogens. The appropriate use of rapid test methods for pathogen monitoring during sprouting is indicated. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Stewart, D AU - Reineke, K AU - Ulaszek, J AU - Fu, T AU - Tortorello, M AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Food Safety and Technology, 6502 South Archer Road, Summit-Argo, IL 60501, USA, mlt@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - Aug 2001 SP - 95 EP - 99 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Alfalfa KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Germination KW - Seeds KW - Escherichia coli KW - Pathogens KW - Immunoassays KW - Medicago sativa KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18126789?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Growth+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+during+sprouting+of+alfalfa+seeds&rft.au=Stewart%2C+D%3BReineke%2C+K%3BUlaszek%2C+J%3BFu%2C+T%3BTortorello%2C+M&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1472-765X.2001.00957.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Medicago sativa; Escherichia coli; Seeds; Pathogens; Immunoassays; Germination DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765X.2001.00957.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the effectiveness of educational interventions in the Pennsylvania Central Region Farm Safety Pilot Project AN - 18084427; 5166614 AB - Background: Evaluation of agricultural safety interventions has frequently been identified as an area requiring further research. This study prospectively evaluates the effectiveness of three specific educational safety interventions in reducing farm hazards. Methods: Farm characteristics and hazard conditions at 216 farms in Pennsylvania were assessed through a questionnaire and objective audit, respectively, at both pre- and post-intervention time points. Counties were assigned to one of the following interventions: youth education, community coalition, self-audit, pre/post control, or post-only control group. Changes in hazard were analyzed through linear regression. Results: Self-audit was the most effective intervention, leading to a 20% reduction in hazard scores. The community coalition and pre/post control group also showed reductions. Conclusions: Intervention effectiveness significantly differed depending on initial hazards, indicating the need to target specific interventions for more or less hazardous farms. Findings of this prospective evaluation differed from the initial cross-sectional results, thus underscoring the need for longitudinal investigations. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Landsittel, D P AU - Murphy, D J AU - Kiernan, N E AU - Hard, D L AU - Kassab, C AD - Research Statistician, Health Effects and Laboratory Division, Biostatistics Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S L4020, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, del6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - Aug 2001 SP - 145 EP - 152 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - farming KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Hazards KW - Education KW - Occupational safety KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18084427?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+effectiveness+of+educational+interventions+in+the+Pennsylvania+Central+Region+Farm+Safety+Pilot+Project&rft.au=Landsittel%2C+D+P%3BMurphy%2C+D+J%3BKiernan%2C+N+E%3BHard%2C+D+L%3BKassab%2C+C&rft.aulast=Landsittel&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hazards; Education; Occupational safety; Agriculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA strand breaks, oxidative damage, and 1-OH pyrene in roofers with coal-tar pitch dust and/or asphalt fume exposure AN - 18082356; 5163794 AB - Objective: To determine the potential for asphalt fume exposure to increase DNA damage, we conducted a cross-sectional study of roofers involved in the application of roofing asphalt. Methods: DNA strand breaks and the ratio of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) to 2-deoxyguanosine (dG) were measured in peripheral blood leukocytes of roofers. In addition, urinary excretion of 8-OHdG and 8-epi-prostaglandin F2 alpha (8-epi-PGF) was also measured. The study population consisted of 26 roofers exposed to roofing asphalt and 15 construction workers not exposed to asphalt during the past 5 years. A subset of asphalt roofers (n19) was exposed to coal-tar pitch dust (coal tar) during removal of existing roofs prior to applying hot asphalt. Personal air monitoring was performed for one work-week to measure exposure to total particulates, benzene-soluble fraction of total particulates, and polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs). Urinary 1-OH-pyrene levels were measured as an internal biomarker of PAC exposure. Results: Full-shift breathing zone measurements for total particulates, benzene-solubles and PACs were significantly higher for coal-tar exposed workers than for roofers not exposed to coal tar. Similarly, urinary 1-OH-pyrene levels were higher in coal-tar exposed roofers than roofers not exposed to coal tar. Total particulates or benzene-soluble fractions were not associated with urinary 1-OH-pyrene, but PAC exposure was highly correlated with urinary 1-OH-pyrene. When stratified by 1-OH-pyrene excretion, DNA strand breaks increased in a dose-dependent manner, and leukocyte 8-OHdG/dG decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Significant changes in DNA damage appeared to be linked to PACs from coal-tar exposure, although asphalt fume alone was associated with a small but significant increase in urinary 1-OH-pyrene and DNA strand breaks. Conclusions: Results are consistent with previous reports that asphalt or coal-tar exposure can cause DNA damage. Urinary 8-epi-PGF remained relatively constant during the week for virtually all subjects, regardless of exposure indicating that neither asphalt nor coal-tar exposure induces an overt oxidative stress. A small, but statistically significant increase in 8OHdG was evident in end-of-week urine samples compared with start-of-week urine samples in roofers exposed to coal-tar. The increase in urinary 8OHdG coupled with the decrease in leukocyte 8-OHdG/dG, suggests that coal-tar exposure induces protective or repair mechanisms that result in reduced levels of steady-state oxidative-DNA damage. JF - International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health AU - Toraason, M AU - Hayden, C AU - Marlow, D AU - Rinehart, R AU - Mathias, P AU - Werren, D AU - DeBord, D G AU - Reid, T M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - Aug 2001 SP - 396 EP - 404 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00420/bibs/1074 006/10740396.htm] VL - 74 IS - 6 SN - 0340-0131, 0340-0131 KW - man KW - 2'-Deoxyguanosine KW - 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine KW - DNA damage KW - asphalt KW - pyrene KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Pyrene KW - Coal KW - Dust KW - Oxidative stress KW - Construction industry KW - Occupational exposure KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Fumes KW - Asphalt KW - Coal dust KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18082356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Archives+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=DNA+strand+breaks%2C+oxidative+damage%2C+and+1-OH+pyrene+in+roofers+with+coal-tar+pitch+dust+and%2For+asphalt+fume+exposure&rft.au=Toraason%2C+M%3BHayden%2C+C%3BMarlow%2C+D%3BRinehart%2C+R%3BMathias%2C+P%3BWerren%2C+D%3BDeBord%2C+D+G%3BReid%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Toraason&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=396&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Archives+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=03400131&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fumes; Dust; Occupational exposure; Construction industry; Coal; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; DNA damage; Oxidative stress; Pyrene; Coal dust; Asphalt ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using Dose Addition to Estimate Cumulative Risks from Exposures to Multiple Chemicals AN - 18076314; 5158243 AB - The Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996 requires the EPA to consider the cumulative risk from exposure to multiple chemicals that have a common mechanism of toxicity. Three methods, hazard index (HI), point-of-departure index (PODI), and toxicity equivalence factor (TEF), have commonly been considered to estimate the cumulative risk. These methods are based on estimates of ED sub(10) (point of departure) and reference doses from the dose-response functions of individual chemicals. They do not incorporate the actual dose-response function of the mixture from multiple chemical exposures. Dose addition is considered to be an appropriate approach to cumulative risk assessment because it assumes that the chemicals of interest act in accordance with a common mode of action (a similar action). This paper proposes a formal statistical procedure to estimate the cumulative risk by fitting the dose-response model of the mixture under dose addition. The relative potency between two chemicals is estimated directly from the joint dose response model of the mixture. An example data set of four drugs representing four chemicals is used to illustrate the proposed procedure and compare it to the HI, PODI, and TEF methods. JF - Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Chen, J J AU - Chen, Y AU - Rice, G AU - Teuschler, L K AU - Hamernik, K AU - Protzel, A AU - Kodell, R L AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, 72079 Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - Aug 2001 SP - 35 EP - 41 PB - Academic Press VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Chemicals KW - Food KW - Statistical analysis KW - Government policy KW - Models KW - Dose-response effects KW - Drugs KW - Toxicology KW - Mixtures KW - Toxicity KW - Legislation KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18076314?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Using+Dose+Addition+to+Estimate+Cumulative+Risks+from+Exposures+to+Multiple+Chemicals&rft.au=Chen%2C+J+J%3BChen%2C+Y%3BRice%2C+G%3BTeuschler%2C+L+K%3BHamernik%2C+K%3BProtzel%2C+A%3BKodell%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Frtph.2001.1485 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chemicals; Dose-response effects; Risk assessment; Toxicity; Drugs; Toxicology; Food; Government policy; Legislation; Statistical analysis; Models; Mixtures DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/rtph.2001.1485 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular Cloning, Nucleotide Sequence, and Expression of Genes Encoding a Polycyclic Aromatic Ring Dioxygenase from Mycobacterium sp. Strain PYR-1 AN - 17899598; 5148700 AB - Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1 degrades high-molecular-weight polycyclic hydrocarbons (PAHs) primarily through the introduction of both atoms of molecular oxygen by a dioxygenase. To clone the dioxygenase genes involved in PAH degradation, two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis of PAH-induced proteins from cultures of Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1 was used to detect proteins that increased after phenanthrene, dibenzothiophene, and pyrene exposure. Comparison of proteins from induced and uninduced cultures on 2D gels indicated that at least six major proteins were expressed (105, 81, 52, 50, 43, and 13 kDa). The N-terminal sequence of the 50- kDa protein was similar to those of other dioxygenases. A digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probe designed from this protein sequence was used to screen dioxygenase-positive clones from a genomic library of Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1. Three clones, each containing a 5,288-bp DNA insert with three genes of the dioxygenase system, were obtained. The genes in the DNA insert, from the 5' to the 3' direction, were a dehydrogenase, the dioxygenase small ( beta )-subunit, and the dioxygenase large ( alpha )-subunit genes, arranged in a sequence different from those of genes encoding other bacterial dioxygenase systems. