TY - JOUR T1 - Process-based forest productivity models and their application in forest management AN - 16300374; 4231190 AB - Few process-based forest productivity models have become incorporated into forest management systems. The prevalent perception is that process-based models are suited only for research applications and that management questions will be solved only by using descriptive empirical models. This is despite the fact that the latter can neither deal satisfactorily with changing environmental and management conditions nor answer all questions currently asked by managers. This paper develops the proposition that the end-use specifies the design and scale of forest simulation models, and that given the range of questions now asked in forest management a range of models is required. The spatial and temporal resolution, and the input and output data required to address typical forest management questions is examined. A survey of recent literature examines in which areas, and by whom, existing forest productivity models are being applied. It is concluded that many current management questions can be adequately answered using models in which a phenomenological approach is applied to predict annual forest growth at the stand-scale. Lumped-parameter process-based models and hybrid models provide the most immediate means through which our understanding of the biological processes underlying forest growth can be included in forest management systems. However, more detailed process-based models can play an important role in validating simpler models, in the development of generalizations applicable over long time scales and for testing hypotheses about the way trees function and respond to interacting stresses. Guidelines are also given on model structures appropriate for different classes of management questions. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Battaglia, M AU - Sands, P J AD - Cooperative Research Centre for Temperate Hardwood Forestry and CSIRO Division of Forestry and Forest Products, G.P.O. Box 252-12, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia Y1 - 1998/03/03/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Mar 03 SP - 13 EP - 32 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 102 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16300374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Process-based+forest+productivity+models+and+their+application+in+forest+management&rft.au=Battaglia%2C+M%3BSands%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Battaglia&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-03-03&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Improving Mathematics in Middle School: Lessons from TIMSS and Related Research. AN - 62560617; ED417956 AB - Results from the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMMS) have recently captured the attention of the United States and once again focused the nation on matters of mathematics teaching and learning. In general, the TIMSS results indicate a pervasive and intolerable mediocrity in mathematics teaching and learning in the middle grades and beyond. At Grades 7 and 8 and also at Grade 12, U.S. students achieve poorly in mathematics compared to students in much of the rest of the world. Even the 12th-grade students who take advanced mathematics courses performed substantially below students in most other nations. The results also suggest that the demands made by the U.S. school mathematics curriculum and mathematics classroom instruction are not as challenging as in other countries. This document reports the major findings from TIMMS and makes some recommendations for enhancing mathematics teaching and learning in the middle grades. Contains 40 references. (ASK) AU - Silver, Edward A. Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 29 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - ORAD-98-1107 KW - Third International Mathematics and Science Study KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Instructional Improvement KW - Mathematics Instruction KW - Educational Change KW - Mathematics Curriculum KW - Mathematics Achievement KW - Equal Education KW - Middle Schools KW - Teaching Methods KW - Secondary Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62560617?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Public Elementary and Secondary Education Statistics: School Year 1997-98. Early Estimates. AN - 62559848; ED418991 AB - The early estimates system from which this report is gathered is designed to allow the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) to publish key statistics before the end of the school year in which they are reported. The information is collected through contact with public school state education agencies. Public school estimates consist of: preliminary actual counts for individual states; estimates derived by the states for the NCES; and estimated values developed by the NCES from state-specific and national data. These estimates indicate that there were approximately 46.1 million students in U.S. public elementary and secondary schools in fall 1997, compared with 45.2 million in fall 1996. These students were taught by an estimated 2.7 million teachers. Student membership and teacher count data yield pupil-to-teacher ratios for grade levels prekindergarten through grade 12 of 16.9 for public schools in the 1997-98 school year. An estimated 2.4 million students graduated from high school in the 1996-97 school year. Revenues for public elementary and secondary education in fiscal year 1997 are estimated to be $297.2 billion, and they are expected to rise to approximately $309.7 billion in fiscal year 1998. The per-pupil expenditure for public education is estimated to be $6,131 per student in membership for the 1997-98 school year. A technical notes section discusses the methods by which estimates were made and their accuracy. (Contains seven tables.) (SLD) AU - McDowell, Lena M. Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 20 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160494877 KW - Early Estimates KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Expenditures KW - Public Schools KW - Estimation (Mathematics) KW - Teacher Student Ratio KW - Educational Finance KW - Enrollment KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Teachers KW - Tables (Data) KW - School Statistics KW - Income UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62559848?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Fall Staff in Postsecondary Institutions, 1995. E.D. Tabs. AN - 62556789; ED417632 AB - This report presents national survey data on approximately 2.8 million staff employed at 8,598 postsecondary institutions in fall 1995 from Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System. The information is presented in tables, with some narrative. Survey findings are summarized in three chapters: an overview of postsecondary education staff, including data on all institutions and on the subset of 3,716 institutions classified as higher education institutions (IHEs); faculty growth, racial/ethnic and gender distribution, tenure, rank, and salaries in IHEs; and newly hired staff in IHEs. Where possible, comparisons are made with earlier data. Appended materials include detailed statistical tabulations for all institutions and for IHEs, technical notes on study methodology, a glossary of major terms and classification categories used in the survey and report, additional related tables, and a copy of the survey questionnaire. (MSE) AU - Roey, Stephen AU - Rak, Rebecca Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 221 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Mail Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160494699 KW - Full Time Employment KW - Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Tenure KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Salaries KW - Research Methodology KW - Educational Trends KW - Higher Education KW - National Surveys KW - Comparative Analysis KW - Minority Groups KW - Racial Distribution KW - Salary Wage Differentials KW - Employment Patterns KW - Academic Rank (Professional) KW - Trend Analysis KW - Professional Personnel KW - Questionnaires KW - Nonprofessional Personnel KW - Teacher Characteristics KW - Part Time Employment KW - College Faculty KW - Databases KW - Teacher Student Ratio KW - Personnel Data KW - School Personnel KW - Tables (Data) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62556789?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For 1993 survey, see ED 398 826. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Gender Differences in Earnings among Young Adults Entering the Labor Market. Postsecondary Education Descriptive Analysis Reports. Statistical Analysis Report. AN - 62545588; ED417308 AB - The source of data for analysis of earning differences between men and women was the High School and Beyond (HS&B) study that tracked the 1980 sophomore class from high school to postsecondary education and the labor market. Analyses indicated that in 1992, 10 years after most of the students who were the subjects in the study graduated from high school, women were less likely than men to work consistently after they left school--one-third compared to 46 percent. Men with no more than a high school diploma or General Educational Development certificate earned $25,601, whereas women earned $19,333 in the last full year after highest degree attainment. Men who earned certificates or associate's degrees earned $22,410 in the first year of work; women earned $19,446. In the last year of work, the men earned $26,969; women earned $21,868. Female workers with Bachelor's degrees earned $22,602 the year after graduation compared to $26,778 earned by men. By the last year of work, men were earning $34,104 compared to $27,259 for women. The gender dominance of the major field of study for students who earned any postsecondary degree or certificate was related to their earnings. Workers who graduated in female-dominated fields started work earning $20,855; those in male-dominated fields earned $26,170. By their last full year of employment studied, workers in female dominated field earned $24,307 compared to those in male dominated fields who earned $31,292. Men who graduated with Bachelor's degrees in gender-neutral fields earned more than women in the same fields. (Appendixes contain a glossary, technical notes, and a 24-item bibliography.) (YLB) AU - Clery, Suzanne B. AU - Lee, John B. AU - Knapp, Laura G. Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 85 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-98-086 KW - High School and Beyond (NCES) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Postsecondary Education KW - High School Graduates KW - Salaries KW - Educational Attainment KW - Student Certification KW - Secondary Education KW - High School Equivalency Programs KW - Employment Experience KW - Sex Differences KW - Salary Wage Differentials KW - Nontraditional Occupations KW - Employed Women UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62545588?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Selected Papers in School Finance, 1996. AN - 62531299; ED417494 AB - The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) surveys the changing landscape in education finance by commissioning papers from members of the school finance research community. Papers that address the questions of the current and future financial condition for school districts are presented here. The papers, which are intended to promote the exchange of ideas among researchers and policymakers, take two separate tacks. One set explores the present financial condition of school districts, focusing on how a retiring work force may influence the finances of school districts, how school districts respond to fiscal exigencies, and the efficacy of urban school districts. The other papers propose an imaginative new way of funding education, at the school level, and simulates the results for Texas, offering a summary of issues and problems related to school-based funding approaches. The recurrent theme revolves around the proposition that state aid should be distributed to schools rather than to school districts. Some of the specific topics addressed here include the dynamics of teacher salary expense, how school districts respond to fiscal constraint, the condition of urban school finance, reinventing education finance, and exploring alternatives for school-based funding. (RJM) AU - Fowler, William J. Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 129 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160494540 KW - Texas KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Educational Equity (Finance) KW - Budgeting KW - Finance Reform KW - Expenditure per Student KW - Educational Finance KW - School District Spending KW - School Effectiveness KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Urban Schools KW - School Funds KW - Educational Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62531299?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Private School Universe Survey, 1995-96. Statistical Analysis Report. AN - 62530854; ED417493 AB - In fall 1995, the United States had 27,686 private elementary and secondary schools. Data on these private schools, organized by school size, school level, religious orientation, geographical region, community type, and program emphasis are presented in this report. The information was collected from the Private School Survey, which was designed to collect data from all private schools in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The tables contained in the report classify data using three classificatory schemes: private school typology, religious and non-sectarian categories, and association membership. Results show that of the three primary types of private schools--Catholic, other religious, and non-sectarian--other religious schools were the most numerous (47 percent), followed by Catholic schools (30 percent) and non-sectarian schools (23 percent). However, of the approximately 5 million students enrolled in the nation's private schools, Catholic schools had more students (50 percent) than other types of private schools. Regions with the most private schools were the Midwest (27 percent) and South (29 percent). The region with the fewest private schools was the West (21 percent). Eighty percent of the schools emphasized a regular elementary/secondary program. Numerous charts and tables provide additional statistics. (RJM) AU - Broughman, Stephen P. AU - Colaciello, Lenore A. Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 89 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160494990 KW - Private School Survey (NCES) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Catholic Schools KW - Parochial Schools KW - National Surveys KW - Children KW - Religious Education KW - Proprietary Schools KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Enrollment KW - Data Collection KW - Tables (Data) KW - Private Schools KW - Private Education KW - Adolescents KW - Educational Philosophy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62530854?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Violence and Discipline Problems in U.S. Public Schools: 1996-97. AN - 62530254; ED417257 AB - Under a Congressional mandate, the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) is required to collect data on the frequency, seriousness, and incidence of violence in elementary and secondary schools. The NCES responded to this requirement by commissioning a survey, the Principal/School Disciplinarian Survey on School Violence, the results of which are detailed in this report. The school violence survey was conducted with a nationally representative sample of 1,234 regular public elementary, middle, and secondary schools in the 50 states and the District of Columbia in the spring and summer of 1997. The survey requested information on: (1) the incidence of crime and violence in the public schools; (2) principals' (or school disciplinarians') perceptions about discipline issues; (3) types of disciplinary actions schools took; and (4) security and violence prevention measures in the schools. More than half of U.S. public schools reported experiencing at least one crime incident in the school year 1996-97, and 1 in 10 schools reported at least one serious violent crime during the school year. Crime and violence were more of a problem in middle and high schools than in elementary schools. Middle and high schools were more likely to report that they had experienced one or more incidents of any crime and one or more incidents of serious violent crime than elementary schools. Most public schools reported having zero tolerance policies towards serious student offenses, and most schools reported that they used low levels of security measures to prevent violence. Most schools reported having formal school violence prevention programs. An appendix contains the survey questionnaire. (Contains 12 figures, 32 tables.) (SLD) AU - Heaviside, Sheila AU - Rowand, Cassandra AU - Williams, Catrina AU - Farris, Elizabeth Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 145 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-98-030 KW - Fast Response Survey System KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Crime KW - Principals KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - School Safety KW - National Surveys KW - Violence KW - Zero Tolerance Policy KW - Public Schools KW - Federal Legislation KW - Discipline Problems KW - Incidence KW - Administrator Attitudes KW - Tables (Data) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62530254?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - MARC and the year 2000 AN - 59947614; 1999-0412690 AB - Indicates data elements in the MARC, or machine-readable cataloging formats that contain dates that could be affected by the century change in the year 2000: formats for bibliographic data (BD), authority data (AD), classification data (CD), community information (CI), and holdings data (HD). JF - United States Library of Congress, March 1998. Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 PB - United States Library of Congress KW - Cataloging -- Information processing systems KW - Year 2000 computer date conversion KW - Information processing systems -- Quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59947614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MARC+and+the+year+2000&rft.title=MARC+and+the+year+2000&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://lcweb.loc.gov/marc/yr2000.html LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Lib Cong N1 - Document feature - link(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Digital developments in the Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress AN - 51023833; 1999-029230 JF - Information Bulletin - Western Association of Map Libraries AU - Fitzpatrick, Gary Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 61 EP - 66 PB - Western Association of Map Libraries, [Sacramento, CA] VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0049-7282, 0049-7282 KW - libraries KW - imagery KW - spatial data KW - cartography KW - data processing KW - mapping KW - Geography and Map Division KW - cost KW - computer programs KW - geographic information systems KW - digital cartography KW - Library of Congress KW - information systems KW - collections KW - 14:Geologic maps UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51023833?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information+Bulletin+-+Western+Association+of+Map+Libraries&rft.atitle=Digital+developments+in+the+Geography+and+Map+Division%2C+Library+of+Congress&rft.au=Fitzpatrick%2C+Gary&rft.aulast=Fitzpatrick&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Information+Bulletin+-+Western+Association+of+Map+Libraries&rft.issn=00497282&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CA] N1 - SuppNotes - Excerpts from a presentation given at the fall 1996 WAML meeting in Seattle, WA N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cartography; collections; computer programs; cost; data processing; digital cartography; geographic information systems; Geography and Map Division; imagery; information systems; libraries; Library of Congress; mapping; spatial data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Verification of Australian monthly district rainfall totals using high resolution gridded analyses AN - 17387584; 4598396 AB - The use of district rainfall totals for the description of Australian rainfall on monthly and longer time-scales has been investigated using a gridded rainfall dataset generated using an objective analysis technique. It has been verified that the operational district totals, generated within the Bureau of Meteorology for rainfall monitoring and prediction purposes, provide a reasonable indication of rainfall on the whole, both in the mean and in individual months. Some deficiencies have been found in the district totals in certain parts of the country, most notably in the subtropical parts of Western Australia, southern half of the Northern Territory, tropical Queensland, and western Tasmania. In each of these areas districts encompass geographical regions with large spatial variation in rainfall, and the distribution of stations available for the calculation of district average rainfall is not sufficient. The appropriateness of the district boundaries and the variability of rainfall within districts is also investigated. JF - Australian Meteorological Magazine AU - Jones, DA AU - Beard, G AD - Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre, GPO Box 1289K, Melbourne, Vic. 3001, Australia Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 41 EP - 54 VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0004-9743, 0004-9743 KW - Australia, Northern Terr., Queensland KW - Australia, Tasmania KW - Australia, Western Australia KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Meteorological Data Collection KW - Variability KW - Rainfall KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Monitoring KW - Monthly Distribution KW - SW 0815:Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17387584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Meteorological+Magazine&rft.atitle=Verification+of+Australian+monthly+district+rainfall+totals+using+high+resolution+gridded+analyses&rft.au=Jones%2C+DA%3BBeard%2C+G&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+Meteorological+Magazine&rft.issn=00049743&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Monthly Distribution; Rainfall; Monitoring; Prediction; Spatial Distribution; Variability; Meteorological Data Collection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reconnaissance limnology of Tasmania IV. The distribution and ecological preferences of Tasmanian species of freshwater calanoid copepods (Crustacea: Centropagidae) AN - 16552763; 4366267 AB - The species of calanoid copepods occurring in 323 lakes chosen to cover all of the broad spectrum of limnological conditions experienced in Tasmania has been determined. Some species are distinctly segregated into two assemblages across the abrupt limnological divide that sets apart eastern and western montane limnological provinces. These species show distinct limnological preferences aligned with the dichotomy in limnological conditions. Some of these species occur also in the third limnological province of coastal lagoons, preserving their preferences. Distribution patterns in these three provinces are essentially natural and, in montane regions, a post-glacial event. In settled regions of the state, ubiquitous, opportunistic species have spread as agricultural ponds have been created, and even into the highland regions in the wake of development for hydro-electricity. A few species have restricted, disjunct distributions, such as in the few Tasmanian salt lakes where species characteristic of such habitats on mainland Australia occur. Two species (Boeckella propinqua longisetosa and Boeckella rubra) are Tasmanian endemics. Another (Boeckella nyoraensis) is now known only from the island. JF - Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie AU - Walsh, RGJ AU - Tyler, P A AD - Department of Zoology, University of Tasmania, Box 252C GPO Hobart, Tasmania 7006, Australia Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 403 EP - 420 VL - 141 IS - 4 SN - 0003-9136, 0003-9136 KW - Australia, Tasmania KW - Copepods KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Spatial distribution KW - Biogeography KW - Hydroelectric power KW - Limnology KW - Lagoons KW - Mountains KW - Ecology KW - Lakes KW - Copepoda KW - Saline lakes KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - D 04665:Crustaceans UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16552763?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archiv+fuer+Hydrobiologie&rft.atitle=Reconnaissance+limnology+of+Tasmania+IV.+The+distribution+and+ecological+preferences+of+Tasmanian+species+of+freshwater+calanoid+copepods+%28Crustacea%3A+Centropagidae%29&rft.au=Walsh%2C+RGJ%3BTyler%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=RGJ&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=141&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=403&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archiv+fuer+Hydrobiologie&rft.issn=00039136&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ecology; Mountains; Lakes; Spatial distribution; Biogeography; Hydroelectric power; Limnology; Lagoons; Copepods; Saline lakes; Copepoda ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purulent pericarditis with associated cardiac tamponade caused by a Streptococcus pneumoniae strain highly resistant to penicillin, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone AN - 16490441; 4367630 AB - Purulent pericarditis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae is a serious complication of pneumonia. Although the number of cases has decreased significantly since the introduction of penicillin, pneumococcus remains one of the most frequently isolated bacteria. JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases AU - Saenz, R E AU - Sanders, C V AU - Aldridge, KE AU - Patel, M M AD - School of Medicine in New Orleans, Louisiana State University, University Medical Center, 2390 West Congress Street, P.O. Box 4016-C, Lafayette, LA 70506, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 762 EP - 763 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - man KW - perulent pericarditis KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16490441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Purulent+pericarditis+with+associated+cardiac+tamponade+caused+by+a+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+strain+highly+resistant+to+penicillin%2C+cefotaxime%2C+and+ceftriaxone&rft.au=Saenz%2C+R+E%3BSanders%2C+C+V%3BAldridge%2C+KE%3BPatel%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Saenz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=762&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acinetobacter bacteraemia in patients with diarrhoeal disease AN - 16469686; 4347187 AB - In 1994, 171 (27%) of all positive blood cultures in our hospital were due to Acinetobacter species. Of these, 138 cultures were considered significant, 91 (66%) were community-acquired and 47 (34%) were nosocomial. Most acinetobacter bacteraemia in children less than or equal to 1 year old was community-acquired, while nosocomial infection was more common in children > 1 year old (P = 0.01). Most children less than or equal to 5 years old were severely malnourished. The incidence of bacteraemia was lowest during the post-monsoon to early winter months. Acinetobacter bacteraemia associated mortality was twice (16%) that of all other patients (7.7%, P < 0.0005) and accounted for 4.5% of all hospital deaths during the study period. Bacteraemia caused by Acinetobacter species is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among our patient population with diarrhoeal disease. JF - Epidemiology and Infection AU - Hossain, MI AU - Kabir, AKMI AU - Khan, WA AU - Fuchs, G J AD - Clinical Sciences Division, ICDDR, B, GPO Box No. 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 139 EP - 142 VL - 120 IS - 2 SN - 0950-0268, 0950-0268 KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16469686?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+and+Infection&rft.atitle=Acinetobacter+bacteraemia+in+patients+with+diarrhoeal+disease&rft.au=Hossain%2C+MI%3BKabir%2C+AKMI%3BKhan%2C+WA%3BFuchs%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Hossain&rft.aufirst=MI&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+and+Infection&rft.issn=09500268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of microscopy in the investigation of paramyosin as a vaccine candidate against Schistosoma japonicum AN - 16429961; 4332635 AB - There has been growing interest in paramyosin as a vaccine component to combat schistosomiasis. Immunological and molecular techniques have been used in the past to investigate the effectiveness of a paramyosin vaccine as an anti-schistosomal treatment. However, recent localization studies at ultrastructural and morphological levels have highlighted a number of questions concerning the role of paramyosin within schistosome parasites. Debates about how a non-surface protein such as paramyosin might provide protection against schistosome infections have recently been addressed by microscopy results. Immunolocalization studies have indicated multiple functions of paramyosin within the parasite and provided insights into how a vaccine may target the parasite, as discussed here by Geoffrey Gobert. JF - Parasitology Today AU - Gobert, G N AD - Analytical Electron Microscopy Facility, Queensland Univ. Technol., GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Qld. 4001, Australia Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 115 EP - 118 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0169-4758, 0169-4758 KW - Schistosoma japonicum KW - microscopy KW - paromyosin KW - reviews KW - schistosomiasis KW - vaccines KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Immunology Abstracts KW - Human diseases KW - Immunology KW - Freshwater KW - Public health KW - Literature reviews KW - Microscopy KW - Parasitic diseases KW - Vaccines KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16429961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Parasitology+Today&rft.atitle=The+role+of+microscopy+in+the+investigation+of+paramyosin+as+a+vaccine+candidate+against+Schistosoma+japonicum&rft.au=Gobert%2C+G+N&rft.aulast=Gobert&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Parasitology+Today&rft.issn=01694758&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human diseases; Literature reviews; Immunology; Microscopy; Vaccines; Parasitic diseases; Public health; Schistosoma japonicum; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Was there sufficient justification for the 10-fold increase in the TLV for silica fume? A critical review AN - 16428868; 4329312 AB - In 1992, the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) for amorphous silica fume produced as a by-product of metallurgical processes was revised upwards from 0.2 mg/m super(3) (respirable dust) to 2.0 mg/m super(3). Comparison of the documentation justifying the lower TLV published by the ACGIH in 1989, with the subsequent documentation justifying the higher value published in 1992, does not support this increase. Following an outline of the problem areas existing in interpretational difficulties of experimental and review material in the silica fume bibliography, this paper provides a detailed examination of the six additional references cited in the 1992 documentation. All additional material suggests a need for extra caution, particularly with respect to recent experimental work in Australia on the sizing of silica fume. This paper concludes that the health evidence supports a TLV for silica fume closer to 0.3 mg/m super(3) rather than the current 2.0 mg/m super(3) now adopted in the U.S. and Australia. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Cunningham, E A AU - Todd, J J AU - Jablonski, W AD - University of Tasmania, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, GPO Box 252-78, Hobart Tasmania, Australia 7001, eac@Postoffice.SandyBay.utas.edu.au Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 212 EP - 223 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - man KW - silica KW - silicon dioxide KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16428868?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Was+there+sufficient+justification+for+the+10-fold+increase+in+the+TLV+for+silica+fume%3F+A+critical+review&rft.au=Cunningham%2C+E+A%3BTodd%2C+J+J%3BJablonski%2C+W&rft.aulast=Cunningham&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=212&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of two scales of habitat architecture on benthic grazing in a river AN - 16424339; 4323625 AB - 1. This experiment studied the effects of differing levels of the complexity of substratum architecture at two spatial scales on the distribution and abundance of benthic algae and invertebrates, and the strength of the trophic interaction between invertebrate grazers and algae. Some estimates of the effects on invertebrate colonization rates were also made. 2. Four levels of microhabitat architectural complexity were created using artificial substrata (clay tiles) and placed in Mountain River, Tasmania, in two riffle types (bedrock and boulder-cobble) of differing large-scale substratum complexity. After a colonization period, invertebrate grazers were removed from half the tiles to measure the effects of grazing. Invertebrates on the tiles were also counted and identified. At the end of the experiment, algae were removed from the tiles and analysed for chlorophyll a. 3. Invertebrate grazers did not reduce algal biomass during the experiment, and microhabitat-scale architecture influenced algal biomass more strongly than riffle-scale architecture. Highly complex microhabitat architecture increased algal biomass by providing more surface area, but once standardized for surface area, algal biomass decreased as the complexity of microhabitat architecture increased. 4. Microhabitat-scale architecture was also predominant in determining invertebrate density and the identity of the dominant grazer species. In contrast to algal biomass, invertebrate densities and species density increased with the complexity of microhabitat architecture, suggesting that refuges from flow (and possibly predation) were as important to river invertebrates as the distribution of their food source. 5. Riffle-scale architecture had some effect on the colonization of two slow-moving grazer taxa, but, overall, the colonization processes of slow-moving grazers were determined mostly by the complexity of microhabitat-scale architecture. JF - Freshwater Biology AU - Robson, B J AU - Barmuta, LA AD - Department of Zoology and Centre for Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252.05, Hobart 7001, Australia Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 207 EP - 220 VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 0046-5070, 0046-5070 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - Z 05210:Aquatic entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16424339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Freshwater+Biology&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+two+scales+of+habitat+architecture+on+benthic+grazing+in+a+river&rft.au=Robson%2C+B+J%3BBarmuta%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Robson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Freshwater+Biology&rft.issn=00465070&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative analysis of the mating system of the rare woodland shrub Daviesia suaveolens and its common congener D. mimosoides AN - 16420993; 4326917 AB - Controlled pollinations and allozyme markers were used to compare mating system parameters among three populations of the rare woodland shrub Daviesia suaveolens Crisp. and five populations of its common relative D. mimosoides R. Br. Pollination results show that both species require a vector to facilitate pollination and have strong self-incompatibility mechanisms. Multilocus estimates of outcrossing rates confirm this, with all populations being highly outcrossed (D. suaveolens t sub(m) = 0.78-1.0; D. mimosoides t sub(m) = 0.71-0.96). Smaller and less dense D. mimosoides populations had higher correlations of outcrossed paternity than larger ones. The divergence of pollen pool allele frequencies from population frequencies was greater in smaller populations than in larger ones, in keeping with a lower effective size of the male source. Regression analyses generally failed to show effects of either plant size or local flowering environment on estimates of single-plant outcrossing rates. Most variation in these rates probably reflects the combined effects of sampling error, correlated mating and the influence of marker diversity on outcross detectability. JF - Heredity AU - Young, A G AU - Brown, AHD AD - Cent. for Plant Biodiversity Res., CSIRO Plant Ind., GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 374 EP - 381 VL - 80 IS - 3 SN - 0018-067X, 0018-067X KW - mating KW - pollen KW - pollination KW - self-incompatibility KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - D 04637:Legumes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16420993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Heredity&rft.atitle=Comparative+analysis+of+the+mating+system+of+the+rare+woodland+shrub+Daviesia+suaveolens+and+its+common+congener+D.+mimosoides&rft.au=Young%2C+A+G%3BBrown%2C+AHD&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=374&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Heredity&rft.issn=0018067X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Guarding specialisation in pre-reproductive colonies of the allodapine bee Exoneura bicolor AN - 16417248; 4310432 AB - The allodapine bee Exoneura bicolor constructs linear nests in pithy centres of dead plant material. Brood is reared progressively. During winter, nests usually contain one mated female with large ovaries and several subordinate females with small ovaries. The dominant female pheromonally inhibits ovarian enlargement of subordinate females. During the foraging season, dominant females guard the nest, while subordinate females undertake the more risk prone foraging activities. During winter, virtually no foraging occurs. Therefore, guarding might be the most dangerous activity during winter. In this paper we investigate whether the position of females in the nest during winter is related to dominance. Females did not change relative position frequently and the position of females decreased near monotonically with ovary size, with the dominant female closest to the nest entrance. It is concluded that: (1) dominant females do not move about in the nest to ensure spread of their pheromones among nestmates, or to behaviourally inhibit ovarian enlargement of subordinates; (2) dominant females do not force subordinates to guard the nest. Because the guard is probably the female that is most subject to predation during winter, guarding by the dominant should have some payoffs. Potential benefits are: (a) contamination of incoming air with volatile pheromones; (b) preventing intruders from entering the nest; (c) controlling nestmates leaving and entering the nest. The latter may enable females to control food that is brought back into the nest, and to prevent mating by subordinate females. Our results indicate that social structure within these nests is influenced by the linear structure of the nest burrows. JF - Ethology Ecology & Evolution AU - Hogendoorn, K AU - Schwarz, M P AD - School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, S.A. 5001, Australia, Katja.Hogendoorn@flinders.edu.au Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 67 EP - 77 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 0394-9370, 0394-9370 KW - Hymenoptera KW - females KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05208:Social entomology KW - Y 25453:Insects KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16417248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethology+Ecology+%26+Evolution&rft.atitle=Guarding+specialisation+in+pre-reproductive+colonies+of+the+allodapine+bee+Exoneura+bicolor&rft.au=Hogendoorn%2C+K%3BSchwarz%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Hogendoorn&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ethology+Ecology+%26+Evolution&rft.issn=03949370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trunk muscle use during pulling tasks: Effects of a lifting belt and footing conditions AN - 16400396; 4310963 AB - Pulling tasks require the torso to act as a rigid link in order to facilitate the force transmission between the ground and the hands. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a lifting belt increases the rigidity of the torso, thereby increasing pulling strength or reducing trunk muscle forces, or both, as pulling tasks are performed. Twelve volunteers performed maximal and submaximal isometric pulling exertions; the latter were performed on nonslippery and slippery surfaces. Electromyographic data from 8 trunk muscles, trunk kinematic data, and ground reaction forces were sampled during each exertion. Results indicated that the lifting belt had no effect during maximal exertions on the maximal pull forces generated or the muscle recruitment levels, irrespective of the pulling posture. The lifting belt did not affect the EMG data obtained during the submaximal (40% of maximum) exertions, even when participants pulled on a slippery surface. However, the slippery surface increased the coactivation within the trunk musculature, perhaps stiffening the torso in the event of a slip. The absence of a statistical interaction effect between the lifting belt and the footing condition (slipperiness) indicates that the belt did not alter the coactivation pattern and hence was not relied upon by the participants as a protective mechanism. The data presented here will assist those who must make decisions regarding lifting-belt use and those who train individuals in manual materials handling techniques. JF - Human Factors AU - Lavender, SA AU - Chen, Sung-Hsiung AU - Li, Yi-Chun AU - Andersson, GBJ AD - Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, 1653 West Congress Pkwy., Chicago, IL 60612, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 159 EP - 172 VL - 40 IS - 1 SN - 0018-7208, 0018-7208 KW - ergonomics KW - lifting KW - man-machine interactions KW - protective equipment KW - training KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16400396?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Factors&rft.atitle=Trunk+muscle+use+during+pulling+tasks%3A+Effects+of+a+lifting+belt+and+footing+conditions&rft.au=Lavender%2C+SA%3BChen%2C+Sung-Hsiung%3BLi%2C+Yi-Chun%3BAndersson%2C+GBJ&rft.aulast=Lavender&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+Factors&rft.issn=00187208&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of temporary pond microcosms for aquatic toxicity testing: Direct and indirect effects of endosulfan on community structure AN - 16203228; 4276809 AB - Replicate aquatic microcosms can be established using sediment from the basin of dried temporary ponds. When the sediment is flooded with water, the resting stages or eggs of zooplankton, phytoplankton, macrophytes and filamentous algae are activated and a complex community develops in a few weeks. The aim of this study was to test the utility of using temporary pond microcosms for aquatic toxicity testing, by dosing a set of microcosms with the organochlorine pesticide, endosulfan and measuring physical, chemical and biological responses over a period of 10 weeks. A total of 20 3-l microcosms were established and after 6 weeks dosed with endosulfan at 0, 1, 10 or 50 mu g/ l endosulfan. The application was repeated after 3 weeks. The pH, conductivity, dawn and dusk oxygen levels, ammonia, nitrite, orthophosphate, chlorophyll-a, zooplankton and phytoplankton were measured at weekly intervals. After 10 weeks the total composition of each microcosm was determined and endosulfan residues in the macrophytes and sediments measured. The half-life of endosulfan in the water column was approximately 24 h. After 10 weeks, the initial applications of endosulfan, between 6 and 12% of the initial dose could be recovered from the sediment in a toxic form ( alpha or beta endosulfan or endosulfan sulfate). Total mean endosulfan residues were 0.57, 27 and 61 ng/g dry weight in macrophytes and 1.49, 7.0 and 36 ng/g dry weight in the sediments for the 1, 10 and 50 mu g/l treatments, respectively. At 10 and 50 mu g/l endosulfan, populations of ostracods and calanoid copepods were eliminated and the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia sp. significantly reduced. There were significant increases in Simocephalus sp., tardigrades, filamentous algae, chlorophyll-a and macrophytes. Orthophosphate concentrations were correlated with macrophyte biomass and were lower in the treated microcosms. Nitrite levels were also lower in the treated microcosms. There was quantal shift in composition of the animal community between 1 and 10 mu g/l endosulfan which could be visualized using the ordination technique multi-dimensional scaling. The mechanisms underlying this quantal shift in community structure are analyzed and the advantages and limitations of using temporary pond microcosms for toxicity testing are discussed. JF - Aquatic Toxicology AU - Barry, MJ AU - Logan, D C AD - Key Centre for Applied and Nutritional Toxicology, RMIT-University, City Campus, GPO Box 2476V Melbourne 3001, Australia Y1 - 1998/03/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Mar 01 SP - 101 EP - 124 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 41 IS - 1-2 SN - 0166-445X, 0166-445X KW - endosulfan KW - microcosms KW - Toxicology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Chlorophyll KW - Phytoplankton KW - Freshwater KW - Toxicity tests KW - Ponds KW - Testing procedures KW - Microcosms KW - Algae KW - Freshwater pollution KW - Zooplankton KW - Aquatic environment KW - Endosulfan KW - Macrophytes KW - Community composition KW - Community structure KW - Toxicity testing KW - Orthophosphates KW - Pesticides (organochlorine) KW - Toxicity KW - Water pollution KW - Pesticides KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16203228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.atitle=The+use+of+temporary+pond+microcosms+for+aquatic+toxicity+testing%3A+Direct+and+indirect+effects+of+endosulfan+on+community+structure&rft.au=Barry%2C+MJ%3BLogan%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Barry&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.issn=0166445X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zooplankton; Phytoplankton; Toxicity; Toxicity tests; Water pollution; Ponds; Aquatic environment; Macrophytes; Community composition; Pesticides; Microcosms; Freshwater pollution; Algae; Chlorophyll; Pesticides (organochlorine); Endosulfan; Community structure; Toxicity testing; Testing procedures; Orthophosphates; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The U.S. Federal Framework for Research on Endocrine Disruptors and an Analysis of Research Programs Supported During Fiscal Year 1996 AN - 14486846; 10550658 AB - One of the research areas of the President's National Science and Technology Council is endocrine disruptors, with work having begun in 1995 with the establishment of a Working Group on Endocrine Disruptors chaired by EPA and co-chaired by USGS and HHS. The research framework is outlined, including the methods for identifying/characterizing the hazards, model development, measurements, and studies involving immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and reproductive and developmental toxicity. Ecological research is also outlined, as well as the ongoing exposure studies. The largest research effort is currently occurring in human-health research and in model development. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Reiter, Lawrence W AU - DeRosa, Chris AU - Kavlock, Robert J AU - Lucier, George AU - Mac, Michael J AU - Melillo, Jerry AU - Melnick, Ronald L Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 105 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 106 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - NEUROTOXICITY KW - TERATOGENIC AGENTS KW - HORMONAL EFFECTS KW - CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION KW - RISK ASSESSMENT KW - IMMUNOTOXICITY KW - CARCINOGENIC AGENTS KW - RESEARCH KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14486846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+U.S.+Federal+Framework+for+Research+on+Endocrine+Disruptors+and+an+Analysis+of+Research+Programs+Supported+During+Fiscal+Year+1996&rft.au=Reiter%2C+Lawrence+W%3BDeRosa%2C+Chris%3BKavlock%2C+Robert+J%3BLucier%2C+George%3BMac%2C+Michael+J%3BMelillo%2C+Jerry%3BMelnick%2C+Ronald+L&rft.aulast=Reiter&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - IMMUNOTOXICITY; RISK ASSESSMENT; NEUROTOXICITY; TERATOGENIC AGENTS; CARCINOGENIC AGENTS; RESEARCH; HORMONAL EFFECTS; CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dengue Fever Epidemic Potential as Predicted by General Circulation Models of Global Climate Change AN - 14486654; 10550663 AB - Outbreaks in urban areas infected with dengue fever's primary vector, Aedes aegypti, can involve up to 7080% of the population, with no vaccine currently available. The transmission of dengue viruses is influenced by climate, among other factors, with the infectious agents requiring cold-blooded invertebrate species to complete their life cycle. Temperature strongly affects pathogen replication, maturation, and period of infectivity. A scenario-based modeling approach is presented as an important step toward quantifying potential alteration in dengue transmission as a result of climate change. The focus was on the influence of temperature on the dynamics of viral transmission for a given infected mosquito population. Climate-model outputs were applied to the vectorial capacity model of disease transmission using well-validated climate-related parameters previously used in a dengue-transmission simulation model. The outcome parameter was the epidemic potential, which is the reciprocal of the critical-density threshold. Results suggested that epidemic potential increased with a relatively small temperature rise, indicating that fewer mosquitoes would be necessary to maintain or spread dengue in a vulnerable population. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Patz, Jonathan A AU - Martens, Willem JM AU - Focks, Dana A AU - Jetten, Theo H Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 147 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 106 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - EPIDEMICS KW - MATHEMATIC MODELS, WEATHER KW - MOSQUITOES KW - RISK ASSESSMENT KW - GREENHOUSE EFFECT KW - DISEASES AND DISORDERS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14486654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Dengue+Fever+Epidemic+Potential+as+Predicted+by+General+Circulation+Models+of+Global+Climate+Change&rft.au=Patz%2C+Jonathan+A%3BMartens%2C+Willem+JM%3BFocks%2C+Dana+A%3BJetten%2C+Theo+H&rft.aulast=Patz&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 6 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - RISK ASSESSMENT; EPIDEMICS; GREENHOUSE EFFECT; MATHEMATIC MODELS, WEATHER; DISEASES AND DISORDERS; MOSQUITOES ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioavailability and Biotransformation of Benzo(a)pyrene in an Isolated Perfused in Situ Catfish Intestinal Preparation AN - 14486563; 10550664 AB - An in situ isolated perfused catfish intestinal model was used to examine the metabolism and bioavailability of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), with the dosages used based on determinations of relevant biotransformation enzymes in the intestine. Dietary pretreatment involved the CYP1A-inducer, beta -naphthoflavone, to induce the intestine but not the liver. Results showed that the systematic bioavailability of BaP molar equivalents was significantly greater with higher BaP doses and pretreatment with beta -naphthoflavone, but increases in bioavailability could not be accounted for solely by changes in metabolism. Both primary and secondary biotransformation pathways appeared to increase systemic uptake. Conjugates were proportionally favored under low-dose uninduced conditions, while benzo-ring diols were proportionally more important following beta -naphthoflavone pretreatment. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kleinow, Kevin M AU - James, Margaret O AU - Tong, Zeen AU - Venugopalan, Changaram S Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 155 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 106 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - BIOACCUMULATION, FISH KW - ENZYME ACTIVITY KW - CATFISH KW - DOSE RESPONSE PROFILES KW - METABOLIC ACTIVATION KW - BENZO-A-PYRENE KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14486563?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Bioavailability+and+Biotransformation+of+Benzo%28a%29pyrene+in+an+Isolated+Perfused+in+Situ+Catfish+Intestinal+Preparation&rft.au=Kleinow%2C+Kevin+M%3BJames%2C+Margaret+O%3BTong%2C+Zeen%3BVenugopalan%2C+Changaram+S&rft.aulast=Kleinow&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 2 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - BIOACCUMULATION, FISH; DOSE RESPONSE PROFILES; ENZYME ACTIVITY; METABOLIC ACTIVATION; BENZO-A-PYRENE; CATFISH ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pulmonary Toxicity in Hamsters of Smoke Particles from Kuwaiti Oil Fires AN - 14486530; 10550662 AB - Samples of particulate air pollution were collected in the town of Ahmadi, Kuwait, which is located downwind from the oil fires that occurred during the Gulf War, and hamsters were instilled intratracheally with the particulate samples to assess their relative pulmonary toxicity. The bioassay protocol is outlined. Results indicated that the smoke particles were toxic, causing an inflammatory response comparable to that observed in animals instilled with the positive control. Within 1 d, there was an increase in the number of neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage, as well as elevated myeloperoxidase activity. The fire particles were also found to be genotoxic, increasing sister chromatid exchanges. The overall results suggested that the acute toxicity of the smoke particles was comparable to that of urban particles, possibly contributing to both acute and chronic cardiopulmonary disease and death. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Brain, Joseph D AU - Long, Nancy C AU - Wolfthal, Susan F AU - Dumyahn, Thomas AU - Dockery, Douglas W Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 141 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 106 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - SMOKE KW - BIOASSAY KW - PARTICULATES KW - KUWAIT KW - PULMONARY EFFECTS KW - PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES, ANIMAL KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14486530?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Pulmonary+Toxicity+in+Hamsters+of+Smoke+Particles+from+Kuwaiti+Oil+Fires&rft.au=Brain%2C+Joseph+D%3BLong%2C+Nancy+C%3BWolfthal%2C+Susan+F%3BDumyahn%2C+Thomas%3BDockery%2C+Douglas+W&rft.aulast=Brain&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 6 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - KUWAIT; SMOKE; BIOASSAY; PULMONARY EFFECTS; PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES, ANIMAL; PARTICULATES ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urban Particle-Induced Apoptosis and Phenotype Shifts in Human Alveolar Macrophages AN - 14485973; 10550660 AB - Freshly isolated human alveolar macrophages were incubated with well-characterized urban particles, negative-control Mount Saint Helen's ash, and residual-oil flyash, and the macrophages were examined subsequently for cell viability by trypan blue exclusion and for apoptosis by morphology, cell death, and DNA ladder formation. Results showed that residual-oil flyash and two types of urban particles induced apoptosis and induced shifts in the alveolar macrophage phenotypes to a more immune-stimulatory state. The Mount Saint Helen's ash caused no adverse effects. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Holian, Andrij AU - Hamilton, Raymond F AU - Morandi, Maria T AU - Brown, Steven D AU - Li, Li Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 127 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 106 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - FLYASH KW - PULMONARY DISORDERS KW - URBAN ATMOSPHERE KW - PARTICULATES KW - IMMUNE RESPONSE KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14485973?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Urban+Particle-Induced+Apoptosis+and+Phenotype+Shifts+in+Human+Alveolar+Macrophages&rft.au=Holian%2C+Andrij%3BHamilton%2C+Raymond+F%3BMorandi%2C+Maria+T%3BBrown%2C+Steven+D%3BLi%2C+Li&rft.aulast=Holian&rft.aufirst=Andrij&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 4 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - FLYASH; PULMONARY DISORDERS; PARTICULATES; URBAN ATMOSPHERE; IMMUNE RESPONSE ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cows for Fear: Is BSE a Threat to Human Health? AN - 14485883; 10550657 AB - Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or mad cow disease, caused a major fear among consumers of beef in the UK in 1996. In 1997, the European Union banned orally ingestible medicines that contain animal by-products, which covers approximately 80% of such medicines. The reason cited was the appearance among humans of a new variant of the rare but serious CreutzfeldtJakob disease (CJD). Results of recent studies suggest that variant CJD and certain types of spongiform encephalopathy are transmissible among animal species. The origins of BSE are examined, and some possible alternative causes of spongiform encephalopathy are identified and discussed, including the possibility of an autoimmune disease, an elusive virus, and spiroplasma. Efforts to find the disease agent are described. It is suggested that the transmission of spongiform encephalopathy from food to humans has probably occurred and that the implicated cattle tissue should be disposed of according to the strictest protocols for infectious waste. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Josephson, Julian Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 106 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - CATTLE KW - DISEASES AND DISORDERS KW - PUBLIC HEALTH KW - FOOD CONTAMINATION KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14485883?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Cows+for+Fear%3A+Is+BSE+a+Threat+to+Human+Health%3F&rft.au=Josephson%2C+Julian&rft.aulast=Josephson&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 5 |t photos N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - CATTLE; DISEASES AND DISORDERS; PUBLIC HEALTH; FOOD CONTAMINATION ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Site-Specific Data Confirm Arsenic Exposure Predicted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency AN - 14485500; 10550661 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Walker, Susan AU - Griffin, Susan Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 133 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 106 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - ARSENIC KW - EPA, FEDERAL KW - SUPERFUND SITES KW - MATHEMATIC MODELS, BIOLOGICAL KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14485500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Site-Specific+Data+Confirm+Arsenic+Exposure+Predicted+by+the+U.S.+Environmental+Protection+Agency&rft.au=Walker%2C+Susan%3BGriffin%2C+Susan&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ARSENIC; EPA, FEDERAL; SUPERFUND SITES; MATHEMATIC MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Estrogenicity of Bisphenol A-Related Diphenylalkanes with Various Substituents at the Central Carbon and the Hydroxy Groups AN - 14485488; 10550665 AB - Diphenylalkanes are among the leading chemicals in plastics, with bisphenol A a primary raw material. Results are presented from a study in which bisphenol A-derived compounds with substitution of the hydroxy groups and the central carbon atom were analyzed in terms of their estrogenic potential. The MCF7 breast cancer cell line was used. Results showed that bisphenol F, bisphenol AF, and other diphenylalkanes were estrogenic in MCF7 cells, promoting cell proliferation and increasing the synthesis and secretion of cell-type specific proteins. The most active molecule was that with two propyl chains at the central carbon. The data further suggested that not only the distance between para-hydroxy groups but also the nature of the bridging carbon substituents may determine estrogenicity. The estrogenicity of bisphenol polymers may be due to their nonpolymerized monomers or by chemical degradation. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Perez, Pilar AU - Pulgar, Rosa AU - Olea-Serrano, Fatima AU - Villalobos, Mercedes AU - Rivas, Ana AU - Metzler, Manfred AU - Pedraza, Vicente Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 167 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 106 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - PLASTICS KW - CARCINOGENIC AGENTS KW - HORMONAL EFFECTS KW - BIOASSAY KW - CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14485488?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+Estrogenicity+of+Bisphenol+A-Related+Diphenylalkanes+with+Various+Substituents+at+the+Central+Carbon+and+the+Hydroxy+Groups&rft.au=Perez%2C+Pilar%3BPulgar%2C+Rosa%3BOlea-Serrano%2C+Fatima%3BVillalobos%2C+Mercedes%3BRivas%2C+Ana%3BMetzler%2C+Manfred%3BPedraza%2C+Vicente&rft.aulast=Perez&rft.aufirst=Pilar&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 10 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - PLASTICS; CARCINOGENIC AGENTS; HORMONAL EFFECTS; BIOASSAY; CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential Health Effects of Gasoline and Its Constituents: A Review of Current Literature (19901997) on Toxicological Data AN - 14485476; 10550659 AB - Experimental and epidemiological toxicological studies that have been published over the period 199097, which have addressed leaded and unleaded gasolines, as well as their components or additives, are reviewed. Results are presented from experimental animal studies and human and epidemiological studies, and data are presented on the incidence of renal and liver tumors, and the toxicity of organic compounds of Pb, ethanol, methanol, methyl tertiary butyl ether, tertiary butyl alcohol, tertiary amyl methyl ether, ethyl tertiary butyl ether, ethylene dibromide, ethylene dichloride, benzene, and alkylbenzenes. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Caprino, Luciano AU - Togna, Giuseppina I Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 115 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 106 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - GASOLINE KW - GASOLINE ANALYSIS KW - FUEL ADDITIVES KW - OXYGENATION KW - CARCINOGENIC AGENTS KW - LITERATURE SURVEYS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14485476?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=McDonald%2C+N&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=0730852148&rft.btitle=South+Australia%27s+blue+crab+fishery+the+process+of+recognition&rft.title=South+Australia%27s+blue+crab+fishery+the+process+of+recognition&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 233 |t References N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - OXYGENATION; GASOLINE; CARCINOGENIC AGENTS; GASOLINE ANALYSIS; FUEL ADDITIVES; LITERATURE SURVEYS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Confirmation of ray blight disease of pyrethrum in Australia AN - 1020857541; 16786341 AB - Isolations from affected plant parts of pyrethrum exhibiting flower bud abortion and necrotic symptoms consistently yielded a Phoma sp., identified as the anamorph of Didpella ligulicola, the causal agent of ray blight of chrysanthemum. Pathogenicity of both mycelial and conidial inoculum of the isolated fungus to pyrethrum was proven. Infection of stem pieces occurred by direct penetration of the fungal hyphae with invasion being both inter- and intracellular. Infection was associated with red pigmentation and cytoplasmic crystalline inclusions of host tissues. This is the first confirmed record of this disease of pyrethrum in Australia. JF - Australasian Plant Pathology AU - Pethybridge, S J AU - Wilson, C R AD - Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research, School of Agricultural Science, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-54, 7001, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, Calum.Wilson@utas.edu.au Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 45 EP - 48 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0156-0972, 0156-0972 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Abortion KW - Blight KW - Chrysanthemum KW - A 01360:Plant Diseases KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1020857541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australasian+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Confirmation+of+ray+blight+disease+of+pyrethrum+in+Australia&rft.au=Pethybridge%2C+S+J%3BWilson%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Pethybridge&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australasian+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=01560972&rft_id=info:doi/10.1071%2FAP98004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Blight; Chrysanthemum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/AP98004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Construction of a umuC'-luxAB plasmid for the detection of mutagenic DNA repair via luminescence AN - 16204290; 4277292 AB - This paper describes a novel system for the detection of mutagenic DNA repair in Escherichia coli . The DNA damage inducible umuC gene of Escherichia coli has been fused to the luxAB genes from Vibrio harveyi that encode the enzyme luciferase. Mutagenicity has been assessed semi-quantitatively by the induction of bioluminescence. This system is simple, rapid and equivalent in sensitivity to other currently available test procedures. Its use in the detection of known SOS mutagens MMS, MNNG and UV is described. JF - Mutation Research AU - Justus, T AU - Thomas, S M AD - School of Biological Sciences, The Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia Y1 - 1998/02/26/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Feb 26 SP - 131 EP - 142 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 398 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - alkanal monooxygenase (FMN-linked) KW - luciferase KW - luminescence KW - luxA gene KW - luxAB gene KW - luxB gene KW - umuC gene KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07220:General theory/testing systems KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16204290?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research&rft.atitle=Construction+of+a+umuC%27-luxAB+plasmid+for+the+detection+of+mutagenic+DNA+repair+via+luminescence&rft.au=Justus%2C+T%3BThomas%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Justus&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-02-26&rft.volume=398&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - MOCA and some proposed substitutes (Cyanacure, Conacure, Polacure 740M and Ethacure 300) as two-stage skin carcinogens in HRA/Skh hairless mice AN - 16203931; 4277290 AB - 4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chlororaniline) (MOCA) is a suspect human carcinogen that has wide use as an industrial compound. Occupationally, exposure may occur through inhalation and ingestion, but skin absorption is the main route by which this compound gains entry into the body. Because of the justified concern about the continued use of MOCA, a number of substitutes have been proposed, including 1,2-bis(2-aminophenylthio)ethane (Cyanacure), Conacure, trimethylene glycol di-p -aminobenzoate (Polacure 740M) and 3,5-dimethylthio-2,4-toluenediamine /3,5-dimethylthio-2,6-toluenediamine (Ethacure 300). There is very little information available about these substances, but they share the property of belonging to the same class (aromatic amines) as MOCA. Furthermore, at least two (Ethacure 300 and Cyanacure) are mutagenic in Salmonella . This study was undertaken to investigate if MOCA and substitutes, Polacure 740M, Ethacure 300, Cyanacure and Conacure have the potential to cause papillomas in a two stage initiation/promotion protocol in HRA/Skh hairless mice. When a maximum dose of 100 mg of substance was applied to the dorsal skin of these mice, Ethacure 300 and Cyanacure were markedly toxic. All of the compounds had little or no effect on skin tumor initiating activity following 12-O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) promotion. One experiment with MOCA suggested that, at lower and less toxic dose, this substance may have promotional activity. Therefore, caution should still be exercised when using these compounds and it cannot be excluded that they may be active in other strains of mice or other laboratory animal species. JF - Mutation Research AU - Rozinova, E AU - Khalil, M AU - Bonin, A M AD - National Institute of Occupational Health and Safety (Worksafe Australia) G.P.O. Box 58, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia Y1 - 1998/02/26/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Feb 26 SP - 111 EP - 121 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 398 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - 1,2-Bis(2-aminophenylthio)ethane KW - 3,5-Dimethylthio-2,4-toluenediamine KW - 3,5-Dimethylthio-2,6-toluenediamine KW - 4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chlororaniline) KW - Conacure KW - Cyanacure KW - Ethacure 300 KW - Polacure 740M KW - mice KW - papilloma KW - trimethylene glycol di(p)aminobenzoate KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16203931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Maximum+axial+growth+pressures+of+the+lateral+roots+of+pea+and+eucalypt&rft.au=Misra%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Misra&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=188&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1004257516696 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Non-School Hours: Mobilizing School and Community Resources. Hearing on Examining Certain Initiatives To Mobilize School and Community Resources To Provide Quality Programs To Address the Needs of Students during Non-School Hours, Including the Administration's Proposed Expansion of the 21st Century Community Learning Centers Program Designed To Provide Funds to School-Community Partnerships To Start Up or Expand After-School, Extended Learning Programs for Schoolage Children of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, Second Session. AN - 62442957; ED424682 AB - This hearing explored ways in which to meet children's and families' needs during nonschool hours. It examined the nature of those needs, the barriers that various segments of the community face, how the Federal Government can help build coordinated school and community networks, and how to make nonschool hours safe for children. Testimony was provided by Gerald Tirozzi, assistant secretary for elementary and secondary education, U.S. Department of Education; Shepherd Smith, president of Institute for Youth Development; Brad Luck, high school student and president of the Essex Vermont Teen Center; Sue Luck, associate executive director of the greater Burlington YMCA; Senator Patty Murray; Arthur Sheninger, principal of Hatchery Hill School; Linda Childears, president of Young Americans Bank; and Thomas Frazier, commissioner of the Baltimore police department. Some of the issues discussed include starting school later in the day, supporting communities' youth initiatives, liability issues, and other concerns. (RJM) Y1 - 1998/02/25/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Feb 25 SP - 80 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160565766 KW - Congress 105th KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Descriptions KW - School Community Relationship KW - Outreach Programs KW - At Risk Persons KW - After School Programs KW - Hearings KW - Intervention KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Youth Problems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62442957?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Teacher Preparation Initiatives. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Youth and Families of the Committee on Education and the Workforce. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, Second Session. AN - 62365297; ED437346 AB - This hearing focused on the subject of teacher recruitment and preparation. The hearing began with opening statements by several Congressmen (the Honorable Frank Riggs, Matthew Martinez, William Gooding, George Miller, and Robert Scott). Following the opening statements were statements by the Honorable Eugene Hickock, Secretary of Education, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania; Mr. E.D. Hirsh, Jr., President, Core Knowledge Foundation, Charlottesville, VA; Dr. Eric Hanushek, Director, W. Allen Wallis Institute of Political Economy, University of Rochester, NY; Dr. Richard Ingersoll, Professor of Sociology, University of Georgia, Athens; Ms. C. Emily Feistritzer, President, National Center for Educational Information, Washington, DC; Dr. Dale Ballou, Professor of Economics, University of Massachusetts, MA; Ms. Kati Haycock, President, the Education Trust, Inc., Washington, DC.; Mr. Paul F. Steidler, Director, Alexis de Toqueville Institution, Arlington, VA; and Mr. Barnett Berry, Associate Director for Policy and State Relations, National Commission on Teaching and America's Future, Columbia, SC. Statements and written testimony are appended. The appendixes also include two reports by the National Commission on Teaching and America's Future: (1) "What Matters Most: Teaching for America's Future"; and (2) "Doing What Matters Most: Investing in Quality Teaching." (SM) Y1 - 1998/02/24/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Feb 24 SP - 481 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160578302 KW - Congress 105th KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Teacher Improvement KW - Preservice Teacher Education KW - Academic Achievement KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Higher Education KW - Teacher Shortage KW - Teaching Skills KW - Inservice Teacher Education KW - Public Education KW - Hearings KW - Teacher Recruitment KW - Teacher Qualifications KW - Faculty Development KW - Class Size KW - Educational Quality KW - Academic Standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62365297?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Caring for America's Children--A Congressional Symposium on Child Care and Parenting. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Children and Families of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, Second Session. AN - 62448939; ED422069 AB - These hearings transcripts present testimony regarding child care before the Senate's Subcommittee on Children and Families. The hearings attempted to answer three questions before action is taken by Congress concerning the care of the nation's children: (1) what is best for children?; (2) what do families really want?; and (3) what truly effective steps can be taken to enable families to provide the best care they can get for their children? Oral and written statements were offered by: (1) Indiana Senator Dan Coats; (2) Diane G. Fisher, a psychologist and policy consultant from the Independent Women's Forum; (3) Dr. Stanley Greensban, a child psychologist; (4) Jay Belsky, a professor of human development and family studies; (5) Dr. Armand Nicholi, a clinician and researcher from Harvard Medical School; (6) Ellen Gallinsky, a representative from the Family and Work Institute; (7) Darcy Olgen, a representative of The Cato Institute; (8) Danielle Crittenden, a representative from The Woman's Quarterly; and (9) Anita Blair, a representative of the Independent Women's Institute. (EV) Y1 - 1998/02/23/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Feb 23 SP - 99 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160565138 KW - Child Care Costs KW - Child Care Legislation KW - Child Care Needs KW - Congress 105th KW - Day Care Quality KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Day Care Effects KW - Family Needs KW - Government Role KW - Day Care KW - Hearings KW - Early Childhood Education KW - Public Policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62448939?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Bilingual Education Reform. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Youth and Families of the Committee on Education and the Workforce. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, Second Session (San Diego, CA, February 18, 1998). AN - 62374717; ED436974 AB - The purpose of this hearing was to obtain the input of California citizens on federal legislation similar to 1998's California Bilingual Education ballot initiative. Present were Representatives Frank Riggs (chair), Bobby Scott, Randy Cunningham, Bob Filner, and Brian Bilbray. Offering testimony generally in support of bilingual education, or at least the option of it, were Dr. Eugene Garcia, Dean of the Graduate School of Education at the University of California at Berkeley; and Celia Ruiz, an attorney representing four California school districts. Dr. Garcia based his support for bilingual education on the conclusions of a number of government and academic studies showing overall positive effects of bilingual education. Ms. Ruiz focused her testimony not on the merits or drawbacks of bilingual education but on a defense of the legal process that federal law has created to allow school districts to choose from a range of educational options, from English immersion to long-term bilingual education programs. Cathy Liska, a teacher from Anaheim, California, and George S. Louie, a parent of a child placed in a bilingual education setting from Oakland, California, spoke against bilingual education. Mr. Louie's child had very negative experiences. Ms. Liska's experience as an elementary school teacher with first-hand classroom experience of bilingual education has convinced her it does not serve limited-English-speaking students well and should be ended. (KFT) Y1 - 1998/02/18/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Feb 18 SP - 118 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160577306 KW - California KW - Congress 105th KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Instructional Effectiveness KW - Politics of Education KW - Bilingual Education KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Second Language Learning KW - English (Second Language) KW - Bilingual Education Programs KW - Second Language Instruction KW - Second Language Programs KW - Hearings KW - Limited English Speaking KW - Language of Instruction UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62374717?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficient cloning of cDNA from grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4 and demonstration of probe specificity by the viral antibody AN - 16202912; 4277244 AB - Using a random-PCR method, a cDNA clone (LR4) was constructed from the replicative form dsRNA of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4 (GLRaV-4). Northern blot analysis showed hybridization of LR4 to dsRNA in an extract of a Thompson Seedless grapevine clone from which GLRaV-4 was isolated originally by Hu et al. (1990). The cDNA clone was sequenced and shown to be specific to GLRaV-4 by reverse-transcription-PCR using GLRaV-4 particles enriched by the virus antibody coupled to magnetic beads. Reverse-transcription-PCR was used successfully to screen different varieties of grapevines for the virus. Western blot analysis of GLRaV-4 extracts from different varieties of infected grapevines revealed two distinct species of capsid protein with estimated Mr of either 35500 or 38000 depending on the variety used. Both proteins reacted with polyclonal as well as monoclonal antibodies. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Fazeli, C F AU - Habili, N AU - Rezaian, MA AD - Cooperative Research Center for Viticulture and CSIRO Plant Industry, Adelaide Laboratory, GPO Box 350 Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia Y1 - 1998/02/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Feb 15 SP - 201 EP - 211 PB - Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. VL - 70 IS - 2 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - cloning KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16202912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=Efficient+cloning+of+cDNA+from+grapevine+leafroll-associated+virus+4+and+demonstration+of+probe+specificity+by+the+viral+antibody&rft.au=Fazeli%2C+C+F%3BHabili%2C+N%3BRezaian%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Fazeli&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-02-15&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Reauthorization of the Education of the Deaf Act. Hearing of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources on Examining Proposed Legislation Authorizing Funds for Gallaudet University and the National Technical Institute for Deaf as Contained in the Education of the Deaf Act. United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, Second Session. AN - 62449422; ED429380 AB - This transcript reports on a Senate hearing concerning the reauthorization of the Education of the Deaf Act. As well as statements by committee members, the transcript presents statements by and answers to questions of the following: students at Gallaudet University (Washington, DC), students at the National Technical Institute for the Deaf (New York), Jordan I. King, president of Gallaudet University; Robert R. DaVila, vice president of National Technical Institute for the Deaf; Judith Heumann, Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, Department of Education; Carol Cichowski, Director, Special Education, Rehabilitation and Research Analysis Division, Department of Education; Ramone Rodriguez, Liaison Office for Special Institutions, Department of Education; Sarah E. Snyder, Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf; and Nancy J. Bloch, President, National Association for the Deaf. Additional material includes a chart showing placements of Gallaudet graduates and responses to questions asked by Senators James Jeffords and Tom Harkin. (DB) Y1 - 1998/02/12/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Feb 12 SP - 61 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160563658 KW - Congress 105th KW - Education of the Deaf Act 1986 KW - National Association of the Deaf KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Deafness KW - Special Education KW - Federal Legislation KW - Federal Aid KW - Educational Legislation KW - Hearings KW - Elementary Secondary Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62449422?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The conduction pore of a cardiac potassium channel AN - 787350407; 13760373 AB - Ion channels form transmembrane water-filled pores that allow ions to cross membranes in a rapid and selective fashion. The amino acid residues that line these pores have been sought to reveal the mechanisms of ion conduction and selectivity. The pore (P) loop is a stretch of residues that influences single-channel-current amplitude, selectivity among ions and open-channel blockade,, and is conserved in potassium-channel subunits previously recognized to contribute to pore formation,. To date, potassium-channel pores have been shown to form by symmetrical alignment of four P loops around a central conduction pathway. Here we show that the selectivity-determining pore region of the voltage-gated potassium channel of human heart through which the I sub(Ks) current passes includes the transmembrane segment of the non-P-loop protein minK. Two adjacent residues in this segment of minK are exposed in the pore on either side of a short barrier that restricts the movement of sodium, cadmium and zinc ions across the membrane. Thus, potassium-selective pores are not restricted to P loops or a strict P-loop geometry. JF - Nature AU - Tai, Kwok-Keung AU - Goldstein, Steve AN AD - Section of Developmental Biology and Biophysics, Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USA PY - 1998 SP - 605 EP - 608 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building London N1 9XW UK VL - 391 IS - 6667 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Ions KW - Membranes KW - Barriers KW - Mink KW - Heavy metals KW - Potassium KW - Sodium KW - Channels KW - Pores KW - Cadmium KW - Conduction KW - Selectivity KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - Q2 09161:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/787350407?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=The+conduction+pore+of+a+cardiac+potassium+channel&rft.au=Tai%2C+Kwok-Keung%3BGoldstein%2C+Steve+AN&rft.aulast=Tai&rft.aufirst=Kwok-Keung&rft.date=1998-02-05&rft.volume=391&rft.issue=6667&rft.spage=605&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2F35416 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-23 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Channels; Barriers; Heavy metals; Potassium; Cadmium; Sodium; Ions; Pores; Membranes; Mink; Conduction; Selectivity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35416 ER - TY - GEN T1 - [Mapiripán Massacre] AN - 1679086354; CD01242 AB - Requests any known information about massacre at Mapiripán and about which Colombian military units are under investigation for human rights abuses. AU - United States. Congress. Senate AD - United States. Congress. Senate PY - 1998 SP - 2 KW - Albright, Madeleine K. KW - Congressional relations KW - Mapiripán Massacre (1997) KW - Massacres KW - Miraflores (Colombia) KW - Paramilitary forces KW - Larkin, Barbara KW - Larkin, Barbara UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1679086354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Adnsa_cd&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=%5BMapirip%C3%A1n+Massacre%5D&rft.au=United+States.+Congress.+Senate&rft.aulast=United+States.+Congress.+Senate&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-02-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Digital National Security Archive N1 - Analyte descriptor - NSA document type: Letter N1 - People - Larkin, Barbara N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-16 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Helping Your Students with Homework: A Guide for Teachers. AN - 62543011; ED416037 AB - This guide for elementary and secondary teachers discusses 18 tips for creating meaningful homework assignments that students will complete. Following introductory sections that explore hurdles to homework, the guide details the following tips: (1) lay out expectations early in the school year; (2) create assignments with a purpose; (3) make sure students understand the purpose; (4) make assignments focused and clear; (5) create assignments that challenge students to think and to integrate; (6) vary assignments; (7) give homework that makes learning personal; (8) tie assignments to the present; (9) match assignments to the skills, interests, and needs of students; (10) use school and community resources; (11) match assignments to your style of teaching; (12) assign an appropriate amount of homework; (13) encourage and teach good study habits; (14) provide constructive feedback; (15) give praise and motivate; (16) give help as needed; (17) communicate with parents; and (18) show respect for students. Contains 18 references and 20 print and Internet resources. (KB) AU - Paulu, Nancy AU - Darby, Linda B. Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 52 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160494362 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Teacher Expectations of Students KW - School Community Relationship KW - Teacher Student Relationship KW - Parent Teacher Cooperation KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Student Interests KW - Parent School Relationship KW - Homework KW - Student Needs KW - Teaching Guides KW - Student Responsibility KW - Assignments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62543011?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Illustrated by Margaret Scott. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Public School Districts in the United States: A Statistical Profile, 1987-88 to 1993-94. Statistical Analysis Report. AN - 62540021; ED416588 AB - The publicly available statistical information on U.S. public school districts to date has been limited to certain demographic characteristics of districts, student enrollment and racial composition, and the numbers of teachers. To enlarge this fund of knowledge, information on the variety of attributes, policies, and practices of public school districts in the United States is presented here. The report draws on data from a nationally representative survey of schools, teachers, principals, and public school districts. The topics covered here include geographic and demographic characteristics, the number and racial composition of students and teachers, the number and qualification of new hires, hiring criteria, teacher demand, and district efforts to recruit and retain teachers, teacher compensation and incentives, programs and services provided by the district, district graduation requirements, and other student policies. Within each of these topic areas, school districts are compared across three demographic and two geographic characteristics in the hope that local educators and policymakers can use the information to compare the situation in their school districts with similar types of districts nationally. The report does not assume any statistical expertise on the part of its readers and graphs are used extensively in each chapter to explicate the findings. A highlight of the survey's findings are presented at the front of the report. (RJM) AU - Levine, Roger AU - Christenson, Bruce Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 271 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160494206 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - School Demography KW - Educational Administration KW - School Districts KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Geographic Regions KW - National Surveys KW - School Statistics KW - Public Schools KW - Profiles KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Public Education KW - Educational Assessment KW - Tables (Data) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62540021?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Education and Social Service Occupations and Clergy. Bulletin 2500-6. AN - 62440170; ED421653 AB - This bulletin provides information on the occupational outlook for education and social service occupations and clergy. For each occupation, these components are described: occupation title(s); Dictionary of Occupational Titles numbers; significant points; nature of the work; working conditions; employment; training, other qualifications, and advancement; job outlook; earnings; related occupations; and sources of additional information. These occupations are addressed in alphabetical order: adult education teachers; archivists and curators; college and university faculty; counselors; education administrators; librarians; library technicians; preschool teachers and child-care workers; recreation workers; school teachers--kindergarten, elementary, and secondary; social and human service assistants; social workers; special education teachers; teacher aides; and clergy, including Protestant ministers, rabbis, and Roman Catholic priests. (YLB) Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 41 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. ($3.50). SN - 0160493560 KW - Archivists KW - Curators KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Special Education Teachers KW - Hospitality Occupations KW - Librarians KW - Salaries KW - Educational Administration KW - Child Caregivers KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Higher Education KW - Elementary School Teachers KW - Secondary School Teachers KW - Employment Qualifications KW - Occupational Information KW - Teacher Aides KW - Adult Educators KW - Clergy KW - Career Education KW - Teachers KW - Work Environment KW - Clerical Occupations KW - Preschool Teachers KW - Administrators KW - Social Workers KW - Counselors KW - Employment Opportunities KW - Teacher Education KW - Library Education KW - Secondary Education KW - College Faculty KW - Library Technicians KW - Human Services KW - Recreation KW - Social Services KW - Wages KW - Labor Market KW - Occupations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62440170?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Reprinted from the Occupational Outlook Handbook, N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological effects of low-level exposures: a perspective from U.S. EPA scientists. AN - 21272640; 11702146 AB - Biological effects of low-level exposures (BELLE) may be very important in characterizing the potential health risks of environmental pollutants. Before some features of BELLE, such as effects that may be modulated by adaptive or defense mechanisms, can be taken into greater consideration in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency risk assessments, however adequate information on a toxicant's mode of action and answers to other questions are needed. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Davis, J M AU - Farland, W H AD - National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA., davis.jmichael@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 379 EP - 381 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 106 IS - Suppl 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - EPA KW - USA KW - biological effects KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - R2 23050:Environment KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21272640?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Biological+effects+of+low-level+exposures%3A+a+perspective+from+U.S.+EPA+scientists.&rft.au=Davis%2C+J+M%3BFarland%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=Suppl+1&rft.spage=379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; EPA; biological effects; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonlinearity of radiation health effects. AN - 21268019; 11703724 AB - The prime concern of radiation protection policy since 1959 has been to protect DNA from damage. In 1994 the United Nations Scientific Community on the Effects of Atomic Radiation focused on biosystem response to radiation with its report Adaptive Responses to Radiation of Cells and Organisms. The 1995 National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements report Principles and Application of Collective Dose in Radiation Protection states that because no human data provides direct support for the linear nonthreshold hypothesis (LNT), confidence in LNT is based on the biophysical concept that the passage of a single charged particle could cause damage to DNA that would result in cancer. Several statistically significant epidemiologic studies contradict the validity of this concept by showing risk decrements, i.e., hormesis, of cancer mortality and mortality from all causes in populations exposed to low-dose radiation. Unrepaired low-dose radiation damage to DNA is negligible compared to metabolic damage. The DNA damage-control biosystem is physiologically operative on both metabolic and radiation damage and effected predominantly by free radicals. The DNA damage-control biosystem is suppressed by high dose and stimulated by low-dose radiation. The hormetic effect of low-dose radiation may be explained by its increase of biosystem efficiency. Improved DNA damage control reduces persistent mis- or unrepaired DNA damage i.e., the number of mutations that accumulate during a lifetime. This progressive accumulation of gene mutations in stem cells is associated with decreasing DNA damage control, aging, and malignancy. Recognition of the positive health effects produced by adaptive responses to low-dose radiation would result in a realistic assessment of the environmental risk of radiation. Images Figure 1 Figure 3 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 8 Figure 10 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Pollycove, M AD - U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Rockville, MD 20852, USA, mxp@nrc.gov Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 363 EP - 368 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 106 IS - Suppl 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Efficiency KW - stem cells KW - councils KW - Physiology KW - DNA KW - United Nations KW - Particulates KW - Mutation KW - Cancer KW - aging KW - ENA 13:Population Planning & Control KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21268019?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Nonlinearity+of+radiation+health+effects.&rft.au=Pollycove%2C+M&rft.aulast=Pollycove&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=Suppl+1&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Efficiency; stem cells; Physiology; councils; DNA; Particulates; United Nations; Mutation; Cancer; aging ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hormesis as a biological hypothesis. AN - 21263493; 11703723 AB - A comprehensive effort was undertaken to identify articles demonstrating chemical hormesis. Nearly 4000 potentially relevant articles were retrieved from preliminary computer database searches by using various key word descriptors and extensive cross-referencing. A priori evaluation criteria were established including study design features (e.g., number of doses, dose range), statistical analysis, and reproducibility of results. Evidence of chemical hormesis was judged to have occurred in approximately 350 of the 4000 studies evaluated. Chemical hormesis was observed in a wide range of taxonomic groups and involved agents representing highly diverse chemical classes, many of potential environmental relevance. Numerous biological end points were assessed; growth responses were the most prevalent, followed by metabolic effects, longevity, reproductive responses, and survival. Hormetic responses were generally observed to be of limited magnitude. The average low-dose maximum stimulation was approximately 50% greater than controls. The hormetic dose-response range was generally limited to about one order of magnitude, with the upper end of the hormetic curve approaching the estimated no observable effect level for the particular end point. Based on the evaluation criteria, high to moderate evidence of hormesis was observed in studies comprised of > 6 doses; with > 3 doses in the hormetic zone. The present analysis suggests that chemical hormesis is a reproducible and relatively common biological phenomenon. A quantitative scheme is presented for future application to the database. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Calabrese, E J AU - Baldwin, L A AD - Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA, edwardc@schoolph.umass.edu Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 357 EP - 362 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 106 IS - Suppl 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Dose-response effects KW - taxonomy KW - longevity KW - survival KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21263493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Hormesis+as+a+biological+hypothesis.&rft.au=Calabrese%2C+E+J%3BBaldwin%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Calabrese&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=Suppl+1&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dose-response effects; taxonomy; survival; longevity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro techniques for the assessment of neurotoxicity. AN - 21262698; 11702142 AB - Risk assessment is a process often divided into the following steps: a) hazard identification, b) dose-response assessment, c) exposure assessment, and d) risk characterization. Regulatory toxicity studies usually are aimed at providing data for the first two steps. Human case reports, environmental research, and in vitro studies may also be used to identify or to further characterize a toxic hazard. In this report the strengths and limitations of in vitro techniques are discussed in light of their usefulness to identify neurotoxic hazards, as well as for the subsequent dose-response assessment. Because of the complexity of the nervous system, multiple functions of individual cells, and our limited knowledge of biochemical processes involved in neurotoxicity, it is not known how well any in vitro system would recapitulate the in vivo system. Thus, it would be difficult to design an in vitro test battery to replace in vivo test systems. In vitro systems are well suited to the study of biological processes in a more isolated context and have been most successfully used to elucidate mechanisms of toxicity, identify target cells of neurotoxicity, and delineate the development and intricate cellular changes induced by neurotoxicants. Both biochemical and morphological end points can be used, but many of the end points used can be altered by pharmacological actions as well as toxicity. Therefore, for many of these end points it is difficult or impossible to set a criterion that allows one to differentiate between a pharmacological and a neurotoxic effect. For the process of risk assessment such a discrimination is central. Therefore, end points used to determine potential neurotoxicity of a compound have to be carefully selected and evaluated with respect to their potential to discriminate between an adverse neurotoxic effect and a pharmacologic effect. It is obvious that for in vitro neurotoxicity studies the primary end points that can be used are those affected through specific mechanisms of neurotoxicity. For example, in vitro systems may be useful for certain structurally defined compounds and mechanisms of toxicity, such as organophosphorus compounds and delayed neuropathy, for which target cells and the biochemical processes involved in the neurotoxicity are well known. For other compounds and the different types of neurotoxicity, a mechanism of toxicity needs to be identified first. Once identified, by either in vivo or in vitro methods, a system can be developed to detect and to evaluate predictive ability for the type of in vivo neurotoxicity produced. Therefore, in vitro tests have their greatest potential in providing information on basic mechanistic processes in order to refine specific experimental questions to be addressed in the whole animal. Images Figure 1 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Harry, G J AU - Billingsley, M AU - Bruinink, A AU - Campbell, I L AU - Classen, W AU - Dorman, D C AU - Galli, C AU - Ray, D AU - Smith, R A AU - Tilson, H A AD - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA., harry@niehs.nih.gov Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 131 EP - 158 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 106 IS - Suppl 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - discrimination KW - Data processing KW - Organophosphorus compounds KW - Biochemistry KW - Toxicity KW - Nervous system KW - Case reports KW - Dose-response effects KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Neuropathy KW - N3 11028:Neuropharmacology & toxicology KW - R2 23050:Environment KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21262698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=In+vitro+techniques+for+the+assessment+of+neurotoxicity.&rft.au=Harry%2C+G+J%3BBillingsley%2C+M%3BBruinink%2C+A%3BCampbell%2C+I+L%3BClassen%2C+W%3BDorman%2C+D+C%3BGalli%2C+C%3BRay%2C+D%3BSmith%2C+R+A%3BTilson%2C+H+A&rft.aulast=Harry&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=Suppl+1&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Nervous system; Organophosphorus compounds; Data processing; Case reports; Neurotoxicity; Neuropathy; discrimination; Biochemistry; Dose-response effects; Toxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The U.S. National Toxicology Program evaluation of transgenic mice as predictive models for identifying carcinogens. AN - 21261696; 11702147 AB - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences researchers have invested considerable effort in exploring the utility of transgenic mice to detect carcinogens and study mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Work has assessed several mouse models genetically altered to enhance their expression of chemically induced tumors. Results with the p53def (hemizygous for the tumor-suppressor gene) and the Tg.AC (carrier of an activated H-ras oncogene) mice have been used as a basis for a proposed new strategy for identifying chemical carcinogens and assessing risk. The U.S. National Toxicology Program is conducting a series of studies with these two transgenic strains to further examine their strengths and weaknesses for identification of documented rodent and human carcinogens and to explore their ability to provide information concerning the effective dosimetry for target organ mutation. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Eastin, W C AD - Experimental Toxicology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA., eastin@niehs.nih.gov Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 81 EP - 84 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 106 IS - Suppl 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Tumor suppressor genes KW - H-Ras protein KW - Dosimetry KW - Animal models KW - Environmental health KW - Mice KW - tumors KW - Carcinogens KW - Tumors KW - Transgenic mice KW - Organs KW - USA KW - Oncogenes KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Mutation KW - Toxicology KW - rodents KW - W 30925:Genetic Engineering KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - X 24300:Methods KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21261696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+U.S.+National+Toxicology+Program+evaluation+of+transgenic+mice+as+predictive+models+for+identifying+carcinogens.