TY - JOUR T1 - The Failure of the Bona Fide Occupational Qualification in Cross-Gender Prison Guard Cases: A Problem beyond Equal Employment Opportunity AN - 1417525181; 201335167 AB - Knowing the theory of gender that a court is using to understand and assess the issues in a case is vital to ensuring that women are afforded their full rights under the law. Unfortunately, courts often do not explicitly state what understanding of gender is informing their decisions. An exception is found in employment law: specifically, the bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) exception to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, which allows employers to engage in sex-based discrimination in those instances in which the sex of the employee is a reasonably necessary qualification for the job. In these cases, because the court must analyze how "manness" or "womanness" impacts one's qualification to hold certain kinds of employment, the court must articulate its understanding of gender. This paper examines two BFOQ cases in the cross-gender prison guard context, those cases in which an individual of one sex seeks to guard inmates of the opposite sex. In these cases the courts created a theory of gender that posits men and women as different in kind. The theory developed in this line of cases is an attack on Title VII protections and a potential barrier to women's equality under the law. Adapted from the source document. JF - Hypatia AU - Monahan, Camille AD - Milwaukee Area Office of the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission since 2009 camille.monahan@gmail.com Y1 - 2013/01// PY - 2013 DA - January 2013 SP - 101 EP - 121 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0887-5367, 0887-5367 KW - Occupational Qualifications KW - Labor Policy KW - Courts KW - Law KW - Females KW - Employment KW - Prisoners KW - Sexism KW - Sex KW - article KW - 2959: feminist/gender studies; feminist studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1417525181?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hypatia&rft.atitle=The+Failure+of+the+Bona+Fide+Occupational+Qualification+in+Cross-Gender+Prison+Guard+Cases%3A+A+Problem+beyond+Equal+Employment+Opportunity&rft.au=Monahan%2C+Camille&rft.aulast=Monahan&rft.aufirst=Camille&rft.date=2013-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hypatia&rft.issn=08875367&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2013-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - HYPAEK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Courts; Sex; Law; Prisoners; Employment; Females; Occupational Qualifications; Sexism; Labor Policy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In The World Of Social Media, When Does "Private" Mean Private? A Critique Of Germany's Proposed Amendments To Its Federal Data Protection Act AN - 1373466434; 2011-425421 AB - With users sharing so much personal information online, a new question arises: what reasonable expectation of privacy should individual users have regarding this information? More specifically, when should individuals expect that their information is protected from view by their potential employers during the job application process? On August 25, 2010, Germany's Federal Cabinet approved a draft law (Draft Law) amending its Federal Data Protection Act, or Bundesdatenschutzgesetz (BDSG). The Draft Law would expand the BDSG's regulation of workplace data privacy in order the balance the value of information to employers with the value of personal data to employees. This Note will argue that the most effective form of data privacy protection is to encourage individual discretion when posting information online. Adapted from the source document. JF - The George Washington International Law Review AU - Locklear, Lauren AD - Clerk for the Administrative Judges, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Baltimore Field Office Y1 - 2012///0, PY - 2012 DA - 0, 2012 SP - 749 EP - 776 PB - George Washington University Law School, Washington, DC VL - 44 IS - 4 SN - 1534-9977, 1534-9977 KW - Law and ethics - Law and jurisprudence KW - Human rights - Civil and political rights KW - Business and service sector - Business operations, practices, and workplaces KW - Science and technology policy - Computer science and information technology KW - Labor conditions and policy - Work and labor KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic policy, planning, and development KW - Social conditions and policy - Communication KW - Communication KW - Employees KW - Privacy KW - Information technology KW - Law KW - Regulation KW - Workplaces KW - Germany KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1373466434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apais&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+George+Washington+International+Law+Review&rft.atitle=In+The+World+Of+Social+Media%2C+When+Does+%22Private%22+Mean+Private%3F+A+Critique+Of+Germany%27s+Proposed+Amendments+To+Its+Federal+Data+Protection+Act&rft.au=Locklear%2C+Lauren&rft.aulast=Locklear&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=749&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+George+Washington+International+Law+Review&rft.issn=15349977&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2013-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Law; Privacy; Germany; Workplaces; Information technology; Employees; Regulation; Communication ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Political Economy of Work AN - 914765794; 201201302 JF - Review of Radical Political Economics AU - LaJeunesse, Robert M AU - LaJeunesse, Robert M Y1 - 2011/09// PY - 2011 DA - September 2011 SP - 399 EP - 402 PB - Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks CA VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 0486-6134, 0486-6134 KW - article KW - 9141: political economy; political economy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/914765794?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awpsa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Review+of+Radical+Political+Economics&rft.atitle=Political+Economy+of+Work&rft.au=LaJeunesse%2C+Robert+M%3BSpencer%2C+David+A&rft.aulast=LaJeunesse&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2011-09-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Review+of+Radical+Political+Economics&rft.issn=04866134&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F0486613410395908 LA - English DB - Worldwide Political Science Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Edition date: 2009. N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - RRPEEP DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0486613410395908 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Age Discrimination and the EEOC T2 - 234th National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society AN - 39453047; 4635347 JF - 234th National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society AU - Nidus, Benjamin Y1 - 2007/08/19/ PY - 2007 DA - 2007 Aug 19 KW - Discrimination KW - Age KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39453047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=234th+National+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=Age+Discrimination+and+the+EEOC&rft.au=Nidus%2C+Benjamin&rft.aulast=Nidus&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft.date=2007-08-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=234th+National+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://oasys2.confex.com/acs/234nm/techprogram/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-12-18 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Diversity in law firms AN - 59859796; 2003-1209850 AB - Examines employment status of women and minorities at law firms characterized as medium to large in size, and changes in their employment as attorneys since 1975; US. JF - United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2003. Y1 - 2003///0, PY - 2003 DA - 0, 2003 PB - United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission KW - Discrimination in employment -- United States KW - United States -- Service sector KW - Diversity in the workplace -- United States KW - Lawyers -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59859796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Diversity+in+law+firms&rft.title=Diversity+in+law+firms&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.eeoc.gov/stats/reports/diversitylaw/index.html LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Equal Employment Opportunity Comm N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), chart(s), il(s), link(s), table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Ethical considerations in shaping public policy for enforcement of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) AN - 40705545; 0823788 AU - Huessy, P Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40705545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Ethical+considerations+in+shaping+public+policy+for+enforcement+of+the+Age+Discrimination+in+Employment+Act+%28ADEA%29&rft.au=Huessy%2C+P&rft.aulast=Huessy&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts in: "The Gerontologist", Oct. 1984, Gerontological Society of America, 1411 K St., NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC 20005, USA, ISSN 0016-9013 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The story of the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission: ensuring the promise of opportunity for 35 years; 1965-2000 AN - 59839278; 2002-0110240 AB - Chronicles the history of the EEOC, a government agency charged with enforcing the principal federal statutes that prohibit employment discrimination. With essays contributed by members of the American Bar Association (ABA). JF - United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2000. ii+83 pp. Y1 - 2000///0, PY - 2000 DA - 0, 2000 EP - ii+83 PB - United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission KW - Discrimination in employment -- United States KW - United States -- Equal employment opportunity commission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59839278?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1980-02-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=7514&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Equal Employment Opportunity Comm pa N1 - Document feature - il(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic Discrimination in the Workplace AN - 1761729514; 199903940 AB - With the prospect of identifying genetic risk factors for different diseases & disabilities, it becomes possible for employers to make hiring & firing decisions on the basis of genetic information. Worry over this possibility is so great that most workers refuse to take genetic tests. Although no statistical evidence yet exists on the incidence of genetic discrimination, there is anecdotal evidence that it occurs. To protect against this form of discrimination, it is necessary to expand current federal laws, eg, the Americans Disabilities Act & the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Several court cases at the federal & state levels are briefly considered to demonstrate how extant laws may be employed in this area. However, the gaps in these laws must be bridged with legislation directed at genetic disaffirmation. D. Ryfe JF - The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics AU - Miller, Paul Steven AD - US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Washington DC Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 189 EP - 197 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0277-8459, 0277-8459 KW - Genetic Testing KW - Genetics KW - Employment Discrimination KW - Law KW - Legislation KW - Legal Cases KW - article KW - 7211: health policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1761729514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Law%2C+Medicine+%26+Ethics&rft.atitle=Genetic+Discrimination+in+the+Workplace&rft.au=Miller%2C+Paul+Steven&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+Law%2C+Medicine+%26+Ethics&rft.issn=02778459&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2016-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genetics; Law; Legal Cases; Legislation; Genetic Testing; Employment Discrimination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic information in the workplace AN - 839124939; 1709490 JF - Labor law journal Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 867 EP - 876 VL - 49 IS - 2 SN - 0023-6586, 0023-6586 KW - Sociology KW - Political Science KW - Genetics KW - Labour policy KW - Discrimination KW - Labour law KW - U.S.A. KW - Biotechnology KW - Work place UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/839124939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Labor+law+journal&rft.atitle=Genetic+information+in+the+workplace&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=867&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Labor+law+journal&rft.issn=00236586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 7154 7253; 5460 1615 8573 11325; 13673 4214; 1626 12622; 3612 3549 2688 2449 10404; 7170 7584 3977 5574 10472 11888; 433 293 14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Approaches to Gender and the Law: Research and Applications AN - 61524390; 9905305 AB - Three paradigms for research on gender & law are reviewed & illustrated with examples from employment discrimination law. An agenda for research on gender, social science, & the law is outlined, & the articles in this special journal issue are reviewed in terms of it. Research ideas for the future & practical applications of the research presented herein are considered, specifically, the use of the "reasonable woman" standard & expert testimony in sexual harassment cases, & the influence of sex roles & sex stereotypes in producing gender effects. 