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the large alpha subunit did not cluster with most of the known alpha -subunit sequences but rather with three newly described alpha subunits of dioxygenases from Rhodococcus spp. and Nocardioides spp. The genes from Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1 were subcloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli with the pBAD/ThioFusion system. The functionality of the genes for PAH degradation was confirmed in a phagemid clone containing all three genes, as well as in plasmid subclones containing the two genes encoding the dioxygenase subunits. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Khan, A A AU - Wang, R AU - Cao, W AU - Doerge AU - Wennerstrom, D AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, ccerniglia@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - Aug 2001 SP - 3577 EP - 3585 VL - 67 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - cDNA KW - amino acid sequence prediction KW - dibenzothiophene KW - dioxygenase KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mycobacterium KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Pyrene KW - Nocardioides KW - Rhodococcus KW - Escherichia coli KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Phenanthrene KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17899598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Molecular+Cloning%2C+Nucleotide+Sequence%2C+and+Expression+of+Genes+Encoding+a+Polycyclic+Aromatic+Ring+Dioxygenase+from+Mycobacterium+sp.+Strain+PYR-1&rft.au=Khan%2C+A+A%3BWang%2C+R%3BCao%2C+W%3BDoerge%3BWennerstrom%2C+D%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3577&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.67.8.3577-3585.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium; Rhodococcus; Nocardioides; Escherichia coli; Nucleotide sequence; Pyrene; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Phenanthrene DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.8.3577-3585.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Rapid Method for Determining the Tuberculocidal Activity of Liquid Chemical Germicides AN - 17890127; 5130143 AB - A rapid, quantitative method has been developed for determining the tuberculocidal activity of liquid chemical germicides. In this method, a test strain of Mycobacterium bovis that carries the firefly luciferase gene is exposed to a germicide, and the surviving bacteria are detected by bioluminescence. The tuberculocidal activities of five commercially available glutaraldehyde-based disinfectants were tested, and all reduced the number of surviving mycobacteria by greater than five orders of magnitude. In contrast, a phenol-based disinfectant with tuberculocidal claims gave less than one order of magnitude reduction of the test organism. With this method for determining tuberculocidal activity, results can be obtained in less than one day, compared with weeks or months for the standard tuberculocidal assays. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Erickson, B D AU - Campbell, W L AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, HFT-250, 3900 NCTR Rd., U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - Aug 2001 SP - 79 EP - 82 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - luciferase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Disinfectants KW - Bioluminescence KW - Drug sensitivity testing KW - Tuberculosis KW - Mycobacterium bovis KW - A 01069:Antimicrobial & microbiocidal KW - J 02803:Antiseptics and disinfectants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17890127?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+Rapid+Method+for+Determining+the+Tuberculocidal+Activity+of+Liquid+Chemical+Germicides&rft.au=Erickson%2C+B+D%3BCampbell%2C+W+L%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium bovis; Tuberculosis; Bioluminescence; Disinfectants; Drug sensitivity testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Listeria monocytogenes Lineage Group Classification by MAMA-PCR of the Listeriolysin Gene AN - 17889223; 5130139 AB - Nucleotide sequence differences within several virulence genes, including the listeriolysin O (hly) gene, are associated with three evolutionary lineage groups of Listeria monocytogenes. Because the ability of L. monocytogenes to cause disease may vary by evolutionary lineage group, rapid discrimination among the three lineage types may be important for estimating pathogenic potential. A Mismatch Amplification Mutation Assay (MAMA) was developed and used to rapidly screen and characterize L. monocytogenes isolates with regard to lineage type. A standard PCR amplified a 446-bp region within the hly gene with all three L. monocytogenes lineage genotypes. MAMA primers to four different sites within this region of the hly gene were designed to amplify under the same PCR conditions and generated amplicons, the size of which depended on the isolate genotype. Ninety-seven L. monocytogenes isolates were screened. All isolates, except ATCC 19116, could be classified by MAMA PCR as one of the three hly genotypes. Overall, 56, 36, and 4 of the 97 isolates tested were type 1, 2, or 3 respectively. Among the 26 patient isolates, 85%, 15%, and 0% were type 1, 2, or 3 respectively; for the 60 food isolates, 54% were type 1, 43% were type 2, and 3% were type 3. The combination of these MAMA PCR analyses provides a rapid method to screen and categorize L. monocytogenes isolates because of conserved nucleotide differences within the hly gene. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Jinneman, K C AU - Hill, W E AD - Seafood Products Research Center, Pacific Regional Laboratory-Northwest, Food and Drug Administration, 22201 23rd Dr. SE,, Bothell, WA 98021-4421, USA Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - Aug 2001 SP - 129 EP - 133 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Mismatch amplification mutation assay KW - hly gene KW - lineage groups KW - listeriolysin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Genotyping KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17889223?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Listeria+monocytogenes+Lineage+Group+Classification+by+MAMA-PCR+of+the+Listeriolysin+Gene&rft.au=Jinneman%2C+K+C%3BHill%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Jinneman&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Genotyping; Polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of glutaraldehyde polymerization on oxygen transport and redox properties of bovine hemoglobin. AN - 70987964; 11437354 AB - Crosslinking of bovine Hb (HbBv) with glutaraldehyde produces a mixture of low oxygen affinity (P(50)) tetrameric and polymeric Hb species (PolyHbBv). Under physiological conditions the P(50) of HbBv and PolyHbBv were 27 and 35 mmHg, respectively. The dependence of the P(50) on pH and chloride ions and the cooperativity (n(50)) of the protein were diminished as a result of glutaraldehyde modification. Rapid kinetic studies showed greater overall rates of oxygen dissociation (k(off)) with little or no change in the association of CO (k(on)) to the modified protein. The rate of nitric oxide (NO)-induced oxidation of the PolyHbBv was slightly lower than that of HbBv. Autoxidation rate of PolyHbBv was 1.4 times faster than that of HbBv. The reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with the ferrous (Fe(2+)) and ferric (Fe(3+)) forms of the proteins led to the formation of a more stable ferrylHb (Fe(4+)) in the case of PolyHbBv. Glutaraldehyde polymerization of HbBv alters its normal allosteric mechanisms, autoxidation kinetics and other related redox properties, which may compromise its function and cause greater toxicity when used as an oxygen transport fluid. Copyright 2001 Academic Press. JF - Archives of biochemistry and biophysics AU - Alayash, A I AU - Summers, A G AU - Wood, F AU - Jia, Y AD - Laboratory of Plasma Derivatives, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. alayash@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/07/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jul 15 SP - 225 EP - 234 VL - 391 IS - 2 SN - 0003-9861, 0003-9861 KW - Hemoglobins KW - 0 KW - Polymers KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Glutaral KW - T3C89M417N KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Polymers -- pharmacology KW - Oxidation-Reduction -- drug effects KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Kinetics KW - Nitric Oxide -- metabolism KW - Biological Transport -- drug effects KW - Glutaral -- chemistry KW - Hemoglobins -- metabolism KW - Glutaral -- pharmacology KW - Oxygen -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70987964?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+biochemistry+and+biophysics&rft.atitle=Effects+of+glutaraldehyde+polymerization+on+oxygen+transport+and+redox+properties+of+bovine+hemoglobin.&rft.au=Alayash%2C+A+I%3BSummers%2C+A+G%3BWood%2C+F%3BJia%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Alayash&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-07-15&rft.volume=391&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+biochemistry+and+biophysics&rft.issn=00039861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-08-09 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methamphetamine-induced alteration in striatal p53 and bcl-2 expressions in mice AN - 18076901; 5155784 AB - Methamphetamine (METH)-induced alterations in the expression of p53 and bcl-2 protein were studied in the striatum of wild type, neuronal nitric oxide synthase knockout (nNOS -/-) and copper zinc superoxide dismutase overexpressed (SOD-Tg) mice. METH treatment up-regulated p53 and down-regulated bcl-2 expression in the striatum of wild type mice. No significant alterations were observed in the expression of these proteins in the nNOS -/- or SOD-Tg mice. These data suggest that METH might cause its neurotoxic effects via the production of free radicals and secondary perturbations in the expression of genes known to be involved in apoptosis and cell death machinery. JF - Molecular Brain Research AU - Imam, S Z AU - Itzhak, Y AU - Cadet, J L AU - Islam, F AU - Slikker, W AU - Ali, S F AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, HFT-132, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, 3900 NCTR Rd., 72079-9502 Jefferson, AR USA Y1 - 2001/07/13/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jul 13 SP - 174 EP - 178 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 91 IS - 1-2 SN - 0169-328X, 0169-328X KW - mice KW - bcl-2 gene KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - Apoptosis KW - Gene expression KW - Superoxide dismutase KW - Neostriatum KW - Free radicals KW - p53 protein KW - Nitric-oxide synthase KW - Methamphetamine KW - X 24117:Biochemistry KW - N3 11106:Neurobiology of drug abuse KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18076901?