&rft.au=Eastin%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Eastin&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=Suppl+1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tumor suppressor genes; Oncogenes; H-Ras protein; Dosimetry; Carcinogenesis; Animal models; Tumors; Carcinogens; Transgenic mice; Mutation; Environmental health; tumors; Mice; Organs; rodents; Toxicology; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stepping backward to improve assessment of PCB congener toxicities. AN - 21261675; 11702144 AB - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous global contaminants that have been intensively investigated for three decades. They are broad-acting toxicants occurring in complex mixtures and accurate risk assessment has proven to be elusive. Focusing on a limited set of end points and emphasizing a fixed set of congeners have led to more streamlined data sets that are meant to expedite hazard characterization and risk assessment for the most potent congeners--aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists. Unfortunately, this has made it impossible to confirm or deny significant contributions from the more prevalent components of the mixtures. PCBs may be only coincidentally present, rather than causal, in some diseases. Still, attempts to determine associations with incomplete residue data may lead to erroneous conclusions and make accurate risk assessment even more elusive. Responses not mediated through the AhR are presented and emphasize large data gaps. Dissimilar analytical reports emphasize that selection of analytes is not consistent. Collectively, these data confirm that AhR-focused objectives unintentionally created the impression that nonplanar PCBs have little if any potential for hazards to humans and wildlife. Near steady-state exposure of healthy adults are probably of minor consequence except for emerging correlations with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; however, pulses of exposure to more labile mixtures may contribute to developmental effects without leaving a residue record. More broadly based criteria are suggested and harmonization of data collection and presentation are desirable. A more comprehensive list of PCB congeners is proposed that would provide more adequate data upon which to base associations with adverse outcomes. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hansen, L G AD - Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61802, USA., lhansen@cvm.uiuc.edu Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 171 EP - 189 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 106 IS - Suppl 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - non-Hodgkin's lymphoma KW - Risk assessment KW - Toxicants KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - Hazards KW - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma KW - Assessments KW - Pollutants KW - Exposure KW - Congeners KW - PCB compounds KW - PCB KW - Data Collections KW - Data collection KW - Data processing KW - Residues KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Wildlife KW - Receptors KW - Toxicity KW - Data collections KW - Risk KW - polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Contaminants KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21261675?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Stepping+backward+to+improve+assessment+of+PCB+congener+toxicities.&rft.au=Hansen%2C+L+G&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=Suppl+1&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hazards; Toxicants; Receptors; Data collections; PCB; Risk assessment; Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Data processing; polychlorinated biphenyls; Hydrocarbons; Wildlife; Congeners; Toxicity; Contaminants; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Data collection; Residues; PCB compounds; Risk; Pollutants; Assessments; Exposure; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Data Collections ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rodent models of cardiopulmonary disease: their potential applicability in studies of air pollutant susceptibility. AN - 21260670; 11703720 AB - The mechanisms by which increased mortality and morbidity occur in individuals with preexistent cardiopulmonary disease following acute episodes of air pollution are unknown. Studies involving air pollution effects on animal models of human cardiopulmonary diseases are both infrequent and difficult to interpret. Such models are, however, extensively used in studies of disease pathogenesis. Primarily they comprise those developed by genetic, pharmacologic, or surgical manipulations of the cardiopulmonary system. This review attempts a comprehensive description of rodent cardiopulmonary disease models in the context of their potential application to susceptibility studies of air pollutants regardless of whether the models have been previously used for such studies. The pulmonary disease models include bronchitis, emphysema, asthma/allergy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial fibrosis, and infection. The models of systemic hypertension and congestive heart failure include: those derived by genetics (spontaneously hypertensive, Dahl S. renin transgenic, and other rodent models); congestive heart failure models derived by surgical manipulations; viral myocarditis; and cardiomyopathy induced by adriamycin. The characteristic pathogenic features critical to understanding the susceptibility to inhaled toxicants are described. It is anticipated that this review will provide a ready reference for the selection of appropriate rodent models of cardiopulmonary diseases and identify not only their pathobiologic similarities and/or differences to humans but also their potential usefulness in susceptibility studies. Images Figure 2 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kodavanti, U P AU - Costa, D L AU - Bromberg, P A AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA., kodavanti.urmila@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 111 EP - 130 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 106 IS - Suppl 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Toxicants KW - Fibrosis KW - Animal models KW - Respiratory diseases KW - Allergies KW - surgery KW - Morbidity KW - Cardiomyopathy KW - Hypersensitivity KW - Pollutants KW - infection KW - Myocarditis KW - Bronchitis KW - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease KW - Heart diseases KW - Renin KW - Mortality KW - Emphysema KW - Lung diseases KW - Asthma KW - congestive heart failure KW - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease KW - Air pollution KW - Reviews KW - hypertension KW - Chronic infection KW - Air pollution effects KW - rodents KW - Hypertension KW - V 22410:Animal Diseases KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21260670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Humboldt+Journal+of+Social+Relations&rft.atitle=Economic+Development%2C+Asian+Values+and+the+Political+Ordering+of+Contemporary+Singapore&rft.au=Martin-Jones%2C+David&rft.aulast=Martin-Jones&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Humboldt+Journal+of+Social+Relations&rft.issn=01604341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Renin; Emphysema; Mortality; Toxicants; Fibrosis; Lung diseases; Animal models; Asthma; congestive heart failure; Morbidity; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Air pollution; Cardiomyopathy; Hypersensitivity; Pollutants; Chronic infection; Bronchitis; Myocarditis; Hypertension; Heart diseases; Respiratory diseases; Allergies; surgery; Reviews; hypertension; infection; Air pollution effects; rodents; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental signaling: a biological context for endocrine disruption. AN - 21259516; 11703721 AB - Endogenous and exogenous chemical signals have evolved as a means for organisms to respond to physical or biological stimuli in the environment. Sensitivity to these signals can make organisms vulnerable to inadvertent signals from xenobiotics. In this review we discuss how various chemicals can interact with steroid-like signaling pathways, especially estrogen. Numerous compounds have estrogenic activity, including steroids, phytoestrogens, and synthetic chemicals. We compare bioavailability, metabolism, interaction with receptors, and interaction with cell-signaling pathways among these three structurally diverse groups in order to understand how these chemicals influence physiological responses. Based on their mechanisms of action, chemical steroid mimics could plausibly be associated with recent adverse health trends in humans and animals. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Cheek, A O AU - Vonier, P M AU - Oberdorster, E AU - Burow, B C AU - McLachlan, J A AD - Tulane-Xavier Center for Bioenvironmental Research, New Orleans, LA, USA. Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 5 EP - 10 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 106 IS - Suppl 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Sensitivity KW - Bioavailability KW - endocrine disruptors KW - Reviews KW - Physiological responses KW - vulnerability KW - steroids KW - Metabolism KW - estrogens KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21259516?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Environmental+signaling%3A+a+biological+context+for+endocrine+disruption.&rft.au=Cheek%2C+A+O%3BVonier%2C+P+M%3BOberdorster%2C+E%3BBurow%2C+B+C%3BMcLachlan%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Cheek&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=Suppl+1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioavailability; Sensitivity; endocrine disruptors; Reviews; Physiological responses; vulnerability; steroids; Metabolism; estrogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health impacts of climate change and ozone depletion: an ecoepidemiologic modeling approach. AN - 21259288; 11703722 AB - Anthropogenic climate changes and stratospheric ozone depletion affect human health in various ways. Current mainstream epidemiologic research methods do not appear well adapted to analyze these health impacts, which involve complex systems influenced by human interventions or simpler processes that will take place in the future. This paper discusses a different paradigm for studying the health impacts of global environmental changes and focuses on the development of integrated ecoepidemiologic models using three examples--the effect of climate change on vector-borne diseases, the effect of climate change on thermal-related mortality, and the effects of increasing ultraviolet levels because of ozone depletion on the rates of skin cancer. Images Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 7 Figure 8 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Martens, W J AD - Maastricht University, Department of Mathematics, The Netherlands, p.martens@math.unimaas.nl Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 241 EP - 251 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 106 IS - Suppl 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Skin KW - anthropogenic factors KW - research methods KW - intervention KW - Climatic changes KW - environmental changes KW - Stratosphere KW - Cancer KW - Ozone KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21259288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Health+impacts+of+climate+change+and+ozone+depletion%3A+an+ecoepidemiologic+modeling+approach.&rft.au=Martens%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Martens&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=Suppl+1&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Skin; research methods; anthropogenic factors; intervention; Climatic changes; environmental changes; Stratosphere; Cancer; Ozone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of oxidative stress in chemical carcinogenesis. AN - 21253911; 11702148 AB - Oxidative stress results when the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overrides the antioxidant capability of the target cell; oxidative damage from the interaction of reactive oxygen with critical cellular macromolecules may occur. ROS may interact with and modify cellular protein, lipid, and DNA, which results in altered target cell function. The accumulation of oxidative damage has been implicated in both acute and chronic cell injury including possible participation in the formation of cancer. Acute oxidative injury may produce selective cell death and a compensatory increase in cell proliferation. This stimulus may result in the formation of newly initiated preneoplastic cells and/or enhance the selective clonal expansion of latent initiated preneoplastic cells. Similarly, sublethal acute oxidative injury may produce unrepaired DNA damage and result in the formation of new mutations and, potentially, new initiated cells. In contrast, sustained chronic oxidative injury may lead to a nonlethal modification of normal cellular growth control mechanisms. Cellular oxidative stress can modify intercellular communication, protein kinase activity, membrane structure and function, and gene expression, and result in modulation of cell growth. We examined the role of oxidative stress as a possible mechanism by which nongenotoxic carcinogens may function. In studies with the selective mouse liver carcinogen dieldrin, a species-specific and dose-dependent decrease in liver antioxidant concentrations with a concomitant increase in ROS formation and oxidative damage was seen. This increase in oxidative stress correlated with an increase in hepatocyte DNA synthesis. Antioxidant supplementation prevented the dieldrin-induced cellular changes. Our findings suggest that the effect of nongenotoxic carcinogens (if they function through oxidative mechanisms) may be amplified in rodents but not in primates because of rodents' greater sensitivity to ROS. These results and findings reported by others support a potential role for oxidative-induced injury in the cancer process specifically during the promotion stage. Images Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 9 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Klaunig, J E AU - Xu, Y AU - Isenberg, J S AU - Bachowski, S AU - Kolaja, K L AU - Jiang, J AU - Stevenson, D E AU - Walborg, E F AD - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, USA., jklauni@indyuax.iupui.edu Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 289 EP - 295 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 106 IS - Suppl 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Oxygen KW - Antioxidants KW - Injuries KW - DNA KW - Liver KW - Carcinogens KW - oxidative stress KW - Cancer KW - rodents KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21253911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+role+of+oxidative+stress+in+chemical+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Klaunig%2C+J+E%3BXu%2C+Y%3BIsenberg%2C+J+S%3BBachowski%2C+S%3BKolaja%2C+K+L%3BJiang%2C+J%3BStevenson%2C+D+E%3BWalborg%2C+E+F&rft.aulast=Klaunig&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=Suppl+1&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oxygen; Antioxidants; Injuries; Liver; DNA; Carcinogens; rodents; Cancer; oxidative stress ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrated defense system overlaps as a disease model: with examples for multiple chemical sensitivity. AN - 21250955; 11704958 AB - The central nervous, immune, and endocrine systems communicate through multiple common messengers. Over evolutionary time, what may be termed integrated defense system(s) (IDS) have developed to coordinate these communications for specific contexts; these include the stress response, acute-phase response, nonspecific immune response, immune response to antigen, kindling, tolerance, time-dependent sensitization, neurogenic switching, and traumatic dissociation (TD). These IDSs are described and their overlap is examined. Three models of disease production are generated: damage, in which IDSs function incorrectly; inadequate/inappropriate, in which IDS response is outstripped by a changing context; and evolving/learning, in which the IDS learned response to a context is deemed pathologic. Mechanisms of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) are developed from several IDS disease models. Model 1A is pesticide damage to the central nervous system, overlapping with body chemical burdens, TD, and chronic zinc deficiency; model 1B is benzene disruption of interleukin-1, overlapping with childhood developmental windows and hapten-antigenic spreading; and model 1C is autoimmunity to immunoglobulin-G (IgG), overlapping with spreading to other IgG-inducers, sudden spreading of inciters, and food-contaminating chemicals. Model 2A is chemical and stress overload, including comparison with the susceptibility/sensitization/triggering/spreading model; model 2B is genetic mercury allergy, overlapping with: heavy metals/zinc displacement and childhood/gestational mercury exposures; and model 3 is MCS as evolution and learning. Remarks are offered on current MCS research. Problems with clinical measurement are suggested on the basis of IDS models. Large-sample patient self-report epidemiology is described as an alternative or addition to clinical biomarker and animal testing. Images Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Rowat, S C AD - Grantham's Landing, British Columbia, Canada., steven_rowat@sunshine.net Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 85 EP - 109 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 106 IS - Suppl 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Central nervous system KW - Spreading KW - Heavy metals KW - Food KW - Interleukin 1 KW - Communication KW - Autoimmunity KW - Kindling KW - Allergies KW - Benzene KW - Multiple chemical sensitivity KW - Hypersensitivity KW - Zinc KW - Endocrine system KW - heavy metals KW - Bioindicators KW - Sensitivity KW - Learning KW - Stress KW - Intrauterine exposure KW - Children KW - Immunological tolerance KW - biomarkers KW - Nutrient deficiency KW - Communications KW - Epidemiology KW - Pesticides KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Mercury KW - Immune response KW - Evolution KW - A 01380:Plant Protection, Fungicides & Seed Treatments KW - ENA 09:Land Use & Planning KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21250955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Integrated+defense+system+overlaps+as+a+disease+model%3A+with+examples+for+multiple+chemical+sensitivity.&rft.au=Rowat%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Rowat&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=Suppl+1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Central nervous system; Spreading; Heavy metals; Food; Interleukin 1; Communication; Kindling; Autoimmunity; Benzene; Multiple chemical sensitivity; Hypersensitivity; Zinc; Endocrine system; Learning; Stress; Intrauterine exposure; Children; biomarkers; Immunological tolerance; Nutrient deficiency; Epidemiology; Pesticides; Immunoglobulin G; Mercury; Immune response; Evolution; Bioindicators; Sensitivity; Allergies; Communications; heavy metals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of exposure duration and feeding status on fish bile metabolites: Implications for biomonitoring AN - 16526527; 4367988 AB - Biliary metabolites of 2-chlorosyringaldehyde (2-CSA), the major chlorinated phenol found in chlorine dioxide bleached eucalypt pulp effluent, have been found to be sensitive biomarkers of effluent exposure in the sand flathead (Platycephalus bassensis). Before this method of biomonitoring can be applied in the field, the influences of exposure duration, depuration time, and fish feeding status on the level of this metabolite should be determined. In this study, sand flathead were exposed to a measured concentration of 0.3 mu g/l of 2-CSA for 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, or 16 days. Fish previously exposed to 2-CSA were then held in sea-water alone for 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6 days. Fish were fed ad libitum throughout the experiment, and the fullness of the fish's stomach at the time of sampling was noted. There were no effects of exposure on biotransformation enzyme activities, either between exposure times or between the exposure and depuration periods. The major metabolite of 2-CSA, 2-chloro-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylalcohol (2-CB-OH), was first detected in the bile of some fish sampled after 24 h of exposure, and the mean concentration of 2-CB-OH in the bile increased over the exposure period. The mean concentration ( plus or minus SE) of 2-CB-OH in the bile was strongly influenced by fish feeding status, being 94 plus or minus 18 ng/ml bile in fish with empty stomachs and undetectable in fish with full stomachs. Bile volume was also influenced by fish feeding status, being greatest in fish with empty stomachs at the time of sampling. Results indicate that the feeding status of fish should be taken into consideration when using biliary metabolites as biomarkers of effluent exposure in the field, and methods to establish this are discussed. JF - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety AU - Brumley, C M AU - Haritos, V S AU - Ahokas, J T AU - Holdway, DA AD - Environment Protection Authority, GPO Box 4395QQ, Melbourne, 3001 Australia Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 147 EP - 153 VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - 2-chlorosyrinaldehyde KW - Cliff flathead KW - Platycephalus bassensis KW - bile KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Pollution effects KW - Metabolites KW - Paper industry wastes KW - Bioindicators KW - Feeding KW - Pulp mills KW - Enzymes KW - Water pollution KW - Chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - Pulp wastes KW - Bile KW - Fish KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16526527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+Environmental+Safety&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+exposure+duration+and+feeding+status+on+fish+bile+metabolites%3A+Implications+for+biomonitoring&rft.au=Brumley%2C+C+M%3BHaritos%2C+V+S%3BAhokas%2C+J+T%3BHoldway%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Brumley&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+Environmental+Safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioindicators; Feeding; Pulp wastes; Bile; Enzymes; Pollution effects; Fish; Metabolites; Chlorinated hydrocarbons; Water pollution; Pulp mills; Paper industry wastes; Platycephalus bassensis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of appendages and small currents on the hydrodynamic heave damping of TLP columns AN - 16525899; 4348655 AB - A previous paper by the authors reported on the estimation of resonant heave (springing) damping of tension leg platforms (TLPs) and a method of scaling for full-scale prototypes. The present paper is a sequel to this work, and examines the effect of adding an appendage in the form of a disk to TLP columns, and the influence of a small uniform current. Model tests conducted on a cylinder + disk in heave show that the heave damping induced by the disk is linear with the amplitude of oscillation. The disk is found to increase the form drag coefficient twofold, in accordance with published results based on isolated edge theory. The effects of a small uniform current were also examined during the model tests. Results show an increase in heave damping ratio that is linear with the current velocity. In the presence of a disk, the damping induced by the current is doubled as well. Scaling laws are proposed in this paper that enable extrapolation of heave damping due to appendages and small currents to full scale. An example calculation shows that for a full-scale TLP column, the heave damping is increased by about 300 percent due to addition of the disk, and by 87 percent due to a small current. The combination of the disk and the current increases the heave damping of the column by a factor of six. JF - Transactions of the ASME. Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic AU - Thiagarajan, K P AU - Troesch, A W AD - Cent. for Oil & Gas Eng., Univ. Western Australia and Australian Maritime Eng. CRC Ltd., GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845 Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 37 EP - 42 VL - 120 IS - 1 SN - 0892-7219, 0892-7219 KW - heave resonance KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Marine KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Current forces KW - Offshore structures KW - Structural analysis KW - Tension leg platforms KW - Q2 09322:Drilling and production rigs KW - H 15000:Civil/Structural Engineering KW - O 6020:Offshore Engineering and Operations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16525899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASME.+Journal+of+Offshore+Mechanics+and+Arctic&rft.atitle=Effects+of+appendages+and+small+currents+on+the+hydrodynamic+heave+damping+of+TLP+columns&rft.au=Thiagarajan%2C+K+P%3BTroesch%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=Thiagarajan&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASME.+Journal+of+Offshore+Mechanics+and+Arctic&rft.issn=08927219&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Current forces; Hydrodynamics; Structural analysis; Offshore structures; Tension leg platforms; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Culture of chondrocytes in alginate gel: Variations in conditions of gelation influence the structure of the alginate gel, and the arrangement and morphology of proliferating chondrocytes AN - 16508644; 4415078 AB - Sodium alginate, which gels in the presence of calcium ions, is commonly used for culture of anchorage-independent cells, such as chondrocytes. Normally, the gel appears microscopically homogeneous but, depending on the conditions of gelation, it may contain a varying number of small channels that extend inward from the surface. We have examined the influence of these channels on the morphology of cultured chondrocytes entrapped in alginate beads. Growth-plate or articular chondrocytes cultured in alginate normally proliferate and form rounded cell clusters but, in alginate beads containing numerous channels, many chondrocytes become aligned and form columns similar to those in the growth plate in vivo. As the pattern of cellular growth and morphology in alginate is profoundly influenced by the presence of channels in the gel, further studies were conducted to determine what specific conditions of gelation affect their formation. The channels are especially numerous when both the alginate and the gelling solutions lack sodium ions or other monovalent cations. The channels are cavities in the gel formed by particulate blocking of the rapid diffusion of calcium ions from the gelling solution into the boundary of the calcium alginate solution, and hence they extend inward from cells at the surface of the alginate gel. An understanding of the conditions under which these channels develop makes it possible either to avoid their formation or, alternatively, to enhance the number of channels in order to encourage proliferating cells to grow in radial columns, rather than in a less organized pattern characteristic of most culture systems. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal AU - Aydelotte, M B AU - Thonar, EJ-MA AU - Mollenhauer, J AU - Flechtenmacher, J AD - Deps. Biochem. and Intern. Med., Rush Med. Coll. at Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Med. Cent., 1653 West Congress Pkwy., Chicago, IL 60612, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 123 EP - 130 VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - alginate KW - chondrocytes KW - tissue culture KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16508644?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.atitle=Culture+of+chondrocytes+in+alginate+gel%3A+Variations+in+conditions+of+gelation+influence+the+structure+of+the+alginate+gel%2C+and+the+arrangement+and+morphology+of+proliferating+chondrocytes&rft.au=Aydelotte%2C+M+B%3BThonar%2C+EJ-MA%3BMollenhauer%2C+J%3BFlechtenmacher%2C+J&rft.aulast=Aydelotte&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal dynamics and variation among sheep in densities of the sheep biting louse, Bovicola ovis AN - 16416423; 4321262 AB - Cyclic patterns and variations among sheep in numbers of Bovicola ovis are described in Polypay and Columbia ewes that were initially infested with equal numbers of lice and penned indoors continuously for 2 years. Bovicola ovis populations were censused at 3-4-week intervals at 69 body sites on each animal. In the second year of the study, the ewes were reinfested and half were mated. Louse populations were monitored on the resulting lambs from birth until 25 weeks of age. Strong seasonal cycles in louse numbers were observed on the ewes, with peaks in spring and troughs in summer. These cycles occurred in the absence of shearing, direct solar radiation or rainfall. Populations began to decline when daily mean and maximum temperatures were 11.5 degree C and 15 degree C, respectively, well below temperatures thought to cause warm season decline. Louse densities on Polypay ewes were approximately 10 times higher than on Columbias at most inspections. There were also large differences among sheep within breeds and sheep counts were highly correlated among dates, both within and between years. One third of the ewes failed to become infested despite having lice applied on five separate occasions and being penned together with other infested sheep. Pregnancy and lactation did not significantly affect louse numbers on the ewes. There was a significant negative correlation between louse counts and weight gains in the lambs, and lamb counts were significantly correlated with those of their dams up until, but not after, weaning. It is suggested that sheep may exert regulatory influences on lice which contribute to cycles in B. ovis populations. JF - International Journal for Parasitology AU - James, P J AU - Moon, R D AU - Brown AD - South Australian Res. and Dev. Inst., GPO Box 397, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 283 EP - 292 VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0020-7519, 0020-7519 KW - Mallophaga KW - population density KW - population dynamics KW - seasonal variations KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05202:Parasitism: non-entomophagous KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16416423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+for+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Seasonal+dynamics+and+variation+among+sheep+in+densities+of+the+sheep+biting+louse%2C+Bovicola+ovis&rft.au=James%2C+P+J%3BMoon%2C+R+D%3BBrown&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+for+Parasitology&rft.issn=00207519&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of wildfire on runoff and erosion in native Eucalyptus forest AN - 16377748; 4292616 AB - Wildfires raise concerns over the risk of accelerated erosion as a result of increased overland flow and decreased protection of the soil by litter and ground vegetation cover. We investigated these issues following the 1994 fires that burnt large areas of native Eucalyptus forest surrounding Sydney, Australia. A review of previous studies identifies the fire and rainfall conditions that are likely to lead to increased runoff and accelerated erosion. We then compare runoff and erosion between burnt and unburnt sites for 10 months after the 1994 fires. At the scale of hillslope plots, the 1994 fire increased runoff by enhancing soil hydrophobicity, and greatly increased sediment transport, mainly through the reduced ground cover, which lowered substantially the threshold for initial sediment movement. However, both runoff and sediment transport were very localized, resulting in little runoff or sediment yield after the fire at the hillslope catchment scale. We identify that after moderately intense fires, rainfall events of greater than one year recurrence interval are required to generate substantial runoff and sediment yield. Such events did not occur during the monitoring period. Past work shows that mild burns have little effect on erosion, and it is only after the most extreme fires that erosion is produced from small, frequent storms. JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Prosser, I P AU - Williams, L AD - Cooperative Res. for Catchment Hydrol., CSIRO Div. Water Resour., GPO Box 1666, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 251 EP - 265 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS, LTD. VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - Risk Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - R2 23030:Natural hazards KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16377748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Processes&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+wildfire+on+runoff+and+erosion+in+native+Eucalyptus+forest&rft.au=Prosser%2C+I+P%3BWilliams%2C+L&rft.aulast=Prosser&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Processes&rft.issn=08856087&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Involvement of bradykinin generation in intravascular dissemination of Vibrio vulnificus and prevention of invasion by a bradykinin antagonist AN - 16373342; 4270390 AB - Involvement of bradykinin generation in bacterial invasion was examined by using a gram-negative bacillus, Vibrio vulnificus, which is known to invade the blood circulatory system and cause septicemia. V. vulnificus was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) into mice with or without bradykinin or a bradykinin (B2 receptor) antagonist. Dissemination of V. vulnificus from peritoneal septic foci to the circulating blood was assessed by counting of viable bacteria in venous blood by use of the colony-forming assay. Intravascular dissemination of V. vulnificus in mice was significantly potentiated by simultaneous injection with bradykinin but was markedly reduced by coadministration with the B2 antagonist D-Arg,[Hyp super(3), Thi super(5,8),D-Phe super(7)]-bradykinin. Furthermore, V. vulnificus lethality was significantly increased when bradykinin was administered simultaneously with the bacillus, whereas it was definitely suppressed by treatment with D-Arg,[Hyp super(3), Thi super(5,8), D-Phe super(7)]-bradykinin. Similarly, ovomacroglobulin, a potent inhibitor of the V. vulnificus protease, showed a strong suppressive effect on the V. vulnificus septicemia. We also confirmed appreciable bradykinin production in the primary septic loci in the mouse peritoneal cavity after i.p. inoculation with V. vulnificus. It is thus concluded that bradykinin generation in infectious loci is critically involved in facilitation of intravascular dissemination of V. vulnificus. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Maruo, K AU - Akaike, T AU - Ono, T AU - Maeda, H AD - Department of Microbiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto 860, Japan, msmaedah@gpo.kumamoto-u.ac.jp Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 866 EP - 869 VL - 66 IS - 2 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - bradykinin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16373342?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Involvement+of+bradykinin+generation+in+intravascular+dissemination+of+Vibrio+vulnificus+and+prevention+of+invasion+by+a+bradykinin+antagonist&rft.au=Maruo%2C+K%3BAkaike%2C+T%3BOno%2C+T%3BMaeda%2C+H&rft.aulast=Maruo&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eurasian+studies+yearbook&rft.issn=00420786&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enzyme immunoassay for atrazine analysis in water and soil AN - 16355161; 4314510 AB - Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) has been tested for the detection of atrazine in soil and water. EIA kits and atrazine-fortified samples were received from the International Atomic Energy Agency. Atrazine concentrations of about 0.01 mu g litre super(-1) could be detected and the central detection point was found at about 0.15 mu g litre super(-1) which is a reasonably sensitive region for atrazine. A validation study with spiked local water samples yielded acceptable results. No treatment was required for water samples. Extraction of atrazine from soil was done by simple shaking with methanol without any clean-up steps. Detection limits of 1 x 10 super(-2) mu g litre super(-1) for water and 5 x 10 super(-3) mu g kg super(-1) for soil were achieved. JF - Pesticide Science AU - Amin, M R AU - Malek, MA AU - Rahman, M AU - Hoque, E AD - Inst. Food and Radiation Biol., Atomic Energy Res. Establishment, GPO Box-3787, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 152 EP - 158 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS, LTD. VL - 52 IS - 2 SN - 0031-613X, 0031-613X KW - immunoassay KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16355161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Science&rft.atitle=Enzyme+immunoassay+for+atrazine+analysis+in+water+and+soil&rft.au=Amin%2C+M+R%3BMalek%2C+MA%3BRahman%2C+M%3BHoque%2C+E&rft.aulast=Amin&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=152&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Science&rft.issn=0031613X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Ozone and Other Pollutants on the Pulmonary Function of Adult Hikers AN - 14481472; 10549489 AB - The acute effects of ambient ozone and concomitant fine particulate matter and aerosol acidity exposures on pulmonary function were studied in a diverse population of healthy adults hiking on Mount Washington in the White Mountain National Forest, NH. The subjects were solicited from adults beginning a day hike on the mountain on 78 d during the summers of 1991 and 1992. Spirometry measurements, environmental exposure measurements, and diaries were used. Results showed a 2.6% decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV sub(1)) and a 2.2% decline in forced vital capacity for each 50 ppb increment in hikers' mean O sub(3) exposure. Adjustment for particulate matter and strong aerosol acidity concentrations did not change the observed inverse relationship between changes in FEV sub(1) and mean O sub(3) exposures, but the association was then no longer significant. The overall findings showed serious effects of mean O sub(3), particulate matter, and strong aerosol acidity on pulmonary function in this study population. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Korrick, Susan A AU - Neas, Lucas M AU - Dockery, Douglas W AU - Gold, Diane R AU - Allen, George A AU - Hill, LBruce AU - Kimball, Kenneth D Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 93 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 106 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - WHITE MOUNTAINS KW - AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS KW - RECREATION, OUTDOOR, LAND KW - OZONE KW - PARTICULATES KW - ACIDITY KW - PULMONARY EFFECTS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14481472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Ozone+and+Other+Pollutants+on+the+Pulmonary+Function+of+Adult+Hikers&rft.au=Korrick%2C+Susan+A%3BNeas%2C+Lucas+M%3BDockery%2C+Douglas+W%3BGold%2C+Diane+R%3BAllen%2C+George+A%3BHill%2C+LBruce%3BKimball%2C+Kenneth+D&rft.aulast=Korrick&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 3 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - WHITE MOUNTAINS; AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS; ACIDITY; RECREATION, OUTDOOR, LAND; PULMONARY EFFECTS; PARTICULATES; OZONE ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk Assessment for the Harmful Effects of UVB Radiation on the Immunological Resistance to Infectious Diseases AN - 14481447; 10549486 AB - Results are presented from a risk assessment of the effects of UVB radiation exposure in terms of the immune system and related resistance to infections as compared to humans not exposed to increased UVB radiation levels due to ozone depletion. The methodology involved doseresponse assessment using data from studies involving rodents and humans, and exposure assessment in which exposure to UVB radiation was divided into five categories: exposure to sunlight, exposure by illumination, exposure for cosmetic reasons, exposure for therapy, and exposure in the workplace. Results showed that exposure to UVB radiation at doses relevant to outdoor exposure may affect the specific cellular immune response to Listeria monocytogenes bacteria in humans. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Goettsch, Wim AU - Garssen, Johan AU - Slob, Wout AU - de Gruijl, Frank R AU - Van Loveren, Henk Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 71 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 106 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - RISK ASSESSMENT KW - ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION KW - IMMUNOSUPPRESSION KW - DISEASES AND DISORDERS KW - IMMUNE RESPONSE KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14481447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Risk+Assessment+for+the+Harmful+Effects+of+UVB+Radiation+on+the+Immunological+Resistance+to+Infectious+Diseases&rft.au=Goettsch%2C+Wim%3BGarssen%2C+Johan%3BSlob%2C+Wout%3Bde+Gruijl%2C+Frank+R%3BVan+Loveren%2C+Henk&rft.aulast=Goettsch&rft.aufirst=Wim&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - RISK ASSESSMENT; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; DISEASES AND DISORDERS; IMMUNE RESPONSE ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Models of Interaction Between Metabolic Genes and Environmental Exposure in Cancer Susceptibility AN - 14481438; 10549485 AB - When the dose of environmental exposure is analyzed with respect to genotype of a metabolic susceptibility gene, two apparent divergent patterns can be found: low-exposuregene effect, which is seen when a decreasing degree of interaction occurs as a function of exposure; and high-exposuregene effect, which occurs when there is an increased degree of interaction as a function of exposure dose. A method, involving a multiple regression model, is presented for identifying these two patterns, which is illustrated using data from a hypothetical case-control study of a metabolic gene polymorphism showing type-2 geneenvironment interaction. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Taioli, Emanuela AU - Zocchetti, Carlo AU - Garte, Seymour Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 67 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 106 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - DOSE RESPONSE PROFILES KW - CARCINOGENIC AGENTS KW - MATHEMATIC MODELS, CARCINOGENESIS KW - GENETICS, HUMAN KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14481438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Models+of+Interaction+Between+Metabolic+Genes+and+Environmental+Exposure+in+Cancer+Susceptibility&rft.au=Taioli%2C+Emanuela%3BZocchetti%2C+Carlo%3BGarte%2C+Seymour&rft.aulast=Taioli&rft.aufirst=Emanuela&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DOSE RESPONSE PROFILES; CARCINOGENIC AGENTS; MATHEMATIC MODELS, CARCINOGENESIS; GENETICS, HUMAN ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Do Large-Scale Remedial and Dredging Events Have the Potential to Release Significant Amounts of Semivolatile Compounds to the Atmosphere? AN - 14481409; 10549482 AB - The volatile loss of PCBs from wet, biodegraded sediment is reviewed, based on laboratory and field studies, and the implications for the release of PCBs when handling contaminated media are assessed. The data show that alteration of these contaminated sediments by microbial processes results in dechlorination and the production of more-mobile and bioavailable daughter products. Lower-chlorinated PCBs appear to be especially susceptible to volatile loss during co-evaporation with water. Therefore, large-scale dredging, remedial, or land-farming operations have the potential to release semivolatile compounds to the atmosphere. It is argued that volatility of semivolatile compounds should be considered in decisions regarding possible remedial intervention. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Chiarenzelli, Jeff AU - Scrudato, Ronald AU - Bush, Brian AU - Carpenter, David AU - Bushart, Sean Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 47 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 106 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - DREDGE SPOIL TREATMENT KW - POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS KW - VOLATILIZATION KW - SEDIMENT KW - WASTE SITE REMEDIATION KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14481409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Do+Large-Scale+Remedial+and+Dredging+Events+Have+the+Potential+to+Release+Significant+Amounts+of+Semivolatile+Compounds+to+the+Atmosphere%3F&rft.au=Chiarenzelli%2C+Jeff%3BScrudato%2C+Ronald%3BBush%2C+Brian%3BCarpenter%2C+David%3BBushart%2C+Sean&rft.aulast=Chiarenzelli&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 32 |t References N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DREDGE SPOIL TREATMENT; VOLATILIZATION; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; SEDIMENT; WASTE SITE REMEDIATION ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Interventions on Children's Blood Lead Levels AN - 14480939; 10549487 AB - As a result of the long-term operation of an active lead and zinc smelter in Trail, BC, Canada, elevated blood lead levels were found consistently in children. A comprehensive childhood Pb exposure prevention program was initiated in 1991. Using data obtained over the period 199196, the impact of the interventions on blood Pb levels was examined. The interventions included case management, public education, and community dust abatement. Analysis of the data showed no increase in the rate of decline in blood Pb levels in Trail children as a result of the interventions. The constant and gradual decline in blood Pb levels in the children from 1989 through 1996 parallels roughly a general worldwide drop in blood Pb levels observed for the period 197694. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hilts, Steven R AU - Bock, Susan E AU - Oke, Terry L AU - Yates, Cheryl L AU - Copes, Raymond A Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 79 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 106 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - MITIGATIVE MEASURES KW - BLOOD LEAD LEVEL KW - BRITISH COLUMBIA KW - ENV ACTION, NON US KW - TEMPORAL COMPARISONS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14480939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Interventions+on+Children%27s+Blood+Lead+Levels&rft.au=Hilts%2C+Steven+R%3BBock%2C+Susan+E%3BOke%2C+Terry+L%3BYates%2C+Cheryl+L%3BCopes%2C+Raymond+A&rft.aulast=Hilts&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - MITIGATIVE MEASURES; BLOOD LEAD LEVEL; BRITISH COLUMBIA; ENV ACTION, NON US; TEMPORAL COMPARISONS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Birth Weight and Sex of Children and the Correlation to the Body Burden of PCDDs/PCDFs and PCBs of the Mother AN - 14480910; 10549484 AB - In two areas of Finland, birth weight and sex of children were correlated to PCDD/PCDF and PCB concentrations in the breast milk of respective mothers. In addition, the personal and environmental determinants that correlated with the observed contaminant levels in breast milk were assessed. Results showed that the mean weights of children increased with the numbers of children, and the toxic equivalent values decreased. No correlations were found between the weight of the newborn and the dioxin concentrations of primiparae mothers. The most important factors affecting PCDD and PCDF concentrations in breast milk were the frequency of fish consumption and the age of the mother. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Vartiainen, Terttu AU - Jaakkola, Jouni JK AU - Saarikoski, Seppo AU - Tuomisto, Jouko Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 61 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 106 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - SEX COMPARISONS KW - POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS KW - POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZODIOXINS KW - SOURCE MEASUREMENT KW - BREAST MILK KW - POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - REPRODUCTION, HUMAN KW - FINLAND KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14480910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Birth+Weight+and+Sex+of+Children+and+the+Correlation+to+the+Body+Burden+of+PCDDs%2FPCDFs+and+PCBs+of+the+Mother&rft.au=Vartiainen%2C+Terttu%3BJaakkola%2C+Jouni+JK%3BSaarikoski%2C+Seppo%3BTuomisto%2C+Jouko&rft.aulast=Vartiainen&rft.aufirst=Terttu&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 8 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - SEX COMPARISONS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; REPRODUCTION, HUMAN; SOURCE MEASUREMENT; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZODIOXINS; BREAST MILK; FINLAND; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of Water Use for Estimating Exposure to Tap Water Contaminants AN - 14479274; 10549483 AB - Using interviews and water diaries, the exposure of pregnant women and their male partners to tap water through showering, bathing, and swimming was examined. The participants also provided information about daily water consumption and weekly consumption of cold water-based beverages that had been prepared in the home. Results showed that the participants consumed, on average, close to the NAS standard assumed intake of 2 l/d, but less than 20% was cold tap water at home. A significant amount of tap water was consumed either at work, a restaurant, or at a friend's or relative's house. Women employed part-time or less consumed the most tap water overall, but total consumption levels among sex and employment groups did not vary significantly. Women took more baths than men, and baths lasted, on average, twice as long as showers. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Shimokura, Gayle H AU - Savitz, David A AU - Symanski, Elaine Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 55 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 106 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - SEX COMPARISONS KW - OCCUPATIONAL COMPARISONS KW - BEHAVIOR KW - WATER, DRINKING KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14479274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+Water+Use+for+Estimating+Exposure+to+Tap+Water+Contaminants&rft.au=Shimokura%2C+Gayle+H%3BSavitz%2C+David+A%3BSymanski%2C+Elaine&rft.aulast=Shimokura&rft.aufirst=Gayle&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 5 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - SEX COMPARISONS; OCCUPATIONAL COMPARISONS; BEHAVIOR; WATER, DRINKING ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Northern Exposure AN - 14479256; 10549481 AB - Data are presented from the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme in a discussion of the increasing contamination levels in the Arctic environment. Contaminant pathways are identified, as well as the main contaminants of concern, which include PCBs, mercury, and cadmium. Acid rain is also a problem, as are global warming and ozone depletion, especially as they impact the food supplies of the indigenous peoples. Because the widespread pollution in the Arctic will be difficult and perhaps impossible to clean up, the only real solution lies in a global emphasis on prevention. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Tenenbaum, David J Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 106 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS KW - ARCTIC BIOME KW - POLLUTION CONTROL INVESTMENT KW - OZONE KW - ENV IMPACT ASSESSMENT KW - FOOD CONTAMINATION KW - GREENHOUSE EFFECT KW - INDIGENOUS PEOPLE KW - HEAVY METALS KW - ACID RAIN KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14479256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Northern+Exposure&rft.au=Tenenbaum%2C+David+J&rft.aulast=Tenenbaum&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 2 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - GREENHOUSE EFFECT; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; INDIGENOUS PEOPLE; HEAVY METALS; ACID RAIN; ARCTIC BIOME; POLLUTION CONTROL INVESTMENT; OZONE; FOOD CONTAMINATION; ENV IMPACT ASSESSMENT ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular Basis of the Inhibition of Human Aromatase (Estrogen Synthetase) by Flavone and Isoflavone Phytoestrogens: a Site-Directed Mutagenesis Study AN - 14479237; 10549488 AB - The inhibition profiles of eight phytoestrogens were determined on the wild-type aromatase and six human aromatase mutants. The compounds analyzed included four flavones, two isoflavones, one flavanone, and one naphthoflavone. Computer modeling was used to examine the binding characteristic and the structure requirement for flavone and isoflavone phytoestrogens to inhibit human aromatase. All of the compounds were found to bind to the active site of aromatase, but isoflavones were found to be poorer inhibitors of aromatase than flavones. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kao, Yeh-Chih AU - Zhou, Changbao AU - Sherman, Mark AU - Laughton, Charles A AU - Chen, Shiuan Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 85 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 106 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - PLANTS, BIOLOGIC KW - ENZYME ACTIVITY KW - HORMONAL EFFECTS KW - MUTAGENIC AGENTS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14479237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Molecular+Basis+of+the+Inhibition+of+Human+Aromatase+%28Estrogen+Synthetase%29+by+Flavone+and+Isoflavone+Phytoestrogens%3A+a+Site-Directed+Mutagenesis+Study&rft.au=Kao%2C+Yeh-Chih%3BZhou%2C+Changbao%3BSherman%2C+Mark%3BLaughton%2C+Charles+A%3BChen%2C+Shiuan&rft.aulast=Kao&rft.aufirst=Yeh-Chih&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 6 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - PLANTS, BIOLOGIC; ENZYME ACTIVITY; HORMONAL EFFECTS; MUTAGENIC AGENTS ER - TY - GEN T1 - Prohibition on Federally Sponsored National Testing. Report Together with Supplemental and Minority Views To Accompany H.R. 2846. House of Representatives, 105th Congress, 2d Session. AN - 62441921; ED423293 AB - H.R. 2846, a bill to prohibit spending Federal education funds on national testing without explicit and specific legislation was referred to the Committee on Education and the Workforce of the U.S. House of Representatives. The Committee, having reviewed the bill, reports favorably on it in this document, proposes some amendments, and recommends that the bill as amended should pass. As introduced, H.R. 2846 amends the General Education Provisions Act and the Fund for Improvement of Education to prohibit Federal funds from being used to develop, plan, or implement (including pilot testing or field testing), or administer any national tests in reading, mathematics, or any other subject unless the test is specifically and explicitly provided for by law. An exception is provided for the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). Because the National Assessment of Educational Progress is specifically and explicitly authorized in the National Education Statistics Act of 1994 it would be unaffected by the legislation. The Committee amends H.R. 2846 to add six findings: (1) that high state and local standards in core academic subjects are essential to elementary and secondary education; (2) state and local control is the hallmark of U.S. education; (3) each of the states already uses numerous tests to measure achievement, and these are based primarily on state and local standards; (4) Public Law 105-78 does require the National Academy of Sciences to study the feasibility of an equivalency scale that would allow comparison of existing tests, and this permits limited test development activity in fourth grade reading and eighth grade mathematics in fiscal year 1998; (5) there is no specific or explicit authority in current Federal law for the proposed federally sponsored national tests in fourth grade reading and eighth grade mathematics; and (6) decisions about national testing will be made through the normal legislative process. Majority and minority Committee member views and supporting information accompanies the report. (SLD) Y1 - 1998/01/30/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 30 SP - 54 KW - National Assessment of Educational Progress KW - Third International Mathematics and Science Study KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Federal Aid KW - Educational Finance KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Federal Government KW - Test Use KW - National Competency Tests KW - Federal Legislation KW - Educational Policy KW - Standards KW - Test Construction KW - Achievement Tests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62441921?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - D.C. Public School 1997 Repair Program and Facilities Master Plan. Hearing before the Subcommittee on the District of Columbia of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight. House of Representatives. One Hundred Fifth Congress, Second Session. AN - 62465681; ED425615 AB - A Congressional hearing dealt with issues related to the repair program and facilities master plan of the District of Columbia Public Schools (DCPS). Opening remarks by Representative Thomas M. Davis outlined his concern over the delayed opening of the DCPS in the fall of 1997 because of uncompleted roof repairs, and the results from a performance audit of the DCPS under contract to the D.C. Control Board. Representative Eleanor Holmes Norton followed, stating her position on the issue of the D.C. Control Board coming to Congress for a legislative solution. The first panel to testify consisted of Mary Filardo, Director, 21st Century School Fund; William R. Lawson, Assistant Regional Administrator, Public Buildings Service, General Services Administration; and Jonathan Miller, Project Manager, Daniel, Mann, Johnson & Mendenhall Architects. The second panel to testify consisted of auditors that conducted a performance audit of the District school system: Andrew Brimmer, Chairman, D.C. Financial Responsibility and Management Assistance Authority; David Cotton, Cotton & Company; Ed Fritts, Senior Manager, Cotton & Company; and Marvin Allmond, Managing Partner, Allmond & Company. The final panel to testify included Anthony Williams, D.C, Chief Financial Officer; Ed Stephenson, Chief Financial Officer, DCPS; Dr. Bruce MacLaury, Chairman, DCPS Emergency Trustee Board; General Julius Becton, Chief Executive Officer, DCPS; and General Charles E. Williams, Chief Operating Officer, DCPS. The transcribed comments and prepared statements are supplemented by letters, statements, and other documents submitted for the record. (JM) Y1 - 1998/01/23/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 23 SP - 179 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160571219 KW - Congress 105th KW - District of Columbia Public Schools KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Educational Facilities Improvement KW - Construction (Process) KW - School Safety KW - Roofing KW - Accountability KW - Repair KW - Financial Problems KW - Public Schools KW - Hearings KW - Compliance (Legal) KW - Audits (Verification) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62465681?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No.105-123. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Family Partnerships: A Continuous Process. Training Guides for the Head Start Learning Community. AN - 62440933; ED424019 AB - Noting that developing a Head Start family partnership is an ongoing process that begins at enrollment and continues through transition out of the program, this guide for directors and staff looks at the process of developing such partnerships and provides the skills and information needed to form meaningful partnerships. Following an introductory section, the guide presents four training modules. Each module details expected outcomes, key concepts, background information, learning activities, and next steps. Handouts are include for each module. Module One, "Partnering with Families," guides and encourages staff in the use of professional practices to engage each family in a family partnership agreement process. Module Two, "Exploring Family Growth," takes an in-depth look at the family's growth and development and provides information for assessing the impact of significant life events. Module Three, "Making Family Goals a Reality," provides staff training on helping families identify and achieve their goals utilizing a six-step approach. Module Four, "Practicing Professionalism," examines strategies surrounding the professional issues of confidentiality, roles and boundaries, mandated reporting and record-keeping. The final section of the guide contains continuing professional development and sources for supplemental information that can assist participants in extending the learning opportunities begun in this guide. (SD) Y1 - 1998/01/12/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 12 SP - 113 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160427401 KW - Project Head Start KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Administrators KW - Practitioners KW - Teachers KW - Workshops KW - High Risk Students KW - Family Environment KW - Family Needs KW - Family Life KW - Staff Development KW - Family Attitudes KW - Family Involvement KW - Partnerships in Education KW - Family School Relationship KW - Preschool Education KW - Parent School Relationship KW - Family Role KW - Parent Participation KW - Resource Materials KW - Training Methods KW - Preschool Children UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62440933?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For other "Training Guides" in this series, see ED N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - TRIGEMINAL CHEMORECEPTION AN - 85279811; cs-269769 AB - The long-term goal of this project is to provide an integrated psychophysical description of the human ability to sense chemical irritants via she trigeminal nerve. Guided by the view that the sensitivity to irritants derives from elements of the nociceptive and thermal senses present in all types of skin, the proposed research will investigate the extent to which this common neural basis influences chemosensory perception throughout the trigeminal system. This objective will be pursued by (1) measuring the sensitivity to irritants across the full diversity of trigeminal regions--the oral cavity, nasal cavity, face and eyes--on a large number of subjects, and inferring from those data the-contributions of local and systemic factors to individual differences; (2) measuring individual differences in sensitization and desensitization produced by two different irritants on two kinds of skin, thus determining whether these phenomena vary locally or systemically; (3) providing the first quantitative investigation of long-term capsaicin desensitization in the trigeminal region and determining if menthol, which was recently found to produce short-term desensitization, has similar long-term hyperalgesic effects; and (4) investigating the role of counterirritation, a form of masking intrinsic to the nociceptive system, on the perception of multiple and/or spatially complex irritant stimuli within the trigeminal field. As well as providing new information about trigeminal chemoreception and the extent to which it may be influenced by systemic (nociceptive) factors, the proposed research will employ a battery of new psychophysical procedures that could prove useful for assessing the incidence, and nature of apparent hypersensitivity syndromes such as contact dermatitis and multiple chemical sensitivities. In addition, studies of long-term desensitization and counterirritation will provide basic information about how these two phenomena may impact on applied issues ranging from the perception and liking of hot and spicy foods to the use of chemical irritants as topical analgesics. JF - JOHN B. PIERCE LABORATORY, INC.; 290 CONGRESS AVE; NEW HAVEN, CT 06519, nih; NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DEAFNESS AND OTHER COMMUNICATION DISORDERS, 1998 AU - GREEN, Barry G PY - 1998 PB - JOHN B. PIERCE LABORATORY, INC.; 290 CONGRESS AVE; NEW HAVEN, CT 06519 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85279811?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=TRIGEMINAL+CHEMORECEPTION&rft.au=GREEN%2C+Barry+G&rft.aulast=GREEN&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NSAIDs and blood pressure. Clinical importance for older patients. AN - 79683936; 9467684 AB - The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antihypertensive medication increases with age to 26% and > 50%, respectively, among the elderly. Overall, 12 to 15% of elderly individuals take at least 1 NSAID and an antihypertensive medication concurrently. A large case-control study of older individuals demonstrated that recent users of NSAIDs had a 1.7-fold increase in risk of initiating antihypertensive therapy compared with non-users. A community-based epidemiological study revealed that NSAID use significantly predicted the presence of hypertension (odds ratio 1.4, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 1.7) in the elderly. Furthermore, among those taking antihypertensive agents in the 65+ Rural Health Study, in Iowa, US, individuals also taking NSAIDs had a mean systolic blood pressure (BP) 4.9 mm Hg higher than non-users of NSAIDs. The hypertensive effect of NSAIDs varies depending on the specific NSAID used and the type of antihypertensive agent, if they are taken concurrently. While the results of randomised, controlled trials in the elderly have been conflicting, 2 meta-analyses involving younger adults have revealed that NSAID use produces a clinically significant increment in mean BP of 5.0 mm Hg, which is most marked in patients with controlled hypertension. Stratification by NSAID type has revealed that piroxicam and indomethacin had the greatest, and sulindac the least, pressor effect. While the mechanisms) of the pressor effect remain speculative, salt and water retention, caused by several factors operating in parallel, coupled with an increased total peripheral vascular resistance via increased renal endothelin-1 synthesis, are potentially important. A 5 to 6 mm Hg increase in diastolic BP maintained over a few years may be associated with a 67% increase in total stroke occurrence and a 15% increase in events associated with coronary heart disease. Clinicians should strive to avoid excessive use of NSAID treatment and consider alternative, well-tolerated therapeutic options, including simple analgesics and physical therapy. For patients who require concomitant NSAID and antihypertensive treatment, clinicians should be aware of the greater hypertensive effect of indomethacin and piroxicam compared with alternative NSAIDs, and the potential for relatively greater antagonism by NSAIDs of the BP-lowering effect of beta-blockers compared with other antihypertensives. Finally, the progress of each patient should be monitored by careful BP measurement particularly during the initiation of NSAID therapy. JF - Drugs & aging AU - Johnson, A G AD - University Department of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. ajohnson@gpo.pa.uq.edu.au Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 17 EP - 27 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 1170-229X, 1170-229X KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Aged KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal -- adverse effects KW - Blood Pressure -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79683936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drugs+%26+aging&rft.atitle=NSAIDs+and+blood+pressure.+Clinical+importance+for+older+patients.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+A+G&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drugs+%26+aging&rft.issn=1170229X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Freud, Film, and Culture T2 - Freud: Conflict and Culture AN - 742212713; 1999068708 AU - Kaplan, E Ann A2 - Roth, Michael S. PY - 1998 SP - 152 EP - 164 PB - Knopf, with Library of Congress SN - 9780679451167 KW - German literature KW - 1800-1899 KW - Freud, Sigmund (1856-1939) KW - prose KW - (treatment of) psychiatrist KW - film KW - dramatic arts KW - Hollywood KW - psychiatrist UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/742212713?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/MLA+International+Bibliography&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Freud%2C+Film%2C+and+Culture&rft.au=Kaplan%2C+E+Ann&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=152&rft.isbn=9780679451167&rft.btitle=Freud%3A+Conflict+and+Culture&rft.title=Freud%3A+Conflict+and+Culture&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - MLA International Bibliography N1 - Update - 199901 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-04 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory simulation of splashes and spills of organophosphate insecticides on chemically protective gloves used in agriculture. AN - 69095953; 9860818 AB - Agricultural workers rely on chemically protective gloves for protection from dermal exposure to insecticides. In Australia the most widely used gloves are manufactured from polyvinyl chloride or nitrile butadiene rubber. During insecticide application splashes and spills frequently occur on the external surfaces of gloves which may compromise the integrity of the membrane. Interaction of two organophosphate insecticides, chlorpyrifos (Lorsban 500 EC(R)) and diazinon (Jetdip(R)), with glove surfaces was investigated in laboratory conditions. The external surface of gloves was treated with concentrated insecticides for one minute and diluted and concentrated insecticides for 24, 36 and 48 hours and later examined by environmental scanning electron microscopy. Two classes of defects, cavities and convexities, were evident in the polyvinyl chloride gloves following all treatments, whereas cracking was significant in the nitrile butadiene rubber gloves after 24 hours. In addition, X-ray energy-dispersive microanalysis was used to evaluate chemical changes on the glove surfaces. Phosphorus and sulfur were useful indicators for organophosphate retention over specific time frames. Results corroborated the need for more robust chemically protective gloves to be developed for routine agricultural use. JF - Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM AU - Canning, K M AU - McQuillan, P AU - Jablonski, W AD - School of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-78, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 155 EP - 167 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1232-1966, 1232-1966 KW - Butadienes KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Nitriles KW - Polyvinyl Chloride KW - 9002-86-2 KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - Diazinon KW - YUS1M1Q929 KW - Index Medicus KW - Permeability KW - Humans KW - Time Factors KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Gloves, Protective -- standards KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Chlorpyrifos -- pharmacology KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Diazinon -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69095953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+agricultural+and+environmental+medicine+%3A+AAEM&rft.atitle=Laboratory+simulation+of+splashes+and+spills+of+organophosphate+insecticides+on+chemically+protective+gloves+used+in+agriculture.&rft.au=Canning%2C+K+M%3BMcQuillan%2C+P%3BJablonski%2C+W&rft.aulast=Canning&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+agricultural+and+environmental+medicine+%3A+AAEM&rft.issn=12321966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-04 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Education and Workforce Development in the Washington, DC Area. Hearing of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session on Examining Regional Economic Development in the Washington, DC Area and the Importance of Education and Training in that Process. It Also Examines Current Obstacles to Economic Growth, such as Poor Student Achievement and Crumbling School Buildings, as well as Regional Solutions to these Problems (January 13-15, 1998). AN - 62551856; ED418263 AB - This transcript contains the testimony of witnesses who testified or submitted written materials for hearings of the U.S. Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources on the following topics: (1) labor market shortages in the information technology jobs from a national perspective and from the perspective of the Washington, DC area; (2) the education crisis that exists in the District of Columbia public schools and the problems of infrastructure as well as educational problems revealed by test scores; and (3) innovative programs and solutions and ways to finance these plans in the Washington, DC region. Witnesses, who included corporation executives, school officials, public agency spokespersons, Senators, and staff of nonprofit programs, stressed the need to improve education in the United States, and especially in Washington, DC, so that students are prepared for the thousands of technology-related jobs that are now unfilled or are being exported overseas. They examined the problems of the Washington, DC schools and suggested improvements. Witnesses also discussed programs that are working and need to be replicated in other schools. (KC) Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 332 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 016056333X KW - Congress 105th KW - District of Columbia KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Educational Needs KW - Employment Qualifications KW - Educational Improvement KW - Labor Needs KW - Employment Problems KW - Information Technology KW - Technology Education KW - Educational Practices KW - Hearings KW - School Effectiveness KW - Labor Market KW - Social Problems KW - Demand Occupations KW - Educational Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62551856?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Choosing Life Skills: A Guide for Selecting Life Skills Programs for Adult and Juvenile Offenders. AN - 62551172; ED418367 AB - Suggestions for teaching selected life skills to adult and juvenile offenders are presented in this document. The general purpose of life skills programming is to help persons live more successfully and to function better in their multiple roles as members of a family, community, and workforce. Life skills training is treated as an educational program emphasizing the world of work, practical living skills, personal growth and management, and social skills. The first section provides guidelines in terms of the process of searching for, evaluating, and making a final selection of products for implementation of a life skills program in a correctional setting. The second part supplies detailed descriptions of a number of commercial products that are appropriate and available for use in this type of program. A quick reference chart of the resources discussed in part 2 makes up part 3. Samples of necessary forms required to carry out a life skills program are provided. (MKA) AU - Coffey, Osa D. AU - Knoll, John F. Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 81 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0328. SN - 0160494672 KW - Reintegration KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Descriptions KW - Delinquent Rehabilitation KW - Daily Living Skills KW - Rehabilitation Programs KW - Training KW - Adults KW - Correctional Institutions KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62551172?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - NAEP 1996 State Assessment Program in Science. Technical Report. AN - 62549337; ED412138 AB - This technical report on the National Association of Educational Progress (NAEP) 1996 State Assessment Program in Science provides an overview of the design, implementation and analysis of the educational assessment including details of sampling design, field administration, preliminary data analysis, and reporting of state results. This report also provides details on the background of the development of the 1996 instrument for science, sample design and selection, state and school cooperation, processing and scoring assessment materials, creation of the database and database products, weighting procedures and variance estimation, theoretical background and philosophy of NAEP scaling procedures, data analysis and scaling for the science assessment program, and conventions used in reporting the results. (DDR) AU - Allen, Nancy L. AU - Swinton, Spencer S. AU - Isham, Steven P. AU - Zelenak, Christine A. Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 447 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160493919 KW - National Assessment of Educational Progress KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Science Education KW - Science Process Skills KW - Academic Achievement KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Standardized Tests KW - National Competency Tests KW - Problem Solving KW - Educational Change KW - Sex Differences KW - Student Evaluation KW - Tables (Data) KW - Hands on Science KW - Academic Standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62549337?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Lists 24 "collaboratons" on title page. For relate N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Parent Involvement in Children's Education: Efforts by Public Elementary Schools. National Center for Education Statistics Statistical Analysis Report. AN - 62547529; ED416027 AB - In response to the National Education Goals panel's recognition of the role that parents can have in children's learning and school performance, the "Survey on Family and School Partnerships in Public Schools K-8" was conducted to determine the ways schools are engaging parents in their children's education and the extent to which parents are responding to those involvement opportunities. Questionnaires were sent to a nationally representative sample of 900 public schools enrolling kindergarten through eigth grade students. The survey looked at the kinds of school-home communication schools establish, kinds of activities schools sponsor, kinds of volunteer activities schools make available, the extent to which parents are included in school decision making, and other factors that influence school efforts to increase parent involvement. Among the findings highlighted are the following: (1) most schools initiated communications with parents to inform them about school curricula and student performance; (2) most schools provided parents with information designed to promote learning at home and on topics related to child-rearing issues; (3) the majority of schools held various activities, such as parent conferences and academic exhibitions, intended to encourage parent involvement; (5) parents were more likely to attend events that featured some interaction with the students' teachers; (6) parent attendance at school-sponsored events varied by geographic region, poverty concentration, and minority enrollment; (7) in general, schools do not include parents in very much school decision making; (8) the majority of schools provided parents opportunities to volunteer both inside and outside the classroom, to assist in fundraising and attend PTA meetings, though the percentage of schools satisfied with the degree of parent participation in these activities decreased as minority and poor student enrollment increased; and (9) lack of time on the part of parents was most often named as the greatest barrier impeding parent involvement. (Three appendices include survey methodology and data reliability and the survey form.) (HTH) AU - Carey, Nancy AU - Lewis, Laurie AU - Farris, Elizabeth Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 57 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-98-032 KW - Goals 2000 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Elementary Education KW - Parent Influence KW - Minority Group Children KW - Parent Role KW - Academic Achievement KW - Educational Improvement KW - Outcomes of Education KW - Public Schools KW - Family School Relationship KW - Parent Student Relationship KW - Poverty KW - Parent School Relationship KW - Parent Participation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62547529?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Creative Partnerships for Prevention. Using the Arts and Humanities to Build Resiliency in Youth. A Drug and Violence Prevention Resource for Schools, Cultural Organizations, and Others Working with Youth. AN - 62547409; ED421449 AB - Providing information on the important role that the arts and humanities can play in prevention efforts, this document offers several activities that draw upon the arts and humanities to increase young people's resiliency. Resiliency refers to children's ability to successfully adapt and develop in healthy ways, despite exposure to risk and adversity. Building resiliency is not something that adults do to or for youth. Rather, it is the process of providing a caring environment, creating opportunities for young people to contribute to their communities, offering positive alternatives for free time, and helping young people make a successful and healthy transition into adulthood. The arts and humanities activities provided in this guide are designed to provide readers with ideas for creating their own innovative learning and skill-building activities that strengthen students' protective factors and help reduce the likelihood that they will become involved with drugs or alcohol. These activities are for teachers, youth-workers, parents, artists and others who interact with young people both in school and during the non-school hours over an extended period of time. Specifically, the activities incorporate creative activities (murals, journal writing, film and video projects, storytelling, dramatic presentations, dances, and recitals) with other efforts involving school community programs. The book includes guidelines for developing creative school community partnerships, as well as general information on the positive effects of creative activities on child and adolescent development. (MJP) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 73 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160495644 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Community KW - Parents KW - Practitioners KW - Teachers KW - Educational Strategies KW - School Community Relationship KW - Educational Objectives KW - Intervention KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Creative Development KW - Child Welfare KW - Outcomes of Education KW - Art Education KW - Student Welfare KW - Prevention KW - Partnerships in Education KW - Enrichment Activities KW - Social Development KW - Creative Activities KW - Humanities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62547409?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Prospects for Reform: The State of American Education and the Federal Role. An Interim Report of the Senate Budget Committee Task Force on Education. AN - 62543144; ED419297 AB - An overview of U.S. academic achievement and the role of the federal government is offered in this report. It looks at scores on national tests, such as the SAT, and finds that although some improvements in math scores are evident, overall, students still score below scores from the 1970s. Furthermore, it is claimed that American students' math knowledge lags behind that of students in other countries. Such conditions raise the question whether schools are receiving adequate federal funding, and it is argued here that they are. Many schools, especially urban schools, are portrayed as being in crisis. Current federal establishments in education do not meet the needs, it is argued, in part because of program overlap and because of the sheer number of employees required to administer federal funds. An assessment of the federal effort shows that the effectiveness of federal programs is typically unknown. This lack of evaluative accountability is blamed on a shortage of results-oriented programs and an "instinctive caution." Research on federal programs has likewise failed to produce accountability. The report claims that real educational change will come through the states and districts and that these administrative bodies be given more latitude in school operations. (RJM) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 42 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - School Restructuring KW - Government School Relationship KW - Government Role KW - Educational Change KW - Decentralization KW - Educational Policy KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Federal Government KW - Accountability UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62543144?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The Copyright Infringement Liability of Online and Internet Service Providers. Hearing on S.1146, a Bill To Amend Title 17, United States Code, To Provide Limitations on Copyright Liability Relating to Material Online, and for Other Purposes. Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session (September 4, 1997). AN - 62541923; ED418703 AB - This Congressional hearing transcript presents testimony on how to best combat the risk of copyright infringement facing content providers on the Internet. The Internet enables users to reproduce perfectly and distribute globally copies of the digital works that represent some of the most valuable products of American creativity. While some of these digital transmissions are legal, many others are not. The challenge is to balance copyright protection to encourage and reward creativity, while promoting accessibility to information. These hearings address the concerns raised by online service providers regarding their potential liability for copyright infringement whey they are involved in making available copyrighted material. Testimony is presented by: Fritz E. Attaway (Motion Picture Association of America); Cary H. Sherman (Recording Industry Association of America); Daniel Burton (Novell, on behalf of the Business Software Alliance and the Software Publishers Association); George Vradenburg, III (American Online, Inc., on behalf of the Ad Hoc Copyright Coalition); Roy Neel (United States Telephone Association); and Robert L. Oakley (Georgetown University Law Center, on behalf of the American Association of Law Libraries). The appendix includes the text of the proposed legislation, and responses of witnesses Attaway, Sherman, Burton, Vradenburg, and Oakley to questions from Senators. A prepared statement on behalf of the Graphic Artists Guild by Daniel Abraham is provided as an additional submission for the record. (SWC) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 123 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160562635 KW - Congress 105th KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Information Dissemination KW - Copyrights KW - Electronic Text KW - Information Retrieval KW - Downloading KW - Legal Responsibility KW - Fair Use (Copyrights) KW - Electronic Libraries KW - Online Vendors KW - Access to Information KW - Information Industry KW - Hearings KW - Federal Regulation KW - Internet KW - Futures (of Society) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62541923?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial number J-105-44. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - A Talented, Dedicated, and Well-Prepared Teacher in Every Classroom. U.S. Department of Education Initiative on Teaching Information Kit. AN - 62541041; ED418088 AB - This information kit discusses the need to have trained, qualified, dedicated teachers in all U.S. classrooms. Section 1 discusses the background of efforts to raise standards in U.S. education and examines the role teachers play. Section 2 describes the current state of the U.S. teaching force, noting that many teachers are underqualified, that the teaching force does not reflect student diversity, and that the nation does not invest adequately in its teachers. Section 3 examines the coming crisis in who will teach the children, explaining that over the next 10 years, the nation will face a tremendous demand for additional teachers; teachers will have to know and do more than ever before in these changing times; and shortages of qualified teachers will affect U.S. communities unevenly. Section 4 examines what is already being done to address issues of teacher quality and presents six objectives for making a difference in teacher quality nationwide. Section 5 explains where the United States must go from here, posing questions that communities, teachers, teacher educators, and professional development planners must ask themselves in order to prepare for the future. The information kit also includes a set of chart masters for making overheads to go with the information provided in the five sections. (SM) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 42 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160494656 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Teacher Role KW - Teaching (Occupation) KW - Preservice Teacher Education KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Higher Education KW - Educational Improvement KW - Teacher Shortage KW - Teacher Recruitment KW - Teacher Qualifications KW - Faculty Development KW - Educational Quality KW - Academic Standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62541041?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Music Violence: How Does It Affect Our Children. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management, Restructuring, and the District of Columbia of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session (November 6, 1997). AN - 62538282; ED418915 AB - This hearing explores the influence of music violence on youth in the District of Columbia. The proceedings include the testimony of witnesses representing the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Recording Industry Association of America, the National Political Congress of Black Women, the Thomas Moore Stork Professor of Communications, a Senator from North Dakota, and a parent from North Dakota. Opening statements were offered by Senators Brownback and Lieberman. The discussion focused on violence as portrayed in popular music and how that graphic violence may influence young people toward violent behavior. The average teen listens to music about 4 hours a day while spending 20 minutes a day in conversation with his/her mother and less than 5 minutes a day in conversation with his/her father. (EH) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 91 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160563240 KW - Congress 105th KW - District of Columbia KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Mass Media Use KW - Crime KW - Delinquency KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Children KW - Violence KW - Mass Media Role KW - Mass Media Effects KW - Music KW - Hearings KW - Aggression KW - Mass Media UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62538282?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The EFC Formula Book: The Expected Family Contribution for Federal Student Aid, 1998-99. AN - 62536326; ED417683 AB - This book provides information to the student financial aid community about the calculation of a student's expected family contribution (EFC). An introduction which uses a question-and-answer format gives background information and guidance for using the proper formula to calculate a student's EFC. The following section provides narrative descriptions of the formulas: for a dependent student, for an independent student without dependents other than a spouse, and for an independent student with dependents other than a spouse. The third section presents the worksheets and tables needed for calculating the EFC for all three formulas. The fourth section presents sample case studies with completed forms for each formula. (DB) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 69 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160494664 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Administrators KW - Practitioners KW - Student Financial Aid KW - Financial Support KW - Self Supporting Students KW - Need Analysis (Student Financial Aid) KW - Federal Aid KW - Federal Programs KW - Higher Education KW - Parent Financial Contribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62536326?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The Drug Threat to Teens in Our Rural Communities. Hearing before the Subcommittee on National Security, International Affairs, and Criminal Justice of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session (DeKalb, IL, July 7, 1997). AN - 62535741; ED419638 AB - A House subcommittee hearing held in DeKalb, Illinois, received testimony on drug abuse problems among young people in small towns and rural areas. Personal experiences of drugs and their effects on young people were described in statements from the mother of a victim of drug-related violence, a former drug dealer, a former drug user and gang member, and a teenager who had never used drugs. Representatives of substance abuse prevention programs, law enforcement, and criminal justice agencies discussed federal, state, and community responsibilities regarding drug abuse prevention; the need to change societal norms related to drugs, alcohol, and violence; goals and activities of the DeKalb County Partnership for a Substance Abuse Free Environment; the increased potency of drugs in the past decade; efforts to deter the international drug trade; prevention strategies in DeKalb schools; health promotion strategies related to substance abuse prevention at colleges; drug use in rural DeKalb County and its relationship to crime; the need to disseminate successful prevention strategies; the effectiveness of community-wide cooperation; and the importance of parents acting as positive role models. A local citizen cited the many failures of the 40-year "war on drugs" and suggested some potential benefits of legalization. (SV) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 94 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160562139 KW - Congress 105th KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Rural Youth KW - Crime KW - Community Action KW - Government Role KW - Illegal Drug Use KW - Rural Areas KW - Prevention KW - High Schools KW - School Role KW - Juvenile Gangs KW - Hearings KW - College Students KW - Change Strategies KW - Youth Problems KW - High School Students KW - Adolescents KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62535741?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Contains photographs and several pages of light or N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, 1995 [CD-ROM]. AN - 62531350; ED420666 AB - The Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) is a system of surveys designed to collect data from primary providers (institutions) of postsecondary education. It is the core postsecondary education data collection program of the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), and has been designed to help NCES report full and complete statistics on the condition of postsecondary education in the United States. It is a single, comprehensive data collection system that encompasses all institutions and organizations that provide postsecondary education as their primary goal. It collects data in such areas as enrollment, program completions, faulty and staff, and financing. This disc, sixth in a series of IPEDS discs, contains one analysis file that includes variables extracted from the five IPEDS survey types covering the academic years 1991-92, 1992-93, 1993-94, 1994-95, and 1995-96. Data are combined into a single file with each record on the file representing a single institution. The analysis file contains the variables (nearly 1,500) considered to be the most useful to the user community. This CD-ROM also contains an ASCII file version of the analysis data for 1995-96, as well as the individual data files and documentation for the current collection year of the following IPEDS surveys: (1) Institutional Characteristics (1995-96); (2) Fall Enrollment (1995-96); (3) Completions (1994-95); (4) Finance (1994-95); and (5) Salaries and Tenure (1995-96). The "IPEDS Manual for Users" is located in the IPEDINFO directory of this disc, and the documentation for each specific file is in the respective subdirectory. An installation guide is included with the CD-ROM. TYPE OF SURVEY: National Survey; Census. POPULATION: Higher Education Institutions. SAMPLE: Higher Education Institutions. RESPONDENTS: Higher Education Institutions. FREQUENCY: Annual. YEAR OF EARLIEST DATA: 1991. YEAR OF LATEST DATA: 1996. (SLD) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 EP - 0 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328 (Stock No. 065-000-01129-8, $15). KW - Data Files KW - Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System KW - Machine Readable Data KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Institutional Characteristics KW - Educational Finance KW - Enrollment KW - College Graduates KW - Higher Education KW - Data Collection KW - National Surveys KW - Optical Data Disks KW - Teacher Salaries KW - College Faculty UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62531350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aeric&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Integrated+Postsecondary+Education+Data+System%2C+1995+%5BCD-ROM%5D.&rft.au=&rft.aulast=Huntley&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 3 - Indexed only N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Federal Subsidies of Advanced Telecommunications for Schools, Libraries, and Health Care Providers. CBO Papers. AN - 62525538; ED415849 AB - The Telecommunications Act of 1996 directs the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to include support for advanced telecommunications--such as the Internet and computer networking--for elementary and secondary schools, public libraries, and nonprofit rural health care providers among the Universal Service Fund (USF) mandates. In its plan, the FCC created a system of sliding-scale subsidies for schools and libraries that would average 60% of eligible expenses. This Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Paper presents the CBO's baseline estimates for federal outlays and revenues under the FCC's May 1997 plan to provide those federal subsidies. CBO estimates that outlays would rise from about $0.6 billion in fiscal year 1998 to $1.2 billion in 1999. After that, outlays are expected to increase by a little more than $0.1 billion per year, reaching $2.4 billion in 2008. CBO assumes that revenues necessary to fund those expenditures will be collected as required and that the USF will be deficit neutral on a fiscal year basis. The paper includes the basis for CBO's estimates of outlays and revenues. In keeping with the CBO's mission to provide impartial information, the paper contains no recommendations. (SWC) Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 33 KW - Access to Services KW - Telecommunications Act 1996 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Computer Networks KW - Federal Aid KW - Grants KW - Educational Finance KW - Public Libraries KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Telecommunications KW - Rural Areas KW - Health Services KW - Information Technology KW - Schools KW - Technology Integration KW - Electronic Equipment KW - Access to Computers KW - Internet UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62525538?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Library Resources for the Blind and Physically Handicapped. A Directory with FY 1997 Statistics on Readership, Circulation, Budget, Staff, and Collections. AN - 62465288; ED425756 AB - This document lists resources for the blind and physically handicapped in National Library Service (NLS) network libraries and machine-lending agencies, arranged alphabetically by state. Within each state, the regional library appears first, followed by subregional libraries (in any) listed alphabetically by city. In several states, two regional libraries have been established; in these instances, the specific service area of each library is shown. County service areas are also listed for subregional libraries, but for libraries that serve 18 or more counties, the outlying or border counties are listed while those in the center of the service area are not. Regional libraries that also function as machine-lending agencies are identified by an asterisk. Separate machine-lending agencies (if any) are listed as the final entry for a state. Regional libraries designated as braille-lending libraries are identified by a number symbol. For libraries not designated as braille-lending libraries, braille collections are listed under the special collections category. Other library resources at the national level are arranged alphabetically by the name of the organization. Each entry indicates eligibility requirements, special media available, subject coverage, and lending policies. Appendices contain tables of statistics on readership and circulation and budget, staff, and collections for Fiscal Year 1997. (AEF) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 120 PB - Reference Section, National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped, Library of Congress, Washington, DC 20542; KW - National Library Service for the Blind KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Library Statistics KW - Information Sources KW - Directories KW - Library Collections KW - Special Libraries KW - Library Services KW - Blindness KW - Library Materials KW - National Libraries KW - Braille KW - Library Networks KW - Regional Libraries KW - Tables (Data) KW - Physical Disabilities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62465288?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Urban Education: Approaches That Work. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Empowerment of the Committee on Small Business. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, Second Session (March 26, 1998). AN - 62456794; ED424324 AB - A hearing was held before the Subcommittee on Empowerment of the House Committee on Small Business to build a record of a lot of things that are working in urban education in high risk zones. In his opening remarks, Representative Souder (Indiana) noted that there is no question but that the best way to combat unemployment and the problems that flow from it is to provide people with the best possible training. For most of the work force, training begins in school. Strengthening basic skills is not exclusively an urban problem, but it is one that is of particular concern in the cities. The purpose of this hearing was not why so many schools are failing, but why some succeed. Five educators who run successful urban schools appeared at the hearing to explain why their schools work. Thaddeus S. Lott, Sr., principal of a charter school district in Houston (Texas), described the experiences of a successful elementary school that used an intensive reading program beginning in kindergarten and direct instruction to raise academic achievement. Vera White, principal of a junior high school in the District of Columbia, achieved academic success with a program that focused on student learning and high expectations and that was supported in a partnership with COMSAT. Comments by hearing participants follow these statements. In the second panel discussion of the hearing, Oscar J. Underwood, headmaster of a Christian college preparatory school (Indiana), spoke about the importance of the educational environment and teacher attitudes. Leah White, administrator of an urban Christian school (Maryland), noted the importance of promoting parent participation and the importance of an atmosphere focused on learning. William Elliott, headmaster of a Christian academy in Philadelphia (Pennsylvania), emphasized the importance of good relationships between teachers and students and the importance of accountability and high standards. Comments from panelists completed the hearing. An appendix contains the prepared statements of the panelists and a letter from Governor George Bush (Texas) about Dr. Lott's Houston school. (SLD) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 194 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160570972 KW - Congress 105th KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Teacher Expectations of Students KW - Program Descriptions KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Teacher Student Relationship KW - Principals KW - Urban Education KW - Academic Achievement KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Urban Schools KW - Instructional Leadership KW - Charter Schools KW - Hearings KW - School Effectiveness KW - Teaching Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62456794?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 105-44. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - What's My Job in Court? An Answer and Activity Book for Kids Who Are Going to Court. AN - 62454836; ED430169 AB - This activity and answer book is designed for children who will be serving as witnesses in court cases. It uses three child characters. The book defines the role of each of the following: judge, prosecutor, victim's advocate, defense attorney, witness, court reporter, clerk of court, and jury. Also explained is the courthouse itself; a drawing of a courtroom shows where court officials, witnesses, etc. sit. Advice on what to do before court is offered. Throughout the booklet an emphasis is placed on telling the truth. A set of rules of the courtroom and activities in the booklet make it clear that it is normal to be upset and nervous and emphasizes that children should let court officials know this when it happens. Children are also reminded that if they don't understand a question to say so and if they are asked about something they don't remember it is okay to say that they don't remember. Also explains what happens when the child's job as witness is over. Activities to reinforce material presented include: connect-the-dots, puzzles, and review questions. Includes a glossary of terms. (MKA) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 29 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. KW - Activity Books KW - Coloring Books KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Definitions KW - Court Litigation KW - Children UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62454836?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - A Progress Report on the Reforms in D.C. Public Schools. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management, Restructuring, and the District of Columbia of the Committee on Governmental Affairs. United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session (September 8, 1997). AN - 62454495; ED430062 AB - A hearing before the oversight committee for the District of Columbia (D.C.) public schools provided the opportunity for several senators and educators to comment on the progress of educational reform in the District's public schools. The hearing was held at a time when the opening of the city's public schools was delayed because of their many safety and code violations. Representative Richard K. Armey spoke about the conditions in the D.C. schools and discussed the school choice legislation he has sponsored. Jeanne Allen, president of the Center for Education Reform, discussed charter schools and emphasized that the priorities of the public school system are not consistent with fundamental education reform. Nina Shokraii of the Heritage Foundation advocated vouchers to allow parents to send their children to schools of their choice. Kent B. Amos discussed a proposal to change the funding of charter schools in the District of Columbia. Bruce K. MacLaury, Chairman of the Emergency Transition Education Board of Trustees of the District of Columbia Public Schools, presented the views of the transitional board about the progress toward school reform in the city's schools and offered support for charter schools. General Julius W. Becton, Jr., the appointed Superintendent of Schools, discussed the condition of the schools in general and outlined some improvements made under his administration, focusing on the ongoing physical plant repairs. An appendix contains the District of Columbia Student Opportunity Scholarship Act of 1997 and some supporting statements, including prepared remarks of those who testified at the hearing. (SLD) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 106 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160562309 KW - Congress 105th KW - District of Columbia Public Schools KW - Reform Efforts KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Academic Achievement KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Educational Facilities Improvement KW - Urban Schools KW - School Safety KW - Educational Improvement KW - Charter Schools KW - Public Schools KW - Educational Change KW - Urban Teaching KW - Hearings KW - School Choice UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62454495?