54 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Law and Human Behavior AU - Goodman-Delahunty, Jane AD - Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2407 Calle Madiera San Clemente CA 92672 janegedel@aol.com Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 129 EP - 143 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0147-7307, 0147-7307 KW - Female Offenders KW - Sex Differences KW - Criminal Justice Policy KW - Sex Stereotypes KW - Legal System KW - Sexism KW - article KW - 2983: feminist/gender studies; sociology of gender & gender relations KW - 1636: social control; sociology of law UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61524390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Labor+law+journal&rft.atitle=Genetic+information+in+the+workplace&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=867&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Labor+law+journal&rft.issn=00236586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - LHBEDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sex Differences; Sexism; Criminal Justice Policy; Legal System; Female Offenders; Sex Stereotypes ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Job patterns for minorities and women in state and local government, 1995 AN - 59763013; 1997-0613710 AB - Participation rates by minority and gender, and salary, type of work, ethnic group, and gender statistics. JF - United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 1996. xxxiv+271 pp. Y1 - 1996///0, PY - 1996 DA - 0, 1996 EP - xxxiv+271 PB - United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission KW - Black government employees -- United States -- Statistics KW - State government -- United States -- Statistics KW - Local government -- United States -- Statistics KW - Women government employees -- United States -- Statistics KW - United States -- Labor sector UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59763013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=xxxiv%2B271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Job+patterns+for+minorities+and+women+in+state+and+local+government%2C+1995&rft.title=Job+patterns+for+minorities+and+women+in+state+and+local+government%2C+1995&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Equal Employment Opportunity Comm pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Communicating and Interacting with People Who Have Disabilities. AN - 62747537; ED381958 AB - This manual provides guidelines to offices of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission for effective interaction and communication with people who have disabilities. Each chapter provides suggestions for interacting with people with a specific disability. In addition to general suggestions for fostering courteous interactions, chapters include specific suggestions regarding such aspects as sources of braillers, how to use the federal information relay service, finding interpreters, and how specific diseases are and are not transmitted. The following populations are addressed: (1) people who use wheelchairs; (2) people who are mobility impaired; (3) people who are blind or visually impaired; (4) people who are deaf or hard of hearing; (5) people who are deaf-blind or blind-deaf; (6) people who have speech impairments; (7) people who have epilepsy; (8) people who have mental retardation; (9) people with psychiatric disabilities; (10) people who have cerebral palsy and other conditions which have muscular or neurological limitations; (11) people with learning disabilities; (12) people with Tourette syndrome; and (13) people who have HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)/AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), hepatitis B, or other bloodborne diseases. A list of organizations concerned with each of the disabilities is attached. (DB) Y1 - 1994/07// PY - 1994 DA - July 1994 SP - 60 KW - Tourette Syndrome KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Hearing Impairments KW - Speech Impairments KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Learning Disabilities KW - Wheelchairs KW - Mental Retardation KW - Deaf Blind KW - Visual Impairments KW - Cerebral Palsy KW - Mental Disorders KW - Epilepsy KW - Disabilities KW - Interpersonal Communication KW - Physical Disabilities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62747537?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - GEN T1 - A Technical Assistance Manual on the Employment Provisions (Title 1) of the Americans With Disabilities Act. AN - 62834598; ED352763 AB - This manual and resource directory aims to help employers, other entities, and persons with disabilities learn about their obligations and rights under the employment provisions of Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The manual provides guidance on the application of legal requirements established in the statute and in regulations of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). The manual's 10 chapters address the following topics: (1) summary of Title I legal requirements; (2) definitions of "an individual with a disability," a "qualified individual with a disability," and "essential" job functions; (3) the obligation to make reasonable accommodation; (4) establishment of qualification standards and selection criteria that do not discriminate; (5) guidance on nondiscrimination in recruitment and selection; (6) requirements applicable to medical examinations and medical inquiries; (7) the obligation to apply ADA nondiscrimination requirements to promotion and advancement opportunities, training, evaluation, and employee benefits such as insurance; (8) requirements related to employment policies regarding drug and alcohol abuse; (9) guidance on ADA requirements as they relate to workers' compensation practices; and (10) enforcement provisions. Appendixes contain the text of Title I and Title V, EEOC regulations, and a form for ADA-related small business tax credit. The resource directory is divided into three parts, covering: federal agency programs that provide information and technical assistance on or related to the ADA and other federal nondiscrimination requirements; information on specific employment-related information and technical assistance available from national nongovernmental organizations; and locations and telephone numbers for regional and state offices of federal programs. (JDD) Y1 - 1992/01// PY - 1992 DA - January 1992 SP - 473 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. KW - Americans with Disabilities Act 1990 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Community KW - Equal Opportunities (Jobs) KW - Employment Opportunities KW - Civil Rights KW - Normalization (Handicapped) KW - Civil Rights Legislation KW - Disability Discrimination KW - Federal Legislation KW - Disabilities KW - Federal Regulation KW - Compliance (Legal) KW - Technical Assistance KW - Resources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62834598?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Curious Case of Affirmative Action for Women AN - 61273233; 92Z1586 AB - Traditional constitutional analysis entails a lower standard of justification for gender preferences than for racial preferences; thus, affirmative action measures for women may be permitted while those for minorities are invalidated. It is argued here that the opposite should be the case. Because of differences between the relationships among members of a racial group & those among women, certain important justifications for preferences for minorities do not apply to women, including justifications involving redress of past wrongs against some members of a group by compensating other members of the group, & justifications involving the mitigation of poverty by reducing the concentration of economic disadvantage within an economically interrelated group. The implications of the differences between racial & gender groups are explored with regard to employment quotas, set-aside programs, & preferences in the award of broadcast licenses, with attention to the prospect that the courts ultimately will consider these differences in affirmative action cases. AA JF - Society AU - Scanlan, James P AD - Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 1801 L St NW Washington DC 20507-0001 Y1 - 1992/01// PY - 1992 DA - January 1992 SP - 36 EP - 41 VL - 29 SN - 0147-2011, 0147-2011 KW - affirmative action, women vs minorities KW - Racism KW - Ethnic Minorities KW - Discrimination KW - Affirmative Action KW - Womens Rights KW - Sexism KW - article KW - 2462: policy, planning, forecasting; policy sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61273233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Guidelines+on+Discrimination+Because+of+Sex.&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1972-03-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - SOCYA6 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Affirmative Action; Discrimination; Racism; Sexism; Womens Rights; Ethnic Minorities ER - TY - GEN T1 - Americans with Disabilities Act Handbook. AN - 62829612; ED352762 AB - This handbook's aim is to provide information and assistance on the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 to people with disabilities, businesses, and the affected public. The handbook contains annotated regulations for titles I, II, and III; resources for obtaining additional assistance; and several appendixes of supplementary information. Title I covers equal employment opportunity for individuals with disabilities, Title II addresses nondiscrimination on the basis of disability in state and local government services, and Title III focuses on nondiscrimination on the basis of disability by public accommodations and in commercial facilities. For each title, a summary and background are provided, followed by a rulemaking history, regulatory process matters, outline of the rule, and an annotated rule or regulations. The resource section lists 16 Federal government organizations and 75 nongovernment organizations, with descriptions of their activities and focus areas. Appendixes provide the text of the law, accessibility guidelines, a chart of coverage and effective dates, definitions of terms, legislative history, disability-related tax provisions applicable to businesses, Supreme Court cases and regulations related to Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and a list of acronyms. (JDD) Y1 - 1991/10// PY - 1991 DA - October 1991 SP - 686 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160358477 KW - Americans with Disabilities Act 1990 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Community KW - Equal Opportunities (Jobs) KW - Public Facilities KW - Employment Opportunities KW - Civil Rights KW - Normalization (Handicapped) KW - Civil Rights Legislation KW - Disability Discrimination KW - Federal Legislation KW - Disabilities KW - Federal Regulation KW - Technical Assistance KW - Resources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62829612?