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Brain+Research&rft.atitle=Methamphetamine-induced+alteration+in+striatal+p53+and+bcl-2+expressions+in+mice&rft.au=Imam%2C+S+Z%3BItzhak%2C+Y%3BCadet%2C+J+L%3BIslam%2C+F%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BAli%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Imam&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-07-13&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=174&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Brain+Research&rft.issn=0169328X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gene expression; Superoxide dismutase; Nitric-oxide synthase; Free radicals; Apoptosis; Neostriatum; p53 protein; Methamphetamine ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The Surgeon General's call to action to promote sexual health and responsible sexual behavior AN - 59835157; 2001-0901610 AB - Focuses on the need to promote sexual health and responsible sexual behavior throughout the lifespan; public health problems and risk and protective factors; evidence-based intervention models, and strategies for increasing awareness, implementing and strengthening interventions, and expanding the research base; 1990s, chiefly. Promoting responsible sexual behavior is included among the Surgeon General's public health priorities, and is one of "Healthy People 2010" report's ten leading health indicators for the nation. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, July 9 2001. Y1 - 2001/07/09/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jul 09 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Reproductive health -- United States KW - Sexual behavior -- United States KW - Public health -- United States KW - United States -- Health conditions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59835157?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-07-09&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=The+Surgeon+General%27s+call+to+action+to+promote+sexual+health+and+responsible+sexual+behavior&rft.title=The+Surgeon+General%27s+call+to+action+to+promote+sexual+health+and+responsible+sexual+behavior&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/sexualhealth/call.htm LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Document feature - bibl(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methodological issues of using observational human data in lung dosimetry models for particulates. AN - 70999932; 11453306 AB - The use of human data to calibrate and validate a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model has the clear advantage of pertaining to the species of interest, namely humans. A challenge in using these data is their often sparse, heterogeneous nature, which may require special methods. Approaches for evaluating sources of variability and uncertainty in a human lung dosimetry model are described in this study. A multivariate optimization procedure was used to fit a dosimetry model to data of 131 U.S. coal miners. These data include workplace exposures and end-of-life particle burdens in the lungs and hilar lymph nodes. Uncertainty in model structure was investigated by fitting various model forms for particle clearance and sequestration of particles in the lung interstitium. A sensitivity analysis was performed to determine which model parameters had the most influence on model output. Distributions of clearance parameters were estimated by fitting the model to each individual's data, and this information was used to predict inter-individual differences in lung particle burdens at given exposures. The influence of smoking history, race and pulmonary fibrosis on the individual's estimated clearance parameters was also evaluated. The model structure that provided the best fit to these coal miner data includes a first-order interstitialization process and no dose-dependent decline in alveolar clearance. The parameter that had the largest influence on model output is fractional deposition. Race and fibrosis severity category were statistically significant predictors of individual's estimated alveolar clearance rate coefficients (P < 0.03 and P < 0.01-0.06, respectively), but smoking history (ever, never) was not (P < 0.4). Adjustments for these group differences provided some improvement in the dosimetry model fit (up to 25% reduction in the mean squared error), although unexplained inter-individual differences made up the largest source of variability. Lung burdens were inversely associated with the miners' estimated clearance parameters, e.g. individuals with slower estimated clearance had higher observed lung burdens. The methods described in this study were used to examine issues of uncertainty in the model structure and variability of the miners' estimated clearance parameters. Estimated individual clearance had a large influence on predicted lung burden, which would also affect disease risk. These findings are useful for risk assessment, by providing estimates of the distribution of lung burdens expected under given exposure conditions. JF - The Science of the total environment AU - Kuempel, E D AU - Tran, C L AU - Bailer, A J AU - Smith, R J AU - Dankovic, D A AU - Stayner, L T AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA. ekuempel@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/07/02/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jul 02 SP - 67 EP - 77 VL - 274 IS - 1-3 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Smoking KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Lymph Nodes -- pathology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Metabolic Clearance Rate KW - Calibration KW - Models, Statistical KW - Coal Mining KW - Body Burden KW - Lung Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Toxicology -- methods KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Models, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70999932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Science+of+the+total+environment&rft.atitle=Methodological+issues+of+using+observational+human+data+in+lung+dosimetry+models+for+particulates.&rft.au=Kuempel%2C+E+D%3BTran%2C+C+L%3BBailer%2C+A+J%3BSmith%2C+R+J%3BDankovic%2C+D+A%3BStayner%2C+L+T&rft.aulast=Kuempel&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-07-02&rft.volume=274&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Science+of+the+total+environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-08-09 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationships among calcaneal backscatter, attenuation, sound speed, hip bone mineral density, and age in normal adult women. AN - 85349659; pmid-11508981 AB - The present study was undertaken in order to investigate the use of calcaneal ultrasonic backscatter for the application of diagnosis of osteoporosis. Broadband ultrasonic attenuation (BUA), speed of sound (SOS), the average backscatter coefficient (ABC), and the hip bone mineral density (BMD) were measured in calcanea in 47 women (average age: 58 years, standard deviation: 13 years). All three ultrasound variables had comparable correlations with hip BMD (around 0.5). As reported previously by others, BUA and SOS were rather highly correlated with each other. The logarithm of the ABC was only moderately correlated with the other two. The three ultrasound parameters exhibited similar moderate negative correlations with age. These results taken collectively suggest that the ABC may carry important diagnostic information independent of that contained in BUA and SOS and, therefore, may be useful as an adjunct measurement in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. JF - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America AU - Wear, K A AU - Armstrong, D W AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. kaw@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - Jul 2001 SP - 573 EP - 578 VL - 110 IS - 1 SN - 0001-4966, 0001-4966 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Achilles Tendon: ultrasonography KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - *Aging: physiology KW - *Bone Density: physiology KW - *Calcaneus: ultrasonography KW - Female KW - *Hip Joint: ultrasonography KW - Humans KW - Middle Aged KW - Reference Values KW - Scattering, Radiation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85349659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Relationships+among+calcaneal+backscatter%2C+attenuation%2C+sound+speed%2C+hip+bone+mineral+density%2C+and+age+in+normal+adult+women.&rft.au=Wear%2C+K+A%3BArmstrong%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Wear&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=573&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00014966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibitory effect of glycolic acid on ultraviolet-induced skin tumorigenesis in SKH-1 hairless mice and its mechanism of action. AN - 71062776; 11479924 AB - Glycolic acid, an alpha-hydroxy acid derived from fruit and milk sugars, has been used commonly as a cosmetic ingredient since it was discovered to have photoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects and antioxidant effects on ultraviolet (UV)B-irradiated skin. Little is known, however, about the functional role of glycolic acid on UV-induced skin tumorigenesis. In the present study, we examined the effect of glycolic acid on UV (UVA + UVB)-induced skin tumorigenesis and assessed several significant contributing factors in SKH-1 hairless mice. Inbred hairless female mice (15 animals/group) were irradiated for 5 d/wk at a total dose of 74.85 J/cm(2) UVA and 2.44 J/cm(2) UVB for 22 wk. Glycolic acid was applied topically twice a week at a dose of 8 mg/cm(2) immediately after UV irradiation. Glycolic acid reduced UV-induced skin tumor development. The protective effect of glycolic acid was a 20% reduction of skin tumor incidence, a 55% reduction of tumor multiplicity (average number of tumors/mouse), and a 47% decrease in the number of large tumors (larger than 2 mm). Glycolic acid also delayed the first appearance of tumor formation by about 3 wk. The inhibitory effect of glycolic acid on UV-induced tumor development was accompanied by decreased expression of the following UV-induced cell-cycle regulatory proteins: proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin D1, cyclin E, and the associated subunits cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (cdk2) and cdk4. In addition, the expression of p38 kinase, jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) also was lower in UV + glycolic acid-treated skin compared with expression in UV-irradiated skin. Moreover, transcription factors activator protein 1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation was significantly lower in UV + glycolic acid-treated skin compared with activation in UV-irradiated skin. These results show that glycolic acid reduced UV-induced skin tumor development. The decreased expression of the cell-cycle regulatory proteins PCNA, cyclin D1, cyclin E, cdk2, and cdk4 and the signal mediators JNK, p38 kinase, and MEK may play a significant role in the inhibitory effect of glycolic acid on UV-induced skin tumor development. In addition, the inhibition of activation of transcription factors AP-1 and NF-kappaB could contribute significantly to the inhibitory effect of glycolic acid. Copyright 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - Molecular carcinogenesis AU - Hong, J T AU - Kim, E J AU - Ahn, K S AU - Jung, K M AU - Yun, Y P AU - Park, Y K AU - Lee, S H AD - Department of Toxicology, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea. Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - July 2001 SP - 152 EP - 160 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0899-1987, 0899-1987 KW - Cyclin E KW - 0 KW - Glycolates KW - NF-kappa B KW - Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 KW - Transcription Factors KW - glycolic acid KW - 0WT12SX38S KW - Cyclin D1 KW - 136601-57-5 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.1 KW - CDC2-CDC28 Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.22 KW - Cdk2 protein, mouse KW - Cdk4 protein, mouse KW - Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 KW - Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 KW - Cyclin-Dependent Kinases KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Transcription Factors -- metabolism KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 -- biosynthesis KW - Cell Nucleus -- metabolism KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Enzyme Activation KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Cyclin D1 -- biosynthesis KW - Mice, Hairless KW - Cyclin E -- biosynthesis KW - Protein Binding KW - Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen -- biosynthesis KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases -- biosynthesis KW - Blotting, Western KW - Down-Regulation KW - Cyclin-Dependent Kinases -- biosynthesis KW - Time Factors KW - Signal Transduction KW - Female KW - NF-kappa B -- metabolism KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Skin Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- metabolism KW - Glycolates -- pharmacology KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- prevention & control KW - Skin Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Skin Neoplasms -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71062776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Inhibitory+effect+of+glycolic+acid+on+ultraviolet-induced+skin+tumorigenesis+in+SKH-1+hairless+mice+and+its+mechanism+of+action.&rft.au=Hong%2C+J+T%3BKim%2C+E+J%3BAhn%2C+K+S%3BJung%2C+K+M%3BYun%2C+Y+P%3BPark%2C+Y+K%3BLee%2C+S+H&rft.aulast=Hong&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=152&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+carcinogenesis&rft.issn=08991987&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-08-30 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential effects of two NMDA receptor antagonists on cognitive--behavioral performance in young nonhuman primates II. AN - 71060867; 11485836 AB - The present experiment examined the effects of chronic exposure to remacemide (an NMDA antagonist that also blocks fast sodium channels) or MK-801 (which blocks NMDA receptors more selectively) on the acquisition of color and position discrimination and short-term memory behavior in juvenile rhesus monkeys. Throughout the 2-year dosing period, a conditioned position responding (CPR) task was used to assess color and position discrimination and a delayed matching-to-sample (DMTS) task was used to assess memory. Chronic exposure to high doses of either drug delayed the acquisition of accurate color and position discrimination without altering response rates. In the case of MK-801, these effects abated within 6 months of the start of treatment. In the case of remacemide, the effects persisted for 17 months of dosing. Neither compound significantly altered performance of the short-term memory task at any time point or at any dose tested. The fact that the effects of remacemide on behavioral performance were more persistent than those seen for MK-801 suggests that tolerance may develop to the behavioral effects of MK-801, which does not develop to the effects of remacemide. Alternatively, these results may suggest that the concurrent antagonism of NMDA receptors and fast sodium channels may have more profound consequences for behavior than does the antagonism of NMDA receptors alone. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Popke, E J AU - Allen, R R AU - Pearson, E C AU - Hammond, T G AU - Paule, M G AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, HFT-132, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. PY - 2001 SP - 333 EP - 347 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Acetamides KW - 0 KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate KW - Dizocilpine Maleate KW - 6LR8C1B66Q KW - remacemide KW - EH6763C1IC KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Restraint, Physical KW - Discrimination (Psychology) -- drug effects KW - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome KW - Reward KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Female KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Acetamides -- pharmacology KW - Cognition -- drug effects KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Color Perception -- physiology KW - Memory, Short-Term -- physiology KW - Memory, Short-Term -- drug effects KW - Color Perception -- drug effects KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- pharmacology KW - Dizocilpine Maleate -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71060867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Differential+effects+of+two+NMDA+receptor+antagonists+on+cognitive--behavioral+performance+in+young+nonhuman+primates+II.&rft.au=Popke%2C+E+J%3BAllen%2C+R+R%3BPearson%2C+E+C%3BHammond%2C+T+G%3BPaule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Popke&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of acute sensory--motor effects and test sensitivity using termiticide workers exposed to chlorpyrifos. AN - 71060217; 11485841 AB - Sensory and motor testing was performed on a group of termiticide workers primarily using chlorpyrifos-containing products to evaluate both the acute effects from current exposure and sensitivity of the measures to detect effects. The study group comprised 106 applicators and 52 nonexposed participants. Current exposure was measured by urinary concentrations of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) collected the morning of testing. The mean TCP value for the 106 applicators was 200 microg/g creatinine. Participants received 4--5 h of testing and were evaluated using a sensory--motor test battery recommended by a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)-sponsored advisory panel to be appropriate for testing effects from pesticide exposures. Measurements testing olfactory dysfunction, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, color vision, vibrotactile sensitivity, tremor, manual dexterity, eye--hand coordination, and postural stability were analyzed. Study results indicated limited acute effects from exposure to chlorpyrifos using urinary TCP as a measure of current exposure. The effects occurred primarily on measures of postural sway in the eyes closed and soft-surface conditions, which suggests a possible subclinical effect involving the proprioceptive and vestibular systems. Several other tests of motor and sensory functions did not show any evidence of acute exposure effects, although statistically significant effects of urinary TCP on the Lanthony color vision test scores and one contrast sensitivity test score were found. The visual measures, however, were not significant when a step-down Bonferroni correction was applied. Information also is presented on the sensitivity of the measures to detect effects in an occupationally exposed population using standard error of the parameter estimates. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Dick, R B AU - Steenland, K AU - Krieg, E F AU - Hines, C J AD - Division of Applied Research and Technology, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. maudbay@wans.net PY - 2001 SP - 381 EP - 393 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Pyridones KW - 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol KW - 6515-38-4 KW - Creatinine KW - AYI8EX34EU KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Pyridones -- urine KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Tremor KW - Smell KW - Creatinine -- blood KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Touch KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Herbicides -- urine KW - Psychomotor Performance -- drug effects KW - Vibration KW - Color Perception KW - North Carolina KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Posture KW - Visual Acuity KW - Male KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Insecticides -- poisoning KW - Pest Control KW - Chlorpyrifos -- poisoning KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Isoptera UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71060217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+acute+sensory--motor+effects+and+test+sensitivity+using+termiticide+workers+exposed+to+chlorpyrifos.&rft.au=Dick%2C+R+B%3BSteenland%2C+K%3BKrieg%2C+E+F%3BHines%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Dick&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential effects of two NMDA receptor antagonists on cognitive-behavioral development in nonhuman primates I. AN - 71052901; 11485835 AB - The present experiment examined effects of chronic exposure to remacemide (an N-methyl-D-aspartate [NMDA] antagonist which also blocks fast sodium channels) or MK-801 (which blocks NMDA receptors, exclusively) on learning and motivation in young rhesus monkeys. Remacemide (20 or 50 mg/kg/day) or MK-801 (0.1 or 1.0 mg/kg/day) was administered every day to separate groups of animals via orogastric gavage for up to 2 years. Immediately prior to dosing, 5 days per week (M--F), throughout the 2-year dosing period, an incremental repeated acquisition (IRA) task was used to assess learning and a progressive ratio (PR) task was used to assess motivation. The results indicate an effect of 50 mg/kg/day remacemide to impair learning (IRA) which persisted even after drug treatment was discontinued. MK-801 had no effect on learning but transiently increased motivation. Because the effects of remacemide occurred independently of changes in motivation or response rates, they are likely due to specific cognitive impairments and are not due to an inability of subjects to fulfill the motoric requirements of the task. The fact that MK-801 did not alter learning suggests that NMDA antagonism alone may be insufficient to produce learning deficits in young monkeys and that such deficits may rely on the ancillary blockade of fast sodium channels. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Popke, E J AU - Allen, R R AU - Pearson, E C AU - Hammond, T G AU - Paule, M G AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, HFT-132, National Center for Toxicological Research, US FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. PY - 2001 SP - 319 EP - 332 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Acetamides KW - 0 KW - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate KW - Dizocilpine Maleate KW - 6LR8C1B66Q KW - remacemide KW - EH6763C1IC KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Reinforcement (Psychology) KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Time Factors KW - Primates KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Cognition -- physiology KW - Acetamides -- pharmacology KW - Cognition -- drug effects KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- pharmacology KW - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists -- pharmacology KW - Dizocilpine Maleate -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71052901?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Differential+effects+of+two+NMDA+receptor+antagonists+on+cognitive-behavioral+development+in+nonhuman+primates+I.&rft.au=Popke%2C+E+J%3BAllen%2C+R+R%3BPearson%2C+E+C%3BHammond%2C+T+G%3BPaule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Popke&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Importance of inflammatory and immune components in a mouse model of airway reactivity to toluene diisocyanate (TDI). AN - 71035684; 11467998 AB - Nearly 9 million individuals are exposed to agents in the workplace associated with asthma, and isocyanates represent the most common cause of occupationally induced asthma. Nonetheless, the immunological mechanisms responsible for isocyanate-induced asthma are not clear. A murine model for toluene diisocyanate (TDI) asthma is described and employed to examine inflammatory and immune components that may be involved in the disease. Groups (n = 6) of C57BL/6J and athymic mice were sensitized by subcutaneous injection (20 microl on day 1, 5 microl on days 4 and 11), and 7 days later challenged by inhalation (100 p.p.b., days 20, 22 and 24) with TDI. Twenty-four hours following the last challenge the tracheae and lungs were examined for histological changes as well as for the expression of Th1, Th2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mice were also examined for airway reactivity to methacholine challenge and for specific and total IgE and IgG antibodies. TDI sensitization resulted in increased reactivity to methacholine challenge as well as a significant inflammatory response in the trachea and nares of wild-type mice, but not in the athymic mice nor in the lungs of the C57BL/6J mice. Airway inflammation was characterized by inflammatory cell influx, goblet cell metaplasia and epithelial damage. Histological changes in the trachea were accompanied by increased mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-4, tumour necrosis factor alpha, lymphotoxin beta, lymphotactin and Rantes, as well as TDI-specific IgG antibodies and elevated levels of total IgE. IgE-specific antibodies were not detected with this exposure regimen but were produced when the TDI concentrations were increased. These studies provide a unique murine model for occupational asthma that generates both inflammatory and immune mediators similar to those occurring in TDI-induced asthma in humans. JF - Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology AU - Matheson, J M AU - Lange, R W AU - Lemus, R AU - Karol, M H AU - Luster, M I AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - July 2001 SP - 1067 EP - 1076 VL - 31 IS - 7 SN - 0954-7894, 0954-7894 KW - Inflammation Mediators KW - 0 KW - Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate KW - 17X7AFZ1GH KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice, Nude KW - Mice KW - Asthma -- chemically induced KW - Bronchi -- immunology KW - Female KW - Asthma -- immunology KW - Bronchial Hyperreactivity -- immunology KW - Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate -- immunology KW - Inflammation Mediators -- immunology KW - Disease Models, Animal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71035684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+experimental+allergy+%3A+journal+of+the+British+Society+for+Allergy+and+Clinical+Immunology&rft.atitle=Importance+of+inflammatory+and+immune+components+in+a+mouse+model+of+airway+reactivity+to+toluene+diisocyanate+%28TDI%29.&rft.au=Matheson%2C+J+M%3BLange%2C+R+W%3BLemus%2C+R%3BKarol%2C+M+H%3BLuster%2C+M+I&rft.aulast=Matheson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1067&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+experimental+allergy+%3A+journal+of+the+British+Society+for+Allergy+and+Clinical+Immunology&rft.issn=09547894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-09-20 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fire fighting hazards during propane tank fires. AN - 71017203; 11458917 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - July 2001 SP - 721 EP - 722 VL - 16 IS - 7 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Propane KW - T75W9911L6 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Explosions KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Fires KW - Propane -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71017203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Fire+fighting+hazards+during+propane+tank+fires.&rft.au=National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.aulast=National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=721&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Full parity: steps toward treatment equity for mental and addictive disorders. AN - 71017109; 11463090 AB - The 1996 Mental Health Parity Act requiring equal annual and lifetime dollar limits for mental health benefits is to sunset 30 September 2001. This paper reviews the impact and limitations of both this law and existing state provisions and describes recent research on the actual and projected costs associated with such laws. We contend that full parity provided within the context of managed care not only is possible, but represents a "sequential" rather than a final step toward the broader goal of achieving equity in the treatment of persons with mental and addictive disorders. JF - Health affairs (Project Hope) AU - Hennessy, K D AU - Goldman, H H AD - Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, USA. PY - 2001 SP - 58 EP - 67 VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0278-2715, 0278-2715 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Civil Rights -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- therapy KW - Mental Health Services -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Mental Disorders -- therapy KW - Mental Health Services -- economics KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- economics KW - Social Justice -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Health Services Accessibility -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Mental Disorders -- economics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71017109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+affairs+%28Project+Hope%29&rft.atitle=Full+parity%3A+steps+toward+treatment+equity+for+mental+and+addictive+disorders.&rft.au=Hennessy%2C+K+D%3BGoldman%2C+H+H&rft.aulast=Hennessy&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=58&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+affairs+%28Project+Hope%29&rft.issn=02782715&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-08-16 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Health Aff (Millwood). 2001 Sep-Oct;20(5):300-1 [11558716] Health Aff (Millwood). 2001 Sep-Oct;20(5):299-300 [11558714] Health Aff (Millwood). 2001 Jul-Aug;20(4):77-9 [11463092] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal inactivation kinetics of Salmonella spp. within intact eggs heated using humidity-controlled air. AN - 71015222; 11456199 AB - The heat resistance of six strains of Salmonella (including Enteritidis, Heidelberg, and Typhimurium) in liquid whole egg and shell eggs was determined. Decimal reduction times (D-values) of each of the six strains were determined in liquid whole egg heated at 56.7 degrees C within glass capillary tubes immersed in a water bath. D-values ranged from 3.05 to 4.09 min, and significant differences were observed between the strains tested (alpha = 0.05). In addition, approximately 7 log10 CFU/g of a six-strain cocktail was inoculated into the geometric center of raw shell eggs and the eggs heated at 57.2 degrees C using convection currents of humidity-controlled air. D-values of the pooled salmonellae ranged from 5.49 to 6.12 min within the center of intact shell eggs. A heating period of 70 min or more resulted in no surviving salmonellae being detected (i.e., an 8.7-log reduction per egg). JF - Journal of food protection AU - Brackett, R E AU - Schuman, J D AU - Ball, H R AU - Scouten, A J AD - Center for Food Safety and Quality Enhancement, University of Georgia, Griffin 30223, USA. Robert.Brackett@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - July 2001 SP - 934 EP - 938 VL - 64 IS - 7 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Convection KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Food Microbiology KW - Heating KW - Humidity KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Salmonella -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71015222?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Thermal+inactivation+kinetics+of+Salmonella+spp.+within+intact+eggs+heated+using+humidity-controlled+air.&rft.au=Brackett%2C+R+E%3BSchuman%2C+J+D%3BBall%2C+H+R%3BScouten%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Brackett&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=934&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-10-25 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of local exhaust ventilation to control aerosol exposures resulting from the use of a reciprocating saw during autopsy. AN - 71015141; 11458915 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Martinez, K AU - Tubbs, R L AU - Ow, P AD - Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance Branch of NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - July 2001 SP - 709 EP - 717 VL - 16 IS - 7 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Autopsy KW - Surgical Equipment KW - Skull KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Facility Design and Construction KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Ventilation KW - Coroners and Medical Examiners UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71015141?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Use+of+local+exhaust+ventilation+to+control+aerosol+exposures+resulting+from+the+use+of+a+reciprocating+saw+during+autopsy.