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Job Corps Oversight: Recruitment and Placement Standards. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Human Resources of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session (October 23, 1997). AN - 62450881; ED431916 AB - This congressional hearing focuses on a General Accounting Office (GAO) examination of the Department of Labor's management of Job Corps recruitment and placement contractors. Its focuses are how the contractors demand and measure success in two of the four strategy areas--client commitment and client placement in a job with long-term potential--and the need pointed out in the study's results for a stronger focus on performance and accountability in both areas. Testimony includes statements, letters, and other materials submitted for the record by the following: Representatives in Congress from the States of Virginia, Tennessee, Connecticut, and New York; Associate Directors, Education and Employment Issues, GAO; Deputy Inspector General and Assistant Inspector General, Department of Labor (DOL); Director, Office of Job Corps, DOL; and individuals representing the Clearfield Job Corps Center; Hubert H. Humphrey Job Corps Center; and David L. Carrasco Job Corps Center. (YLB) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 174 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. KW - Congress 105th KW - Job Corps KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Effectiveness KW - At Risk Persons KW - Federal Programs KW - Recruitment KW - Job Placement KW - Hearings KW - Standards KW - Youth Programs KW - Accountability KW - Job Training UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62450881?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For Part II, see CE 078 934. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Mathematics and Science Achievement State by State, 1998. Goal 3: Student Achievement and Citizenship. Goal 5: Mathematics and Science. AN - 62448984; ED422189 AB - The aim of the third National Education Goal is for all U.S. students to be competent in academic subject matter. The aim of the fifth National Education Goal is for U.S. students to perform at world-class levels in mathematics and science. The purpose of this report is to summarize the amount of progress that each state has made in raising student academic achievement in mathematics and science since the National Education Goals were established in 1990. The report contains four pages of information for the United States, each state, the District of Columbia, and five U.S. territories. The first three pages in each set measure progress toward Goal 3, using data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). The fourth page in each set shows how close each state is to achieving Goal 5. It is concluded that the majority of states participating in the NAE have made progress toward Goal 3. (ASK) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 584 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328; World Wide Web: http://www.negp.gov KW - National Assessment of Educational Progress KW - National Education Goals 1990 KW - State Mathematics Assessments KW - State Science Assessments KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Science Education KW - Mathematics Achievement KW - Academic Achievement KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Standards KW - Tables (Data) KW - Test Results UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62448984?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Preventing Child Exploitation on the Internet. Special Hearing before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations. United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, Second Session. AN - 62447981; ED423889 AB - This Congressional Hearing focuses on protecting children from exploitation on the Internet. Opening remarks of Senator Gregg, statements of Senator Hollings, and Senator Mikulski, and statement and summary statement of Hon. Louis J. Freeh, Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Department of Justice, are provided at the beginning of the document. Topics of discussion in the hearing include: CyberTipline; Innocent Images initiative; child abduction and serial killer unit; training; public awareness; Innocent Images cases; national coordination; regional state and local task forces; DNA profiles; private industry assistance; Crimes Against Children Program accomplishments; prepared statement of Louis J. Freeh; implementation of 1998 FBI enhancements; challenges for combating child exploitation; crimes against children; extent of Internet child pornography problem; traveler cases; DNA tracking system; federal, state and local cooperation; caliber of FBI agents; resources needed; St. Mary's College students in Guatemala; and congressional intent. Nondepartmental Witness statement of Ernest E. Allen, president and CEO of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC) and update on progress addressing child sexual exploitation on the Internet, the subcommittee's mandate, and NCMEC report make up the end of the document. (AEF) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 42 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402; SN - 016057482X KW - Child Pornography KW - Child Protection KW - Congress 105th KW - Federal Bureau of Investigation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Crime Prevention KW - Cooperative Programs KW - Federal Programs KW - Safety KW - Sexual Abuse KW - Children KW - Child Abuse KW - Child Welfare KW - Internet UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62447981?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Public Forum on Youth and Tobacco: Breaking the Cycle. Hearing on Examining Proposals To Deter Youth From Using Tobacco Products before the Subcommittee on Public Health and Safety of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session (October 27, 1997). AN - 62446964; ED424527 AB - This publication contains the testimony from a hearing on growth and tobacco use. Statements include: (1) Opening Statement of Senator Bill Frist; (2) Statements of a panel of teens, Brandi Battle, Washington, DC; Kellie Jolly, Tennessee; Nickita Bradley, Maryland; and Josh, Virginia; followed by discussion; (3) Discussion and prepared statements of Scott J. Leischow, Ph.D., Director, Nicotine Dependence Program, Arizona Prevention Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Richard D. Hurt, M.D., Director, Nicotine Dependence Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Michael C. Fiore, M.D., M.P.H., Panel Chair Smoking Prevention and Cessation, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, and Director and Associate Professor, center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin; and Tim McAfee, M.D., M.P.H., Director, Center for Health Promotion, Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound-Kaiser, Seattle, Washington; (4) Prepared Statement of Senator Mike Enzi; (5) Discussion and prepared statements of Paul Schwab, Deputy Administrator, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland; and Joseph R. DiFranza, M.D., University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. (EMK) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 63 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburg, PA 15250-7954. SN - 0160560578 KW - Congress 105th KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Community Problems KW - Smoking KW - Prevention KW - Substance Abuse KW - Community Programs KW - Program Implementation KW - Tobacco KW - Program Development KW - Hearings KW - Youth Problems KW - Health Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62446964?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Transitions: Parents Are Key. Training Guides for the Head Start Learning Community. AN - 62444398; ED424021 AB - Intended to enable parents to support and advocate for their children during transitions, this guide contains training activities and hands-on action tools to help parents and staff work in partnership as children transition into and out of Early Head Start, Head Start, child care settings, and elementary schools. The guide is divided into three sections. The first section, "Users Guide," provides an introduction to the guide, including its purpose, expected outcomes, audience, performance standards, and organization. This section also provides an orientation session to explore the action tools in the guide as a resource for expanding their individual and program efforts to involve parents in transition activities. The second section, "Program and Parent Action Tools," includes nine action tools to help parents and staff understand transition, the key role parents play, and ways to implement the performance standards. These nine action tools are organized into three broad skill categories that enable parents to: (1) support each child; (2) build partnerships; and (3) strengthen advocacy skills. The third and final section of the guide addresses continuing professional development and guides staff and parents in expanding their skills by networking, joining organizations, and further researching the issue of parent involvement in transition. (SD) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 86 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160427541 KW - Project Head Start KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Parents KW - Practitioners KW - Teachers KW - Workshops KW - Parent Empowerment KW - High Risk Students KW - Parent Influence KW - Parent Role KW - Early Childhood Education KW - Staff Development KW - Family Involvement KW - Student Promotion KW - Transitional Programs KW - Day Care KW - Parent Participation KW - Resource Materials KW - Training Methods KW - Preschool Children KW - School Readiness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62444398?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For other "Training Guides" in this series, see ED N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Building on Success. Training Guides for the Head Start Learning Community. AN - 62444357; ED424023 AB - Noting the increasing need for Head Start's efforts to support parents' personal and professional success, this guide for Head Start staff examines the success process at both the individual and the program level, and explores strategies that strengthen the larger community's support for families as they define and build upon success. Following an introductory section, the guide presents three training modules. Each module details expected outcomes, key concepts, background information, learning activities, and next steps. Handouts are included for each module. Module One, "Focusing on Success," provides skill-building in such areas as defining success for oneself, setting priorities, and moving toward goals. Module Two, "Working the Head Start Success Ladder," guides participants in an examination of what Head Start can do to assist individuals as they establish and pursue goals, in particular goals related to economic well-being. Module Three, "Building Success in the Community," expands the focus to the world beyond Head Start by examining the role Head Start plays in fostering a community where all members can achieve their personal visions of success. The final sections of the guide contain information on continuing professional development, and publication and organization resources. Three appendices describe Project Match and Economic Independence; a community framework for Head Start; and elements of federal welfare reform. (SD) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 128 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. KW - Family Support KW - Project Head Start KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Administrators KW - Parents KW - Practitioners KW - Teachers KW - Workshops KW - School Community Relationship KW - High Risk Students KW - Academic Achievement KW - Success KW - Staff Development KW - Skill Development KW - High Achievement KW - Preschool Education KW - Family Programs KW - Goal Orientation KW - Resource Materials KW - Training Methods KW - Preschool Children KW - Organizational Effectiveness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62444357?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For other "Training Guides" in this series, see ED N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - School Age Care: Creative Solutions for Out-of-School Care. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Children and Families of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, Second Session (March 5, 1998). AN - 62444307; ED424034 AB - This hearing received testimony on school-age care. The hearing examined proposals to coordinate federal and state efforts to establish increased programs to provide after-school care for children and to improve academic and social outcomes for students by providing productive activities during after-school hours. Testimony was given by: (1) Senator Christopher J. Dodd, Connecticut; (2) Mary Margaret Oliver, State Senator, Georgia; (3) the associate director of School's Out Consortium/Seattle Most, Seattle, Washington; (4) the president and founder of the Bridgeport Youth Coalition and member of the Bridgeport Board of Education, Bridgeport, Connecticut; (5) Senator Barbara Boxer, California; (6) Edward A. Flynn, chief of police, Arlington, Virginia; (7) Thomas M. Menino, mayor, Boston, Massachusetts; (8) a parent of a child with special health needs; and (9) a program participant from the Chinle Learning Center, the Navajo Nation, Chinle, Arizona. (EV) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 64 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160570565 KW - Congress 105th KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Government Role KW - After School Programs KW - Hearings KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - School Age Day Care KW - Federal State Relationship KW - State Federal Aid UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62444307?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Early Head Start: Goals and Challenges. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Human Resources of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, Second Session (February 19, 1998). AN - 62442817; ED424029 AB - This hearing contains testimony on the Early Head Start program. Testimony was provided by: (1) a director of a state Head Start Association; (2) directors of Head Start programs; (3) a Head Start parent; (4) Olivia A. Golden, Assistant Secretary, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; (5) a state department of social services administrator; (6) a psychology professor; (7) a National Head Start Association administrator; and (8) congressmen from Connecticut and New York. (EV) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 190 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160570069 KW - Congress 105th KW - Early Head Start KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Toddlers KW - Preschool Education KW - Infant Care KW - Government Role KW - Hearings KW - Early Intervention KW - Child Development KW - Compensatory Education KW - Developmental Programs KW - Infants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62442817?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 105-109. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - National Education Testing. Hearing before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations. Special Hearing. United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session (September 4, 1997). AN - 62441606; ED425186 AB - A hearing was held to consider the issues involved in funding the administration's proposals for certain educational testing. After opening remarks by Senators Kennedy (Massachusetts) , Specter (Pennsylvania), and Harkin (Iowa), the Secretary of Education, Richard W. Riley, spoke about the proposed tests. The Clinton Administration and Secretary Riley believe that a rigorous voluntary national testing system in fourth-grade reading and eighth-grade mathematics would determine how well students are achieving in basic skills. The proposed tests are an extension of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) and would use the NAEP framework to hold students to high standards. Secretary Riley emphasized that these tests are voluntary and not designed to be part of a move toward a national curriculum. Senator Specter raised the question of delaying establishing the tests until a better national consensus is reached, and Senator Kennedy also commented favorably on the testing proposal. Senator Faircloth (North Carolina) questioned the usefulness of a voluntary test, and Senator Gregg (New Hampshire) questioned the participation of the Department of Education in the creation of the tests. Additional remarks were made by Senator Jeffords and Representative Goodling (Chairman of the Committee on Education of the House of Representatives), who opposes the voluntary national test. (SLD) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 36 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402; SN - 0160571502 KW - Congress 105th KW - National Assessment of Educational Progress KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Elementary Education KW - Government Role KW - Mathematics Achievement KW - Educational Finance KW - Educational Testing KW - Test Use KW - National Competency Tests KW - Grade 8 KW - Reading Achievement KW - Federal Legislation KW - Grade 4 KW - Hearings KW - Standards KW - Test Construction UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62441606?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Translating the IEP into Everyday Practice. Training Guides for the Head Start Learning Community. AN - 62437396; ED424022 AB - Noting that Head Start has become the largest community-based preschool program providing services to children with disabilities, this guide is intended to build the skills of Head Start staff in effectively using the Individualized Education Program (IEP) to accommodate children with disabilities. Following an introductory section, the guide presents three training modules. Each module details expected outcomes, key concepts, background information, learning activities, and next steps. Handouts are included for each module. Module One, "Laying the Groundwork," provides information to help identify characteristics of the IEP and IFSP (Individualized Family Service Plan), including purpose, benefits, and stages in the development process. Module Two, "What Do I Do Now? Understanding and Implementing the IEP," assists in formulating strategies for translating IEP goals and objectives into classroom activities that reflect developmentally appropriate practice and developing a systematic approach for monitoring ongoing process. Module Three, "Working Together," identifies methods for encouraging collaboration and communication between families, Head Start staff, and related service providers. The final sections of the guide provide strategies supervisors can use to help staff apply new skills and extend their learning, and resource lists of print and audiovisual materials. (SD) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 133 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160427525 KW - Project Head Start KW - Special Needs Children KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Teachers KW - Workshops KW - High Risk Students KW - Inclusive Schools KW - Individualized Instruction KW - Special Needs Students KW - Individualized Family Service Plans KW - Individual Needs KW - Staff Development KW - Preschool Education KW - Disabilities KW - Developmentally Appropriate Practices KW - Resource Materials KW - Training Methods KW - Individualized Education Programs KW - Preschool Children UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62437396?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For other "Training Guides" in this series, see ED N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Trade Unions and Adult Guidance: Case Studies of Best Practice. AN - 62437037; ED422527 AB - Best practices in trade union-sponsored adult guidance programs were identified through five case studies in the United Kingdom and one in Denmark. The case studies from the United Kingdom focused on the following: a partnership between local trade unions and a city center education guidance service supported by a local college of further and higher education, city council, and local training and enterprise council; a national initiative aimed at employees who would otherwise be unlikely to receive training at work, left school at the earliest opportunity, and have few prospects for advancement; a partnership between a university and a local training partnership to provide careers guidance to union members faced with layoffs; a union-management partnership to promote employee"ownership" of learning and ensure that employees develop the skills needed to obtain employment in the event of layoffs; and a trade union-management partnership to help workers achieve National Targets for Education and Training and increase industry understanding and use of National Vocational Qualifications. The Danish case study chronicled union participation in determining the content and methodology of a state-funded training scheme allowing employees with few qualifications to have access to individually tailored adult education and vocational training programs lasting 4-36 weeks. (MN) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 71 PB - Trades Union Congress, Congress House, Great Russell Street, London WC1B 3LS, England, United Kingdom; KW - Denmark KW - National Vocational Qualifications (England) KW - United Kingdom KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Adult Programs KW - Guidance Programs KW - Unions KW - Government School Relationship KW - Case Studies KW - Counseling Services KW - Skill Development KW - Partnerships in Education KW - Job Skills KW - Career Counseling KW - Foreign Countries KW - Counseling Techniques KW - Innovation KW - Educational Practices KW - Program Development KW - Employer Employee Relationship KW - Cooperative Planning KW - School Counseling KW - Education Work Relationship UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62437037?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Some pages contain light type. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Hearing on H.R. 6, the Higher Education Amendments of 1998 Title III and Urban and Community Service Programs. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Postsecondary Education, Training and Life-Long Learning of the Committee on Education and the Workforce. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session (Washington, D.C., on June 26, 1997). AN - 62435895; ED428634 AB - This hearing transcript presents oral and written statements made at a congressional hearing on the Higher Education Amendments of 1998, specifically Title III which supports programs to strengthen institutions and Title XI which encourages colleges and universities to provide urban community service programs. Opening statements by Congressmen Howard P. "Buck" McKeon and Carlos Romero-Barcelo provide an introduction. Statements delivered by the following individuals are then provided: Anne S. McNutt, President, Technical College of the Low Country (South Carolina); Roberto Marrero-Corletto, Chancellor, University of Puerto Rico at Humacao; Frederick S. Humphries, President, Florida A & M University; Thomas Cole, President, Clark Atlanta University (Georgia); Robert A. Corrigan, President, San Franciso State University (California); Charlie Nelms, Chancellor, University of Michigan-Flint; and Elizabeth Van Uum, Assistant to the Chancellor, University of Missouri at St. Louis. Also included are written statements by some of the above individuals and the following additional individuals: Norma Rees, President, California State University-Hayward and John I. Gilderbloom, Director, Urban Studies Institute, University of Louisville (Kentucky). (DB) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 169 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160564867 KW - Congress 105th KW - Higher Education Act Amendments 1998 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - School Community Relationship KW - Cooperative Programs KW - Federal Legislation KW - Community Cooperation KW - Educational Legislation KW - Urban Areas KW - Hearings KW - Higher Education KW - Organizational Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62435895?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Contaminated Frozen Strawberries in School Lunches. Hearing before the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session (June 5, 1997). AN - 62434882; ED424028 AB - This hearing includes testimony on contaminated strawberries in school lunches. Contaminated strawberries were determined to be the cause of an outbreak of hepatitis in the state of Michigan. In addition to statements by the committee members, testimony was given by: (1) Mary Ann Keeffe, Acting Under Secretary, Food Nutrition and Consumer Services, Department of Agriculture; (2) Lon Hatamiya, Administrator, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, accompanied by Craig Beauchamp, Office of the Inspector General, U.S. Department of Agriculture; Harold Margolis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and Fred Shank, Food and Drug Administration; (3) David R. Johnson, the chief executive and medical officer, Community Public Health Agency, Michigan Department of Community Health, Lansing, MI; (4) Thomas W. Schimm, a teacher and parent of a child who contracted hepatitis; and (5) Susan Doneth, a mother and member of the Safe Tables Our Priority (S.T.O.P.), Marshall, MI. An appendix contains additional material submitted for the record, including questions submitted to government agencies by committee members and a letter to the committee. (EV) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 61 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 016057031X KW - Congress 105th KW - Food Poisoning KW - Fruits KW - Hepatitis KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Government School Relationship KW - Government Role KW - Safety KW - Lunch Programs KW - Hearings KW - Child Health KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Nutrition KW - Food Standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62434882?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Safety First: Preventing & Managing Childhood Injuries. Training Guides for the Head Start Learning Community. AN - 62433717; ED424025 AB - Intended to build on emergency response training that Head Start staff receive, this guide assists staff and parents in understanding the causes of childhood injuries, and planning steps to more effectively prevent and manage children's injuries in the Head Start program, at home, and in the community. Following an introductory section, the guide presents three training modules. Each module details expected outcomes, key concepts, background information, learning activities, and next steps. Handouts are included for each module. Module One, "Understanding Childhood Injuries," helps participants understand the common causes of childhood injuries and their relationship to child development. Module Two, "Preventing Childhood Injuries," helps participants create, maintain, and supervise a safe environment in the Head Start program and at home, and also establish and teach safe practices to staff, children, and families. Module Three, "Preparing for and Managing Emergencies," helps participants prepare policies, procedures, and provisions for emergencies and to review injury patterns to improve injury-prevention efforts. The final sections of the guide contain continuing professional development information and resources for further study. Two appendices address safety for young children and provide a health and safety checklist. (SD) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 131 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 016042755X KW - Project Head Start KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Administrators KW - Practitioners KW - Teachers KW - Workshops KW - High Risk Students KW - Injuries KW - Safety KW - Child Health KW - Staff Development KW - Child Welfare KW - Child Safety KW - Safety Education KW - Preschool Education KW - Resource Materials KW - Training Methods KW - Emergency Programs KW - Preschool Children KW - Accident Prevention UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62433717?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For other "Training Guides" in this series, see ED N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Teaching in the New Millennium: How We Can Prepare Today's Teachers for Tomorrow's Schools. Hearing on Examining Innovative Teacher Training Methods and to Provide Information as to How Teachers can Receive Quality Professional Development. Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate. One Hundred Fifth Congress. Second Session (Columbus, OH, June 15, 1998). AN - 62413760; ED424208 AB - A Senate committee met to discuss the appropriate preparation of teachers for schools of the future. Senator James M. Jeffords from Vermont presented an opening statement and discussed the need for high quality, competent teachers. Senator DeWine's opening statement discussed how education has changed over the years and what it still needs to improve. The two panels of experts and witnesses presented their opinions, experiences, and expertise on the subject of teacher education, teacher certification, and teaching. The first panel included: the President of Moyerson Academy (Larry Rowedder); the Superintendent of Toledo Public Schools (Merrill Grant); an associate professor from Central State University (Mary B. Howard); and the Former Dean of Education for Central State University (Edward Wingard). The second panel included: the 1997 National Teacher of the Year at Mayerson Academy (Sharon Draper); the Associate Dean for Academic Affairs at the University of Cincinnati (Arlene Mitchell); the Assistant Superintendent and Co-Director of the Far East Regional Professional Development Center (Anna Marie Vaughn); the Professor of Education, chair-elect of the School of Education at the University of Rio Grande (Chormaine Lepley); and an Associate Professor of Chemistry at Cleveland State University (David Ball). An appendix provides the prepared statements of several individuals interested in improving education and teacher education (teachers, administrators, and university professors). (SM) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 74 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160574137 KW - Congress 105th KW - Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Excellence in Education KW - Teacher Improvement KW - Preservice Teacher Education KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Higher Education KW - Teacher Competencies KW - Teacher Certification KW - Inservice Teacher Education KW - Hearings KW - Educational Innovation KW - Faculty Development KW - Futures (of Society) KW - Educational Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62413760?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Matching Yourself with the World of Work, 1998. AN - 62393982; ED439271 AB - This booklet, which is designed to help individuals match themselves with jobs, discusses the common skills, abilities, and habits all employees need to bring to a job, as well as occupation-specific characteristics and skills. The first half of the booklet is a discussion of considerations in choosing a career that covers the following topics: (1) importance of making a good career choice; (2) mathematics and English skills required for most jobs; (3) sources of additional information on career choice; (4) personal and job characteristics (mathematics, English, science, computer, artistic, creative, persuasive, and interpersonal skills; mechanical ability; leadership and managerial ability); (5) personal skills and abilities; (6) work characteristics (travel between worksites, overnight travel, hazardous duties or conditions, operation of machinery or equipment, outdoor work, irregular work schedule, job stress, physical demands, economic sensitivity, geographic concentration); (7) occupational characteristics; and (8) education and training. The second half of the booklet is a table that classifies approximately 250 jobs according to 22 characteristics in the following four categories: personal skills and abilities; work characteristics; occupational characteristics; and education and training requirements. The jobs are divided into the following nine categories: executive, administrative, and managerial; professional and technical; marketing and sales; administrative support and clerical; service; mechanics, installers, and repairers; construction trades; production; and miscellaneous. (MN) AU - Savisaar, Erik A. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 21 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Students KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Skilled Occupations KW - Professional Occupations KW - White Collar Occupations KW - Educational Needs KW - Decision Making KW - Employment Qualifications KW - Blue Collar Occupations KW - Job Skills KW - Finance Occupations KW - Office Occupations KW - Definitions KW - Career Education KW - Work Environment KW - Electrical Occupations KW - Education Work Relationship KW - Clerical Occupations KW - Sales Occupations KW - Occupational Clusters KW - Insurance Occupations KW - Employment Opportunities KW - Career Choice KW - Service Occupations KW - Secondary Education KW - Health Occupations KW - Personality Traits KW - Energy Occupations KW - Semiskilled Occupations KW - Technical Occupations KW - Managerial Occupations KW - Labor Market KW - Tables (Data) KW - Demand Occupations KW - Building Trades UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62393982?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Reprinted from the Fall 1998 issue of the "Occupat N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Fostering Program Governance. Training Guides for the Head Start Learning Community. AN - 62381637; ED436244 AB - This technical guide is a training tool to help members of Head Start governing bodies, policy groups, agency directors, and Head Start and Early Head Start directors understand their responsibilities in a Head Start environment that emphasizes shared decision-making. The guide offers a framework for clarifying expectations and provides concrete, practical information that can be used in the context of a local agency's unique history, issues, resources, and priorities. The guide contains the following modules: (1) "Understanding the Role of the Governing Body"; and (2) "Using the Tools of Governance in Shared Decision-Making." Both modules begin with activities to introduce the basic concepts; remaining activities are designed to allow all participants to clarify and practice skills. Each module contains "outcomes,""key concepts," and "background information." The final sections of the guide contain activities for participants to apply the skills learned to their own programs, and a list of about 52 annotated resources for further information on module topics. (EV) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 80 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160427738 KW - Project Head Start KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Participative Decision Making KW - Administrators KW - Training KW - Preschool Education KW - Administration KW - Administrator Guides KW - Board Administrator Relationship KW - Governance KW - Decision Making KW - Governing Boards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62381637?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Well-Child Health Care: Making It Happen. Training Guides for the Head Start Learning Community. AN - 62379951; ED435468 AB - Noting that by assuring well-child health care, screening, assessment, and follow-up for every child, Head Start can make a significant difference in children's lives, this training guide is intended to provide support to enhance the quality of Head Start well-child health care. The three training modules of the guide are organized to provide learning opportunities in workshops or smaller sessions. Each module contains: (1) outcomes; (2) key concepts; (3) background information; (4) questions for discussion and reflection; (5) learning activities; (6) points to consider; (7) next step ideas to extend practice; and (8) handouts. Module one, "What Is Well-Child Health Care and Why Is It Important?" addresses the importance of well-child health care and linking a family to a medical home. Module two, "Partnerships in Ongoing Well-Child Health Care," addresses the importance of supporting parents as health care consumers by accessing the available services in their communities. Module three, "Advocacy, Action, and Access," addresses the importance of reaching out into the community for collaborations that could improve delivery of services to children and families, and advocating for change where services are missing. The guide concludes with sections on continuing professional development for Head Start staff and additional resources. Appendices include recommendations for well-child health care, well-child health care fact sheets, and blank records and forms for use by participants. (Contains an annotated bibliography and contact information for national organizations. (SD) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 172 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. KW - Project Head Start KW - Training Materials KW - Well Child Care KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Support Staff KW - Teachers KW - Workshops KW - Health Programs KW - Training KW - Child Health KW - Childhood Needs KW - Professional Development KW - Child Welfare KW - Health Services KW - Preschool Education KW - Child Advocacy KW - Child Development KW - Preventive Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62379951?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For related Training Guide on "Infant and Toddler N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Adult Literacy in OECD Countries: Technical Report on the First International Adult Literacy Survey. AN - 62307438; ED445117 AB - In December 1995, the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) and Statistics Canada jointly published the results of the first International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS). For this survey, representative samples of adults aged 16 to 65 were interviewed and tested in their homes in Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. This report describes how the survey was conducted in each country and presents all available evidence on the extent of bias in each country's data. Potential sources of bias, including sampling error, non-sampling error, and the cultural appropriateness and construct validity of the assessment instruments, are discussed. The chapters are; (1) "Introduction" (Irwin S. Kirsch and T. Scott Murray); (2) "Sample Design" (Nancy Darcovich); (3) "Survey Response and Weighting" (Nancy Darcovich); (4) "Non-Response Bias" (Nancy Darcovich, Marilyn Binkley, Jon Cohen, Mats Myrberg, and Stefan Persson); (5) "Data Collection and Processing" (Nancy Darcovich and T. Scott Murray); (6) "Incentives and the Motivation To Perform Well" (Stan Jones); (7) "The Measurement of Adult Literacy" (Irwin S. Kirsch, Ann Jungeblut, and Peter B. Mosenthal); (8) "Validity Generalization of the Assessment across Countries" (Don Rock); (9) "An Analysis of Items with Different Parameters across Countries" (Marilyn R. Binkley and Jean R. Pignal); (10) "Scaling and Scale Linking" (Kentaro Yamamoto); (11) "Proficiency Estimation" (Kentaro Yamamoto and Irwin S. Kirsch); (12) "Plausibility of Proficiency Estimates" (Richard Shillington); and (13) "Nested-Factor Models for the Swedish IALS Data" (Bo Palaszewski). Fourteen appendixes contain supplemental information, some survey questionnaires, and additional documentation for various chapters. (Contains 94 tables, 12 figures, and 74 references.) (SLD) AU - Murray, Scott T. AU - Kirsch, Irwin S. AU - Jenkins, Lynn B. Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 457 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160493722 KW - Canada KW - Europe KW - Organisation for Economic Cooperation Development KW - United States KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Adult Literacy KW - International Studies KW - Foreign Countries KW - Research Methodology KW - Surveys KW - Adults KW - Tables (Data) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62307438?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Tobacco Use among U.S. Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups--African Americans, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics: A Report of the Surgeon General. Executive Summary. AN - 62233559; ED456392 AB - Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States and certain racial and ethnic minority groups are at higher risk for using tobacco. This is the first Surgeon General's report to focus on tobacco use among these four racial and ethnic minority groups. It provides a single, comprehensive source of data on each group's pattern of tobacco use and presents information on national and regional efforts to curtail consumption of tobacco products. Preventing health problems related to tobacco use among these individuals will be integral to achieving the Healthy People 2000 objectives. Following the introduction in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 illustrates how patterns of tobacco use differ among the groups. Chapter 3 compares the groups in terms of the incidence and prevalence of death rates for diseases commonly associated with tobacco use. Chapter 4 analyzes the smoking-related health status of these groups to determine if there is a differential risk for tobacco addiction. Chapter 5 discusses tobacco control and education efforts among members of the four ethnic minority groups. (Contains 43 references.) (JDM) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 31 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328 (processing code 7813, $20). KW - African Americans KW - Pacific Islands KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Smoking KW - Prevention KW - Mortality Rate KW - Minority Groups KW - Blacks KW - Tobacco KW - Asian Americans KW - Government Publications KW - American Indians KW - Alaska Natives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62233559?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Prepared by the U.S. Department of Health and Huma N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cash versus Care: Implications for Social Welfare T2 - International Sociological Association AN - 61781075; 98S34410 AB - Argues that within the vast bulk of work undertaken on the welfare state, cash transfers have come to be regarded as the paradigmatic welfare state activity, although social services certainly make an appearance. Ways that transfers in kind differ from transfers made in cash are analyzed, noting implications for the understanding of contemporary social policy. JF - International Sociological Association AU - Gibson, Diane M Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 KW - Welfare State KW - Delivery Systems KW - Welfare Services KW - Social Welfare KW - proceeding KW - 2187: social problems and social welfare; social service programs/delivery systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61781075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=International+Sociological+Association&rft.atitle=Cash+versus+Care%3A+Implications+for+Social+Welfare&rft.au=Gibson%2C+Diane+M&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Sociological+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-10 N1 - Publication note - 1998 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Privatisation of the Institutional Care Sector: Australia and the United Kingdom T2 - International Sociological Association AN - 61746114; 98S34411 AB - Compares the Australian & UK long-term institutional care programs in terms of their capacity to deliver efficient, equitable, & responsive services, & considers the extent to which the two systems fall in the relatively broad terrain defined by the term "quasi market." Elements oriented to either marketization or bureaucratic regulation models of care are identified. JF - International Sociological Association AU - Gibson, Diane M AU - Means, Robin Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 KW - Health Care KW - Privatization KW - Delivery Systems KW - Residential Institutions KW - Australia KW - United Kingdom KW - proceeding KW - 2045: sociology of health and medicine; sociology of medicine & health care UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61746114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Ecology&rft.atitle=Temperature+tolerances+of+toxic+dinoflagellate+cysts%3A+application+to+the+treatment+of+ships%27+ballast+water&rft.au=Hallegraeff%2C+G+M%3BValentine%2C+J+P%3BMarshall%2C+J-A%3BBolch%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Hallegraeff&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Ecology&rft.issn=13862588&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-10 N1 - Publication note - 1998 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dimensions of Spiritual Meaning and Well-Being in the Lives of Ten Older Australians AN - 61622470; 9913885 AB - Examines how 10 prominent older Australians, ages 65+, impart a sense of spiritual meaning to their lives, via a secondary analysis of published interviews conducted by Caroline Jones on the Australian Broadcast Corp's radio program, "The Search for Meaning." The interviews explicitly address personal meaning, & focusing on nonroutine or spiritual aspects. The topics addressed are global sense of meaning, altruistic behavior, transcendent experiences, life review, & wisdom. Acquiring knowledge emerges as a global life purpose; altruistic behavior is prevalent, transcendent experiences are reported with frequency; life review & wisdom underscore both a sense of coherence & the continuity of personal characteristics over the life span, & a decidedly optimistic orientation toward human nature. The impression gained is one of older persons with an integrated & often deep & spiritual orientation toward their lives. 24 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - International Journal of Aging and Human Development AU - Meddin, Jacob Robert AD - Curtin U of Technology GPO Box U 1987 Perth 6001 Western Australia Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 SP - 163 EP - 175 VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0091-4150, 0091-4150 KW - Meaning KW - Well Being KW - Religiosity KW - Religious Orientations KW - Elderly KW - Australia KW - article KW - 2143: social problems and social welfare; social gerontology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61622470?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Aging+and+Human+Development&rft.atitle=Dimensions+of+Spiritual+Meaning+and+Well-Being+in+the+Lives+of+Ten+Older+Australians&rft.au=Meddin%2C+Jacob+Robert&rft.aulast=Meddin&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Aging+and+Human+Development&rft.issn=00914150&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - IJADDT N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Elderly; Australia; Religiosity; Religious Orientations; Well Being; Meaning ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toward Democracy or to the New Authoritarianism: The Case of Croatia AN - 61483956; 9917567 AB - Those skeptical about the ability of formerly communist parts of Europe to develop democratic, market-oriented societies claim that the weight of counterdemocratic cultural & ideological forces cannot be overcome in the near future. Analyzed here is how different demographic & socioeconomic characteristics (eg, gender, age, education, income, region, & religiosity), as well as the subjective variable of self-identification, can influence values, beliefs, & attitudes toward democracy as a political system, along with support for past, present, & future political regimes. Data from the 1995 World Value Survey for Croatia (N = 1,189 respondents) reveal that, in Croatia, demographic variables have a clear influence on values & attitude formation. Extreme supporters for democracy are those who exercise authoritarian attitudes (no distinction is made here between democracy as a political system & the present regime). It is argued that rejection of the present regime cannot be interpreted as rejection of democratic institutions or as lack of democratic value, but as rejection of corruption, nationalism, & social disintegration in general. 14 Tables, 26 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Humboldt Journal of Social Relations AU - Sekulic, Dusko AU - Sporer, Zeljka AD - Dept of Sociology Flinders U of South Australia, GPO Box 2100 Adelaide 5001 South Australia Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 SP - 129 EP - 169 VL - 24 IS - 1-2 SN - 0160-4341, 0160-4341 KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Postcommunist Societies KW - Social Attitudes KW - Croatia KW - Beliefs KW - Democracy KW - Eastern Europe KW - Value Orientations KW - Sociodemographic Characteristics KW - article KW - 0770: social change and economic development; capitalism/socialism-world systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61483956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Humboldt+Journal+of+Social+Relations&rft.atitle=Toward+Democracy+or+to+the+New+Authoritarianism%3A+The+Case+of+Croatia&rft.au=Sekulic%2C+Dusko%3BSporer%2C+Zeljka&rft.aulast=Sekulic&rft.aufirst=Dusko&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Humboldt+Journal+of+Social+Relations&rft.issn=01604341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - HJSRAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Eastern Europe; Croatia; Postcommunist Societies; Democracy; Sociodemographic Characteristics; Socioeconomic Factors; Value Orientations; Beliefs; Social Attitudes ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Annual report: fiscal year 1997 AN - 59976428; 1999-1104840 AB - Annual report of the Government Printing Office; operating and financial performance, customer outreach, and other issues. On cover: GPO: an agency in transition. JF - United States Government Printing Office, 1998. vi+80 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - vi+80 PB - United States Government Printing Office KW - United States -- Government printing office UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59976428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=vi%2B80&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Annual+report%3A+fiscal+year+1997&rft.title=Annual+report%3A+fiscal+year+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Govt Printing Office pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s), chart(s), index(es) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Weak computer security in government: is the public at risk? hearing, May 19, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-609 AN - 59975871; 1998-1106920 AB - Examines national security challenges in international computer networking, and in dependence of all levels of the public and private sector on computer information systems; focus on potential disruptions of vital systems by hackers or terrorists. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+203 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+203 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160574560 KW - Internal security -- United States KW - United States -- Information policy KW - United States -- Defenses KW - Computer networks -- Security measures KW - Internet -- Security measures KW - Infrastructure -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59975871?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B203&rft.isbn=0160574560&rft.btitle=Weak+computer+security+in+government%3A+is+the+public+at+risk%3F+hearing%2C+May+19%2C+1998&rft.title=Weak+computer+security+in+government%3A+is+the+public+at+risk%3F+hearing%2C+May+19%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057456-0) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Telepresence: hearing, April 30, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-761 AN - 59973913; 1999-1106300 AB - Examines technologies of human-machine interfaces, such as virtual environments, teleoperators, and communication networks. Systems which extend a human operator's sensory-motor facilities and problem solving abilities to a remote environment, for example "telerobots". JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+65 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+65 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160578760 KW - Robots -- United States KW - Virtual reality -- United States KW - Technological innovations -- United States KW - Telecommunications -- Research KW - United States -- Technology policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59973913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=172&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057876-0) pa N1 - Document feature - chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Counterterrorism: evaluating the 5-year plan: special hearing, [March 31, 1998] T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-711 AN - 59973395; 1999-0207270 AB - Examines issues for a proposed federal interagency counterterrorism and technology crime plan; role of the Justice Department, FBI, and other government agencies. Addresses prevention, deterrence, crisis management, consequence management, cyber-terrorism, critical technologies, and research and development (R&D). JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+53 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+53 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160577519 KW - Internal security -- United States KW - Terrorism -- United States KW - United States -- Defenses KW - Terrorism -- International aspects KW - Counterterrorism -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59973395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B53&rft.isbn=0160577519&rft.btitle=Counterterrorism%3A+evaluating+the+5-year+plan%3A+special+hearing%2C&rft.title=Counterterrorism%3A+evaluating+the+5-year+plan%3A+special+hearing%2C&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057751-9) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Information security: hearing, September 23, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-786 AN - 59973284; 1999-0206890 AB - Examines the security of Federal computer systems, focusing on security of the private and sensitive information kept on the government's computers about each American, and security problems at the Veterans Affairs Department and the Social Security Administration. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+200 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+200 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160579201 KW - Information processing systems -- Government use KW - United States -- Veterans affairs department KW - Privacy -- United States KW - United States -- Social security administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59973284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0160489695&rft.btitle=Teachers%27+Working+Conditions.+Findings+from+%22The+Condition+of+Education%2C+1996%2C%22+No.+7.&rft.title=Teachers%27+Working+Conditions.+Findings+from+%22The+Condition+of+Education%2C+1996%2C%22+No.+7.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057920-1) pa N1 - Document feature - chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Foreign terrorists in America: five years after the World Trade Center: hearing, February 24, 1998, on examining the extent of and policies to prevent foreign terrorist operations in America T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. Serial no. J-105-75 S. hearing 105-703 AN - 59972782; 1999-0108140 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+179 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+179 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160577284 KW - Radicalism -- United States KW - Terrorism -- United States KW - New York, New York -- World trade center KW - Bombings (political) -- United States -- New York (state) KW - Counterterrorism -- United States KW - United States -- Law enforcement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59972782?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B179&rft.isbn=0160577284&rft.btitle=Foreign+terrorists+in+America%3A+five+years+after+the+World+Trade+Center%3A+hearing%2C+February+24%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+the+extent+of+and+policies+to+prevent+foreign+terrorist+operations+in+America&rft.title=Foreign+terrorists+in+America%3A+five+years+after+the+World+Trade+Center%3A+hearing%2C+February+24%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+the+extent+of+and+policies+to+prevent+foreign+terrorist+operations+in+America&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057728-4) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s), chart(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Proceedings of the 7th annual Federal Depository Library Conference, April 20-23, 1998 AN - 59970372; 1998-1102100 AB - Examines public service guidelines for government information in electronic formats, and related topics, including use of federal bulletin boards, digital library projects, and web page development. JF - United States Government Printing Office, 1998. xiv+181 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - xiv+181 PB - United States Government Printing Office KW - Libraries, Depository -- Automation KW - Electronic publishing -- United States KW - Government information -- Information processing systems KW - United States -- Information policy KW - Government information -- Web sites KW - Government publications -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59970372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0160489644&rft.btitle=Realizing+the+Potential%3A+Improving+Postsecondary+Teaching%2C+Learning%2C+and+Assessment.&rft.title=Realizing+the+Potential%3A+Improving+Postsecondary+Teaching%2C+Learning%2C+and+Assessment.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Govt Printing Office pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Retirement security policy: proposals to preserve and protect Social Security: hearing, September 9, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-960 AN - 59970196; 1999-0908550 AB - United States. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+109 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+109 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016058471X KW - Retirement income -- United States KW - Social insurance -- United States KW - Social and economic security -- United States KW - United States -- Social policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59970196?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B109&rft.isbn=016058471X&rft.btitle=Retirement+security+policy%3A+proposals+to+preserve+and+protect+Social+Security%3A+hearing%2C+September+9%2C+1998&rft.title=Retirement+security+policy%3A+proposals+to+preserve+and+protect+Social+Security%3A+hearing%2C+September+9%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-058471-X) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Teaching in the new millennium: how we can prepare today's teachers for tomorrow's schools: hearing, June 15, 1998, on examining innovative teacher training methods and to provide information as to how teachers can receive quality professional development T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-597 AN - 59969578; 1998-1011660 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+69 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+69 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160574137 KW - Teachers -- Training KW - Innovation in education -- United States KW - United States -- Educational policy KW - Teaching -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59969578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0160489490&rft.btitle=International+Education+Indicators%3A+A+Time+Series+Perspective.&rft.title=International+Education+Indicators%3A+A+Time+Series+Perspective.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057413-7) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The safety of food imports: hearing: pt. 1, May 14, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-516 (pt. 1) AN - 59969184; 1998-1011340 AB - Discusses effects of the increasing volume of imported food on the US food supply, and the efficiency and effectiveness of federal agencies charged with ensuring safety by inspections at the ports of entry and other means. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+287 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+287 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160571324 KW - Food supply -- United States KW - Food contamination and inspection -- United States KW - Food industry -- Export-import trade KW - United States -- Agricultural sector UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59969184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B287&rft.isbn=0160571324&rft.btitle=The+safety+of+food+imports%3A+hearing%3A+pt.+1%2C+May+14%2C+1998&rft.title=The+safety+of+food+imports%3A+hearing%3A+pt.+1%2C+May+14%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057132-4) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - S. 1868: the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998: hearing, May 12 and June 17, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-591 AN - 59969165; 1998-1011260 AB - Discusses religious persecution abroad, and US legislation to address this human rights problem. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+136 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+136 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160573866 KW - Human rights -- International aspects KW - United States -- Foreign relations KW - Religious liberty -- United States -- Legislation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59969165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=Charlene&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0160489334&rft.btitle=Federal+Support+for+Education.+Fiscal+Years+1980+to+1996.&rft.title=Federal+Support+for+Education.+Fiscal+Years+1980+to+1996.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057386-6) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Alzheimer's disease: special hearing, [March 24, 1998] T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-555 AN - 59969087; 1998-1010900 AB - Discusses increasing the funding of the National Institutes of Health to allow for additional Alzheimer's research, symptoms and extent of the disease, and potential treatments. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+32 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+32 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016057255X KW - Medical research -- Finance KW - Alzheimer's disease -- United States KW - United States -- Health policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59969087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B32&rft.isbn=016057255X&rft.btitle=Alzheimer%27s+disease%3A+special+hearing%2C&rft.title=Alzheimer%27s+disease%3A+special+hearing%2C&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057255-X) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Equity in Prescription Insurance and Contraceptive Coverage Act: hearing, July 21, 1998, on S. 766, to require equitable coverage of prescription contraceptive drugs and devices, and contraceptive services under health plans T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-604 AN - 59969085; 1998-1010670 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+33 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+33 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160574323 KW - Women -- Medical care KW - Health insurance -- Legal aspects KW - Women -- Equal rights KW - United States -- Health policy KW - United States -- Food and drug administration KW - Contraceptives -- Legal aspects KW - Birth control -- Legal aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59969085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=016048961X&rft.btitle=The+Schools+and+Staffing+Survey.+Recommendations+for+the+Future.+Conference+Proceedings.&rft.title=The+Schools+and+Staffing+Survey.+Recommendations+for+the+Future.+Conference+Proceedings.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057432-3) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Encryption: hearing, March 19, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-322 AN - 59968623; 1998-1011430 AB - On the administration's encryption proposal restricting exports containing encryption technology unless these products have a key recovery, and its effect on law enforcement, national security, and domestic industry; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. v+185 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - v+185 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160573874 KW - Internal security -- United States KW - Cryptography -- Regulation KW - Communication, Interception of -- United States KW - Internal security, Industrial -- United States KW - Computer networks -- Security measures KW - Communication equipment industry -- Export-import trade -- Regulation KW - United States -- Technology policy KW - Information processing systems -- Security measures KW - Data transmission systems -- Security measures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59968623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=v%2B185&rft.isbn=0160573874&rft.btitle=Encryption%3A+hearing%2C+March+19%2C+1997&rft.title=Encryption%3A+hearing%2C+March+19%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057387-4) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Cigarette advertising and the First Amendment to the Constitution: hearing, February 10, 1998, on S. 1530, a bill to resolve ongoing tobacco litigation, to reform the civil justice system responsible for adjudicating tort claims against companies that manufacture tobacco products, and establish a national tobacco policy for the United States that will decrease youth tobacco use and reduce the marketing of tobacco products to young Americans T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. Serial no. J-105-73 S. hearing 105-541 AN - 59968541; 1998-1011210 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+84 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+84 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160572096 KW - Tobacco industry -- United States -- Legislation KW - Advertising -- Children, Appeal to KW - United States -- Constitution -- First amendment KW - Tobacco industry -- Legal aspects KW - Advertising -- Cigarette industry -- Regulation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59968541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Medrich%2C+Elliott&rft.aulast=Medrich&rft.aufirst=Elliott&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0160489709&rft.btitle=Preparation+for+Work.+Findings+from+%22The+Condition+of+Education%2C+1996%2C%22+No.+8.&rft.title=Preparation+for+Work.+Findings+from+%22The+Condition+of+Education%2C+1996%2C%22+No.+8.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057209-6) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Vision 2020 National Parks Restoration Act: hearings: pt. 1, April 1 and 30, 1998, on S. 624, to establish a competitive process for the awarding of concession contracts in units of the National Park System, and for other purposes; S. 1693, to renew, reform, reinvigorate, and protect the National Park System T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-579 (pt. 1) AN - 59968073; 1998-1010630 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+130 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+130 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160573459 KW - Public lands -- United States -- Legislation KW - United States -- National park service KW - Parks, National -- United States -- Legislation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59968073?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B130&rft.isbn=0160573459&rft.btitle=Vision+2020+National+Parks+Restoration+Act%3A+hearings%3A+pt.+1%2C+April+1+and+30%2C+1998%2C+on+S.+624%2C+to+establish+a+competitive+process+for+the+awarding+of+concession+contracts+in+units+of+the+National+Park+System%2C+and+for+other+purposes%3B+S.+1693%2C+to+renew%2C+reform%2C+reinvigorate%2C+and+protect+the+National+Park+System&rft.title=Vision+2020+National+Parks+Restoration+Act%3A+hearings%3A+pt.+1%2C+April+1+and+30%2C+1998%2C+on+S.+624%2C+to+establish+a+competitive+process+for+the+awarding+of+concession+contracts+in+units+of+the+National+Park+System%2C+and+for+other+purposes%3B+S.+1693%2C+to+renew%2C+reform%2C+reinvigorate%2C+and+protect+the+National+Park+System&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057345-9) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Solution of disapproval of the Jackson-Vanik waiver for Vietnam: hearing, July 7, 1998, on S.J. Res. 47 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-933 AN - 59967753; 1999-0915360 AB - Examines Clinton administration decision to renew the waiver, and congressional opposition; focus on Vietnamese emigration policy. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+201 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+201 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160583888 KW - Executive-legislative relations -- United States KW - United States -- Economic relations -- Vietnam KW - Vietnam -- Immigration policy KW - Vietnam -- Economic relations -- United States KW - Immigration and emigration KW - United States -- Commercial policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59967753?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Binkley%2C+Marilyn&rft.aulast=Binkley&rft.aufirst=Marilyn&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0160489571&rft.btitle=Reading+Literacy+in+an+International+Perspective%3A+Collected+Papers+from+the+IEA+Reading+Literacy+Study.&rft.title=Reading+Literacy+in+an+International+Perspective%3A+Collected+Papers+from+the+IEA+Reading+Literacy+Study.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-058388-8) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Substance abuse: the science of addiction and options for treatment: hearing, July 28, 1998, on examining measures to provide for nondiscriminatory coverage for substance abuse treatment services under private group and individual health coverage, focusing on scientific evidence with regard to substance abuse and addiction and the effectiveness of certain prevention and treatment strategies (on S. 1147, and provisions of H.R. 2409) T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-645 AN - 59966696; 1998-1207380 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+77 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+77 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160576326 KW - Drug abuse -- Prevention KW - Drug addicts -- Rehabilitation KW - United States -- Social conditions KW - Health insurance -- United States -- Legislation KW - Alcoholism -- Rehabilitation KW - Substance abuse KW - Drug addicts -- Care and treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59966696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B77&rft.isbn=0160576326&rft.btitle=Substance+abuse%3A+the+science+of+addiction+and+options+for+treatment%3A+hearing%2C+July+28%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+measures+to+provide+for+nondiscriminatory+coverage+for+substance+abuse+treatment+services+under+private+group+and+individual+health+coverage%2C+focusing+on+scientific+evidence+with+regard+to+substance+abuse+and+addiction+and+the+effectiveness+of+certain+prevention+and+treatment+strategies+%28on+S.+1147%2C+and+provisions+of+H.R.+2409%29&rft.title=Substance+abuse%3A+the+science+of+addiction+and+options+for+treatment%3A+hearing%2C+July+28%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+measures+to+provide+for+nondiscriminatory+coverage+for+substance+abuse+treatment+services+under+private+group+and+individual+health+coverage%2C+focusing+on+scientific+evidence+with+regard+to+substance+abuse+and+addiction+and+the+effectiveness+of+certain+prevention+and+treatment+strategies+%28on+S.+1147%2C+and+provisions+of+H.R.+2409%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057632-6) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Myths and facts of S. 10's juvenile recordkeeping requirements: hearing, March 9, 1998, on S. 10, a bill to reduce violent juvenile crime, promote accountability by juvenile criminals, punish and deter violent gang crime, and for other purposes T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. Serial no. J-105-85 S. hearing 105-585 AN - 59966308; 1998-1210290 AB - Improving access to criminal histories of young offenders, state expungement practices, and other issues; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+53 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+53 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160574374 KW - Juvenile justice -- Information processing systems KW - Criminal registers -- United States KW - Juvenile delinquents -- Legal status, laws, etc. KW - Privacy -- Legal aspects KW - Juvenile justice -- United States KW - United States -- Law enforcement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59966308?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=016048944X&rft.btitle=Building+Knowledge+for+a+Nation+of+Learners%3A+A+Framework+for+Education+Research+1997.+A+Report+by+the+Assistant+Secretary%2C+Office+of+Educational+Research+and+Improvement%2C+Sharon+P.+Robinson%2C+and+the+National+Educational+Research+Policy+and+Priorities+Board.&rft.title=Building+Knowledge+for+a+Nation+of+Learners%3A+A+Framework+for+Education+Research+1997.+A+Report+by+the+Assistant+Secretary%2C+Office+of+Educational+Research+and+Improvement%2C+Sharon+P.+Robinson%2C+and+the+National+Educational+Research+Policy+and+Priorities+Board.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057437-4) pa N1 - Document feature - chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Cyber attack: is the nation at risk? hearing, June 24, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-614 AN - 59965602; 1998-1209780 AB - Focus on intelligence community's assessment of threats to the national information technology infrastructure; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+35 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+35 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160574714 KW - Internal security -- United States KW - Information technology -- Military applications KW - Terrorism -- United States KW - United States -- Intelligence service KW - United States -- Defenses KW - Information processing systems -- Security measures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59965602?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B35&rft.isbn=0160574714&rft.btitle=Cyber+attack%3A+is+the+nation+at+risk%3F+hearing%2C+June+24%2C+1998&rft.title=Cyber+attack%3A+is+the+nation+at+risk%3F+hearing%2C+June+24%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057471-4) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Methamphetamine: a new deadly neighbor: hearing, April 6, 1998, on addressing the subject of methamphetamine, its use and its problems for law enforcement T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-669 Serial no. J-105-94 AN - 59965467; 1998-1211380 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+71 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+71 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160576369 KW - Drug abuse -- United States KW - Amphetamines -- United States KW - Drug addicts -- United States KW - United States -- Law enforcement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59965467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0160489172&rft.btitle=Adjusting+for+Coverage+Bias+Using+Telephone+Service+Interruption+Data.+National+Household+Education+Survey+of+1993.+Technical+Report.&rft.title=Adjusting+for+Coverage+Bias+Using+Telephone+Service+Interruption+Data.+National+Household+Education+Survey+of+1993.+Technical+Report.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057636-9) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania and United States Baltic policy: hearing, July 15, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-651 AN - 59964314; 1998-1211130 AB - Examines the countries' state of affairs, and the goal of US foreign policy to promote prosperity and security there; some focus on aspirations to NATO membership. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+60 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+60 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160575826 KW - North Atlantic treaty organization -- Membership KW - Lithuania -- Foreign relations KW - Latvia -- Foreign relations KW - Estonia -- Foreign relations KW - United States -- Foreign relations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59964314?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B60&rft.isbn=0160575826&rft.btitle=Estonia%2C+Latvia%2C+and+Lithuania+and+United+States+Baltic+policy%3A+hearing%2C+July+15%2C+1998&rft.title=Estonia%2C+Latvia%2C+and+Lithuania+and+United+States+Baltic+policy%3A+hearing%2C+July+15%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057582-6) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - President's renewal of normal trade relations with China: hearing, July 9, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-940 AN - 59964054; 1999-0908500 AB - Discusses the role of commerce in building a constructive economic and strategic relationship between US and China. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+122 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+122 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160584728 KW - China (People's Republic) -- Commerce -- United States KW - United States -- Foreign relations KW - United States -- Commercial policy KW - United States -- Commerce -- China (People's Republic) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59964054?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B122&rft.isbn=0160584728&rft.btitle=President%27s+renewal+of+normal+trade+relations+with+China%3A+hearing%2C+July+9%2C+1998&rft.title=President%27s+renewal+of+normal+trade+relations+with+China%3A+hearing%2C+July+9%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-058472-8) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Arctic National Wildlife Refuge resources: hearing, July 23, 1998, on the U.S. Geological Survey's estimates in the 1002 area of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-755 AN - 59962712; 1999-0309830 AB - Examines estimates of petroleum reserves in the ANWR. Focus on US Geological Survey (USGS) oil and gas potential of the 1002 Area of the ANWR. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+59 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+59 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160578825 KW - Petroleum industry -- United States -- Alaska KW - Petroleum industry -- Prospecting -- Environmental aspects KW - Environment -- United States -- Alaska KW - Arctic region -- Environmental conditions KW - Wildlife conservation -- United States -- Alaska KW - United States -- Native races KW - Oil well drilling -- Environmental aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59962712?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B59&rft.isbn=0160578825&rft.btitle=Arctic+National+Wildlife+Refuge+resources%3A+hearing%2C+July+23%2C+1998%2C+on+the+U.S.+Geological+Survey%27s+estimates+in+the+1002+area+of+the+Arctic+National+Wildlife+Refuge+%28ANWR%29&rft.title=Arctic+National+Wildlife+Refuge+resources%3A+hearing%2C+July+23%2C+1998%2C+on+the+U.S.+Geological+Survey%27s+estimates+in+the+1002+area+of+the+Arctic+National+Wildlife+Refuge+%28ANWR%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057882-5) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Health insurance coverage for 55- to 64-year-olds: hearing, June 25, 1998, on examining a report entitled "Private health insurance: declining employer coverage may affect access for 55- to 64-year-olds," which addresses the employment, income, health, and health insurance status of the near elderly population and their ability to obtain employer-based health insurance if they retire before becoming eligible for Medicare, and proposed legislation to expand access to health coverage for certain uninsured Americans aged 55-64 who are not yet eligible for Medicare T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-618 AN - 59958380; 1998-1104160 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+76 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+76 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160575095 KW - Sickness benefit plans -- United States KW - Employees' benefit plans -- United States KW - Uninsured persons -- United States KW - United States -- Labor policy KW - United States -- Health policy KW - Health insurance -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59958380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B76&rft.isbn=0160575095&rft.btitle=Health+insurance+coverage+for+55-+to+64-year-olds%3A+hearing%2C+June+25%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+a+report+entitled+%22Private+health+insurance%3A+declining+employer+coverage+may+affect+access+for+55-+to+64-year-olds%2C%22+which+addresses+the+employment%2C+income%2C+health%2C+and+health+insurance+status+of+the+near+elderly+population+and+their+ability+to+obtain+employer-based+health+insurance+if+they+retire+before+becoming+eligible+for+Medicare%2C+and+proposed+legislation+to+expand+access+to+health+coverage+for+certain+uninsured+Americans+aged+55-64+who+are+not+yet+eligible+for+Medicare&rft.title=Health+insurance+coverage+for+55-+to+64-year-olds%3A+hearing%2C+June+25%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+a+report+entitled+%22Private+health+insurance%3A+declining+employer+coverage+may+affect+access+for+55-+to+64-year-olds%2C%22+which+addresses+the+employment%2C+income%2C+health%2C+and+health+insurance+status+of+the+near+elderly+population+and+their+ability+to+obtain+employer-based+health+insurance+if+they+retire+before+becoming+eligible+for+Medicare%2C+and+proposed+legislation+to+expand+access+to+health+coverage+for+certain+uninsured+Americans+aged+55-64+who+are+not+yet+eligible+for+Medicare&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057509-5) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Assistive technology: hearing, April 29, 1998, on examining how assistive technology should be developed into the 21st century to adequately meet the needs of persons with disabilities, focusing on proposed legislation to authorize funds for programs of the Technology-Related Assistance for Individuals with Disabilities Act of 1988 (Public Law 100-407) T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-518 AN - 59957634; 1998-0909610 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+108 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+108 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160571588 KW - Self-help devices for the disabled -- United States KW - Technological innovations -- United States KW - Disabled -- United States KW - United States -- Health policy KW - United States -- Social policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59957634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B108&rft.isbn=0160571588&rft.btitle=Assistive+technology%3A+hearing%2C+April+29%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+how+assistive+technology+should+be+developed+into+the+21st+century+to+adequately+meet+the+needs+of+persons+with+disabilities%2C+focusing+on+proposed+legislation+to+authorize+funds+for+programs+of+the+Technology-Related+Assistance+for+Individuals+with+Disabilities+Act+of+1988+%28Public+Law+100-407%29&rft.title=Assistive+technology%3A+hearing%2C+April+29%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+how+assistive+technology+should+be+developed+into+the+21st+century+to+adequately+meet+the+needs+of+persons+with+disabilities%2C+focusing+on+proposed+legislation+to+authorize+funds+for+programs+of+the+Technology-Related+Assistance+for+Individuals+with+Disabilities+Act+of+1988+%28Public+Law+100-407%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057158-8) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Biodiesel energy and methane hydrate research: hearing, May 21, 1998, on S. 1141, to amend the Energy Policy Act of 1992 to take into account newly developed renewable energy-based fuels and to equalize alternative fuel vehicle acquisition incentives to increase the flexibility of controlled fleet owners and operators, and for other purposes; S. 1418, to promote the research, identification, assessment, exploration, and development of methane hydrate resources, and for other purposes T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-622 AN - 59954291; 1998-1104260 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+97 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+97 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160574978 KW - Methane -- Research KW - Renewable energy sources -- Research KW - United States -- Energy policy -- Legislation KW - Power resources -- Research KW - Diesel fuels -- Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59954291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B97&rft.isbn=0160574978&rft.btitle=Biodiesel+energy+and+methane+hydrate+research%3A+hearing%2C+May+21%2C+1998%2C+on+S.+1141%2C+to+amend+the+Energy+Policy+Act+of+1992+to+take+into+account+newly+developed+renewable+energy-based+fuels+and+to+equalize+alternative+fuel+vehicle+acquisition+incentives+to+increase+the+flexibility+of+controlled+fleet+owners+and+operators%2C+and+for+other+purposes%3B+S.+1418%2C+to+promote+the+research%2C+identification%2C+assessment%2C+exploration%2C+and+development+of+methane+hydrate+resources%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.title=Biodiesel+energy+and+methane+hydrate+research%3A+hearing%2C+May+21%2C+1998%2C+on+S.+1141%2C+to+amend+the+Energy+Policy+Act+of+1992+to+take+into+account+newly+developed+renewable+energy-based+fuels+and+to+equalize+alternative+fuel+vehicle+acquisition+incentives+to+increase+the+flexibility+of+controlled+fleet+owners+and+operators%2C+and+for+other+purposes%3B+S.+1418%2C+to+promote+the+research%2C+identification%2C+assessment%2C+exploration%2C+and+development+of+methane+hydrate+resources%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057497-8) pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Competition, innovation, and public policy in the digital age: hearings, November 4, 1997-July 23, 1998, on examining the impact of high-growth technology and the Internet on antitrust, intellectual property, competition policy and enforcement T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. Serial no. J-105-66 S. hearing 105-790 AN - 59954016; 1999-0206860 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. v+430 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - v+430 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160579252 KW - Public policy -- Research KW - Competition -- Regulation KW - Internet -- Legal aspects KW - Trusts, Industrial -- Regulation KW - Technological innovations -- United States KW - Property, Intellectual -- United States KW - United States -- Technology policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59954016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=v%2B430&rft.isbn=0160579252&rft.btitle=Competition%2C+innovation%2C+and+public+policy+in+the+digital+age%3A+hearings%2C+November+4%2C+1997-July+23%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+the+impact+of+high-growth+technology+and+the+Internet+on+antitrust%2C+intellectual+property%2C+competition+policy+and+enforcement&rft.title=Competition%2C+innovation%2C+and+public+policy+in+the+digital+age%3A+hearings%2C+November+4%2C+1997-July+23%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+the+impact+of+high-growth+technology+and+the+Internet+on+antitrust%2C+intellectual+property%2C+competition+policy+and+enforcement&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057925-2) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Year 2000 liability and disclosure: hearing, October 22, 1997, on potential for problems related to year 2000 computer conversion and need for disclosure T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-743 AN - 59953935; 1999-0206700 AB - Examines potential for problems related to year 2000 computer conversion, and possible SEC regulation or legislation requiring companies to inform investors about Y2K-related costs, risks, and remediation efforts and progress. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+75 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+75 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160579155 KW - United States -- Business enterprises KW - Corporations -- Regulation KW - Year 2000 computer date conversion KW - Investors -- Legal status, laws, etc. KW - United States -- Securities and exchange commission KW - Corporations -- Liability KW - Disclosure of information (securities law) -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59953935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B75&rft.isbn=0160579155&rft.btitle=Year+2000+liability+and+disclosure%3A+hearing%2C+October+22%2C+1997%2C+on+potential+for+problems+related+to+year+2000+computer+conversion+and+need+for+disclosure&rft.title=Year+2000+liability+and+disclosure%3A+hearing%2C+October+22%2C+1997%2C+on+potential+for+problems+related+to+year+2000+computer+conversion+and+need+for+disclosure&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057915-5) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Democracy in Africa: the new generation of African leaders: hearing, March 12, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-559 AN - 59953253; 1998-0909740 AB - Discusses leadership, political power, and factors which can lead to democratization, stressing the importance of an independent judicial system, a professional military, elections, and a free press. Some focus on Presidents Yoweri Museveni of Uganda, Paul Kagame of Rwanda, Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia, Isaias Afwerki of Eritrea, and Laurent Kabila of the Democratic Republic of Congo. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+52 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+52 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160572703 KW - Democracy -- Africa KW - Leadership -- Africa KW - Kagamé, Paul KW - Africa -- Government and politics KW - Political power -- Africa UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59953253?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B52&rft.isbn=0160572703&rft.btitle=Democracy+in+Africa%3A+the+new+generation+of+African+leaders%3A+hearing%2C+March+12%2C+1998&rft.title=Democracy+in+Africa%3A+the+new+generation+of+African+leaders%3A+hearing%2C+March+12%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=105_senate_hearings&docid=f:48230.wais LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057270-3) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The price we pay for illiteracy: hearing, December 11, 1998, on examining educational goals, focusing on literacy T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-787 AN - 59948405; 1999-0610090 AB - Discusses government and private programs to increase literacy; some focus on literacy levels, functional literacy, and health literacy; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+93 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+93 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160579945 KW - United States -- Educational sector KW - Illiteracy -- United States KW - Literacy -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59948405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=593&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Soil+Science&rft.issn=13510754&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057994-5) pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), table(s), chart(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Preventing child exploitation on the Internet: special hearing, [March 10, 1998] T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-615 AN - 59946189; 1998-1107010 AB - Testimony from the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) on effectiveness of its' current programs to protect children from sexual predators on the Internet; with recommendations for additional federal intervention. Also describes the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children's (NCMEC) CyberTipline permitting anonymous reporting of potential abuses by telephone. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+37 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+37 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016057482X KW - Pornography -- Regulation KW - Sex offenders -- United States KW - Children -- Crimes against KW - Internet -- Social aspects KW - United States -- Social conditions KW - United States -- Federal bureau of investigation KW - United States -- Social policy KW - Child abuse -- Prevention UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59946189?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B37&rft.isbn=016057482X&rft.btitle=Preventing+child+exploitation+on+the+Internet%3A+special+hearing%2C&rft.title=Preventing+child+exploitation+on+the+Internet%3A+special+hearing%2C&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/senate/senate03ch.html LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057482-X) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Medicare+Choice implementation: hearing, July 30, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-986 AN - 59943879; 1999-0900550 AB - Examines progress in administration of the program granting Medicare beneficiaries additional benefit options through HMOs and preferred provider organizations, and progress in the consumer education campaign; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+93 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+93 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160586666 KW - Health maintenance organizations -- United States KW - Preferred provider organizations -- United States KW - United States -- Health policy KW - Medicare -- United States KW - Managed care -- United States KW - Consumer education -- United States KW - Health insurance -- Administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59943879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B93&rft.isbn=0160586666&rft.btitle=Medicare%2BChoice+implementation%3A+hearing%2C+July+30%2C+1998&rft.title=Medicare%2BChoice+implementation%3A+hearing%2C+July+30%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-058666-6) pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Business practices in the professional boxing industry: hearing, March 24, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-712 AN - 59941351; 1999-0309670 AB - Examines relationships between promoters, managers, and sanctioning bodies, and effect of current practices on athletes, fans, and competition in the sport; regulatory options. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+61 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+61 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160578531 KW - Boxing -- Regulation KW - Professional sports -- United States KW - Business -- Ethics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59941351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B61&rft.isbn=0160578531&rft.btitle=Business+practices+in+the+professional+boxing+industry%3A+hearing%2C+March+24%2C+1998&rft.title=Business+practices+in+the+professional+boxing+industry%3A+hearing%2C+March+24%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057853-1) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Critical infrastructure protection: toward a new policy directive: hearings, March 17 and June 10, 1998, on examining the need for a national strategy and policies to protect the critical infrastructures of the United States T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. Serial no. J-105-88 S. hearing 105-763 AN - 59940597; 1999-0604700 AB - Assesses threats to US telecommunications and information systems; need for the Clinton administration, Defense Department, and other agencies to develop protective countermeasures. Dealing with possible "cyberwarfare" and information warfare attacks, JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+163 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+163 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016057921X KW - Internal security -- United States KW - Telecommunications -- Security measures KW - United States -- Information policy KW - Computer networks -- Security measures KW - Military planning -- United States KW - United States -- Defenses KW - Information processing systems -- Security measures KW - Internet -- Security measures KW - Infrastructure -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59940597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B163&rft.isbn=016057921X&rft.btitle=Critical+infrastructure+protection%3A+toward+a+new+policy+directive%3A+hearings%2C+March+17+and+June+10%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+the+need+for+a+national+strategy+and+policies+to+protect+the+critical+infrastructures+of+the+United+States&rft.title=Critical+infrastructure+protection%3A+toward+a+new+policy+directive%3A+hearings%2C+March+17+and+June+10%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+the+need+for+a+national+strategy+and+policies+to+protect+the+critical+infrastructures+of+the+United+States&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057921-X) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Puerto Rico: hearings, July 14-15, 1998, on H.R. 856, to provide a process leading to full self-government for Puerto Rico; S. 472, to provide for referenda in which the residents of Puerto Rico may express democratically their preferences regarding the political status of the territory, and for other purposes T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-706 AN - 59939991; 1999-0108170 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+175 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+175 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160577365 KW - Self-determination, National KW - Statehood (United States) KW - Puerto Rico -- Government and politics KW - United States and Puerto Rico KW - Puerto Rico -- Nationalism KW - Referendum -- Puerto Rico UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59939991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B175&rft.isbn=0160577365&rft.btitle=Puerto+Rico%3A+hearings%2C+July+14-15%2C+1998%2C+on+H.R.+856%2C+to+provide+a+process+leading+to+full+self-government+for+Puerto+Rico%3B+S.+472%2C+to+provide+for+referenda+in+which+the+residents+of+Puerto+Rico+may+express+democratically+their+preferences+regarding+the+political+status+of+the+territory%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.title=Puerto+Rico%3A+hearings%2C+July+14-15%2C+1998%2C+on+H.R.+856%2C+to+provide+a+process+leading+to+full+self-government+for+Puerto+Rico%3B+S.+472%2C+to+provide+for+referenda+in+which+the+residents+of+Puerto+Rico+may+express+democratically+their+preferences+regarding+the+political+status+of+the+territory%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057736-5) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Easing the family caregiver burden: programs around the nation: forum, September 10, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. Serial no. 105-32 S. hearing 105-863 AN - 59938422; 1999-0407010 AB - On assistance to family caregivers of the elderly and the disabled through philanthropic foundations, non-profit organizations, states, cities, the private sector, and volunteer programs. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+181 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+181 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160581338 KW - Family -- Social aspects KW - Disabled -- Home care KW - Social service -- Work with the aged KW - Old age -- Care and treatment KW - United States -- Social policy KW - Old age -- Home care UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59938422?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B181&rft.isbn=0160581338&rft.btitle=Easing+the+family+caregiver+burden%3A+programs+around+the+nation%3A+forum%2C+September+10%2C+1998&rft.title=Easing+the+family+caregiver+burden%3A+programs+around+the+nation%3A+forum%2C+September+10%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-058133-8) pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Disclosure of classified information to Congress: hearings, February 4 and 11, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-729 AN - 59933905; 1999-0309850 AB - Whether Congress and the president share constitutional authority over regulation of classified information. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+61 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+61 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160577950 KW - Internal security -- United States KW - Defense information, Classified -- United States KW - Official secrets -- United States KW - Executive-legislative relations -- United States KW - United States -- President -- Relations with Congress KW - United States -- Defenses KW - Constitutional law -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59933905?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B61&rft.isbn=0160577950&rft.btitle=Disclosure+of+classified+information+to+Congress%3A+hearings%2C+February+4+and+11%2C+1998&rft.title=Disclosure+of+classified+information+to+Congress%3A+hearings%2C+February+4+and+11%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057795-0) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Electronic authentication and digital signature: hearing, October 28, 1997, on the consideration of the use of electronic authentication technology by financial institutions and the need for federal legislation to authorize and validate the use of the technology T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-673 AN - 59929617; 1998-1206870 AB - Considers ways financial institutions and other businesses can use authentication to safeguard transactions over open networks, and what legislation may be needed to authorize use of technology, and to promote expansion of electronic banking and commerce. Authentication allows parties to verify aspects, including digital signatures, of an electronic message. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+55 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+55 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160576539 KW - Technological innovations -- United States KW - Electronic commerce -- Security measures KW - Digital signatures -- Legal aspects KW - United States -- Banking sector KW - Banking -- Security measures KW - United States -- Business conditions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59929617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B55&rft.isbn=0160576539&rft.btitle=Electronic+authentication+and+digital+signature%3A+hearing%2C+October+28%2C+1997%2C+on+the+consideration+of+the+use+of+electronic+authentication+technology+by+financial+institutions+and+the+need+for+federal+legislation+to+authorize+and+validate+the+use+of+the+technology&rft.title=Electronic+authentication+and+digital+signature%3A+hearing%2C+October+28%2C+1997%2C+on+the+consideration+of+the+use+of+electronic+authentication+technology+by+financial+institutions+and+the+need+for+federal+legislation+to+authorize+and+validate+the+use+of+the+technology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057653-9) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - United States/Japan aviation relations: hearing, June 19, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-747 AN - 59929114; 1999-1106360 AB - Explores status of negotiations on a new bilateral air transport and freight agreement. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+87 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+87 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160578590 KW - Japan -- Economic relations -- United States KW - Aviation -- International aspects KW - United States -- Economic relations -- Japan KW - Air transport -- International aspects KW - Air freight -- International aspects KW - Competition, International UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59929114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B87&rft.isbn=0160578590&rft.btitle=United+States%2FJapan+aviation+relations%3A+hearing%2C+June+19%2C+1997&rft.title=United+States%2FJapan+aviation+relations%3A+hearing%2C+June+19%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057859-0) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Transportation after Y2K: can we get there from here? hearing, September 10, 1998, on defining the scope and severity of the year 2000 problem in the transportation industry T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-777 AN - 59921299; 1999-0206840 AB - Examines safety and convenience concerns for travelers, potentially paralyzing effects of the millennium bug on businesses increasingly reliant on technology, just-in-time inventories, and prompt transportation of manufactured goods to the marketplace. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+112 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+112 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016057904X KW - United States -- Business enterprises KW - Corporations -- United States KW - United States -- Transportation sector KW - Year 2000 computer date conversion KW - Computer networks -- Security measures KW - Consumer goods -- Distribution KW - Travel -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59921299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B112&rft.isbn=016057904X&rft.btitle=Transportation+after+Y2K%3A+can+we+get+there+from+here%3F+hearing%2C+September+10%2C+1998%2C+on+defining+the+scope+and+severity+of+the+year+2000+problem+in+the+transportation+industry&rft.title=Transportation+after+Y2K%3A+can+we+get+there+from+here%3F+hearing%2C+September+10%2C+1998%2C+on+defining+the+scope+and+severity+of+the+year+2000+problem+in+the+transportation+industry&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057904-X) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Extradition, mutual legal assistance, and prisoner transfer treaties: hearing, September 15, 1998 T2 - 106th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-730 AN - 59918447; 1999-1106560 AB - Examines treaties designed to further law enforcement interests. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+70 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+70 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160578353 KW - Prisoners -- Treaties KW - Law enforcement -- International cooperation KW - Extradition KW - United States -- Law enforcement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59918447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B70&rft.isbn=0160578353&rft.btitle=Extradition%2C+mutual+legal+assistance%2C+and+prisoner+transfer+treaties%3A+hearing%2C+September+15%2C+1998&rft.title=Extradition%2C+mutual+legal+assistance%2C+and+prisoner+transfer+treaties%3A+hearing%2C+September+15%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057835-3) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Puerto Rico status: hearing, May 19, 1998, on the fiscal and economic implications of Puerto Rico status T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-517 (pt. 2) AN - 59914118; 1998-1010880 AB - Considers the fiscal implications of independence, statehood, and status quo commonwealth; focus on taxes and social benefits. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+66 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+66 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160573610 KW - Taxation -- Puerto Rico KW - Puerto Rico -- Government and politics KW - Political economy -- Puerto Rico KW - United States and Puerto Rico KW - Puerto Rico -- Nationalism KW - Social and economic security -- Puerto Rico UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59914118?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B66&rft.isbn=0160573610&rft.btitle=Puerto+Rico+status%3A+hearing%2C+May+19%2C+1998%2C+on+the+fiscal+and+economic+implications+of+Puerto+Rico+status&rft.title=Puerto+Rico+status%3A+hearing%2C+May+19%2C+1998%2C+on+the+fiscal+and+economic+implications+of+Puerto+Rico+status&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057361-0) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - KEDO and the Korean Agreed Nuclear Framework: problems and prospects: hearing, July 14, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-652 AN - 59910105; 1998-1211150 AB - Examines the Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization (KEDO)'s debt, lag in heavy oil delivery schedule, and reasons North Koreans have accused the US of failing to honor commitments to the Agreed Framework. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+47 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+47 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160575834 KW - Petroleum industry -- Distribution KW - Atomic weapons -- Treaties KW - North Korea -- Energy sector UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59910105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B47&rft.isbn=0160575834&rft.btitle=KEDO+and+the+Korean+Agreed+Nuclear+Framework%3A+problems+and+prospects%3A+hearing%2C+July+14%2C+1998&rft.title=KEDO+and+the+Korean+Agreed+Nuclear+Framework%3A+problems+and+prospects%3A+hearing%2C+July+14%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057583-4) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Northern Mariana Islands: hearing, March 31, 1998, on S. 1100, to amend the covenant to establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in political union with the United States of America, the legislation approving such covenant, and for other purposes; S. 1275, to implement further the Act (Public Law 94-241) approving the covenant to establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in political union with the United States of America, and for other purposes T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-558 AN - 59910102; 1998-0909530 AB - Discusses legislation to alter federal laws applicable to the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) to impose the federal minimum wage and immigration laws, as well as requiring 50% US labor on items manufactured there, for eligibility for the "made in USA" label; focuses on economic and living conditions for textile workers. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+137 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+137 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160572819 KW - Northern Mariana Islands -- Labor policy KW - Clothing industry -- Northern Mariana Islands KW - Northern Mariana Islands -- Government and politics KW - Minimum wage -- United States -- Legislation KW - United States -- Government and politics KW - Northern Mariana Islands -- Economic conditions KW - Northern Mariana Islands -- Immigration policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59910102?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B137&rft.isbn=0160572819&rft.btitle=Northern+Mariana+Islands%3A+hearing%2C+March+31%2C+1998%2C+on+S.+1100%2C+to+amend+the+covenant+to+establish+a+Commonwealth+of+the+Northern+Mariana+Islands+in+political+union+with+the+United+States+of+America%2C+the+legislation+approving+such+covenant%2C+and+for+other+purposes%3B+S.+1275%2C+to+implement+further+the+Act+%28Public+Law+94-241%29+approving+the+covenant+to+establish+a+Commonwealth+of+the+Northern+Mariana+Islands+in+political+union+with+the+United+States+of+America%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.title=Northern+Mariana+Islands%3A+hearing%2C+March+31%2C+1998%2C+on+S.+1100%2C+to+amend+the+covenant+to+establish+a+Commonwealth+of+the+Northern+Mariana+Islands+in+political+union+with+the+United+States+of+America%2C+the+legislation+approving+such+covenant%2C+and+for+other+purposes%3B+S.+1275%2C+to+implement+further+the+Act+%28Public+Law+94-241%29+approving+the+covenant+to+establish+a+Commonwealth+of+the+Northern+Mariana+Islands+in+political+union+with+the+United+States+of+America%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057281-9) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - United States responses to international parental abduction: hearing, October 1, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-845 AN - 59902337; 1999-0500130 AB - Discusses parental kidnappings in which children are taken to other countries, and what can be done to bring them back. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+150 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+150 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160582253 KW - Parent and child (law) -- International aspects KW - Kidnapping, Parental -- International aspects KW - Law enforcement -- International aspects KW - Missing children -- Legal status, laws, etc. KW - International and municipal law KW - United States -- Law enforcement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59902337?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B150&rft.isbn=0160582253&rft.btitle=United+States+responses+to+international+parental+abduction%3A+hearing%2C+October+1%2C+1998&rft.title=United+States+responses+to+international+parental+abduction%3A+hearing%2C+October+1%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-058225-3) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Chemical weapons implementing legislation: hearing, May 13, 1997, on S. 610, a bill to implement the obligations of the United States under the convention on the prohibition of the development, production, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons and on their destruction, known as the "Chemical Weapons Convention" and opened for signature and signed by the United States on January 13, 1993 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. Serial no. J-105-19 S. hearing 105-552 AN - 59900110; 1998-0910000 AB - Examines Clinton administration proposal for domestic legislation to provide legal basis and procedures for implementing the CWC. Focus on verification provisions affecting private US companies. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+56 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+56 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160572509 KW - United States -- Treaties KW - Chemical weapons -- Treaties KW - Treaties -- Ratification KW - United States -- Defenses KW - Arms limitation -- Inspection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59900110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B56&rft.isbn=0160572509&rft.btitle=Chemical+weapons+implementing+legislation%3A+hearing%2C+May+13%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+610%2C+a+bill+to+implement+the+obligations+of+the+United+States+under+the+convention+on+the+prohibition+of+the+development%2C+production%2C+stockpiling+and+use+of+chemical+weapons+and+on+their+destruction%2C+known+as+the+%22Chemical+Weapons+Convention%22+and+opened+for+signature+and+signed+by+the+United+States+on+January+13%2C+1993&rft.title=Chemical+weapons+implementing+legislation%3A+hearing%2C+May+13%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+610%2C+a+bill+to+implement+the+obligations+of+the+United+States+under+the+convention+on+the+prohibition+of+the+development%2C+production%2C+stockpiling+and+use+of+chemical+weapons+and+on+their+destruction%2C+known+as+the+%22Chemical+Weapons+Convention%22+and+opened+for+signature+and+signed+by+the+United+States+on+January+13%2C+1993&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057250-9) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Can we rest in peace? the anxiety of elderly parents caring for baby boomers with disabilities: forum, September 19, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. Serial no. 105-34 S. hearing 105-804 AN - 59899873; 1999-0500920 AB - Discusses family and individual support services for persons with mental retardation, including caregivers, financial support, day programs, and residential services; considers local, state, and federal policy. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+200 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+200 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160579716 KW - Parents -- Social aspects KW - Old age -- Social aspects KW - Mentally handicapped children -- Care and treatment KW - United States -- Social policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59899873?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B200&rft.isbn=0160579716&rft.btitle=Can+we+rest+in+peace%3F+the+anxiety+of+elderly+parents+caring+for+baby+boomers+with+disabilities%3A+forum%2C+September+19%2C+1998&rft.title=Can+we+rest+in+peace%3F+the+anxiety+of+elderly+parents+caring+for+baby+boomers+with+disabilities%3A+forum%2C+September+19%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057971-6) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Children's SSI policy: hearing, July 7, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-965 AN - 59899481; 1999-0814830 AB - Discusses the children's component of the Supplemental Security Income program, focusing on implementation process of the disability standard defined by the 1996 welfare reform law, and whether eligibility requirements are too strict; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+166 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+166 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160585112 KW - Supplemental security income program -- United States KW - Children, Handicapped -- United States KW - Disabled -- Benefits KW - United States -- Social policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59899481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B166&rft.isbn=0160585112&rft.btitle=Children%27s+SSI+policy%3A+hearing%2C+July+7%2C+1998&rft.title=Children%27s+SSI+policy%3A+hearing%2C+July+7%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-058511-2) pa N1 - Document feature - chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation's year 2000 preparedness: hearing, February 10, 1998, on the efforts of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to ensure that the bank systems it oversees and its own internal systems are ready for the year 2000 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-791 AN - 59899145; 1999-0407460 AB - Examines FDIC efforts to ensure that bank systems, and its own internal systems, are ready to handle the year 2000 problem. Testimony from Government Accounting Office (GAO) and FDIC officials. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+53 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+53 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160581613 KW - United States -- Federal deposit insurance corporation KW - Year 2000 computer date conversion KW - Computer programming -- Quality control KW - Banking -- Information processing systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59899145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B53&rft.isbn=0160581613&rft.btitle=Federal+Deposit+Insurance+Corporation%27s+year+2000+preparedness%3A+hearing%2C+February+10%2C+1998%2C+on+the+efforts+of+the+Federal+Deposit+Insurance+Corporation+to+ensure+that+the+bank+systems+it+oversees+and+its+own+internal+systems+are+ready+for+the+year+2000&rft.title=Federal+Deposit+Insurance+Corporation%27s+year+2000+preparedness%3A+hearing%2C+February+10%2C+1998%2C+on+the+efforts+of+the+Federal+Deposit+Insurance+Corporation+to+ensure+that+the+bank+systems+it+oversees+and+its+own+internal+systems+are+ready+for+the+year+2000&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-058161-3) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Genetic information and health care: hearing, May 21, 1998, on examining proposals to prohibit health care discrimination based on genetic information, including related measures on S. 89 and S. 422 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-580 AN - 59899012; 1998-1012470 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+72 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+72 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160573440 KW - United States -- Medical sector KW - Health insurance -- Ethics KW - Medical ethics -- United States KW - Discrimination -- United States KW - Medical genetics -- Insurance aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59899012?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B72&rft.isbn=0160573440&rft.btitle=Genetic+information+and+health+care%3A+hearing%2C+May+21%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+proposals+to+prohibit+health+care+discrimination+based+on+genetic+information%2C+including+related+measures+on+S.+89+and+S.+422&rft.title=Genetic+information+and+health+care%3A+hearing%2C+May+21%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+proposals+to+prohibit+health+care+discrimination+based+on+genetic+information%2C+including+related+measures+on+S.+89+and+S.+422&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057344-0) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Pending legislation on veterans benefits and health care issues: hearing, July 25, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-348 AN - 59898898; 1999-0604910 AB - Bills dealing with protection of national cemeteries, sexual harassment in the Veterans Affairs Department, and benefits for Indian and Filipino veterans. Benefits for veterans of the Philippine Commonwealth Army who served in World War II. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+139 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+139 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160581540 KW - United States -- Veterans affairs department KW - Veterans -- Medical care KW - Veterans -- Benefits KW - United States -- Armed forces -- Medical and sanitary affairs KW - Sexual harassment -- United States KW - Medicine, Military -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59898898?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-058154-0) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Chinese missile proliferation: hearing, June 11, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-841 AN - 59898705; 1999-0604520 AB - Examines Clinton administration policy of promoting commercial satellite launches from China, while avoiding sanctions on Chinese guided missile exports, as required under US law. Transfer of atomic weapons capable Chinese M-11 missiles to Pakistan, C-802 anti-ship missiles to Iran, and export of other items covered by the missile technology control regime (MTCR). JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+34 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+34 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160580722 KW - Guided missiles -- Export-import trade -- Regulation KW - Sanctions (international law) KW - Space commercialization -- United States KW - United States -- Foreign relations -- China (People's Republic) KW - Guided missiles -- Export-import trade KW - Space launch services -- China (People's Republic) KW - China (People's Republic) -- Foreign relations -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59898705?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B34&rft.isbn=0160580722&rft.btitle=Chinese+missile+proliferation%3A+hearing%2C+June+11%2C+1998&rft.title=Chinese+missile+proliferation%3A+hearing%2C+June+11%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-058072-2) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Crooks caring for seniors: the case for criminal background checks: hearing, September 14, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. Serial no. 105-33 S. hearing 105-942 AN - 59896915; 1999-0701500 AB - Discusses the oversight of the quality of care in nursing homes, focusing on convicted criminals who take advantage of vulnerable senior citizens; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+222 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+222 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160583853 KW - Crime and criminals -- United States KW - Nursing homes -- United States KW - United States -- Health policy KW - Old age -- Care and treatment KW - Nursing homes -- Employees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59896915?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B222&rft.isbn=0160583853&rft.btitle=Crooks+caring+for+seniors%3A+the+case+for+criminal+background+checks%3A+hearing%2C+September+14%2C+1998&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-058385-3) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Older Americans and the worldwide Web: the new wave of Internet users: forum, July 16, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. Serial no. 105-29 AN - 59895167; 1999-0407440 AB - Examines how senior citizens are using the Internet to make friends worldwide via email and chat rooms, shop, and find health and other information; US. Some focus on providing senior citizen homes and housing with Internet access. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+112 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+112 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016058132X KW - Web sites KW - Information technology -- Social aspects KW - Electronic commerce -- United States KW - Old age -- Social aspects KW - Internet -- Social aspects KW - United States -- Social conditions KW - Electronic mail -- United States KW - Old age homes -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59895167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B112&rft.isbn=016058132X&rft.btitle=Older+Americans+and+the+worldwide+Web%3A+the+new+wave+of+Internet+users%3A+forum%2C+July+16%2C+1998&rft.title=Older+Americans+and+the+worldwide+Web%3A+the+new+wave+of+Internet+users%3A+forum%2C+July+16%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-058132-X) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - International space station: hearing, September 18, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-762 AN - 59894984; 1999-0309820 AB - Examines and evaluates NASA's leadership of the ISS, focusing on cost analysis, scheduling, and management. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+65 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+65 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160579090 KW - United States -- Science policy KW - United States -- National aeronautics and space administration KW - Space stations -- International cooperation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59894984?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B65&rft.isbn=0160579090&rft.btitle=International+space+station%3A+hearing%2C+September+18%2C+1997&rft.title=International+space+station%3A+hearing%2C+September+18%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057909-0) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Is a U.N. international criminal court in the U.S. national interest? hearing, July 23, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-724 AN - 59894530; 1999-0309770 AB - Examines the treaty establishing the ICC and its implications for US foreign policy. Highlights issue of universal jurisdiction over the UN Security Council and US military intervention and peacekeeping activities. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+150 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+150 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160577926 KW - Crime and criminals -- International aspects KW - War criminals KW - Crimes against humanity KW - Courts, International -- Treaties KW - Genocide KW - International Criminal Court KW - United States -- Foreign relations KW - International and municipal law KW - Criminal justice -- International aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59894530?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B150&rft.isbn=0160577926&rft.btitle=Is+a+U.N.+international+criminal+court+in+the+U.S.+national+interest%3F+hearing%2C+July+23%2C+1998&rft.title=Is+a+U.N.+international+criminal+court+in+the+U.S.+national+interest%3F+hearing%2C+July+23%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057792-6) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Are military adultery standards changing? what are the implications? hearing, October 7, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-767 AN - 59893560; 1999-0309660 AB - Examines proposed changes to the Manual for Courts Martial provisions on adultery and establishment of guidelines for the armed forces. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+102 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+102 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160578965 KW - United States -- Armed forces KW - Service women -- Legal status, laws, etc. KW - Service men -- Legal status, laws, etc. KW - Sociology, Military -- United States KW - Courts-martial -- United States KW - Military law -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59893560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B102&rft.isbn=0160578965&rft.btitle=Are+military+adultery+standards+changing%3F+what+are+the+implications%3F+hearing%2C+October+7%2C+1998&rft.title=Are+military+adultery+standards+changing%3F+what+are+the+implications%3F+hearing%2C+October+7%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057896-5) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - "Cramming": an emerging telephone billing fraud: hearing, July 23, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-646 AN - 59890438; 1998-1107170 AB - Examines fraudulent charges on personal telephone bills for goods and services not provided by the billing company; some focus on telephone service providers' consumer protection obligations and practices. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+164 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+164 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160575699 KW - Consumer protection -- United States KW - Telephone companies -- Regulation KW - Crime and criminals -- United States KW - Fraud -- United States KW - United States -- Communications sector KW - Swindlers and swindling -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59890438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B164&rft.isbn=0160575699&rft.btitle=%22Cramming%22%3A+an+emerging+telephone+billing+fraud%3A+hearing%2C+July+23%2C+1998&rft.title=%22Cramming%22%3A+an+emerging+telephone+billing+fraud%3A+hearing%2C+July+23%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057569-9) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s), chart(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Betrayal: the quality of care in California nursing homes: hearings, July 27-28, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. Serial no. 105-30 S. hearing 105-735 AN - 59888605; 1999-0207310 AB - Understaffing, neglect, mistreatment, and abuse occurring in nursing homes, findings and recommendations of a General Accounting Office study, and report of the Health Care Financing Administration responsible for enforcement of requirements for nursing homes. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+470 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+470 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160578183 KW - Nursing homes -- United States -- California KW - Elder abuse -- United States -- California KW - Old age homes -- Regulation KW - United States -- Health policy KW - Old age -- Care and treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59888605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B470&rft.isbn=0160578183&rft.btitle=Betrayal%3A+the+quality+of+care+in+California+nursing+homes%3A+hearings%2C+July+27-28%2C+1998&rft.title=Betrayal%3A+the+quality+of+care+in+California+nursing+homes%3A+hearings%2C+July+27-28%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057818-3) pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Next generation Internet: hearing, November 4, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-758 AN - 59888484; 1999-0206770 AB - Examines management of the NGI program, and related questions about the proper federal role in it, relationship between Internet2 and NGI, what management approach will overcome challenges of the multi-agency program, and lessons learned from previous Internet initiatives. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+66 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+66 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160578752 KW - United States -- Government and politics KW - United States -- Technology policy KW - Computer networks -- United States KW - Internet -- Regulation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59888484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B66&rft.isbn=0160578752&rft.btitle=Next+generation+Internet%3A+hearing%2C+November+4%2C+1997&rft.title=Next+generation+Internet%3A+hearing%2C+November+4%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057875-2) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - International aviation agreements and antitrust immunity: hearing, March 19, 1998, on examining certain issues with regard to international agreements, including the proposed British Airways/American Airlines alliance, focusing on antitrust implications and the impact of alliances on airline marketing practices T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-626 AN - 59884987; 1998-1107070 AB - How current and proposed airline company mergers affect international competition; some focus on US legislation limiting foreign ownership of airlines, and on US Department of Transportation grants of antitrust immunity. With discussion of the Japanese Aviation agreement, and effects on competition of the existing Northwest/KLM, United/Lufthansa/SAS, and Delta/Swissair/Sabena/Austrian alliances. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+124 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+124 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160575133 KW - Government regulation of business -- International aspects KW - Air transport -- Economic aspects KW - United States -- Transportation sector KW - Air transport -- Consolidation and mergers KW - Trusts, Industrial -- United States -- Legislation KW - Competition, International KW - Strategic alliances (business) -- International aspects KW - Foreign investments -- Regulation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59884987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B124&rft.isbn=0160575133&rft.btitle=International+aviation+agreements+and+antitrust+immunity%3A+hearing%2C+March+19%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+certain+issues+with+regard+to+international+agreements%2C+including+the+proposed+British+Airways%2FAmerican+Airlines+alliance%2C+focusing+on+antitrust+implications+and+the+impact+of+alliances+on+airline+marketing+practices&rft.title=International+aviation+agreements+and+antitrust+immunity%3A+hearing%2C+March+19%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+certain+issues+with+regard+to+international+agreements%2C+including+the+proposed+British+Airways%2FAmerican+Airlines+alliance%2C+focusing+on+antitrust+implications+and+the+impact+of+alliances+on+airline+marketing+practices&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057513-3) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Tamoxifen and breast cancer: special hearing, [April 21, 1998] T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-561 AN - 59884897; 1998-1010310 AB - Discusses the progress made on this cancer drug and raloxifene; includes research and funding. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+50 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+50 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160572886 KW - United States -- Medical sector KW - Women -- Health KW - Women -- Medical care KW - Breast cancer -- Prevention KW - Pharmaceutical research -- United States KW - Breast cancer -- Research KW - Medical research -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59884897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B50&rft.isbn=0160572886&rft.btitle=Tamoxifen+and+breast+cancer%3A+special+hearing%2C&rft.title=Tamoxifen+and+breast+cancer%3A+special+hearing%2C&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057288-6) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Internet tax and trade issues: hearing, July 16, 1998, on S. 442 and H.R. 4105 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-694 AN - 59883944; 1999-0203190 AB - On pending legislation to place a broad moratorium on the ability of state and local governments to impose taxes on Internet commerce. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+120 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+120 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160577128 KW - Interstate commerce -- Regulation KW - United States -- Tax policy KW - Electronic commerce -- Taxation KW - Internet -- Regulation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59883944?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B120&rft.isbn=0160577128&rft.btitle=Internet+tax+and+trade+issues%3A+hearing%2C+July+16%2C+1998%2C+on+S.+442+and+H.R.+4105&rft.title=Internet+tax+and+trade+issues%3A+hearing%2C+July+16%2C+1998%2C+on+S.+442+and+H.R.+4105&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057712-8) pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - E-commerce and Y2K: what's ahead for small business? hearing, June 2, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-684 AN - 59883458; 1998-1206860 AB - Examines the role of small business in the economy, and in electronic, particularly Internet commerce, but also firms' lack of awareness and planning to avoid failures due to the Year 2000 computer problem, and related government role; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+102 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+102 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160576695 KW - Small business -- Economic aspects KW - Electronic commerce -- United States KW - Year 2000 computer date conversion KW - United States -- Business conditions KW - Internet -- Economic aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59883458?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057669-5) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Security on campus: special hearing, [March 5, 1998] T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-607 AN - 59883362; 1998-1106900 AB - Examines measures to improve campus security through more rigorous crime reporting, greater transparency and accountability in criminal procedures, background checks on students and staff, and other measures. Also questions validity of crime statistics, based on analysis of reports by the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+49 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+49 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160574420 KW - United States -- Educational sector KW - Colleges and universities -- Security measures KW - Crime and criminals -- United States KW - School violence -- United States KW - University of Pennsylvania KW - College students -- Crimes against KW - United States -- Law enforcement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59883362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B49&rft.isbn=0160574420&rft.btitle=Security+on+campus%3A+special+hearing%2C&rft.title=Security+on+campus%3A+special+hearing%2C&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057442-0) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The tradition and importance of protecting the U.S. flag: hearing, March 25, 1998, on S.J. Res. 40, a bill proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States authorizing Congress to prohibit the physical desecration of the flag of the United States T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. Serial no. J-105-91 S. hearing 105-608 AN - 59883230; 1998-1209840 AB - Examines history of safeguarding the country's flag and measures for continuing its protection. Some focus on First Amendment constitutional issues, including freedom of speech. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+72 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+72 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160574595 KW - Emblems, National -- United States KW - United States -- Constitution -- First amendment KW - Freedom of speech -- United States KW - United States -- Government and politics KW - United States -- Constitution -- Amendments KW - Flags -- Legal aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59883230?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057459-5) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Home health care: can agencies survive new regulations? hearing, July 15, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-739 AN - 59882203; 1999-0207230 AB - On the effects on home health agencies and on the elderly and disabled of the Health Care Financing Administration's regulations requiring a $50,000 surety bond, as a means of reducing fraud and abuse in Medicare programs. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. v+228 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - v+228 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160578396 KW - Disabled -- Home care -- Finance KW - Old age -- Home care -- Finance KW - United States -- Health care financing administration KW - Health insurance -- Fraudulent claims KW - Medicare -- United States KW - Medical service -- Home care UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59882203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=v%2B228&rft.isbn=0160578396&rft.btitle=Home+health+care%3A+can+agencies+survive+new+regulations%3F+hearing%2C+July+15%2C+1998&rft.title=Home+health+care%3A+can+agencies+survive+new+regulations%3F+hearing%2C+July+15%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057839-6) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Education, international affairs and social security task forces: [hearings], January 21-February 26, 1998, federal education funding: the state and local perspective; the impact of research and technology on K-12 education; state and local initiatives: engines for change; addressing our struggling public school system: ideas for reform; examining the success of the national trade strategy from the perspective of international affairs funding; international affairs task force hearing; money's worth issues and social security; impact of the budget surplus on social security T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-625 AN - 59882151; 1998-1113090 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+522 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+522 PB - Superintendent of Documents KW - Educational research -- United States KW - Export marketing KW - Social insurance -- Finance KW - United States -- Educational policy KW - Innovation in education -- United States KW - United States -- Appropriations and expenditures KW - United States -- Social policy KW - Education -- Finance KW - United States -- Commercial policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59882151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Mandating the year 2000 disclosure of publicly traded companies: hearings, November 4, 1997, on the lack of accessible information about the readiness of specific banks and other businesses for the year 2000 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-741 AN - 59881790; 1999-0206740 AB - Examines absence of accessible information about the readiness of specific banks and other businesses for the year 2000, and potential legislation to require businesses to disclose their year 2000 remediation status to investors in those companies. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+47 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+47 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160578736 KW - Banking -- Legal aspects KW - United States -- Business enterprises KW - Banking -- Regulation KW - Year 2000 computer date conversion KW - Investors -- Legal status, laws, etc. KW - Corporations -- Legal aspects KW - Disclosure of information (securities law) -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59881790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B47&rft.isbn=0160578736&rft.btitle=Mandating+the+year+2000+disclosure+of+publicly+traded+companies%3A+hearings%2C+November+4%2C+1997%2C+on+the+lack+of+accessible+information+about+the+readiness+of+specific+banks+and+other+businesses+for+the+year+2000&rft.title=Mandating+the+year+2000+disclosure+of+publicly+traded+companies%3A+hearings%2C+November+4%2C+1997%2C+on+the+lack+of+accessible+information+about+the+readiness+of+specific+banks+and+other+businesses+for+the+year+2000&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057873-6) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Tax expenditures: compendium of background material on individual provisions, December 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. print 105-70 Com. print AN - 59881692; 1999-0206020 AB - Estimates revenue cost, legal authorization for, description, impact, rationale, and assessment of each of over 120 federal tax provisions. Prepared by the Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. xii+571 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - xii+571 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016057918X KW - Income tax -- United States KW - United States -- Tax policy KW - Tax expenditures -- United States KW - Corporate income tax -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59881692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=xii%2B571&rft.isbn=016057918X&rft.btitle=Tax+expenditures%3A+compendium+of+background+material+on+individual+provisions%2C+December+1998&rft.title=Tax+expenditures%3A+compendium+of+background+material+on+individual+provisions%2C+December+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057918-X) pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Privacy in the digital age: encryption and mandatory access: hearing, March 17, 1998, on examining the use of encryption and mandatory access in digital communications, focusing on proposals to balance privacy rights with law enforcement concerns T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-627 AN - 59880740; 1998-1106970 AB - Examines civil rights issues related to federal access to private encrypted communications for law enforcement and security reasons. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+121 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+121 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160575141 KW - Civil rights -- United States KW - Surveillance -- United States KW - Cryptography -- Regulation KW - Electronics in criminal investigation, espionage, etc. -- United States KW - United States -- Information policy KW - Privacy -- United States KW - Privacy -- Legal aspects KW - United States -- Law enforcement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59880740?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B121&rft.isbn=0160575141&rft.btitle=Privacy+in+the+digital+age%3A+encryption+and+mandatory+access%3A+hearing%2C+March+17%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+the+use+of+encryption+and+mandatory+access+in+digital+communications%2C+focusing+on+proposals+to+balance+privacy+rights+with+law+enforcement+concerns&rft.title=Privacy+in+the+digital+age%3A+encryption+and+mandatory+access%3A+hearing%2C+March+17%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+the+use+of+encryption+and+mandatory+access+in+digital+communications%2C+focusing+on+proposals+to+balance+privacy+rights+with+law+enforcement+concerns&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057514-1) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Immigration and Naturalization Service oversight: reforming the naturalization process: hearing, March 5, 1998, on activities of the Immigration and Naturalization Service of the Department of Justice, focusing on federal efforts to improve the naturalization process of the Immigration and Naturalization Service T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. Serial no. J-105-94 S. hearing 105-602 AN - 59880612; 1998-1011250 AB - Efforts to improve indictments and investigations of problems, including those with the citizenship testing program. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+41 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+41 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160574315 KW - Citizenship -- United States KW - United States -- Immigration policy KW - Naturalization -- United States KW - United States -- Immigration and naturalization service KW - Immigration and emigration -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59880612?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B41&rft.isbn=0160574315&rft.btitle=Immigration+and+Naturalization+Service+oversight%3A+reforming+the+naturalization+process%3A+hearing%2C+March+5%2C+1998%2C+on+activities+of+the+Immigration+and+Naturalization+Service+of+the+Department+of+Justice%2C+focusing+on+federal+efforts+to+improve+the+naturalization+process+of+the+Immigration+and+Naturalization+Service&rft.title=Immigration+and+Naturalization+Service+oversight%3A+reforming+the+naturalization+process%3A+hearing%2C+March+5%2C+1998%2C+on+activities+of+the+Immigration+and+Naturalization+Service+of+the+Department+of+Justice%2C+focusing+on+federal+efforts+to+improve+the+naturalization+process+of+the+Immigration+and+Naturalization+Service&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057431-5) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Reading and literacy initiatives: hearing, April 28, 1998, on examining proposals to improve the reading and literacy skills of children and families, focusing on S. 1596 and H.R. 2614, bills to provide for reading excellence by improving in-service instructional practices for teachers who teach reading, to stimulate the development of more high-quality family literacy programs, to support extended learning-time opportunities for children, and to ensure that children can read well and independently not later than third grade T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-546 AN - 59879660; 1998-1010710 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+103 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+103 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016057224X KW - Teachers -- Training KW - United States -- Educational policy KW - Education -- Aims and objectives KW - Literacy -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59879660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B103&rft.isbn=016057224X&rft.btitle=Reading+and+literacy+initiatives%3A+hearing%2C+April+28%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+proposals+to+improve+the+reading+and+literacy+skills+of+children+and+families%2C+focusing+on+S.+1596+and+H.R.+2614%2C+bills+to+provide+for+reading+excellence+by+improving+in-service+instructional+practices+for+teachers+who+teach+reading%2C+to+stimulate+the+development+of+more+high-quality+family+literacy+programs%2C+to+support+extended+learning-time+opportunities+for+children%2C+and+to+ensure+that+children+can+read+well+and+independently+not+later+than+third+grade&rft.title=Reading+and+literacy+initiatives%3A+hearing%2C+April+28%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+proposals+to+improve+the+reading+and+literacy+skills+of+children+and+families%2C+focusing+on+S.+1596+and+H.R.+2614%2C+bills+to+provide+for+reading+excellence+by+improving+in-service+instructional+practices+for+teachers+who+teach+reading%2C+to+stimulate+the+development+of+more+high-quality+family+literacy+programs%2C+to+support+extended+learning-time+opportunities+for+children%2C+and+to+ensure+that+children+can+read+well+and+independently+not+later+than+third+grade&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057224-X) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Crisis in South Asia: India's nuclear tests; Pakistan's nuclear tests; India and Pakistan: what next? hearings, May 13-July 13, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-620 AN - 59879526; 1998-1104170 AB - US foreign policy concerns about and responses to atomic weapons tests, including economic sanctions and granting the administration waiver authority over these sanctions. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+118 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+118 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160574897 KW - Atomic weapons -- Testing KW - Sanctions (international law) KW - India -- Foreign relations KW - Pakistan -- Foreign relations KW - Nuclear nonproliferation KW - United States -- Foreign relations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59879526?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B118&rft.isbn=0160574897&rft.btitle=Crisis+in+South+Asia%3A+India%27s+nuclear+tests%3B+Pakistan%27s+nuclear+tests%3B+India+and+Pakistan%3A+what+next%3F+hearings%2C+May+13-July+13%2C+1998&rft.title=Crisis+in+South+Asia%3A+India%27s+nuclear+tests%3B+Pakistan%27s+nuclear+tests%3B+India+and+Pakistan%3A+what+next%3F+hearings%2C+May+13-July+13%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057489-7) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - IRS restructuring: hearings, January 28-February 25, 1998, on H.R. 2676 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-529 AN - 59879259; 1998-1011510 AB - Examines prospects for reform, including balance of power between the agency and taxpayers, agency culture, accountability among IRS employees, burden of proof rules, interest, penalties, and liens. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. vii+480 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - vii+480 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016057207X KW - Tax administration -- United States KW - United States -- Internal revenue service UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59879259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=vii%2B480&rft.isbn=016057207X&rft.btitle=IRS+restructuring%3A+hearings%2C+January+28-February+25%2C+1998%2C+on+H.R.+2676&rft.title=IRS+restructuring%3A+hearings%2C+January+28-February+25%2C+1998%2C+on+H.R.+2676&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057207-X) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The high-tech worker shortage and U.S. immigration policy: hearing, February 25, 1998, on examining United States immigration policy with regard to labor market conditions in high-technology industries, and the administration's proposal to raise the annual quota of H1-B visas, which enable skilled engineers to enter the United States to work for American high-tech companies T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. Serial no. J-105-76 S. hearing 105-595 AN - 59879133; 1998-1010690 AB - Examines the annual cap on the number of temporary visas allowed for highly skilled foreign-born professionals, and whether and how US businesses and educational institutions are preparing workers for the 21st century. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+198 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+198 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160574048 KW - United States -- Immigration policy KW - Immigration and emigration -- Labor aspects KW - Engineers -- United States KW - High technology industries -- Labor aspects KW - Visas -- United States KW - Professional workers -- United States KW - Technical education -- United States KW - United States -- Labor sector UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59879133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B198&rft.isbn=0160574048&rft.btitle=The+high-tech+worker+shortage+and+U.S.+immigration+policy%3A+hearing%2C+February+25%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+United+States+immigration+policy+with+regard+to+labor+market+conditions+in+high-technology+industries%2C+and+the+administration%27s+proposal+to+raise+the+annual+quota+of+H1-B+visas%2C+which+enable+skilled+engineers+to+enter+the+United+States+to+work+for+American+high-tech+companies&rft.title=The+high-tech+worker+shortage+and+U.S.+immigration+policy%3A+hearing%2C+February+25%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+United+States+immigration+policy+with+regard+to+labor+market+conditions+in+high-technology+industries%2C+and+the+administration%27s+proposal+to+raise+the+annual+quota+of+H1-B+visas%2C+which+enable+skilled+engineers+to+enter+the+United+States+to+work+for+American+high-tech+companies&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057404-8) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Preparedness for epidemics and bioterrorism: special hearing, [June 2, 1998] T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-630 AN - 59879025; 1998-1209820 AB - Focus on capabilities of public health and emergency services to respond to terrorist attack using biological weapons. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+61 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+61 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016057529X KW - Internal security -- United States KW - Emergency medical services -- United States KW - United States -- Public health service KW - Terrorism -- United States KW - Epidemiology -- United States KW - United States -- Defenses KW - Biological weapons -- Defenses KW - Bioterrorism KW - Disasters -- Emergency preparedness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59879025?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B61&rft.isbn=016057529X&rft.btitle=Preparedness+for+epidemics+and+bioterrorism%3A+special+hearing%2C&rft.title=Preparedness+for+epidemics+and+bioterrorism%3A+special+hearing%2C&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057529-X) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Changing America: indicators of social and economic well-being by race and Hispanic origin AN - 59878738; 1998-1212110 AB - Examines differences in well-being for various groups, and how these differences have evolved over the past few decades. Prepared by the Council of Economic Advisers. JF - United States Government Printing Office, 1998. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 PB - United States Government Printing Office KW - Social status -- United States KW - Blacks -- United States KW - United States -- Social conditions KW - Quality of life -- United States KW - Hispanics KW - Racial differences -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59878738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Changing+America%3A+indicators+of+social+and+economic+well-being+by+race+and+Hispanic+origin&rft.title=Changing+America%3A+indicators+of+social+and+economic+well-being+by+race+and+Hispanic+origin&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.access.gpo.gov/eop/ca/index.html LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Govt Printing Office N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - S. 2082, the International Postal Services Act of 1998: hearing, June 2, 1998, on S. 2082, to amend Chapter 36 of Title 39, United States Code, to provide authority to fix rates and fees for domestic and international postal services, and for other purposes T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-690 AN - 59878577; 1998-1211370 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+79 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+79 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160576873 KW - United States -- Postal service -- Legislation KW - Postal service -- International aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59878577?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057687-3) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Clean Air Act: proposed regional haze regulations: hearing, April 23, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-677 AN - 59878564; 1999-0107430 AB - Examines 40 states' requests for changes in the rule to address problems of haze that decreases visibility in national parks and wilderness areas; focuses on six main issues; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+146 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+146 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160576997 KW - Air pollution -- Regulation KW - Parks, National -- Environmental aspects KW - United States -- Environmental policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59878564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B146&rft.isbn=0160576997&rft.btitle=Clean+Air+Act%3A+proposed+regional+haze+regulations%3A+hearing%2C+April+23%2C+1998&rft.title=Clean+Air+Act%3A+proposed+regional+haze+regulations%3A+hearing%2C+April+23%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057699-7) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Ten years of the Safe Kids Campaign: hearing, May 5, 1998, on examining the success of the Safe Kids Campaign after its 10 years of implementation T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-554 AN - 59878298; 1998-0909620 AB - Commends and recognizes the National Safe Kids Campaign, and its efforts to reduce preventable deaths among children; some focus on motor vehicle safety measures; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+66 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+66 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016057269X KW - Safety education -- United States KW - Child welfare -- United States KW - Traffic safety -- United States KW - Safety measures -- United States KW - United States -- Social policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59878298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B66&rft.isbn=016057269X&rft.btitle=Ten+years+of+the+Safe+Kids+Campaign%3A+hearing%2C+May+5%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+the+success+of+the+Safe+Kids+Campaign+after+its+10+years+of+implementation&rft.title=Ten+years+of+the+Safe+Kids+Campaign%3A+hearing%2C+May+5%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+the+success+of+the+Safe+Kids+Campaign+after+its+10+years+of+implementation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057269-X) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Environmental tobacco smoke: hearing, April 1, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-678 AN - 59877828; 1998-1211140 AB - Discusses the federal role in reducing exposure to ETS; includes research on the health consequences of second-hand smoke; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+101 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+101 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160576598 KW - Smoking -- Regulation KW - Environmental health -- United States KW - Public health -- United States KW - Indoor air pollution -- United States KW - United States -- Health policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59877828?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B101&rft.isbn=0160576598&rft.btitle=Environmental+tobacco+smoke%3A+hearing%2C+April+1%2C+1998&rft.title=Environmental+tobacco+smoke%3A+hearing%2C+April+1%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057659-8) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - United States policy toward Iran: hearing, May 14, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-611 AN - 59877638; 1998-1209860 AB - Iran as a state sponsor of international terrorism and anti-US and Western Islamic fundamentalism, its development of weapons of mass destruction and guided missiles, and impact on regional and international security. Prospects for improved bilateral relations. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+44 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+44 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160574625 KW - Islam and politics -- Iran KW - Weapons of mass destruction -- Iran KW - Iran -- Foreign relations -- United States KW - Iran -- Defenses KW - Diplomacy -- United States KW - United States -- Foreign relations -- Iran KW - Regional security -- Persian gulf region KW - Terrorism -- International aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59877638?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B44&rft.isbn=0160574625&rft.btitle=United+States+policy+toward+Iran%3A+hearing%2C+May+14%2C+1998&rft.title=United+States+policy+toward+Iran%3A+hearing%2C+May+14%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057462-5) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - National Cancer Institute's management of radiation studies: hearing, September 16, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-686 AN - 59877620; 1998-1210970 AB - Examines the NCI's management of a study assessing radiation effects of nuclear weapons tests, particularly of exposure of US citizens to Iodine-131. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+894 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+894 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160576822 KW - Atomic weapons -- Testing KW - Radiation KW - United States -- National cancer institute KW - Public health -- United States KW - United States -- Health conditions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59877620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B894&rft.isbn=0160576822&rft.btitle=National+Cancer+Institute%27s+management+of+radiation+studies%3A+hearing%2C+September+16%2C+1998&rft.title=National+Cancer+Institute%27s+management+of+radiation+studies%3A+hearing%2C+September+16%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057682-2) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Protecting America's youth in a modern economy: child labor in the United States: hearing, June 11, 1998, on examining the Department of Labor efforts and proposals to combat abusive child labor T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-601 AN - 59876818; 1998-1012590 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+211 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+211 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160574188 KW - United States -- Labor policy KW - Child labor -- United States -- Legislation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59876818?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B211&rft.isbn=0160574188&rft.btitle=Protecting+America%27s+youth+in+a+modern+economy%3A+child+labor+in+the+United+States%3A+hearing%2C+June+11%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+the+Department+of+Labor+efforts+and+proposals+to+combat+abusive+child+labor&rft.title=Protecting+America%27s+youth+in+a+modern+economy%3A+child+labor+in+the+United+States%3A+hearing%2C+June+11%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+the+Department+of+Labor+efforts+and+proposals+to+combat+abusive+child+labor&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057418-8) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Investigation of illegal or improper activities in connection with the 1996 federal election campaign: hearings, Sept. 16-October 30, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-300 AN - 59876217; 1998-1009920 AB - Examines fundraising activities of the Democratic National Committee (DNC) and the Clinton-Gore reelection campaign, and related matters. Covers questions of access and influence in the Clinton administration, including White House "coffees" and overnight visits in the Lincoln Bedroom, role of John Huang, Johnny Chung, and James Riady of the Lippo Group in channeling foreign funds, lobbying by businessman Roger Tamraz, and "soft money". JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 PB - Superintendent of Documents KW - Government investigations -- United States KW - Campaign funds -- United States KW - United States -- Government and politics KW - Corruption -- United States KW - Political parties -- Finance KW - Campaigns, Presidential -- 1996 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59876217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Investigation+of+illegal+or+improper+activities+in+connection+with+the+1996+federal+election+campaign%3A+hearings%2C+Sept.+16-October+30%2C+1997&rft.title=Investigation+of+illegal+or+improper+activities+in+connection+with+the+1996+federal+election+campaign%3A+hearings%2C+Sept.+16-October+30%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), il(s), table(s), chart(s) N1 - SuppNotes - 10pts N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - FY 1999 federal budget publications and The 1998 economic report of the President AN - 59876061; 1998-1000760 AB - Budget documents; citizen's guide to the federal budget; mid-session review of receipts, outlays, and budget authority, 1998-2003; with links to 1998, 1997, and 1996 budget publications. JF - United States Government Printing Office, 1998. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 PB - United States Government Printing Office KW - United States -- Appropriations and expenditures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59876061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0643060022&rft.btitle=Soils+and+plants+in+integrated+catchment+management%3A+From+process+models+to+catchment+health+indicators&rft.title=Soils+and+plants+in+integrated+catchment+management%3A+From+process+models+to+catchment+health+indicators&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://w3.access.gpo.gov/usbudget/index.html LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Govt Printing Office N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Organ donations: special hearings, September 10 and 12, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-700 AN - 59875608; 1999-0203130 AB - On the proposal by the Department of Health and Human Services to give priority to patients waiting for organ donations on the basis of need, without regard to geography. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+92 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+92 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160577012 KW - United States -- Health and human services department KW - United States -- Health policy KW - Transplantation of organs, tissues, etc. -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59875608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B92&rft.isbn=0160577012&rft.btitle=Organ+donations%3A+special+hearings%2C+September+10+and+12%2C+1998&rft.title=Organ+donations%3A+special+hearings%2C+September+10+and+12%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057701-2) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The crisis in Kosovo: hearings, May 6 and June 24, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-649 AN - 59875325; 1998-1207410 AB - Discusses potential ramifications on regional stability of the conflict between the Kosovar Albanian separatist movement, with its Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), and the Serbian government. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+84 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+84 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160576105 KW - Yugoslavia (Federal Republic) -- Government and politics KW - Serbia -- Government and politics KW - Ethnic conflict -- Serbia -- Kosovo KW - Regional security -- Balkan states KW - Albanians in Serbia -- Nationalism KW - Kosovo liberation army UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59875325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cities&rft.issn=02642751&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2F0264-2751%2896%2900026-1 LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057610-5) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Separate sovereignty or independence for Puerto Rico: hearing, June 23, 1998, on issues raised by separate sovereignty and independence T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-642 AN - 59875106; 1998-1209900 AB - Issue of self-determination by referendum for continued Commonwealth status, statehood, or independence. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+66 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+66 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160575656 KW - Statehood (United States) KW - Puerto Rico -- Government and politics KW - United States and Puerto Rico KW - Puerto Rico -- Nationalism KW - Referendum -- Puerto Rico UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59875106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B66&rft.isbn=0160575656&rft.btitle=Separate+sovereignty+or+independence+for+Puerto+Rico%3A+hearing%2C+June+23%2C+1998%2C+on+issues+raised+by+separate+sovereignty+and+independence&rft.title=Separate+sovereignty+or+independence+for+Puerto+Rico%3A+hearing%2C+June+23%2C+1998%2C+on+issues+raised+by+separate+sovereignty+and+independence&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057565-6) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Puerto Rico status: workshop, pt. 1, April 2, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-517, pt. 1 AN - 59813138; 1998-0909090 AB - Examines the issue of political self-determination, attitudes of Puerto Ricans toward continued Commonwealth status, statehood, or independence, and means of holding a plebiscite or referendum on the issue. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+52 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+52 PB - Superintendent of Documents KW - Political attitudes -- Puerto Rico KW - Statehood (United States) KW - Puerto Rico -- Government and politics KW - United States and Puerto Rico KW - Puerto Rico -- Nationalism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59813138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4%2C+pt.+A&rft.spage=414&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotropica&rft.issn=00063606&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Term limits of campaign finance reform: which provides true political reform? hearing, February 24, 1998, on S.J. Res 16, proposing a constitutional amendment to limit congressional terms, and S. 25, to reform the financing of federal elections T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. Serial no. J-105-74 S. hearing 105-511 AN - 59805863; 1998-0909070 AB - Examines the "McCain-Feingold" bill and other reform measures. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+115 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+115 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016057112X KW - Legislators -- Term of office KW - Political ethics -- United States KW - Campaign funds -- United States KW - United States -- Government and politics KW - Campaign funds -- Regulation KW - United States -- Constitution -- Amendments KW - Corruption -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59805863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B115&rft.isbn=016057112X&rft.btitle=Term+limits+of+campaign+finance+reform%3A+which+provides+true+political+reform%3F+hearing%2C+February+24%2C+1998%2C+on+S.J.+Res+16%2C+proposing+a+constitutional+amendment+to+limit+congressional+terms%2C+and+S.+25%2C+to+reform+the+financing+of+federal+elections&rft.title=Term+limits+of+campaign+finance+reform%3A+which+provides+true+political+reform%3F+hearing%2C+February+24%2C+1998%2C+on+S.J.+Res+16%2C+proposing+a+constitutional+amendment+to+limit+congressional+terms%2C+and+S.+25%2C+to+reform+the+financing+of+federal+elections&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057112-X) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Overview of charter schools: hearing, March 31, 1998, on examining the role of charter schools in educational reform, state and federal funds, and S. 1380 and H.R. 2616, bills to extend the authorization of funds through fiscal year 2002 for Titles VI and X of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act to expand the implementation of public charter schools T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-483 AN - 59804201; 1998-0909270 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+101 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+101 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016057045X KW - Charter schools -- United States KW - United States -- Educational policy KW - Innovation in education -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59804201?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Clay+Science&rft.atitle=Lattice+vibrations+of+montmorillonite%3A+an+FT+Raman+and+X-ray+diffraction+study&rft.au=Frost%2C+Ray+L%3BRintoul%2C+Llew&rft.aulast=Frost&rft.aufirst=Ray&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2-4&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Clay+Science&rft.issn=01691317&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0169-1317%2896%2900017-8 LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057045-X) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Health care information confidentiality: hearing, February 26, 1998, on examining proposed legislation to protect the confidentiality of medical information, including S. 1368, to provide individuals with access to health information of which they are the subject, ensure personal privacy with respect to personal medical records and health care-related information, impose criminal and civil penalties for unauthorized use of personal health information, and to provide for the strong enforcement of these rights T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-455 AN - 59803520; 1998-0811930 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+132 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+132 PB - Superintendent of Documents KW - United States -- Medical sector KW - Privacy -- United States -- Legislation KW - United States -- Information policy KW - Medical records -- United States -- Legislation KW - United States -- Law enforcement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59803520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B132&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Health+care+information+confidentiality%3A+hearing%2C+February+26%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+proposed+legislation+to+protect+the+confidentiality+of+medical+information%2C+including+S.+1368%2C+to+provide+individuals+with+access+to+health+information+of+which+they+are+the+subject%2C+ensure+personal+privacy+with+respect+to+personal+medical+records+and+health+care-related+information%2C+impose+criminal+and+civil+penalties+for+unauthorized+use+of+personal+health+information%2C+and+to+provide+for+the+strong+enforcement+of+these+rights&rft.title=Health+care+information+confidentiality%3A+hearing%2C+February+26%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+proposed+legislation+to+protect+the+confidentiality+of+medical+information%2C+including+S.+1368%2C+to+provide+individuals+with+access+to+health+information+of+which+they+are+the+subject%2C+ensure+personal+privacy+with+respect+to+personal+medical+records+and+health+care-related+information%2C+impose+criminal+and+civil+penalties+for+unauthorized+use+of+personal+health+information%2C+and+to+provide+for+the+strong+enforcement+of+these+rights&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The Nation at Risk: report of the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection: hearing, November 5, 1997, on reviewing the findings and recommendations of the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection report, and examining policy implications of new risks to the information-based national infrastructure T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. Serial no. J-105-68 S. hearing 105-447 AN - 59801641; 1998-0811600 AB - Examines issues in government systems to protect communications and information systems which are largely controlled by the private sector; focus on potential needs related to the threat of strategic information attack by a foreign power, or information warfare; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+72 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+72 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160565316 KW - Information technology -- Military applications KW - Military strategy -- United States KW - United States -- Information policy KW - Computer networks -- Security measures KW - United States -- Communications sector KW - Military planning -- United States KW - United States -- Defenses KW - Data base systems -- Security measures KW - Internet -- Security measures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59801641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=document&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-11-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0160538971&rft.btitle=Improving+the+Well-Being+of+Abused+and+Neglected+Children.+Hearing+on+Exploring+How+the+Well-Being+of+Abused+and+Neglected+Children+Can+Be+Improved+through+Clarifying+the+Reasonable+Efforts+Requirement+of+the+Adoption+Assistance+and+Child+Welfare+Act+To+Make+the+Child%27s+Health+and+Safety+the+Primary+Concern%2C+before+the+Committee+on+Labor+and+Human+Resources.+United+States+Senate%2C+One+Hundred+Fourth+Congress%2C+Second+Session.&rft.title=Improving+the+Well-Being+of+Abused+and+Neglected+Children.+Hearing+on+Exploring+How+the+Well-Being+of+Abused+and+Neglected+Children+Can+Be+Improved+through+Clarifying+the+Reasonable+Efforts+Requirement+of+the+Adoption+Assistance+and+Child+Welfare+Act+To+Make+the+Child%27s+Health+and+Safety+the+Primary+Concern%2C+before+the+Committee+on+Labor+and+Human+Resources.+United+States+Senate%2C+One+Hundred+Fourth+Congress%2C+Second+Session.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056531-6) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Fraud on the Internet: scams affecting consumers: hearing, February 10, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-453 AN - 59799855; 1998-0812220 AB - How criminals can use the Internet. and how to educate consumers to detect and report illegal schemes, and protect themselves from being victimized; with discussion of role of private firms and the government in Internet law enforcement. Describes traditional types of fraud adapted to electronic communication, and also new scams being developed specifically for the Internet. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+362 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+362 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160565081 KW - Consumer protection -- United States KW - Crime prevention -- United States KW - Crime and criminals -- United States KW - Fraud -- United States KW - Computer networks -- Security measures KW - Computers and crime -- United States KW - Internet -- Security measures KW - Data transmission systems -- Security measures KW - United States -- Law enforcement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59799855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B362&rft.isbn=0160565081&rft.btitle=Fraud+on+the+Internet%3A+scams+affecting+consumers%3A+hearing%2C+February+10%2C+1998&rft.title=Fraud+on+the+Internet%3A+scams+affecting+consumers%3A+hearing%2C+February+10%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056508-1) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), chart(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Implications of the Kyoto Protocol on climate change: hearing, February 11, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-457 AN - 59799489; 1998-0812010 AB - Examines conditions of the proposed treaty considered detrimental to US interests; issues include developing country commitments, potential damage to the US economy, fair treatment of US interests, and impacts on national sovereignty and security. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+92 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+92 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160565502 KW - Global warming -- Treaties KW - Air pollution -- Treaties KW - United States -- Environmental policy KW - Climate -- Treaties KW - Environmental policy -- Treaties UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59799489?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B92&rft.isbn=0160565502&rft.btitle=Implications+of+the+Kyoto+Protocol+on+climate+change%3A+hearing%2C+February+11%2C+1998&rft.title=Implications+of+the+Kyoto+Protocol+on+climate+change%3A+hearing%2C+February+11%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056550-2) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Criminal gangs in Indian country: joint hearing, September 17, 1997, before the Committee on the Judiciary, and the Committee on Indian Affairs, on examining the incidence of youth violence and criminal gang activity within Indian country T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. Serial no. J-105-46 S. hearing 105-341 AN - 59798237; 1998-0908040 AB - Increase in Native American gang activity on tribal reservations; federal government law enforcement role and juvenile justice issues. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+70 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+70 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160561612 KW - Tribes and tribal system -- United States KW - Youth -- Social aspects KW - Gangs -- United States KW - Violence -- United States KW - Indians -- Reservations KW - Juvenile justice -- United States KW - United States -- Native races KW - Juvenile delinquents -- United States KW - United States -- Law enforcement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59798237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B70&rft.isbn=0160561612&rft.btitle=Criminal+gangs+in+Indian+country%3A+joint+hearing%2C+September+17%2C+1997%2C+before+the+Committee+on+the+Judiciary%2C+and+the+Committee+on+Indian+Affairs%2C+on+examining+the+incidence+of+youth+violence+and+criminal+gang+activity+within+Indian+country&rft.title=Criminal+gangs+in+Indian+country%3A+joint+hearing%2C+September+17%2C+1997%2C+before+the+Committee+on+the+Judiciary%2C+and+the+Committee+on+Indian+Affairs%2C+on+examining+the+incidence+of+youth+violence+and+criminal+gang+activity+within+Indian+country&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056161-2) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Asian and African elephant conservation: hearing, November 4, 1997, on the consideration of S. 1287, the Asian Elephant Conservation Act, and S. 627, the African Elephant Conservation Act T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-409 AN - 59797522; 1998-0812180 AB - Authorizes federal assistance for conservation programs; with discussion of advisability of establishing a fund to assist in conservation of a variety of species, rather than one species at a time. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+71 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+71 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160570581 KW - Elephants -- Conservation KW - Endangered species -- Economic aspects KW - Wildlife conservation -- Federal aid KW - United States -- Environmental policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59797522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B71&rft.isbn=0160570581&rft.btitle=Asian+and+African+elephant+conservation%3A+hearing%2C+November+4%2C+1997%2C+on+the+consideration+of+S.+1287%2C+the+Asian+Elephant+Conservation+Act%2C+and+S.+627%2C+the+African+Elephant+Conservation+Act&rft.title=Asian+and+African+elephant+conservation%3A+hearing%2C+November+4%2C+1997%2C+on+the+consideration+of+S.+1287%2C+the+Asian+Elephant+Conservation+Act%2C+and+S.+627%2C+the+African+Elephant+Conservation+Act&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057058-1) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - HIV/AIDS: recent developments and future opportunities: hearing, October 30, 1997, on examining the scale of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and recent developments in AIDS research, and S. 353 and provisions of H.R. 1023, measures to provide for compassionate payments with regard to individuals with blood-clotting disorders, such as hemophilia, who contracted human immunodeficiency virus due to contaminated blood products T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-316 AN - 59797086; 1998-0812080 AB - Examines issues concerned with new, more expensive treatments which are not available to all HIV/AIDS victims, as well as special circumstances affecting those infected by blood products; exhibits discuss government responsibility for regulating blood products. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+216 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+216 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160570697 KW - United States -- Medical sector KW - Blood banks -- Regulation KW - Hemophiliacs -- United States KW - Medical service -- Economic aspects KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59797086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B216&rft.isbn=0160570697&rft.btitle=HIV%2FAIDS%3A+recent+developments+and+future+opportunities%3A+hearing%2C+October+30%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+the+scale+of+the+HIV%2FAIDS+epidemic+and+recent+developments+in+AIDS+research%2C+and+S.+353+and+provisions+of+H.R.+1023%2C+measures+to+provide+for+compassionate+payments+with+regard+to+individuals+with+blood-clotting+disorders%2C+such+as+hemophilia%2C+who+contracted+human+immunodeficiency+virus+due+to+contaminated+blood+products&rft.title=HIV%2FAIDS%3A+recent+developments+and+future+opportunities%3A+hearing%2C+October+30%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+the+scale+of+the+HIV%2FAIDS+epidemic+and+recent+developments+in+AIDS+research%2C+and+S.+353+and+provisions+of+H.R.+1023%2C+measures+to+provide+for+compassionate+payments+with+regard+to+individuals+with+blood-clotting+disorders%2C+such+as+hemophilia%2C+who+contracted+human+immunodeficiency+virus+due+to+contaminated+blood+products&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057069-7) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Research on neurological and communication disorders: special hearing, [June 5, 1997] T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-536 AN - 59796742; 1998-0909400 AB - Discusses the need for funding for spinal cord injury research, and support of the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, and other National Institutes of Health (NIH) research. Also available on the Internet. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+30 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+30 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160571766 KW - Medical research -- Finance KW - Disabled -- Research KW - United States -- National institutes of health KW - Neurological disorders -- Research KW - Communication -- Research KW - Deaf -- Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59796742?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B30&rft.isbn=0160571766&rft.btitle=Research+on+neurological+and+communication+disorders%3A+special+hearing%2C&rft.title=Research+on+neurological+and+communication+disorders%3A+special+hearing%2C&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057176-6) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - S. 255, the Law Enforcement and Public Safety Telecommunication Empowerment Act: hearing, May 15, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-434 AN - 59796578; 1998-0908940 AB - Proposed legislation implementing Federal Communications Commission (FCC) recommendation to reallocate the electromagnetic spectrum to enhance public safety communications. Reallocation of 24 megaherz (MHz) between Channels 60-69. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+73 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+73 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016056476X KW - Telecommunications -- Regulation KW - Radio frequency allocation -- United States KW - United States -- Communications sector KW - Public safety services -- United States KW - United States -- Federal communications commission KW - Emergency communication systems -- United States KW - Public safety -- United States KW - United States -- Law enforcement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59796578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B73&rft.isbn=016056476X&rft.btitle=S.+255%2C+the+Law+Enforcement+and+Public+Safety+Telecommunication+Empowerment+Act%3A+hearing%2C+May+15%2C+1997&rft.title=S.+255%2C+the+Law+Enforcement+and+Public+Safety+Telecommunication+Empowerment+Act%3A+hearing%2C+May+15%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056476-X) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Climate treaty: hearing, September 30, 1997, on the impacts of a new climate treaty on U.S. labor, electricity supply, manufacturing and the general economy T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-331 AN - 59796568; 1998-0908210 AB - Examines Clinton administration policy on multilateral negotiations leading to a new global treaty to combat global warming, called the Kyoto Protocol. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+124 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+124 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160561345 KW - Environmental law -- United States KW - Global warming -- Treaties KW - United States -- Environmental policy -- Economic aspects KW - Air pollution -- Treaties KW - Environmental policy -- Treaties UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59796568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B124&rft.isbn=0160561345&rft.btitle=Climate+treaty%3A+hearing%2C+September+30%2C+1997%2C+on+the+impacts+of+a+new+climate+treaty+on+U.S.+labor%2C+electricity+supply%2C+manufacturing+and+the+general+economy&rft.title=Climate+treaty%3A+hearing%2C+September+30%2C+1997%2C+on+the+impacts+of+a+new+climate+treaty+on+U.S.+labor%2C+electricity+supply%2C+manufacturing+and+the+general+economy&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056134-5) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - School age care: creative solutions for out-of-school care: hearing, March 5, 1998, on examining proposals to coordinate federal and state efforts to establish increased programs to provide after school care for children, including S. 882, to improve academic and social outcomes for students by providing productive activities during after school hours T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-492 AN - 59795062; 1998-0909240 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+60 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+60 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160570565 KW - Child care -- United States KW - Students -- Social aspects KW - Child welfare -- United States KW - Innovation in education -- United States KW - United States -- Social policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59795062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B60&rft.isbn=0160570565&rft.btitle=School+age+care%3A+creative+solutions+for+out-of-school+care%3A+hearing%2C+March+5%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+proposals+to+coordinate+federal+and+state+efforts+to+establish+increased+programs+to+provide+after+school+care+for+children%2C+including+S.+882%2C+to+improve+academic+and+social+outcomes+for+students+by+providing+productive+activities+during+after+school+hours&rft.title=School+age+care%3A+creative+solutions+for+out-of-school+care%3A+hearing%2C+March+5%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+proposals+to+coordinate+federal+and+state+efforts+to+establish+increased+programs+to+provide+after+school+care+for+children%2C+including+S.+882%2C+to+improve+academic+and+social+outcomes+for+students+by+providing+productive+activities+during+after+school+hours&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057056-5) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Contaminated frozen strawberries in school lunches: hearing, June 5, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-476 AN - 59794796; 1998-0807470 AB - Examines prevention measures based on facts of the outbreak of hepatitis A allegedly caused by tainted strawberries imported from Mexico and served in school lunches of approximately 250 school children; Michigan. Some focus on the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Michigan Department of Community Health. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+56 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+56 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016057031X KW - United States -- Centers for disease control KW - Agricultural products -- Mexico KW - Michigan -- Health conditions KW - School health -- United States -- Michigan KW - Food industry -- Export-import trade KW - Food poisoning -- United States -- Michigan KW - Food contamination and inspection -- United States -- Michigan KW - United States -- Food and drug administration KW - United States -- Agriculture department UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59794796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B56&rft.isbn=016057031X&rft.btitle=Contaminated+frozen+strawberries+in+school+lunches%3A+hearing%2C+June+5%2C+1997&rft.title=Contaminated+frozen+strawberries+in+school+lunches%3A+hearing%2C+June+5%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057031-X) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Outdoor recreation: a reader for Congress, June 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. Com. print S. print 105-53 AN - 59794454; 1998-0811890 AB - Compilation of research materials on the contemporary recreation industry; public health and economic benefits, government regulation and support for facilities development and maintenance; trends and issues; more than 125 papers and presentations; US. Prepared by the Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress. Contents: Recreation today; Economics of recreation; Federal role in recreation; State and local recreation needs. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. xi+1081 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - xi+1081 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160570077 KW - Recreation -- United States KW - United States -- Service sector KW - Recreation areas -- Federal aid KW - Public lands -- United States KW - Parks, National -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59794454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=xi%2B1081&rft.isbn=0160570077&rft.btitle=Outdoor+recreation%3A+a+reader+for+Congress%2C+June+1998&rft.title=Outdoor+recreation%3A+a+reader+for+Congress%2C+June+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057007-7) pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The Copyright Office report on compulsory licensing of broadcast signals: hearing, November 12, 1997, on examining recommendations of the copyright licensing regimes governing the retransmission of over-the-air radio and television broadcast signals by cable systems, satellite carriers, and other multichannel video providers, including a proposed extension of the Satellite Home Viewer Act which expires in 1999 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. Serial no. J-105-69 S. hearing 105-472 AN - 59794288; 1998-0811590 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+144 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+144 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160565804 KW - Television stations -- Licensing KW - Broadcasting -- Regulation KW - Copyright -- United States KW - Property, Intellectual -- Legal aspects KW - Cable television -- Licensing KW - United States -- Information policy KW - Satellite broadcasting -- Regulation KW - United States -- Communications sector KW - Radio stations -- Licensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59794288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B144&rft.isbn=0160565804&rft.btitle=The+Copyright+Office+report+on+compulsory+licensing+of+broadcast+signals%3A+hearing%2C+November+12%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+recommendations+of+the+copyright+licensing+regimes+governing+the+retransmission+of+over-the-air+radio+and+television+broadcast+signals+by+cable+systems%2C+satellite+carriers%2C+and+other+multichannel+video+providers%2C+including+a+proposed+extension+of+the+Satellite+Home+Viewer+Act+which+expires+in+1999&rft.title=The+Copyright+Office+report+on+compulsory+licensing+of+broadcast+signals%3A+hearing%2C+November+12%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+recommendations+of+the+copyright+licensing+regimes+governing+the+retransmission+of+over-the-air+radio+and+television+broadcast+signals+by+cable+systems%2C+satellite+carriers%2C+and+other+multichannel+video+providers%2C+including+a+proposed+extension+of+the+Satellite+Home+Viewer+Act+which+expires+in+1999&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056580-4) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Caring for America's children--a congressional symposium on child care and parenting: hearing, February 23, 1998, on examining three vital questions which should be addressed before action is taken by this Congress concerning the care of our nation's children; first, what is best for children? second, what do families really want? and third, what truly effective steps can be taken to enable families to provide the best care they can get for their children? it is critical that these questions be asked and answered before federal solutions are proposed T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-452 AN - 59793578; 1998-0811940 AB - How to best insure adequate daycare for children of working parents while recognizing commitments of non-working spouses whose primary responsibility is child raising; with discussion of diverse needs of middle class and poor families. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+94 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+94 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160565138 KW - Employment -- Parents KW - Child care -- United States KW - Child welfare -- United States KW - Labor conditions -- United States KW - United States -- Social policy KW - Day care centers -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59793578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B94&rft.isbn=0160565138&rft.btitle=Caring+for+America%27s+children--a+congressional+symposium+on+child+care+and+parenting%3A+hearing%2C+February+23%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+three+vital+questions+which+should+be+addressed+before+action+is+taken+by+this+Congress+concerning+the+care+of+our+nation%27s+children%3B+first%2C+what+is+best+for+children%3F+second%2C+what+do+families+really+want%3F+and+third%2C+what+truly+effective+steps+can+be+taken+to+enable+families+to+provide+the+best+care+they+can+get+for+their+children%3F+it+is+critical+that+these+questions+be+asked+and+answered+before+federal+solutions+are+proposed&rft.title=Caring+for+America%27s+children--a+congressional+symposium+on+child+care+and+parenting%3A+hearing%2C+February+23%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+three+vital+questions+which+should+be+addressed+before+action+is+taken+by+this+Congress+concerning+the+care+of+our+nation%27s+children%3B+first%2C+what+is+best+for+children%3F+second%2C+what+do+families+really+want%3F+and+third%2C+what+truly+effective+steps+can+be+taken+to+enable+families+to+provide+the+best+care+they+can+get+for+their+children%3F+it+is+critical+that+these+questions+be+asked+and+answered+before+federal+solutions+are+proposed&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056513-8) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Chlorofluorocarbon propellants in the atmosphere, inhalers and regulation: hearing, April 2, 1998, on examining the federal role in the implementation of Title VI of the Clean Air Act as it relates to the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) in metered-dose inhalers (MDI), and an advance notice of proposed rulemaking to phase out essential-use exemptions for CFC-based MDI's T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-519 AN - 59793487; 1998-0909480 AB - Examines issues in proposed phase-out of CFCs for metered dose medical inhalers; cost and effectiveness of alternatives, impact on patients' health, public information on proposed changes, and other concerns; US. Use of MDIs to deliver drugs for treatment and prevention of chronic lung ailments including asthma, COPD, and cystic fibrosis. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+81 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+81 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160571421 KW - Medical instruments and apparatus -- Regulation KW - Prescriptions -- Regulation KW - Public health education -- United States KW - United States -- Health policy KW - Fluorocarbons -- Regulation KW - United States -- Environmental policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59793487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B81&rft.isbn=0160571421&rft.btitle=Chlorofluorocarbon+propellants+in+the+atmosphere%2C+inhalers+and+regulation%3A+hearing%2C+April+2%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+the+federal+role+in+the+implementation+of+Title+VI+of+the+Clean+Air+Act+as+it+relates+to+the+use+of+chlorofluorocarbons+%28CFC%29+in+metered-dose+inhalers+%28MDI%29%2C+and+an+advance+notice+of+proposed+rulemaking+to+phase+out+essential-use+exemptions+for+CFC-based+MDI%27s&rft.title=Chlorofluorocarbon+propellants+in+the+atmosphere%2C+inhalers+and+regulation%3A+hearing%2C+April+2%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+the+federal+role+in+the+implementation+of+Title+VI+of+the+Clean+Air+Act+as+it+relates+to+the+use+of+chlorofluorocarbons+%28CFC%29+in+metered-dose+inhalers+%28MDI%29%2C+and+an+advance+notice+of+proposed+rulemaking+to+phase+out+essential-use+exemptions+for+CFC-based+MDI%27s&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057142-1) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Special forest products: hearing, February 25, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-505 AN - 59793486; 1998-0811690 AB - Reviews US Forest Service efforts to develop and implement new harvesting and monitoring programs, manage competition between native American tribes and commercial harvesters, and promote community forestry; national forests. With reference to foods and flavorings, medicinal herbs and pharmaceuticals, decoratives, floral greenery and dyes, special wood products, landscaping materials, posts and piles, floral greenery, and other materials. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+83 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+83 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160571022 KW - Conservation of resources -- United States KW - Forests, National -- Administration KW - United States -- Forest service KW - United States -- Environmental policy KW - Natural resources -- United States KW - United States -- Native races KW - Forest products -- Regulation KW - Indians -- Economic conditions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59793486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B83&rft.isbn=0160571022&rft.btitle=Special+forest+products%3A+hearing%2C+February+25%2C+1998&rft.title=Special+forest+products%3A+hearing%2C+February+25%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057102-2) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The impact of Section 110 of the 1996 Immigration Act on land borders of the United States: hearing, November 5, 1997, on S. 1360, a bill to amend the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 to clarify and improve the requirements for the development of an automated entry-exit control system, to enhance land border control and enforcement, and for other purposes T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. Serial no. J-105-89 S. hearing 105-442 AN - 59792715; 1998-0909040 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+101 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+101 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160564913 KW - Internal security -- United States KW - Law enforcement -- Information processing systems KW - Immigration and emigration -- United States -- Legislation KW - United States -- Immigration policy KW - Electronics in criminal investigation, espionage, etc. -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59792715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B101&rft.isbn=0160564913&rft.btitle=The+impact+of+Section+110+of+the+1996+Immigration+Act+on+land+borders+of+the+United+States%3A+hearing%2C+November+5%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+1360%2C+a+bill+to+amend+the+Illegal+Immigration+Reform+and+Immigrant+Responsibility+Act+of+1996+to+clarify+and+improve+the+requirements+for+the+development+of+an+automated+entry-exit+control+system%2C+to+enhance+land+border+control+and+enforcement%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.title=The+impact+of+Section+110+of+the+1996+Immigration+Act+on+land+borders+of+the+United+States%3A+hearing%2C+November+5%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+1360%2C+a+bill+to+amend+the+Illegal+Immigration+Reform+and+Immigrant+Responsibility+Act+of+1996+to+clarify+and+improve+the+requirements+for+the+development+of+an+automated+entry-exit+control+system%2C+to+enhance+land+border+control+and+enforcement%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056491-3) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The copyright infringement liability of online and Internet service providers: hearing, September 4, 1997, on S. 1146, a bill to amend Title 17, United States Code, to provide limitations on copyright liability relating to material online, and for other purposes T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-366 Serial no. J-105-44 AN - 59792422; 1998-0508550 AB - Examines service provider liability for copyright violations related to content delivered electronically over their networks; discusses international and national intellectual property protections; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+117 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+117 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160562635 KW - Telecommunications -- Legal aspects KW - Copyright -- United States KW - Internet -- Legal aspects KW - Property, Intellectual -- United States -- Legislation KW - United States -- Information policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59792422?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B117&rft.isbn=0160562635&rft.btitle=The+copyright+infringement+liability+of+online+and+Internet+service+providers%3A+hearing%2C+September+4%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+1146%2C+a+bill+to+amend+Title+17%2C+United+States+Code%2C+to+provide+limitations+on+copyright+liability+relating+to+material+online%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.title=The+copyright+infringement+liability+of+online+and+Internet+service+providers%3A+hearing%2C+September+4%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+1146%2C+a+bill+to+amend+Title+17%2C+United+States+Code%2C+to+provide+limitations+on+copyright+liability+relating+to+material+online%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056263-5) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty: special hearing, [October 29, 1997] T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-480 AN - 59792085; 1998-0907910 AB - Explores impact of the CTBT on US defense and energy budgets. Effect on the Energy Department's Stockpile Stewardship and Management Program and verification programs. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+69 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+69 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160570115 KW - Atomic weapons -- Testing -- Treaties KW - Arms limitation -- Treaties KW - United States -- Defenses -- Finance KW - United States -- Military policy KW - Arms limitation -- Inspection KW - United States -- Energy department UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59792085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B69&rft.isbn=0160570115&rft.btitle=Comprehensive+Test+Ban+Treaty%3A+special+hearing%2C&rft.title=Comprehensive+Test+Ban+Treaty%3A+special+hearing%2C&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057011-5) pa N1 - Document feature - chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) enlargement costs: special hearings, [October 21-23, 1997] T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-451 AN - 59791700; 1998-0907940 AB - Implications for US defense spending and armed forces modernization of accession of Eastern and Central European countries. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. vi+163 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - vi+163 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160565243 KW - North Atlantic treaty organization -- Membership KW - Eastern Europe -- Foreign relations KW - Central Europe -- Foreign relations KW - United States -- Defenses -- Economic aspects KW - Europe -- Defenses -- Economic aspects KW - Regional security -- Europe UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59791700?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=vi%2B163&rft.isbn=0160565243&rft.btitle=North+Atlantic+Treaty+Organization+%28NATO%29+enlargement+costs%3A+special+hearings%2C&rft.title=North+Atlantic+Treaty+Organization+%28NATO%29+enlargement+costs%3A+special+hearings%2C&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056524-3) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The 1996 Telecom Act: an antitrust perspective: hearing, September 17, 1997, on examining the outlook for competition in the Telecommunications Act of 1996, and the role of the Department of Justice in promoting and protecting this competition T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. Serial no. J-105-47 S. hearing 105-378 AN - 59791378; 1998-0908610 AB - Assesses impact of the Act on prices and service in local, long distance, and cable markets. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+130 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+130 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160562775 KW - Competition -- Regulation KW - Telecommunications -- United States -- Legislation KW - United States -- Communications sector KW - United States -- Justice department KW - Trusts, Industrial -- United States -- Legislation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59791378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B130&rft.isbn=0160562775&rft.btitle=The+1996+Telecom+Act%3A+an+antitrust+perspective%3A+hearing%2C+September+17%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+the+outlook+for+competition+in+the+Telecommunications+Act+of+1996%2C+and+the+role+of+the+Department+of+Justice+in+promoting+and+protecting+this+competition&rft.title=The+1996+Telecom+Act%3A+an+antitrust+perspective%3A+hearing%2C+September+17%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+the+outlook+for+competition+in+the+Telecommunications+Act+of+1996%2C+and+the+role+of+the+Department+of+Justice+in+promoting+and+protecting+this+competition&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056277-5) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Endangered Species Recovery Act: hearings, September 23-24, 1997, on S. 1180, a bill to reauthorize the Endangered Species Act T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-369 AN - 59791233; 1998-0511360 AB - To protect natural resources and biodiversity; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+225 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+225 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160563089 KW - Wildlife conservation -- United States -- Legislation KW - Endangered species -- United States -- Legislation KW - United States -- Environmental policy -- Legislation KW - Nature conservation -- United States -- Legislation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59791233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B225&rft.isbn=0160563089&rft.btitle=Endangered+Species+Recovery+Act%3A+hearings%2C+September+23-24%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+1180%2C+a+bill+to+reauthorize+the+Endangered+Species+Act&rft.title=Endangered+Species+Recovery+Act%3A+hearings%2C+September+23-24%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+1180%2C+a+bill+to+reauthorize+the+Endangered+Species+Act&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056308-9) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Global health: U.S. response to infectious diseases: hearing, March 3, 1998, on examining how certain infectious diseases are a continuing threat to the health of United States citizens and of people around the world and the United States response to promote the international effort to combat emerging diseases T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-501 AN - 59790633; 1998-0809700 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+97 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+97 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160570735 KW - Public health -- International cooperation KW - Communicable diseases -- International aspects KW - United States -- Health policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59790633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B97&rft.isbn=0160570735&rft.btitle=Global+health%3A+U.S.+response+to+infectious+diseases%3A+hearing%2C+March+3%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+how+certain+infectious+diseases+are+a+continuing+threat+to+the+health+of+United+States+citizens+and+of+people+around+the+world+and+the+United+States+response+to+promote+the+international+effort+to+combat+emerging+diseases&rft.title=Global+health%3A+U.S.+response+to+infectious+diseases%3A+hearing%2C+March+3%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+how+certain+infectious+diseases+are+a+continuing+threat+to+the+health+of+United+States+citizens+and+of+people+around+the+world+and+the+United+States+response+to+promote+the+international+effort+to+combat+emerging+diseases&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057073-5) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Permanent extension of most-favored-nation (MFN) trade status to Romania: hearing, June 4, 1996, on H.R. 3161 and S. 1644 T2 - 104th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 104-885 AN - 59789942; 1998-0908320 AB - US authorization of nondiscriminatory MFN status. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+95 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+95 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160562988 KW - Romania -- Commerce -- United States KW - United States -- Commerce -- Romania KW - United States -- Commercial policy KW - Favored nation clause UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59789942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B95&rft.isbn=0160562988&rft.btitle=Permanent+extension+of+most-favored-nation+%28MFN%29+trade+status+to+Romania%3A+hearing%2C+June+4%2C+1996%2C+on+H.R.+3161+and+S.+1644&rft.title=Permanent+extension+of+most-favored-nation+%28MFN%29+trade+status+to+Romania%3A+hearing%2C+June+4%2C+1996%2C+on+H.R.+3161+and+S.+1644&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056298-8) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - State and local views of proposed national tobacco policy: hearing, February 19, 1998, on examining the scope and depth of the proposed settlement between state attorneys general and tobacco companies to mandate a total reformation and restructuring of how tobacco products are manufactured, marketed, and distributed in America T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-466 AN - 59789581; 1998-0807590 AB - Examines objectives to ensure various views' representation, the Preventing Addiction to Smoking among Teens (PAST) Act for improving public health provisions of the 1997 settlement against tobacco companies, and the role and authority of the FDA in policy; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+43 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+43 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160565669 KW - State and local government relations -- United States KW - Smoking -- Regulation KW - Tobacco industry -- United States -- Legislation KW - Public health -- United States KW - Youth -- Health KW - United States -- Health policy KW - United States -- Food and drug administration KW - Youth and law -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59789581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B43&rft.isbn=0160565669&rft.btitle=State+and+local+views+of+proposed+national+tobacco+policy%3A+hearing%2C+February+19%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+the+scope+and+depth+of+the+proposed+settlement+between+state+attorneys+general+and+tobacco+companies+to+mandate+a+total+reformation+and+restructuring+of+how+tobacco+products+are+manufactured%2C+marketed%2C+and+distributed+in+America&rft.title=State+and+local+views+of+proposed+national+tobacco+policy%3A+hearing%2C+February+19%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+the+scope+and+depth+of+the+proposed+settlement+between+state+attorneys+general+and+tobacco+companies+to+mandate+a+total+reformation+and+restructuring+of+how+tobacco+products+are+manufactured%2C+marketed%2C+and+distributed+in+America&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056566-9) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The impact of Section 110 of the 1996 Immigration Act on the Canadian-American border: hearing, October 14, 1997, on examining Section 110 and its implications, primarily in Michigan, on our industries--tourism, the auto industry, and other businesses--as well as how it will affect Canadian-American relations T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. Serial no. J-105-61 S. hearing 105-433 AN - 59789549; 1998-0602930 AB - Section 110 requires that the Immigration and Naturalization Service develop an automated system for documenting the arrival and departure of every alien entering or leaving the US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+62 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+62 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160564514 KW - Michigan -- Economic conditions KW - Canada -- Economic relations -- United States KW - United States -- Economic relations -- Canada KW - Canada -- Foreign relations -- United States KW - United States -- Immigration policy -- Legislation KW - United States -- Foreign relations -- Canada KW - United States and Canada -- Border areas UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59789549?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B62&rft.isbn=0160564514&rft.btitle=The+impact+of+Section+110+of+the+1996+Immigration+Act+on+the+Canadian-American+border%3A+hearing%2C+October+14%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+Section+110+and+its+implications%2C+primarily+in+Michigan%2C+on+our+industries--tourism%2C+the+auto+industry%2C+and+other+businesses--as+well+as+how+it+will+affect+Canadian-American+relations&rft.title=The+impact+of+Section+110+of+the+1996+Immigration+Act+on+the+Canadian-American+border%3A+hearing%2C+October+14%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+Section+110+and+its+implications%2C+primarily+in+Michigan%2C+on+our+industries--tourism%2C+the+auto+industry%2C+and+other+businesses--as+well+as+how+it+will+affect+Canadian-American+relations&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056451-4) pa N1 - Document feature - chart(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Effect of herbicide exposure on reproductive outcomes: hearing, September 19, 1996 T2 - 104th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 104-723 AN - 59789525; 1998-0908270 AB - Explores medical and scientific bases for compensating Vietnamese conflict veterans and their children who have diseases which may have been caused by exposure to herbicides, including Agent Orange. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+188 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+188 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160561175 KW - Government liability -- United States KW - Vietnamese conflict, 1961-75 KW - Herbicides -- Physiological effect KW - Child health -- United States KW - United States -- Armed forces -- Medical and sanitary affairs KW - Human reproduction -- United States KW - Veterans -- Health KW - Agent Orange -- Physiological effect KW - Medicine, Military -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59789525?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B188&rft.isbn=0160561175&rft.btitle=Effect+of+herbicide+exposure+on+reproductive+outcomes%3A+hearing%2C+September+19%2C+1996&rft.title=Effect+of+herbicide+exposure+on+reproductive+outcomes%3A+hearing%2C+September+19%2C+1996&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056117-5) pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Haitian Refugee Immigration Fairness Act: hearing, December 17, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. Serial no. J-105-71 S. hearing 105-485 AN - 59789475; 1998-0908030 AB - Proposed legislation to amend the 1996 Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act concerning the status of Haitian refugees. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+58 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+58 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160570336 KW - Immigration and emigration -- United States -- Legislation KW - United States -- Immigration policy KW - Refugees, Haitian -- Legal status, laws, etc. UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59789475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B58&rft.isbn=0160570336&rft.btitle=Haitian+Refugee+Immigration+Fairness+Act%3A+hearing%2C+December+17%2C+1997&rft.title=Haitian+Refugee+Immigration+Fairness+Act%3A+hearing%2C+December+17%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057033-6) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Compilation of hearings on national security issues, April 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. Com. print S. print 105-50 AN - 59789353; 1998-0907830 AB - Topics include nuclear deterrence, national missile defense and US-Russia relations, proliferation and China, US export controls, North Korea's missile proliferation, and US atomic weapons. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. xii+675 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - xii+675 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160563836 KW - Atomic weapons -- United States KW - Nuclear nonproliferation KW - Guided missiles -- Defenses KW - United States -- Defenses KW - Deterrence (strategy) -- United States KW - Munitions -- Export-import trade -- Regulation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59789353?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=xii%2B675&rft.isbn=0160563836&rft.btitle=Compilation+of+hearings+on+national+security+issues%2C+April+1998&rft.title=Compilation+of+hearings+on+national+security+issues%2C+April+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056383-6) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), chart(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Sexual harassment in the Department of Veterans Affairs: hearing, May 15, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-350 AN - 59788370; 1998-0907380 AB - Examines incidents of alleged harassment and VA responses. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+132 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+132 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160561760 KW - Women -- Crimes against KW - United States -- Veterans affairs department KW - Women government employees -- United States KW - Civil service -- United States KW - Sexual harassment -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59788370?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B132&rft.isbn=0160561760&rft.btitle=Sexual+harassment+in+the+Department+of+Veterans+Affairs%3A+hearing%2C+May+15%2C+1997&rft.title=Sexual+harassment+in+the+Department+of+Veterans+Affairs%3A+hearing%2C+May+15%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056176-0) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Congress' constitutional role in protecting religious liberty: hearing, October 1, 1997, on examining Congress' role in protecting religious liberty in the wake of the Supreme Court's decision in the case of City of Boerne v. Flores in which the Court held the Religious Freedom Restoration Act unconstitutional under the 14th Amendment as applied to the states T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-405 Serial no. J-105-55 AN - 59788280; 1998-0511310 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+88 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+88 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160563518 KW - United States -- Congress KW - United States -- Constitution -- Fourteenth amendment KW - Religious liberty -- United States KW - United States -- Supreme court -- Decisions KW - Federal and state relations -- Legal aspects KW - Constitutional law -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59788280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B88&rft.isbn=0160563518&rft.btitle=Congress%27+constitutional+role+in+protecting+religious+liberty%3A+hearing%2C+October+1%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+Congress%27+role+in+protecting+religious+liberty+in+the+wake+of+the+Supreme+Court%27s+decision+in+the+case+of+City+of+Boerne+v.+Flores+in+which+the+Court+held+the+Religious+Freedom+Restoration+Act+unconstitutional+under+the+14th+Amendment+as+applied+to+the+states&rft.title=Congress%27+constitutional+role+in+protecting+religious+liberty%3A+hearing%2C+October+1%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+Congress%27+role+in+protecting+religious+liberty+in+the+wake+of+the+Supreme+Court%27s+decision+in+the+case+of+City+of+Boerne+v.+Flores+in+which+the+Court+held+the+Religious+Freedom+Restoration+Act+unconstitutional+under+the+14th+Amendment+as+applied+to+the+states&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056351-8) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - National parks restoration plan: hearings, November 17, 1997, on the national parks restoration plan: "Vision 2020" and to solicit proactive solutions and innovative remedies to build a more efficient and effective National Park System T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-394 AN - 59788260; 1998-0511340 AB - United States. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+177 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+177 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160563275 KW - Conservation of resources -- United States KW - Recreation -- Environmental aspects KW - United States -- Environmental policy KW - Parks, National -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59788260?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B177&rft.isbn=0160563275&rft.btitle=National+parks+restoration+plan%3A+hearings%2C+November+17%2C+1997%2C+on+the+national+parks+restoration+plan%3A+%22Vision+2020%22+and+to+solicit+proactive+solutions+and+innovative+remedies+to+build+a+more+efficient+and+effective+National+Park+System&rft.title=National+parks+restoration+plan%3A+hearings%2C+November+17%2C+1997%2C+on+the+national+parks+restoration+plan%3A+%22Vision+2020%22+and+to+solicit+proactive+solutions+and+innovative+remedies+to+build+a+more+efficient+and+effective+National+Park+System&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056327-5) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Music violence: how does it affect our children: hearing, November 6, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-395 AN - 59787551; 1998-0600720 AB - Examines potential effects of violent, anti-social, and mysogynist lyrics, and those that glorify criminal activities; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+86 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+86 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160563240 KW - Youth -- United States KW - Music, Popular -- Social aspects KW - Censorship -- United States KW - United States -- Popular culture KW - Mass media -- Social aspects KW - Violence in mass media -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59787551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B86&rft.isbn=0160563240&rft.btitle=Music+violence%3A+how+does+it+affect+our+children%3A+hearing%2C+November+6%2C+1997&rft.title=Music+violence%3A+how+does+it+affect+our+children%3A+hearing%2C+November+6%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056324-0) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The encryption debate: criminals, terrorists, and the security needs of business and industry: hearing, September 3, 1997, on the impact of encryption technology on public safety and law enforcement, focusing on the security needs of business and industry and the use of encryption by organized crime and terrorists T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-415 Serial no. J-105-43 AN - 59787492; 1998-0600640 AB - Testimony from the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), a panel of academic experts, and a panel of industry experts. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+116 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+116 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160563593 KW - Internal security -- United States KW - Cryptography -- Regulation KW - Telecommunications -- Security measures KW - Organized crime -- United States KW - Terrorism -- United States KW - Internal security, Industrial -- United States KW - Business intelligence -- United States KW - Public safety -- United States KW - United States -- Technology policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59787492?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B116&rft.isbn=0160563593&rft.btitle=The+encryption+debate%3A+criminals%2C+terrorists%2C+and+the+security+needs+of+business+and+industry%3A+hearing%2C+September+3%2C+1997%2C+on+the+impact+of+encryption+technology+on+public+safety+and+law+enforcement%2C+focusing+on+the+security+needs+of+business+and+industry+and+the+use+of+encryption+by+organized+crime+and+terrorists&rft.title=The+encryption+debate%3A+criminals%2C+terrorists%2C+and+the+security+needs+of+business+and+industry%3A+hearing%2C+September+3%2C+1997%2C+on+the+impact+of+encryption+technology+on+public+safety+and+law+enforcement%2C+focusing+on+the+security+needs+of+business+and+industry+and+the+use+of+encryption+by+organized+crime+and+terrorists&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056359-3) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Non-school hours: mobilizing school and community resources: hearing, February 25, 1998, on examining certain initiatives to mobilize school and community resources to provide quality programs to address the needs of students during non-school hours, including the administration's proposed expansion of the 21st century community learning centers program designed to provide funds to school-community partnerships to start up or expand after-school, extended learning programs for schoolage children T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-468 AN - 59787164; 1998-0809550 AB - Discusses how President Clinton's child care initiative, announced in Jan. 1998, will address this issue; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+75 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+75 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160565766 KW - Nonformal education -- United States KW - Child welfare -- United States KW - Innovation in education -- United States KW - Community centers -- United States KW - United States -- Social policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59787164?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B75&rft.isbn=0160565766&rft.btitle=Non-school+hours%3A+mobilizing+school+and+community+resources%3A+hearing%2C+February+25%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+certain+initiatives+to+mobilize+school+and+community+resources+to+provide+quality+programs+to+address+the+needs+of+students+during+non-school+hours%2C+including+the+administration%27s+proposed+expansion+of+the+21st+century+community+learning+centers+program+designed+to+provide+funds+to+school-community+partnerships+to+start+up+or+expand+after-school%2C+extended+learning+programs+for+schoolage+children&rft.title=Non-school+hours%3A+mobilizing+school+and+community+resources%3A+hearing%2C+February+25%2C+1998%2C+on+examining+certain+initiatives+to+mobilize+school+and+community+resources+to+provide+quality+programs+to+address+the+needs+of+students+during+non-school+hours%2C+including+the+administration%27s+proposed+expansion+of+the+21st+century+community+learning+centers+program+designed+to+provide+funds+to+school-community+partnerships+to+start+up+or+expand+after-school%2C+extended+learning+programs+for+schoolage+children&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056576-6) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - S. 981--the Regulatory Improvement Act of 1998: hearing, February 24, 1998, to provide for analysis of major rules T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-486 AN - 59787143; 1998-0809610 AB - To make better use of federal agencies' decisionmaking tools, such as risk and cost-benefit analysis, and disclosure to the public of information agencies use, and how the government works; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. v+435 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - v+435 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160570379 KW - United States -- General accounting office KW - United States -- Government and politics KW - Government agencies -- Decision-making UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59787143?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=v%2B435&rft.isbn=0160570379&rft.btitle=S.+981--the+Regulatory+Improvement+Act+of+1998%3A+hearing%2C+February+24%2C+1998%2C+to+provide+for+analysis+of+major+rules&rft.title=S.+981--the+Regulatory+Improvement+Act+of+1998%3A+hearing%2C+February+24%2C+1998%2C+to+provide+for+analysis+of+major+rules&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057037-9) pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Conrail merger implications: special hearing, [March 20, 1997] T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-514 AN - 59786269; 1998-0809520 AB - Discusses the proposed acquisition of the Consolidated Rail Corporation by the CSX Corporation and the Norfolk Southern Corporation; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+99 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+99 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160571235 KW - CSX Transportation KW - Consolidated rail corporation KW - Railroads -- Consolidation and mergers KW - United States -- Transportation sector KW - Norfolk southern corporation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59786269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B99&rft.isbn=0160571235&rft.btitle=Conrail+merger+implications%3A+special+hearing%2C&rft.title=Conrail+merger+implications%3A+special+hearing%2C&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057123-5) pa N1 - Document feature - chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Antitrust perspective on the global tobacco settlement: hearing, October 29, 1997, on examining certain antitrust implications of the proposed settlement between state attorneys general and tobacco companies to mandate a total reformation and restructuring of how tobacco products are manufactured, marketed and distributed in America T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-437 Serial no. J-105-60 AN - 59785988; 1998-0602960 AB - Examines desirability of granting an antitrust exemption to the US tobacco industry. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+35 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+35 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160564670 KW - United States -- Economic policy KW - Tobacco industry -- United States -- Legislation KW - Tobacco industry -- Regulation KW - Trusts, Industrial -- United States -- Legislation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59785988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B35&rft.isbn=0160564670&rft.btitle=Antitrust+perspective+on+the+global+tobacco+settlement%3A+hearing%2C+October+29%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+certain+antitrust+implications+of+the+proposed+settlement+between+state+attorneys+general+and+tobacco+companies+to+mandate+a+total+reformation+and+restructuring+of+how+tobacco+products+are+manufactured%2C+marketed+and+distributed+in+America&rft.title=Antitrust+perspective+on+the+global+tobacco+settlement%3A+hearing%2C+October+29%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+certain+antitrust+implications+of+the+proposed+settlement+between+state+attorneys+general+and+tobacco+companies+to+mandate+a+total+reformation+and+restructuring+of+how+tobacco+products+are+manufactured%2C+marketed+and+distributed+in+America&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056467-0) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The exploding problem of telephone slamming in America: hearing, February 18 and April 23, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-487 AN - 59785115; 1998-0809560 AB - Examines the problem of unauthorized switching of consumers' long-distance service, questions about federal government response to the problem, including FCC efforts, and other issues. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. viii+333 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - viii+333 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160570387 KW - Consumer protection -- United States KW - Telephone companies -- Regulation KW - Government regulation of business -- United States KW - Fraud -- United States KW - United States -- Federal communications commission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59785115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=viii%2B333&rft.isbn=0160570387&rft.btitle=The+exploding+problem+of+telephone+slamming+in+America%3A+hearing%2C+February+18+and+April+23%2C+1998&rft.title=The+exploding+problem+of+telephone+slamming+in+America%3A+hearing%2C+February+18+and+April+23%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057038-7) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The debate on NATO enlargement: hearings, October 7-November 5, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-285 AN - 59784975; 1998-0310200 AB - Expanding NATO membership to include Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic; US share of costs, relations with Russia, and other issues. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. vi+552 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - vi+552 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160560047 KW - Europe -- Defenses KW - North Atlantic treaty organization -- Membership KW - United States -- Defenses -- Finance KW - United States -- Foreign relations KW - Regional security -- Europe UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59784975?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=vi%2B552&rft.isbn=0160560047&rft.btitle=The+debate+on+NATO+enlargement%3A+hearings%2C+October+7-November+5%2C+1997&rft.title=The+debate+on+NATO+enlargement%3A+hearings%2C+October+7-November+5%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056004-7) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Mammography: hearings, February 5-March 3, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-179 Special hearings AN - 59784866; 1998-0602400 AB - Discusses medical research findings about costs and benefits of having mammograms; focuses on reactions to the Jan. 23, 1997 report, issued by the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference, concluding that there is insufficient evidence to warrant the test for women ages 40-49; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. v+198 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - v+198 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160564484 KW - United States -- Medical sector KW - Women -- Health KW - Women -- Medical care KW - United States -- National institutes of health KW - Breast cancer -- Prevention KW - Medical technology -- United States KW - Medical research -- United States KW - Mammography -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59784866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=v%2B198&rft.isbn=0160564484&rft.btitle=Mammography%3A+hearings%2C+February+5-March+3%2C+1997&rft.title=Mammography%3A+hearings%2C+February+5-March+3%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056448-4) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - A progress report on the reforms in D.C. public schools: hearing, September 8, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-364 AN - 59781593; 1998-0609210 AB - Examines school management, establishment of charter schools, provision of scholarships to low-income children in private schools, and the issue of school choice. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+101 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+101 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160562309 KW - School administration and organization -- United States -- District of Columbia KW - Charter schools -- United States -- District of Columbia KW - District of Columbia -- Educational sector KW - School choice -- United States -- District of Columbia KW - Scholarships and fellowships -- United States -- District of Columbia KW - Schools -- United States -- District of Columbia UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59781593?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B101&rft.isbn=0160562309&rft.btitle=A+progress+report+on+the+reforms+in+D.C.+public+schools%3A+hearing%2C+September+8%2C+1997&rft.title=A+progress+report+on+the+reforms+in+D.C.+public+schools%3A+hearing%2C+September+8%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056230-9) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Religious persecution in the Middle East; faces of the persecuted: hearings, May 1 and June 10, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-352 AN - 59781130; 1998-0411770 AB - On persecution of Copts in Egypt, Evangelicals in Iran, Catholics in Algeria, Assyrian Christians in Iraq and Saudi Arabia, and Christians in Pakistan and Lebanon. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+124 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+124 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160562295 KW - Christian-Muslim relations -- Middle East KW - Religious liberty -- Middle East KW - Middle East -- Social conditions KW - Christianity -- Middle East UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59781130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B124&rft.isbn=0160562295&rft.btitle=Religious+persecution+in+the+Middle+East%3B+faces+of+the+persecuted%3A+hearings%2C+May+1+and+June+10%2C+1997&rft.title=Religious+persecution+in+the+Middle+East%3B+faces+of+the+persecuted%3A+hearings%2C+May+1+and+June+10%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056229-5) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Religious workers: hearing, September 12, 1997, on proposals to permanently extend the expiring provisions of current immigration law which provides special immigrant visas for religious workers sponsored by religious organizations in the United States T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-326 Serial no. J-105-48 AN - 59780928; 1998-0313350 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+24 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+24 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160561094 KW - Church and state -- United States KW - United States -- Immigration policy KW - Religious orders KW - Visas -- United States KW - Clergy -- Legal status, laws, etc. KW - Immigration and emigration -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59780928?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B24&rft.isbn=0160561094&rft.btitle=Religious+workers%3A+hearing%2C+September+12%2C+1997%2C+on+proposals+to+permanently+extend+the+expiring+provisions+of+current+immigration+law+which+provides+special+immigrant+visas+for+religious+workers+sponsored+by+religious+organizations+in+the+United+States&rft.title=Religious+workers%3A+hearing%2C+September+12%2C+1997%2C+on+proposals+to+permanently+extend+the+expiring+provisions+of+current+immigration+law+which+provides+special+immigrant+visas+for+religious+workers+sponsored+by+religious+organizations+in+the+United+States&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056109-4) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Global climate change: hearings, July 10 and 17, 1997, on reviewing the effects of greenhouse gases on global weather conditions and assessing international policy options to reduce the negative impacts of climate change T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-304 AN - 59779823; 1998-0313300 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+276 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+276 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160560594 KW - Weather -- International aspects KW - Climate -- International aspects KW - Global warming UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59779823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B276&rft.isbn=0160560594&rft.btitle=Global+climate+change%3A+hearings%2C+July+10+and+17%2C+1997%2C+on+reviewing+the+effects+of+greenhouse+gases+on+global+weather+conditions+and+assessing+international+policy+options+to+reduce+the+negative+impacts+of+climate+change&rft.title=Global+climate+change%3A+hearings%2C+July+10+and+17%2C+1997%2C+on+reviewing+the+effects+of+greenhouse+gases+on+global+weather+conditions+and+assessing+international+policy+options+to+reduce+the+negative+impacts+of+climate+change&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056059-4) pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), il(s), table(s), chart(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - S. 712--Government Secrecy Act of 1997: hearing, March 25, 1998, to provide for a system to classify information in the interests of national security and a system to declassify such information T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-525 AN - 59779605; 1998-0909470 AB - Pros and cons of legislation intended to mandate a role for Congress in development of policies and procedures for classifying information, now an executive branch prerogative; some focus on accountability. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+122 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+122 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016057157X KW - Internal security -- United States KW - Executive-legislative relations -- United States KW - Official secrets -- United States KW - United States -- Information policy KW - United States -- Defenses KW - Security classification (government documents) -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59779605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B122&rft.isbn=016057157X&rft.btitle=S.+712--Government+Secrecy+Act+of+1997%3A+hearing%2C+March+25%2C+1998%2C+to+provide+for+a+system+to+classify+information+in+the+interests+of+national+security+and+a+system+to+declassify+such+information&rft.title=S.+712--Government+Secrecy+Act+of+1997%3A+hearing%2C+March+25%2C+1998%2C+to+provide+for+a+system+to+classify+information+in+the+interests+of+national+security+and+a+system+to+declassify+such+information&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057157-X) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Investigation on illegal or improper activities in connection with the 1996 federal election campaign: hearings, July 8-September 11, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-300 AN - 59779165; 1998-0407120 AB - Alleged attempts by the Chinese government, the Indonesian Lippo Group, and others to provide illegal financing in US political campaigns, Apr. 29, 1996 luncheon fundraiser at the Hsi Lai Temple in Los Angeles, California, and reform issues. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160560381 KW - Government investigations -- United States KW - Political ethics -- United States KW - Campaign funds -- United States KW - United States -- Government and politics KW - Corruption -- United States KW - Campaigns, Presidential -- 1996 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59779165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0160560381&rft.btitle=Investigation+on+illegal+or+improper+activities+in+connection+with+the+1996+federal+election+campaign%3A+hearings%2C+July+8-September+11%2C+1997&rft.title=Investigation+on+illegal+or+improper+activities+in+connection+with+the+1996+federal+election+campaign%3A+hearings%2C+July+8-September+11%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs pt 1 (ISBN 0-16-056038-1; pt 2) pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), il(s), table(s), chart(s), map(s) N1 - SuppNotes - 6pts N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Vindication of property rights: improving citizens' access to justice: hearing, October 7, 1997, on H.R. 1534, an Act to simplify and expedite access to the federal courts for injured parties whose rights and privileges, secured by the United States Constitution, have been deprived by final actions of federal agencies, or other government officials or entities acting under color of state law; to prevent federal courts from abstaining from exercising federal jurisdiction in actions where no state law claim is alleged; to permit certification of unsettled state law questions that are essential to resolving federal claims arising under the Constitution; and to clarify when government action is sufficiently final to ripen certain federal claims arising under the Constitution T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. Serial no. J-105-56 S. hearing 105-432 AN - 59778109; 1998-0604390 AB - Examines problems faced by private property owners in protecting their rights in court. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+125 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+125 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160564492 KW - Administration of justice -- United States KW - Right of property -- United States KW - United States -- Constitution -- Fifth amendment KW - Constitutional law -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59778109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B125&rft.isbn=0160564492&rft.btitle=Vindication+of+property+rights%3A+improving+citizens%27+access+to+justice%3A+hearing%2C+October+7%2C+1997%2C+on+H.R.+1534%2C+an+Act+to+simplify+and+expedite+access+to+the+federal+courts+for+injured+parties+whose+rights+and+privileges%2C+secured+by+the+United+States+Constitution%2C+have+been+deprived+by+final+actions+of+federal+agencies%2C+or+other+government+officials+or+entities+acting+under+color+of+state+law%3B+to+prevent+federal+courts+from+abstaining+from+exercising+federal+jurisdiction+in+actions+where+no+state+law+claim+is+alleged%3B+to+permit+certification+of+unsettled+state+law+questions+that+are+essential+to+resolving+federal+claims+arising+under+the+Constitution%3B+and+to+clarify+when+government+action+is+sufficiently+final+to+ripen+certain+federal+claims+arising+under+the+Constitution&rft.title=Vindication+of+property+rights%3A+improving+citizens%27+access+to+justice%3A+hearing%2C+October+7%2C+1997%2C+on+H.R.+1534%2C+an+Act+to+simplify+and+expedite+access+to+the+federal+courts+for+injured+parties+whose+rights+and+privileges%2C+secured+by+the+United+States+Constitution%2C+have+been+deprived+by+final+actions+of+federal+agencies%2C+or+other+government+officials+or+entities+acting+under+color+of+state+law%3B+to+prevent+federal+courts+from+abstaining+from+exercising+federal+jurisdiction+in+actions+where+no+state+law+claim+is+alleged%3B+to+permit+certification+of+unsettled+state+law+questions+that+are+essential+to+resolving+federal+claims+arising+under+the+Constitution%3B+and+to+clarify+when+government+action+is+sufficiently+final+to+ripen+certain+federal+claims+arising+under+the+Constitution&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056449-2) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Winning the war on cancer and Medicare: physician practice expenses: hearings, May 7-June 19, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-178 Special hearings AN - 59777349; 1998-0602600 AB - Discusses medical research funding and progress that has been made over the past thirty years in preventing, detecting, and treating this disease; impact of proposed Medicare "practice expense" regulations that could result in dramatic changes in payments to providers; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+154 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+154 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160564719 KW - Medical research -- Finance KW - United States -- Health policy KW - Cancer -- Prevention KW - Medicare -- United States KW - Medical service -- Costs KW - Cancer -- Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59777349?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B154&rft.isbn=0160564719&rft.btitle=Winning+the+war+on+cancer+and+Medicare%3A+physician+practice+expenses%3A+hearings%2C+May+7-June+19%2C+1997&rft.title=Winning+the+war+on+cancer+and+Medicare%3A+physician+practice+expenses%3A+hearings%2C+May+7-June+19%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056471-9) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - School breakfast and school lunch programs: hearing, March 4, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-220 AN - 59777325; 1998-0602830 AB - Discusses importance of these federal nutritional initiatives; federal funds, food needs of poor and nonpoor children, administration, and other issues; recommendations; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+54 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+54 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160563801 KW - Children -- Nutrition KW - School meals -- United States KW - United States -- Health policy KW - Schools -- Food service -- Federal aid UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59777325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B54&rft.isbn=0160563801&rft.btitle=School+breakfast+and+school+lunch+programs%3A+hearing%2C+March+4%2C+1997&rft.title=School+breakfast+and+school+lunch+programs%3A+hearing%2C+March+4%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056380-1) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Medicare fraud prevention: the Medicare enrollment process: hearing, January 29, 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 105-401 AN - 59776409; 1998-0603630 AB - Critical of process for enrolling health care providers and suppliers in the Medicare program; recommendations. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+254 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+254 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160563461 KW - United States -- Medical sector KW - Fraud -- United States KW - United States -- Health policy KW - Health insurance -- Corrupt practices KW - Medicare -- United States KW - Health insurance -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59776409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B254&rft.isbn=0160563461&rft.btitle=Medicare+fraud+prevention%3A+the+Medicare+enrollment+process%3A+hearing%2C+January+29%2C+1998&rft.title=Medicare+fraud+prevention%3A+the+Medicare+enrollment+process%3A+hearing%2C+January+29%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056346-1) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Protecting our personal health information: privacy in the electronic age: hearings, September 11 and October 28, 1997, on examining standards with respect to the privacy of individually identifiable health information; views received from the secretary, Department of Health and Human Services, witnesses representing consumers groups, health plans, health care providers, health professionals, and researchers T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-356 AN - 59776401; 1998-0603020 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+198 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+198 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160564026 KW - Public health -- Research KW - Medical records -- United States KW - Biotechnology -- Legal aspects KW - Privacy -- United States KW - United States -- Health policy KW - Health insurance -- Regulation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59776401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B198&rft.isbn=0160564026&rft.btitle=Protecting+our+personal+health+information%3A+privacy+in+the+electronic+age%3A+hearings%2C+September+11+and+October+28%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+standards+with+respect+to+the+privacy+of+individually+identifiable+health+information%3B+views+received+from+the+secretary%2C+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services%2C+witnesses+representing+consumers+groups%2C+health+plans%2C+health+care+providers%2C+health+professionals%2C+and+researchers&rft.title=Protecting+our+personal+health+information%3A+privacy+in+the+electronic+age%3A+hearings%2C+September+11+and+October+28%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+standards+with+respect+to+the+privacy+of+individually+identifiable+health+information%3B+views+received+from+the+secretary%2C+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services%2C+witnesses+representing+consumers+groups%2C+health+plans%2C+health+care+providers%2C+health+professionals%2C+and+researchers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056402-6) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - International space station: hearing, June 18, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-436 AN - 59775984; 1998-0602890 AB - Overview of the status and goals of the program, and of ways to prioritize and manage NASA resources invested in the cooperative construction of an orbiting base for future space research, funded by 15 countries. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+84 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+84 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160564603 KW - Satellites -- International cooperation KW - Space research and technology -- International cooperation KW - United States -- National aeronautics and space administration KW - Space stations -- International cooperation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59775984?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B84&rft.isbn=0160564603&rft.btitle=International+space+station%3A+hearing%2C+June+18%2C+1997&rft.title=International+space+station%3A+hearing%2C+June+18%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056460-3) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997: hearing, July 30, 1997, on S. 1059, a bill to amend the National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 to improve the management of the National Wildlife Refuge System, and for other purposes T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-286 AN - 59771439; 1998-0304680 AB - System of federal lands consisting of 509 refuges in 50 states, covering 93 million acres for the conservation of fish, wildlife, and plants; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+55 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+55 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160560152 KW - Wildlife conservation -- United States -- Legislation KW - Animals -- Conservation KW - Fishes -- Conservation KW - Plants -- Conservation KW - United States -- Environmental policy -- Legislation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59771439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B55&rft.isbn=0160560152&rft.btitle=National+Wildlife+Refuge+System+Improvement+Act+of+1997%3A+hearing%2C+July+30%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+1059%2C+a+bill+to+amend+the+National+Wildlife+Refuge+System+Administration+Act+of+1966+to+improve+the+management+of+the+National+Wildlife+Refuge+System%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.title=National+Wildlife+Refuge+System+Improvement+Act+of+1997%3A+hearing%2C+July+30%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+1059%2C+a+bill+to+amend+the+National+Wildlife+Refuge+System+Administration+Act+of+1966+to+improve+the+management+of+the+National+Wildlife+Refuge+System%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056015-2) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Religious persecution in Sudan: hearing, September 25, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-280 AN - 59771248; 1998-0411790 AB - On persecution of Christians and Muslim sects by the Islamic military dictatorship. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+65 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+65 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160559707 KW - Human rights -- Sudan KW - Discrimination -- Sudan KW - Christian-Muslim relations -- Sudan KW - Religious liberty -- Sudan KW - Sudan -- Government and politics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59771248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B65&rft.isbn=0160559707&rft.btitle=Religious+persecution+in+Sudan%3A+hearing%2C+September+25%2C+1997&rft.title=Religious+persecution+in+Sudan%3A+hearing%2C+September+25%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055970-7) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Sudan today: prospects for peace and democracy: a staff report, February 1998 T2 - 105th Cong., 2d sess. Com. print S. print 105-45 AN - 59771199; 1998-0411750 AB - Recommends support of the National Democratic Alliance against the ruling National Islamic Front regime, and providing aid to areas under control of the NDA. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iv+61 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iv+61 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160561914 KW - Economic assistance -- Sudan KW - United States -- Foreign relations -- Sudan KW - Sudan -- Foreign relations -- United States KW - Government, Resistance to -- Sudan KW - Sudan -- Government and politics KW - United States -- Economic assistance program -- Sudan UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59771199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B61&rft.isbn=0160561914&rft.btitle=Sudan+today%3A+prospects+for+peace+and+democracy%3A+a+staff+report%2C+February+1998&rft.title=Sudan+today%3A+prospects+for+peace+and+democracy%3A+a+staff+report%2C+February+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056191-4) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Employment Non-Discrimination Act of 1997: hearing, October 23, 1997, on S. 869, to prohibit employment discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-279 AN - 59769300; 1998-0312640 AB - Discusses ENDA, which prohibits discrimination in hiring, firing, promotion, or compensation; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+102 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+102 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160559790 KW - Lesbians -- Legal status, laws, etc. KW - Discrimination against gays and lesbians -- United States -- Legislation KW - Gays -- Legal status, laws, etc. KW - Employment -- Gays KW - Employment -- Lesbians KW - United States -- Labor policy KW - Sexual orientation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59769300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B102&rft.isbn=0160559790&rft.btitle=Employment+Non-Discrimination+Act+of+1997%3A+hearing%2C+October+23%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+869%2C+to+prohibit+employment+discrimination+on+the+basis+of+sexual+orientation&rft.title=Employment+Non-Discrimination+Act+of+1997%3A+hearing%2C+October+23%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+869%2C+to+prohibit+employment+discrimination+on+the+basis+of+sexual+orientation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055979-0) pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Workplace Religious Freedom Act: hearing, October 21, 1997, on S. 1124, to amend Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to establish provisions with respect to religious accommodation in employment, and for other purposes T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-282 AN - 59767708; 1998-0304770 AB - Examines legal implications of Title VII's religious accommodation requirements under current law and under S. 1124, and its impact on employers in particular; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+70 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+70 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160560055 KW - Working conditions -- Regulation KW - Church and labor -- United States KW - United States -- Business enterprises -- Legislation KW - United States -- Social conditions KW - Employees -- Legal status, laws, etc. KW - Church and business -- United States KW - Religious liberty -- United States -- Legislation KW - United States -- Labor sector UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59767708?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B70&rft.isbn=0160560055&rft.btitle=Workplace+Religious+Freedom+Act%3A+hearing%2C+October+21%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+1124%2C+to+amend+Title+VII+of+the+Civil+Rights+Act+of+1964+to+establish+provisions+with+respect+to+religious+accommodation+in+employment%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.title=Workplace+Religious+Freedom+Act%3A+hearing%2C+October+21%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+1124%2C+to+amend+Title+VII+of+the+Civil+Rights+Act+of+1964+to+establish+provisions+with+respect+to+religious+accommodation+in+employment%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056005-5) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - S. 442, the Internet Tax Freedom Act: hearing, May 22, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-435 AN - 59765818; 1998-0602910 AB - Advocates a moratorium on state and local taxation of electronic sales and business transactions; with testimony of state and local policy makers; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. iii+83 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - iii+83 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160564565 KW - Electronic commerce -- Tax aspects KW - Federal and state relations -- United States KW - United States -- Tax policy KW - Internet -- Tax aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59765818?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B83&rft.isbn=0160564565&rft.btitle=S.+442%2C+the+Internet+Tax+Freedom+Act%3A+hearing%2C+May+22%2C+1997&rft.title=S.+442%2C+the+Internet+Tax+Freedom+Act%3A+hearing%2C+May+22%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056456-5) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Globalisation: effects & challenges : educational material AN - 39062741; 2361721 JF - Globalisation: effects & challenges : educational material Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 PB - Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions KW - Economics KW - International economic relations KW - Globalization KW - Economic conditions KW - Multinational enterprises KW - Zimbabwe UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39062741?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/International+Bibliography+of+the+Social+Sciences+%28IBSS%29&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Globalisation%3A+effects+%26+challenges+%3A+educational+material&rft.title=Globalisation%3A+effects+%26+challenges+%3A+educational+material&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - SuppNotes - Includes bibliographical references N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - MFO induction in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during and after exposure to Bass Strait crude oil AN - 17405280; 4633962 AB - Biochemical markers of exposure (mixed function oxygenase:MFO as determined by ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity) and of effect (sorbitol dehydrogenase:SDH) were investigated for use during and after exposure of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to low levels of Bass Strait crude oil water-accommodated fraction (WAF) and dispersed crude oil. EROD activity was significantly induced after only two days of exposure to dispersed oil, while four days of exposure were necessary to significantly induce EROD in the WAF-exposed salmon. Following the termination of exposure, EROD induction remained elevated for eight days in both the WAF-exposed and the dispersed oil-exposed fish. Dispersing the oil using Corexit 9527 produced similar EROD activity levels in salmon relative to WAF only. Serum SDH activity confirmed that no hepatocellular injury was caused by exposure of salmon to these levels of WAF or to dispersed Bass Strait crude oil. It is concluded that MFO induction, as measured by changes in EROD activity, can be used for confirmation of low-level exposure of commercial salmon stocks to petroleum-contaminated waters for up to eight days after the event. JF - Australasian Journal of Ecotoxicology AU - Gagnon, M M AU - Holdway, DA AD - School of Environmental Biology, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia, rgagnonm@alpha2.curtin.edu.au Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 29 EP - 35 VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 1323-3475, 1323-3475 KW - 1-iditol 2-dehydrogenase KW - 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase KW - Atlantic salmon KW - Australia, Bass Strait KW - EROD activity KW - Salmo salar KW - enzymatic activity KW - ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase KW - mixed function oxygenase KW - mixed-function oxidase KW - sorbitol dehydrogenase KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Biochemistry KW - Anadromous species KW - Pollution effects KW - Biomarkers KW - Freshwater KW - Freshwater fish KW - Toxicity tests KW - Bioassay KW - oil KW - Marine fish KW - Crude oil KW - Petroleum KW - Oil Spills KW - Enzymatic activity KW - Pollution indicators KW - Oil spills KW - Salmon KW - Bioindicators KW - Marine KW - Brackish KW - Enzymes KW - Bioassays KW - Marine pollution KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Marine organisms KW - Fish KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17405280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australasian+Journal+of+Ecotoxicology&rft.atitle=MFO+induction+in+Atlantic+salmon+%28Salmo+salar%29+during+and+after+exposure+to+Bass+Strait+crude+oil&rft.au=Gagnon%2C+M+M%3BHoldway%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Gagnon&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australasian+Journal+of+Ecotoxicology&rft.issn=13233475&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Published September 1999 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fish; Crude oil; Bioassays; Anadromous species; Enzymes; Enzymatic activity; Biomarkers; Freshwater fish; Pollution indicators; Toxicity tests; Marine pollution; Petroleum; oil; Bioindicators; Biochemistry; Marine organisms; Pollution effects; Oil spills; Salmon; Water Pollution Effects; Oil Spills; Fish; Bioassay; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Protection in Antarctica: Drawing Lessons from the CCAMLR Model for the Implementation of the Madrid Protocol AN - 17367863; 4576936 AB - The aims of this article are, first, to analyze the institutional and implementation issues of the 1980 Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR); and, second, to analyze CCAMLR as a precedent within the Antarctic Treaty System and to draw lessons from the CCAMLR model for the implementation of the 1991 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (the Madrid Protocol). A comparative analysis of the two regimes suggests the need for the institutional development of the Committee for Environmental Protection created by the Madrid Protocol and considers the relevance of using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as a decision-support tool in this context. JF - Ocean Development & International Law AU - Cordonnery, L AD - Law School, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252C, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia, laurence@postoffice.utas.edu.au Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0090-8320, 0090-8320 KW - Antarctic Treaty KW - Antarctica KW - CCAMLAR KW - CCAMLR KW - GIS KW - Madrid Protocol KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Decision support systems KW - International law KW - International agreements KW - Environmental protection KW - Marine resources KW - Living resources KW - Marine environment KW - Nature conservation KW - PS, Antarctic Ocean KW - Conservation KW - Geographic information systems KW - Legislation KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17367863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ocean+Development+%26+International+Law&rft.atitle=Environmental+Protection+in+Antarctica%3A+Drawing+Lessons+from+the+CCAMLR+Model+for+the+Implementation+of+the+Madrid+Protocol&rft.au=Cordonnery%2C+L&rft.aulast=Cordonnery&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ocean+Development+%26+International+Law&rft.issn=00908320&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine resources; Living resources; Nature conservation; Environmental protection; International agreements; Marine environment; Decision support systems; International law; Conservation; Geographic information systems; Legislation; PS, Antarctic Ocean ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrocarbon degradation by Antarctic coastal bacteria AN - 17321526; 4592884 AB - Bacterial cultures obtained through selective enrichment of beach sand collected 60 days and one year after treatment of sites in a pilot oil spill trial conducted at Airport Beach, Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica, were examined for the ability to degrade n-alkanes and phenanthrene. The effects of different hydrocarbon mixtures (Special Antarctic Blend [SAB] and BP-Visco), fish oil [orange roughy]) and inoculation of replicate sites with water from Organic Lake (previously shown to contain hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria) on the indigenous microbial population were examined. Of the cultures obtained, those from sites treated with SAB and BP-Visco degraded n-alkanes most consistently and typically to the greatest extent. Two mixed cultures obtained from samples collected at 60 days and two isolates obtained from these cultures extensively degraded phenanthrene. 1-hydroxy-naphthoic acid formed the major phenanthrene metabolite. Lower levels of salicylic acid, 1-naphthol, 1,4-naphthaquinone and phenanthrene 9-10 dihydrodiol were detected in extracts of phenanthrene grown cultures. This study shows that under laboratory conditions indigenous Antarctic bacteria can degrade n-alkanes and the more recalcitrant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, phenathrene. The enrichment of hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms in Antarctic ecosystems exposed to hydrocarbons is relevant for the long term fate hydrocarbon spills in this environment. JF - Antarctic Science AU - Cavanagh, JE AU - Nichols, P D AU - Franzmann, P D AU - McMeekin, T A Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 386 EP - 397 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 0954-1020, 0954-1020 KW - Phenanthrene KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Marine KW - Bacteria KW - Beaches KW - Biodegradation KW - Polar zones KW - Brackish KW - Metabolites KW - Cell culture KW - PSE, Antarctica, Princess Elizabeth Land, Vestfold Hills, Airport Beach KW - Fish oils KW - Saturated hydrocarbons KW - Sand KW - Microorganisms KW - Aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Oil spills KW - Petroleum hydrocarbons KW - Pollution control KW - O 4080:Pollution - Control and Prevention KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17321526?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antarctic+Science&rft.atitle=Hydrocarbon+degradation+by+Antarctic+coastal+bacteria&rft.au=Cavanagh%2C+JE%3BNichols%2C+P+D%3BFranzmann%2C+P+D%3BMcMeekin%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Cavanagh&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=386&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antarctic+Science&rft.issn=09541020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Beaches; Biodegradation; Polar zones; Cell culture; Metabolites; Fish oils; Saturated hydrocarbons; Sand; Microorganisms; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Oil spills; Pollution control; Petroleum hydrocarbons; Bacteria; PSE, Antarctica, Princess Elizabeth Land, Vestfold Hills, Airport Beach; Marine; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of sodium accumulation on soil physical properties under an effluent-irrigated plantation AN - 17253223; 4518525 AB - Effluent irrigation commonly results in increased soil sodicity, because of the medium-to-high salinity and high sodium concentrations of many effluents. The exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of soils at the Wagga Wagga Effluent Plantation Project increased from 25% at some depths within the surface 0.6 m of soil, after 5 seasons of irrigation with either (i) treated sewage effluent or (ii) bore water with similar salinity and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). A survey of dispersion index (DI) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (K sub(sat)) was carried out to investigate the effects of increased soil sodicity on soil physical properties. The K sub(sat) was measured after 5 irrigation seasons at 2 depth intervals (0.15-0.45 m and 0.5-0.8 m) using both bore water and distilled water, and compared with measurements made at the same sites using bore water before irrigation commenced. Both DI and ESP were measured at each of 3 depths in the surface 0.6 m of soil. The DI in distilled water was positively correlated with ESP, with finer soil textures having higher DI for the same ESP. When measured in bore water or effluent, DI was very low and not related to ESP. K sub(sat) was significantly lower after 5 irrigation seasons, and significantly lower in distilled water than in bore water. However, there was no relationship between K sub(sat) and ESP. It was concluded that the increased ESP caused an increased tendency for soil dispersion but was not shown unequivocally to lead to decreased K sub(sat). The increased sodicity does not seem likely to affect continued use of the land for effluent irrigation, but may affect its suitability for alternative uses that involve physical disturbance of the soil, for example, by cultivation. JF - Australian Journal of Soil Research AU - Balks, M R AU - Bond, W J AU - Smith, C J AD - CSIRO Land and Water, GPO Box 1666, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia, warren.bondbr.clw.csiro.au Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 821 EP - 830 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0004-9573, 0004-9573 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Cultivated lands KW - Irrigation KW - Soil physical properties KW - Salinization KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17253223?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Soil+Research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+sodium+accumulation+on+soil+physical+properties+under+an+effluent-irrigated+plantation&rft.au=Balks%2C+M+R%3BBond%2C+W+J%3BSmith%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Balks&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=821&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+Journal+of+Soil+Research&rft.issn=00049573&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Cultivated lands; Irrigation; Soil physical properties; Salinization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evolution of sociality in the allodapine bees: a review of sex allocation, ecology and evolution AN - 17249531; 4547562 AB - Comparative studies provide one of the most powerful means of assessing the relative roles of selective agents underlying social evolution in insects. Because of the wide variation in social organisation, sex allocation and ecological traits within and between species of allodapine bees, this group provides a wealth of material for such comparative work. Recent studies on Australian allodapine bees are reviewed here and their consequences for understanding social evolution are discussed. Studies to date suggest the following trends: (i) benefits of group living appear to be linked to preventing brood failure rather than to increased brood rearing efficiency; (ii) female-biased sex allocation, when it occurs, is linked to benefits of group living and kinship among nestmates, and is probably mediated via local fitness enhancement; (iii) female biased sex allocation patterns do not usually coincide with opportunities for sib-rearing and are therefore unlikely to facilitate eusociality; (iv) relatedness within colonies is usually high, but in some species females will nest with unrelated females if kin are not available; and (v) phylogenetic studies suggest that opportunities for sib-rearing, arising from brood development patterns and colony phenology, are plesiomorphic for the exoneurine group, but in at least one phylogenetically distal clade, Exoneura sensu stricto, the evolution of large group size and social complexity coincides with the loss or reduction of opportunities for sib-rearing. Assured fitness return models may be applicable to weakly social allodapine species, but do not predict patterns of eusociality. Instead, Australian studies suggest that the evolution of large group size and marked reproductive skew is linked with the need to defend against enemies at the nest, rather than high levels of relatedness, female biased sex allocation or opportunities to rear siblings. JF - Insectes Sociaux AU - Schwarz, M P AU - Bull, N J AU - Hogendoorn, K AD - School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, S.A. 5001 Australia, Michael.Schwarz@flinders.edu.au Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 349 EP - 368 VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 0020-1812, 0020-1812 KW - Australia KW - Carpenter bees KW - Cuckoo bees KW - Digger bees KW - Hymenoptera KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Anthophoridae KW - Social organization KW - Sex ratio KW - Resource allocation KW - Evolution KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25523:Insects KW - Z 05220:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17249531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insectes+Sociaux&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+sociality+in+the+allodapine+bees%3A+a+review+of+sex+allocation%2C+ecology+and+evolution&rft.au=Schwarz%2C+M+P%3BBull%2C+N+J%3BHogendoorn%2C+K&rft.aulast=Schwarz&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Insectes+Sociaux&rft.issn=00201812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anthophoridae; Sex ratio; Resource allocation; Evolution; Social organization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A reactive state-space model for prediction of urban air pollution AN - 17246693; 4533534 AB - The generic reaction set (GRS) model offers a convenient framework for studying photochemical smog production. Its highly condensed seven equations are deduced from the principal reactions that produce photochemical smog (such as photolysis of reactive organic species, oxidation of NO to NO sub(2), photolysis of NO sub(2), etc.), and have been validated with the CSIRO outdoor smog chamber data. The performance of the model has been found comparable to more detailed photochemical mechanisms such as the CBM-IV. This paper expands the GRS model to include spatial advection and diffusion in the airshed. Via an appropriate numerical scheme, this extended dynamic model is transformed into the state space form, from which interpolation and prediction can be performed using the Kalman algorithm. The model is implemented on a simple grid of seven stations in the Sydney monitoring network. One-step ahead forecasts are derived for observed as well as unobserved locations. Comparison with observed data indicate that the model performs quite well, in particular, it traces the ozone episodes accurately. JF - Environmental Modelling & Software with Environment Data News AU - Anh, V V AU - Azzi, M AU - Duc, H AU - Johnson, G M AU - Tieng, Q AD - School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Q4001, Australia, v.anh@fsc.qut.edu.au Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 239 EP - 246 VL - 13 IS - 3-4 SN - 1364-8152, 1364-8152 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Mathematical models KW - Air pollution forecasting KW - Photochemicals KW - Smog KW - Ozone KW - Urban areas KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17246693?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Modelling+%26+Software+with+Environment+Data+News&rft.atitle=A+reactive+state-space+model+for+prediction+of+urban+air+pollution&rft.au=Anh%2C+V+V%3BAzzi%2C+M%3BDuc%2C+H%3BJohnson%2C+G+M%3BTieng%2C+Q&rft.aulast=Anh&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Modelling+%26+Software+with+Environment+Data+News&rft.issn=13648152&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Part 1: Modelling the Atmospheric Environment, and Part 2: Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Urban areas; Air pollution forecasting; Mathematical models; Photochemicals; Smog; Ozone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantification of surface defects on chemically protective gloves following their use in agriculture AN - 17244770; 4533046 AB - Chemically protective gloves are one of the most widely used barriers against hand exposure to pesticide contamination available to workers in primary industry. Polyvinyl chloride and nitrile butadiene rubber gloves were collected from four typical agricultural enterprises in Tasmania. Surface images of new and used gloves, up to 1000 x magnification, were obtained from an environmental scanning electron microscope and were used to classify defects, such as cracks, crazes, cavities, convexities, smooth areas and slumps. Some defects, e.g. cracks, were related to the working life of the gloves, whereas others, e.g. slumps, were associated with the manufacturing process. After viewing, the gloves were analysed by X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Phosphorus and sulfur peaks were indicative of pesticide retention. Rinsates from the interior of used polyvinyl chloride gloves were analysed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Pesticide traces were found suggesting inadequate protection against dermal exposure. It is concluded that these gloves were unable to withstand the rigours of agricultural work because of the nature of the surface defects and they were contaminated with pesticides, outside and inside. Thus, their management needs improvement. JF - Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine AU - Canning, K M AU - Jablonski, W AU - McQuillan, P B AD - School of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-78, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia, P.B.McQuillan@utas.edu.au Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 45 EP - 56 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1232-1966, 1232-1966 KW - gloves KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Protective clothing KW - Materials testing KW - Pesticides KW - Agrochemicals KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17244770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Agricultural+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Quantification+of+surface+defects+on+chemically+protective+gloves+following+their+use+in+agriculture&rft.au=Canning%2C+K+M%3BJablonski%2C+W%3BMcQuillan%2C+P+B&rft.aulast=Canning&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Agricultural+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=12321966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pesticides; Occupational exposure; Protective clothing; Agrochemicals; Materials testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal and spatial variation in abundances of native bee species on an altitudinal gradient in southern Tasmania AN - 17236427; 4519564 AB - Bee assemblages were investigated in heathy coastal forest, shrubby dry sclerophyll forest, and shrubby subalpine forest near Hobart, in southern Tasmania, during spring, summer, and autumn between September 1996 and October 1997. Several taxa previously unknown from the state were encountered, including the first Tasmanian records of the halictid subfamily Nomiinae. Assemblages varied both temporally and spatially. Temporal variation within particular vegetation types was due to interspecific differences in flight periods. Spatial variation resulted from most species being restricted to one or two of these vegetation types, with species richness being substantially lower in the subalpine area than the two vegetation types at lower altitude. This variation also involved several species being more or less restricted to one habitat. In particular, Lasioglossum (Austrevylaeus pertribuarium) was a subalpine specialist while numerous species were more or less restricted to either coastal or dry sclerophyll forests. There was also an interaction between these two forms of variation, in the form of divergence in the flight periods of individual species in different vegetation types. JF - Australian Journal of Zoology AU - Hingston, AB AD - Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-78, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 497 EP - 507 PB - C.S.I.R.O. Publishing VL - 46 IS - 5 SN - 0004-959X, 0004-959X KW - Australia, Tasmania KW - Bees KW - Hymenoptera KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Vegetation type KW - Forests KW - Altitude KW - Community composition KW - Apoidea KW - Species richness KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17236427?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Zoology&rft.atitle=Temporal+and+spatial+variation+in+abundances+of+native+bee+species+on+an+altitudinal+gradient+in+southern+Tasmania&rft.au=Hingston%2C+AB&rft.aulast=Hingston&rft.aufirst=AB&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=497&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+Journal+of+Zoology&rft.issn=0004959X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apoidea; Species richness; Forests; Community composition; Altitude; Vegetation type ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seed and Seedling Biology of the Woody-fruited Proteaceae AN - 17204323; 4497648 AB - Within the Proteaceae, 353 species confined to 7 genera in the Grevilleoideae have woody fruits. The majority (> 70%) occur in fire-prone vegetation on nutrient-poor, summer-dry soils of south-western Australia. These species are characterised by large, winged seeds contained within serotinous follicles. Seed release is mediated by desiccation of the follicle walls resulting from fruit death, although wet-dry cycles are required in some genera. After release, germination must take place by the next wet season, as the seeds are not long-lived. Seeds are particularly high in protein (40-60%), P (1-2%) and Fe (10-60ppt) compared with other Proteaceae. Seeds are favoured food for pre- and post-dispersal granivores (insects, birds, rodents) and young seedlings are favoured by herbivores (insects, marsupials), with the more serotinous fruits providing extra protection for their seeds. Successful establishment is facilitated by the protective and water retentive role of the testa during germination, and the remobilisation of N and P from the cotyledons to the seedling within 10 weeks of emergence. Drought stress reduces seedling establishment in otherwise favourable postfire microsites and prevents it (assisted by herbivores) in mature vegetation. Typically, < 10% of seeds released after fire become seedlings, and < 50% of these survive the first summer. Among fire-killed species, species that produce few seeds are more likely to have drought-resistant seedlings, often associated with larger seeds and/or needle-shaped leaves. Species that resprout after fire produce a few large viable seeds per plant, whereas fire-killed species produce many smaller seeds. Of all the Proteaceae, the ecology of woody-fruited species is best known, providing great scope for comparative biology studies. JF - Australian Journal of Botany AU - Lamont, B B AU - Groom, P K AD - School of Environmental Biology, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6001, Australia, rlamontb@cc.curtin.edu.au Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 387 EP - 406 VL - 46 IS - 3-4 SN - 0067-1924, 0067-1924 KW - Australia KW - Proteas KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Grevilleoideae KW - Seed germination KW - Proteaceae KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17204323?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Seed+and+Seedling+Biology+of+the+Woody-fruited+Proteaceae&rft.au=Lamont%2C+B+B%3BGroom%2C+P+K&rft.aulast=Lamont&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+Journal+of+Botany&rft.issn=00671924&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Grevilleoideae; Proteaceae; Seed germination; Fires ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biology of a weakly social bee, Exoneura (Exoneurella) setosa (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and implications for social evolution in Australian allodapine bees AN - 17187688; 4479699 AB - Australian allodapine bees provide excellent material for comparative approaches to understanding social evolution. The subgenus Exoneurella occupies a cladistically basal position in the Australian Exoneura group and comprises only four species. We describe sociality in one Exoneurella species, E. setosa, and combine this with other data to infer some patterns of social evolution in allodapines. E. setosa rears a first brood solitarily, although staggered brood production and the production of a second brood in some nests leads to a situation where older, recently emerged brood have the ability to help rear their younger siblings and this overlaps with opportunities to lay eggs. This is similar to the situation for two other phylogenetically distal species of Exoneurella, as well as for members of the genus Braunsapis, which is used as an outgroup for Exoneura. When combined with other studies, our results suggest that the opportunity for sib-rearing is a plesiomorphic trait for Australian allodapines and this has been largely lost in a distal subgenus, Exoneura sensu stricto. Instead, multifemale brood-rearing colonies in this latter group mostly comprise individuals of the same generation, and species exhibit large group size, univoltinism and kin cofounding. This suggests that evolution can favour semisociality and quasisociality, even when eusociality has already arisen. JF - Australian Journal of Zoology AU - Neville, T AU - Schwarz, M P AU - Tierney, S M AD - School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 221 EP - 234 VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0004-959X, 0004-959X KW - Australia KW - Bumble bees KW - Euglossines KW - Honey bees KW - Hymenoptera KW - Stingless bees KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Reproductive strategy KW - Exoneura setosa KW - Social behavior KW - Reproduction KW - Apidae KW - Evolution KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05220:General KW - Y 25523:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17187688?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Zoology&rft.atitle=Biology+of+a+weakly+social+bee%2C+Exoneura+%28Exoneurella%29+setosa+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Apidae%29+and+implications+for+social+evolution+in+Australian+allodapine+bees&rft.au=Neville%2C+T%3BSchwarz%2C+M+P%3BTierney%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Neville&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+Journal+of+Zoology&rft.issn=0004959X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apidae; Exoneura setosa; Reproduction; Reproductive strategy; Social behavior; Evolution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency of species that differ inherently in specific leaf area AN - 17111522; 4422192 AB - Factors that contribute to interspecific variation in photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE, the ratio of CO sub(2) assimilation rate to leaf organic nitrogen content) were investigated, comparing ten dicotyledonous species that differ inherently in specific leaf area (SLA, leaf area:leaf dry mass). Plants were grown hydroponically in controlled environment cabinets at two irradiances (200 and 1000 mu mol m super(-2) s super(-1)). CO sub(2) and irradiance response curves of photosynthesis were measured followed by analysis of the chlorophyll, Rubisco, nitrate and total nitrogen contents of the leaves. At both irradiances, SLA ranged more than twofold across species. High-SLA species had higher in situ rates of photosynthesis per unit leaf mass, but similar rates on an area basis. The organic N content per unit leaf area was lower for the high-SLA species and consequently PNUE at ambient light conditions (PNUE sub(amb)) was higher in those plants. Differences were somewhat smaller, but still present, when PNUE was determined at saturating irradiances (PNUE sub(max)). An assessment was made of the relative importance of the various factors that underlay interspecific variation in PNUE. For plants grown under low irradiance, PNUE sub(amb) of high-SLA species was higher primarily due to their lower N content per unit leaf area. Low-SLA species clearly had an overinvestment in photosynthetic N under these conditions. In addition, high SLA-species allocated a larger fraction of organic nitrogen to thylakoids and Rubisco, which further increased PNUE sub(amb). High-SLA species grown under high irradiance showed higher PNUE sub(amb) mainly due to a higher Rubisco specific activity. Other factors that contributed were again their lower contents of N sub(org) per unit leaf area and a higher fraction of photosynthetic N in electron transport and Rubisco. For PNUE sub(max), differences between species in organic leaf nitrogen content per se were no longer important and higher PNUE sub(max) of the high SLA species was due to a higher fraction of N in photosynthetic compounds (for low-light plants) and a higher Rubisco specific activity (for high-light grown plants). JF - Oecologia AU - Poorter, H AU - Evans, J R AD - Environmental Biology, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, GPO Box 475, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia, H.Poorter@Bio.uu.nl Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 26 EP - 37 VL - 116 IS - 1-2 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - nitrogen KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Leaf area KW - Photosynthesis KW - Nutrient utilization KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17111522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Photosynthetic+nitrogen-use+efficiency+of+species+that+differ+inherently+in+specific+leaf+area&rft.au=Poorter%2C+H%3BEvans%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Poorter&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=26&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photosynthesis; Nutrient utilization; Leaf area ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of Clone Size and Age in a Mallee Eucalypt Using RAPDs AN - 16554049; 4379905 AB - Fragmentation of lignotubers and the consequent problems in genotype identification make demographic studies of mallee eucalypts unreliable. DNA fingerprinting using Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers was employed to determine if a hybrid copse between Eucalyptus risdonii and E. amygdalina was clonal. Based on lignotuber morphology this copse appeared to be composed of approximately 20 separate individuals. No variation in RAPD genotype was observed for 67 bands scored from nine primers among the 20 individuals. In contrast, variation was observed between individuals sampled from outside the copse (average 28.6 band differences between any two individuals) and within full sibling families (average 12.9 band differences between individuals). On this basis the copse was considered to be clonal (one genet), originating from lignotuber fragmentation, and measured 5.5 X 3.5 m. The rate of radial expansion in 15-year-old seedling and lignotuber cohorts was measured and used to estimate the age of the hybrid copse. The hybrid genet appeared to be at least 900 years old. While such estimates must be viewed with caution they strongly support the suggestion that mallee eucalypts may attain ages far in excess of single-stemmed eucalypts. JF - Australian Journal of Botany AU - Tyson, M AU - Vaillancourt, R E AU - Reid, J B AD - Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Production Forestry and School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-55, Hobart, Tas. 7005, Australia, Jim.Reid@plant.utas.edu.au Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 161 EP - 172 VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0067-1924, 0067-1924 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Clones KW - DNA fingerprinting KW - Genotypes KW - Random amplified polymorphic DNA KW - Eucalyptus KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16554049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Determination+of+Clone+Size+and+Age+in+a+Mallee+Eucalypt+Using+RAPDs&rft.au=Tyson%2C+M%3BVaillancourt%2C+R+E%3BReid%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Tyson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+Journal+of+Botany&rft.issn=00671924&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Eucalyptus; Genotypes; Random amplified polymorphic DNA; DNA fingerprinting; Clones ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modelling the distribution of Anabaena and Melosira in a stratified river weir pool AN - 16551917; 4366203 AB - We have developed a model to predict the stratification dynamics and its influence on the distribution of algal species in a river with strong diurnal changes in temperature stratification. While the phytoplankton concentrations vary in response to buoyancy and light limited growth, the populations are also redistributed vertically due to diurnal mixing caused by surface evaporation and night time cooling. The parameterization of the vertical eddy diffusivity coefficient within the model takes into account the generation of mixing by heat losses at the surface and the suppression of mixing by thermal stratification. The model is successfully tested against extensive temperature and algal concentration data in Maude weir pool on the Murrumbidgee River, Australia. Given literature values of floating/sinking rates and maximum growth rates for the cyanobacterium Anabaena and the diatom Melosira, we were able to reproduce extremely well the time evolution of concentrations of each species over long periods of low flow. JF - Hydrobiologia AU - Bormans, M AU - Condie, SA AD - CSIRO Land and Water, G.P.O. Box 1666, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 3 EP - 13 VL - 364 IS - 1 SN - 0018-8158, 0018-8158 KW - Australia, Murrumbidgee R. KW - diurnal variations KW - growth KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Model testing KW - Water mixing KW - Low flow KW - Phytoplankton KW - Diatoms KW - Pools KW - Anabaena KW - Freshwater KW - Mixing KW - Models KW - Australia, New South Wales, Murrumbidgee R. KW - Thermal stratification KW - Algae KW - Rivers KW - Temperature effects KW - Vertical distribution KW - Light effects KW - Vertical mixing KW - Melosira KW - Diffusion coefficient KW - K 03009:Algae KW - D 04627:Algae/lichens KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16551917?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrobiologia&rft.atitle=Modelling+the+distribution+of+Anabaena+and+Melosira+in+a+stratified+river+weir+pool&rft.au=Bormans%2C+M%3BCondie%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Bormans&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=364&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrobiologia&rft.issn=00188158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Rivers; Vertical distribution; Water mixing; Pools; Diatoms; Phytoplankton; Thermal stratification; Algae; Vertical mixing; Models; Light effects; Mixing; Diffusion coefficient; Model testing; Low flow; Anabaena; Melosira; Australia, New South Wales, Murrumbidgee R.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A method for measuring entropy of symmetric cipher key generators AN - 16533631; 4288023 AB - The entropy of a key generator for a symmetric cipher may be greatly reduced if there is redundancy in the algorithm applied. It may be possible for an attacker to use this reduction in entropy to conduct an exhaustive key attack on an otherwise secure encryption algorithm. In this paper a statistical method will be applied to estimate this entropy. This method can be applied in the case where the algorithm used to generate the key is unknown, only the actual keys are required. JF - Computers & Security AU - Dawson, E P AU - Gustafson, H M AD - Inform. Secur. Res. Cent., Fac. Inform. Technol., Queensland Univ. Technol., Gardens Point, G.P.O. Box 2434, Brisbane, Qld. 4001, Australia Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 177 EP - 184 PB - Elsevier Advanced Technology VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0167-4048, 0167-4048 KW - computer crime KW - encryption KW - information technology KW - privacy KW - security KW - Risk Abstracts KW - R2 23020:Technological risks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16533631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+%26+Security&rft.atitle=A+method+for+measuring+entropy+of+symmetric+cipher+key+generators&rft.au=Dawson%2C+E+P%3BGustafson%2C+H+M&rft.aulast=Dawson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+%26+Security&rft.issn=01674048&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A review of famciclovir in the management of genital herpes AN - 16532087; 4389921 AB - The frequent occurrence of genital herpes continues to be a serious clinical problem. Although not life threatening, the physical symptoms of the disease, and the ensuing psychosocial complications, can be overwhelming to patients. The life cycle of the herpes simplex virus is complex, comprising multiple stages. Following infection, the virus establishes life-long latency in its host and can reactivate at any time as a recurrent infection. Successful management of genital herpes simplex infections involves patient education and psychological support, as well as antiviral agents. The antiviral agent famciclovir has been shown to shorten the course and decrease the severity of episodes of recurrent genital herpes. In addition, famciclovir has been shown to be effective in suppressing recurrent genital herpes. A review of the clinical experience with famciclovir in the treatment of genital herpes is presented. JF - Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology AU - Faro, S AD - Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, 1653 West Congress Parkway, 720 Pavilion, Chicago, IL 60612-3833, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 38 EP - 43 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1064-7449, 1064-7449 KW - Famciclovir KW - HSV KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01068:Antiviral & viricidal KW - V 22100:Antiviral agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16532087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infectious+Diseases+in+Obstetrics+and+Gynecology&rft.atitle=A+review+of+famciclovir+in+the+management+of+genital+herpes&rft.au=Faro%2C+S&rft.aulast=Faro&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=38&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infectious+Diseases+in+Obstetrics+and+Gynecology&rft.issn=10647449&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic Control of Reproductive and Vegetative Phase Change in the Eucalyptus risdonii-E. tenuiramis Complex AN - 16530419; 4341490 AB - Eucalyptus risdonii Hook.f. is believed to be a juvenilised form of its sister species, E. tenuiramis Miq., differing largely in the retention of the juvenile leaf type at reproductive maturity. The genetic basis of this ontogenetic variation was examined by monitoring reproductive and vegetative phase changes in 1201 open-pollinated progeny from 40 E. risdonii-E. tenuiramis populations in a field trial over 6 years. Vegetative and reproductive phase changes were highly heritable and genetically independent within populations. Estimates of individual narrow-sense heritabilities for height and timing of vegetative phase change ranged from 0.46-0.67 and 0.19-0.23 respectively, and for time of first flowering from 0.31-0.41. Variation in the height of vegetative phase change amongst progeny grown in a common environment was very similar to that observed in the natural populations from different environments, demonstrating a genetic basis to a stepped cline in the retention of the juvenile leaf form (neoteny). However, a separate pattern of variability in the time to flowering was evident, with precocious flowering found in a number of phenetic groups. This independent variation of reproductive and vegetative phase changes may allow dramatic heterochronic alterations in morphology and physiology with minimal genetic change. The continuous nature of the neotenic variation suggests that speciation by this mode of evolution is not yet complete in the E. risdonii-E. tenuiramis complex, but has presumably operated to produce many other neotenous eucalypt species. JF - Australian Journal of Botany AU - Wiltshire, RJE AU - Potts, B M AU - Reid, J B AD - Department of Plant Science and Cooperative Research Centre for Temperate Hardwood Forestry, University of Tasmania, GPO 252-55, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia, rob.wiltshire@utas.edu.au Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 45 EP - 63 VL - 46 IS - 1 SN - 0067-1924, 0067-1924 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16530419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Genetic+Control+of+Reproductive+and+Vegetative+Phase+Change+in+the+Eucalyptus+risdonii-E.+tenuiramis+Complex&rft.au=Wiltshire%2C+RJE%3BPotts%2C+B+M%3BReid%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Wiltshire&rft.aufirst=RJE&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+Journal+of+Botany&rft.issn=00671924&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pre- and post-season tagging models: Estimation of reporting rate and fishing and natural mortality rates AN - 16528073; 4374447 AB - Brownie presented models for tag returns from multiple taggings of animals when tagging is done twice per year. Here, we present a reformulation of their model suitable for pre- and post-season fishery tag return studies. Under this model, it is possible to estimate fishing mortality, natural mortality, and reporting rate from the tag return data alone. (Under once-a-year tagging models, the reporting rate usually has to be estimated externally.) We consider two special cases: (i) a pulse fishery and (ii) a continuous fishery over part of the year. An artificial example and simulation results are presented to illustrate the methodology and the properties of the various estimators. Unlike for catch-based methods, the correlation between estimates of fishing mortality and natural mortality is moderate. While pre- and post-season tagging studies are likely to be difficult to run in practice, other methods of estimating reporting rate are also difficult to implement, and therefore, this approach may prove quite useful, especially in fisheries that have heavy exploitation rates. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Hearn, W S AU - Pollock, KH AU - Brooks, EN AD - CSIRO Div. Mar. Res., GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 199 EP - 205 VL - 55 IS - 1 SN - 0706-652X, 0706-652X KW - fisheries KW - models KW - mortality KW - tagging KW - Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04668:Fish KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16528073?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Pre-+and+post-season+tagging+models%3A+Estimation+of+reporting+rate+and+fishing+and+natural+mortality+rates&rft.au=Hearn%2C+W+S%3BPollock%2C+KH%3BBrooks%2C+EN&rft.aulast=Hearn&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=0706652X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effluent irrigation - an environmental challenge for soil science AN - 16521890; 4365866 AB - With the growth of concern for the impact of humankind on the environment, soil scientists have increasingly shifted the emphasis of their work towards the effect of agricultural and other land management practices on the environment. This shift has required some changes to the way soil science is practised. The example of land application of wastes, an increasingly popular practice, is used to illustrate the role of soil science in the complex web of scientific, social, and economic aspects of environmental issues, and the need to influence community thinking and the policy debate. The issues often most likely to be limiting to effluent irrigation are excessive nitrate leaching, poor salt management, and the effects of increasing soil sodicity on current and future land uses. The scientific challenges that these pose are discussed, together with some broader issues including those associated with implementation of effluent irrigation, and socioeconomic and environmental considerations that should influence the decision to select effluent irrigation as the means for disposal or reuse. JF - Australian Journal of Soil Research AU - Bond, W J AD - CSIRO Land and Water, GPO Box 1666, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia, warren.bond@cbr.clw.csiro.au Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 543 EP - 555 VL - 36 IS - 4 SN - 0004-9573, 0004-9573 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 1030:Use of water of impaired quality KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16521890?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Soil+Research&rft.atitle=Effluent+irrigation+-+an+environmental+challenge+for+soil+science&rft.au=Bond%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Bond&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=543&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+Journal+of+Soil+Research&rft.issn=00049573&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The influences of two plant nuclear matrix attachment regions (MARs) on gene expression in transgenic plants AN - 16512170; 4414045 AB - Nuclear matrix attachment regions (MARs) are thought to influence gene expression by anchoring active chromatin to the proteinaceous nuclear matrix. In this study, two plant DNA fragments with strong MAR activity were selected and tested for their effects on expression of a linked reporter gene in transgenic tobacco. One MAR was isolated from the 5' flanking region of a pea vicilin gene previously reported to be expressed in a copy number-dependent manner in transgenic tobacco. A second MAR was isolated from the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana by preselection for autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) activity in yeast. Flanking copies of the A. thaliana MAR stimulated median reporter gene expression in transgenic plants by five to ten fold. Neither MAR significantly reduced the variation in transgene expression between individual transformants, or conferred copy number-dependence in gene expression. JF - Plant & Cell Physiology AU - Liu, Jian-Wei AU - Tabe, L M AD - CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 115 EP - 123 VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 0032-0781, 0032-0781 KW - nuclear matrix attachment region KW - transgenic plants KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16512170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+%26+Cell+Physiology&rft.atitle=The+influences+of+two+plant+nuclear+matrix+attachment+regions+%28MARs%29+on+gene+expression+in+transgenic+plants&rft.au=Liu%2C+Jian-Wei%3BTabe%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Jian-Wei&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+%26+Cell+Physiology&rft.issn=00320781&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An in vitro study of the effects of venom of Australian elapids on murine skeletal muscle and the protective effect of homologous plasma AN - 16498266; 4383673 AB - The venom of many dangerous Australian snakes has a myotoxic component and some are strongly myolytic. The myotoxicity of venom of seven Australian elapid snakes was studied to determine their relative in vitro potency in causing cell death of C2C12 cells, a myoblast cell line, and murine myotubes in mixed cell culture. The venom of Pseudechis australis proved to be the most myotoxic, Austrelaps superbus and Pseudechis porphyriacus venoms also exhibited high myotoxicity relative to the other venoms tested. The specificity of Pseudechis porphyriacus venom was tested using the human glioma cell line TC3 and was shown to exhibit a general cytotoxicity. Myotoxicity, however, was the predominant action of the venom. It has long been known that certain animals such as the mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii) are able to survive envenomation. Some species of snakes also possess this property and the neutralising factor(s) responsible for this in P. porphyriacus has been shown to be present in the serum. The protective effect of homologous plasma from P. porphyriacus venom was also studied with reference to myotoxicity and cytotoxicity. The results of this study clearly demonstrated protection by homologous plasma using a myoblast cell line, C2C12, a prima mixed cell culture and TC3 cells. While protection was clear, particularly using high concentrations of venom, it was not absolute, and homologous plasma did not afford continued protection from the effects of the venom. In the mixed cell culture experiments venom/plasma mixtures pre-incubated for 30 min were more protective than venom/plasma mixtures which were not pre-incubated, in contrast to the results of cell culture studies, which showed little difference. JF - Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins AU - Butler, T L AU - Jacobsen, P F AU - Mirtschin, P J AU - Kakulas, BA AD - Department of Neuropathology, Royal Perth Hospital, GPO Box X2213, Perth, Western Australia 6001, Australia Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 36 EP - 50 VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 0104-7930, 0104-7930 KW - Australia KW - myotoxins KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24173:Animals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16498266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Venomous+Animals+and+Toxins&rft.atitle=An+in+vitro+study+of+the+effects+of+venom+of+Australian+elapids+on+murine+skeletal+muscle+and+the+protective+effect+of+homologous+plasma&rft.au=Butler%2C+T+L%3BJacobsen%2C+P+F%3BMirtschin%2C+P+J%3BKakulas%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Venomous+Animals+and+Toxins&rft.issn=01047930&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of barley isolated microspore and anther culture and the influence of cell culture density AN - 16480046; 4336762 AB - Comparisons were made between the efficiency of barley plant regeneration from anther culture (AC) and isolated microspore culture (IMC) for the European winter cultivar 'Igri' and the spring F sub(1) Australian breeder's hybrid Amagi NijoxWI2585. In both cases, IMC produced a higher number of green regenerant plantlets per anther than AC. For 'Igri' there was a 100- to 200-fold improvement and for Amagi NijoxWI2585 there was a five- to ninefold improvement of IMC over AC. To improve the consistency and reliability of the IMC method, we investigated several parameters, including maltose concentration, subculture protocol, microspore plating density and colony plating density. Subculturing during the liquid culture phase produced no significant improvement in the number of microspores developing into colonies. The optimal concentration of maltose in the liquid induction medium was found to be 90 g l super(-1). Both microspore plating density and colony plating density were found to influence plant regeneration. Microspores produced the highest numbers of colonies when plated at densities greater than 5x10 super(4) ml super(-1), and colonies produced optimal numbers of green plantlets when plated at 12.5-25 colonies/cm super(2). JF - Plant Cell Reports AU - Davies, P A AU - Morton, S AD - SARDI, Field Crops Pathology Unit, GPO Box 397, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia, davies.phil@pi.sa.gov.au Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 206 EP - 210 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - barley KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16480046?