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Project 2000. Job and Training Opportunities for Minorities and Women. AN - 63321605; ED270594 AB - This study provides legislators, educators, community organizations, training program specialists, and civil rights groups with data on the position of minorities and women in the work force. Part I considers where the jobs are in terms of designated high growth, high technology, and high loss occupations in the next decade. Chapter One discusses factors influencing employment opportunities in the 1980s. Chapter Two describes the scope of research of Project 2000. Chapter Three highlights Project 2000 data on areas of projected growth with focus on minorities and women. Chapter Four is a national overview of 1980 labor force participation by occupation. Chapter Five analyzes 1980 employment in the five most populous states: California, New York, Texas, Illinois, and Pennsylvania. Each state section includes analyses of minority and female participation in the state's civilian labor force; high growth, high technology, and high loss participation by minorities and women in 1980; and participation of women and minorities in the top five high growth and top three high loss and high tech occupations in 1980. Part II focuses on meeting occupational demands. Chapter Six provides information on training, educational, and other requirements for entry into the Project 2000 high growth and high technology occupations. Descriptions of the 20 high growth and 10 high technology occupations include job responsibilities, salary levels, and sources for additional information. Chapter Seven provides descriptions and addresses of current job training and education programs for employment. Numerous data tables and figures are provided. (YLB) Y1 - 1986 PY - 1986 DA - 1986 SP - 350 KW - Project 2000 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Policymakers KW - Practitioners KW - Community KW - Technological Advancement KW - Employment Projections KW - Minority Groups KW - Employment Opportunities KW - Labor Market KW - Females KW - Demand Occupations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63321605?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Job Patterns for Minorities & Women in Private Industry, 1981. Equal Employment Opportunity Report. Volume 1. AN - 63286543; ED264322 AB - As part of its mandate under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission requires periodic reports from public and private employers, unions, and labor organizations, indicating the makeup of their workforce by sex and by race/ethnic categories. This volume contains two tables summarizing data obtained as part of the Employer Information Report for 1981. Table 1 indicates occupational employment in private industry by race/ethnic group and sex, and by industry, for the United States as a whole (excluding Hawaii). Table 2 indicates occupational employment in private industry by race/ethnic group and sex, by state and industry. The data provided come from individual establishment and headquarters' reports for 174,600 reporting units with 34.1 million workers (45 percent of all private, non-farm wokers). The instruction booklet for employers filing data also is included in this volume. (GC) Y1 - 1984 PY - 1984 DA - 1984 SP - 671 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Employment Statistics KW - State Surveys KW - Employees KW - Labor Force KW - Employment Patterns KW - Employed Women KW - National Surveys KW - Tables (Data) KW - Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63286543?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aeric&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Job+Patterns+for+Minorities+%26amp%3B+Women+in+Private+Industry%2C+1981.+Equal+Employment+Opportunity+Report.+Volume+1.&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1984-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - SuppNotes - For Volume 2, see UD 024 586. N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Job Patterns for Minorities & Women in Private Industry, 1981. Equal Employment Opportunity Report. Volume 2. AN - 63285848; ED264323 AB - As part of its mandate under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission requires periodic reports from public and private employees, unions, and labor organizations, indicating the makeup of their workforce by sex and by race-ethnic categories. This volume contains two tables summarizing data obtained as part of the Employer Information Report of 1981. Table 1 indicates occupational employment in private industry by race/ethnic group and sex and by industry, for Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs) with populations of one million or more. Table 2 indicates occupational employment in private industry by race/ethnic group and sex for SMSAs with populations of less than one million. The data came from individual establishment and headquarters' reports for 174,600 reporting units with 34.1 million workers (45 percent of all private, non-farm workers). The instruction booklet for employers filing data also is included in this volume. (GC) Y1 - 1984 PY - 1984 DA - 1984 SP - 584 KW - Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Urban Areas KW - Males KW - Employment Statistics KW - Employees KW - Labor Force KW - Employment Patterns KW - Employed Women KW - National Surveys KW - Tables (Data) KW - Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63285848?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Minorities and Women in Public Elementary and Secondary Schools. A Statistical Summary. Equal Employment Opportunity Report - 1979. AN - 63282590; ED267139 AB - This volume contains tables summarizing the data collected on the Elementary Secondary Staff Information Report form for 1979 which concerns the distribution of women and minorities in the public schools. Data are presented by size of school districts and by State. All school districts in the central city of a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA), as well as those districts with 1800 or more students, or with 100 or more full-time employees, are included. A systematic random sample was taken of the remaining school districts according to enrollment and the desired percent coverage. The data are based on reports from 6,816 school districts which include an estimated total of 3.5 million full-time employees and more than .5 million part-time employees, as well as .3 million new hires. Data are not included for Hawaii and New Jersey. Data were weighted in order to produce estimates of the overall situation since the presented data are sampled. In the appendix, a sample of the form the schools were required to fill out is included. (CG) Y1 - 1981/09// PY - 1981 DA - September 1981 SP - 452 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Blacks KW - Employment Statistics KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Beginning Teachers KW - American Indians KW - Public Schools KW - Minority Groups KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Minority Group Teachers KW - Asian Americans KW - Teachers KW - School Personnel KW - Females UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63282590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aeric&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Minorities+and+Women+in+Public+Elementary+and+Secondary+Schools.+A+Statistical+Summary.+Equal+Employment+Opportunity+Report+-+1979.&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1981-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, as Amended. A Report Covering Activities under the Act During the Last Quarter of Fiscal Year 1979 and Fiscal Year 1980. AN - 63542808; ED210545 AB - The jurisdictional responsibility for administration and enforcement of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, as amended (ADEA), was transferred to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) from the Department of Labor (DOL) in July, 1979. The EEOC reorganized its operating and case-handling procedures, resulting in the processing of new charges without delay (under four months). By the end of Fiscal Year 1980 (FY-80), the case backlog had been reduced by two-thirds--to 35,000 charges; the remedy rate for new charges approached 50 percent; and benefits to individuals exceeded $43 million. Also, more than 125 new systemic cases were initiated pursuant to specific and coordinated selection standards. During FY-80, because of increased interest in ADEA, coupled with EEOC's high visibility in enforcing the Act, the ADEA workload increased dramatically. The individual charge rate increased by about 60 percent, from 5,374 charges filed in FY-79 to 8,779 in FY-80. To resolve the growing workload problem, EEOC requested in its 1981 budget funds for state fair employment practices agencies so they could help process some of the workload. Procedural reforms began by the EEOC should also help to smooth the age discrimination complaint process. (This annual report includes a detailed description of the process of transferring ADEA from the DOL to the EEOC, a description of cases settled and pending, and a summary of state age discrimination in employment laws.) (KC) Y1 - 1981 PY - 1981 DA - 1981 SP - 52 KW - Age Discrimination in Employment Act Amend 1980 KW - Age Discrimination in Employment Act 1967 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Equal Opportunities (Jobs) KW - State Legislation KW - Personnel Policy KW - Law Enforcement KW - Public Policy KW - Annual Reports KW - Employment Practices KW - Public Agencies KW - Federal Legislation KW - Age Discrimination KW - Agency Role KW - Agency Cooperation KW - Compliance (Legal) KW - Middle Aged Adults KW - Court Litigation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63542808?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interpretive guidelines on employment discrimination and reproductive hazards. AN - 75013087; 11664131 JF - Federal register AU - U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; U.S. Department of Labor AD - U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; U.S. Department of Labor Y1 - 1980/02/01/ PY - 1980 DA - 1980 Feb 01 SP - 7514 EP - 7517 VL - 45 IS - 23 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Bioethics KW - Government KW - Biomedical Research KW - Humans KW - Federal Government KW - Research KW - Female KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Prejudice KW - Government Regulation KW - Women KW - Social Control, Formal KW - Reproduction KW - Employment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75013087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Interpretive+guidelines+on+employment+discrimination+and+reproductive+hazards.&rft.au=U.S.+Equal+Employment+Opportunity+Commission%3B+U.S.+Department+of+Labor&rft.aulast=U.S.+Equal+Employment+Opportunity+Commission%3B+U.S.+Department+of+Labor&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1980-02-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=7514&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1981-06-01 N1 - Date created - 1981-06-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Minorities and Women in Private Industry. 1978 Report. Vol II. AN - 63612187; ED198382 AB - This document is the second of two volumes of tables summarizing the data obtained from the Employer Information Reports (EEO-1) for 1978. Figures were obtained from a total of 39,000 employers with 36 million employees. These figures cover about half of all private, non-farm workers, as compared to U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics' annual average employment statistics. Volume 2 contains two tables. Table 1 relates occupational employment in private industry by race/ethnic group and sex and by industry for Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA's) with population of 1,000,000 or more. Table 2 relates occupational employment in private industry by race/ethnic group and sex for SMSA's with populations of less than 1,000,000. An EEO-1 form and instructions are appended. (KC) Y1 - 1980/02// PY - 1980 DA - February 1980 SP - 604 PB - Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 (Stock No. 052-015-0053-7). KW - United States KW - Mining Industries KW - Private Industry KW - Pacific Islands KW - Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Professional Occupations KW - Blacks KW - Males KW - Employment KW - Laborers KW - Utilities KW - American Indians KW - Occupational Surveys KW - Insurance Companies KW - Transportation KW - Minority Groups KW - Finance Occupations KW - Office Occupations KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Manufacturing Industry KW - Employment Patterns KW - Employed Women KW - Alaska Natives KW - Sex KW - Clerical Occupations KW - Sales Occupations KW - Construction Industry KW - Employment Statistics KW - Race KW - Labor Force KW - Service Occupations KW - Communications KW - Asian Americans KW - Technical Occupations KW - Managerial Occupations KW - Real Estate KW - Occupations KW - Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63612187?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Minorities and Women in Private Industry. 