&rft.au=Martinez%2C+K%3BTubbs%2C+R+L%3BOw%2C+P&rft.aulast=Martinez&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=709&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of 3M porous polymer extraction discs in assessing protective clothing chemical permeation. AN - 71012444; 11458919 AB - The aim of the study was to assess the use of 3M porous polymer extraction discs (3M Empore sorbent filters) for detection of chemical permeation of protective clothing. Analysis of some commonly used solvents on 3M Empore sorbent filters was performed for methanol, acetone, trichloroethylene (TriCE), and toluene by solvent desorption and gas chromatography. All solvents exhibited >98 percent adsorption on the filters at a spiking level of 1.8 microL for each solvent. Solvent recovery for the system was calculated for each solvent, ranging from 72-94 percent (RSD < or = 4.0%) for all solvents over the spiking range 0.2-1.8 microL. The modified ASTM F739 method was used to determine breakthrough times for five protective glove materials (polyvinyl chloride, natural rubber, polymerized alkene, nitrile, and nitrile butyl rubber) using the model solvents as test chemicals. Breakthrough times for each type of protective glove were determined, and found to range from 36 s to 9 min for acetone, from 142 s to 52 min for methanol, from 18 s to 12 min for TriCE, and from 32 s to 28 min for toluene. The quantitative mass of the solvents on the filters at the time of breakthrough detection ranged from 150-159, 157-166, 570-581, and 371-382 microg/cm2 for acetone, methanol, TriCE, and toluene, respectively. The sorbent filter should find utility in collecting chemical permeation samples through protective gloves in both laboratory and field studies for quantitative analysis. JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Vo, E AU - Berardinelli, S P AU - Boeniger, M AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - July 2001 SP - 729 EP - 735 VL - 16 IS - 7 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Polymers KW - 0 KW - Solvents KW - Index Medicus KW - Permeability KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Administration, Cutaneous KW - Humans KW - Polymers -- chemistry KW - Protective Clothing KW - Materials Testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71012444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=The+use+of+3M+porous+polymer+extraction+discs+in+assessing+protective+clothing+chemical+permeation.&rft.au=Vo%2C+E%3BBerardinelli%2C+S+P%3BBoeniger%2C+M&rft.aulast=Vo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=729&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regioselective differences in C(8)- and N-oxidation of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline by human and rat liver microsomes and cytochromes P450 1A2. AN - 71003193; 11453738 AB - The metabolism of the mutagen 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) was investigated with human and rat liver microsomes, recombinant human cytochrome P450 1A2 (P450 1A2) expressed in Escherichia coli cells, and rat P450 1A2. Human liver microsomes and human P450 1A2 catalyzed the oxidation of the exocyclic amine group of MeIQx to form the genotoxic product 2-(hydroxyamino)-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (HONH-MeIQx). Human P450 1A2 also catalyzed the oxidation of C(8)-methyl group of MeIQx to form 2-amino-(8-hydroxymethyl)-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (8-CH(2)OH-IQx), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline-8-carbaldehyde (IQx-8-CHO), and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline-8-carboxylic acid (IQx-8-COOH). Thus, chemically stable C(8)-oxidation products of MeIQx may be useful biomarkers of P450 1A2 activity in humans. Rat liver microsomes were 10-15-fold less active than the human counterpart at both N-oxidation and C(8)-oxidation of MeIQx when expressed as nanomoles of product formed per minute per nanomoles of P450 1A2. Differences in regioselective oxidation of MeIQx were also observed with human and rat liver microsomes and the respective P450 1A2 orthologs. In contrast to human liver microsomes and P450 1A2, rat liver microsomes and purified rat P4501A2 were unable to catalyze the oxidation of MeIQx to the carboxylic derivative IQx-8-COOH, an important detoxication product formed in humans. However, rat liver microsomes and rat P4501A2, but not human liver microsomes or human P450 1A2, extensively catalyzed ring oxidation at the C-5 position of MeIQx to form the detoxication product 2-amino-3,8-dimethyl-5-hydroxyimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (5-HO-MeIQx). There are important differences between human and rat P450 1A2, both in catalytic activities and oxidation pathways of MeIQx, that may affect the biological activity of this carcinogen and must be considered when assessing human health risk. JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Turesky, R J AU - Parisod, V AU - Huynh-Ba, T AU - Langouët, S AU - Guengerich, F P AD - Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland. Rturesky@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - July 2001 SP - 901 EP - 911 VL - 14 IS - 7 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - Amines KW - 0 KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Mutagens KW - Quinoxalines KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoxaline KW - 77500-04-0 KW - Theophylline KW - C137DTR5RG KW - furafylline KW - C2087G0XX3 KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase KW - EC 1.6.2.4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Hepatocytes -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Amines -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Inactivation, Metabolic KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Biotransformation KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Kinetics KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Substrate Specificity KW - Species Specificity KW - Hepatocytes -- metabolism KW - Theophylline -- analogs & derivatives KW - Quinoxalines -- chemistry KW - Theophylline -- pharmacology KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Quinoxalines -- toxicity KW - Quinoxalines -- metabolism KW - Microsomes, Liver -- drug effects KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 -- metabolism KW - NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71003193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Regioselective+differences+in+C%288%29-+and+N-oxidation+of+2-amino-3%2C8-dimethylimidazo%5B4%2C5-f%5Dquinoxaline+by+human+and+rat+liver+microsomes+and+cytochromes+P450+1A2.&rft.au=Turesky%2C+R+J%3BParisod%2C+V%3BHuynh-Ba%2C+T%3BLangou%C3%ABt%2C+S%3BGuengerich%2C+F+P&rft.aulast=Turesky&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=901&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polycystic kidney disease induced in F(1) Sprague-Dawley rats fed para-nonylphenol in a soy-free, casein-containing diet. AN - 70933500; 11399801 AB - para-Nonylphenol (NP; CAS #84852-15-3), an alkylphenol with a 9-carbon olefin side chain, is widely used in the manufacture of nonionic surfactants, lubricant additives, polymer stabilizers, and antioxidants. Due to its wide commercial use and putative endocrine activity in humans and wildlife, the NTP elected to assess its effects on reproduction in multigenerational studies. To avoid known estrogenic activity of phytoestrogens in soy and alfalfa, a soy- and alfalfa-free, casein-containing diet was used in a range-finding study to determine the doses of NP to be tested further. NP was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats in the diet at 0, 5, 25, 200, 500, 1000, or 2000 ppm to F(0) dams beginning on gestation-day 7. The F(1) pups were weaned at postnatal day (PND) 21, and their exposure via diet was continued at the same dose level as their respective dams. Pup weights from birth through weaning were not significantly different from controls in any dose group, but the average weight of both sexes was significantly less compared to controls, beginning with the PND 28 weighing. The F(1) rats were sacrificed on PND 50 (n = 15, 3 pups of each sex from 5 litters for all dose groups). Terminal body weights of males and females in the 2000-ppm dose group were 74% and 85% of controls, respectively. Severe polycystic kidney disease (PKD) was present in 100% of the 2000 ppm-exposed male and female rats. At 1000 ppm, 67% of males and 53% of females had mild to moderate PKD versus none of either sex in the control and lower-dose groups. The no-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for PKD was determined to be 500 ppm. Previous studies with comparable duration and route of exposure, but using soy-containing diets, reported either no or only mild PKD at 2000 ppm NP. We conclude that the renal toxicity of NP is highly dependent on the diet on which the animals are maintained. The potential interaction of diet and test compounds on nonreproductive as well as reproductive endpoints should be considered when contemplating the use of special diets formulated to minimize exogenous "hormone" content for the study of the effects of putative endocrine disruptive chemicals. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Latendresse, J R AU - Newbold, R R AU - Weis, C C AU - Delclos, K B AD - Pathology Associates International, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. jlatendresse@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - July 2001 SP - 140 EP - 147 VL - 62 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Caseins KW - 0 KW - Phenols KW - Soybean Proteins KW - 4-nonylphenol KW - I03GBV4WEL KW - Index Medicus KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Soybean Proteins -- administration & dosage KW - Animals, Newborn -- physiology KW - Pregnancy KW - Rats KW - Lactation -- drug effects KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Diet KW - Female KW - Caseins -- administration & dosage KW - Phenols -- administration & dosage KW - Kidney -- pathology KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Phenols -- toxicity KW - Polycystic Kidney Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Polycystic Kidney Diseases -- pathology KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70933500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Polycystic+kidney+disease+induced+in+F%281%29+Sprague-Dawley+rats+fed+para-nonylphenol+in+a+soy-free%2C+casein-containing+diet.