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+barley+isolated+microspore+and+anther+culture+and+the+influence+of+cell+culture+density&rft.au=Davies%2C+P+A%3BMorton%2C+S&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of Vegetation on Subantarctic Macquarie Island to Reduced Rabbit Grazing AN - 16474879; 4341487 AB - The responses of vascular plant species to a reduction in grazing pressure were monitored as part of a rabbit-control program on Macquarie Island. The initial response of the vegetation was more luxuriant growth with changes in abundance recorded after 2-3 years. After 8-10 years the relative abundance of several species had changed while species not previously recorded had appeared on study sites and others had disappeared. Of the 32 species recorded on study sites, 11 species (Agrostis magellanica, Deschampsia chapmanii, Festuca contracta, Juncus scheuchzerioides, Luzula crinita, Pleurophyllum hookeri, Poa annua, P. foliosa, Stilbocarpa polaris and Uncinia spp. (two species)) were found to form the major portion of the rabbits' diet while another four species (Acaena magellanica, Cerastium fontanum, Isolepis aucklandica, Polystichum vestitum) were moderately grazed. The other species were either rarely grazed or occurred too infrequently to assess. Of the 25 species that were recorded over 30 times, 17 were considered to have benefited from the introduction of rabbits. JF - Australian Journal of Botany AU - Copson, G AU - Whinam, J AD - Parks and Wildlife Service, GPO Box 44A, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia, geoffco@parks.parks.tas.gov.au Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 15 EP - 24 VL - 46 IS - 1 SN - 0067-1924, 0067-1924 KW - Australia KW - Cottontails KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04115:Temperate grasslands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16474879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Response+of+Vegetation+on+Subantarctic+Macquarie+Island+to+Reduced+Rabbit+Grazing&rft.au=Copson%2C+G%3BWhinam%2C+J&rft.aulast=Copson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+Journal+of+Botany&rft.issn=00671924&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution, Disturbance Tolerance and Conservation of Stackhousia gunnii in Tasmania AN - 16474698; 4341486 AB - Although being possibly widespread on the mainland of Australia, where it is recognised as part of the Stackhousia monogyna Labill. complex, S. gunnii Hook.f. is an endangered species in Tasmania, with only 10 known extant populations, all in the drier parts of the southern Midlands, These populations occur largely on roadsides or lightly grazed paddocks in vegetation that was originally either Themeda triandra grassland or Eucalyptus pauciflora woodland. An ordination of floristic data from sites with and without S. gunnii showed that the species occupies a floristically distinct environment. The floristic differences between stands of S. gunnii relate partly to the presence or absence of tree cover and substantially to precipitation. The groups of species that preferentially occur with S. gunnii are geophytes, non-geophytic herbs and exotic plants, while those that are concentrated elsewhere include shrubs, grasses and non-geophytic graminoids. Permanent transects were monitored over a 4-year period at seven sites with varying grazing, firing and disturbance. The number of shoots varied markedly between years in all sites, but not synchronously, even when transects were in close proximity. Although shoot numbers increased after fires occurred on several ungrazed transect lines, they decreased on one grazed line. Deep mechanical disturbance of one site resulted in a dramatic decrease in shoot numbers in the following year. However, they increased steadily over the following 2 years. Shoot emergence occurred at twice the expected rate on bare ground in all years and at all sites, and a substantial proportion of shoots was confined to this type of surface. However, shoots were also recorded in fewer numbers in grass cover, herb cover and non-vascular plant crusts. Like some other threatened plants of grassy ecosystems, S. gunnii seems to be rare because it cannot survive with heavy grazing disturbance, ploughing and fertilisation, and, at the other extreme, because it is susceptible to elimination in the absence of environmental conditions and disturbances that create bare ground. JF - Australian Journal of Botany AU - Gilfedder, L AU - Kirkpatrick, J B AD - Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Tasmania, Box 252-55, GPO, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia, j.kirkpatrick@geog.utas.edu.au Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 1 EP - 13 VL - 46 IS - 1 SN - 0067-1924, 0067-1924 KW - Australia, Tasmania KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16474698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Distribution%2C+Disturbance+Tolerance+and+Conservation+of+Stackhousia+gunnii+in+Tasmania&rft.au=Gilfedder%2C+L%3BKirkpatrick%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Gilfedder&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+Journal+of+Botany&rft.issn=00671924&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preparation and Evaluation of Beads Made of Different Calcium Alginate Compositions for Oral Sustained Release of Tiaramide AN - 16474010; 4393413 AB - This study was undertaken to develop a sustained-release formulation of tiaramide (TAM), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with a short half-life, using alginate of different chemical compositions. Alginate gel beads containing TAM were prepared using a gelation of alginate with calcium cations. Bead performance was evaluated in vitro for different dissolution media and beads were also subjected to coating. TAM release was dependent both on its solubility in dissolution medium and the guluronate residue content of the alginate used. The release rate was in the following order: in pH 1.2 > pH 6.8 > water. The fast release rate in pH 1.2 is the result of the high solubility of TAM in acidic medium. Beads based on alginate rich in guluronate residue had the lowest release rate, which can be attributed to the compact structure formed by guluronate residues through cooperative interaction with calcium ions. Alginate beads were administered to beagle dogs, and pharmacokinetic parameters (mean residence time [MRT], t sub(max), C sub(max), and AUC) were calculated. In vivo results were in good agreement with in vitro dissolution characteristics. Beads with high guluronate content gave the best controlled results. In addition, coated beads showed a more satisfactory sustained-release pattern. Calcium alginate appears to be a potential carrier for controlling drug release rate, even for water-soluble drugs such as TAM. JF - Pharmaceutical Development and Technology AU - Fathy, M AU - Safwat, S M AU - El-Shanawany, S M AU - Shawky Tous, S AU - Otagiri, M AD - Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862, Japan, Otagirim@gpo.kumamoto-u.ac.jp Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 355 EP - 364 VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 1083-7450, 1083-7450 KW - calcium alginate KW - tiaramide KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W3 33388:Drug delivery vehicles (liposomes, cochleates, microspheres) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16474010?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmaceutical+Development+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Preparation+and+Evaluation+of+Beads+Made+of+Different+Calcium+Alginate+Compositions+for+Oral+Sustained+Release+of+Tiaramide&rft.au=Fathy%2C+M%3BSafwat%2C+S+M%3BEl-Shanawany%2C+S+M%3BShawky+Tous%2C+S%3BOtagiri%2C+M&rft.aulast=Fathy&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmaceutical+Development+and+Technology&rft.issn=10837450&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Carbon dioxide as a regulator of gene expression in microorganisms AN - 16467090; 4324095 AB - CO sub(2) regulates gene expression across a diverse group of microorganisms including fungi, and both photosynthetic and non photosynthetic bacteria. The processes that CO sub(2) regulates are diverse. Several CO sub(2)-responsive random promoter lacZ fusions of unknown function have been isolated from a marine Synechococcus and a Pseudoalteromonas sp., highlighting the wide effect of CO sub(2) control in these organisms. Regulatory proteins have been described that mediate the CO sub(2) response at transcription level in Bacillus anthracis, the group A streptococci and two Rhodobacter spp.. These regulatory proteins include: AcpA and AtxA that are involved in CO sub(2) control of B. anthracis capsule and toxin production; Mga that regulates surface associated virulence factors in the group A streptococci; and RegB/A, a two component signal transduction system that responds to environmental stimuli including CO sub(2), to regulate photosynthetic apparatus and CO sub(2) fixation enzyme synthesis in Rhodobacter spp.. JF - Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek AU - Stretton, S AU - Goodman, A E Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 79 EP - 85 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 73 IS - 1 KW - bacteria KW - fungi KW - microorganisms KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16467090?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antonie+Van+Leeuwenhoek&rft.atitle=Carbon+dioxide+as+a+regulator+of+gene+expression+in+microorganisms&rft.au=Stretton%2C+S%3BGoodman%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Stretton&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antonie+Van+Leeuwenhoek&rft.issn=00036072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of fish immune cells to in vitro organotin exposures AN - 16298901; 4231129 AB - The presence of contaminants in aquatic environments may compromise the health and survival of fish. Many of these compounds are known immunotoxins in mammals; however, relatively little information is available on the immunotoxic responses of fish to these pollutants. Organotins are examples of widespread industrial and agricultural compounds which persist in aquatic environments. In this study, we investigate the effects of tributyltin (TBT) and its dealkylated metabolite dibutyltin (DBT) on fish immune responses. Immune cells were isolated from the spleen and head kidney of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and exposed to 0, 2.5, 50 and 500 ppb of either TBT or DBT. Mitogenesis was quantified by tritiated thymidine incorporation into cells cultured with the mitogens concanavalin A (Con A) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). No changes in immune function occurred at the lowest organotin dose of 2.5 ppb. Con A-stimulated mitogenesis was significantly suppressed by 85% in spleen cells on exposure to 50 ppb DBT. LPS-stimulated mitogenesis was significantly suppressed by 96% in spleen cells and by 58% in head kidney cells with 50 ppb DBT. The highest concentration of 500 ppb of TBT and DBT inhibited both Con A- and LPS-stimulated mitogenesis by more than 95% in both head kidney and spleen cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed dose-dependent changes in the cell population profile which correlated with the inhibition of mitogen-stimulated lymphoproliferation. In contrast, natural cytotoxic cell activity was not inhibited by in vitro exposure to either compound, as determined by the lysis of chromium-51-labelled K562 human erythroleukaemia cells and P815 mouse mastocytoma cells. These results show that organotins have both functional and tissue-specific effects on the fish immune system, i.e. spleen/head kidney tissue and, in general, LPS-responsive/Con A-responsive leukocytes. In aquatic systems, TBT is considered to be the most toxic organotin compound, and this toxicity decreases with progressive dealkylation to di- and mono-organotins. However, our results indicate that DBT is a more potent immunotoxin than TBT, and suggest a need for the reassessment of the potential toxicity of DBT to aquatic organisms. JF - Aquatic Toxicology AU - O'Halloran, K AU - Ahokas, J T AU - Wright, PFA AD - Key Centre for Applied and Nutritional Toxicology, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, Vic., Australia Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 141 EP - 156 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 40 IS - 2-3 SN - 0166-445X, 0166-445X KW - Rainbow trout KW - dibutyltin KW - organotin compounds KW - tributyltin KW - Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Toxicology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Physiology KW - Freshwater KW - Toxicity tests KW - Exposure KW - Toxicology KW - Tin compounds KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - Fish physiology KW - Fish KW - Organotin compounds KW - Aquatic animals KW - Immune system KW - Pollution effects KW - Pisces KW - Marine KW - Immunology KW - Water pollution effects KW - Toxicity KW - Water pollution KW - Immunotoxicity KW - Antifouling substances KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - Q1 08346:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24161:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16298901?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Response+of+fish+immune+cells+to+in+vitro+organotin+exposures&rft.au=O%27Halloran%2C+K%3BAhokas%2C+J+T%3BWright%2C+PFA&rft.aulast=O%27Halloran&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.issn=0166445X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tin compounds; Aquatic animals; Immunology; Physiology; Pollution effects; Water pollution effects; Toxicity; Toxicity tests; Water pollution; Antifouling substances; Fish physiology; Fish; Toxicology; Immune system; Immunotoxicity; Exposure; Organotin compounds; Pisces; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Freshwater; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cold hardening reduces photoinhibition of Eucalyptus nitens and E. pauciflora at frost temperatures AN - 16280192; 4291291 AB - Photoinhibition of photosynthesis at low temperatures was investigated in two species of subalpine eucalypt, Eucalypts nitens (Deane and Maiden) Maiden and E. pauciflora Sieb. ex Spreng. Imposition of an artificial cold-hardening treatment increased the frost tolerance of leaf tissue and increased tolerance to excess light. Cold-hardened seedlings of both species had a higher photosynthetic capacity than non-hardened seedlings at 6 and 16 degree C and lower levels of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) at 20 and 5 degree C. Furthermore, hardened seedlings had faster rates of NPQ development at 5 and -3.5 degree C. An increase in minimal fluorescence, which indicates slowly reversible photoinhibition, was evident in all seedlings at -1.5 and -3.5 degree C but was less pronounced in hardened seedlings, with a threefold faster rate of development of NPQ, at -3.5 degree C than non-hardened seedlings. Hardened seedlings also recovered faster from photoinhibition at -3.5 degree C. Thus cold hardening increased tolerance to high light in these species. Differences between E. nitens and E. pauciflora in their response to excess light were small and significant only at -3.5 degree C. Faster recovery from photoinhibition of E. pauciflora was consistent with its occurrence in colder habitats than E. nitens. JF - Oecologia AU - Warren, C R AU - Hovenden, MJ AU - Davidson, N J AU - Beadle, CL AD - Dep. Plant Sci., Univ. Tasmania, GPO Box 252-55, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 350 EP - 359 VL - 113 IS - 3 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - cold hardiness KW - photoinhibition KW - photosynthesis KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16280192?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Cold+hardening+reduces+photoinhibition+of+Eucalyptus+nitens+and+E.+pauciflora+at+frost+temperatures&rft.au=Warren%2C+C+R%3BHovenden%2C+MJ%3BDavidson%2C+N+J%3BBeadle%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=350&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Controls of primary productivity: Lessons from the Luquillo Mountains in Puerto Rico AN - 16268537; 4268628 AB - The Luquillo Mountains of eastern Puerto Rico are used as a case study to evaluate possible single- or multiple-factor controls of productivity in montane forests. A review of published studies from the Luquillo Mountains revealed that canopy height, productivity, and species richness decline while stem density increases with elevation, as is typical of other montane forests. A mid-elevation floodplain palm stand with high levels of productivity provides a notable exception to this pattern. Previous basic and applied studies of productivity in the Luquillo Mountains have consistently considered the overall gradient in productivity to be important in understanding forest structure and function. Recent observational and experimental studies have determined that disturbance of all types is an important factor mediating productivity in both low- and high-elevation (cloud) forests. For example, low-elevation forest recovers more quickly from hurricane disturbance and is more responsive to nutrient additions than is cloud forest. All of the factors proposed for limiting productivity are supported in one way or another by research in the Luquillo Mountains. What is critically lacking is both an appreciation for the way that these factors interact and experiments appropriate to evaluate multiple controls acting simultaneously. JF - Ecology AU - Waide, R B AU - Zimmerman, J K AU - Scatena, F N AD - Inst. for Trop. Ecosystem Stud., Univ. Puerto Rico, G.P.O. Box 363682, San Juan, PR 00936, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 31 EP - 37 VL - 79 IS - 1 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Puerto Rico KW - forests KW - montane environments KW - primary production KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04126:Tropical forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16268537?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Controls+of+primary+productivity%3A+Lessons+from+the+Luquillo+Mountains+in+Puerto+Rico&rft.au=Waide%2C+R+B%3BZimmerman%2C+J+K%3BScatena%2C+F+N&rft.aulast=Waide&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Treatment of simulated aquaculture water using biofilters subjected to aeration/non-aeration cycles AN - 16130297; 4536261 AB - The overall objective of this research activity is the development of a fixed-film biological nutrient removal (BNR) biofilter system for the reuse and discharge of a selected aquaculture water. The three stage biofilter system used in the study provided alternating aeration/non-aeration cycles for phosphorus removal in two of the three biofilters. The removal of TOC and ammonia improved as the cycle duration (CD) increased as a result of the reduction in the frequency of the transition periods between the cycles. The system achieved limited net phosphorus removal due to the limited sludge wasting and lack of external organic carbon supplies during phosphorus uptake. However, the phosphorus activity in the system was significant and was modified by the CD. The denitrification activity was coupled with phosphorus uptake and both activities appeared to have been supplied by an internal organic carbon source. The major challenges of achieving phosphorus removal in the system include: (1) overcoming the deterioration in the performance of the system during the transition period following the start of each new cycle; and (2) wasting the excess biomass following the aeration cycle. Without active sludge wasting, the system behaves as a phosphorus reservoir with a limited storage capacity. On the other hand, frequent sludge wasting may disrupt the performance of the system. JF - Water Science & Technology AU - Shanableh, A AU - Hijazi, A A2 - Grabow, WOK A2 - Dohmann, M A2 - Haas, C A2 - Hall, ER A2 - Lesouef, A A2 - Orhon, D A2 - Van Der Vlies, A A2 - Watanabe, Y A2 - Milburn, A A2 - Purdon, CD A2 - Nagle, PT (eds) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 9 EP - 231 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK SN - 0080433952 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Recirculating systems KW - Freshwater KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Aquaculture KW - Phosphorus removal KW - Activated sludge KW - Water treatment KW - Denitrification KW - Deterioration KW - Marine KW - Aquaculture effluents KW - Biofilters KW - Brackish KW - Simulation KW - Sludge KW - Biomass KW - Storage Capacity KW - Aeration KW - Biofiltration KW - Phosphorus Removal KW - Wastewater Treatment KW - Q3 01588:Effects of Aquaculture on the Environment KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - Q5 01505:Prevention and control KW - Q1 01588:Effects of Aquaculture on the Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16130297?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aquatic+Science+%26+Fisheries+Abstracts+%28ASFA%29+3%3A+Aquatic+Pollution+%26+Environmental+Quality&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Shanableh%2C+A%3BHijazi%2C+A&rft.aulast=Shanableh&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=0080433952&rft.btitle=Treatment+of+simulated+aquaculture+water+using+biofilters+subjected+to+aeration%2Fnon-aeration+cycles&rft.title=Treatment+of+simulated+aquaculture+water+using+biofilters+subjected+to+aeration%2Fnon-aeration+cycles&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Overview of American disinfectant residual practices AN - 16129531; 4527433 AB - In the United States (US) the primary way, until recently, to inactivate or remove pathogens contained in drinking water is through the application of chlorine, either alone or in combination with chloramine. Chlorine has been favored choice of disinfection because of its low cost relative to filtration systems and the high level of purity of many US water supplies that require minimal treatment (e.g. chemical disenfection only). During the late 1980s and early 1990s, in response to the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR), many water systems began to install filtration to remove pathogenic organisms. The SWTR not only required systems to install filtration, but to maintain a disinfectant residual in the distribution system. During the same period the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) promulgated the Total Coliform Rule (TCR), that requires water suppliers to monitor for coliforms in the distribution system. The detection of positive coliform can represent a violation for water suppliers and the major method for the elimination of coliforms in the distribution system is to increase disinfectant residuals. These regulations combined with the fact that chlorine is a less expensive option compared to other means of pathogen inactivation, has lead to drinking water that is distributed with high levels chlorine. However, the current situation in the US is drven by consumers expectations of water that does not have chlorine, taste, or odor This papers presents an overview in the practice of disinfection of drinking water that is distributed by presenting and discussing survey data and case studies. JF - Water Supply AU - Clement, JA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 41 EP - 47 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd., Osney Mead Oxford OX2 0EL UK, [URL:http://www.blacksci.co.uk] VL - 16 IS - 3-4 KW - USA KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water supplies (Potable) KW - Disinfection KW - Chlorine KW - Water supplies KW - Organoleptic Properties KW - Bacteria (Coliform) KW - Government regulations KW - Drinking Water KW - Law (see also Legislation) KW - Regulations KW - Residual Chlorine KW - Survey KW - Case study KW - Coliforms KW - Case Studies KW - Surveys KW - Organoleptic properties KW - Pathogens KW - EPA KW - Filtration KW - Reviews KW - Pathogenic organism KW - Monitoring KW - Drinking water KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16129531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Supply&rft.atitle=Overview+of+American+disinfectant+residual+practices&rft.au=Clement%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Clement&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Supply&rft.issn=07351917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Endangered Species List Revisions: A Summary of Delisting and Downlisting (January 5, 1998) AN - 14578504; 10607551 AB - The Endangered Species Act was enacted in 1973, mandating, among other actions, the listing of endangered and threatened animal and plant species. A process was also put into place for delisting or downlisting a specie, and a specie may be removed from the list only if data substantiate that it is no longer threatened or endangered. Seven species of wildlife that are now extinct and have, therefore, been removed from the Lists of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants are identified as the Tecopa pupfish, longjaw cisco, blue pike, Santa Barbara song sparrow, Sampson's pearly mussel, Amistad gambusia, and dusky seaside sparrow. A number of species are also identified that have recovered to the point where no further protection under the Endangered Species Act is required, as are a number of species that have stabilized or increased in number and have, therefore, been reclassified from endangered to threatened status. JF - CRS Report for Congress: Order Code 98-32 ENR AU - Noecker, Robert J Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 PB - Congressional Research Service, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB KW - Environment Abstracts KW - ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT 73 KW - DATA, WILDLIFE KW - EXTINCT SPECIES, ANIMAL KW - ENDANGERED SPECIES, ANIMAL KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14578504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CRS+Report+for+Congress%3A+Order+Code+98-32+ENR&rft.atitle=Endangered+Species+List+Revisions%3A+A+Summary+of+Delisting+and+Downlisting+%28January+5%2C+1998%29&rft.au=Noecker%2C+Robert+J&rft.aulast=Noecker&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=CRS+Report+for+Congress%3A+Order+Code+98-32+ENR&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.csa.com/htbin/envabs.cgi?pdf=01-13816.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 12 |t References N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DATA, WILDLIFE; ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT 73; EXTINCT SPECIES, ANIMAL; ENDANGERED SPECIES, ANIMAL ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative Potency of Xenobiotic Estrogens in an Acute in Vivo Mammalian Assay AN - 14482050; 10547325 AB - The estrogenic potency of a range of xenoestrogens was examined in an acute in vivo mammalian assay. The response chosen was the rapid increase in uterine vascular permeability following estrogen exposure. A quantitative index of the permeability of the uterine vasculature 4 h after subcutaneous injection of the test compounds was obtained from the leakage of radiolabeled albumin from the circulation. Result showed that estradiol and estriol readily induced vascular responses, but for the other compounds, much higher concentrations were required. Overall, their estrogenic potency was quite weak when assessed in an acute response. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Milligan AU - Balasubramanian, A V AU - Kalita, J C Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 23 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 106 IS - 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - DOSE RESPONSE PROFILES KW - BIOASSAY KW - HORMONES KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14482050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Relative+Potency+of+Xenobiotic+Estrogens+in+an+Acute+in+Vivo+Mammalian+Assay&rft.au=Milligan%3BBalasubramanian%2C+A+V%3BKalita%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Milligan&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 2 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DOSE RESPONSE PROFILES; BIOASSAY; HORMONES ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bone Lead as a Biological Marker in Epidemiologic Studies of Chronic Toxicity: Conceptual Paradigms AN - 14481443; 10547322 AB - Several recent studies have indicated significant relationships between low-level lead exposure and neurologic toxicity in both adults and children. The most common biological marker of Pb dose has been the Pb level in blood, but the correlations between blood Pb levels and toxicity outcomes have generally been statistically weak. Evidence now suggests that a cumulative measure of Pb dose may be the most important determinant of some forms of toxicity. K x-ray fluorescence is described, which has been shown to be a powerful methodology for evaluating bone Pb level as an indicator of exposure integrated over many years. Two conceptual paradigms are examined to support the use of this biomarker of Pb exposure-bone Pb as the repository for cumulative Pb exposure, and bone as a Pb source. Strategies for distinguishing the relative importance of the two paradigms in epidemiologic studies are outlined. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hu, Howard AU - Rabinowitz, Michael AU - Smith, Donald Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 1 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 106 IS - 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - FLUORESCENCE KW - BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS KW - X RAYS KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - MEASUREMENTS AND SENSING KW - LEAD KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14481443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Bone+Lead+as+a+Biological+Marker+in+Epidemiologic+Studies+of+Chronic+Toxicity%3A+Conceptual+Paradigms&rft.au=Hu%2C+Howard%3BRabinowitz%2C+Michael%3BSmith%2C+Donald&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 3 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - MEASUREMENTS AND SENSING; FLUORESCENCE; BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS; LEAD; X RAYS; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Childhood Cancer: A Growing Problem AN - 14481405; 10547321 AB - Childhood cancers in the US appear to be increasing by a rate of approximately 10% per year, mostly for leukemia and tumors of the central nervous system, which account for roughly 50% of all cases. Attempting to identify trends in childhood incidence rates is difficult due to relatively small sample sizes that are statistically unstable and yield estimates that vary widely from year to year. The investigation of childhood cancers through clusters is discussed, along with the possible implication of environmental factors, such as genetic abnormalities, UV and ionizing radiation, electromagnetic fields, viral infections, medications, food additives, and industrial and agricultural chemicals. Fortunately, even though incidence rates are increasing, the prognosis for children with cancer is improving rapidly. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Schmidt, Charles W Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 106 IS - 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - MEASUREMENTS AND SENSING KW - CANCER RISK KW - PATHOLOGY, CHILDREN KW - CARCINOGENIC AGENTS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14481405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Childhood+Cancer%3A+A+Growing+Problem&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+Charles+W&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 3 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - MEASUREMENTS AND SENSING; CANCER RISK; CARCINOGENIC AGENTS; PATHOLOGY, CHILDREN ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accumulation of Chlorpyrifos on Residential Surfaces and Toys Accessible to Children AN - 14481066; 10547323 AB - Pesticides deposited indoors can represent a significant source of potential contact and exposure to young children through nondietary ingestion and dermal absorption pathways. These pathways were investigated after treatment of two similar apartments with Dursban, which contained 41.5% chlorpyrifos. Measurements included concentration of chlorpyrifos in air, in toys, and in dust in and on smooth surfaces. Chlorpyrifos was found to be distributed first in the particle phase immediately following application. Then, over time, chlorpyrifos gradually volatilized into the room and was sorbed to activated surfaces. Results indicated that chlorpyrifos sorbed to both plastic and felt toys, with both showing significant increases in pesticide levels. The levels on plastic toys increased rapidly, while the felt toys showed slower but sustained increases over a two-week sampling period. A model was developed of the two-phase process of deposition and volatilization, which was used to estimate exposure and dose. The surface loading of chlorpyrifos was calculated to range 3.654 ng/cm super(2) on a dresser top and 19507075 ng/cm super(2) on plastic toys. Therefore, pesticide exposure to young children will be underestimated if chronic exposures from dermal and nondietary ingestion from contact with toys and other furniture are not considered. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Gurunathan, Somia AU - Robson, Mark AU - Freeman, Natalie AU - Buckley, Brian AU - Roy, Amit AU - Meyer, Roy AU - Bukowski, John Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 9 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 106 IS - 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - DEPOSITION, DRY KW - VOLATILIZATION KW - PESTICIDE USAGE, RESIDENTIAL KW - RISK ASSESSMENT KW - CHLORPYRIFOS KW - AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14481066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Accumulation+of+Chlorpyrifos+on+Residential+Surfaces+and+Toys+Accessible+to+Children&rft.au=Gurunathan%2C+Somia%3BRobson%2C+Mark%3BFreeman%2C+Natalie%3BBuckley%2C+Brian%3BRoy%2C+Amit%3BMeyer%2C+Roy%3BBukowski%2C+John&rft.aulast=Gurunathan&rft.aufirst=Somia&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DEPOSITION, DRY; RISK ASSESSMENT; VOLATILIZATION; PESTICIDE USAGE, RESIDENTIAL; CHLORPYRIFOS; AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Common Commercial Cosmetic Products Induce Arthritis in the DA Rat AN - 14480846; 10547326 AB - Several commercially available mineral-oil-containing skin products, a vaginal gel, and two pure mineral oils were assessed in terms of their ability to induce arthritis in Dark Agouti (DA) rats after intradermal, percutaneous, or peroral administration. The compositions of the different products are described. The routes of administration included: intradermal injection, percutaneous application, intravaginal application, peroral feeding, and subcutaneous implant. The results clearly showed that some of the products could induce arthritis. Mineral oils added to the commercial cosmetic products were found to retain their arthritogenic potentials in the rats, even after being mixed with the many additional substances. Only administration via the skin caused arthritis, whereas peroral or intravaginal applications did not. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Sverdrup, B AU - Klareskog, L AU - Kleinau, S Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 27 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 106 IS - 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - RISK ASSESSMENT KW - DISEASES AND DISORDERS KW - BIOASSAY KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14480846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Common+Commercial+Cosmetic+Products+Induce+Arthritis+in+the+DA+Rat&rft.au=Sverdrup%2C+B%3BKlareskog%2C+L%3BKleinau%2C+S&rft.aulast=Sverdrup&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 2 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - RISK ASSESSMENT; DISEASES AND DISORDERS; BIOASSAY ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bay or Baylike Regions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Were Potent Inhibitors of Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication AN - 14479867; 10547324 AB - Gap junctional intercellular communication activity was used to determine the structureactivity relationships of 12 different PAHs. The PAHs examined were: naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, anthracene, 1-methylanthracene, 2-methylanthracene, 9-methylanthracene, 9,10-dimethyanthracene, phenanthrene, fluorene, 1-methylfluorene, and fluoranthene. Gap junctional intercellular communication was determined using the scrape loading/dye transfer assay. Results are presented in terms of doseresponse, cytotoxicity, time recovery, and time response. The naphthalene-type PAHs were observed to inhibit gap junctional intercellular communication in a shorter time period and were cytotoxic at higher doses and incubation times compared with the other PAHs. Inhibition occurred in a short period of time for all of the compounds, indicating that the gap junctions were being modified at the post-translational level. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Weis, Liliane M AU - Rummel, Alisa M AU - Masten, Susan J AU - Trosko, James E AU - Upham, Brad L Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 17 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 106 IS - 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - DOSE RESPONSE PROFILES KW - CYTOTOXICITY KW - QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATION KW - POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14479867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Bay+or+Baylike+Regions+of+Polycyclic+Aromatic+Hydrocarbons+Were+Potent+Inhibitors+of+Gap+Junctional+Intercellular+Communication&rft.au=Weis%2C+Liliane+M%3BRummel%2C+Alisa+M%3BMasten%2C+Susan+J%3BTrosko%2C+James+E%3BUpham%2C+Brad+L&rft.aulast=Weis&rft.aufirst=Liliane&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DOSE RESPONSE PROFILES; CYTOTOXICITY; QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATION; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human Biomonitoring of Arsenic and Antimony in Case of an Elevated Geogenic Exposure AN - 14478011; 10547327 AB - The transfer of arsenic and antimony from the environment to humans in the northern Palatinate region of Germany was investigated. The study focused on soil contamination as the main source of exposure, using urinary concentrations and scalp hair as the biomarkers. A nonexposed reference group from Saxony was used as the control. Results showed that, compared to their natural range, high concentrations of both As and Sb were found in the northern Palatinate soil. A slight but significant correlation was found between the 24-h As excretion in urine and the content of As in the soil. Similar results were found for scalp hair. However, neither urine nor scalp hair showed increasing Sb levels with increasing Sb contents in soil. Multiple regression analysis revealed that male sex was positively associated with the contents of As and Sb in urine and with the contents of As in scalp hair. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Gebel, Thomas W AU - Suchenwirth, Roland HR AU - Bolten, Claudia AU - Dunkelberg, HHartmut Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 33 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 106 IS - 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - ANTIMONY KW - SOIL CONTAMINATION KW - GERMANY KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - HAIR KW - ARSENIC KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14478011?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Human+Biomonitoring+of+Arsenic+and+Antimony+in+Case+of+an+Elevated+Geogenic+Exposure&rft.au=Gebel%2C+Thomas+W%3BSuchenwirth%2C+Roland+HR%3BBolten%2C+Claudia%3BDunkelberg%2C+HHartmut&rft.aulast=Gebel&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 5 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ANTIMONY; SOIL CONTAMINATION; ARSENIC; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN; GERMANY; HAIR ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Chronic Exposure to Low Doses of Trichloroethylene on Steroid Hormone and Insulin Levels in Normal Men AN - 14477532; 10547328 AB - In a population of 85 male workers in an electronics factory where trichloroethylene was used as a degreaser, the effects of long-term exposure to trichloroethylene on insulin and adrenal hormones were investigated. Urine samples were analyzed for the presence of trichloroacetic acid, and blood samples were analyzed for serum testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, androstenedione, cortisol, aldosterone, and insulin. Trichloroethylene exposure in the breathing zone was found to be well below the current threshold limit value of 50 ppm. The concentrations of urine trichloroacetic acid ranged 0.8136.4 mg/g creatine. Serum levels of insulin were positively correlated to the urine levels of trichloroacetic acid. Only serum levels of testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin were significantly negatively and positively correlated, respectively, to the years of exposure to trichloroethylene. Androstenedione, testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin were significantly negatively correlated with serum insulin. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Goh, Victor Hng-Hang AU - Chia, Sin-Eng AU - Ong, Choon-Nam Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 41 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 106 IS - 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - HORMONAL EFFECTS KW - TRICHLOROETHYLENE KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - HEALTH SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL KW - BLOOD ANALYSIS KW - REPRODUCTION, HUMAN KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14477532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Chronic+Exposure+to+Low+Doses+of+Trichloroethylene+on+Steroid+Hormone+and+Insulin+Levels+in+Normal+Men&rft.au=Goh%2C+Victor+Hng-Hang%3BChia%2C+Sin-Eng%3BOng%2C+Choon-Nam&rft.aulast=Goh&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 4 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - HEALTH SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL; BLOOD ANALYSIS; REPRODUCTION, HUMAN; HORMONAL EFFECTS; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Proposal for a Common Urban Language AN - 1416379714 JF - Places : a Quarterly Journal of Environmental Design AU - Duany, Andres Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 76 CY - Cambridge, Mass. PB - MIT Press for the College of Environmental Design, University of California and the School of Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0731-0455 KW - Housing And Urban Planning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1416379714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apio&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Places+%3A+a+Quarterly+Journal+of+Environmental+Design&rft.atitle=A+Proposal+for+a+Common+Urban+Language&rft.au=Duany%2C+Andres&rft.aulast=Duany&rft.aufirst=Andres&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=76&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Places+%3A+a+Quarterly+Journal+of+Environmental+Design&rft.issn=07310455&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2013-08-01 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Biennial report to Congress on the status of GPO Access, a service of the U.S. Government Printing Office AN - 59950641; 1999-0514650 AB - On the service which provides public access to more than 70 online databases of government publications and documents and other electronic federal information resources. Data bases include the Congressional Record, the Federal Register, the Congressional Record Index, bills and laws, the US Code, GAO reports, and others. JF - United States Government Printing Office, December 31 1997. Y1 - 1997/12/31/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Dec 31 PB - United States Government Printing Office KW - Information processing systems -- Government use KW - Data base systems -- Government use KW - Government information -- Information processing systems KW - Government records -- Information processing systems KW - United States -- Government printing office KW - Online information retrieval -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59950641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Biennial+report+to+Congress+on+the+status+of+GPO+Access%2C+a+service+of+the+U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.title=Biennial+report+to+Congress+on+the+status+of+GPO+Access%2C+a+service+of+the+U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Govt Printing Office pa N1 - Document feature - chart(s) N1 - SuppNotes - +unp N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - GEN T1 - National Survey Results on Drug Use from the Monitoring the Future Study, 1975-1995. Volume II: College Students and Young Adults. AN - 62554560; ED415462 AB - To better understand the risk for U.S. youth substance abuse, the results of all the follow-up surveys of the graduating high school classes of 1976 through 1994--taken from the Monitoring the Future study of young adults, ages 19-32 years old--is presented here. The report serves a social monitoring function, in which levels and trends in certain behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and conditions in this population are accurately assessed. It includes trend data for the high school senior population, as well as for college students--an important subset of the young adult population for which very little nationally representative data exists. After outlining study design and procedures, the findings are presented in six chapters: (1) "Prevalence of Drug Use among Young Adults," (2)"Trends in Drug Use among Young Adults," (3) "Attitudes and Beliefs about Drugs among Young Adults," (4) "The Social Milieu for Young Adults," (5) "Prevalence of Drug Use among College Students," and (6) "Trends in Drug Use among College Students." Overall, it was found that there were appreciable declines in the use of a number of the illicit drugs among high school seniors, with the largest declines evident among American college students and young adults. (RJM) AU - Johnston, Lloyd D. AU - O'Malley, Patrick M. AU - Bachman, Jerald G. Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 216 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160493145 KW - Risk Assessment KW - United States KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Grade 12 KW - Substance Abuse KW - Young Adults KW - Higher Education KW - National Surveys KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Risk KW - High Schools KW - College Students KW - Tables (Data) KW - High School Students KW - Drug Use KW - Trend Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62554560?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For Volume I, see CG 027 671. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Retirement and Other Departure Plans of Instructional Faculty and Staff in Higher Education Institutions. 1993 National Study of Postsecondary Faculty (NSOPF-93). Statistical Analysis Report. AN - 62554351; ED414846 AB - This study examined retirement and other departure plans of full- and part-time faculty and staff in higher education institutions using data from the 1988 and 1993 National Studies of Postsecondary Faculty. Among the study's findings were: 22 percent of full-time and 38 percent of part-time faculty planned to leave their current position within the next three years; 57 percent of full-time faculty and staff planned to retire between the ages of 60 and 70; 28 percent of full-time faculty and staff indicated a willingness to take early retirement; and differences in retirement plans existed by gender, race/ethnicity, academic field, and type and control of institution. The study concluded that institutional policies such as early retirement incentives and part-time employment options may alter employees' retirement plans and behavior. Individual sections of the report detail the study's findings on: characteristics of full-time and part-time instructional faculty and staff; retirement and other separation and mobility plans; mobility to a job not in postsecondary education; expected retirement age or age when planning to leave postsecondary education; and interest in early retirement options. Appended are technical notes, standard error tables, and the survey questionnaires. (DB) AU - Chronister, Jay L. AU - Baldwin, Roger G. AU - Conley, Valerie M. Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 172 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160493129 KW - National Study of Postsecondary Faculty KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Intellectual Disciplines KW - Teacher Retirement KW - Full Time Faculty KW - Teacher Characteristics KW - Part Time Faculty KW - Aging in Academia KW - Higher Education KW - National Surveys KW - Retirement KW - College Faculty KW - Older Adults KW - Faculty Mobility KW - Colleges KW - Personnel KW - Sex Differences KW - Teacher Persistence KW - Faculty College Relationship KW - Age Differences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62554351?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Chartbook of Degrees Conferred, 1969-70 to 1993-94. AN - 62554290; ED414864 AB - This document presents trend data for degrees conferred on U.S. students attending 2-year and 4-year institutions from 1969-70 to 1993-94. The data, which includes statistical tables, graphs and narrative, were obtained from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System and the Higher Education General Information Survey and show the number and percent of degrees conferred by field, degree level, and sex of student, including breakdowns on degrees conferred on minorities and women. Ten figures highlight data on: U.S. resident population age 18 to 29, by sex, 1940-94; percent of degrees (associate, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral) conferred on resident minority students, 1977-94; and percent of degrees conferred, by sex, 1970-94. Data is organized according to the following field-of-study categories: agricultural and natural resources; biological/life sciences; business, computer and information sciences; education; engineering; health professions and related sciences; mathematics; physical sciences and science technologies; social sciences and history; and first professional degrees. Data for minorities do not show trends in degrees earned by subpopulations. However, data is provided on degrees conferred for the following groups: Black, non-Hispanic; Hispanic; Asian or Pacific Islander; American Indian/Alaskan Native; White, non-Hispanic; and nonresident alien. (SW) AU - Snyder, Thomas D. Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 296 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160493110 KW - Higher Information General Information Survey KW - Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Intellectual Disciplines KW - Two Year Colleges KW - Masters Degrees KW - Males KW - Specialization KW - Majors (Students) KW - Higher Education KW - Associate Degrees KW - Degrees (Academic) KW - Minority Groups KW - Bachelors Degrees KW - Professional Education KW - College Graduates KW - Statistical Data KW - Doctoral Degrees KW - Females KW - Universities KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trend Analysis KW - Sex UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62554290?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Confronting the Odds: Students At Risk and the Pipeline to Higher Education. Statistical Analysis Report. AN - 62549395; ED414845 AB - This study used data on 1992 high school graduates from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (a survey that began with eighth graders in 1988 and followed them every two years through 1994) to examine the critical junctures when at-risk high school graduates are most likely to leave the pipeline to college enrollment, and to identify factors that increase their chances of successfully navigating the enrollment pipeline. An at-risk student was defined as having risk factors such as being from a single parent household, having an older sibling who dropped out of high school, and earning low grades between sixth and eighth grades. Highlights of the findings include: about 58 percent of graduates had one or more risk factors; of these, 30 percent successfully navigated the pipeline to college enrollment; at-risk students differed most from counterparts in their educational aspirations and academic preparation; and academically prepared at-risk students were much less likely than counterparts to take an entrance exam. After an introductory chapter, two chapters detail data and definitions and provide an overview of students at risk. The following two chapters present findings on the pipeline to a four-year college and compare at-risk students regarding completion of math courses, help received in the college application process, and level of school involvement of students, parents, and peers. Appended are a glossary, technical notes, and supplementary tables. (DB) AU - Horn, Laura J. Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 87 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 016049334X KW - National Education Longitudinal Study 1988 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - High School Graduates KW - High Risk Students KW - College Entrance Examinations KW - College Bound Students KW - Access to Education KW - Student Characteristics KW - Academic Achievement KW - Higher Education KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - College Applicants KW - Outcomes of Education KW - Mathematics KW - Dropouts KW - Family Involvement KW - High Schools KW - Peer Influence KW - Academic Aspiration KW - Disadvantaged Youth KW - College Admission KW - Tables (Data) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62549395?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Dropout Rates in the United States: 1996. AN - 62533578; ED415316 AB - This report, ninth in a series, presents data for 1996 on high school dropout and persistence rates, and examines high school completion and graduation rates. In addition to extending time series data reported in earlier years, the report focuses on the characteristics of high school dropouts and school completers in 1996. Although the reporting of dropout statistics is no longer required by law, this report has been continued because of the importance of charting dropout behavior among America's youth. It is based on the best and most current data available, including the Current Population Survey of the Bureau of the Census. Five of every 100 young adults enrolled in high school in October 1995 left school before October of 1996 without completing a high school program. This estimate of 5% is on a par with those reported over the last 10 years. A larger percentage of Hispanic students, compared with Whites, leave school short of completing a high school program. Although the 6.7% rate for Black students falls between the rate of 9.0% for Hispanics and 4.1% for Whites, the differences are not significant. In addition, Hispanic young adults without a high school credential have completed less schooling than Black and White dropouts. In 1996, young adults living in families with incomes in the lowest 20% of all family incomes were twice as likely to drop out as their peers from families in the top 20%. While 96% of young adults from families with high incomes had a high school diploma, only about 75% of youths from low-income families reached this goal. Some young people re-enroll or complete high school credentials through alternative routes. The percent holding alternative certification has doubled from 4.9% in 1990 to 9.8% in 1996. These changes hold true throughout the country. Appendixes contain standard error and time series tables, technical notes, and supplemental tables. (Contains 17 tables and 5 figures.) (SLD) AU - McMillen, Marilyn M. AU - Kaufman, Phillip Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 110 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 016049317X KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Low Income Groups KW - High School Graduates KW - Socioeconomic Status KW - School Holding Power KW - Dropout Rate KW - Racial Differences KW - National Surveys KW - Census Figures KW - Comparative Analysis KW - White Students KW - Hispanic Americans KW - High Schools KW - Black Students KW - Urban Youth KW - Tables (Data) KW - High School Students UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62533578?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Disseminating Promising and Exemplary Programs: Planning a System of Expert Panels. Working Papers. Meeting Report and Follow-Up Papers [from an OERI-Sponsored Meeting (Chicago, Illinois, March 24, 1997).] AN - 62529143; ED415575 AB - This report summarizes the proceedings of an Office of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI) sponsored meeting. The discussion and followup papers address issues related to disseminating promising and exemplary programs in conjunction with OERI's responsibilities to plan a system of expert panels. Section 1 of the report includes the minutes of the planning meeting, a summary of the themes from the discussion groups, the agenda, a list of participants, and meeting handouts. Section 2, making up more than half the report, contains the individual commissioned papers. They are: "An Overview of OERI Efforts to Develop a System to Designate and Disseminate Promising and Exemplary Products, Programs and Practices" (Susan Klein); "Expert Panels and the Dissemination of Exemplary Practices" (John Evans); "The System of Expert Panels: Reflections on the Future from Lessons of the Past Twenty Years" (M. Christine Dwyer); "Sharing the Best We've Got to Offer: Reflections on a System of Expert Panels to Designate and Disseminate Promising and Exemplary Products, Programs, and Practices (John Luczak); "Dissemination and Evaluation Issues Related to the System of Expert Panels" (Gary Borich); "The Expert Panels to be Charged with Identifying Promising and Exemplary Educational Programs: Issues and Suggestions" (Janet Carter); "Other Key Issues for Planning a System of Expert Panels: Making a Complex System Viable, Inclusive, and Fair" (Floraline Stevens); "Expert Panels and Educational Reforms: Some Perceptions Based on a Search for Promising and Exemplary Adolescent Pregnancy Programs" (Karen Bogart); "Reactions to the Expert Panel System as Piloted by OERI" (Lynn Fox); "Some Thoughts and Reflections on the OERI Expert Panel System" (Harilyn Rousso); "The Gender Equity Expert Panel: The Core Gender Equity Sub-Panel One Year Later" (Marylin A. Hulme); "Advice for Planning a System of Expert Panels" (Mary M. Wiberg); and "Lessons to be Learned from Setting Up the Gender Equity Expert Panel for Establishing a System of Expert Panels in Education" (Patricia E. Ortman). (LMI) Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 185 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160493897 KW - Experts KW - Panel Reviews KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Excellence in Education KW - Information Utilization KW - Program Implementation KW - Information Dissemination KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Program Evaluation KW - Educational Improvement KW - Sex Discrimination KW - Outcomes of Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62529143?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Individualizing: A Plan for Success. Training Guides for the Head Start Learning Community. AN - 62456051; ED424018 AB - This guide is intended for use in training Head Start staff working with families to plan and implement the program's curriculum through an individualized child development and education approach. The guide focuses specifically on enhancing staff skills in carrying out the four steps in the individualizing process: screening; evaluation; planning; and ongoing assessment. Following an introductory section, the guide presents four training modules. Each module details expected outcomes, key concepts, background information, learning activities, and next steps. Handouts are included for each module. Module One, "Learning about Each Child--The First Step in Individualizing," provides an overview of the individualizing process. Module Two, "Creating Essential Partnerships--Families and Staff Working Together," allows participants to establish partnerships with families so they can share information about each child. Module Three, "Individualizing Every Day--An Ongoing Dynamic Process," encourages participants to respond to each child's unique characteristics by individualizing all aspects of the curriculum. Module four, "Responding to Children's Progress--The Ongoing Process Continues," builds participants' ability to conduct ongoing assessment. The final sections of the guide contain continuing professional development and resource lists. Five appendices address individualizing, culturally competent practices, screening instruments, characteristics of strong partnerships, and assessment in Head Start. (SD) Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 164 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 016042738X KW - Project Head Start KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Teachers KW - Workshops KW - Individualized Programs KW - High Risk Students KW - Individualized Instruction KW - Individual Needs KW - Individual Instruction KW - Staff Development KW - Family Involvement KW - Partnerships in Education KW - Curriculum Development KW - Preschool Education KW - Student Needs KW - Child Development KW - Resource Materials KW - Training Methods KW - Preschool Children UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62456051?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For other "Training Guides" in this series, see ED N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Emerging Literacy: Linking Social Competence to Learning. Training Guides for the Head Start Learning Community. AN - 62436318; ED424017 AB - Defining literacy development as a continuous process that has its roots in the home, this training guide is intended to enhance the skills of Head Start staff in collaborating with families to support the development of children's language skills. The guide also describes the emerging literacy for children from birth through the preschool years. Following an introductory section, the guide presents four training modules. Each module details expected outcomes, key concepts, background information, learning activities and next steps. Handouts are included for each module. Module One, "Emerging Literacy: Supporting a Natural Process," provides an overview of emerging literacy. Module Two, "From Cooing to Talking: Partners in Conversation," enhances staff ability to listen and respond to children, engage them, and encourage their use of listening and speaking skills. Module Three, "The Magic World of Reading: Opening Doors for Children," helps staff improve their skills in enhancing children's enjoyment and understanding of books. Module Four, "Setting the Stage for Literacy Explorations," allows staff to create literacy-rich environments in Head Start settings and promote literacy exploration through the environment and activities related to children's interests. The final sections of the guide include a continuing professional development section which suggests activities to enhance skills developed through this guide, and a resource section which offers more information concerning topics covered in the guide. (SD) Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 222 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160427363 KW - Project Head Start KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Teachers KW - Workshops KW - High Risk Students KW - Language Acquisition KW - Reading Skills KW - Staff Development KW - Beginning Reading KW - Preschool Education KW - Interpersonal Competence KW - Emergent Literacy KW - Resource Materials KW - Training Methods KW - Preschool Children KW - Literacy Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62436318?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For other "Training Guides" in this series, see ED N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Feminism and the Future, Sisterhood and the State AN - 61602644; 9909460 AB - A review essay on a book by Hester Eisenstein, Inside Agitators: Australian Femocrats and the State (Sydney, Australia: Allen & Unwin, 1996), which examines the recent increased presence of feminist bureaucrats in senior-level positions in the Australian government. The book offers a clear exposition of the experiences of the 32 "femocrats" interviewed in 1990. However, in following this research design, Eisenstein has produced a thesis that is sharply structured by the experiences, settings, strategies, & shared culture of the interviewees. It is therefore likely that a different set of informants would produce a different interpretation of the research question. Moreover, the book might have benefited from a greater appreciation of the fact that the term "femocrat" might be defined differently by women working in related contexts, eg, trade unions or service agencies. Despite these limitations, the volume opens a research domain that might be pursued in the guise of more national & international comparisons & different methodologies. 4 References. D. Ryfe JF - Discourse AU - Ramsay, Eleanor AD - U South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 479 EP - 489 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0159-6306, 0159-6306 KW - Bureaucracy KW - Professional Women KW - Feminist Theory KW - Government Agencies KW - Civil Service KW - Australia KW - article KW - 2959: feminist/gender studies; feminist studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61602644?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Discourse&rft.atitle=Feminism+and+the+Future%2C+Sisterhood+and+the+State&rft.au=Ramsay%2C+Eleanor&rft.aulast=Ramsay&rft.aufirst=Eleanor&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=479&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Discourse&rft.issn=01596306&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - DISCDK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Australia; Professional Women; Civil Service; Government Agencies; Feminist Theory; Bureaucracy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Macedonian Question: An Historical and Sociological Perspective AN - 61578414; 9813885 AB - Examines the controversy surrounding the "Macedonian question" -- the attempt by contemporary Slavophones from the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to appropriate the name Macedonia for their ethnic community. Discussion focuses on the origination of the term Macedonia as a Hellenic noun with the historical formation of the territory known as Macedonia, disputes antecedent to the current Macedonian question, scholarship debating the existence of a Macedonian ethnic community, factors that engendered the current controversy, & the emergence of a novel Macedonian ethnos during WWI. Strategies enacted by the contemporary territory to appropriate Macedonia as its name & the current Greek government's reaction to such appropriation & recommendation that a Slavo-Bulgarian term be selected are reviewed. It is concluded that the transformation of the former Yugoslav Republic to the Republic of Macedonia is based on historical fabrications; ethnic communities are the product of long historical processes & do not always fit contemporary territorial borders. 68 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Journal of Developing Societies AU - Pigadas, George AD - Instit Hellenic Affairs Hellenic Canadian Congress, Ontario Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 249 EP - 265 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0169-796X, 0169-796X KW - Macedonia KW - Postcommunist Societies KW - Ethnonationalism KW - Yugoslavia KW - State Formation KW - article KW - 0285: sociology: history and theory; comparative & historical sociology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61578414?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Developing+Societies&rft.atitle=The+Macedonian+Question%3A+An+Historical+and+Sociological+Perspective&rft.au=Pigadas%2C+George&rft.aulast=Pigadas&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Developing+Societies&rft.issn=0169796X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - JDSOEK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ethnonationalism; Yugoslavia; Postcommunist Societies; State Formation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preface AN - 21309235; 11703710 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Quastel, Michael R AU - Goldsmith, John R Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1383 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21309235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Preface&rft.au=Quastel%2C+Michael+R%3BGoldsmith%2C+John+R&rft.aulast=Quastel&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Iodine deficiency in Belarusian children as a possible factor stimulating the irradiation of the thyroid gland during the Chernobyl catastrophe. AN - 21273556; 11702130 AB - Ten years after the Chernobyl nuclear plant catastrophe more than 500 children in Belarus are suffering from thyroid cancer. The major cause of the high incidence of thyroid cancer in children under 15 years of age appears to be contamination resulting from that catastrophe, mainly with isotopes of radioactive iodine. Another important factor may be iodine deficiency in the environment. A countrywide program for investigation of goiter prevalence and iodine deficiency has been established in the Republic of Belarus with the assistance of the European World Health Organization office. The program will oversee the examination of 11,000 children and adolescents 6 to 18 years of age from 30 schools in urban and rural areas. The results obtained in a group of 824 children and adolescents (the pilot phase) are typical for significant iodine deficiency and moderate goiter endemism. It is clear that the present situation does not completely reflect the situation that existed at the time of the Chernobyl catastrophe. However, data from epidemiologic studies conducted many years before the accident showed high goiter prevalence in the contaminated areas, indicating that the prevalence of iodine deficiency at the time of the catastrophe was similar to the present one or even greater. Such an assumption could lead to a better understanding of the thyroid pathologies that have been observed. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Gembicki, M AU - Stozharov, A N AU - Arinchin, A N AU - Moschik, K V AU - Petrenko, S AU - Khmara, I M AU - Baverstock, K F AD - University School of Medical Sciences, PoznaA, Poland. Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1487 EP - 1490 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Belarus KW - Ukraine, Chernobyl KW - Isotopes KW - Age KW - Pathology KW - Thyroid KW - Children KW - Cancer KW - endemism KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Accidents KW - schools KW - Irradiation KW - Iodine KW - Adolescents KW - Rural areas KW - Urban areas KW - H 8000:Radiation Safety/Electrical Safety KW - P 8000:RADIATION KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21273556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Iodine+deficiency+in+Belarusian+children+as+a+possible+factor+stimulating+the+irradiation+of+the+thyroid+gland+during+the+Chernobyl+catastrophe.&rft.au=Gembicki%2C+M%3BStozharov%2C+A+N%3BArinchin%2C+A+N%3BMoschik%2C+K+V%3BPetrenko%2C+S%3BKhmara%2C+I+M%3BBaverstock%2C+K+F&rft.aulast=Gembicki&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1487&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Age; Isotopes; Pathology; Thyroid; Children; Cancer; endemism; Nuclear power plants; Accidents; schools; Irradiation; Iodine; Adolescents; Urban areas; Rural areas; Belarus; Ukraine, Chernobyl ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chromosome translocations: a biomarker for retrospective biodosimetry. AN - 21272792; 11702124 AB - We discuss here the results from our studies demonstrating that simple translocations detected by chromosome painting can be used to reconstruct radiation doses for workers exposed within the dose limits and for individuals with past exposure. To be useful, a biomarker for exposure and risk assessment should employ an end point that is highly quantitative, stable over time, and relevant to human risk. Recent advances in chromosome staining using fluorescence in situ hybridization facilitate fast and reliable measurement of simple translocations, a type of DNA damage linked both to prior clastogenic exposure and to risk. In contrast to other biomarkers available, the frequency of simple translocations in individuals exposed to whole-body radiation is stable over time postexposure, has little interindividual variability, and can be measured accurately at low frequencies. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lucas, J N AD - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, Livermore 94551, USA, lucas1@llnl.gov Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1433 EP - 1436 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Bioindicators KW - Risk assessment KW - Fluorescence KW - biomarkers KW - DNA damage KW - Chromosomes KW - Chromosome translocations KW - Radiation KW - DNA KW - translocation KW - Occupational exposure KW - Fluorescence in situ hybridization KW - G 07710:Chemical Mutagenesis & Radiation KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21272792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Chromosome+translocations%3A+a+biomarker+for+retrospective+biodosimetry.&rft.au=Lucas%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Lucas&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1433&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; DNA damage; Radiation; Chromosome translocations; biomarkers; Occupational exposure; Fluorescence in situ hybridization; Bioindicators; Chromosomes; Fluorescence; DNA; translocation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiofrequency field exposure and cancer: what do the laboratory studies suggest? AN - 21270367; 11704957 AB - Significant concern has been raised about possible health effects from exposure to radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields, especially after the rapid introduction of mobile telecommunications systems. Parents are especially concerned with the possibility that children might develop cancer after exposure to the RF emissions from mobile telephone base stations erected in or near schools. These questions have followed scientific reports suggesting that residence near high voltage power lines may to be associated with an increased childhood leukemia risk. Epidemiologic studies have been plagued by poor RF exposure assessment and differences in methodology. There are no high-quality epidemiologic studies that can be used to evaluate health risks from RF exposure. Laboratory studies in this area have been somewhat confusing. Some animal studies suggest that RF fields accelerate the development of sarcoma colonies in the lung, mammary tumors, skin tumors, hepatomas, and sarcomas. A substantial RF-induced increase in lymphoma incidence in transgenic mice exposed for up to 18 months has also been reported. In contrast, other studies have not found carcinogenic effects. These conflicting results indicate the need for more well-conducted studies on laboratory animals, supplemented with high-quality in vitro studies to identify effects that need further research in vivo, and to characterize any acting mechanisms, especially at low RF field levels. This paper provides a review of the laboratory studies and indicates what conclusions about RF-induced cancer can be drawn. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Repacholi, M H AD - Office of Global and Integrated Environmental Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, repacholim@who.ch Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1565 EP - 1568 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Skin KW - Laboratory testing KW - Mice KW - tumors KW - Children KW - Electromagnetic fields KW - Cancer KW - Leukemia KW - telecommunications KW - schools KW - Lung KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Reviews KW - Emissions KW - lymphoma KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21270367?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Radiofrequency+field+exposure+and+cancer%3A+what+do+the+laboratory+studies+suggest%3F&rft.au=Repacholi%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Repacholi&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Skin; Laboratory testing; tumors; Mice; Children; Cancer; Electromagnetic fields; Leukemia; telecommunications; schools; Carcinogenicity; Lung; Reviews; Emissions; lymphoma ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Is FISH painting an appropriate biological marker for dose estimates of suspected accidental radiation overexposure? A review of cases investigated in France from 1995 to 1996. AN - 21262339; 11702132 AB - From 1995 to 1996 about 15 people suspected of being overexposed to ionizing radiation were referred to the Institute for Nuclear Safety and Protection in Fontenay-aux-Roses, France, for investigation by chromosome aberration analysis. Biological estimates of accidental overexposure were first obtained by scoring radio-induced unstable structural chromosome aberrations (dicentrics, centric rings, and fragments) in peripheral blood lymphocytes. For dose estimates, the yield of these chromosomal aberrations observed in 500 metaphases was compared with the laboratory dose-response relationship established from human blood irradiated in vitro (gamma-rays, 60Co, 0.5 Gy/min). To extend the possibilities of detecting DNA damage from earlier exposures by visualizing stable chromosome aberrations, chromosome painting by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH painting) was developed using a cocktail of three composite whole human chromosome-specific DNA probes (numbers 2, 4, and 12). A laboratory calibration curve for scoring terminal and/or reciprocal translocations was established for the same radiation quality and dose rate as those used for conventional cytogenetics (gamma-rays, 60Co, 0.5 Gy/min). For dosimetry purposes, it was also important to verify whether FISH painting could be applied to each human blood sample assessed for conventional expertise. For each individual, 2000 metaphases were scored for the presence or absence of reciprocal and terminal translocations. We present here a comparison between the results obtained by the two technologies for each of the cases studied separately. We describe their similarities or differences and discuss the suitability of using FISH painting for routine expertise analysis. Images Figure 2. A Figure 2. B Figure 2. C JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Sorokine-Durm, I AU - Durand, V AU - Le Roy, A AU - Paillole, N AU - Roy, L AU - Voisin, P AD - Institut de Protection et de Surete Nucleaire, Departement de Protection de la Sante de L'Homme et de Dosimetrie, IPSN, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France., irene.sorokine@ipsn.fr Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1427 EP - 1432 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Fluorescence KW - composite materials KW - Dosimetry KW - Lymphocytes KW - France KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Dose-response effects KW - Reviews KW - Ionizing radiation KW - DNA KW - Fish KW - translocation KW - Chromosome aberrations KW - Technology KW - ENA 14:Radiological Contamination KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21262339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Is+FISH+painting+an+appropriate+biological+marker+for+dose+estimates+of+suspected+accidental+radiation+overexposure%3F+A+review+of+cases+investigated+in+France+from+1995+to+1996.&rft.au=Sorokine-Durm%2C+I%3BDurand%2C+V%3BLe+Roy%2C+A%3BPaillole%2C+N%3BRoy%2C+L%3BVoisin%2C+P&rft.aulast=Sorokine-Durm&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - composite materials; Fluorescence; Dosimetry; Lymphocytes; Nuclear power plants; Ionizing radiation; Reviews; Dose-response effects; DNA; Fish; translocation; Chromosome aberrations; Technology; France ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Collective radiation biodosimetry for dose reconstruction of acute accidental exposures: a review. AN - 21262312; 11702121 AB - Quantification of the biologically relevant dose is required to establish cause and effect between radiation detriment or burden and important biological outcomes. Most epidemiologic studies of unanticipated radiation exposure fail to establish cause and effect because researchers have not been able to construct a valid quantification of dose for the exposed population. However, no one biodosimetric technique (biophysical or biological) meets all the requirements of an ideal dosimeter. This paper reviews how the collection of biodosimetric data for victims of radiation accidents can be used to create a dosimetric "gold standard." Particular emphasis is placed on the use of electron spin resonance, a standard for radiation accident dosimetry. As an example of this technique, a review will be presented of a previously reported study of an individual exposed to a 60Co sterilization source. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Pass, B AD - Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, Barry.Pass@dal.ca Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1397 EP - 1402 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Accidents KW - Reviews KW - Dosimetry KW - Sterilization KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21262312?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Collective+radiation+biodosimetry+for+dose+reconstruction+of+acute+accidental+exposures%3A+a+review.&rft.au=Pass%2C+B&rft.aulast=Pass&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Accidents; Reviews; Dosimetry; Sterilization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Two-year follow up study of stress-related disorders among immigrants to Israel from the Chernobyl area. AN - 21261118; 11702131 AB - We report on findings from a 2-year follow-up study of immigrants originating from exposed areas around the site of the 1986 Chernobyl accident matched with comparison subjects emigrating from other republics in the Confederation of Independent States. In the initial study of 708 immigrants, the samples were matched by age, gender, and year of immigration. We assessed two exposure groups--high and low--by estimating levels of ground cesium contamination from the International Atomic Energy Agency maps. We reinterviewed 520 immigrants from the first wave of data collection (a reinterview rate of 73%), 87 from high-exposure areas, 217 from low-exposure areas, and 216 comparison subjects. This study examined the prevalence of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD), depression, somatization, anxiety, and physical effects (high blood pressure, acute symptoms, and chronic illness). The results obtained in the first wave conducted 8 years after the accident showed that psychological symptoms were significantly higher in exposed respondents than in the comparison group. During the second wave (10 years after the accident) we observed a decline in the prevalence of PTSD and related distress except for somatization, which remained at the same level. An association between exposure and high blood pressure was observed in the first wave of data, but was not still significant in the second wave of data collection. The proportion of those who reported three or more chronic health problems was 48.3% among the high-exposure group, 49.3% in the low-exposure group, and 30.6% in the comparison group (p = 0.0003). The most commonly reported problems were heart disease. problems with vision or hearing, migraine headaches, problems with the lymphatic system, and arthritis. Based on the results, it was concluded that the Chernobyl accident was a powerful stressor, having a strong impact on both mental and physical health. Since all respondents were engaged in the process of acculturation and accommodation to a new country after emigration, it is encouraging that this study shows that levels of psychological distress are waning as the new immigrants are absorbed into Israeli society. However, there still remains some independent effect on health associated with the experience of the Chernobyl accident. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Cwikel, J AU - Abdelgani, A AU - Goldsmith, J R AU - Quastel, M AU - Yevelson, I I AD - Spitzer Department of Social Work, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel., jcwikel@bgumail.bgu.ac.il Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1545 EP - 1550 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Ukraine, Chernobyl KW - Age KW - Emigration KW - Cesium KW - Anxiety KW - Contamination KW - Psychology KW - Israel KW - Maps KW - heart diseases KW - health problems KW - Accidents KW - Vision KW - Arthritis KW - Headache KW - Waves KW - Lymphatic system KW - Heart diseases KW - Data collection KW - Data processing KW - Immigration KW - Depression KW - posttraumatic stress disorder KW - immigrants KW - Immigrants KW - Data collections KW - emigration KW - depression KW - Post-traumatic stress disorder KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Radioactive fallout KW - Energy KW - Migraine KW - Gender KW - hypertension KW - Hearing KW - Hypertension KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - H 8000:Radiation Safety/Electrical Safety KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21261118?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Two-year+follow+up+study+of+stress-related+disorders+among+immigrants+to+Israel+from+the+Chernobyl+area.&rft.au=Cwikel%2C+J%3BAbdelgani%2C+A%3BGoldsmith%2C+J+R%3BQuastel%2C+M%3BYevelson%2C+I+I&rft.aulast=Cwikel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1545&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Emigration; Depression; Immigration; Data processing; Cesium; Contamination; Anxiety; Immigrants; Data collections; Maps; Post-traumatic stress disorder; Accidents; Vision; Migraine; Energy; Arthritis; Headache; Waves; Hearing; Lymphatic system; Hypertension; Heart diseases; Age; Data collection; posttraumatic stress disorder; immigrants; Psychology; depression; emigration; heart diseases; health problems; Nuclear power plants; Radioactive fallout; hypertension; Gender; Ukraine, Chernobyl; Israel ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A scientific panel for determining health effects among radiation workers at Israel's nuclear research facilities. AN - 21260630; 11703707 AB - The problem of compensation to employees of nuclear research facilities presents difficult issues to the practicing attorney. The major stumbling block to presenting a well-documented case in court is the worker's inability to discuss the full range of duties at his or her work station over the course of employment. In addition the worker is barred from discussing the types and concentrations of chemicals and radioactive substances to which he or she is exposed, thereby limiting the ability of a competent physician to prepare an opinion on the causation between effects of exposure and disease. This paper presents the dilemma faced by the authors, who represented over 40 workers with cancer at the nuclear research facility in Dimona, Israel. It shows how the authors extricated themselves from this difficult dilemma by creating a panel of scientific experts under the court's auspices and with the court's blessings, which obviated the need for heavy procedural rules of court that apply in torts litigation in Israel. The scheme as developed and approved by the court can serve as a model to other countries where security matters are as important as matters of environmental health. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Laster, R AU - Somech, C AD - Laster and Gouldman, Jerusalem, Israel., laster@netvision.net.il Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1595 EP - 1597 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - employment KW - Radiation KW - courts KW - Environmental health KW - Israel KW - security KW - Litigation KW - Occupational exposure KW - Cancer KW - H 8000:Radiation Safety/Electrical Safety KW - P 8000:RADIATION KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21260630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=A+scientific+panel+for+determining+health+effects+among+radiation+workers+at+Israel%27s+nuclear+research+facilities.&rft.au=Laster%2C+R%3BSomech%2C+C&rft.aulast=Laster&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1595&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chemicals; employment; Radiation; courts; Environmental health; security; Litigation; Cancer; Occupational exposure; Israel ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiation-induced double-strand modification in calf thymus DNA in the presence of 1,2-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone and its Cu(II) complex. AN - 21259486; 11703709 AB - When cells or DNA is exposed to ionizing radiation, the radicals produced in the irradiated sample will modify the base-pair region of the double strands. Effects of 1,2-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone (DHA) and its Cu(II) complex on the radiation-induced modification of double-strands in calf thymus DNA were studied using ethidium bromide as a fluorescent probe. Our results show that the Cu(II)-DHA complex is more efficient in modifying the base-pair region in double-stranded DNA compared to free DHA. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Das, S AU - Saha, A AU - Mandal, P C AD - Nuclear Chemistry Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Calcutta, India. Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1459 EP - 1462 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Environment Abstracts KW - Calf thymus KW - Ionizing radiation KW - DNA KW - Ethidium bromide KW - Fluorescent indicators KW - Radicals KW - N 14845:Miscellaneous KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21259486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Radiation-induced+double-strand+modification+in+calf+thymus+DNA+in+the+presence+of+1%2C2-dihydroxy-9%2C10-anthraquinone+and+its+Cu%28II%29+complex.&rft.au=Das%2C+S%3BSaha%2C+A%3BMandal%2C+P+C&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1459&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Calf thymus; Ionizing radiation; Ethidium bromide; DNA; Fluorescent indicators; Radicals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk factors for long-term mental and psychosomatic distress in Latvian Chernobyl liquidators. AN - 21259248; 11703708 AB - Epidemiologic studies on the health effects of the Chernobyl disaster have focused largely on physical health, whereas the psychological consequences have received little attention. The authors have assessed the associations of various exposure variables with mental and psychosomatic distress in a sample of 1412 Latvian liquidators drawn from the State Latvian Chernobyl Clean-up Workers Registry. The outcome was a mixed mental-psychosomatic disorder occurring during 1986 to 1995. Comparisons among subgroups of the cohort classified according to exposure type or level were based on the proportional hazards model. Length of work (> or = 28 days) in a 10-km radius from the reactor (relative risk [RR] = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14-1.70), work (> 1 time) on the damaged reactor roof (RR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.02-2.09), forest work (RR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.19-1.68), fresh fruit consumption (> or = 1 time/day) (RR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.12-2.65) are risk factors for mixed mental-psychosomatic disorder. Construction of the sarcophagus (RR = 1.82, 95% CI 0.89-3.72) is also associated with this outcome, although nonsignificantly. Distinguishing stress-related from radiation-induced effects in this data set was difficult and these findings should provide a basis for later hypothesis testing in other cohorts. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Viel, J F AU - Curbakova, E AU - Dzerve, B AU - Eglite, M AU - Zvagule, T AU - Vincent, C AD - Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Besancon, France, jean-francois.viel@ufc-chu.univ-fcompte.fr Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1539 EP - 1544 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Ukraine, Chernobyl KW - Psychology KW - fruits KW - Disasters KW - Forests KW - Occupational exposure KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21259248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Risk+factors+for+long-term+mental+and+psychosomatic+distress+in+Latvian+Chernobyl+liquidators.&rft.au=Viel%2C+J+F%3BCurbakova%2C+E%3BDzerve%2C+B%3BEglite%2C+M%3BZvagule%2C+T%3BVincent%2C+C&rft.aulast=Viel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1539&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Psychology; fruits; Disasters; Forests; Occupational exposure; Ukraine, Chernobyl ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distinct sensitivity of normal and malignant cells to ultrasound in vitro. AN - 21257951; 11703711 AB - The effect of ultrasonic irradiation on the viability of human normal (foreskin fibroblast and amniotic fluid epithelial) and tumor (breast carcinoma, melanoma, and lung carcinoma) cells lines was studied. Cells were subjected to ultrasonic irradiation with a frequency of 20 kHz and an intensity of 0.33 W/cm2 for variable periods of time. Several parameters were tested to determine the effects of ultrasonic irradiation on cell viability and cellular function. Normal cells were relatively resistant to ultrasonic irradiation, whereas malignant cells were much more sensitive. Maximum damage occurred 4 min after exposure of the malignant cells to irradiation. Cellular DNA and protein synthesis were significantly affected as a function of time of irradiation and cloning efficiency of malignant cells exposed to irradiation was greatly reduced. To generalize the consistency of the ultrasonic effect, studies on additional normal and malignant human cells of distinct origin are under way to test their sensitivity to ultrasonic irradiation. Thus, the applicability of ultrasonic irradiation as an antitumor agent may be important in the development of a new methodology in the treatment of cancer. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lejbkowicz, F AU - Salzberg, S AD - Institute of Clinical Immunology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel, f_lejbkowicz@rambam.health.gov.il Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1575 EP - 1578 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Amniotic fluid KW - Sensitivity KW - DNA biosynthesis KW - Protein biosynthesis KW - Lung carcinoma KW - Cloning KW - tumors KW - melanoma KW - Tumors KW - Antitumor agents KW - Cancer KW - Melanoma KW - Fibroblasts KW - protein synthesis KW - Efficiency KW - Tumor cell lines KW - Radiation KW - Ultrasonics KW - Irradiation KW - DNA KW - Breast carcinoma KW - Ultrasound KW - W 30915:Pharmaceuticals & Vaccines KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21257951?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Distinct+sensitivity+of+normal+and+malignant+cells+to+ultrasound+in+vitro.&rft.au=Lejbkowicz%2C+F%3BSalzberg%2C+S&rft.aulast=Lejbkowicz&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1575&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Amniotic fluid; DNA biosynthesis; Protein biosynthesis; Lung carcinoma; Tumors; Antitumor agents; Fibroblasts; Melanoma; Tumor cell lines; Radiation; Ultrasonics; DNA; Breast carcinoma; Ultrasound; protein synthesis; Sensitivity; Efficiency; Irradiation; Cloning; tumors; melanoma; Cancer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence of childhood disease in Belarus associated with the Chernobyl accident. AN - 21257824; 11704955 AB - Study of the childhood incidence of cancer and other diseases in Belarus is of great importance because of the present unfavorable environmental situation. About 20% of the children in the republic were exposed in various degrees to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl accident. Since 1987 increases in the incidence of most classes of disease have been reported, including the development of thyroid cancer. From 1987 to 1995, thyroid cancer was diagnosed in 424 children; its incidence having increased from 0.2 to 4.0/10(5) in 1995. According to preliminary data for 1996, 81 childhood cancer cases were reported. During 1995 there also were increases in the incidence of endocrine and dermatologic diseases and mental disorders. During the period 1987 to 1995 significant increases in the incidences of all illnesses were observed for children listed in the Chernobyl registry. The highest incidence rates were found in evacuated children and those residing in contaminated areas. There also were increased incidences of thyroid and digestive organ diseases among these children and in addition, high prevalence of chronic tonsillitis and adenoiditis was observed. Since 1990 an increase of autoimmune thyroiditis has been observed. The highest rates of hematopoietic tissue diseases were found in children born after the accident to irradiated parents. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lomat, L AU - Galburt, G AU - Quastel, M R AU - Polyakov, S AU - Okeanov, A AU - Rozin, S AD - Belarus Center for Medical Technologies, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, belcmt@belcmt.belpak.minsk.by Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1529 EP - 1532 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Environment Abstracts KW - Belarus KW - Ukraine, Chernobyl KW - Data processing KW - Thyroid KW - Children KW - Organs KW - Thyroiditis KW - Cancer KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Accidents KW - Mental disorders KW - Radioactive fallout KW - thyroid cancer KW - Hemopoiesis KW - Tonsillitis KW - mental disorders KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21257824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Incidence+of+childhood+disease+in+Belarus+associated+with+the+Chernobyl+accident.&rft.au=Lomat%2C+L%3BGalburt%2C+G%3BQuastel%2C+M+R%3BPolyakov%2C+S%3BOkeanov%2C+A%3BRozin%2C+S&rft.aulast=Lomat&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1529&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mental disorders; Accidents; Data processing; thyroid cancer; Tonsillitis; Hemopoiesis; Children; Thyroiditis; Nuclear power plants; Radioactive fallout; Thyroid; Organs; mental disorders; Cancer; Belarus; Ukraine, Chernobyl ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modulation with cytokines of radiation injury: suggested mechanisms of action. AN - 21256879; 11703714 AB - Cytokines, hormonelike proteins, produced by stimulated cells and tissues, were found to protect mice against lethal hematopoietic failure caused by ionizing radiation. Radioprotection was achieved by pretreatment with interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-12, or stem cell factor (SCF) at 18 to 24 hr before irradiation. Pretreatment with antibodies to these cytokines rendered the mice more susceptible to radiation lethality, indicating that these cytokines play a role in innate resistance to radiation. In contrast, treatment with tumor growth factor beta (TGF-beta), a cytokine that inhibits cycling of primitive hematopoietic progenitors, sensitized mice to radiation lethality. The schedule of IL-1 administration was critical to its radioprotective effect. Evidence was obtained that this may be based on the induction of additional cytokines by IL-1. The radioprotective effects of cytokines can be based on induction of cycling of primitive progenitor cells (IL-1, SCF), prevention of apoptosis (SCF), and induction of scavenging proteins and enzymes (IL-1, TNF) that reduce oxidative damage. In contrast, radiosensitizing effects may be due to inhibition of progenitor cycling (TGF-beta) or enhanced progenitor cell apoptosis (TGF-beta). Thus, the insights gained from such studies at the whole-animal level promise a better understanding of the membrane and intracellular events associated with radiation damage and repair of such damage. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Neta, R AD - Office of International Health Programs, U.S. Department of Energy, Germantown, MD 20874, USA, ruth.neta@eh.doe.gov Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1463 EP - 1465 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Membranes KW - stem cells KW - Ionizing radiation KW - prevention KW - Proteins KW - Enzymes KW - Mice KW - tumors KW - growth factors KW - ENA 14:Radiological Contamination UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21256879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Modulation+with+cytokines+of+radiation+injury%3A+suggested+mechanisms+of+action.&rft.au=Neta%2C+R&rft.aulast=Neta&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1463&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Membranes; stem cells; Ionizing radiation; prevention; Enzymes; Proteins; tumors; Mice; growth factors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular changes in the offspring of liquidators who emigrated to Israel from the Chernobyl disaster area. AN - 21255793; 11704951 AB - The primary goal of this research was to reveal de novo mutations in the liquidators (cleanup personnel) who emigrated to Israel from the Chernobyl disaster area. We used genome fingerprinting simple sequence repeat-anchored polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and random amplified polymorphic DNA PCR (RAPD PCR). The methodology involved a combination of RAPD PCR, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and silver staining, with arbitrarily primed PCR. Use of microsatellite markers appears to be the most promising technique for high sensitivity analysis. The analysis involved DNA isolated from the blood of experimental and control subjects (involving both offspring who were born before or after the disaster and their parents). Our studies have reproducibly detected new bands that appeared in the children born after the disaster. No such bands appeared in the children born in the same family before the accident or in the children of control families who had not been exposed to radiation. Images Figure 1. Figure 2. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Weinberg, H S AU - Nevo, E AU - Korol, A AU - Fahima, T AU - Rennert, G AU - Shapiro, S AD - Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Israel, rabi101@haifa.uvm.ac.il Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1479 EP - 1481 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Ukraine, Chernobyl KW - Accidents KW - Electrophoresis KW - sensitivity analysis KW - Disasters KW - DNA KW - Israel KW - Children KW - Silver KW - Mutation KW - offspring KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21255793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Molecular+changes+in+the+offspring+of+liquidators+who+emigrated+to+Israel+from+the+Chernobyl+disaster+area.