1978 Report. Vol I. AN - 63611431; ED198381 AB - This document is the first of two volumes of tables summarizing the data obtained from the Employer Information Reports (EEO-1) for 1978. Figures were obtained from a total of 39,000 employers with 36 million employees. These figures cover about half of all private, non-farm workers, as compared to U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics' annual average employment statistics. Volume 1 contains two tables. Table 1 relates occupational employment in private industry by race/ethnic group and sex and by industry in the United States (excluding Hawaii). Table 2 relates occupational employment in private industry by race/ethnic group and sex and by state and industry. An EEO-1 form and instructions are appended. (KC) Y1 - 1980/02// PY - 1980 DA - February 1980 SP - 695 PB - Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 (Stock No. 052-015-0053-7). KW - United States KW - Pacific Islands KW - Mining Industries KW - Private Industry KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Professional Occupations KW - Blacks KW - Males KW - Employment KW - Laborers KW - Utilities KW - American Indians KW - Occupational Surveys KW - Insurance Companies KW - Transportation KW - Minority Groups KW - Finance Occupations KW - Office Occupations KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Manufacturing Industry KW - Employment Patterns KW - Employed Women KW - Alaska Natives KW - Sex KW - Clerical Occupations KW - Sales Occupations KW - Construction Industry KW - Employment Statistics KW - Race KW - Labor Force KW - Service Occupations KW - Communications KW - Asian Americans KW - Technical Occupations KW - Managerial Occupations KW - Real Estate KW - Occupations KW - Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63611431?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Minorities and Women in Apprenticeship Programs and Referral Unions. Equal Employment Opportunity Report--1978. AN - 63607475; ED193465 AB - In 1978, there were almost 150,000 apprentices in the United States; 4 percent were women and 19 percent were members of minority groups. At the same time, there were more than two million union members in this country; 11 percent were women and 24 percent were members of minorities, according to the 1978 Equal Employment Opportunities Commission Report on the number of women and minorities in apprenticeship programs. Seven tables of statistical data constitute the report. Tables 1-4 break down the total number and minority group apprentices (total, graduates, dropouts, and applicants) (1) by sex and by trade or craft (for sixty-four trades or crafts); (2) by sex, by industry, trade or craft; (3) by sex, by state; and (4) by sex, by Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA). Tables 5-7 contain data on members of referral unions (local unions with 100 or more members which operate a hiring hall or refer persons to employment). Table 5 shows total and minority group membership by sex, by international union grouping, by international union; Table 6 shows the same data broken out by states; and Table 7, the same data by SMSA. Break-out for minority groups is by black non-hispanic, hispanic, Asian or Pacific Islands, and American Indian/Alaskan native. Appendixes contain instructions and reporting forms used to collect the data: Apprenticeship Information Reports (EEO-2, EEO-2E) submitted by 1,701 joint labor-management committees (JACs) which sponsored 3,973 trade or craft training programs and 924 corporate establishments which sponsored 3,121 programs; and Local Union Report (EEO-3) filled out by 2,688 unions. (KC) Y1 - 1980/02// PY - 1980 DA - February 1980 SP - 654 PB - Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Unions KW - Blacks KW - Males KW - Graduates KW - National Surveys KW - American Indians KW - Dropouts KW - Employers KW - Minority Groups KW - Apprenticeships KW - Hispanic Americans KW - State Surveys KW - Enrollment KW - Union Members KW - Asian Americans KW - Females KW - Alaska Natives KW - Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63607475?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - SuppNotes - Small type in the appended materials will not reproduce well. N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Minorities and women in state and local governments: 1978 report AN - 59154794; 1981-0100420 AB - A statistical summary by type of government. JF - Survey Branch, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2401 E St., N.W., Washington, DC 20506, February 1980. xii+624+3 pp. Y1 - 1980/02// PY - 1980 DA - February 1980 EP - xii+624+3 PB - Survey Branch, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2401 E St., N.W., Washington, DC 20506 KW - Employment -- Minorities -- Statistics KW - Women government employees -- Statistics KW - Government employees -- Statistics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59154794?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1980-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=xii%2B624%2B3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Minorities+and+women+in+state+and+local+governments%3A+1978+report&rft.title=Minorities+and+women+in+state+and+local+governments%3A+1978+report&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Survey Branch, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2401 E St., N.W., Washington, DC 20506 pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Assaulted Wife: 'Catch 22' Revisited AN - 60667074; 80K6654 AB - An analysis of the historical origins of attitudes toward wife-beating. In England, the common law right of husbands to punish their wives through the use of force prevailed until the middle of the seventeenth century. Similarly, in the United States, the husband's right to chastise his spouse was affirmed in a decision handed down by the Supreme Court of Miss in 1824. By the end of the nineteenth century, the courts had reversed their previous stance & openly stated their rejection of the right of chastisement. Yet, as police records clearly attest, wife-beating remains prevalent in modern society. A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of Mich's current legal system in furnishing assistance to women physically abused by their husbands. Dependent variables such as current societal & psychoanalytic attitudes, legal perspectives on marriage & victim to deal with the situation, were also reviewed. An analysis was made, not only of Mich statutes & cases, but also of legal, medical & sociological studies relating to wife assault. Twenty victims of assault were interviewed, but due to the limited size of the sample, valid statistical analysis was not possible. The results indicate that victims of domestic violence face a chance that the complaint will be taken seriously. In the event that the police do respond to the call, there is usually no guarantee of subsequent protection. Criminal courts will take the position that wife assault is not a crime, but is a family matter. Civil courts will declare it to be a crime that must be dealt with by the police. To correct these injustices, it is suggested that police personnel be more adequately trained in crisis intervention techniques, that temporary living facilities be provided for victims of violence. More important, early solution of the problem will not result unless wife-beating is universally regarded as a crime. M. Malley. JF - Women's Rights Law Reporter AU - Eisenberg, Sue E AU - Micklow, Patricia L AD - Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Washington DC 20506 Y1 - 1977/04// PY - 1977 DA - April 1977 SP - 138 EP - 161 VL - 3 IS - 3-4 SN - 0085-8269, 0085-8269 KW - wife abuse KW - historical origins/England/US, Michigan's legal system effectiveness/assessment KW - assault victims KW - Abuse/Abuses/Abusing/Abusive KW - United States/US KW - Wife/Wives KW - Michigan KW - England/English (see also Britain, Great Britain, UK) KW - History/Historic/Historical KW - article KW - 1941: the family and socialization; sociology of the family UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60667074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women%27s+Rights+Law+Reporter&rft.atitle=The+Assaulted+Wife%3A+%27Catch+22%27+Revisited&rft.au=Eisenberg%2C+Sue+E%3BMicklow%2C+Patricia+L&rft.aulast=Eisenberg&rft.aufirst=Sue&rft.date=1977-04-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Women%27s+Rights+Law+Reporter&rft.issn=00858269&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - WRLRDU N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - History/Historic/Historical; Wife/Wives; Abuse/Abuses/Abusing/Abusive; United States/US; England/English (see also Britain, Great Britain, UK); Michigan ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Minorities and Women in State and Local Governments. 1974. Volume III--County Governments. Research Report No. 52-3. AN - 63841610; ED154189 AB - One of six volumes summarizing through narrative and statistical tables data collected by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in its 1974 survey, this third volume details the employment status of minorities and women in county governments across the nation. Reports from 1,491 counties were used to project national employment figures. Statistics in this study are designed to highlight various aspects of the employment status of persons by six mutually exclusive race/ethnic groups and by sex. Included in the survey are eight job categories, fourteen government functions, and salary data. The conclusion was made that the status of minorities and women in county governments in 1974 was far from ideal. Although minorities (with the exception of Spanish Surnamed Americans) and women were fairly well represented in overall county government employment, both groups generally had difficulty accessing the better paying functions and occupations of government. New hire data from the survey indicate very slow progress toward changing employment patterns in county government. Appendixes, which make up the greater part of the document, contain statistical summaries of county government information, instructions for filing and report form, and source and reliability of data. (TA) AU - Froning, Mary L. Y1 - 1977 PY - 1977 DA - 1977 SP - 393 KW - United States KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Salaries KW - Blacks KW - Socioeconomic Status KW - Employment Practices KW - American Indians KW - Occupational Surveys KW - Comparative Analysis KW - Minority Groups KW - Underemployment KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Statistical Data KW - Salary Wage Differentials KW - Employment Patterns KW - Employed Women KW - Racial Discrimination KW - Equal Opportunities (Jobs) KW - Spanish Americans KW - Employment Statistics KW - Employment Opportunities KW - Sex Discrimination KW - Local Government KW - Government Employees KW - Public Service Occupations KW - Asian Americans KW - Tables (Data) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63841610?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ERIC&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Froning%2C+Mary+L.&rft.aulast=Froning&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=1977-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Minorities+and+Women+in+State+and+Local+Governments.+1974.+Volume+III--County+Governments.+Research+Report+No.+52-3.&rft.title=Minorities+and+Women+in+State+and+Local+Governments.+1974.+Volume+III--County+Governments.+Research+Report+No.+52-3.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Minorities and Women in State and Local Governments. 1974. Volume IV--Municipal Governments. Research Report No. 52-4. AN - 63840986; ED154190 AB - One of six volumes summarizing through narrative and statistical tables data collected by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in its 1974 survey, this fourth volume details the employment status of minorities and women in municipal governments. Based on reports filed by 2,230 municipalities, statistics in this study are designed to highlight various aspects of the employment status of persons by six mutually exclusive race/ethnic groups and by sex. Included in the survey are eight job categories, fifteen government functions, and salary data. The conclusion was made that both employee groups were virtually excluded from the high-salaried functions and from the more skilled and responsible jobs; they were concentrated in the lowest salaried functions, in the less skilled low-paying jobs offering little or no chance of advancement; and they were consistently paid less than their white or male counterparts. Appendixes, which make up the greater part of the document, contain statistical summaries of municipal government information, instructions for filing and report form, and source and reliability of data. (TA) AU - Skinner, Alice W. Y1 - 1977 PY - 1977 DA - 1977 SP - 396 KW - United States KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Salaries KW - Blacks KW - Socioeconomic Status KW - Employment Practices KW - American Indians KW - Occupational Surveys KW - Comparative Analysis KW - Minority Groups KW - Underemployment KW - Municipalities KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Statistical Data KW - Salary Wage Differentials KW - Employment Patterns KW - Employed Women KW - Racial Discrimination KW - Equal Opportunities (Jobs) KW - Spanish Americans KW - Employment Statistics KW - Employment Opportunities KW - Sex Discrimination KW - Local Government KW - Government Employees KW - Public Service Occupations KW - Asian Americans KW - Tables (Data) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63840986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ERIC&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Skinner%2C+Alice+W.