&rft.au=Latendresse%2C+J+R%3BNewbold%2C+R+R%3BWeis%2C+C+C%3BDelclos%2C+K+B&rft.aulast=Latendresse&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-08-16 N1 - Date created - 2001-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Kidney disease and arthritis in a cohort study of workers exposed to silica. AN - 70928054; 11416778 AB - Silica exposure has been associated with kidney disease and rheumatoid arthritis; an autoimmune mechanism has been proposed. Approximately 2 million people are occupationally exposed to silica in the United States, 100,000 at more than twice the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommended exposure limit of 0.05 mg/m(3). We examined renal disease morbidity and mortality, as well as arthritis mortality, in a cohort of 4,626 silica-exposed workers in the industrial sand industry (an industry previously unstudied). We compared the cohort with the U.S. population and also conducted internal exposure-response analyses using a job-exposure matrix based on more than 4,000 industrial hygiene samples. We found excess mortality from acute renal disease [standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 2.61, 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) = 1.49--4.24; 16 deaths], chronic renal disease (SMR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.13--2.22; 36 deaths), and arthritis (SMR = 4.36, 95% CI = 2.76--6.54; 23 deaths) on the basis of multiple-cause mortality data, which considered any mention of disease on a death certificate. Linking the cohort with the U.S. registry of end-stage renal disease for the years 1977-1996, we found an excess of end-stage renal disease incidence (standardized incidence ratio = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.25--2.96; 23 cases), which was highest for glomerulonephritis (standardized incidence ratio = 3.85, 95% CI = 1.55--7.93; 7 cases). We found increasing end-stage renal disease incidence with increasing cumulative exposure; standardized rate ratios by quartile of cumulative exposure were 1.00, 3.09, 5.22, and 7.79. A positive exposure-response trend was also observed for rheumatoid arthritis on the basis of death certificate data. These data represent the largest number of kidney disease cases analyzed to date in a cohort with well-defined silica exposure and suggest a causal link between silica and kidney disease. Excess risk of end-stage renal disease due to a lifetime of occupational exposure at currently recommended limits is estimated to be 14%, above a background end-stage renal disease risk of 2%. JF - Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) AU - Steenland, K AU - Sanderson, W AU - Calvert, G M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - July 2001 SP - 405 EP - 412 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 1044-3983, 1044-3983 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Autoimmune Diseases -- etiology KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Autoimmune Diseases -- mortality KW - Male KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Industry KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Arthritis -- mortality KW - Arthritis -- etiology KW - Kidney Diseases -- etiology KW - Kidney Diseases -- mortality KW - Silicon Dioxide -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70928054?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.atitle=Kidney+disease+and+arthritis+in+a+cohort+study+of+workers+exposed+to+silica.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BSanderson%2C+W%3BCalvert%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.issn=10443983&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2001-06-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Parental Influences on Adolescent Marijuana Use and the Baby Boom Generation: Findings from the 1979-1996 National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse. Analytic Series. AN - 62192088; ED466906 AB - This report uses the 1979-1996 National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse to investigate the role of parents, especially members of the baby boom generation, on the marijuana use of children. The association of marijuana use between parents and children, the differences among parental birth cohorts, and the determinants of child marijuana use are investigated. Five major research goals are addressed: develop a strategy to define parental exposure to the marijuana epidemic; assess the strength of the association between parental and child marijuana use according to pattern and extensiveness of use, by sex of parent, and age, sex and ethnicity of child; assess the impact of membership in the baby boom generation and parental exposure to the marijuana epidemic on child marijuana use; determine the unique influence of parental marijuana use on the child's marijuana use; identify important predictors of marijuana use by young people in addition to parental marijuana use. The report addresses the research goals outlined above through descriptive and multivariate analyses. The Technical Appendix provides details about the construction of the drug use and other selected variables. Appendix tables present survey-specific data for the multiple surveys that are aggregated in most of the tables presented in the main body of the report. (Contains approximately 76 references, 50 tables, and 15 figures.)(GCP) AU - Kandel, Denise B. AU - Griesler, Pamela C. AU - Lee, Gang AU - Davies, Mark AU - Schaffsan, Christine Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - July 2001 SP - 268 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345. KW - National Household Survey on Drug Abuse KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Parent Influence KW - Parent Child Relationship KW - Parent Role KW - Generation Gap KW - Marijuana KW - Tables (Data) KW - Adolescents KW - Predictor Variables UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62192088?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Also supported by Mental Health Clinical Research N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Standardization of geological and geomechanical assessment at underground coal mines in Canada AN - 52091483; 2002-049196 AB - Following a dialogue in the Technical Forum meetings in late 1998, a geotechnical assessment project was established. Its objective is "to establish a "best practice"' baseline for both conducting geological and geomechanical assessments and to apply findings in geotechnical design and operation of underground coal mines in Canada and to make the findings readily available via computer database/Internet". It comprises three components: geological assessment, geomechanics baseline study and a web-based geotechnical database. The paper reports on the first two components of the geotechnical assessment project. The work forged further international co-operation between the coal industry and CANMET in Canada and NIOSH in the United States. The paper firstly outlines the underground coal operations in Canada in the late 1990s. It then summarizes the geological assessment, followed by an application of NIOSH geotechnical methodology in a Canadian geotechnical baseline study. The paper concludes with a brief summary and an indication of future direction of the work. JF - CIM Bulletin (1974) AU - Forgeron, Steve AU - Mark, Chris AU - Forrester, David J Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - July 2001 SP - 83 EP - 90 PB - Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Montreal, QC VL - 94 IS - 1052 SN - 0317-0926, 0317-0926 KW - mining KW - sedimentary rocks KW - Canada KW - underground mining KW - site exploration KW - mining geology KW - coal KW - standardization KW - mechanical properties KW - design KW - rock mechanics KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52091483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CIM+Bulletin+%281974%29&rft.atitle=Standardization+of+geological+and+geomechanical+assessment+at+underground+coal+mines+in+Canada&rft.au=Forgeron%2C+Steve%3BMark%2C+Chris%3BForrester%2C+David+J&rft.aulast=Forgeron&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=1052&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=CIM+Bulletin+%281974%29&rft.issn=03170926&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - PubXState - QC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CMMBAZ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Canada; coal; design; mechanical properties; mining; mining geology; rock mechanics; sedimentary rocks; site exploration; standardization; underground mining ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The promotion of plasmacytoma tumor growth by mesenchymal stroma is antagonized by basic fibroblast growth factor induced activin A AN - 220524498; 11455980 AB - The mesenchymal stroma has been shown to play a crucial role in the development of multiple myeloma, partly by secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, that serves as a growth factor for myeloma cells. However, it is still unclear which other stromal molecules are involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. We chose, as a model system, a mouse plasmacytoma cell line, which does not respond to IL-6. We found that the formation of mouse plasmacytoma tumors, in an in vivo skin transplantation model, is facilitated by co-injection of these tumor cells along with a mesenchymal stromal cell. The tumor promoting effect of the stroma was reproduced in an in vitro model; stromal cells induced the proliferation of plasmacytoma cells under serum-free conditions. This growth promotion could not be mimicked by a series of cytokines including IL-6 and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I implying a role for yet unidentified stromal factors. The in vivo formation of plasmacytoma tumors was reduced following administration of activin A, a cytokine member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)beta superfamily. Furthermore, the in vitro growth promoting effect of the stroma was abrogated by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) which induced a higher stromal expression of activin A. Our results thus show that mesenchymal stroma expresses plasmacytoma growth stimulating activities that overcome the low constitutive level of the plasmacytoma inhibitor, activin A. The expression of activin A is upregulated by bFGF rendering the stroma suppressive for plasmacytoma growth. The balance between the expression of these regulators may contribute to mesenchymal stroma activity and influence the progression of multiple myeloma. JF - Leukemia AU - Shoham, T AU - Sternberg, D AU - Brosh, N AU - Krupsky, M AU - Barda-Saad, M AU - Zipori, D Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - Jul 2001 SP - 1102 EP - 10 CY - London PB - Nature Publishing Group VL - 15 IS - 7 SN - 08876924 KW - Medical Sciences--Oncology KW - Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 KW - Activins KW - Inhibins KW - Animals KW - Plasmacytoma -- drug therapy KW - Inhibins -- biosynthesis KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 -- pharmacology KW - Stromal Cells -- physiology KW - Plasmacytoma -- pathology KW - Inhibins -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/220524498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthcompleteshell&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Leukemia&rft.atitle=The+promotion+of+plasmacytoma+tumor+growth+by+mesenchymal+stroma+is+antagonized+by+basic+fibroblast+growth+factor+induced+activin+A&rft.au=Shoham%2C+T%3BSternberg%2C+D%3BBrosh%2C+N%3BKrupsky%2C+M%3BBarda-Saad%2C+M%3BZipori%2C+D&rft.aulast=Shoham&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1102&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Leukemia&rft.issn=08876924&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.leu.2402145 LA - English DB - ProQuest Central N1 - Copyright - Copyright Nature Publishing Group Jul 2001 N1 - Last updated - 2013-03-05 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.leu.2402145 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isogenic Strain of Escherichia coli O157:H7 That Has Lost both Shiga Toxin 1 and 2 Genes AN - 18078885; 5160882 AB - An Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain isolated from a patient with hemorrhagic colitis was found to exhibit two slightly different colony morphology types on differential medium. Each morphological type, designated TT12A and TT12B, was isolated, and serological testing using various assays confirmed that both strains carried the O157 and the H7 antigens. Biochemical testing showed that the strains had identical profiles on AP120E analysis and, like typical O157:H7 strains, did not ferment sorbitol or exhibit beta -glucuronidase activity. Analysis with a multiplex PCR assay showed that TT12B did not carry the gene for either Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) or Stx2, whereas these genes were present in TT12A and the toxins were produced. Apart from that, both strains carried the +93 gusA mutation, the cluster I ehxA gene for enterohemolysin, and the eae gene for gamma -intimin, which are all characteristics of the O157:H7 serotype. Phenotypic assays confirmed that both strains exhibited enterohemolysin activity and the attachment and effacing lesion on HeLa cells. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis showed that the strains are closely related genetically and belong in the same clonal group. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing of XbaI-digested genomic DNA revealed that the two strains differed by two bands but shared 90% similarity and clustered in the same clade. All other non-Stx-producing O157:H7 strains examined clustered in a major clade that was distinct from that of Stx-producing O157:H7 strains. The findings that TT12B was identical to TT12A, except for Stx production, and its PFGE profile is also more closely related to that of Stx-producing O157:H7 strains suggest that TT12B was derived from TT12A by the loss of both stx genes. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Feng, P AU - Dey, M AU - Abe, A AU - Takeda, T AD - HFS-516, FDA, 200 C St. SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA, pfeng@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - Jul 2001 SP - 711 EP - 717 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - HeLa cells KW - antigensa KW - H7 antigen KW - O157 antigen KW - Shiga toxin 1 KW - Shiga toxin 2 KW - double prime H7 antigen KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - b-Glucuronidase KW - ^b-Glucuronidase KW - Media (differential) KW - Escherichia coli KW - Colitis KW - Toxins KW - F 06008:Bacteria KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18078885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Isogenic+Strain+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+That+Has+Lost+both+Shiga+Toxin+1+and+2+Genes&rft.au=Feng%2C+P%3BDey%2C+M%3BAbe%2C+A%3BTakeda%2C+T&rft.aulast=Feng&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=711&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FCDLI.8.4.711-717.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; b-Glucuronidase; Toxins; Media (differential); Colitis; ^b-Glucuronidase; HeLa cells DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.8.4.711-717.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glutamate Decarboxylase Genes as a Prescreening Marker for Detection of Pathogenic Escherichia coli Groups AN - 17910120; 5146254 AB - The enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) is prevalent in Escherichia coli but few strains in the various pathogenic E. coli groups have been tested for GAD. Using PCR primers that amplify a 670-bp segment from the gadA and gadB genes encoding GAD, we examined the distribution of the gadAB genes among enteric bacteria. Analysis of 173 pathogenic E. coli strains, including 125 enterohemorrhagic E. coli isolates of the O157:H7 serotype and its phenotypic variants and 48 isolates of enteropathogenic E. coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli, enteroinvasive E. coli, and other Shiga toxin- producing E. coli (STEC) serotypes, showed that gadAB genes were present in all these strains. Among the 22 non-E. coli isolates tested, only the 6 Shigella spp. carried gadAB. Analysis of naturally contaminated water and food samples using a gadAB-specific DNA probe that was labeled with digoxigenin showed that a gadAB-based assay is as reliable as standard methods that enumerate E. coli organisms on the basis of lactose fermentation. The presence of few E. coli cells initially seeded into produce rinsates could be detected by PCR to gadA/B genes after overnight enrichment. A multiplex PCR assay using the gadAB primers in combination with primers to Shiga toxin (Stx) genes stx sub(1) and stx sub(2) was effective in detecting STEC from the enrichment medium after seeding produce rinsate samples with as few as 2 CFU. The gadAB primers may be multiplexed with primers to other trait virulence markers to specifically identify other pathogenic E. coli groups. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Grant, MA AU - Weagant, S D AU - Feng, P AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 22201 23rd Dr. SE, Bothell, WA 98021-4421., mgrant@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - Jul 2001 SP - 3110 EP - 3114 VL - 67 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - gadA gene KW - gadB gene KW - stx1 gene KW - stx2 gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Virulence KW - Escherichia coli KW - Enterotoxins KW - Shiga toxin KW - Glutamate decarboxylase KW - J 02728:Enzymes KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17910120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Glutamate+Decarboxylase+Genes+as+a+Prescreening+Marker+for+Detection+of+Pathogenic+Escherichia+coli+Groups&rft.au=Grant%2C+MA%3BWeagant%2C+S+D%3BFeng%2C+P&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.67.7.3110-3114.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Glutamate decarboxylase; Enterotoxins; Virulence; Shiga toxin DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.7.3110-3114.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microarray Analysis of Microbial Virulence Factors AN - 17905817; 5146285 AB - Hybridization with oligonucleotide microchips (microarrays) was used for discrimination among strains of Escherichia coli and other pathogenic enteric bacteria harboring various virulence factors. Oligonucleotide microchips are miniature arrays of gene-specific oligonucleotide probes immobilized on a glass surface. The combination of this technique with the amplification of genetic material by PCR is a powerful tool for the detection of and simultaneous discrimination among food-borne human pathogens. The presence of six genes (eaeA, slt-I, slt-II, fliC, rfbE, and ipaH) encoding bacterial antigenic determinants and virulence factors of bacterial strains was monitored by multiplex PCR followed by hybridization of the denatured PCR product to the gene-specific oligonucleotides on the microchip. The assay was able to detect these virulence factors in 15 Salmonella, Shigella, and E. coli strains. The results of the chip analysis were confirmed by hybridization of radiolabeled gene-specific probes to genomic DNA from bacterial colonies. In contrast, gel electrophoretic analysis of the multiplex PCR products used for the microarray analysis produced ambiguous results due to the presence of unexpected and uncharacterized bands. Our results suggest that microarray analysis of microbial virulence factors might be very useful for automated identification and characterization of bacterial pathogens. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Chizhikov, V AU - Rasooly, A AU - Chumakov, K AU - Levy, D D AD - Food and Drug Administration, 200 C St. SW, Washington, DC 20204., axr@vm.cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - Jul 2001 SP - 3258 EP - 3263 VL - 67 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - virulence factors KW - Bacteria KW - eaeA gene KW - fliC gene KW - ipaH gene KW - microarrays KW - rfbE gene KW - slt-I gene KW - slt-II gene KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Virulence KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Oligonucleotides KW - Hybridization analysis KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17905817?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Microarray+Analysis+of+Microbial+Virulence+Factors&rft.au=Chizhikov%2C+V%3BRasooly%2C+A%3BChumakov%2C+K%3BLevy%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Chizhikov&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3258&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.67.7.3258-3263.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacteria; Polymerase chain reaction; Virulence; Hybridization analysis; Oligonucleotides DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.7.3258-3263.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arsenic extraction and speciation in carrots using accelerated solvent extraction, liquid chromatography and plasma mass spectrometry AN - 17905758; 5176235 AB - Arsenic present in freeze-dried carrots was extracted using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). Several parameters, including selection of the dispersing agent, extraction time, number of extraction cycles, particle size and extraction temperature, were evaluated to optimize the ASE method. Filtering and treatment with C-18 SPE cartridges were also evaluated as part of the sample preparation procedure before speciation analysis. The method was validated by spiking single arsenical and mixed arsenical standards on the dispersing agent and on portions of freeze-dried carrot prior to extraction. LC-ICP-MS was used to determine individual arsenic species in the carrot extracts. A weak anion-exchange column was used for the separation of As(III), As(V), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid and arsenobetaine. Optimized sample preparation conditions were applied to the extraction of arsenic in nine freeze-dried carrot samples. Total arsenic concentration in the carrot samples ranged from less than 20 ng g super(-1) to 18.7 mu g g super(-1), dry mass. Extraction efficiency, defined as the ratio of the sum of individual arsenic species concentrations to total arsenic, ranged from 80 to 102% for freeze-dried carrots with arsenic concentrations greater than the limit of quantitation. Inorganic As(III) and As(V) were the only species found in samples that contained less than 400 ng g super(-1) total arsenic. MMA and an unidentified arsenic compound were present in some of the samples with higher total arsenic content. JF - Analyst (Cambridge UK) AU - Vela, N P AU - Heitkemper, D T AU - Stewart, K R AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Forensic Chemistry Center, 6751 Stager Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - Jul 2001 SP - 1011 EP - 1017 VL - 126 IS - 7 SN - 0003-2654, 0003-2654 KW - carrots KW - methodology KW - vegetables KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Arsenic KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Chemical extraction KW - Daucus carota KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17905758?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analyst+%28Cambridge+UK%29&rft.atitle=Arsenic+extraction+and+speciation+in+carrots+using+accelerated+solvent+extraction%2C+liquid+chromatography+and+plasma+mass+spectrometry&rft.au=Vela%2C+N+P%3BHeitkemper%2C+D+T%3BStewart%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Vela&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1011&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analyst+%28Cambridge+UK%29&rft.issn=00032654&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fb102420p LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Daucus carota; Arsenic; Chemical extraction; Mass spectroscopy; Liquid chromatography DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b102420p ER -