&rft.au=Weinberg%2C+H+S%3BNevo%2C+E%3BKorol%2C+A%3BFahima%2C+T%3BRennert%2C+G%3BShapiro%2C+S&rft.aulast=Weinberg&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1479&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Accidents; Electrophoresis; sensitivity analysis; DNA; Disasters; Children; Mutation; Silver; offspring; Ukraine, Chernobyl; Israel ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radon exposures in a Jerusalem public school. AN - 21253897; 11702135 AB - In December 1995, ambient radon levels exceeding 10,000 Bq/m3 were measured in a basement shelter workroom of a multilevel East Talpiot, Jerusalem, public elementary school (six grades, 600 students). The measurements were taken after cancers (breast and multiple myeloma) were diagnosed in two workers who spent their workdays in basement rooms. The school was located on a hill that geologic maps show to be rich in phosphate deposits, which are a recognized source for radon gas and its daughter products. Levels exceeding 1000,000 Bq/m3 were measured at the mouth of a pipe in the basement shelter workroom, the major point of radon entry. The school was closed and charcoal and electret ion chamber detectors were used to carry out repeated 5-day measurements in all rooms in the multilevel building over a period of several months. Radon concentrations were generally higher in rooms in the four levels of the building that were below ground level. There were some ground-level rooms in the building in which levels reached up to 1300 Bq/m3. In rooms above ground level, however, peak levels did not exceed 300 Bq/m3. Exposure control based on sealing and positive pressure ventilation was inadequate. These findings suggested that radon diffused from highly contaminated basement and ground-floor rooms to other areas of the building and that sealing off the source may have led to reaccumulation of radon beneath the building. Later, subslab venting of below-ground radon pockets to the outside air was followed by more sustained reductions in indoor radon levels to levels below 75 Bq/m3. Even so, radon accumulated in certain rooms when the building was closed. This sentinel episode called attention to the need for a national radon policy requiring threshold exposure levels for response and control. A uniform nationwide standard for school buildings below 75 Bq/m3 level was suggested after considering prudent avoidance, the controversies over risk assessment of prolonged low-level exposures in children, and the fact that exposures in most locations in the Talpiot school could be reduced below this level. Proposal of this stringent standard stimulated the search for a strategy of risk control and management based on control at the source. This strategy was more effective and probably more cost effective than one based on suppression of exposure based on sealing and ventilation. Because many Israeli areas and much of the West Bank area of the Palestinian National Authority sit on the same phosphate deposits, regional joint projects for surveillance and control may be indicated. Images Figure 1. Figure 2. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Richter, E D AU - Neeman, E AU - Fischer, I AU - Berdugo, M AU - Westin, J B AU - Kleinstern, J AU - Margaliot, M AD - Unit of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel, elir@cc.huji.ac.il Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1411 EP - 1416 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Charcoal KW - hills KW - Pipes KW - Ventilation KW - multiple myeloma KW - Children KW - Buildings KW - Cancer KW - Radon KW - Israel, Jerusalem KW - Phosphates KW - schools KW - Radiation measurements KW - Geology KW - Israel, Palestine, West Bank KW - Indoor environments KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21253897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Radon+exposures+in+a+Jerusalem+public+school.&rft.au=Richter%2C+E+D%3BNeeman%2C+E%3BFischer%2C+I%3BBerdugo%2C+M%3BWestin%2C+J+B%3BKleinstern%2C+J%3BMargaliot%2C+M&rft.aulast=Richter&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1411&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Charcoal; Risk assessment; Pipes; hills; Ventilation; multiple myeloma; Children; Buildings; Radon; Cancer; Phosphates; schools; Radiation measurements; Geology; Indoor environments; Occupational exposure; Israel, Jerusalem; Israel, Palestine, West Bank ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bridging the gap in mental health approaches between east and west: the psychosocial consequences of radiation exposure. AN - 21252506; 11702123 AB - Mental health professionals in Western countries and the Confederation of Independent States ([CIS], the former Soviet Union) have been examining the social and psychological consequences of the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear accident on the people who lived or are living in the exposed areas. Based on reviews of the literature, papers from international conferences, and communication between researchers in various countries, different perspectives have emerged on classifying distress and disorders and designing treatment programs. The origins of these differences lie in philosophical, historical, and political developments in the West and the CIS. These different approaches often have made it difficult for mental health professionals from the CIS and the West to work together. The goal of this paper is 2-fold: to identify and recognize the main differences in these approaches and to propose specific solutions for bridging the gap. The basic approach of mental health professionals in the CIS is a physiological, nosological one--it focuses on the etiology of the illness. Although their main diagnostic tool is the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, it has undergone adaptations that reflect the Soviet medical and physiological attitude toward psychiatry. These changes have resulted in the abrogation and addition of disorder categories. For example, in the CIS edition of the ICD-9, there is no mention of post traumatic stress disorder as a distinct disorder. In contrast, in the West, the dominant approach is a symptomatic, phenomenologic one. Emphasis is placed on a dynamic understanding of the disorder and treatment is conducted by mental health professional (psychologists, social workers, psychiatrists). This contrasts with the approach used in the CIS, where psychological distress often is somaticized and treatment undertaken by physicians rather than mental health professionals. The authors of this paper call on researchers to come together and work jointly on the recognition and resolution of these differences. Then both groups will be able to offer concrete solutions and build tools that can benefit both sides. It is hoped that these new approaches will receive worldwide recognition and prove useful for other mental health professionals working with persons affected by the accident at Chernobyl. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Yevelson, I I AU - Abdelgani, A AU - Cwikel, J AU - Yevelson, I S AD - Spitzer Department of Social Work, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel. Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1551 EP - 1556 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Historical account KW - Ukraine, Chernobyl KW - Etiology KW - Conferences KW - Politics KW - Psychology KW - Physiology KW - Occupational safety KW - Stress KW - Concrete KW - attitudes KW - adaptability KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Accidents KW - Communications KW - Reviews KW - classification KW - mental disorders KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21252506?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Bridging+the+gap+in+mental+health+approaches+between+east+and+west%3A+the+psychosocial+consequences+of+radiation+exposure.&rft.au=Yevelson%2C+I+I%3BAbdelgani%2C+A%3BCwikel%2C+J%3BYevelson%2C+I+S&rft.aulast=Yevelson&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1551&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Historical account; Etiology; Conferences; Psychology; Politics; Occupational safety; Physiology; Stress; Concrete; attitudes; adaptability; Nuclear power plants; Accidents; Communications; Reviews; classification; mental disorders; Ukraine, Chernobyl ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of National Immunization Days on Polio-Related Knowledge and Practice of Urban Women in Bangladesh AN - 1761689758; 199802750 AB - The impact of the 1995 National Immunization Days program in Bangladesh on polio-related knowledge & practice of urban women was examined, drawing on pre- & postcampaign interviews of 201 slum & 324 nonslum Dhaka City ever-married women with at least one child under age 5 & surveys of 51 managers from agencies involved in the organization & implementation of the vaccine services. Analysis revealed that knowledge of polio as a vaccine-preventable disease increased during National Immunization Days among both slum & nonslum women, the increase was most pronounced among slum dwellers. Nonslum women identified TV as their primary source of immunization information, while slum women identified fieldworkers as their primary source. Overall, National Immunization Days resulted in 88% of children under age 5 receiving at least one dose of oral polio vaccine & 67% receiving the two stipulated doses. No significant differences in the % of slum & nonslum children receiving two doses were found. 8 Tables, 17 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Health Policy and Planning AU - Quaiyum, Md Abdul AU - Tunon, Cristobal AU - Baqui, Abdullah Hel AU - Quayyum, Zahidul AU - Khatun, Jahanara AD - Health & Population Extension Division International Centre Diarrhoeal Disease Research, B GPO Box 128 Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 363 EP - 371 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 0268-1080, 0268-1080 KW - Poliomyelitis KW - Information Dissemination KW - Health Behavior KW - Females KW - Health Education KW - Vaccination KW - Knowledge KW - Bangladesh KW - article KW - 6124: health care promotion/education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1761689758?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+Policy+and+Planning&rft.atitle=Impact+of+National+Immunization+Days+on+Polio-Related+Knowledge+and+Practice+of+Urban+Women+in+Bangladesh&rft.au=Quaiyum%2C+Md+Abdul%3BTunon%2C+Cristobal%3BBaqui%2C+Abdullah+Hel%3BQuayyum%2C+Zahidul%3BKhatun%2C+Jahanara&rft.aulast=Quaiyum&rft.aufirst=Md&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+Policy+and+Planning&rft.issn=02681080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2016-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Health Education; Bangladesh; Poliomyelitis; Health Behavior; Vaccination; Knowledge; Information Dissemination; Females ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Horizontal patchiness in sympagic organisms of the Antarctic fast ice AN - 16518174; 4321701 AB - Patchiness in the horizontal distribution of sympagic organisms was studied at an Antarctic coastal site during autumn. A hierarchical sampling design (nested ANOVA) was used to assess variation in the biota on scales from metres to kilometres. Metazoan abundance, chlorophyll concentration and salinity were measured in 54 sea ice cores. The metazoan fauna was dominated by nauplii of the copepod Paralabidocera antarctica (6 x 10 super(4) to 4 x 10 super(5) m super(-2)). Other copepods present included Stephos longipes, Oncaea curvata, Oithona similis, Ctenocalanus citer, and unidentified harpacticoid copepods. Chlorophyll a concentrations were generally much higher than values recorded at other sites at the same time of the year, reaching a maximum of 78 mg m super(-2). Metazoan abundances did not correlate strongly with chlorophyll or salinity. Significant variability in abundance of P. antarctica and O. similis, and chlorophyll concentration occurred at the scale of kilometres, whereas salinity and other metazoan abundances were not significantly variable at any of the scales examined. Considerable variation was evident at scales of less than one metre. JF - Antarctic Science AU - Swadling, K M AU - Gibson, JAE AU - Ritz, DA AU - Nichols, P D AD - Department of Zoology, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-05, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia, k.swadling@utas.edu.au Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 399 EP - 406 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 0954-1020, 0954-1020 KW - Antarctica KW - chlorophyll KW - sympagic organisms KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - D 04330:Marine KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16518174?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antarctic+Science&rft.atitle=Horizontal+patchiness+in+sympagic+organisms+of+the+Antarctic+fast+ice&rft.au=Swadling%2C+K+M%3BGibson%2C+JAE%3BRitz%2C+DA%3BNichols%2C+P+D&rft.aulast=Swadling&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antarctic+Science&rft.issn=09541020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Species composition, biomass and vertical distribution of micronekton over the mid-slope region off southern Tasmania, Australia AN - 16440345; 4339456 AB - Seasonal sampling was carried out based on day/night, vertically stratified tows (100 or 125 m strata) in the upper 900 m of the water column over the mid-slope commercial fishing grounds south of Tasmania. A large midwater trawl (105 m super(2) mouth area) was used with an opening/closing cod-end. Subtropical convergence and subtropical species dominated the fauna, but many less abundant, more widely-distributed species were also present. Fishes, which contributed 89% of micronekton biomass and 135 of 178 species, were dominated by the Myctophidae (48% biomass and 48 species). Twenty micronekton species made up 80% of the total biomass. Overall, the micronekton fish biomass in this region was 2.2 g m super(-2) wet weight. A pronounced day/night shift in the distribution of biomass was attributable to diel migratory species. During the day, <0.2% of the total micronekton biomass was found in 0 to 300 m; most biomass was below 400 m, with peaks at 400 to 525 m and 775 to 900 m. At night, 53% of the biomass was found in 0 to 300 m, with progressively less in each deeper stratum. The vertical ranges of individual species typically exceeded 400 to 500 m during the day and night and were non-coincident, although nyctoepipelagic migrators were concentrated in the surface 200 m at night. Distinct epipelagic, lower and upper mesopelagic assemblages were identified, and patterns of epipelagic migration, limited migration and non-migration were categorised for species from each of the lower and upper mesopelagic assemblages. The vertical distribution of these assemblages was coincident with the primary water masses: subantarctic mode water (\sim250 to 600 m) and antarctic intermediate water (below \sim700 m). The flux of migrating micronekton, estimated at 0.94 to 3.36 g C m super(-2) yr super(-1) to the lower mesopelagic and 1.14 to 4.06 g C m super(-2) yr super(-1) to the upper mesopelagic, appeared to be considerably outweighed by the consumption needs of aggregated mid-slope benthopelagic predators. We suggest that advection of mesopelagic prey in antarctic intermediate water may sustain aggregated populations of orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) and other predators on the micronekton in mid-slope depths at this site. JF - Marine Biology AU - Williams, A AU - Koslow, JA AD - CSIRO Div. Mar. Res., GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 259 EP - 276 VL - 130 IS - 2 SN - 0025-3162, 0025-3162 KW - Australia, Tasmania KW - biomass KW - species composition KW - vertical distribution KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04330:Marine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16440345?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Biology&rft.atitle=Species+composition%2C+biomass+and+vertical+distribution+of+micronekton+over+the+mid-slope+region+off+southern+Tasmania%2C+Australia&rft.au=Williams%2C+A%3BKoslow%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Biology&rft.issn=00253162&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sensitivity of the Antarctic sea ice distribution to its advection in a general circulation model AN - 16417748; 4321705 AB - A dynamic-thermodynamic sea ice model is used and coupled with an atmospheric general circulation model to simulate the seasonal cycle of the global sea ice distribution. We have run the coupled system and obtain a creditable seasonal simulation of the Antarctic sea ice. To understand the role of ice advection on the seasonal cycle of Antarctic sea ice in the coupled system, results from the thermodynamic-only (T) sea ice model have been compared with those from the dynamic thermodynamic (DT) sea ice model. The seasonal cycle of sea ice differs between the two models. When ice motion is eliminated sea ice becomes more compact and thinner, and sea ice is more extensive in summer. A number of previous studies have examined the effect of ice dynamics on sea ice simulations with prescribed atmospheric conditions. Here experiments have been performed with a fully coupled atmosphere sea ice system and also using prescribed daily atmospheric forcing and monthly mean atmospheric forcing, to examine the differences of the sensitivity of the ice advection between the coupled and forcing models. Similar differences have been observed between DT and T in the forcing models but the magnitude is smaller than in the fully coupled model, and with monthly mean atmospheric forcing the difference is least. These differences highlight the importance of the inclusion of ice advection when undertaking studies using a fully interactive atmosphere sea ice model, or using prescribed daily/monthly atmospheric conditions to force a sea ice model for the Antarctic. JF - Antarctic Science AU - Wu, Xingren AU - Budd, W F AU - Simmonds, I AD - Antarctic CRC and Australian Antarctic Division, GPO Box 252-80, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 445 EP - 455 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 0954-1020, 0954-1020 KW - Antarctic KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16417748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antarctic+Science&rft.atitle=Sensitivity+of+the+Antarctic+sea+ice+distribution+to+its+advection+in+a+general+circulation+model&rft.au=Wu%2C+Xingren%3BBudd%2C+W+F%3BSimmonds%2C+I&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Xingren&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=445&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antarctic+Science&rft.issn=09541020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating stand water use of large mountain ash trees and validation the sap flow measurement technique AN - 16334851; 4266468 AB - Mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans F.J. Muell.) forest catchments exhibit a strong relationship between stand age and runoff, attributed inter alia to differences in tree water use. However, the tree water use component of the mountain ash forest water balance is poorly quantified. We have used the sap flow technique to obtain estimates of daily water use in large mountain ash trees. First, the sap flow technique was validated by means of an in situ cut tree experiment. Close agreement was obtained between the sap flow estimate of water use and the actual uptake of water by the tree from a reservoir. Second, we compared the variability in sap velocity between a symmetric and an asymmetric tree by using multiple sap flow loggers. In the symmetric tree, velocity was fairly uniform throughout the xylem during the day, indicating that accurate sap flow estimates can be obtained with a minimal number of sampling points. However, large variations in sap velocity were observed in the asymmetric tree, indicating that much larger sampling sizes are required in asymmetric stems for an accurate determination of mean sap velocity. Finally, we compared two procedures for scaling individual tree sap flow estimates to the stand level based on stem diameter and leaf area index measurements. The first procedure was based on a regression between stem diameter and tree water use, developed on a small sample of trees and applied to a stand-level census of stem diameter values. Inputs to the second procedure were tree water use and leaf area of a single tree and the leaf area index of the stand. The two procedures yielded similar results; however, the first procedure was more robust but it required more sampling effort than the second procedure. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Vertessy, R A AU - Hatton, T J AU - Reece, P AU - O'Sullivan, S K AU - Benyon, R G AD - CSIRO Land and Water, GPO Box 1666, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 747 EP - 756 VL - 17 IS - 12 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - data acquisition KW - mountain ash trees KW - sap flow KW - water relations KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16334851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Estimating+stand+water+use+of+large+mountain+ash+trees+and+validation+the+sap+flow+measurement+technique&rft.au=Vertessy%2C+R+A%3BHatton%2C+T+J%3BReece%2C+P%3BO%27Sullivan%2C+S+K%3BBenyon%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Vertessy&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=747&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Movements and habitat use of the queen scallop, Equichlamys bifrons, in the D'Entrecasteaux Channel and Huon River estuary, Tasmania AN - 16286252; 4291652 AB - Movements and habitat use of the queen scallop, Equichlamys bifrons, were investigated in the D'Entrecasteaux Channel and Huon River estuary, Tasmania. Movements in E. bifrons were very local. In areas of strong current flow, movement occurred predominantly along the axis of the water current. There was evidence for an up-slope movement in areas of weak current flow. In sheltered bays, E. bifrons occurs more frequently in seagrass beds than on adjacent sand areas. Possible reasons for this distribution were investigated with both tethered and tagged scallops. Predation by the 11-armed spiny starfish, Coscinasterias muricata, and the octopus, Octopus maorum, on scallops was much higher on sand than in seagrass. Tagged scallops moved from sand areas to seagrass areas, but not from seagrass to sand. JF - Journal of Shellfish Research AU - Wolf, B M AU - White, RWG AD - Fish Res. Group, Dep. Zool., Univ. Tasmania, GPO Box 252C, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 533 EP - 539 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0730-8000, 0730-8000 KW - Australia, Tasmania KW - habitat selection KW - movements KW - predation KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - PSE, Australia, Tasmania, D'Entrecasteaux Channel KW - Equichlamys bifrons KW - Predation KW - Habitat selection KW - Local movements KW - Marine molluscs KW - Coscinasterias muricata KW - Octopus maorum KW - PSE, Australia, Tasmania, Huon Estuary KW - D 04658:Molluscs KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - Y 25652:Invertebrates (excluding insects) KW - O 1030:Invertebrates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16286252?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.atitle=Movements+and+habitat+use+of+the+queen+scallop%2C+Equichlamys+bifrons%2C+in+the+D%27Entrecasteaux+Channel+and+Huon+River+estuary%2C+Tasmania&rft.au=Wolf%2C+B+M%3BWhite%2C+RWG&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=533&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.issn=07308000&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Local movements; Predation; Marine molluscs; Habitat selection; Equichlamys bifrons; Coscinasterias muricata; Octopus maorum; PSE, Australia, Tasmania, D'Entrecasteaux Channel; PSE, Australia, Tasmania, Huon Estuary; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multivariate statistical analysis of environmental monitoring data AN - 16237346; 4223723 AB - EPA requires statistical procedures to determine whether soil or ground water adjacent to or below waste units is contaminated. These statistical procedures are often based on comparisons between two sets of data: one representing background conditions, and one representing site conditions. Since statistical requirements were originally promulgated in the 1980s, EPA has made several improvements and modifications. There are, however, problems which remain. One problem is that the regulations do not require a minimum probability that contaminated sites will be correctly identified. Another problem is that the effect of testing several correlated constituents on the probable outcome of the statistical tests has not been quantified. Results from computer simulations to determine power functions for realistic monitoring situations are presented here. Power functions for two different statistical procedures: the Student's t-test, and the multivariate Hotelling's T super(2) test, are compared. The comparisons indicate that the multivariate test is often more powerful when the tests are applied with significance levels to control the probability of falsely identifying clean sites as contaminated. This program could also be used to verify that statistical procedures achieve some minimum power standard at a regulated waste unit. JF - Ground Water AU - Ross, D L AD - Glenrose Eng., 1711 S. Congress Ave., Suite 201, Austin, TX 78704, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1050 EP - 1057 VL - 35 IS - 6 SN - 0017-467X, 0017-467X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16237346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ground+Water&rft.atitle=Multivariate+statistical+analysis+of+environmental+monitoring+data&rft.au=Ross%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1050&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ground+Water&rft.issn=0017467X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Contact: Ground Water Publishing Co., 6375 Riverside Dr., Dublin, OH 43017 (USA). PH: (800) 332-2104. FAX: (614) 761-3446. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host-pathogen dynamics in a metapopulation context: The ecological and evolutionary consequences of being spatial AN - 16213239; 4279950 AB - The metapopulation concept is useful when considering ecological and evolutionary dynamics of spatially structured populations. However, debate has focused on genetic variation that is neutral rather than under selection. This distinction is particularly important in antagonistic or co-evolutionary interactions such as host-pathogen or predator-prey systems. Plant host-pathogen systems provide some of the best examples of studies in which numerical and genetic dynamics have been investigated in a spatially explicit context, and where genes under selection can be unambiguously identified. Empirical studies of natural host-pathogen interactions have shown that, while in some cases pathogens appear to be locally adapted to their hosts, in others there is no local correspondence between resistance and virulence genes. Recent theory suggests that the dynamics (epidemic vs. endemic) and migration rates of host and pathogen will be important factors in the maintenance of genetic polymorphisms in resistance and virulence. We argue that the relative spatial scales at which hosts and pathogens interact are crucial to understanding the evolution of resistance/virulence structure. Pathogens that disperse further than their hosts will be more likely to show gene-for-gene interactions than pathogens dispersing over spatial scales similar to or smaller than their hosts. We predict that life-history features that influence encounter rates between specific host and pathogen genotypes will be important factors in determining the evolution of resistance-virulence structures. In particular, we would expect correlative and/or causal relationships between pathogen life-history features [e.g. local vs. systemic infection, type (fecundity vs. mortality) and severity of effects], and whether dynamics are endemic or epidemic. Plant host-pathogen systems provide ideal models for investigating the evolution of non-neutral genetic variation in spatial systems. Understanding the co-evolution of such systems will require research programmes that integrate long-term descriptive and experimental studies of multiple populations, with analytical and computer simulation modelling and comparative/phylogenetic studies. JF - Journal of Ecology AU - Thrall, PH AU - Burdon, J J AD - Cent. for Plant Biodiversity Res., CSIRO Plant Ind., GPO Box 1600, Canberra City, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 743 EP - 753 VL - 85 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0477, 0022-0477 KW - dispersal KW - evolution KW - genetic variance KW - host-pathogen interactions KW - plants KW - population structure KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04615:Ecology studies - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16213239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ecology&rft.atitle=Host-pathogen+dynamics+in+a+metapopulation+context%3A+The+ecological+and+evolutionary+consequences+of+being+spatial&rft.au=Thrall%2C+PH%3BBurdon%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Thrall&rft.aufirst=PH&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=743&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Ecology&rft.issn=00220477&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increased nest cofounding and high intra-colony relatedness in the bee Exoneura bicolor (Hymenoptera: Apidae): Results from an experimental situation AN - 16211080; 4274449 AB - Identifying differences in a key social trait between two populations of the same species is important for understanding the evolution of sociality. Previous studies of new colonies in Exoneura bicolor, an Australian allodapine bee, have shown that there are high levels of kin cofounding in a montane population. The only study to examine intra-colony relatedness in a heathland population has found that new multifemale colonies are not formed by kin. In this study we used an experiment to investigate both cofounding behaviour and intra-colony relatedness in E. bicolor from a heathland population. Nest substrate was placed either 0.05 or 1 m distant from source nests in a novel environment. Although there were no differences in cofounding rate or intra-colony relatedness between the two treatments there was, overall, a high rate of cofounding: 53% of new nests were multifemale, approximately twice as high as found in previous field-based studies. Relatedness among cofoundresses was not only different from zero, r plus or minus SE = 0.597 plus or minus 0.097, but almost identical to that found in montane populations. A constraint, such as nest substrate distribution, is suggested as a proximate factor affecting the expression of cofounding behaviour in E. bicolor. The implication of such proximate constraints for inferring the phylogenetic origins of social behaviour is discussed. JF - Australian Journal of Ecology AU - Hurst, P S AU - Gray, S AU - Schwarz, M P AU - Tilly, JA AU - Foran, A C AU - Adams, M AD - Sch. Biol. Sci., Flinders Univ. South Australia, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 419 EP - 424 VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0307-692X, 0307-692X KW - Australia KW - Bumble bees KW - Euglossine KW - Euglossines KW - Honey bees KW - Hymenoptera KW - Stingless bees KW - genetic relationship KW - nesting behavior KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05208:Social entomology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16211080?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Ecology&rft.atitle=Increased+nest+cofounding+and+high+intra-colony+relatedness+in+the+bee+Exoneura+bicolor+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Apidae%29%3A+Results+from+an+experimental+situation&rft.au=Hurst%2C+P+S%3BGray%2C+S%3BSchwarz%2C+M+P%3BTilly%2C+JA%3BForan%2C+A+C%3BAdams%2C+M&rft.aulast=Hurst&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=419&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+Journal+of+Ecology&rft.issn=0307692X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary Lead Intakes for Mother/Child Pairs and Relevance to Pharmacokinetic Models AN - 14483775; 10546602 AB - Ten mother/child pairs were monitored for up to 24 months to evaluate the impact of absorption of dietary lead during middle childhood compared with adults' absorption and to determine its impact on the Pb burden of children versus adults. Blood and environmental samples, including a quarterly 6-d duplicate diet, were monitored. Nine of the pairs had migrated from Eastern Europe to Australia, and the tenth was used as an Australian control. Results showed that, in seven out of the ten cases, the mean blood Pb of the child was greater than that of the mother. The mean daily intake of Pb for the children and mothers was 0.21 and 0.11 mu g/kg/d, respectively. When the data were pooled, there was a statistically significant correlation for mother bloodfood in isotopic Pb composition, but not for the child. In spite of considerable changes in average dietary intake, changes in the dietary isotopic composition, and dietary intake of Pb/kg body weight between the mothers and children, the absorption rate of Pb from dietary sources was found to be similar for adults and children 6 yr of age and older. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Gulson, Brian L AU - Mahaffey, Kathryn R AU - Jameson, CWilliam AU - Vidal, Montserrat AU - Law, Alistair J AU - Mizon, Karen J AU - Smith, Andrew JM Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1334 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 12 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - BLOOD LEAD LEVEL KW - DIET KW - AGE COMPARISONS KW - AUSTRALIA KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - FOOD ANALYSIS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14483775?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Dietary+Lead+Intakes+for+Mother%2FChild+Pairs+and+Relevance+to+Pharmacokinetic+Models&rft.au=Gulson%2C+Brian+L%3BMahaffey%2C+Kathryn+R%3BJameson%2C+CWilliam%3BVidal%2C+Montserrat%3BLaw%2C+Alistair+J%3BMizon%2C+Karen+J%3BSmith%2C+Andrew+JM&rft.aulast=Gulson&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1334&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 2 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - BLOOD LEAD LEVEL; FOOD ANALYSIS; DIET; AGE COMPARISONS; AUSTRALIA; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plane Pollution AN - 14483747; 10546598 AB - Airports are known to be major sources of noise, water, and air pollution, as carbon dioxide, VOCs, and nitrogen oxides are pumped into the atmosphere, and toxic chemicals are dumped into waterways. Data from the literature are cited in an assessment of these environmental problems and how to mitigate them. Efforts to reduce noise, air, and water pollution problems at various airports are described. With the projected doubling of passenger air traffic in the US over the next 20 yr, the environmental impact of airports will continue to increase unless strong actions are taken at the local, state, and national levels. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Holzman, David Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1300 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 12 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - MITIGATIVE MEASURES KW - AIR POLLUTION KW - NOISE POLLUTION KW - AIRPORTS KW - WATER POLLUTION KW - ENV CONSTRAINTS, TRANSPORT KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14483747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Plane+Pollution&rft.au=Holzman%2C+David&rft.aulast=Holzman&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1300&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 2 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - NOISE POLLUTION; MITIGATIVE MEASURES; AIR POLLUTION; AIRPORTS; WATER POLLUTION; ENV CONSTRAINTS, TRANSPORT ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Alternative Approach for Investigating the Carcinogenicity of Indoor Air Pollution: Pets as Sentinels of Environmental Cancer Risk AN - 14483213; 10546599 AB - Rodent bioassays and human observational epidemiology have been used traditionally to investigate the carcinogenicity of indoor air pollution. A third approach is described, involving pet epidemiology, which uses naturally occurring cancers in pet animals as surrogates of human cancer risk. The limitations of rodent bioassays and traditional epidemiology are outlined, and the history, advantages, and limitations of pet epidemiology are discussed. It is argued that well-designed pet epidemiology studies, particularly those using dogs, can add significantly to the weight of evidence concerning the environmental causes of cancer in both animals and humans. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Bukowski, John A AU - Wartenberg, Daniel Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1312 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 12 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - CANCER RISK KW - AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS KW - DOMESTIC ANIMALS KW - BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS, AIR KW - AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14483213?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=An+Alternative+Approach+for+Investigating+the+Carcinogenicity+of+Indoor+Air+Pollution%3A+Pets+as+Sentinels+of+Environmental+Cancer+Risk&rft.au=Bukowski%2C+John+A%3BWartenberg%2C+Daniel&rft.aulast=Bukowski&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1312&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - CANCER RISK; AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS; DOMESTIC ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS, AIR; AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lead Poisoning-One Approach to a Problem That Won't Go Away AN - 14483188; 10546597 AB - Because of the persistence of lead in various environmental sources and its long skeletal half-life, skeletal Pb concentrations invariably increase with age. It has been hypothesized, however, that the high rate of bone remodeling during childhood, and the consequent high calcium and Pb turnover, result in a substantial reduction in bone Pb stores so that much of the Pb incorporated into bone during childhood does not persist into adulthood. Evidence from the literature is cited in a discussion of how increasing dietary Ca intake can reduce Pb adsorption and toxicity. Unfortunately, dietary intakes of Ca for most Americans fall well below guidelines, especially for African-American children and adults. It is recommended to increase dietary Ca intakes, not as an alternative to reduce Pb exposure from paint and other sources, but as an additional approach to be used in conjunction with other preventive strategies. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Bogden, John D AU - Oleske, James M AU - Louria, Donald B Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1284 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 12 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - CALCIUM KW - LEAD KW - NUTRITION KW - BONE GROWTH KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14483188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Lead+Poisoning-One+Approach+to+a+Problem+That+Won%27t+Go+Away&rft.au=Bogden%2C+John+D%3BOleske%2C+James+M%3BLouria%2C+Donald+B&rft.aulast=Bogden&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1284&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 45 |t References N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - CALCIUM; NUTRITION; LEAD; BONE GROWTH; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil Ingestion: a Concern for Acute Toxicity in Children AN - 14482609; 10546604 AB - Several studies have indicated that soil-ingestion episodes may involve soil quantities greater than 5 g. Results are presented from a preliminary assessment of the risks posed by soil contaminants at contemporary guidance concentrations when there is soil pica, which is the term used for soil ingestion. Only acute toxicity information derived from clinical studies or case reports was used in the analysis. Thirteen chemicals were evaluated: antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, copper, cyanide, fluoride, lead, naphthalene, nickel, pentachlorophenol, phenol, and vanadium. The results strongly suggest that the current methodology for calculating risk-based soil-screening levels and clean-up goals based on chronic-exposure assumptions may not adequately protect children exhibiting soil pica behavior. Depending on the magnitude of soil ingested and the specific contaminant, a soil pica episode may result in the ingestion of doses similar to, or greater than, those observed in clinical reports to produce severe toxicity. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Calabrese, Edward J AU - Stanek, Edward J AU - James, Robert C AU - Roberts, Stephen M Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1354 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 12 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - RISK ASSESSMENT KW - SOIL CONTAMINATION KW - PATHOLOGY, CHILDREN KW - CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14482609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Soil+Ingestion%3A+a+Concern+for+Acute+Toxicity+in+Children&rft.au=Calabrese%2C+Edward+J%3BStanek%2C+Edward+J%3BJames%2C+Robert+C%3BRoberts%2C+Stephen+M&rft.aulast=Calabrese&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1354&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - RISK ASSESSMENT; SOIL CONTAMINATION; PATHOLOGY, CHILDREN; CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Persistent Learning Deficits in Rats After Exposure to Pfiesteria piscicida AN - 14482043; 10546600 AB - Pfiesteria piscicida is a newly recognized toxic dinoflagelate species, which inhabits estuarine and coastal waters of the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern US. The species exhibits at least 24 distinct life stages, but the small flagellated vegetative form has been associated with the most lethal toxic effects. The radial-arm maze was used to assess spatial learning and memory in rats after exposure to P. piscicida. In addition, a functional observational battery was used. Results showed a significant P. piscicida-induced impairment in learning, which was observed in two different radial-arm maze tasks, and these cognitive deficits persisted up to ten weeks after exposure. Most of the measures on the functional observational battery did not detect any difference between the P. piscicida-treated rats and controls, but at the highest exposure, effects were observed that were related to habituation, a simple form of learning. There were no signs of obvious toxicity or compromised health in the treated rats. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Levin, Edward D AU - Schmechel, Donald E AU - Burkholder, JoAnn M AU - Glasgow, Howard B AU - Deamer-Melia, Nora J AU - Moser, Virginia C AU - Harry, GJean Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1320 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 12 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - PLANKTON KW - PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS KW - PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES, ANIMAL KW - MARINE ORGANISMS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14482043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Persistent+Learning+Deficits+in+Rats+After+Exposure+to+Pfiesteria+piscicida&rft.au=Levin%2C+Edward+D%3BSchmechel%2C+Donald+E%3BBurkholder%2C+JoAnn+M%3BGlasgow%2C+Howard+B%3BDeamer-Melia%2C+Nora+J%3BMoser%2C+Virginia+C%3BHarry%2C+GJean&rft.aulast=Levin&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1320&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 4 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - PLANKTON; PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS; PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES, ANIMAL; MARINE ORGANISMS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health Advisories for Consumers of Great Lakes Sport Fish: Is the Message Being Received? AN - 14481918; 10546605 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Tilden, John AU - Hanrahan, Lawrence P AU - Anderson, Henry AU - Palit, Charles AU - Olson, Joseph AU - Mac Kenzie, William Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1360 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 12 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - PUBLIC HEALTH KW - CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION CONTROL KW - INFORMATION, ENV KW - GREAT LAKES KW - FOOD CONTAMINATION KW - FISHING, SPORT KW - FISH, FRESHWATER KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14481918?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Health+Advisories+for+Consumers+of+Great+Lakes+Sport+Fish%3A+Is+the+Message+Being+Received%3F&rft.au=Tilden%2C+John%3BHanrahan%2C+Lawrence+P%3BAnderson%2C+Henry%3BPalit%2C+Charles%3BOlson%2C+Joseph%3BMac+Kenzie%2C+William&rft.aulast=Tilden&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1360&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - FISHING, SPORT; PUBLIC HEALTH; FISH, FRESHWATER; CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION CONTROL; INFORMATION, ENV; GREAT LAKES; FOOD CONTAMINATION ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dioxinlike Components in Incinerator Fly Ash: a Comparison Between Chemical Analysis Data and Results from a Cell Culture Bioassay AN - 14480988; 10546601 AB - Flyash samples from municipal-waste incinerators, a crematorium, wood combustors, and a noble-metal-recycling facility were analyzed for the presence of potent PCDDs, PCDFs, dioxin-like PCBs, and PAHs, and the chemical data were compared with results from parallel experiments that utilized the ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) bioassay in rat hepatocyte culture. The EROD toxic equivalence values were compared with the chemical toxic equivalence values. Results showed that EROD activity in rat hepatocyte cultures was inducible with extracts from all flyash samples studied. The concentration of potent PCDDs/PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs, expressed as chemical toxic equivalents/g flyash, varied considerably between the samples, even samples from different incinerators of different design in the same plant. The EROD-toxic equivalence values in many instances were found to be about 25 times higher than those calculated from the chemical data. It was also found that PAHs and unidentified components with dioxin-like activity could have contributed to the difference. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Till, Markus AU - Behnisch, Peter AU - Hagenmaier, Hanspaul AU - Bock, Karl Walter AU - Schrenk, Dieter Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1326 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 12 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS KW - FLYASH KW - TOXIC SUBSTANCES KW - BIOASSAY KW - INCINERATORS KW - POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON KW - DIOXINS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14480988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Dioxinlike+Components+in+Incinerator+Fly+Ash%3A+a+Comparison+Between+Chemical+Analysis+Data+and+Results+from+a+Cell+Culture+Bioassay&rft.au=Till%2C+Markus%3BBehnisch%2C+Peter%3BHagenmaier%2C+Hanspaul%3BBock%2C+Karl+Walter%3BSchrenk%2C+Dieter&rft.aulast=Till&rft.aufirst=Markus&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1326&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 10 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; TOXIC SUBSTANCES; FLYASH; BIOASSAY; DIOXINS; INCINERATORS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological Monitoring of Organophosphorus Pesticide Exposure Among Children of Agricultural Workers in Central Washington State AN - 14480489; 10546603 AB - Biological monitoring was used to determine the extent to which children of pesticide applicators in Washington State are exposed to organophosphorus pesticides. Urinary metabolite levels of the pesticides in children living with occupationally exposed parents were determined and compared with a reference population. Results showed that children of pesticide applicators had higher urinary biomarker levels of organophosphorus pesticides than reference children. The variability in biomarker concentrations for the applicator children was observed to increase over the sampling period, regardless of the time of individual visits during the spray cycle. A marginally significant trend of decreasing concentration with increasing age was found, as children 34 yr of age had significantly higher exposures than children 56 yr of age. The closer a child lived to a sprayed orchard, the greater the exposure. Overall, however, levels of dimethylthiophosphate, which was the dominant metabolite, in children were relatively low compared with agricultural worker exposures, as the levels never exceeded 0.5 mu g/l. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Loewenherz, Carrie AU - Fenske, Richard A AU - Simcox, Nancy J AU - Bellamy, Garland AU - Kalman, David Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1344 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 12 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - ORCHARDS KW - WASHINGTON STATE KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - HEALTH SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL KW - PATHOLOGY, CHILDREN KW - ORGANOPHOSPHORUS KW - PESTICIDE EXPOSURE KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14480489?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Biological+Monitoring+of+Organophosphorus+Pesticide+Exposure+Among+Children+of+Agricultural+Workers+in+Central+Washington+State&rft.au=Loewenherz%2C+Carrie%3BFenske%2C+Richard+A%3BSimcox%2C+Nancy+J%3BBellamy%2C+Garland%3BKalman%2C+David&rft.aulast=Loewenherz&rft.aufirst=Carrie&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1344&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 3 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - HEALTH SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL; ORCHARDS; WASHINGTON STATE; PATHOLOGY, CHILDREN; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN ER - TY - GEN T1 - Amending the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978, and for Other Purposes. Senate Report To Accompany S. 569. 105th Congress, 1st Session. AN - 62528145; ED420465 AB - In this report, the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs reports favorably on Senate Bill 569 to amend the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) of 1978 and recommends its passage with an amendment. In enacting ICWA, Congress sought to: (1) protect the relationship between Indian children and their parents; (2) affirm the tribal right to participate meaningfully in placement decisions affecting Indian children; (3) preserve each Indian child's Indian heritage and, if possible, specific tribal affiliation; and (4) provide an orderly mechanism for resolving questions concerning state and tribal jurisdiction over Indian children. The purpose of Senate Bill 569 is to amend ICWA to provide additional procedures applicable to voluntary Indian child custody proceedings. These procedures will help ensure greater certainty, stability, and finality in child custody determinations without compromising the meaningful participation of tribes in Indian child placement decisions, a vital aspect of tribal sovereignty. Following the text of the bill, this report includes purposes of the bill, background on federal Indian child welfare policy in relation to ICWA's four objectives listed above, procedures applicable to ICWA, need for legislation, description of the substantive amendments (which place time restrictions on tribal and family intervention and provide for visitation agreements), summary of provisions, legislative history, section-by-section analysis, cost and budgetary considerations, executive communications, and changes in existing law. (SV) Y1 - 1997/11/13/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Nov 13 SP - 47 KW - Congress 105th KW - Indian Child Welfare Act 1978 KW - Tribal Jurisdiction KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Due Process KW - Federal Legislation KW - Transracial Adoption KW - Adoption KW - Foster Care KW - Child Welfare KW - Adopted Children KW - Tribal Sovereignty KW - Placement KW - American Indians UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62528145?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Calendar No. 295. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reauthorization Act of 1997. Report Together with Additional Views [To accompany H.R. 2534]. House of Representatives, 105th Congress. AN - 62554669; ED415391 AB - This document contains the text of 1997 legislation to amend and reauthorize the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Act. The act contains five titles that cover the following: Coordination, Planning, and Definitions regarding Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education; Reform of Existing Research, Extension, and Education Authorities; Extension or Repeal of Research, Extension, and Education Initiatives; New Research, Extension, and Education Initiatives; and Miscellaneous Provisions. (KC) Y1 - 1997/11/04/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Nov 04 SP - 144 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. KW - Congress 105th KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Federal Legislation KW - Educational Legislation KW - Extension Education KW - Research Projects KW - Higher Education KW - Agricultural Education KW - Secondary Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62554669?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - [Paramilitary Massacre in Miraflores] AN - 1679070309; CD01192 AB - Asks for information about paramilitary murder of six individuals in Miraflores, Colombia with alleged support of local military forces. AU - United States. Congress. Senate AD - United States. Congress. Senate PY - 1997 SP - 2 KW - Albright, Madeleine K. KW - Congressional relations KW - Military corruption KW - Miraflores (Colombia) KW - Paramilitary forces UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1679070309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Adnsa_cd&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=%5BParamilitary+Massacre+in+Miraflores%5D&rft.au=United+States.+Congress.+Senate&rft.aulast=United+States.+Congress.+Senate&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-11-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Digital National Security Archive N1 - Analyte descriptor - NSA document type: Letter N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - An Analysis of Total Nonresponse in the 1993-94 Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS). Technical Report. AN - 62553686; ED414343 AB - This technical report presents results of an analysis of unit response rates for the components of the 1993-94 Schools and Staffing Surveys (SASS). The study was motivated by the general need to evaluate and improve the quality of SASS data and to identify potential sources of nonsampling error associated with nonresponse in SASS. As background, the report describes the survey design and nonresponse adjustment procedures for each of the components of the SASS. A primary focus of the analysis is to compare the response rates for known characteristics of schools, administrators, teachers, school districts, libraries, librarians, and student records, and to assess the extent and pattern of these differences. Where possible findings from the 1993-94 analyses are compared to results from an exploratory analysis of response rates from the 1990-91 SASS. In addition, the hierarchical nature of response rates is examined, and a multivariate model of unit response is developed for one of the SASS components (public schools) to explain the relationship between these factors and the level of unit response. The following chapters are included: (1) "Overview"; (2) "SASS Core Components"; (3) "New SASS Components"; (4) "Summary of Significance Tests"; (5) "Hierarchical and Cross-Classified Testing"; (6) "Measurement of the Sampling Frame and Cooperation Rates"; (7) "Nonresponse Modeling for the Public School Component"; and (8) "Highlights and Recommendations." Appendixes contain response rate tables and a description of tests of association between response status and characteristics. (Contains 80 tables, 64 figures, and 34 references.) (SLD) AU - Monaco, David AU - Salvucci, Sameena AU - Zhang, Fan AU - Hu, Mingxiu AU - Gruber, Kerry Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - November 1997 SP - 294 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-98-243 KW - Nonresponders KW - Nonresponse Bias KW - Schools and Staffing Survey (NCES) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Institutional Characteristics KW - Teacher Characteristics KW - Research Methodology KW - Student Characteristics KW - Response Rates (Questionnaires) KW - Error of Measurement KW - School Districts KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - National Surveys KW - Research Design KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Public Schools KW - Libraries KW - Sampling KW - Sample Size KW - Statistical Bias UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62553686?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health-Related Behaviours and Psycho-Social Characteristics of 18 Year-Old Australians AN - 61458336; 9808066 AB - Psychosocial variables associated with health-related behaviors in terms of diet, exercise, alcohol consumption, & smoking are examined, drawing on 1994 questionnaire & interview data from 583 Australians, age 18, who had been surveyed periodically since 1985. Barriers to changing behavior are identified, & the role of self-efficacy as a predictor of choosing healthy behaviors is measured. Findings revealed gender differences in depression related to health behaviors, eg, higher depressive affect among female smokers & drinkers, & an inverse relationship between depression scores & self-efficacy in diet, exercise, & alcohol & tobacco use in both sexes. Depressive behavior should be further evaluated & addressed in efforts to promote health among youth. These efforts should also concentrate on increasing self-efficacy & addressing barriers to change, & consider gender effects in attitudes & the influence of depression & Type A behaviors on health. 6 Tables, 3 Figures, 55 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Social Science and Medicine AU - Milligan, R A K AU - Burke, V AU - Beilin, L J AU - Richards, J AU - Dunbar, D AU - Spencer, M AU - Balde, E AU - Gracey, M P AD - c/o Burke -- University Dept Medicine Royal Perth Hospital, GPO Box X2213 Western Australia 6001 Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - November 1997 SP - 1549 EP - 1562 VL - 45 IS - 10 SN - 0277-9536, 0277-9536 KW - Smoking KW - Depression (Psychology) KW - Physical Fitness KW - Psychosocial Factors KW - Alcohol Use KW - Health Behavior KW - Australia KW - Empowerment KW - Young Adults KW - Diet KW - Health Education KW - article KW - 2045: sociology of health and medicine; sociology of medicine & health care UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61458336?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Science+and+Medicine&rft.atitle=Health-Related+Behaviours+and+Psycho-Social+Characteristics+of+18+Year-Old+Australians&rft.au=Milligan%2C+R+A+K%3BBurke%2C+V%3BBeilin%2C+L+J%3BRichards%2C+J%3BDunbar%2C+D%3BSpencer%2C+M%3BBalde%2C+E%3BGracey%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Milligan&rft.aufirst=R+A&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1549&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Social+Science+and+Medicine&rft.issn=02779536&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - SSCMAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Young Adults; Depression (Psychology); Health Behavior; Psychosocial Factors; Health Education; Empowerment; Australia; Physical Fitness; Diet; Alcohol Use; Smoking ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seeing the forests for the more than the trees. AN - 21349244; 7720499 AB - Assessing the health effects of deforestation is difficult because of the rate at which the world's forests are disappearing. From 1990 to 1995 alone, the world lost a total area of forest cover nearly twice the size of Italy. Deforestation, which is caused by human population growth and encroachment, clearance for agricultural production, and the growing worldwide demand for wood products, has been linked with effects ranging from local changes in climatic and disease patterns to global climate change and biodiversity loss. Deforestation is responsible for about 25% of net annual releases of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and also lessens the amount of forest available to absorb greenhouse gas emissions. Deforestation also causes a tremendous loss of biodiversity worldwide. It is estimated that over the next 50 years deforestation will rank as the single greatest cause of species loss. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Taylor, D Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 1186 EP - 1191 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 VL - 105 IS - 11 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Trees KW - Agricultural production KW - Climatic changes KW - Biological diversity KW - Forests KW - Atmosphere KW - Italy KW - Emissions KW - Wood KW - human populations KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Deforestation KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21349244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Seeing+the+forests+for+the+more+than+the+trees.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+D&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1186&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Italy; Deforestation; Forests; Biological diversity; Emissions; Carbon dioxide; human populations; Greenhouse gases; Agricultural production; Wood; Climatic changes; Trees; Atmosphere ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physiological versus viscosity-induced effects of water temperature on the swimming and sinking velocity of larvae of the serpulid polychaete Galeolaria caespitosa AN - 16531853; 4327240 AB - Water viscosity is inversely related to water temperature. Because marine invertebrate larvae generally operate in a hydrodynamic environment dominated by viscous forces (i.e. Reynolds numbers <1), temperature-induced changes in water viscosity may exert profound influence on the swimming and sinking velocity of larvae. Whilst the physiological effects of water temperature on larval locomotion have received considerable experimental investigation, the influence of temperature-induced changes in water viscosity has received little attention. We investigated the relative physiological and viscosity-induced effects of water temperature at 25 and 15 degree C on the swimming and sinking velocity of larvae of the serpulid polychaete Galeolaria caespitosa (L.). Larvae of this species undergo considerable growth and development during their planktonic period such that the Reynolds number of the larval body (trochosphere) increases from 0.19 at hatching to 1.11 at 120 h post-hatching. Consequently we suggest that inertial forces may exert an influence on swimming at the later stages of larval development and therefore the influence of viscosity may change over the course of larval development. We also suggest that a temperature-induced increase in water viscosity will reduce the sinking velocity of larvae and may reduce the energy expenditure required to maintain location in the water column. Our results indicate that both physiological and viscosity components of water temperature influence the swimming velocity of G. caespitosa larvae. However, the influence of water viscosity did not change significantly over the course of larval development. The sinking velocity of G. caespitosa larvae was reduced with a temperature-induced increase in water viscosity. The reduction in sinking velocity of the larvae was proportional to the increase in water viscosity. We estimated and compared the metabolic costs of swimming to counteract sinking at 25 and 15 degree C by estimating Q sub(10) values from the metabolic effects of temperature on swimming velocity. We suggest that the metabolic costs of swimming to counteract sinking in G. caespitosa larvae are similar at 25 and 15 degree C, but that the metabolic costs of swimming are slightly higher at 15 degree C. JF - Marine Ecology Progress Series AU - Bolton, T F AU - Havenhand, J N AD - School of Biological Sciences, The Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 209 EP - 218 VL - 159 SN - 0171-8630, 0171-8630 KW - environmental conditions KW - larvae KW - swimming KW - Oceanic Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Marine KW - Swimming KW - Larvae KW - Developmental stages KW - Polychaeta KW - Ecophysiology KW - Viscosity KW - Galeolaria caespitosa KW - Environmental conditions KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Y 25662:Invertebrates (excluding insects) KW - D 04657:Annelids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16531853?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.atitle=Physiological+versus+viscosity-induced+effects+of+water+temperature+on+the+swimming+and+sinking+velocity+of+larvae+of+the+serpulid+polychaete+Galeolaria+caespitosa&rft.au=Bolton%2C+T+F%3BHavenhand%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Bolton&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.issn=01718630&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Ecophysiology; Swimming; Viscosity; Larvae; Developmental stages; Environmental conditions; Polychaeta; Galeolaria caespitosa; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Feeding ecology and interannual variations in diet of southern bluefin tuna, Thunnus maccoyii, in relation to coastal and oceanic waters off eastern Tasmania, Australia AN - 16525297; 4333472 AB - The diets of 1219 southern bluefin tuna, Thunnus maccoyii, from inshore (shelf) and offshore (oceanic) waters off eastern Tasmania were examined between 1992 and 1994. Immature fish ( 150 cm. The offshore tuna, when in subantarctic waters, ate relatively more squid than when in the East Australia Current. In the latter, fish and crustacea were more important, although there were variations between years. No relationship was found between either prey type or size with size of tuna. Feeding was significantly higher in the morning than at other times of the day. The mean weight of prey was significantly higher in inshore-caught tuna than in those caught offshore. We estimated that the mean daily ration of southern bluefin tuna off eastern Tasmania was 0.97% of wet body weight day super(-1). However, the daily ration of inshore-caught tuna was similar to 3 times higher (2.7%) than for tuna caught offshore (0.8%) indicating that feeding conditions on the shelf were better than those offshore. Our results indicate that the inshore waters of eastern Tasmania are an important feeding area for, at least, immature southern bluefin tuna. JF - Environmental Biology of Fishes AU - Young, J W AU - Lamb, T D AU - Le, D AU - Bradford, R W AU - Whitelaw, A W AD - CSIRO Division of Marine Research, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 275 EP - 291 VL - 50 IS - 3 SN - 0378-1909, 0378-1909 KW - Australia, Tasmania KW - Southern bluefin tuna KW - Oceanic Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - D 04668:Fish KW - Y 25495:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16525297?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&rft.atitle=Feeding+ecology+and+interannual+variations+in+diet+of+southern+bluefin+tuna%2C+Thunnus+maccoyii%2C+in+relation+to+coastal+and+oceanic+waters+off+eastern+Tasmania%2C+Australia&rft.au=Young%2C+J+W%3BLamb%2C+T+D%3BLe%2C+D%3BBradford%2C+R+W%3BWhitelaw%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&rft.issn=03781909&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A bioenergetics model for an air-breathing fish, Channa striatus AN - 16429180; 4333474 AB - Food consumption, standard metabolism, and growth of juvenile snakehead, Channa striatus, a cannibalistic and air-breathing fish were measured at 24-26 degree C under controlled laboratory condition. Snakehead weighing 3.2-29.5 g were evaluated, and were fed smaller snakehead. Based on our observations, we determined bioenergetics relationships between specific food consumption, metabolic rates, and body weight. These values, along with other published parameter values allowed us to construct a bioenergetics model for snakehead. We then verified our model with growth and food consumption measurements from an independent feeding trial. Predicted fish growth closely matched observed growth. Our model underestimated cumulative food consumption when a constant activity value was used, but consumption estimates improved when we used nonconstant activity values (1-5 times of standard metabolism). Predicted fish maintenance ration was 1.7% of body weight per day. Food conversion efficiency was greatest (0.59) when fed 2% body weight daily, but declined when daily consumption exceeded 6% body weight. This model provides a useful approach for assessing food requirements of snakehead under controlled condition. JF - Environmental Biology of Fishes AU - Qin, Jianguang AU - He, Xi AU - Fast, A W AD - School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 309 EP - 318 VL - 50 IS - 3 SN - 0378-1909, 0378-1909 KW - Chevron snakehead KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04668:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16429180?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&rft.atitle=A+bioenergetics+model+for+an+air-breathing+fish%2C+Channa+striatus&rft.au=Qin%2C+Jianguang%3BHe%2C+Xi%3BFast%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=Qin&rft.aufirst=Jianguang&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&rft.issn=03781909&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Helicobacter pylori: Prevalence, transmission, and serum pepsinogen II concentrations in children of a poor Periurban community in Bangladesh AN - 16350120; 4315157 AB - The aim of this study was to determine the age-specific prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in infants and children aged 1-99 months from a poor periurban community in Bangladesh. We also examined the frequency of infection among infants and their 53 immediate family members and evaluated the relationship between infection and fasting serum group II pepsinogen (pepsinogen II) concentration in 76 children. Sixty-one percent of 1-3 month-old infants tested positive for H. pylori; this rate declined steadily to 33% in children aged 10-15 months and then increased to 84% in children aged 5-8 years. The H. pylori infection rate was 2.5 times higher in children with illiterate mothers. No difference in infection rate was detected among the family contacts of infected vs. noninfected infants. H. pylori-infected children had significantly higher serum pepsinogen II concentrations than did noninfected children (P < .001). We conclude that infection with H. pylori is highly prevalent and occurs at an early age. An environmental factor or factors, rather than or in addition to intrafamilial spread of this infection, are important in poor communities of Bangladesh. The higher levels of serum pepsinogen II in H. pylori-positive children might indicate the presence of gastritis in such asymptomatic children. JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases AU - Sarker, SA AU - Mahalanabis, D AU - Hildebrand, P AU - Rahaman, M M AU - Bardhan, P K AU - Fuchs, G AU - Beglinger, C AU - Gyr, K AD - Clin. Sci. Div., Intl. Cent. for Diarrhoeal Dis. Res., Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), GPO Box 128, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 990 EP - 995 VL - 25 IS - 5 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - Bangladesh KW - children KW - infection KW - pepsinogen II KW - seroepidemiology KW - transmission KW - urban populations KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16350120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Helicobacter+pylori%3A+Prevalence%2C+transmission%2C+and+serum+pepsinogen+II+concentrations+in+children+of+a+poor+Periurban+community+in+Bangladesh&rft.au=Sarker%2C+SA%3BMahalanabis%2C+D%3BHildebrand%2C+P%3BRahaman%2C+M+M%3BBardhan%2C+P+K%3BFuchs%2C+G%3BBeglinger%2C+C%3BGyr%2C+K&rft.aulast=Sarker&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=990&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of the glucose oxidase gene from Talaromyces flavus and characterisation of its role in the biocontrol of Verticillium dahliae AN - 16347566; 4315645 AB - The glucose oxidase gene from the biocontrol fungus Talaromyces flavus has been isolated and shown to be only 64% identical at the amino-acid sequence level to the similar enzyme from Aspergillus niger. A transformation system has been developed for both T. flavus and the related T. macrosporus and has been used to create Talaromyces spp. which either over-express or are deficient in glucose oxidase. In vitro inhibition experiments on Verticillium dahliae using culture filtrates from these transformants indicates that secreted glucose oxidase is responsible for a large part of the growth inhibition of V. dahliae microsclerotia and hyphae by T. flavus, although other inhibitory compounds may also play a role. In pot trials with cotton plants, both Talaromyces species had some biocontrol activity, but there was no significant difference in the incidence of Verticillium wilt with either the presence or absence of glucose oxidase activity in the biocontrol fungus. Under the experimental conditions used, insufficient glucose is presumably present in the soil around cotton roots to generate sufficient hydrogen peroxide to inhibit V. dahliae and the observed biocontrol activity must be attributed to other factors. JF - Current Genetics AU - Murray AU - Llewellyn, D J AU - Peacock, W J AU - Dennis, E S AD - CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra City, ACT 2601, Australia, fmurray@pi.csiro.au Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 367 EP - 375 VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0172-8083, 0172-8083 KW - amino acid sequence prediction KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Genetics Abstracts KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - G 07330:Fungal genetics KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16347566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Genetics&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+the+glucose+oxidase+gene+from+Talaromyces+flavus+and+characterisation+of+its+role+in+the+biocontrol+of+Verticillium+dahliae&rft.au=Murray%3BLlewellyn%2C+D+J%3BPeacock%2C+W+J%3BDennis%2C+E+S&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Genetics&rft.issn=01728083&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of Campylobacter hyoilei lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS) antigens in Escherichia coli AN - 16292917; 4300294 AB - Campylobacter spp. are well recognized as primary pathogens in animals and in people. To isolate and define the genetic regions encoding major surface antigens of Campylobacter hyoilei, genomic DNA of the type strain of the species, RMIT-32A, was cloned into a cosmid vector, pLA2917, in Escherichia coli and the resulting genomic library was screened using antiserum raised to the parent C.hyoilei strain. Six cosmid clones were found to express a series of immunoreactive bands in the 15-25 kDa range. These bands were proteinase K-resistant and were found in the LPS fraction of the cells, suggesting that the recombinant cosmids expressed C. hyoilei lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS) antigen(s). The minimum DNA insert size required for expression of C. hyoilei LOS antigen(s) in E. coli was 11.8 kb. This region was subcloned into the plasmid vector pBR322. The partial sequencing of the 11.8 kb region showed that it contains two ORFs, designated rfbF and rfbP, showing homology with the rfbF gene from Serratia marcescens and the rfbP gene from Salmonella typhimurium. Both genes are involved in LPS synthesis. The region also contained a sequence homologous to the rfaC gene of E. coli and S. typhimurium which is involved in core oligosaccharide synthesis. JF - Microbiology AU - Korolik, V AU - Fry, B N AU - Alderton, M R AU - Van-der-Zeijst, BAM AU - Coloe, P J AD - Dep. Applied Biol. and Biotechnol., RMIT, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne 3001, Australia Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 3481 EP - 3489 VL - 143 IS - 11 SN - 1350-0872, 1350-0872 KW - antigens KW - cloning KW - lipooligosaccharides KW - plasmid pLA2917 KW - rfbF gene KW - rfbP gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16292917?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology&rft.atitle=Expression+of+Campylobacter+hyoilei+lipo-oligosaccharide+%28LOS%29+antigens+in+Escherichia+coli&rft.au=Korolik%2C+V%3BFry%2C+B+N%3BAlderton%2C+M+R%3BVan-der-Zeijst%2C+BAM%3BColoe%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Korolik&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology&rft.issn=13500872&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of cytokine-driven human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by protease inhibitor AN - 16287068; 4293141 AB - Protease inhibitors block virus maturation and prevent the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 in vitro. HIV-1-positive persons produce higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines that up-regulate HIV-1 replication. For the protease inhibitor to be effective in vivo, it must be able to suppress cytokine-induced HIV-1 replication. The in vitro efficacy of protease inhibitor to block tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- alpha , interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1 alpha , and IL-1 beta induction of HIV-1 was investigated. While 100 U/mL of the respective cytokines induced a 208- to 22-fold increase in HIV-1 p24 production, addition of protease inhibitor completely inhibited this virus induction. The kinetics indicated a sustained HIV-1 inhibition despite high levels of endogenous TNF- alpha induction. Dilution of protease inhibitor led to increased HIV-1 replication. These results show that while protease inhibitor can prevent cytokine induction of HIV-1 replication, a continual effective dose is required for the inhibition to be sustained. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Al-Harthi, L AU - Roebuck, KA AU - Kessler, H AU - Landay, A AD - Dep. Immun./Microbiol. and Infect. Dis., Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Med. Cent., 1653 W. Congress Pkwy., Chicago, IL 60612-3833, USA Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 1175 EP - 1179 VL - 176 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - HIV-1 KW - cytokines KW - proteinase inhibitor KW - replication KW - suppression KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - V 22002:AIDS: Molecular and in vitro aspects KW - A 01068:Antiviral & viricidal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16287068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+cytokine-driven+human+immunodeficiency+virus+type+1+replication+by+protease+inhibitor&rft.au=Al-Harthi%2C+L%3BRoebuck%2C+KA%3BKessler%2C+H%3BLanday%2C+A&rft.aulast=Al-Harthi&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=176&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Awareness of sexually transmitted disease among women and service providers in rural Bangladesh AN - 16258561; 4244086 AB - Sexually transmitted disease (STD) in rural Bangladesh is currently a topic of great concern. To date, little information is available in the literature regarding its prevalence. It is now known, however, that the current level of STD awareness among the rural population with regard to modes of transmission and means of prevention is inadequate. In 1994, the MCH-FP Extension Project (Rural) of ICDDR, B surveyed 8674 married women of reproductive age (MWRA) in 4 rural thanas to examine their awareness of STDs. The association between socio-demographic and programmatic factors (variables which affect STD information availability) and awareness of STDs was examined by both bivariate and multivariate analyses. Seven focus group discussions were conducted among groups of government health and family planning workers and paramedics to assess their knowledge of STDs and attitudes about their prevention. Only 12% of the original group had even a basic understanding about STDs and how to protect themselves from them. Twenty-five per cent of the women surveyed had ever heard of either syphilis or gonorrhoea. Of these women, less than half could mention specific mechanisms involved in the transmission of these diseases. Seven per cent reported that syphilis and gonorrhoea are transmitted through sexual intercourse. Thirteen per cent reported that the infections are transmitted from spouses to their partners. Four per cent reported that STDs can be spread by having multiple sexual partners. The results of logistic regression analysis indicate that awareness of STDs was higher among relatively older women than among younger women. Awareness of STDs was most strongly and positively associated with the education of both the women and their husbands. Awareness of STDs was also found to be higher among women who were more socially mobile (e.g. those who frequent cinemas or mothers' clubs). The findings of focus group discussions indicate that family planning and health care service providers have a moderate level of STD awareness. Modes of transmission and means of prevention, however, were areas of weakness. It will, therefore, be necessary, whether to prevent a potential STD epidemic or to combat current STD prevalence, to implement culturally acceptable and affordable means of disseminating knowledge in rural areas of Bangladesh. Training of health care providers will be an essential first step. JF - International Journal of STD & AIDS AU - Khan, MA AU - Rahman, M AU - Khanam, P A AU - Barkat-e-Khuda, AU - Kane, T T AU - Ashraf, A AD - Extension Project (Rural), Intl. Cent. for Diarrhoeal Dis. Res., Bangladesh, GPO Box 128, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 688 EP - 696 VL - 8 IS - 11 SN - 0956-4624, 0956-4624 KW - Bangladesh KW - medical personnel KW - psychological aspects KW - public health KW - rural populations KW - sexually-transmitted diseases KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - V 22123:Epidemiology KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - J 02849:Sexually-transmitted diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16258561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+STD+%26+AIDS&rft.atitle=Awareness+of+sexually+transmitted+disease+among+women+and+service+providers+in+rural+Bangladesh&rft.au=Khan%2C+MA%3BRahman%2C+M%3BKhanam%2C+P+A%3BBarkat-e-Khuda%2C%3BKane%2C+T+T%3BAshraf%2C+A&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=688&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+STD+%26+AIDS&rft.issn=09564624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Examination of the Estrogenicity of 2,4,6,2',6'-Penatchlorobiphenyl (PCB 104), Its Hydroxylated Metabolite 2,4,6,2',6'-Pentachloro-4-bipheylol (HO-PCB 104) and a Further Chlorinated Derivative, 2,4,6,2',4',6'-Hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 155) AN - 14477187; 10546556 AB - The estrogen-receptor-mediated effects of 2,4,6,2',6'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 104), 2,4,6,2',6'-pentachloro-4-biphenylol (HO-PCB 104), and 2,4,6,2',4',6'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 155) were investigated using CD-1 mice. In vitro assays were used to determine the activities of the PCBs to compete with 17 beta -estradiol (E sub(2)) for binding to the mouse uterine estrogen receptor, promote MCF-7 human breast-cancer-cell proliferation, and induce gene expression using a recombinant receptor/reporter gene assay. Results showed that PCB 104, HO-PCB 104, and PCB 155 all exhibited significant estrogen-receptor-mediated activities. All three competed with E sub(2) for binding to the mouse uterine estrogen receptor, and PCB 104 and HO-PCB 104 exhibited significant agonist activity in the gene expression assay. While hydroxylation of the parent PCB was found to enhance its binding affinity and potency, oxidation to a hydroxylated metabolite was not required to elicit estrogen-receptor-mediated activities. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Fielden, Mark R AU - Chen, Ih AU - Chittim, Brock AU - Safe, Stephen H AU - Zacharewski, Timothy R Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 1238 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 11 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS KW - BIOASSAY KW - PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES, ANIMAL KW - HORMONES KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14477187?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Examination+of+the+Estrogenicity+of+2%2C4%2C6%2C2%27%2C6%27-Penatchlorobiphenyl+%28PCB+104%29%2C+Its+Hydroxylated+Metabolite+2%2C4%2C6%2C2%27%2C6%27-Pentachloro-4-bipheylol+%28HO-PCB+104%29+and+a+Further+Chlorinated+Derivative%2C+2%2C4%2C6%2C2%27%2C4%27%2C6%27-Hexachlorobiphenyl+%28PCB+155%29&rft.au=Fielden%2C+Mark+R%3BChen%2C+Ih%3BChittim%2C+Brock%3BSafe%2C+Stephen+H%3BZacharewski%2C+Timothy+R&rft.aulast=Fielden&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1238&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 2 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; BIOASSAY; PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES, ANIMAL; HORMONES ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phenolphthalein-Containing Laxative Use in Relation to Adenomatous Colorectal Polyps in Three Studies AN - 14476949; 10546551 AB - Data from three recent case-control studies, one conducted in Los Angeles, CA, and two conducted in North Carolina, were used to examine phenolphthalein-containing laxative use in relation to the formation of adenomatous colorectal polyps. Phenolphthalein was recently found to be a multi-site/multi-species carcinogen in animals. Analysis of the study data revealed that few subjects reported using phenolphthalein-containing laxatives with any appreciable frequency, so the association estimates were imprecise. No association was found in the North Carolina data, and in the Los Angeles data, an odds ratio of 1.8 associated with use once a week or more was suggested. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Longnecker, Matthew P AU - Sandler, Dale P AU - Haile, Robert W AU - Sandler, Robert S Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 1210 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 11 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - RISK ASSESSMENT KW - CARCINOGENIC AGENTS KW - DRUGS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14476949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Phenolphthalein-Containing+Laxative+Use+in+Relation+to+Adenomatous+Colorectal+Polyps+in+Three+Studies&rft.au=Longnecker%2C+Matthew+P%3BSandler%2C+Dale+P%3BHaile%2C+Robert+W%3BSandler%2C+Robert+S&rft.aulast=Longnecker&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1210&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 3 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - RISK ASSESSMENT; CARCINOGENIC AGENTS; DRUGS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Triazine Herbicide Exposure and Breast Cancer Incidence: An Ecologic Study of Kentucky Counties AN - 14476941; 10546553 AB - An ecologic study of Kentucky counties was designed to examine the link between breast-cancer incidence and triazine-herbicide exposure. For each county, demographic data were compiled, along with data on groundwater and surface-water contamination, the amount of pesticide used by applicators in each county, and breast-cancer incidence. Results showed that, the higher the levels of contamination in surface water, the higher the incidence of breast cancer, but contamination of groundwater showed a less consistent result. Overall, a small but statistically significant increase in breast-cancer risk was noted with medium or high exposure to triazines, and the association was strongest for the most recent years of breast-cancer data. A puzzling finding was a protective effect against breast cancer with higher levels of corn planting and pesticide use, which may have been due to more skilled applications that led to decreased pesticide runoff. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kettles, Michele A AU - Browning, Steven R AU - Prince, Timothy Scott AU - Horstman, Sanford W Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 1222 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 11 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - CANCER RISK KW - KENTUCKY KW - HERBICIDE EXPOSURE KW - SURFACE WATERS KW - WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14476941?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Triazine+Herbicide+Exposure+and+Breast+Cancer+Incidence%3A+An+Ecologic+Study+of+Kentucky+Counties&rft.au=Kettles%2C+Michele+A%3BBrowning%2C+Steven+R%3BPrince%2C+Timothy+Scott%3BHorstman%2C+Sanford+W&rft.aulast=Kettles&rft.aufirst=Michele&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1222&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 2 |t maps N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - CANCER RISK; KENTUCKY; HERBICIDE EXPOSURE; SURFACE WATERS; WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Significance of Mouse Liver Tumor Formation for Carcinogenic Risk Assessment: Results and Conclusions from a Survey of Ten Years of Testing by the Agrochemical Industry AN - 14476924; 10546549 AB - Results are presented from a study conducted by the European Crop Protection Association that utilized a questionnaire methodology to compile mouse carcinogenicity studies conducted over the period 1983-92. A total of 138 valid studies was received from ten agrochemical companies, which ranged in duration from 18 to 27 months. Of those studies, 101 were judged to be negative in terms of tumorigenicity in both sexes, and 16 were positive in both sexes. The study data are compiled on genotoxicity, survival effects, body-weight effects, liver histopathology, and relative liver weights. In these experiments, the liver was the most frequent site of carcinogenicity in both rats and mice. The relevance of mouse bioassays to human risk assessment and the risk factors relevant for carcinogenesis in humans are considered. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Carmichael, Neil G AU - Enzmann, Harald AU - Pate, Ian AU - Waechter, Felix Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 1196 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 11 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - RISK ASSESSMENT KW - CARCINOGENIC AGENTS KW - HEPATOTOXICITY KW - BIOASSAY KW - AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14476924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+Significance+of+Mouse+Liver+Tumor+Formation+for+Carcinogenic+Risk+Assessment%3A+Results+and+Conclusions+from+a+Survey+of+Ten+Years+of+Testing+by+the+Agrochemical+Industry&rft.au=Carmichael%2C+Neil+G%3BEnzmann%2C+Harald%3BPate%2C+Ian%3BWaechter%2C+Felix&rft.aulast=Carmichael&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1196&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 12 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - RISK ASSESSMENT; CARCINOGENIC AGENTS; AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS; BIOASSAY; HEPATOTOXICITY ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Household Pesticides and Risk of Pediatric Brain Tumors AN - 14476910; 10546552 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Pogoda, Janice M AU - Preston-Martin, Susan Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 1214 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 11 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - PESTICIDE USAGE, RESIDENTIAL KW - PATHOLOGY, CHILDREN KW - PESTICIDE EXPOSURE KW - TUMORIGENIC AGENTS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14476910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Household+Pesticides+and+Risk+of+Pediatric+Brain+Tumors&rft.au=Pogoda%2C+Janice+M%3BPreston-Martin%2C+Susan&rft.aulast=Pogoda&rft.aufirst=Janice&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1214&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 7 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - PATHOLOGY, CHILDREN; PESTICIDE USAGE, RESIDENTIAL; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; TUMORIGENIC AGENTS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating Xenobiotic Half-Lives in Humans from Rat Data: Influence of log P AN - 14476775; 10546550 AB - The lipid solubility of xenobiotics is expected to be an important parameter in determining the half-life relationship between rats and humans because the adipose content of humans as a percentage of total body weight is 34 times larger than for rats. Using average half-life values in rats and humans for 127 xenobiotics obtained from the literature, the ability of the octanolwater partition coefficient, expressed as log P, to account for some of the variability remaining in the data after use of a simple linear expression relating the species was investigated. Results found that accounting for lipid solubility improved the accuracy of predictions of human xenobiotic half-lives from rat half-life data, and the variance was decreased when log P values were included in the prediction equation. This was especially true when predicting human half-lives from rat half-lives for xenobiotics with extremely large log P values. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Sarver, Jeffrey G AU - White, Donald AU - Erhardt, Paul AU - Bachmann, Kenneth Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 1204 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 11 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - BIOACCUMULATION, ANIMAL KW - LIPIDS KW - SOLUBILITY KW - MATHEMATIC MODELS, BIOLOGICAL KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - CHEMICAL ANALYSIS KW - SPECIES COMPARISONS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14476775?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Estimating+Xenobiotic+Half-Lives+in+Humans+from+Rat+Data%3A+Influence+of+log+P&rft.au=Sarver%2C+Jeffrey+G%3BWhite%2C+Donald%3BErhardt%2C+Paul%3BBachmann%2C+Kenneth&rft.aulast=Sarver&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1204&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 7 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - BIOACCUMULATION, ANIMAL; SPECIES COMPARISONS; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; SOLUBILITY; LIPIDS; MATHEMATIC MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of Breast Milk to Assess Exposure to Chlorinated Contaminants in Kazakstan: PCBs and Organochlorine Pesticides in Southern Kazakstan AN - 14475911; 10546557 AB - In Kazakstan, breast-milk donors were accessed through regional maternal and child health clinics in major industrial, agricultural, and population centers. Residue levels of PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in the breast-milk samples were related to health status, breast-feeding patterns, dietary habits, smoking status, medication use, and residence and work history data. For the entire data set, the sum of the six prevalent PCBs averaged 180 ng/g fat, but significantly higher residues were found in Atyrau, which is an industrialized region. For organochlorines, rural areas and Atyrau had the highest levels of most compounds. All fish and dairy products had very low levels of the target analytes, with the exception of fish from Atyrau. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hooper, Kim AU - Petreas, Myrto X AU - She, Jianwen AU - Visita, Pat AU - Winkler, Jennifer AU - McKinney, Michael AU - Mok, Mandy Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 1250 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 11 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS KW - BREAST MILK KW - ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - AREA COMPARISONS KW - KAZAKHSTAN KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14475911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+Breast+Milk+to+Assess+Exposure+to+Chlorinated+Contaminants+in+Kazakstan%3A+PCBs+and+Organochlorine+Pesticides+in+Southern+Kazakstan&rft.au=Hooper%2C+Kim%3BPetreas%2C+Myrto+X%3BShe%2C+Jianwen%3BVisita%2C+Pat%3BWinkler%2C+Jennifer%3BMcKinney%2C+Michael%3BMok%2C+Mandy&rft.aulast=Hooper&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1250&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t maps N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - AREA COMPARISONS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; BREAST MILK; KAZAKHSTAN; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human Pulmonary Responses to Experimental Inhalation of High Concentration Fine and Ultrafine Magnesium Oxide Particles AN - 14475876; 10546555 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kuschner, Ware G AU - Wong, Hofer AU - D'Alessandro, Alessandra AU - Quinlan, Patricia AU - Blanc, Paul D Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 1234 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 11 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS KW - PARTICULATE SIZE KW - METAL OXIDES KW - MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS KW - PULMONARY EFFECTS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14475876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Human+Pulmonary+Responses+to+Experimental+Inhalation+of+High+Concentration+Fine+and+Ultrafine+Magnesium+Oxide+Particles&rft.au=Kuschner%2C+Ware+G%3BWong%2C+Hofer%3BD%27Alessandro%2C+Alessandra%3BQuinlan%2C+Patricia%3BBlanc%2C+Paul+D&rft.aulast=Kuschner&rft.aufirst=Ware&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1234&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS; PARTICULATE SIZE; METAL OXIDES; MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS; PULMONARY EFFECTS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Have Sperm Densities Declined? A Reanalysis of Global Trend Data AN - 14474921; 10546554 AB - Univariate linear and nonlinear models were fit to data from 56 studies on sperm densities published between 1930 and 1990 to examine temporal changes. The studies were stratified into regions. The greatest decline in densities was observed for the European studies, although the mean sperm densities were highest in Europe. The overall analysis suggested a significant decline in sperm densities in both Europe and the US, with confounding and selection bias unlikely to account for these results. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Swan, Shanna H AU - Elkin, Eric P AU - Fenster, Laura Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 1228 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 11 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - SPERM KW - QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS KW - TEMPORAL COMPARISONS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14474921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Have+Sperm+Densities+Declined%3F+A+Reanalysis+of+Global+Trend+Data&rft.au=Swan%2C+Shanna+H%3BElkin%2C+Eric+P%3BFenster%2C+Laura&rft.aulast=Swan&rft.aufirst=Shanna&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1228&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 4 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - SPERM; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; TEMPORAL COMPARISONS ER - TY - GEN T1 - Reading Excellence Act. Report Together with Minority and Dissenting Views [To Accompany H.R. 2614], House of Representatives, 105th Congress, 1st Session. AN - 62541653; ED418384 AB - This report (together with a minority view and a dissenting view) presents the Reading Excellence Act (H.R. 2614). The act is designed to improve the reading and literacy skills of children and families by improving inservice instructional practices for teachers who teach reading, to stimulate the development of more high-quality family literacy programs, to support extended learning-time opportunities for children, and to ensure that children can read well and independently not later than third grade. The report presents the amendments to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 as required by the Reading Excellence Act, the roll call votes of the Committee on Education and the Workforce, and changes to existing laws made by the Act. (RS) Y1 - 1997/10/24/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Oct 24 SP - 194 KW - Proposed Legislation KW - Reading Management KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Instructional Effectiveness KW - Primary Education KW - Federal Legislation KW - Reading Instruction KW - Reading Improvement KW - Inservice Teacher Education KW - Reading Skills KW - Family Literacy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62541653?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Violent and Repeat Juvenile Offender Act of 1997. Report of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Together with Additional, Minority and Supplemental Views To Accompany S. 10. AN - 62548671; ED419208 AB - Finding that violent crimes perpetrated by juvenile offenders has increased dramatically in this century, the Committee on the Judiciary recommended and forwarded this bill for enaction by the Senate. The bill revises federal court procedures, addresses the problem of violent crime and controlled substance offenses by youth gangs, and encourages states to adopt policies "to ensure that the victims of violent crimes committed by juveniles receive the same level of justice as do victims of...adults." Title I reforms the procedures by which juveniles who commit federal crimes are prosecuted and punished. Title II deals with juvenile gangs. Title III amends and reauthorizes the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 to provide block grants to states for effective youth crime control and accountability. Title IV provides seed money for Boys and Girls Clubs in distressed areas. Title V contains definitions and authorizations regarding miscellaneous offenses including carjacking, firearms safety, use of prison labor for data entry, hate crimes and child exploitation. Legislative history; minority, additional, and supplemental views; and cost estimates are included. (EMK) Y1 - 1997/10/09/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Oct 09 SP - 411 KW - Congress 105th KW - Proposed Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Prevention KW - Crime KW - Delinquency KW - Sexual Abuse KW - Children KW - Child Abuse KW - Violence KW - Child Welfare KW - Legislation KW - Juvenile Justice UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62548671?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Calendar No. 210. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Access to Postsecondary Education for the 1992 High School Graduates. Postsecondary Education Descriptive Analysis Reports. Statistical Analysis Report. AN - 62552202; ED413854 AB - This report uses data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 to examine 1992 high school graduates' access to postsecondary education in 1994, 2 years after high school graduation. An overview of the postsecondary enrollment rates of graduates by family income, race/ethnicity, and parental levels of education is followed by an analysis of the factors associated with the relatively low four-year college enrollment rates of Hispanic, black, and low-income students. The findings include: (1) the differences by income and race/ethnicity in the four-year enrollment rates of college-qualified high school graduates are eliminated among those students who have taken college entrance examinations and completed an admission application; (2) high school graduates with low-income parents are able to attend four-year colleges at the same rates as students from middle-income families, if the low income students follow the usual requirements for consideration and admission; (3) college-qualified low-income students, once accepted to four-year colleges, are as likely to enroll as middle- and high-income students; and (4) barriers to a four-year college education for low-income high school graduates appear to include low educational expectations and poor academic preparation. Appendix A is comprised of a glossary and Appendix B is comprised of technical notes and methodology. (JLS) AU - Berkner, Lutz AU - Chavez, Lisa Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - October 1997 SP - 119 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160492874 KW - National Education Longitudinal Study 1988 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Family Characteristics KW - Low Income Groups KW - High School Graduates KW - College Bound Students KW - Access to Education KW - Student Characteristics KW - Socioeconomic Status KW - Educational Finance KW - College Attendance KW - Higher Education KW - National Surveys KW - Enrollment Influences KW - Eligibility KW - College Applicants KW - Minority Groups KW - Paying for College KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Enrollment Trends KW - Black Students KW - Hispanic American Students KW - College Admission KW - College Preparation KW - Tables (Data) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62552202?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Workforce Investment Partnership Act of 1997. Report Together with Additional Views To Accompany S.1186. Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources, 105th Congress, 1st Session. AN - 62550726; ED418316 AB - This report recommends passage of the Workforce Investment Partnership Act of 1997. It describes this bill as one that streamlines the current federal job training system, making it more user-friendly, and consolidates the numerous federal job training programs, eliminating confusing and redundant mandates and creating integrated statewide work force development systems. Nine sections are included: (1) background and need for the legislation; (2) history of the legislation and votes in committee; (3) committee views; (4) cost estimate; (5) regulatory impact statement; (6) application of the law to the legislative branch; (7) section-by-section analysis; (8) additional views; and (9) changes in existing law. (YLB) Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - October 1997 SP - 114 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. KW - Congress 105th KW - Proposed Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Federal Aid KW - Accountability KW - Job Training KW - State Regulation KW - Secondary Education KW - Costs KW - Federal Legislation KW - Federal Programs KW - Federal Regulation KW - Vocational Education KW - States Powers KW - Federal State Relationship KW - Labor Force Development KW - Adult Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62550726?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Calendar No. 214. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Institutional Aid 1992-93. Postsecondary Education Descriptive Analysis Reports. Statistical Analysis Report. AN - 62543746; ED413853 AB - This report examines institutional aid awards for postsecondary education students for the academic year 1992-93, relating institutions students attended and student characteristics to receipt and size of institutional award. Data is based on the 1992-93 National Postsecondary Student Aid Study. Highlights include the following: (1) Institutional aid has increased at a faster rate than any other source of student financial aid since 1985; (2) receipt and amount of aid varied by level and control of institution, with full-time undergraduates in private four-year institutions more than twice as likely to receive aid as those in public four-year institutions; (3) "traditional" undergraduates (full-time, under 24, living on campus) were more likely to receive aid than other students; (4) full-time undergraduates in the lowest income quartile attending public institutions were more likely to receive aid than those in higher income quartiles. Narrative and 22 tables in the report cover: categories of aid recipients; institutional financial issues and characteristics (Carnegie classification, tuition, endowment); growth of institutional aid; and student characteristics (income, financial aid package, grade point average, race/ethnicity). A summary discusses the undergraduate and institutional characteristics associated with institutional aid. Two appendixes include a glossary and technical notes and methodology. (Contains 24 references.)