&rft.aulast=Skinner&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft.date=1977-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Minorities+and+Women+in+State+and+Local+Governments.+1974.+Volume+IV--Municipal+Governments.+Research+Report+No.+52-4.&rft.title=Minorities+and+Women+in+State+and+Local+Governments.+1974.+Volume+IV--Municipal+Governments.+Research+Report+No.+52-4.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Minorities and Women in State and Local Governments. 1974. Volume VI--Special Districts. Research Report No. 52-6. AN - 63839691; ED154192 AB - One of six volumes summarizing through narrative and statistical tables data collected by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in its 1974 survey, this sixth volume details the employment status of minorities and women in special district governments (excluding school districts), by examining the general governmental activities they performed, the kinds of jobs they held, and the wages they were paid. Special districts are defined as independent local governments (e.g., authorities, commissions, administrations, etc.) created to provide specific community services, such as mass transit systems, sanitation and sewage, energy and soil conservation, health care, and housing. The conclusion was made that minorities and women were both well represented in special district employment. However, women were virtually dependent on hospitals and sanatoriums for employment, while minorities, especially men, were over-concentrated in service/maintenance jobs. Women were virtually excluded from the high salary utilities or transportation district jobs and minorities were substantially underrepresented in the professional and decision-making positions in all functions. Appendixes, which make up the greater part of this document, contain statistical summaries of special district information, instructions for filing and report form, and source and reliability of data. (TA) AU - Robertson, Winston O. Y1 - 1977 PY - 1977 DA - 1977 SP - 337 KW - United States KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Salaries KW - Blacks KW - Socioeconomic Status KW - Employment Practices KW - American Indians KW - Occupational Surveys KW - Comparative Analysis KW - Minority Groups KW - Services KW - Underemployment KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Statistical Data KW - Salary Wage Differentials KW - Employment Patterns KW - Employed Women KW - Community Services KW - Racial Discrimination KW - Equal Opportunities (Jobs) KW - Spanish Americans KW - Employment Statistics KW - Employment Opportunities KW - Sex Discrimination KW - Local Government KW - Government Employees KW - Public Service Occupations KW - Asian Americans KW - Tables (Data) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63839691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ERIC&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Winston+O.&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Winston&rft.date=1977-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Minorities+and+Women+in+State+and+Local+Governments.+1974.+Volume+VI--Special+Districts.+Research+Report+No.+52-6.&rft.title=Minorities+and+Women+in+State+and+Local+Governments.+1974.+Volume+VI--Special+Districts.+Research+Report+No.+52-6.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Minorities and Women in State and Local Governments. 1974. Volume II--State Governments. Research Report No. 52-2. AN - 63839605; ED154188 AB - One of six volumes summarizing through narrative and statistical tables data collected by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in its 1974 survey, this second volume details the employment status of minorities and women in state governments. Statistics in this study are designed to highlight various aspects of the employment status of persons by six mutually exclusive ethnic groups and by sex. Included in the survey are fifteen government functions, eight job categories and salary data. The conclusion was made that minorities and women in state governments are far from achieving representation equal to their overall civilian labor force participation in every occupation surveyed. For women and for all minority groups except Asian Americans, median annual salaries compared very unfavorably with men and whites, respectively. Employment growth rates indicate that state governments would have ample opportunity to change their employment profiles to provide increased job openings for minorities and women. Appendixes, which make up the greater part of the document, contain statistical summaries of state information collected and instructions for filing and report form. (TA) AU - Froning, Mary L. Y1 - 1977 PY - 1977 DA - 1977 SP - 405 KW - United States KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Salaries KW - Blacks KW - Socioeconomic Status KW - Employment Practices KW - American Indians KW - Occupational Surveys KW - Comparative Analysis KW - Minority Groups KW - Underemployment KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Statistical Data KW - Salary Wage Differentials KW - Employment Patterns KW - Employed Women KW - Racial Discrimination KW - Equal Opportunities (Jobs) KW - Spanish Americans KW - Employment Statistics KW - Employment Opportunities KW - Sex Discrimination KW - Government Employees KW - Public Service Occupations KW - State Government KW - State Surveys KW - Asian Americans KW - Tables (Data) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63839605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ERIC&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Froning%2C+Mary+L.&rft.aulast=Froning&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=1977-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Minorities+and+Women+in+State+and+Local+Governments.+1974.+Volume+II--State+Governments.+Research+Report+No.+52-2.&rft.title=Minorities+and+Women+in+State+and+Local+Governments.+1974.+Volume+II--State+Governments.+Research+Report+No.+52-2.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Minorities and Women in State and Local Governments. 1974. Volume I--U.S. Summary. Research Report No. 52-1. AN - 63839322; ED154187 AB - One of six volumes summarizing through narrative and statistical tables data collected by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in its 1974 survey, this volume, "United States Summary," details nationwide statistics on the employment status of minorities and women. Data include forty-six state governments and virtually all local governments with 100 or more employees, plus a sample of local governments with fifteen to ninety-nine employees. Statistics in this study are designed to highlight various aspects of the employment status of persons by six mutually exclusive ethnic groups and by sex. Included in the survey are fifteen government functions, eight job categories, and salary data. The conclusion was made that statistics in this report show slight overall increases in the proportions of fulltime minority group and female employees in state and local government work forces since the first survey in 1973; nonetheless, equal employment opportunity had not been realized in 1974. Inequities in occupational distributions and in median annual salaries persisted for minorities and women. Appendixes, which make up the greater part of the document, contain statistical summaries of state and local government information, instructions for filing and report form, and source and reliability of data. (TA) AU - Reshad, Rosalind S. Y1 - 1977 PY - 1977 DA - 1977 SP - 431 KW - United States KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Salaries KW - Blacks KW - Socioeconomic Status KW - National Surveys KW - Employment Practices KW - American Indians KW - Occupational Surveys KW - Comparative Analysis KW - Minority Groups KW - Underemployment KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Statistical Data KW - Salary Wage Differentials KW - Employment Patterns KW - Employed Women KW - Racial Discrimination KW - Equal Opportunities (Jobs) KW - Spanish Americans KW - Employment Statistics KW - Employment Opportunities KW - Sex Discrimination KW - Local Government KW - Government Employees KW - Public Service Occupations KW - State Government KW - Asian Americans KW - Tables (Data) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63839322?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ERIC&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Reshad%2C+Rosalind+S.&rft.aulast=Reshad&rft.aufirst=Rosalind&rft.date=1977-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Minorities+and+Women+in+State+and+Local+Governments.+1974.+Volume+I--U.S.+Summary.+Research+Report+No.+52-1.&rft.title=Minorities+and+Women+in+State+and+Local+Governments.+1974.+Volume+I--U.S.+Summary.+Research+Report+No.+52-1.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Minorities and Women in State and Local Governments. 1974. Volume V--Township Governments. Research Report No. 52-5. AN - 63837879; ED154191 AB - One of six volumes summarizing through narrative and statistical tables data collected by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in its 1974 survey, this fifth volume details nationwide statistics on the employment status of minorities and women working in township governments. Data from 299 actual units of government in fourteen states were used to project national employment figures. Statistics in this study are designed to highlight various aspects of the employment status of persons by six mutually exclusive race/ethnic groups and by sex. Included in the survey are eight occupational categories, fourteen government functions, and salary data. The conclusion was made that only negligible numbers of minorities were among those hired in this level of government, and only about one of every four new hires was a woman. Statistics indicated that minorities and women were being hired in functions and occupations where substantial proportions of them already were working, and the few minorities employed were substantially confined to service/maintenance jobs. Inequities in occupational and salary distributions persisted for minorities as compared with whites. Also, women had not reached parity with men in employment in functions, occupations, or salary levels. Appendixes, which make up the greater part of the document, contain statistical summaries of township government information, instructions for filing and report form, and source of reliability of data. (TA) AU - Reshad, Rosalind S. Y1 - 1977 PY - 1977 DA - 1977 SP - 370 KW - United States KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Salaries KW - Blacks KW - Socioeconomic Status KW - Employment Practices KW - American Indians KW - Occupational Surveys KW - Comparative Analysis KW - Minority Groups KW - Underemployment KW - Municipalities KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Statistical Data KW - Salary Wage Differentials KW - Employment Patterns KW - Employed Women KW - Racial Discrimination KW - Equal Opportunities (Jobs) KW - Spanish Americans KW - Employment Statistics KW - Employment Opportunities KW - Sex Discrimination KW - Local Government KW - Government Employees KW - Public Service Occupations KW - Asian Americans KW - Tables (Data) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63837879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ERIC&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Reshad%2C+Rosalind+S.&rft.aulast=Reshad&rft.aufirst=Rosalind&rft.date=1977-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Minorities+and+Women+in+State+and+Local+Governments.+1974.+Volume+V--Township+Governments.+Research+Report+No.+52-5.&rft.title=Minorities+and+Women+in+State+and+Local+Governments.+1974.+Volume+V--Township+Governments.+Research+Report+No.+52-5.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Employment Opportunity in the Schools. Job Patterns of Minorities and Women in Public Elementary and Secondary Schools, 1975. AN - 63830450; ED150322 AB - The national statistics reported here were compiled from the responses of 7,300 school systems to the Elementary-Secondary Staff Information Survey, number EEO-5. (This survey is conducted to fulfill the annual reporting responsibility of public elementary and secondary school systems required by the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972--Title VII.) The data in this report have been aggregated into statistical tables and presented in four summaries of public school employment as follows: (1) United States summary, (2) United States summary by student enrollment size (25,000 or more; 10,000-24,999; 2,500-9,999; and 250-2,499), (3) state summaries, and (4) trend analysis for the United States. For the first three of the above summaries, the information is presented using the following four-table formats: (1) employment by race/ethnic group/sex, (2) race/ethnic group employment by sex, (3) participation rates of full-time elementary secondary staff, and (4) occupational distribution of full-time elementary-secondary staff. For the trend analysis, information is presented using the following table formats: (1) total employment and percent change, (2) participation rates, (3) occupational distributions, and (4) change and contribution to change. Instructions for filing reports and the reporting form along with changes in the race/ethnic designations between 1974 and 1975 are appended. (EM) Y1 - 1977 PY - 1977 DA - 1977 SP - 254 PB - Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (Stock Number 052-015-00050-2) KW - Equal Employment Opportunity Act 1972 KW - United States KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Equal Opportunities (Jobs) KW - Employment Statistics KW - Personnel Selection KW - Sex (Characteristics) KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - National Surveys KW - Personnel Integration KW - Sex Discrimination KW - Occupational Surveys KW - Faculty Integration KW - Demography KW - Public Schools KW - Minority Groups KW - Federal Legislation KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Statistical Data KW - Affirmative Action KW - Employment Patterns KW - Females KW - Tables (Data) KW - Racial Discrimination UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63830450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ERIC&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1977-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Employment+Opportunity+in+the+Schools.+Job+Patterns+of+Minorities+and+Women+in+Public+Elementary+and+Secondary+Schools%2C+1975.&rft.title=Employment+Opportunity+in+the+Schools.+Job+Patterns+of+Minorities+and+Women+in+Public+Elementary+and+Secondary+Schools%2C+1975.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Women: The Path to Equal Employment. Research Report No. 56. AN - 63829976; ED147611 AB - A study of female employment in the private sector between 1966 and 1975 was done (1) to measure the progress of women toward fair-share goals in level of employment, job quality, and salary level and (2) to project when employment gaps will close. The data utilized was reported by those employers who are required to and did file Employer Information Reports with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. There were fourteen conclusions, including the following: (1) The continued existence of employment gaps in the observed job categories implies that women workers are still adversely affected by employment discrimination, (2) there was some improvement in the female employment level and a reduction in the overall level of employment gap, (3) women workers were treated differently from white males and were under-utilized in each of the traditionally non-female job categories, (4) the economic impact of employment discrimination increased, (5) the employment gaps for females are not due to any shortages of qualified or qualifiable women, (6) it will be some time in the twenty-first century or longer before all of the employment gaps will close, and (7) the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission has directly impacted on the employment position of women in every job category except officials/managers and craft workers. (Over half of the report consists of the appendixes including 148 tables.) (EM) AU - Humphrey, Melvin Y1 - 1977 PY - 1977 DA - 1977 SP - 287 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Equal Opportunities (Jobs) KW - Employment Projections KW - Employment Level KW - Salaries KW - Government Role KW - Employment Statistics KW - National Surveys KW - Sex Discrimination KW - Occupational Surveys KW - Income KW - Poverty KW - Employment Patterns KW - Employed Women KW - Females KW - Black Employment KW - Occupations KW - Tables (Data) KW - Racial Discrimination UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63829976?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ERIC&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Humphrey%2C+Melvin&rft.aulast=Humphrey&rft.aufirst=Melvin&rft.date=1977-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Employment+Opportunity+in+the+Schools.+Job+Patterns+of+Minorities+and+Women+in+Public+Elementary+and+Secondary+Schools%2C+1975.&rft.title=Employment+Opportunity+in+the+Schools.+Job+Patterns+of+Minorities+and+Women+in+Public+Elementary+and+Secondary+Schools%2C+1975.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - SuppNotes - Not available in hard copy due to marginal legibility of original N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Minorities and Women in Private Industry 1975: An Analysis of EEO-1 Employment. Research Report No. 54. AN - 63826360; ED145182 AB - Based on the annual reports filed by private employers indicating the sex and racial/ethnic make-up of their employees, employment statistics were gathered by sex for each of nine major occupational categories and for each of four minority groups: Blacks, Hispanics, Asian Americans, and American Indians. In 1975, individual reports were filed for some 150,000 establishments employing 29.9 million persons. These employees included 4.9 million minority group members and 11.1 million women. Blacks were 10.7% of private industry's workers; Hispanics, 4.3%; Asian Americans, 0.9%; and American Indians, 0.3%. Relatively large proportions of the Asian American and Black employees were women. In every one of the white-collar occupations, Blacks and Hispanics were underrepresented. Asian Americans were well-represented in many of the white-collar occupations, particularly as professionals and technicians, but underrepresented in managerial participation, sales positions, and in every blue-collar occupational category. American Indians exceeded their total participation rate in each of the blue-collar and service job categories. Women constituted 37.1% of all private sector employees reported, but were underrepresented in the higher earning white- and blue-collar jobs. Instead they accounted for 80% of the clerical workers and more than one-half of the service employees. (BM) AU - McMillan, Kathleen A. Y1 - 1977 PY - 1977 DA - 1977 SP - 59 PB - Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (Stock No. 052-015-00040-5) KW - Equal Employment Opportunity Commission KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Equal Opportunities (Jobs) KW - Employment Level KW - Blacks KW - White Collar Occupations KW - Spanish Americans KW - Employment Statistics KW - Labor Force KW - Blue Collar Occupations KW - American Indians KW - Sex Discrimination KW - Occupational Surveys KW - Portuguese Americans KW - Minority Groups KW - Asian Americans KW - Mexican Americans KW - Labor Market KW - Employment Patterns KW - Employed Women KW - Racial Discrimination KW - Private Agencies KW - Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63826360?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ERIC&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=McMillan%2C+Kathleen+A.&rft.aulast=McMillan&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft.date=1977-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Minorities+and+Women+in+Private+Industry+1975%3A+An+Analysis+of+EEO-1+Employment.+Research+Report+No.+54.&rft.title=Minorities+and+Women+in+Private+Industry+1975%3A+An+Analysis+of+EEO-1+Employment.+Research+Report+No.+54.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Black Experiences Versus Black Expectations. (A Case for Fair-Share Employment.) Research Report No. 53. AN - 63826331; ED145187 AB - Providing an account of black employment in the private sector between 1969 and 1975, the objectives of this study were designed to develop statistical models for estimating the employment gap between black employment experiences and black employment expectations; projecting employment gap closures; estimating the economic impact of employment discrimination upon blacks; explaining the employment patterns of blacks; and comparing the available pool of black labor with the total demand for labor. All data were collected from the Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO-1) Employer Information Reports. The principal findings were the existence of an employment gap in all six job categories included in this study; some improvement in the overall posture of black workers, although limited; continued existence of gaps between the earnings of black and white workers; an increase in the economic impact of employment discrimination; a favorable impact on the changes in black participation rates brought about by the enforcement of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964; and more stringent educational requirements for blacks over whites when competing for jobs. The study concluded that if given equal opportunity for employment, there are enough blacks with the educational requirements to close the employment gap; however, even with continued increases in black employment availability and participation rates, it will be the twenty-first century before the employment gaps will close. (Statistical tables are included in the document.) (BM) AU - Humphrey, Melvin Y1 - 1977 PY - 1977 DA - 1977 SP - 120 KW - Equal Employment Opportunity Commission KW - Civil Rights Act 1964 Title VII KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Equal Opportunities (Jobs) KW - Employment Projections KW - Mathematical Models KW - Employment Level KW - Professional Occupations KW - Blacks KW - Employment Statistics KW - Racial Differences KW - Employment Qualifications KW - Employment Practices KW - Labor Supply KW - Labor Market KW - Employment Patterns KW - Economic Status KW - Labor Utilization KW - Black Employment KW - Trend Analysis KW - Racial Discrimination KW - Private Agencies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63826331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ERIC&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Humphrey%2C+Melvin&rft.aulast=Humphrey&rft.aufirst=Melvin&rft.date=1977-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Black+Experiences+Versus+Black+Expectations.+%28A+Case+for+Fair-Share+Employment.%29+Research+Report+No.+53.&rft.title=Black+Experiences+Versus+Black+Expectations.+%28A+Case+for+Fair-Share+Employment.%29+Research+Report+No.+53.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Black experiences versus Black expectations: a case for fairshare employment AN - 38149716; 51774c JF - Black experiences versus Black expectations: a case for fairshare employment AU - Humphrey, Melvin Y1 - 1977 PY - 1977 DA - 1977 EP - i94 PB - Equal employment Opportunity Commission KW - Economics KW - economics KW - Labour KW - Minorities KW - Government policy KW - Employment KW - U.S.A. UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/38149716?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/International+Bibliography+of+the+Social+Sciences+%28IBSS%29&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Humphrey%2C+Melvin&rft.aulast=Humphrey&rft.aufirst=Melvin&rft.date=1977-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Black+experiences+versus+Black+expectations%3A+a+case+for+fairshare+employment&rft.title=Black+experiences+versus+Black+expectations%3A+a+case+for+fairshare+employment&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - SuppNotes - USA N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Guide to Resources for Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action. AN - 63904462; ED127722 AB - This publication lists more than 200 publications and other resource materials that may be helpful for developing equal employment and affirmative action programs. Separate sections list and briefly describe publications on equal employment opportunity and affirmative action, data sources for utilization analysis and development of affirmative action goals, and films and audiovisual materials for equal employment opportunity and affirmative action training. Although a majority of the listed publications were produced by various state and federal agencies, many resource materials produced by private organizations are also included. The appendix lists the names and addresses of a variety of state and federal agencies concerned with equal employment opportunity and affirmative action programs. (JG) Y1 - 1976/03// PY - 1976 DA - March 1976 SP - 61 PB - U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2401 E Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20506 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Equal Opportunities (Jobs) KW - Catalogs KW - Government (Administrative Body) KW - Directories KW - Resource Materials KW - Affirmative Action KW - Publications KW - Annotated Bibliographies KW - Sex Discrimination KW - Racial Discrimination UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63904462?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - SuppNotes - For a related document, see EA008642 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Employment Opportunity in the Schools; Job Patterns of Minorities and Women in Public Elementary and Secondary Schools, 1974. Research Report No. 51. AN - 63922686; ED142537 AB - This report summarizes, through narrative and statistical tables, data collected by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) in its 1974 elementary and secondary staff information survey. Statistics from approximately 6,900 school systems responding to the survey were the basis for the national employment estimates in this report. Statistical tables summarize various levels of the data for the nation and for 49 of the 50 states. Because of the different race/ethnic make-up of its population, school systems in the state of Hawaii were surveyed in a unique way, and the results are incompatible with the data in this volume. Also excluded are data for the District of Columbia, which has only one school system; because of Title VII prohibitions against disclosure of information submitted to EEOC for individual employers, that data cannot be shown separately. The statistics in this report are designed to highlight various aspects of the employment status of persons by six mutually exclusive race/ethnic groups and by sex. Eighteen occupational groups allow a comparison of the quality and quantity of jobs held by various groups of employees. (JD) AU - Froning, Mary L. Y1 - 1976 PY - 1976 DA - 1976 SP - 221 PB - Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Publications Department, Room 111, 2401 E Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20506 (Free) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Women Faculty KW - Equal Opportunities (Jobs) KW - Employment Statistics KW - Civil Rights KW - National Surveys KW - Secondary Schools KW - Public Schools KW - Minority Groups KW - School Personnel KW - Employment Patterns KW - Statistical Surveys KW - Elementary Schools UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63922686?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ERIC&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Froning%2C+Mary+L.&rft.aulast=Froning&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=1976-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Employment+Opportunity+in+the+Schools%3B+Job+Patterns+of+Minorities+and+Women+in+Public+Elementary+and+Secondary+Schools%2C+1974.+Research+Report+No.+51.&rft.title=Employment+Opportunity+in+the+Schools%3B+Job+Patterns+of+Minorities+and+Women+in+Public+Elementary+and+Secondary+Schools%2C+1974.+Research+Report+No.+51.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Employment Profiles of Women and Minorities in 23 Metropolitan Areas, 1974. Research Report No. 49. AN - 63818434; ED142722 AB - This study, which analyzes employment patterns of women and minorities in 23 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs), is based on reports (required by the EEOC--Equal Employment Opportunity Commission) from private employers (EEO-1 Reports) and State and local governments (EEO-4 Reports). For each SMSA, EEO-1 data are presented for 1970 and 1974 and EEO-4 data for 1974. All profiles analyze the employment status of women, 19 the status of blacks, 11 the status of Hispanics, and 1 the employment status of Asian Americans. (Criteria for selecting the 23 areas included large populations--at least 340,000 persons, significant incidence of one or more minorities, and geographic dispersion.) The 23 SMSA profiles included are for the following cities: Atlanta, Georgia; Baltimore, Maryland; Birmingham, Alabama; Chicago, Illinois; Cincinnati, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana; Cleveland, Ohio; Detroit, Michigan; El Paso, Texas; Fresno, California; Houston, Texas; Los Angeles-Long Beach, California; Memphis, Tennessee-Arkansas-Mississippi; Miami, Florida; Mobile, Alabama; New Orleans, Louisiana; New York, New York-New Jersey; Newark, New Jersey; Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Portsmouth, Virginia-North Carolina; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania-New Jersey; St. Louis, Missouri-Illinois; San Antonio, Texas; San Jose, California; and Tucson, Arizona. The appendix contains a definition of terms and description of the EEO-1 and EEO-4 surveys. (HD) AU - Hannan, Joan Y1 - 1976 PY - 1976 DA - 1976 SP - 351 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Business KW - Blacks KW - Employment Statistics KW - Employment Opportunities KW - Labor Force KW - Racial Differences KW - Sex Discrimination KW - Local Government KW - State Government KW - Minority Groups KW - Sex Differences KW - Employment Patterns KW - Employed Women KW - Research KW - Females KW - Metropolitan Areas KW - Racial Discrimination KW - Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63818434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ERIC&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Hannan%2C+Joan&rft.aulast=Hannan&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft.date=1976-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Employment+Profiles+of+Women+and+Minorities+in+23+Metropolitan+Areas%2C+1974.+Research+Report+No.+49.&rft.title=Employment+Profiles+of+Women+and+Minorities+in+23+Metropolitan+Areas%2C+1974.+Research+Report+No.+49.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Employment Profiles of Minorities and Women in the SMSA's of 20 Large Cities, 1971. Research Report No. 43. AN - 63978505; ED113521 AB - The report reflects the employment status of women and minorities among companies with 100 or more employees in the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas of: Atlanta; Baltimore; Boston; Chicago; Cleveland; Dallas; Denver; Detroit; Houston; Los Angeles-Long Beach; Memphis, Tennessee-Arkansas; Miami; Newark; New Orleans; New York; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania-New Jersey; St. Louis, Missouri-Illinois; San Francisco-Oakland; Seattle-Everett; and Washington, D.C.-Maryland-Virginia. Detailed employment data were obtained from 1972 EEO-1 Reports filed with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Participation rates were examined for females, blacks, Spanish surnames Americans, Asian Americans, and American Indians. Although employment of women and minorities has generally increased between 1970 and 1972, the survey showed unbalanced occupational distribution and income for women and minorities. Twice the proportion of minority as Anglo women held positions in the laborer and service worker categories. Differentials between occupational distributions of Anglo and minority women were the greatest in Memphis and New Orleans and for Anglo and minority males in Memphis and Dallas. Blacks realized representation gains in the white collar field and Spanish surnamed Americans in the laborer category. Almost 70 percent of Asians were white collar workers; approximately two-thirds of American Indians were blue collar/service workers. (EA) Y1 - 1974/07// PY - 1974 DA - July 1974 SP - 187 PB - Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. (Stock No. 5203-00039; $2.25) KW - Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Equal Opportunities (Jobs) KW - Minority Groups KW - Blacks KW - Spanish Americans KW - Employment Statistics KW - Asian Americans KW - Employment Patterns KW - Females KW - Tables (Data) KW - American Indians UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63978505?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Affirmative Action and Equal Employment. A Guidebook for Employers and Appendices. Volume I and II. AN - 64049705; ED095810 AB - This guide is to help the employer design and implement programs to ensure fair and equal treatment for all persons, regardless of race, color, religion, sex or national origin, in all employment practices. Certain basic elements of most employment systems repeatedly have proved to result in discrimination, and certain basic steps have been found essential to eliminate discriminatory practices. The legal basis for affirmative action, including federal legislation, definitions of discrimination, equal employment opportunity, and basic steps are presented as a guide to developing an effective affirmative action program (publications, surveys, goals, timetables, recruitment, selection standards and procedures, salary structures, union contracts, training, support services, job related education). Volume II contains the appendices related to the text (sample documents, data sources, recruitment resources, guidelines and regulations, and Equal Employment Opportunity Commission publications). (Author/PG) AU - Idelson, Evelyn M. Y1 - 1974/01// PY - 1974 DA - January 1974 SP - 202 PB - EEOC-Affirmative Action, P.O. Box 1612, Springfield, Virginia 22151 (up to 10 copies free) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Equal Opportunities (Jobs) KW - Federal Legislation KW - Unions KW - Contracts KW - Personnel Policy KW - Recruitment KW - Affirmative Action KW - Higher Education KW - Employer Employee Relationship KW - Sex Discrimination KW - Racial Discrimination UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/64049705?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The impact of corporate suburban relocations on minority employment opportunities: a research paper prepared under contract with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission AN - 38188767; 128372c JF - The impact of corporate suburban relocations on minority employment opportunities: a research paper prepared under contract with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission AU - Nelson, J E Y1 - 1974 PY - 1974 DA - 1974 EP - 83 PB - US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission KW - Economics KW - Minorities KW - Employment KW - U.S.A. UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/38188767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/International+Bibliography+of+the+Social+Sciences+%28IBSS%29&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Nelson%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1974-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=ix&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=The+impact+of+corporate+suburban+relocations+on+minority+employment+opportunities%3A+a+research+paper+prepared+under+contract+with+the+Equal+Employment+Opportunity+Commission&rft.title=The+impact+of+corporate+suburban+relocations+on+minority+employment+opportunities%3A+a+research+paper+prepared+under+contract+with+the+Equal+Employment+Opportunity+Commission&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Appeals Examiner's Findings and Recommended Decisions in the Appeal of Miss Barbara A. Ringer, Library of Congress. AN - 64235046; ED065142 AB - Miss Barbara A. Ringer, Assistant Register of Copyrights, Library of Congress, filed a formal complaint of discrimination on September 2, 1971. She charged that the rejection of her application for the position of Register of Copyrights in the Library of Congress was the result of discrimination for reasons of sex and race. An analysis of the complaint filed including all documents, exhibits, recordings, the investigation report, and the hearing transcript provide a preponderence of evidence to conclude that the rejection of Miss Ringer's application for and appointment to the position of Register of Copyrights was the result of discrimination for reasons of sex and race. The appeals examiner makes several recommendations with respect to this particular case and to the general employment practices at the Library of Congress. (Author/SJ) Y1 - 1972/08/10/ PY - 1972 DA - 1972 Aug 10 SP - 32 KW - Library of Congress KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Librarians KW - Government Libraries KW - National Libraries KW - Employment Practices KW - Sex Discrimination KW - Racial Discrimination UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/64235046?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Title VII Reconsidered: The Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 AN - 60847814; 78J0315 AB - The adoption of the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972, amending Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, signifies the realization that employment discrimination is a national problem. Even though the 1964 Act represented a national commitment to equal employment opportunity, in reality, few employers complied due to the powerlessness of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). The history & development of the bill is reviewed. The passage of the Act is followed through a series of legislative attempts to strengthen Title VII, whereby the EEOC was provided with enforcement powers & attempts were made to correct the damage done by the bill's early deficiencies. The principles & provisions of the amendments are analyzed, making it clear that enforcement of the principles which have been reaffirmed by the EEOC must come through courts. Full impact of the Act is yet to be experienced as many of the new procedures wait to be tested by the courts. D. McGuire. JF - The George Washington Law Review AU - Sape, George P AU - Hart, Thomas J AD - Office Congressional Affairs Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Washington DC & House Committee Education Labor, Washington DC Y1 - 1972/07// PY - 1972 DA - July 1972 SP - 824 EP - 889 VL - 40 IS - 5 SN - 0016-8076, 0016-8076 KW - 1972 Equal Employment Opportunity Act KW - 1964 Civil Rights Act Title VII, employer compliance, EEOC enforcement powers, court actions KW - US KW - Equal/Equality/Equalization KW - Civil rights KW - Discrimination KW - United States/US KW - Employment KW - Social reform/Social reformers KW - article KW - 0410: group interactions; interaction between (large) groups (race relations/ethnicity) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60847814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+George+Washington+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Title+VII+Reconsidered%3A+The+Equal+Employment+Opportunity+Act+of+1972&rft.au=Sape%2C+George+P%3BHart%2C+Thomas+J&rft.aulast=Sape&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=1972-07-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=824&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+George+Washington+Law+Review&rft.issn=00168076&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - GWLRAM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States/US; Equal/Equality/Equalization; Employment; Discrimination; Social reform/Social reformers; Civil rights ER - TY - GEN T1 - Guidelines on Discrimination Because of Sex. AN - 64046370; ED096479 AB - This brochure presents regulatory guidelines on sex discrimination with sections devoted to: general principles; sex as a bona fide occupational qualification; separate lines of progression and seniority systems; discrimination against married women; advertising job opportunities; employment agencies; pre-employment inquiries as to sex; the relationship of Title VII to the Equal Pay Act; fringe benefits; and employment policies relating to pregnancy and childbirth. Delineating sex as a bona fide qualification in occupational hiring is a major thrust of the document. Interpreted narrowly, occupational discrimination is manifested by (1) sex labels which tend to deny employment unnecessarily to one sex or another; (2) assumptions on comparative employment characteristics, such as"the turnover rate is higher for women than men"; (3) stereotyped sex characterizations (i.e., "men are less able to assemble intricate equipment"); and (4) preferences of coworkers, employers, clients, or customers. Authenticity or genuineness--e.g., an actor or actress--will be considered as a bona fide occupational qualification. The brochure revises Title 29, Chapter 14, Part 1604 of the Code of Federal Regulations. (NH) Y1 - 1972/03/31/ PY - 1972 DA - 1972 Mar 31 SP - 8 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Equal Opportunities (Jobs) KW - Males KW - Personnel Selection KW - Job Placement KW - Guidelines KW - Employment Opportunities KW - Administrator Guides KW - Sex (Characteristics) KW - Federal Government KW - Employment Qualifications KW - Sex Discrimination KW - Occupational Information KW - Sex Differences KW - Females UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/64046370?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Job Patterns for Minorities and Women in Private Industry: Equal Employment Opportunity Report, 1969. Volume 1: The Nation, States, Industries. Volume 2: Metropolitan Areas. AN - 64170956; ED076818 AB - The Equal Employment Opportunity Report for 1969 documents the results of job discrimination, based on more than 150,000 reports submitted by 44,000 employers covering more than 28 million workers. These reports provide statistics of employment by sex, race, and national origin in nine standard occupational categories: officials and managers, professionals, technicians, sales workers, office and clerical, craftsmen, operatives, laborers, and service workers. Volume 1 includes tabulated data covering nationwide totals, statewide totals, and industries by state for each of the 60 industries or industrial groups. Volume 2 contains totals for Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas and for selected industries in those areas. Lists of industries and areas and the employer report form are also provided. (MF) Y1 - 1971 PY - 1971 DA - 1971 SP - 1645 PB - Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (Y3.Eq2:12/969/v.1,2, $11.00 set) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Equal Opportunities (Jobs) KW - White Collar Occupations KW - Employment Statistics KW - National Surveys KW - Industrial Personnel KW - Blue Collar Occupations KW - Sex Discrimination KW - Occupational Surveys KW - Minority Groups KW - State Surveys KW - Employment Patterns KW - Employed Women KW - Metropolitan Areas KW - Racial Discrimination UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/64170956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aeric&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Job+Patterns+for+Minorities+and+Women+in+Private+Industry%3A+Equal+Employment+Opportunity+Report%2C+1969.+Volume+1%3A+The+Nation%2C+States%2C+Industries.+Volume+2%3A+Metropolitan+Areas.&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1986-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - SuppNotes - 1,645p. N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Equal Employment Opportunity Report. 1969; Job Patterns of Minorities and Women in Private Industry. 1969. Volume I, The Nation, States, Industries. Volume II, Metropolitan Areas. AN - 64118263; ED080792 AB - The statistical tables presented here summarize selected portions of the information supplied to the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission through the EEO-1 reporting system, using Standard Form 100, a copy of which is appended. The coverage and limitations of the survey are described, together with a list of industries and a list of standard metropolitan statistical areas. The first table shows minority group employment by occupation, sex, and state, together with national totals, the second by industry, occupations, and sex for selected states, and the third by occupation and sex for selected industries and standard metropolitan areas. In all tables the occupations are broken down into total employment, white collar occupations (five categories plus total white collar employment), blue collar occupations (three categories plus total blue collar employment), and service workers. Occupational distributions and participation rates are also shown on all tables. (SA) Y1 - 1971 PY - 1971 DA - 1971 SP - 1645 PB - Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (GPO5215-0018 $11.00 per set of two parts, sold in sets only) KW - Private Industry KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Minority Groups KW - White Collar Occupations KW - Sex Differences KW - Statistical Data KW - Employment Patterns KW - Females KW - Tables (Data) KW - Blue Collar Occupations KW - Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/64118263?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Personnel Testing and Equal Employment Opportunity. AN - 64304214; ED053325 AB - Presented in this book is a series of papers on one of the most complex issues the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission has faced in the first 5 years of its operation. Employment testing represents a systemic problem in equal employment opportunity for minorities and women. Papers included in this document are "Testing of Minority Group Applicants for Employment" by Wallace, Kissinger, and Reynolds, and the following speeches by William Enneis: (1) "Statement Before the House Post Office and Civil Service Subcommittee on Postal Operations," (2) "Discrimination: Planned and Accidental," (3) "Personnel Testing and Equal Employment Opportunity," (4) "Misuses of Tests," (5) "Minority Employment Barriers From the EEOC Viewpoint," (6) "Statement on Personnel Testing and Selection," and (7) "Uses of Nontest Variables in the Government Employment Setting." Also included are guidelines on employee selection procedures. (Author/JS) AU - Anderson, Betty R. AU - Rogers, Martha P. Y1 - 1970/12// PY - 1970 DA - December 1970 SP - 58 PB - Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (74-609942, $.55) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Equal Opportunities (Jobs) KW - Minority Groups KW - Personnel Selection KW - Guidelines KW - Employment Opportunities KW - Prognostic Tests KW - Testing KW - Test Interpretation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/64304214?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Differences in the Occupational Standing of Black Workers Among Industries and Cities. AN - 64275341; ED050269 AB - This document is a summary of a doctoral thesis which was written to answer three questions. These are: (1) How important are personal characteristics of black workers in explaining the variance in their relative occupational standing among the private sectors of these cities? (2) How important are general characteristics of the cities and industries in which they work? and (3) What policies are most likely to improve the relative occupational standing of blacks employed in the private sector? The strategy for answering these questions was to develop measures of personal characteristics of black workers and of general characteristics of the labor markets and industries where they work. Answers derived through the use of this strategy include the following: (1) Personal characteristics of blacks such as their education and age are important, but less so, then general characteristics of the cities in which they work, in predicting their relative occupational standing; (2) Black women have greater chances of achieving occupational parity in cities where in-migration is not great; (3) Occupational parity for black men depends on greater access to manufacturing and unionized industries, where the demand for white collar workers is weak. (Author/JS) AU - Lyle, Jerolyn R. Y1 - 1970/06// PY - 1970 DA - June 1970 SP - 33 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Racial Characteristics KW - Blacks KW - Employment Opportunities KW - Urban Demography KW - Community Characteristics KW - Black Community KW - Doctoral Dissertations KW - Employment Patterns KW - Vocational Education KW - Labor Utilization KW - Black Employment KW - Labor Force Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/64275341?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Testing of Minority Group Applicants for Employment. Research Report 1966-7. AN - 63908217; ED128665 AB - The research questions whether many tests used by employers for employee selection do discriminate inadvertantly. Because sub-groups or minority groups tend to be culturally disadvantaged, standardized tests have many shortcomings. When used as selection devices standardized tests may: (1) not provide reliable differentiation in the range of the minority group's scores; (2) use predictive validity different from that for the standardization and validation groups; and (3) use interpretation that is quite dependent upon the cultural background of the majority. To eliminate cultural bias in testing, tests that are culture-free, culture-fair, culture-equivalent, and measure creativity need to be developed. The concepts of using "dual test standards" and "compensatory training" may help create new methods for employee selection. It is concluded that proper testing practices need to be followed by improvement in hiring situations. Recommendations are that: (1) job descriptions be examined and requirements established before tests are used; (2) tests be developed by reputable psychologists; (3) inflexible minimum scores be re-examined; (4) test scores be combined with other data on performance; (5) test scores be validated in the setting used; and (6) re-tests be offered to unsuccessful applicants with culturally disadvantaged backgrounds. (RL) AU - Wallace, Phyllis Y1 - 1966/03// PY - 1966 DA - March 1966 SP - 35 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Equal Opportunities (Jobs) KW - Minority Groups KW - Culture Fair Tests KW - Group Testing KW - Disadvantaged KW - Social Discrimination KW - Testing KW - Psychological Testing KW - Predictive Validity KW - Bias KW - Intelligence Tests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/63908217?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-24 ER -