(JLS) AU - Lee, John B. AU - Clery, Suzanne B. Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - October 1997 SP - 85 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160492904 KW - Higher Education Act Title IV KW - Institutional Aid KW - National Postsecondary Student Aid Study KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Nontraditional Students KW - Institutional Characteristics KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Student Loan Programs KW - Access to Education KW - Student Characteristics KW - Grants KW - Educational Finance KW - Public Colleges KW - Private Colleges KW - Higher Education KW - National Surveys KW - Student Financial Aid KW - Institutional Role KW - Paying for College KW - College Students UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62543746?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Family Involvement in Children's Education: Successful Local Approaches. An Idea Book. AN - 62543134; ED412031 AB - Schools that are most successful in engaging parents and other family members in support of their children's learning look beyond traditional definitions of parent involvement--parent teacher organizations or signing report cards--to a broader conception of supporting families in activities outside of school that can encourage their children's' learning. This idea book is intended to assist educators, parents, and policy makers as they develop school-family partnerships, identifying and describing successful strategies used by 20 local Title I programs. Following an executive summary, the book notes resources for involving families in education, includes research supporting such partnerships, and describes how Title I encourages partnerships. Next, the book describes successful local approaches to family involvement in education, organized around strategies for overcoming common barriers to family involvement, including: (1) overcoming time and resource constraints; (2) providing information and training to parents and school staff; (3) restructuring schools to support family involvement; (4) bridging school-family differences; and (5) tapping external supports for partnerships. Finally, the book presents conclusions about establishing and sustaining partnerships, noting that at the same time that successful partnerships share accountability, specific stakeholders must assume individual responsibility, and that those schools that succeed in involving large numbers of parents invest energy in finding solutions for problems, not excuses. Four appendices present profiles of 10 successful partnerships, descriptions in table format of 20 successful local approaches, contact information for profiled partnership programs, and resources for building successful partnerships. Contains 13 references. (HTH) AU - Funkhouser, Janie E. AU - Gonzales, Miriam R. AU - Moles, Oliver C. Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - October 1997 SP - 153 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160492548 KW - Barriers to Implementation KW - Elementary Secondary Education Act Title I KW - Program Characteristics KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Parents KW - Policymakers KW - Practitioners KW - Teachers KW - Program Descriptions KW - Partnerships in Education KW - Parent Student Relationship KW - Parent School Relationship KW - Parent Participation KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Change Strategies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62543134?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Contribution of Self-Concept in the Etiology of Adolescent Delinquency AN - 60080532; 9813317 AB - Explores the relationship between self-concept & delinquency, drawing on Tennessee Self-Concept Scale data from adolescents in high schools (N = 230) & institutions incarcerating young offenders (N = 54) in Queensland, Australia, categorized as nondelinquents, noninstitutionalized delinquents, & institutionalized delinquents. Differences were evident in the total & subscale scores of nondelinquents as compared with their delinquent counterparts. Implications of the results in the context of delinquency theories & for dealing with delinquent adolescents are discussed. 4 Tables, 39 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Adolescence AU - Levy, Kenneth St C AD - Dept Justice, GPO Box 149 Brisbane Queensland 4001 Australia Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - October 1997 SP - 671 EP - 686 VL - 32 IS - 127 SN - 0001-8449, 0001-8449 KW - Offenders KW - Self Concept KW - Juvenile Delinquency KW - Australia KW - High School Students KW - article KW - 2151: social problems and social welfare; juvenile delinquency UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60080532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Adolescence&rft.atitle=The+Contribution+of+Self-Concept+in+the+Etiology+of+Adolescent+Delinquency&rft.au=Levy%2C+Kenneth+St+C&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+St&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=127&rft.spage=671&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Adolescence&rft.issn=00018449&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-10-30 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - ADOLAO N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - High School Students; Self Concept; Juvenile Delinquency; Australia; Offenders ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brief report. Evaluation of Teknaf enteric agar (TEA): modified MacConkey's agar for the isolation of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 and Shigella flexneri AN - 17170579; 4472229 AB - To develop a better and selective medium for the isolation of Shigella spp., McConkey's Agar (MAC) was modified by adding potassium tellurite (K2TeO3) at a concentration of 1 [mu]g/ml. The formulation designated Teknaf Enteric Agar (TEA) was studied for the inhibitory effect of potassium tellurite on the growth of different enteric bacteria, and as a medium for isolating Shigella spp. from clinical stool samples (n=3125). We observed that the growth of E. coli was effectively inhibited on TEA with no effect on the growth of S. dysenteriae type 1 and S. flexneri. A total of 2019 Shigellae were isolated through the combined use of TEA, MAC, and Salmonella-Shigella Agar (SS). On TEA, 1921 S. dysenteriae type 1 and S. flexneri were isolated as compared to 1765 from the combined use of MAC and SS. A total of 194 of S. dysenteriae type 1 and S. flexneri were exclusively isolated from TEA as compared to 38 which were only made from MAC and SS. We conclude that TEA significantly increased the overall isolation rate of Shigella spp. as compared to the combined use of MAC and SS (P <0.0001), although it is not suitable for the isolation of S. sonnei. JF - Journal of Tropical Pediatrics AU - Munshi, MMH AU - Morshed, M G AU - Ansaruzzaman, M AU - Alam, K AU - Kay, A AU - Aziz, KMS AU - Rahamann, M M AD - International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), GPO Box 128, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 307 EP - 310 VL - 43 IS - 5 SN - 0142-6338, 0142-6338 KW - Teknaf enteric agar KW - potassium tellurate (IV) KW - potassium tellurate(IV) KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Agar KW - Shigellosis KW - Shigella flexneri KW - Media (isolation) KW - Shigella dysenteriae KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02702:Transport, isolation, selection and enrichment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17170579?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Tropical+Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Brief+report.+Evaluation+of+Teknaf+enteric+agar+%28TEA%29%3A+modified+MacConkey%27s+agar+for+the+isolation+of+Shigella+dysenteriae+type+1+and+Shigella+flexneri&rft.au=Munshi%2C+MMH%3BMorshed%2C+M+G%3BAnsaruzzaman%2C+M%3BAlam%2C+K%3BKay%2C+A%3BAziz%2C+KMS%3BRahamann%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Munshi&rft.aufirst=MMH&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Tropical+Pediatrics&rft.issn=01426338&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Shigella dysenteriae; Shigella flexneri; Shigellosis; Media (isolation); Agar ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparative analysis of aggression in migratory and non-migratory salmonids AN - 16430967; 4333346 AB - This paper represents a comprehensive test of the hypothesis that aggression in salmonids increases with the duration of stream residence. The intraspecific aggression of eleven juvenile salmonids was compared with their normal duration of stream residence. Salmonids maintained in 1 metre tanks and observed over two days could be separated into four groups based on statistical differences between the frequencies of aggressive behaviour. Non-anadromous Salvelinus fontinalis showed the highest levels of aggressive behaviour, followed by Oncorhynchus masou and O. mykiss (rainbow and steelhead trout). Least aggressive were the early migrants O. nerka (kokanee and sockeye salmon) and O. keta. The remaining species, O. rhodurus, O. kisutch, S. leucomaenis pluvius and Salmo trutta formed a moderately aggressive group. Aggressiveness was significantly and positively correlated with the duration of stream residence. JF - Environmental Biology of Fishes AU - Hutchison, MJ AU - Iwata, M AD - Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union, GPO Box 3943, Sydney 2001, Australia Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 209 EP - 215 VL - 50 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1909, 0378-1909 KW - Salmonids KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Y 25375:Fish KW - D 04668:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16430967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&rft.atitle=A+comparative+analysis+of+aggression+in+migratory+and+non-migratory+salmonids&rft.au=Hutchison%2C+MJ%3BIwata%2C+M&rft.aulast=Hutchison&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&rft.issn=03781909&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical carcinogens and antigens contribute to cutaneous tumor promotion by depleting epidermal Langerhans cells AN - 16375756; 4287628 AB - Epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) are an integral component of the skin immune system as they initiate immune responses to a variety of antigens, including tumor antigens. When skin is exposed to carcinogenic doses of ultraviolet-B irradiation, chemical carcinogens or tumor promoters there is a significant reduction of LC density. This causes the skin to be immunocompromised and provides an opportunity for aberrant cells to escape immune detection and develop into tumors. Consequently LC depletion is a key event associated with the pathogenesis of skin cancer. We propose that LC depletion contributes to tumor promotion and therefore any agents that reduce LC number, e.g. the contact sensitizing antigen 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB), may also contribute to tumor promotion. This proposal was evaluated in cutaneous carcinogenesis by treating mouse skin with a tumor initiating dose of the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) followed by a tumor promoter. The initiating dose of DMBA did not cause LC depletion or tumor development. However, if the DMBA-treated skin was then exposed to a concentration of TNCB that caused LC depletion, skin tumors developed. This is analogous to the classical initiator/promoter system with an LC-depleting dose of TNCB contributing to tumor promotion. Further, this promotion effect was independent of the commencement time of the promoter application, as 2% TNCB applied either 1 or 12 weeks after DMBA initiation induced tumor development. Analysis of the association of LC depletion with immunosuppression and tumor promotion, showed that these events were linked, irrespective of the agent that caused the depletion. It is therefore concluded that LC depletion and local immunosuppression are important aspects of tumor promotion in cutaneous carcinogenesis and non-carcinogenic agents may have tumor promoter activities. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Qu, M AU - Muller, H K AU - Woods, G M AD - Division of Pathology, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-29, Hobart, Australia 7001 Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1277 EP - 1279 VL - 18 IS - 10 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16375756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Chemical+carcinogens+and+antigens+contribute+to+cutaneous+tumor+promotion+by+depleting+epidermal+Langerhans+cells&rft.au=Qu%2C+M%3BMuller%2C+H+K%3BWoods%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Qu&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental monitoring and impact assessment of a solid waste disposal site AN - 16323331; 4259496 AB - The objective of this study is an attempt to conduct an environmental monitoring and impact assessment of the On-Nooch solid waste disposal site in Bangkok, Thailand. Four water and five air sampling stations (2 upwind and 3 downwind directions) were established at the site. Grab water samples from leachate treatment plant and Khlong Song Hong, a nearby stream, were collected during the rainy and dry seasons. Analytical results of the waste water discharged by the leachate treatment plant, during dry season showed chemical oxygen demand: 618 mg/l; biochemical oxygen demand: 80 mg/l; suspended solid: 101 mg/l; Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen: 283 mg /l, which were still higher than standard limit for effluents in Thailand. During the dry season, results also showed widespread heavy metal pollution from leachate (chromium: 1.03 mg/l; manganese: 1.07 mg/l; mercury: 0.025 mg/l) and were higher than the allowable level of heavy metals for the Industrial Effluent Standard in Thailand. The direct discharge of untreated leachate into inland water will cause considerable water pollution in the study area. Composite air samples in this study area were collected during the rainy and dry seasons and were analyzed for methane (CH sub(4)), carbon dioxide (CO sub(2)), carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO sub(2)), nitrogen dioxide (NO sub(2)) and suspended particulate matter (SPM). The average concentration of SPM ranged between 0.1-0.36 mg/m super(3) for 24-hour average, depending upon the season. The level of CH sub(4) and CO sub(2) in the ambient air of the study area were found to be 3.48-65.71 mg/m super(3) and 886-1758 mg/m super(3) respectively which were much higher than the normal concentration of CH sub(4) and CO sub(2) in the air (CH sub(4): 2.41 mg/m super(3); CO sub(2):585 mg /m super(3)). Hence, adverse health and environmental effects could be expected from water and air pollution. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Muttamara, S AU - Leong, ST AD - Environ. Eng. Prog., Sch. Environ., Resour. and Dev., Asian Inst. Technol., G.P.O. Box Klong Luang, Pattrumthani 12170, Thailand Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1 EP - 24 VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Water sampling KW - Heavy metals KW - Freshwater KW - Solid wastes KW - Sewage disposal KW - Waste dumps KW - Waste disposal sites KW - Environmental effects KW - Air sampling KW - Outfall KW - Seasonal variations KW - Methane KW - Environmental impact KW - Chemical oxygen demand KW - Suspended particulate matter KW - Outfalls KW - Thailand, Bangkok, Khlong Song Hong R. KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Leachates KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16323331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Environmental+monitoring+and+impact+assessment+of+a+solid+waste+disposal+site&rft.au=Muttamara%2C+S%3BLeong%2C+ST&rft.aulast=Muttamara&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Methane; Pollution monitoring; Water sampling; Heavy metals; Environmental impact; Chemical oxygen demand; Suspended particulate matter; Solid wastes; Sewage disposal; Outfalls; Waste disposal sites; Air sampling; Environmental effects; Carbon dioxide; Seasonal variations; Leachates; Waste dumps; Outfall; Thailand, Bangkok, Khlong Song Hong R.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Shewanella gelidimarina sp. nov. and Shewanella frigidimarina sp. nov., novel Antarctic species with the ability to produce eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 omega 3) and grow anaerobically by dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction AN - 16293490; 4229377 AB - A polyphasic taxonomic study was performed to characterize dissimilatory iron-reducing strains mostly isolated from Antarctic sea ice. The strains were isolated from samples of congelated (land-fast) sea ice, grease ice, and ice algal biomass collected from the coastal areas of the Vestfold Hills in eastern Antarctica (68 degree S 78 degree E). The strains were facultatively anaerobic, motile, and rod shaped, were capable of anaerobic growth either by fermentation of carbohydrates or by anaerobic respiration, and utilized a variety of electron acceptors, including nitrate, ferric compounds, and trimethylamine N-oxide. A phylogenetic analysis performed with 16S rRNA sequences showed that the isolates formed two groups representing novel lineages in the genus Shewanella. The first novel group included seawater-requiring, psychrophilic, chitinolytic strains which had DNA G+C contents of 48 mol%. The members of the second strain group were psychrotrophic and did not require seawater but could tolerate up to 9% NaCl. The strains of this group were also unable to degrade polysaccharides but could utilize a number of monosaccharides and disaccharides and had G+C contents of 40 to 43 mol%. The whole-cell-derived fatty acid profiles of the sea ice isolates were found to be similar to the profiles obtained for other Shewanella species. The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (20:5 omega 3) was detected in all of the sea ice isolates at levels ranging from 2 to 16% of the total fatty acids. EPA was also found at high levels in Shewanella hanedai (19 to 22%) and Shewanella benthica (16 to 18%) but was absent in Shewanella alga and Shewanella putrefaciens. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic data, the Antarctic iron-reducing strains are placed in two new species, Shewanella frigidimarina sp. nov. (type strain, ACAM 591) and Shewanella gelidimarina sp. nov. (type strain, ACAM 456). JF - International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology AU - Bowman, J P AU - McCammon, SA AU - Nichols, D S AU - Skerratt, J H AU - Rea, S M AU - Nichols, P D AU - McMeekin, T A AD - Antarctic CRC, Univ. Tasmania, GPO Box 252-80, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1040 EP - 1047 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0020-7713, 0020-7713 KW - Antarctica KW - Bacteria KW - Taxonomy KW - anaerobic bacteria KW - eicosapentaenoic acid KW - new species KW - taxonomy KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Marine KW - PSE, Antarctica, Princess Elizabeth Land, Vestfold Hills KW - Shewanella gelidimarina KW - Shewanella frigidimarina KW - Polyunsaturated fatty acids KW - New species KW - Q1 08203:Taxonomy and morphology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16293490?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Shewanella+gelidimarina+sp.+nov.+and+Shewanella+frigidimarina+sp.+nov.%2C+novel+Antarctic+species+with+the+ability+to+produce+eicosapentaenoic+acid+%2820%3A5+omega+3%29+and+grow+anaerobically+by+dissimilatory+Fe%28III%29+reduction&rft.au=Bowman%2C+J+P%3BMcCammon%2C+SA%3BNichols%2C+D+S%3BSkerratt%2C+J+H%3BRea%2C+S+M%3BNichols%2C+P+D%3BMcMeekin%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Bowman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1040&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00207713&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Polyunsaturated fatty acids; New species; Shewanella gelidimarina; Shewanella frigidimarina; PSE, Antarctica, Princess Elizabeth Land, Vestfold Hills; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Raves, drugs and experience: Drug use by a sample of people who attend raves in Western Australia AN - 16266441; 4253181 AB - Aims. To investigate the patterns of drug use among a sample of people in the rave scene in Perth, Western Australia and test the hypothesis that those who were less experienced in their drug use had less drug-related knowledge. Design. Respondents were recruited through flyers in cafes, clothing and music stores and through snowballing. Setting. Respondents were interviewed in cafes or restaurants, private dwellings, agencies or other public spaces. Participants. Eighty-three people who had been to a rave in the prior 6 months. Their mean age was 18.9 years (range 13-48) and 53% were male. Measurements. Brief history of drug use, HIV risk behaviour, knowledge of drug-related harm and side effects experienced from drugs. Findings. The group was unremarkable apart from their drug use. Ninety per cent of respondents had ever used LSD, 76% had used ecstasy and 69% had used amphetamines. Before, during or after the last rave attended 52% used cannabis and 35% had used each of amphetamines and LSD. Those who were less experienced in their drug use had less knowledge about drugs. Many respondents began using 'dance drugs' while they were still at school. Conclusions. Those with less drug-using experience may have less drug-related knowledge and may be at greater risk of harm. Strategies should be implemented which involve people in the scene, promoters, health workers and the authorities to reduce drug-related harm associated with raves and other dance events. JF - Addiction AU - Lenton, S AU - Boys, A AU - Norcross, K AD - Natl. Cent. for Res. into Prev. Drug Abuse, Curtin Univ. Technol., GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1327 EP - 1337 VL - 92 IS - 10 SN - 0965-2140, 0965-2140 KW - raves KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16266441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Addiction&rft.atitle=Raves%2C+drugs+and+experience%3A+Drug+use+by+a+sample+of+people+who+attend+raves+in+Western+Australia&rft.au=Lenton%2C+S%3BBoys%2C+A%3BNorcross%2C+K&rft.aulast=Lenton&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Addiction&rft.issn=09652140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aeromonas spp. possess at least two distinct type IV pilus families AN - 16232313; 4227270 AB - Type IV pili have been purified from strains of most of the Aeromonas species associated with gastroenteritis (A. veronii biovar sobria, A. hydrophila, A. trota and A. caviae). They appear to be a related family (molecular of mass of pilin 19 to 23 kDa) with a tendency to bundle-formation. Hence, we have designated them 'bundle-forming pili' (Bfp). A type IV pilus biogenesis gene cluster (tapABCD) recently cloned from a strain of A. hydrophila, however, encoded a 17 kDa pilin which differed significantly in its N-terminal amino acid sequence from the Bfp pilins. This paper describes the cloning of part (tapA and similar to 20% of tapB) of a homologous pilin gene cluster from a Bfp-positive strain of A. veronii biovar sobria, and presents evidence that the entire pilin gene cluster (tapABCD) is present in this strain. The predicted N-terminal amino acid sequence of the pilin encoded by the A. veronii biovar sobria tapA differed markedly from the corresponding sequence of its Bfp pilin, and those of the Bfp purified from other Aeromonas strains and species. Probing with tapA and tapD genes showed that these Bfp-positive Aeromonas strains also possessed the Tap gene cluster. TapA proteins of A. veronii biovar sobria and A. hydrophila shared 53% identity and 63% homology. We conclude that Aeromonas species are potentially able to express at least two distinct families of type IV pili (Bfp and Tap). JF - Microbial Pathogenesis AU - Barnett, T C AU - Kirov, S M AU - Strom AU - Sanderson, K AD - Div. Pathol., Univ. Tasmania, GPO 52-29, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 241 EP - 248 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0882-4010, 0882-4010 KW - TapA protein KW - amino acid sequence KW - gastroenteritis KW - pili KW - pilin KW - tapA gene KW - tapB gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02721:Cell cycle, morphology and motility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16232313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.atitle=Aeromonas+spp.+possess+at+least+two+distinct+type+IV+pilus+families&rft.au=Barnett%2C+T+C%3BKirov%2C+S+M%3BStrom%3BSanderson%2C+K&rft.aulast=Barnett&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.issn=08824010&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The significance of drained fish ponds for wintering waterbirds at the Mai Po Marshes, Hong Kong AN - 16219952; 4219437 AB - The wetland around Mai Po and Inner Deep Bay is the largest in Hong Kong and is a mosaic of mudflats, traditional shrimp ponds and fish ponds. Because of the large number of wintering waterbirds at the site (68,000 in 1995-1996), a 1500-ha area has been listed as a Wetland of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention. This study aims to assess the importance of fish ponds as a waterbird feeding habitat, especially when the ponds are drained in winter for harvesting. The waterbirds focused on were the endangered Black-faced Spoonbill Platalea minor (Collar et al. 1994), Little Egret Egretta garzetta, Great Egret Egretta alba and Grey Heron Ardea cinerea. To assess the relative importance of draining ponds for target waterbirds, the number of birds using the ponds was compared with the total number wintering in Deep Bay. JF - Ibis AU - Young, L AU - Chan, G AD - WWF Hong Kong, GPO Box 12721, Central, Hong Kong Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 694 EP - 698 VL - 139 IS - 4 SN - 0019-1019, 0019-1019 KW - Flamingos KW - Herons KW - Hong Kong KW - Ibises KW - Storks KW - abundance KW - endangered species KW - feeding grounds KW - fish ponds KW - habitat utilization KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Overwintering KW - Brackish KW - Habitat improvement (physical) KW - Rare species KW - Freshwater KW - Habitat selection KW - ISEW, Hong Kong, New Terr., Deep Bay KW - ISEW, China, People's Rep., Guangdong Prov., Deep Bay KW - Migratory species KW - ISEW, Hong Kong, New Terr., Mai Po Marshes KW - Wetlands KW - Ciconiiformes KW - Fish ponds KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16219952?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ibis&rft.atitle=The+significance+of+drained+fish+ponds+for+wintering+waterbirds+at+the+Mai+Po+Marshes%2C+Hong+Kong&rft.au=Young%2C+L%3BChan%2C+G&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=694&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ibis&rft.issn=00191019&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Migratory species; Overwintering; Wetlands; Habitat improvement (physical); Rare species; Habitat selection; Fish ponds; Ciconiiformes; ISEW, Hong Kong, New Terr., Deep Bay; ISEW, China, People's Rep., Guangdong Prov., Deep Bay; ISEW, Hong Kong, New Terr., Mai Po Marshes; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phenotypic and genotypic changes in Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal AN - 16109181; 4211136 AB - To find reasons for the recent decline of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal cholera in Bangladesh, phenotypic and genotypic changes in O139 isolates obtained from patients with cholera from 1993 to 1996 were studied. The isolates were tested for the presence of ctx and tcpA genes, hemagglutinin/protease (HA/P), capsule, D-mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MSHA), L-fucose-sensitive hemagglutinin (FSHA), tube test (tube) and CAMP test (CAMP) hemolytic activities, resistance to 2,4-diamino-6,7-diisopropyl pteridine (O/129) and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), and genotype by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). All isolates possessed ctx and tcpA genes, HA/P, and a capsule. Most isolates were negative for FSHA, but although the majority of the isolates were positive for MSHA, no discernible trend in the activity was found during the study period. All early isolates were CAMP hemolysin positive and resistant to the vibriostatic compound O/129 and TMP-SMX, the two properties that could be used for the presumptive diagnosis of O139 cholera. However, subsequently, isolates that were CAMP hemolysin negative and susceptible to TMP-SMX and O/129 were increasingly encountered, with all the 1996 isolates being so, which suggested that these properties can no longer be used for the presumptive diagnosis of O139 cholera. V. cholerae O139 isolates that were CAMP hemolysin positive and resistant to O/129 and TMP-SMX produced a disease of greater severity than that caused by the CAMP hemolysin-negative and susceptible isolates on the basis of the lengths of stay of the hospitalized patients. The study period witnessed the evolution of four different genotypes by PFGE. All of these data suggested that the V. cholerae O139 isolates have undergone changes in some properties. However, how these changes influenced their prevalence relative to that of V. cholerae O1 in human infection is not clear. Studies of the environmental factors will provide the key for an understanding of the relative abundance of these vibrios. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Albert, MJ AU - Bhuiyan, NA AU - Talukder, KA AU - Faruque, ASG AU - Nahar, S AU - Faruque, S M AU - Ansaruzzaman, M AU - Rahman, M AD - Lab. Sci. Div., ICDDR,B, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 2588 EP - 2592 VL - 35 IS - 10 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - ctx gene KW - tcpA gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - pulsed-field gel electrophoresis KW - phenotyping KW - hemolysins KW - cholera KW - Vibrio cholerae KW - drug resistance KW - capsules KW - genotyping KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16109181?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Phenotypic+and+genotypic+changes+in+Vibrio+cholerae+O139+Bengal&rft.au=Albert%2C+MJ%3BBhuiyan%2C+NA%3BTalukder%2C+KA%3BFaruque%2C+ASG%3BNahar%2C+S%3BFaruque%2C+S+M%3BAnsaruzzaman%2C+M%3BRahman%2C+M&rft.aulast=Albert&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2588&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vibrio cholerae; genotyping; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; phenotyping; capsules; drug resistance; hemolysins; cholera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of lorazepam on long-term verbal recall in heavy and light social drinkers AN - 16101360; 4205962 AB - Two experiments investigated long-term verbal memory performance in groups of 20-year-old heavy (HSDs) and light social drinkers (LSDs), in the presence and absence of a pharmacological challenge (lorazepam 2 mg). In Experiment 1, a verbal learning task was presented visually and it was found that lorazepam significantly impaired delayed verbal recall performance in both groups. Experiment 2 assessed the effect of presenting the verbal learning task in the auditory compared to the visual modality. Both groups' performance on the delayed trials of the visually presented task was reduced in the lorazepam treatment. However, in the auditory presented task, lorazepam reduced 30-min delayed recall performance in the HSDs but not in the LSDs. The differential effect of lorazepam on HSDs compared to LSDs on delayed recall performance when material is presented in the auditory modality may suggest that frequent heavy social drinking results in changes in CNS functioning. JF - Alcohol AU - Nichols, J M AU - Martin, F AD - Department of Psychology, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252C, Hobart, Tasmania, 7005, Australia Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 455 EP - 461 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 0741-8329, 0741-8329 KW - ethanol KW - lorazepam KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - auditory discrimination learning KW - visual discrimination learning KW - central nervous system KW - learning behavior KW - memory KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16101360?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+lorazepam+on+long-term+verbal+recall+in+heavy+and+light+social+drinkers&rft.au=Nichols%2C+J+M%3BMartin%2C+F&rft.aulast=Nichols&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol&rft.issn=07418329&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - memory; learning behavior; auditory discrimination learning; visual discrimination learning; central nervous system ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thyroid Hormones and Cytogenetic Outcomes in Backpack Sprayers Using Ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (EBDC) Fungicides in Mexico AN - 14472669; 10544853 AB - Using Mexican backpack sprayers applying ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (EBDC) fungicides to tomatoes, a group of lesser exposed landowners, and a nonexposed population, the possible cytogenetic and thyrotoxic effects of EBDC fungicides were investigated. The biological sampling protocol is outlined. Results found that urinary ethylene thiourea levels clearly distinguished between the three exposure groups. Age-adjusted thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were significantly increased in the applicators compared to controls and were nonsignificantly increased compared to the landowners, suggesting a dose response. No significant effects were found in terms of thyroxine levels. In addition, applicators exhibited significantly increased sister chromatid exchanges, and chromosome translocations were significantly elevated in both applicators and landowners. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Steenland, Kyle AU - Cedillo, Leonor AU - Tucker, James AU - Hines, Cynthia AU - Sorensen, Karen AU - Deddens, James AU - Cruz, Veronica Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1126 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - FUNGICIDE DAMAGE KW - CYTOTOXICITY KW - HORMONAL EFFECTS KW - MEXICO KW - PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HUMAN KW - THIOCARBAMATES KW - THYROID FUNCTION KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14472669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Thyroid+Hormones+and+Cytogenetic+Outcomes+in+Backpack+Sprayers+Using+Ethylenebis%28dithiocarbamate%29+%28EBDC%29+Fungicides+in+Mexico&rft.au=Steenland%2C+Kyle%3BCedillo%2C+Leonor%3BTucker%2C+James%3BHines%2C+Cynthia%3BSorensen%2C+Karen%3BDeddens%2C+James%3BCruz%2C+Veronica&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1126&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - CYTOTOXICITY; FUNGICIDE DAMAGE; MEXICO; PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HUMAN; HORMONAL EFFECTS; THYROID FUNCTION; THIOCARBAMATES ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative StructureActivity Relationships (QSARs) for Estrogen Binding to the Estrogen Receptor: Predictions Across Species AN - 14472638; 10544852 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Tong, Weida AU - Perkins, Roger AU - Strelitz, Richard AU - Collantes, Elizabeth R AU - Keenan, Susan AU - Welsh, William J AU - Branham, William S Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1116 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - SPECIES COMPARISONS KW - HORMONAL EFFECTS KW - QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATION KW - MATHEMATIC MODELS, BIOLOGICAL KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14472638?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Quantitative+Structure%26lt%3BND%26gt%3BActivity+Relationships+%28QSARs%29+for+Estrogen+Binding+to+the+Estrogen+Receptor%3A+Predictions+Across+Species&rft.au=Tong%2C+Weida%3BPerkins%2C+Roger%3BStrelitz%2C+Richard%3BCollantes%2C+Elizabeth+R%3BKeenan%2C+Susan%3BWelsh%2C+William+J%3BBranham%2C+William+S&rft.aulast=Tong&rft.aufirst=Weida&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1116&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 3 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - SPECIES COMPARISONS; HORMONAL EFFECTS; QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATION; MATHEMATIC MODELS, BIOLOGICAL ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cadmium Burden of Men and Women Who Report Regular Consumption of Confectionery Sunflower Kernels Containing a Natural Abundance of Cadmium AN - 14471738; 10544850 AB - WHO recommendations cite a provisional tolerable weekly intake of 490 mu g of cadmium for a person weighing 70 kg. A consistent intake of 1 oz of sunflower kernels can increase the average consumption of Cd to about 235 mu g/week. In North Dakota and Minnesota, the impact of the consumption of confectionery sunflower kernels on the Cd burden in recruited men and women was studied. The subjects were divided into two categories: those who reported consuming 1 oz of the kernels/week over the past year, and those who had consumed less than 1 oz. Dietary Cd intake was determined by data-base calculations of the Cd content of foods reported by individuals in a 7-d food diary. Results showed that women who consumed more than 1 oz of sunflower kernel/week had Cd intakes not significantly different than controls. In men, however, the Cd intakes were nearly twice as high as the controls. The amount of Cd in whole blood or red blood cells did not appear to be affected by Cd intake, nor did the urinary excretion of Cd. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Reeves, Philip G AU - Vanderpool, Richard A Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1098 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - CADMIUM KW - BIOACCUMULATION, PLANT KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - FOOD CONTAMINATION KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14471738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Cadmium+Burden+of+Men+and+Women+Who+Report+Regular+Consumption+of+Confectionery+Sunflower+Kernels+Containing+a+Natural+Abundance+of+Cadmium&rft.au=Reeves%2C+Philip+G%3BVanderpool%2C+Richard+A&rft.aulast=Reeves&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1098&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 8 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - CADMIUM; BIOACCUMULATION, PLANT; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN; FOOD CONTAMINATION ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Children with Moderately Elevated Blood Lead Levels: A Role for Other Diagnostic Tests? AN - 14470769; 10544848 AB - Results are presented from a study that examined the potential limitations of relying exclusively on blood lead levels to determine the need for chelation therapy in children with moderately elevated blood Pb levels. An attempt was made to define subgroups of exposed children by combining measures of Pb exposure, erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and drug-responsiveness. The assessment was made by analyzing data obtained from children who had completed the Pb mobilization test in the Bronx and lower Westchester County, NY. Results showed that, in children with moderately elevated blood Pb levels, the toxicity and complete blood count indices were useful adjuncts in predicting the responsiveness of chelation therapy. Children with either an erythrocyte protoporphyrin level of less than 0.62 mu mol/l, mean corpuscular hemoglobin less than 23 pg, mean corpuscular volume less than 70 fl, or hemoglobin less than 106 g/l were found to be less likely to respond to drug treatment. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Markowitz, Morri E AU - Clemente, Isabella AU - Rosen, John F Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1084 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - MEASUREMENTS AND SENSING KW - PATHOLOGY, CHILDREN KW - BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS KW - BLOOD LEAD LEVEL KW - CHELATING AGENTS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14470769?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Children+with+Moderately+Elevated+Blood+Lead+Levels%3A+A+Role+for+Other+Diagnostic+Tests%3F&rft.au=Markowitz%2C+Morri+E%3BClemente%2C+Isabella%3BRosen%2C+John+F&rft.aulast=Markowitz&rft.aufirst=Morri&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1084&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 2 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - MEASUREMENTS AND SENSING; BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS; PATHOLOGY, CHILDREN; BLOOD LEAD LEVEL; CHELATING AGENTS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavioral Changes Following Participation in a Home Health Promotional Program in King County, Washington AN - 14470660; 10544854 AB - As part of the Master Home Environmentalist program in Seattle, WA, residential walk-through environmental surveys were conducted to assess exposure to residential pollutants and methods of controlling exposure. Results are presented from an examination of the behavioral changes of the residents who had participated in the program. Of the 36 households who participated, 31 made at least one change, with an average of 3.1 changes/household. The five most-implemented actions were: using fans or opening windows when the bathroom was in use; increasing the frequency of cleaning and/or vacuuming; opening windows whenever weather permitted; covering pillows and/or mattresses with plastic or cloth barriers; and removing shoes when entering the home. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Leung, Rainbow AU - Koenig, Jane Q AU - Simcox, Nancy AU - van Belle, Gerald AU - Fenske, Richard AU - Gilbert, Steven G Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1132 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - MITIGATIVE MEASURES KW - WASHINGTON STATE KW - BEHAVIOR KW - CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION CONTROL KW - SURVEYS KW - AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14470660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Behavioral+Changes+Following+Participation+in+a+Home+Health+Promotional+Program+in+King+County%2C+Washington&rft.au=Leung%2C+Rainbow%3BKoenig%2C+Jane+Q%3BSimcox%2C+Nancy%3Bvan+Belle%2C+Gerald%3BFenske%2C+Richard%3BGilbert%2C+Steven+G&rft.aulast=Leung&rft.aufirst=Rainbow&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1132&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 3 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - MITIGATIVE MEASURES; WASHINGTON STATE; AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR; CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION CONTROL; BEHAVIOR; SURVEYS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inorganic Arsenic: A Need and an Opportunity to Improve Risk Assessment AN - 14470615; 10544845 AB - Relatively high concentrations of inorganic arsenic in drinking water have been associated with disorders of the skin and cancers of the bladder, liver, lung, kidney, and colon. The issues central to risk assessment of As are outlined, including the regulatory procedures and default assumptions used for risk assessment. Considered are how US regulatory agencies estimate cancer risk and the limitations of information on As in terms of the biological mechanisms of As toxicity and the existing epidemiological studies. The recommendations of the As Task Force of the Society for Environmental Geochemistry and Health in support of risk assessment are summarized. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Chappell, W R AU - Beck, B D AU - Brown, K G AU - Chaney, R AU - Cothern, CRichard AU - Irgolic, K J AU - North, D W Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1060 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - RISK ASSESSMENT KW - CANCER RISK KW - ARSENIC KW - PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HUMAN KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14470615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Inorganic+Arsenic%3A+A+Need+and+an+Opportunity+to+Improve+Risk+Assessment&rft.au=Chappell%2C+W+R%3BBeck%2C+B+D%3BBrown%2C+K+G%3BChaney%2C+R%3BCothern%2C+CRichard%3BIrgolic%2C+K+J%3BNorth%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Chappell&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1060&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - RISK ASSESSMENT; CANCER RISK; PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HUMAN; ARSENIC ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Empirical Modeling of an in Vitro Activity of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners and Mixtures AN - 14469954; 10544851 AB - In an in vitro test system with different PCB congeners and PCB mixtures, the effects on protein kinase translocation were determined by measuring the radiolabeled phorbol ester binding in cerebellar granule cells. The data were interpreted using a nonlinear doseresponse exponential model, which allowed for the minimum level to be less than the control, a common slope, and an estimation of the log of the concentration that produced an activity 50% above the control activity for 36 congeners and three commercial PCB mixtures. The modeling protocol is detailed. Modeling results suggested that congeners with one, two, or three chlorine substitutions at the ortho position were more active than other congeners. More activity was also observed for congeners with log octanolwater partition coefficients ranging 5.26.6. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Svendsgaard, David J AU - Ward, Thomas R AU - Tilson, Hugh A AU - Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1106 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS KW - NEUROTOXICITY KW - CHEMICAL ANALYSIS KW - QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATION KW - MATHEMATIC MODELS, BIOLOGICAL KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14469954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Empirical+Modeling+of+an+in+Vitro+Activity+of+Polychlorinated+Biphenyl+Congeners+and+Mixtures&rft.au=Svendsgaard%2C+David+J%3BWard%2C+Thomas+R%3BTilson%2C+Hugh+A%3BKodavanti%2C+Prasada+Rao+S&rft.aulast=Svendsgaard&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1106&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - NEUROTOXICITY; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATION; MATHEMATIC MODELS, BIOLOGICAL ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Semi-Individual Study in Air Pollution Epidemiology: a Valid Design as Compared to Ecological Studies AN - 14469941; 10544847 AB - Given that epidemiologic studies evaluate causality only indirectly through proxy exposures of varying specificity, it becomes important to have specific guidelines to infer the causality. Since the controversial question of causal inference from epidemiologic studies that assess the impact of normal ambient air pollution is important in the policy and public-health arena, the definition of truly ecologic studies is defined, and the term, semi-individual study, is introduced for a widely used type of air-pollution study. In a semi-individual design, a broad range of individual-level data is available. This study type comprises individual-level air-pollution studies with ecologic-exposure assignment to more readily permit valid inference to individuals. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kunzli, Nino AU - Tager, Ira B Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1078 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - MEASUREMENTS AND SENSING KW - AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS KW - ECOLOGY, HUMAN KW - AIR POLLUTION RESEARCH KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14469941?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+Semi-Individual+Study+in+Air+Pollution+Epidemiology%3A+a+Valid+Design+as+Compared+to+Ecological+Studies&rft.au=Kunzli%2C+Nino%3BTager%2C+Ira+B&rft.aulast=Kunzli&rft.aufirst=Nino&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1078&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 2 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - MEASUREMENTS AND SENSING; AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS; ECOLOGY, HUMAN; AIR POLLUTION RESEARCH ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticides and Childhood Cancers AN - 14469903; 10544846 AB - While there have been a number of epidemiologic studies on the relationship between pesticide exposures and the risk of childhood cancer, the potential mechanisms remain speculative. The methods and results of published studies of occupational and residential pesticide use and the risk of these cancers are reviewed. The characteristics of the studies, which have considered cancers of the brain and central nervous system and leukemia, are tabulated. While many of the studies suggest an association between certain exposures and certain cancers, future epidemiologic research needs to incorporate methodologic improvements, which are discussed, in order to confirm and further define any associations. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Daniels, Julie L AU - Olshan, Andrew F AU - Savitz, David A Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1068 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - CANCER RISK KW - PATHOLOGY, CHILDREN KW - PESTICIDE USAGE, RESIDENTIAL KW - PESTICIDE EXPOSURE KW - LITERATURE SURVEYS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14469903?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Pesticides+and+Childhood+Cancers&rft.au=Daniels%2C+Julie+L%3BOlshan%2C+Andrew+F%3BSavitz%2C+David+A&rft.aulast=Daniels&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1068&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 4 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - CANCER RISK; PESTICIDE USAGE, RESIDENTIAL; PATHOLOGY, CHILDREN; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; LITERATURE SURVEYS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hair Analysis Does Not Support Hypothesized Arsenic and Chromium Exposure from Drinking Water in Woburn, Massachusetts AN - 14469658; 10544849 AB - Elevated levels of arsenic and chromium have been detected in two municipal drinking-water wells in Woburn, MA. Results are presented from a study that compared As and Cr concentrations in hair samples of residents with estimates of each donor's access to water from the two impacted wells. A model of the Woburn water-distribution system was used to estimate access to the wells. The arithmetic mean concentrations of As and Cr in the hair of residents who did not have access to water from the two wells were 0.22 and 2.82 mu g/g, respectively, while those in residents with access were 0.21 and 2.80 mu g/g, respectively. The possible causes of these findings are elucidated and examined. Even though elevated concentrations were not observed in the study, As concentrations in the hair samples were found to have changed over time, decreasing over the past 50 yr. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Rogers, Catriona E AU - Tomita, Aoy V AU - Trowbridge, Philip R AU - Gone, Jec-Kong AU - Chen, Jia AU - Zeeb, Peter AU - Hemond, Harold F Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1090 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - CHROMIUM KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - WATER POLLUTION INDICATORS KW - HAIR KW - ARSENIC KW - MASSACHUSETTS KW - WATER, DRINKING KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14469658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Hair+Analysis+Does+Not+Support+Hypothesized+Arsenic+and+Chromium+Exposure+from+Drinking+Water+in+Woburn%2C+Massachusetts&rft.au=Rogers%2C+Catriona+E%3BTomita%2C+Aoy+V%3BTrowbridge%2C+Philip+R%3BGone%2C+Jec-Kong%3BChen%2C+Jia%3BZeeb%2C+Peter%3BHemond%2C+Harold+F&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Catriona&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1090&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 6 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - CHROMIUM; ARSENIC; MASSACHUSETTS; WATER, DRINKING; WATER POLLUTION INDICATORS; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN; HAIR ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reproductive Toxins and Alligator Abnormalities at Lake Apopka, Florida AN - 14469262; 10544844 AB - During a review of sampling reports and inventory documents for Lake Apopka, FL, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention became aware of two other reproductive toxins in alligators other than DDT. These were the nematocides, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane and ethylene dibromide. The historical monitoring records regarding these toxins are analyzed, showing that the complex exposure scenario presented at the lake cannot be reconstructed with certainty. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Semenza, Jan C AU - Tolbert, Paige E AU - Rubin, Carol H AU - Guillette, Louis J AU - Jackson, Richard J Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1030 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - LAKES KW - NEMATOCIDE RESIDUES KW - FLORIDA KW - ALLIGATORS KW - REPRODUCTION, ANIMAL KW - WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14469262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Reproductive+Toxins+and+Alligator+Abnormalities+at+Lake+Apopka%2C+Florida&rft.au=Semenza%2C+Jan+C%3BTolbert%2C+Paige+E%3BRubin%2C+Carol+H%3BGuillette%2C+Louis+J%3BJackson%2C+Richard+J&rft.aulast=Semenza&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1030&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t maps N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - LAKES; NEMATOCIDE RESIDUES; REPRODUCTION, ANIMAL; ALLIGATORS; FLORIDA; WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS ER - TY - GEN T1 - Moderator's Guide To Eighth-Grade Mathematics Lessons: United States, Japan, and Germany. TIMSS as a Starting Point To Examine Teaching. AN - 62616654; ED410125 AB - This teaching module with its 80-minute videotape of lessons from U.S., Japanese, and German classrooms is designed to help moderators facilitate discussion among educators. This guide is intended to help moderators make appropriate decisions about sessions and suggest items to consider when discussing the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) videotape, "Eighth-Grade Mathematics Lessons: United States, Japan, and Germany". The guide is organized into sections on: (1) preparation for sessions to discuss the TIMSS videotape; (2) descriptions of six algebra and geometry lessons from the U.S., Japan, and Germany that appear on the videotape; (3) research methods and findings from the TIMSS videotape classroom study; (4) background information on education in the U.S., Japan, and Germany; (5) frequently asked questions and answers; (6) handout/transparency masters; (7) lesson tables; and (8) lesson transcripts. (AIM) Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 202 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402 (stock no. GPO-065-000-01025-9: VHS Videotape, $20). KW - Germany KW - Japan KW - Third International Mathematics and Science Study KW - United States KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Science Education KW - Area Studies KW - Elementary Education KW - Mathematics Instruction KW - Mathematics Achievement KW - Junior High Schools KW - Videotape Recordings KW - Standardized Tests KW - Middle Schools KW - Mathematics Education KW - Grade 8 KW - Comparative Analysis KW - International Studies KW - Algebra KW - Foreign Countries KW - Mathematics Curriculum KW - Geometry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62616654?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Also included as a component of the multimedia res N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - NHES:91/93/95/96 Electronic CodeBook (ECB) User's Guide. National Household Education Survey. AN - 62552011; ED412282 AB - The National Household Education Survey (NHES) is a random digit dial telephone survey of households developed by the National Center for Education Statistics. It has been conducted in 1991, 1993, 1995, and 1996, with varying components each year. The NHES 91/93/95/96 CD-ROM contains an electronic codebook (ECB) program that, after being installed on a personal computer, allows the user to examine the variables in each of the NHES data sets as well as create Statistical Analysis System (SAS) or Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) programs to generate an extract data file for any of the NHES data files on the CD-ROM. The files include the 1991 and 1995 Adult Education files, the primary and preprimary education files from 1991, the school readiness and school safety files from 1993, the 1995 early childhood program participation file, and the 1996 household and library, parent and family involvement in education and civic involvement, youth civic involvement, and adult civic involvement files. The ECB is a DOS-based program for IBM-compatible personal computers. Sections describe its contents and use, focusing on what can be done with the ECB and how to do it. Emphasis is on extracting information from the files. Eight appendixes provide specific use information and samples, including SAS and SPSS samples. (SLD) AU - Collins, Mary A. AU - Chandler, Kathryn Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 94 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160492025 KW - Data Files KW - National Household Education Survey KW - Random Digit Dialing KW - User Guides KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Coding KW - Research Methodology KW - Response Rates (Questionnaires) KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Early Childhood Education KW - School Safety KW - National Surveys KW - Adults KW - Children KW - Citizen Participation KW - Attitudes KW - Parent Participation KW - Data Collection KW - Sampling KW - Sample Size KW - Data Analysis KW - School Readiness KW - Adult Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62552011?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - The Social Context of Education. Findings from "The Condition of Education, 1997," No. 10. AN - 62551820; ED413396 AB - Data from "The Condition of Education, 1997" are used to show how changes over time in the composition of students in terms of factors such as student English language proficiency, family income, parents' education, and family structure affect the social context of education. This report traces associations between these student-level social factors and different indicators of educational access and progress. For each factor, the report shows changes over time and how the factor affects various racial and ethnic groups. The following factors are considered: (1) student background; (2) changes in the social background of children; (3) the social context of public schools; (4) learning environment in high and low poverty schools; and (5) resource equity across high and low poverty schools. Findings indicate: the structure of families is shifting away from the two-parent family, and the percentage of children of minority background is increasing, as is the percentage of children who have difficulty speaking English; median family income has been relatively stagnant over the past 25 years, and the poverty rate has changed very little; and Black and Hispanic children are still more likely to live in poverty, and to attend schools with a high level of poverty. On the positive side, more children live in home with more educated parents than a few decades ago, and parent education level is a strong predictor of student achievement. Changes in social context present challenges schools must address to enhance their effectiveness and ensure educational progress. (Contains nine figures and seven tables.) (SLD) AU - Young, Beth Aronstamm AU - Smith, Thomas M. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 44 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-97-981 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Parent Education KW - Social Influences KW - Low Income Groups KW - Context Effect KW - Language Proficiency KW - Access to Education KW - Student Characteristics KW - Social Change KW - Family Structure KW - Educational Indicators KW - Academic Achievement KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Educational Trends KW - Higher Education KW - Minority Groups KW - Trend Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62551820?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For "The Condition of Education, 1997," see ED 404 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Public and Private Schools: How Do They Differ? Findings from "The Condition of Education, 1997," No. 12. AN - 62546956; ED411593 AB - Because private schools are often perceived to be more successful in teaching students, many reform proposals for public schools have looked to the private sector for models to emulate. This booklet contains national data that compare public and private schools along a number of important dimensions. The discussion begins with an examination of two fundamental differences between public and private schools: their sources of support and the role of choice in determining where students go to school. Next is a description of the characteristics of teachers and students and how they differ in the public and private sectors. Following that is a comparison of selected aspects of the organization and management of public and private schools, including school and class size and who makes policy decisions for the school and classroom. Next, the varying circumstances under which teaching and learning take place in public and private schools (the school climate) are examined. The final sections describe differences in academic programs and support services. Although there is much variation within each sector, aggregate data show that public school students present their schools with greater challenges than do their private school counterparts. Overall, teachers in public schools are more likely than their private school counterparts to have certain attributes that are thought to contribute to effective teaching. Public school teachers earn more and receive more benefits. Despite poorer pay, private school teachers as a group are more satisfied than public school teachers with their jobs. Finally, private school students take more advanced courses than do public high school students. Eight figures and 16 tables are included. (Contains 25 references). (LMI) AU - Choy, Susan P. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 45 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328 SN - 0160492211 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - School Support KW - Academic Achievement KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - National Surveys KW - Tuition KW - Teacher Salaries KW - Professional Autonomy KW - Public Schools KW - Services KW - Racial Distribution KW - School Organization KW - School Choice KW - School Size KW - Organizational Climate KW - Teacher Qualifications KW - Private Schools KW - Class Size UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62546956?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For "The Condition of Education, 1997," see ED 404 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Degrees and Other Awards Conferred by Institutions of Higher Education: 1994-95. E.D.Tabs. AN - 62546174; ED412860 AB - This report presents data on the degrees conferred by the nation's accredited institutions of higher education. The report is based on the 1994-95 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System's "Completion" survey of approximately 3,500 institutions within the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Highlights of the report include: 2.2 million degrees were awarded during the year (an increase of 0.5 percent over the previous year) of which 52.3 percent were bachelor's degrees; the majority of degrees were awarded by public institutions; the majority of degrees awarded at the master's level and below were to women; three-quarters of all degrees were awarded to white students, 17.2 percent to minority students, and 7.8 percent to nonresident aliens (although nonresident aliens received 25 percent of all doctoral degrees); the share of degrees awarded to minorities was highest at the associate degree level and dropped at each successive degree level; and over 19 percent of first-professional degrees were awarded to minorities; almost one-fifth of all bachelor's degrees were in business management/administrative services; degrees in math and science comprised only 2.8 percent at the bachelor's level, but over 20 percent at the doctoral level. A glossary is included. (DB) AU - Morgan, Frank B. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 91 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160492335 KW - Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Masters Degrees KW - Majors (Students) KW - Higher Education KW - National Surveys KW - Associate Degrees KW - Foreign Students KW - Degrees (Academic) KW - Minority Groups KW - Bachelors Degrees KW - Sex Differences KW - Doctoral Degrees KW - Data Collection KW - Tables (Data) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62546174?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For the previous 1993-94 report, see ED 397 761. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Current Funds Revenues and Expenditures of Institutions of Higher Education: Fiscal Years 1987 through 1995. E.D. Tabs. AN - 62545401; ED412817 AB - This report presents revenue and expenditure data for accredited college-level institutions of higher education in the 50 states and the District of Columbia for fiscal years 1987-1995. Data is based on the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) Finance survey. Revenue data for both private and public institutions include source of revenue, such as tuition and fees, and state appropriations. Expenditure data cover instruction, research, and public service; there are separate schedules for salary and scholarship/grant data. Highlights of the report include the following: (1) in fiscal year 1995 the largest source of revenue for state institutions was state appropriations; tuition and fees were the second largest; (2) increases in both revenues and expenditures have outpaced inflation for both public and private institutions; (3) public institutions allocate approximately one-third of expenditures for instruction and 10 percent for research, while private institutions allocate about 27 percent of expenditures to instruction and less than 8 percent to research; (4) both public and private two-year institutions receive a higher percentage of revenue from tuition and fees than four-year institutions; and (5) distribution of expenditures for public four-year institutions does not appear to be a function of state location. Appended to the report are a glossary and a section on survey methodology. (CH) AU - Barbett, Samuel AU - Korb, Roslun A. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 63 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160492092 KW - Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Two Year Colleges KW - Salaries KW - Scholarships KW - Educational Finance KW - Resource Allocation KW - Public Colleges KW - Private Colleges KW - School Funds KW - Inflation (Economics) KW - Higher Education KW - Instructional Student Costs KW - Operating Expenses KW - State Aid KW - Income KW - Expenditures KW - Categorical Aid KW - Noninstructional Student Costs KW - Statistical Surveys KW - Trend Analysis KW - State Colleges UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62545401?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For 1986-1994 report, see ED 399 899. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Postsecondary Persistence and Attainment. Findings from "The Condition of Education, 1997," No. 13. AN - 62544773; ED412859 AB - This booklet summarizes data on the persistence and attainment outcomes of students in postsecondary education and the enrollment factors related to these outcomes. The primary data describe students, as of 1994, who began their postsecondary education in the 1989-90 academic year. Additional data describe postsecondary education experiences of 1980 high school sophomores 10 years after their expected graduation and the experiences of 16- to 24-year-olds from the 1970s to the 1990s. Generally, the evidence suggests: that students who attend school part time and work full time are less likely to complete their degree in a timely fashion than full-time students; that students enrolling in a 4-year institution immediately following high school are more likely to attain a bachelor's degree within five years than students taking other routes; and that bachelor's degree seekers who did or did not receive financial aid persisted and attained at similar rates. The report's major findings are reported in sections on: postsecondary access, postsecondary outcomes, degree objective, type of institution, timing of enrollment, enrollment intensity and continuity, financial aid, and working while enrolled. (Contains 30 references.) (DB) AU - Cuccaro-Alamin, Stephanie Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 39 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 016049222X KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Student Employment KW - Two Year Colleges KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Access to Education KW - School Holding Power KW - Part Time Students KW - Academic Achievement KW - Higher Education KW - Outcomes of Education KW - Time to Degree KW - Student Financial Aid KW - Degrees (Academic) KW - Bachelors Degrees KW - Colleges KW - Academic Aspiration KW - Full Time Students KW - Enrollment KW - Community Colleges KW - College Outcomes Assessment KW - Academic Persistence KW - Student Educational Objectives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62544773?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For "The Condition of Education, 1997," see ED 404 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Characteristics and Attitudes of Instructional Faculty and Staff in the Humanities. 1993 National Study of Postsecondary Faculty (NSOPF-93). E.D. Tabs. AN - 62544332; ED412820 AB - The report focuses on the demographic characteristics, employment characteristics, workload, productivity, compensation, and attitudes of full-time instructional faculty teaching humanities at 4-year institutions of higher education in the fall of 1992. Data tables cover the humanities generally and specific program areas of English and literature, foreign languages, history, and philosophy and religion. Comparisons are made between humanities faculty and faculty in business, law, and communications; natural sciences and engineering; and social sciences and education. Among the highlights noted are the following: (1) faculty holding the rank of full professor varies by discipline; (2) while about one-half of faculty in English and foreign languages were female, only 24 percent in history and 13 percent in philosophy and religion were; (3) a higher percentage of faculty in humanities reported teaching as a principal activity than those in natural or social sciences and education; and (4) humanities faculty were more likely to report dissatisfaction with their workload than faculty business and communications, natural or social sciences, and education. Appendixes include technical notes, standard error tables, and the faculty questionnaire used.(CH) AU - Conley, Valerie M. AU - Zimbler, Linda J. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 145 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160492300 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Humanities Instruction KW - Compensation (Remuneration) KW - Full Time Faculty KW - Questionnaires KW - Faculty KW - Business Education KW - Teacher Attitudes KW - Higher Education KW - National Surveys KW - English Literature KW - Faculty Workload KW - Demography KW - Teacher Surveys KW - Comparative Analysis KW - Colleges KW - Statistical Analysis KW - History Instruction KW - Philosophy KW - Humanities KW - Educational Assessment KW - Attitude Measures KW - Productivity KW - Faculty College Relationship UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62544332?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Data File Users Manual. Volume IV. Youth Civic Involvement Data File. National Household Education Survey of 1996. User's Manual. AN - 62541635; ED411329 AB - The 1996 National Household Education Survey (NHES:96) was a random digit dial telephone survey of households developed by the National Center for Education Statistics and conducted by Westat, Inc. The 1996 NHES included two topical survey components: Parent and Family Involvement in Education and Civic Involvement. This manual provides documentation and guidance for users of the public release data file for the Youth Civic Involvement (CI) component of the 1996 NHES. Students in grades 6 though 12 responded to these CI items. The volume contains a description of the Youth CI data file and a discussion of data considerations and anomalies. This volume is meant to be read in conjunction with the "NHES:96 Data File User's Manual, Volume I," which contains more information about the entire study, its design, and implementation. The Youth CI data file contains data from all completed Youth CI interviews. Since there are 3 records for each youth interview, the file contains 24,129 records for the 8,043 cases. The file is organized so that logically related sets of variables are grouped together. Data files are listed as follows: (1) system variables; (2) household membership variables; (3) questionnaire item variables; (4) household characteristics variables; (5) derived variables; (6) weighting and variance estimation variables; and (7) imputation flag variables. Four appendixes contain the public file layout, the Statistical Analysis System code for creating derived variables, the codebook for the Youth CI file, and directions and sample codes for linking NHES:96 data files. (SLD) AU - Collins, Mary A. AU - Brick, Michael J. AU - Nolin, Mary Jo AU - Gilmore, Susan AU - Chandler, Kathryn AU - Chapman, Chris Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 145 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160491983 KW - Civic Values KW - Data Files KW - National Center for Education Statistics KW - National Household Education Survey KW - Weighting (Statistical) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Elementary School Students KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Secondary School Students KW - National Surveys KW - Citizenship Responsibility KW - Citizen Participation KW - User Needs (Information) KW - Telephone Surveys KW - Estimation (Mathematics) KW - Participation KW - Data Collection KW - Data Analysis KW - Youth KW - Family (Sociological Unit) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62541635?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - National Household Education Survey of 1996: Data File User's Manual, Volume I. AN - 62536992; ED412279 AB - The 1996 National Household Education Survey (NHES:96) was a random digit dial telephone survey of households that was developed by the National Center for Education Statistics and conducted by Westat, Inc. The NHES:96 included two topical survey components, "Parent and Family Involvement in Education," (PFI) which collected data about family involvement in children's schooling, and "Civic Involvement," (CI) which collected data about participation in civic activities and attitudes toward government. This manual provides documentation and guidance for users of the four public release data files of the NHES:96: the Household and Library File, the PFI and CI files, the Youth Civic Involvement file, and the Adult Civic Involvement File. Volume I contains information about the purpose of the study, the data collection instruments, the sample design, and data collection and data processing procedures. Volumes II through V each contain a guide to the data file and its codebook, a discussion of data considerations and anomalies, and, in appendixes, the file layout and additional information. This volume contains the following sections: (1) "Introduction"; (2) "Description of Data Collection Instruments"; (3) "Sample Design and Implementation"; (4) "Data Collection Methods and Response Rates"; and (5) "Data Preparation." An appendix presents the screener for the four files. (Contains 1 figure, 17 tables and 25 references.) (SLD) AU - Collins, Mary A. AU - Brick, Michael J. AU - Nolin, Mary Jo AU - Vaden-Kiernan, Nancy AU - Gilmore, Susan AU - Chandler, Kathryn AU - Chapman, Chris Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 155 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160491959 KW - Data Files KW - National Household Education Survey KW - Random Digit Dialing KW - User Guides KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Research Methodology KW - Response Rates (Questionnaires) KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - National Surveys KW - Adults KW - Children KW - Citizen Participation KW - Attitudes KW - Parent Participation KW - Data Collection KW - Sampling KW - Sample Size KW - Data Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62536992?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For Volumes I through III, see TM 027 735-737. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Directory of Public Elementary and Secondary Education Agencies, 1994-95. AN - 62535328; ED411594 AB - One of the major responsibilities of the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) is to report on the condition of public elementary and secondary education in the United States. In support of this mission, NCES collects from state education agencies selected data items about all the public elementary and secondary schools and education agencies in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the 5 outlying areas: American Samoa, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Information is also provided by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) on its dependents schools overseas. The NCES Common Core of Data (CCD) surveys annually collect information on the universe of public schools and education agencies. This publication presents data primarily from the spring 1995 CCD survey. The introduction contains several tables that provide an overview of the patterns of elementary/secondary education agencies within the reporting states. They are followed by the listing of education agencies, organized by state and type of agency. The directory lists all reported public elementary/secondary education agencies in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, the five outlying areas, and the DOD. Six tables are included. Appendices contain the addresses of state education agencies and samples of the education-agency survey form and the school-universe survey form. (LMI) AU - McDowell, Lena AU - Sietsema, John Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 791 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160492238 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - State Departments of Education KW - Public Agencies KW - Instructional Program Divisions KW - State Agencies KW - School Districts KW - Public Education KW - Enrollment KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - National Surveys KW - School District Size UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62535328?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For the 1988 directory, see ED 306 690. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Women in Mathematics and Science. Findings from "The Condition of Education, 1997," No. 11. AN - 62534522; ED412137 AB - This report reviews the most current data on women's progress in mathematics and science achievement, attitudes, course-taking patterns, and college majors. Results of recent studies suggest that many factors such as parental encouragement, teacher preparation, teacher student interactions, curriculum content, hands-on laboratory experiences, self-concept, attitudes toward mathematics and science, availability of mentors, and home resources contribute to the attitudes, access, and achievement of young women in mathematics and science. The research cited here suggests that the gender gap in science and mathematics in the United States appears at Grade 10 while internationally the gap appears around Grade 8. Despite this, there are still substantial differences between women and men in mathematics, computer science, engineering and science fields. Contains 29 references. (DDR) AU - Bae, Yupin AU - Smith, Thomas M. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 35 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160492203 KW - Condition of Education (NCES) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Student Attitudes KW - Mathematics Instruction KW - Sex Differences KW - Course Selection (Students) KW - Academic Achievement KW - Statistical Data KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Science Instruction KW - Higher Education KW - Career Choice UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62534522?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Federal Support for Education. Fiscal Years 1980 to 1997. AN - 62534458; ED412287 AB - This report attempts to provide a comprehensive picture of total federal financial support for education since fiscal year 1980. Programs from agencies other than the Department of Education are included if they have significant educational components. To the extent possible, outlays were used in this report rather than obligations, with the exception of funds for academic research at institutions of higher education. Federal education funding is divided into on-budget funding, off-budget funding, and nonfederal funds generated by federal programs, and current and constant dollar comparisons were used to the extent possible. In fiscal year 1997, federal support for education, excluding estimated federal tax expenditures, was an estimated $100.5 billion, an increase of $37.7 billion since 1990. On-budget federal funds for education programs were estimated at $73.1 billion, an increase of 42% since fiscal year 1990 in current dollars, or of 16% after being adjusted for inflation. In fiscal year 1997, education outlays totaled $31.1 billion, reflecting an increase of 22% after being adjusted for inflation. Almost 58% of federal education support, excluding estimated federal income tax expenditures, went to educational institutions in fiscal year 1997. Schools and colleges derived 10% of their fiscal year 1997 revenues from the federal government, with the remaining revenues from state and local governments, individuals, and private organizations. This represented a decline from the 14% federal share of fiscal year 1980. Six appendixes provide detailed tables of federal support funds. (Contains nine tables and three figures.) (SLD) AU - Hoffman, Charlene M. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 55 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-97-383 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Public Schools KW - Public Agencies KW - Federal Aid KW - Government Role KW - Educational Finance KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Educational Trends KW - Higher Education KW - Budgets KW - Trend Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62534458?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Child Health USA '96-'97. AN - 62533855; ED415025 AB - Intended to inform policymaking in the public and private sector, this booklet compiles secondary data for 53 health status indicators and service needs of America's children. The book provides both a graphic and textual summary for the data and addresses long-term trends, where applicable. Some statistics indicate the extent of progress toward "Healthy People 2000" goals or a reduction in the prevalence of unhealthy behaviors, while others reveal escalating health problems. Following the introduction, which discusses trends and issues in children's health, the booklet has six sections: (1) "Population Characteristics," including children in poverty, working mothers, child care, and school dropouts; (2) "Health Status," discussing the health issues related to infants, children, and adolescents; (3) "Health Services and Utilization," including health care financing, vaccination coverage levels, physician visits, service utilization by children with chronic conditions, postpartum hospital discharge, and prenatal care; (4) "State-Specific Data," including tables of state-level data on infant, perinatal, and neonatal mortality, prenatal care, low birth weight, births to women under 18, Medicaid information, and health care financing; (5) "City Data," focusing on comparisons between cities with populations over 100,000 and national data on infant mortality, low birth weight, and prenatal care; and (6) Progress Towards Healthy People 2000 Objectives," summarizing progress toward several objectives. Contains approximately 50 references. (KB) Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 83 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. KW - Healthy People 2000 KW - Indicators KW - Medicaid KW - Vaccination KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Social Indicators KW - Birth Weight KW - Early Parenthood KW - Mortality Rate KW - Mothers KW - Employed Parents KW - Dropout Rate KW - Child Health KW - Infant Mortality KW - Prenatal Care KW - Health Care Costs KW - Demography KW - Health Needs KW - Municipalities KW - Poverty KW - Day Care KW - Incidence KW - Health Behavior KW - Tables (Data) KW - Adolescents KW - Infants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62533855?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For 1994 edition, see ED 376 387; for 1995 edition N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Instructional Faculty and Staff in Higher Education Institutions: Fall 1987 and Fall 1992. 1993 National Study of Postsecondary Faculty (NSOPF-93). Statistical Analysis Report. AN - 62528532; ED412888 AB - This report compares findings from faculty surveys conducted as part of the 1987-88 National Survey of Postsecondary Faculty, which is limited to faculty and staff with instructional responsibilities, and the 1992-93 National Study of Postsecondary Faculty, which includes instructional as well as noninstructional faculty. In particular, the report examines faculty composition (employment and tenure status, academic rank, highest degree, and social/demographic characteristics); work requirements (workweek, time allocation, instructional workload, research productivity, workload satisfaction); and salaries (overall compensation, by source of income, and satisfaction with salary and benefits). Some of the changes from 1987 to 1992 highlighted by the report include: an increase in the percentage of part-time instructional faculty; no change in the percentage of faculty who held the rank of full professor; a decline in the percentage of tenured faculty; some "aging" of both faculty and staff; an increase of 6 percent in female faculty; little change in the percentage of white, full time faculty; less satisfaction with workloads; a fairly constant level of research productivity; little change in the overall duration of the work week; and salaries keeping pace with inflation. The four appendices include supplementary tables, technical notes, standard error tables and survey questionnaires. (LEE) AU - Kirshstein, Rita J. AU - Matheson, Nancy AU - Jing, Zhongren AU - Zimbler, Linda J. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 257 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160492319 KW - National Study of Postsecondary Faculty KW - National Survey of Postsecondary Faculty KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Compensation (Remuneration) KW - Women Faculty KW - Tenure KW - Full Time Faculty KW - Salaries KW - Part Time Faculty KW - Higher Education KW - Faculty Workload KW - College Faculty KW - Demography KW - Comparative Analysis KW - Social Characteristics KW - Teaching Load KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Statistical Data KW - Academic Rank (Professional) KW - Statistical Surveys UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62528532?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - A Guide To Using Data from the National Household Education Survey (NHES). User's Guide. AN - 62526813; ED411328 AB - This guide provides users of the National Household Education Survey (NHES) data with suggested techniques for working with the data files. Special attention is paid to topics that will help users avoid the most commonly made mistakes in working with NHES data. The guide is meant to be an introduction and an overview, and not a substitute for the separate user's manuals and other reports. The NHES is a data collection system of the National Center for Education Statistics that provides descriptive data on the educational activities of the U.S. population and offers policymakers, researchers, and educators a variety of statistics on the condition of education in the United States. The primary purpose of the NHES is to collect repeated measurements of the same phenomena at different points in time, but one-time surveys of topics of interest may be fielded. The NHES is a telephone survey of the noninstitutionalized civilian population of the United States, and households are selected using random digit dialing methods. The NHES has been conducted in 1991, 1993, 1995, and 1996. This guide contains the following sections: (1) introduction and overview; (2) brief descriptions of the separate NHES data files; (3) comparisons with other data sets; (4) familiarization with the data and descriptions of data collection and processing; (5) selecting variables for working data sets; (6) NHES design; (7) working with missing data; and (8) weights and estimation procedures. Appendixes contain commonly asked questions and answers, examples that illustrate points in the text, and a summary of weighting and sample variance estimation variables. (Contains 10 references.) (SLD) AU - Collins, Mary A. AU - Chandler, Kathryn Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 63 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160492009 KW - Data Files KW - National Household Education Survey KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - User Needs (Information) KW - Telephone Surveys KW - Estimation (Mathematics) KW - Research Methodology KW - Researchers KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Data Collection KW - National Surveys KW - Data Analysis KW - Research Design KW - Family (Sociological Unit) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62526813?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cutting Grass: In Search of the Australian Male AN - 61529446; 199803028 AB - Draws on personal experiences as a family court counselor to examine the sociological, historical, & metaphorical aspects of what defines Australian men's self-identities, drawing an analogy with the weekend ritual of lawn mowing. It is noted that Australian men cut their grass extremely short while American men allow it to grow long, suggesting a lesser need to control their environment. Australian men tend to define their relationships in terms of an absence of negatives, rather than in terms of positives, revealing a self-image based on historical, cultural, environmental, & gender influences that make them unique. Poems are presented that underpin the discussion. 10 References. J. Lindroth JF - The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy AU - Sedgman, Keith AD - Family Court, GPO Box 9991 Brisbane Australia Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 143 EP - 147 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0814-723X, 0814-723X KW - Gardening KW - Masculinity KW - Natural Environment KW - Social Identity KW - Sex Role Identity KW - Males KW - Australia KW - article KW - 6144: social welfare UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61529446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australian+and+New+Zealand+Journal+of+Family+Therapy&rft.atitle=Cutting+Grass%3A+In+Search+of+the+Australian+Male&rft.au=Sedgman%2C+Keith&rft.aulast=Sedgman&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Australian+and+New+Zealand+Journal+of+Family+Therapy&rft.issn=0814723X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Australia; Males; Masculinity; Social Identity; Sex Role Identity; Gardening; Natural Environment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Discussion Paper: Inside the Pyramid: Towards a Conceptual Framework for the Analysis of Regulatory Systems AN - 61455001; 9803889 AB - Builds on Ian Ayres & John Braithwaite's (1992) study on regulation depicting a pyramid that represents the range of instruments available to the state, by incorporating regulated entities & their industry associations, as well as public interest institutions & commercial actors. The resulting three-dimensional pyramid, or prism, has three faces: the state regulatory apparatus, target of regulation, & third parties. It is argued that Ayres & Braithwaite's pyramid fails to represent the interactive nature of regulatory life that the prism accomplishes. It is concluded that the prism allows analysis of any location within its confines, thereby making it amenable to quantitative representation. 2 Figures, 8 References. M. Greenberg JF - International Journal of the Sociology of Law AU - Grabosky, P N AD - Australian Instit Criminology, GPO Box 2994 Canberra ACT 2601 Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 195 EP - 201 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0194-6595, 0194-6595 KW - Government Regulation KW - Corporations KW - Theoretical Problems KW - State Role KW - Interest Groups KW - article KW - 0624: complex organization; bureaucratic structure/organizational sociology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61455001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+the+Sociology+of+Law&rft.atitle=Discussion+Paper%3A+Inside+the+Pyramid%3A+Towards+a+Conceptual+Framework+for+the+Analysis+of+Regulatory+Systems&rft.au=Grabosky%2C+P+N&rft.aulast=Grabosky&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+the+Sociology+of+Law&rft.issn=01946595&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - IJSLD7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Government Regulation; State Role; Interest Groups; Theoretical Problems; Corporations ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Presidential vetoes, 1989-1996 T2 - S. pubn. 105-22 AN - 59767996; 1997-1104860 AB - Comprehensive listing of presidential vetoes of legislation enacted by the 101st to the 104th Congresses. JF - Superintendent of Documents, September 1997. xiii+35 pp. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 EP - xiii+35 PB - Superintendent of Documents KW - Executive-legislative relations -- United States KW - United States -- President -- Relations with Congress KW - United States -- President -- Veto UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59767996?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=xiii%2B35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Presidential+vetoes%2C+1989-1996&rft.title=Presidential+vetoes%2C+1989-1996&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs N1 - Document feature - table(s), index(es) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical characterization and reactivity of iron chelator-treated amphibole asbestos. AN - 21267984; 11703702 AB - Iron in amphibole asbestos is implicated in the pathogenicity of inhaled fibers. Evidence includes the observation that iron chelators can suppress fiber-induced tissue damage. This is believed to occur via the diminished production of fiber-associated reactive oxygen species. The purpose of this study was to explore possible mechanisms for the reduction of fiber toxicity by iron chelator treatments. We studied changes in the amount and the oxidation states of bulk and surface iron in crocidolite and amosite asbestos that were treated with iron-chelating desferrioxamine, ferrozine, sodium ascorbate, and phosphate buffer solutions. The results have been compared with the ability of the fibers to produce free radicals and decompose hydrogen peroxide in a cell-free system in vitro. We found that chelators can affect the amount of iron at the surface of the asbestos fibers and its valence, and that they can modify the chemical reactivity of these surfaces. However, we found no obvious or direct correlations between fiber reactivity and the amount of iron removed, the amount of iron at the fiber surface, or the oxidation state of surface iron. Our results suggest that surface Fe3+ ions may play a role in fiber-related carboxylate radical formation, and that desferrioxamine and phosphate groups detected at treated fiber surfaces may play a role in diminishing and enhancing, respectively, fiber redox activity. It is proposed that iron mobility in the silicate structure may play a larger role in the chemical reactivity of asbestos than previously assumed. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Gold, J AU - Amandusson, H AU - Krozer, A AU - Kasemo, B AU - Ericsson, T AU - Zanetti, G AU - Fubini, B AD - Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg, Sweden, f7xjg@fy.chalmers.se Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 1021 EP - 1030 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Sodium KW - Fibers KW - Asbestos KW - Phosphates KW - Mobility KW - Chemical reactions KW - Oxidation KW - Toxicity KW - Iron KW - ENA 21:Wildlife UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21267984?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Chemical+characterization+and+reactivity+of+iron+chelator-treated+amphibole+asbestos.&rft.au=Gold%2C+J%3BAmandusson%2C+H%3BKrozer%2C+A%3BKasemo%2C+B%3BEricsson%2C+T%3BZanetti%2C+G%3BFubini%2C+B&rft.aulast=Gold&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+5&rft.spage=1021&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sodium; Fibers; Asbestos; Phosphates; Mobility; Chemical reactions; Oxidation; Toxicity; Iron ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Susceptibility of p53-deficient mice to induction of mesothelioma by crocidolite asbestos fibers. AN - 21267957; 11703699 AB - Exposure of mesothelial cells to asbestos fibers in vitro has been shown to induce DNA damage mediated by oxidants. An early cellular response to DNA damage is increased expression of the p53 protein. This protein induces transcription of genes that activate cell cycle checkpoints or induce apoptosis. A murine mesothelial cell line that spontaneously acquired a point mutation in the p53 gene shows increased sensitivity to DNA damage induced by crocidolite asbestos fibers. It is hypothesized that p53-deficient mice will show increased sensitivity to the genotoxic effects of asbestos and accelerated development of malignant mesotheliomas. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Marsella, J M AU - Liu, B L AU - Vaslet, C A AU - Kane, A B AD - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI 02912, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 1069 EP - 1072 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts; Oncogenes & Growth Factors Abstracts KW - Sensitivity KW - Asbestos KW - Apoptosis KW - Cell cycle KW - Point mutation KW - Genotoxicity KW - Crocidolite KW - Transcription KW - Mice KW - p53 protein KW - DNA damage KW - Fibers KW - DNA KW - Proteins KW - mesothelioma KW - Oxidants KW - B 26670:Tumor Suppressors KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21267957?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+of+p53-deficient+mice+to+induction+of+mesothelioma+by+crocidolite+asbestos+fibers.&rft.au=Marsella%2C+J+M%3BLiu%2C+B+L%3BVaslet%2C+C+A%3BKane%2C+A+B&rft.aulast=Marsella&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+5&rft.spage=1069&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fibers; DNA damage; Asbestos; Apoptosis; Genotoxicity; Point mutation; Cell cycle; Transcription; Crocidolite; mesothelioma; Oxidants; p53 protein; Sensitivity; DNA; Proteins; Mice ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Demonstration of nitric oxide on asbestos and silicon carbide fibers with a new ultraviolet spectrophotometric assay. AN - 21261089; 11702120 AB - Nitric oxide (NO) has a number of important functions in biological systems and may play a role in the toxicity of mineral fibers. We investigated whether NO might be present on the surface of mineral fibers and if crocidolite could adsorb NO from NO gas or cigarette smoke. NO was determined with a new gas chromatography-ultraviolet spectrophotometric technique after thermal desorption from the fiber surface and injection in a gas flow cell. NO was found in different amounts on chrysotile B, crocidolite, amosite, and silicon carbide whiskers. There was a strong correlation between the amount of NO and the specific surface area of these fibers (r = 0.98). NO could not be demonstrated on rockwool fibers [man-made vitreous fiber(s) (MMVF)21 and MMVF22] or silicon nitride whiskers. NO on crocidolite, amosite, and silicon carbide whiskers was readily desorbed from the fibers at increased temperature, while NO on chrysotile B seemed to be more firmly adsorbed to the fiber and required a longer period of time to be desorbed. The amount of NO bound to crocidolite increased from 34 micrograms/g fiber to 85 and 474 micrograms/g after exposing the fibers to cigarette smoke and NO gas, respectively. These findings indicate that a) NO adsorbs to fiber surfaces, b) some fibers adsorb more NO than others, c) some fibers adsorb NO more strongly than others, and d) the amounts of NO on fibers may be increased after exposure of the fiber to cigarette smoke or other sources of NO. The biological significance of NO on mineral fibers remains to be investigated. Images Figure 3. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Leanderson, P AU - Lagesson, V AU - Tagesson, C AD - Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Linkoping University, Sweden, perle@ymk.liu.se Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 1037 EP - 1040 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Smoke KW - Fibers KW - Silicon KW - Asbestos KW - Desorption KW - Cigarettes KW - Nitric oxide KW - Toxicity KW - Minerals KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21261089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Demonstration+of+nitric+oxide+on+asbestos+and+silicon+carbide+fibers+with+a+new+ultraviolet+spectrophotometric+assay.&rft.au=Leanderson%2C+P%3BLagesson%2C+V%3BTagesson%2C+C&rft.aulast=Leanderson&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+5&rft.spage=1037&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Smoke; Fibers; Asbestos; Silicon; Desorption; Cigarettes; Nitric oxide; Toxicity; Minerals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neutrophils amplify the formation of DNA adducts by benzo[a]pyrene in lung target cells. AN - 21261072; 11701818 AB - Inflammatory cells and their reactive oxygen metabolites can cause mutagenic effects in lung cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of activated neutrophils to modulate DNA binding of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a known carcinogen, in lung target cells. Equivalent numbers of rat lung epithelial cells (RLE-6TN cell line) and freshly isolated human blood neutrophils (PMN) were coincubated in vitro for 2 hr after addition of benzo[a]pyrene (0.5 microM) or two of its trans-diol metabolites, with or without stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). DNA adducts of B[a]P-metabolites were determined in target cells using 32P-postlabeling; oxidative DNA damage (7-hydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine [8-oxodG]) was evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Increased DNA adducts were observed in lung cells coincubated with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Activation of PMN with PMA, or addition of more activated PMN in relation to the number of lung cells, further increased the number of adducts, the latter in a dose-response manner. Incubation with B[a]P-4,5-diol did not result in any adduct formation, while B[a]P-7,8-diol led to a significant number of adducts. Moreover, PMA-activated PMN strongly enhanced adduct formation by B[a]P-7,8-diol, but not 8-oxodG, in lung cells. The addition of antioxidants to the coincubations significantly reduced the number of adducts. Results suggest that an inflammatory response in the lung may increase the biologically effective dose of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and may be relevant to data interpretation and risk assessment of PAH-containing particulates. Images Figure 2. A Figure 2. B JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Borm, P J AU - Knaapen, A M AU - Schins, R P AU - Godschalk, R W AU - Schooten, F J AD - Department of Health Risk Analysis and Toxicology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands., p.borm@grat.unimaas.nl Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 1089 EP - 1093 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Immunology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Epithelial cells KW - Antioxidants KW - Phorbol esters KW - Leukocytes (polymorphonuclear) KW - Metabolites KW - Particulates KW - Carcinogens KW - 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate KW - Dose-response effects KW - DNA adducts KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Data processing KW - Leukocytes (neutrophilic) KW - Inflammation KW - Oxygen KW - DNA damage KW - Blood KW - Lung KW - DNA KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - N 14820:DNA Metabolism & Structure KW - F 06935:Development, Aging & Organ Systems KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21261072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Neutrophils+amplify+the+formation+of+DNA+adducts+by+benzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+in+lung+target+cells.&rft.au=Borm%2C+P+J%3BKnaapen%2C+A+M%3BSchins%2C+R+P%3BGodschalk%2C+R+W%3BSchooten%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Borm&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+5&rft.spage=1089&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - High-performance liquid chromatography; Risk assessment; DNA adducts; Epithelial cells; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Data processing; Phorbol esters; Antioxidants; Leukocytes (polymorphonuclear); Leukocytes (neutrophilic); Metabolites; Carcinogens; 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate; Inflammation; Blood; DNA damage; Oxygen; Lung; Benzo(a)pyrene; Dose-response effects; DNA; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Particulates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alveolar macrophage interaction with air pollution particulates. AN - 21257940; 11703700 AB - We applied flow cytometric analysis to characterize the in vitro response of alveolar macrophages (AM) to air pollution particulates. Normal hamster AM were incubated with varying concentrations of residual oil fly ash (ROFA) or concentrated ambient air particulates (CAP). We found a dose-dependent increase in AM-associated right angle light scatter (RAS) after uptake of ROFA (e.g., mean channel number 149.4 +/- 6.5, 102.5 +/- 4.1, 75.8 +/- 3.5, and 61.0 +/- 4.6 at 200, 100, 50, and 25 mg/ml, respectively) or CAP. A role for scavenger-type receptors (SR) in AM uptake of components of ROFA and CAP was identified by marked inhibition of RAS increases in AM pretreated with the specific SR inhibitor polyinosinic acid. We combined measurement of particle uptake (RAS) with flow cytometric analysis of intracellular oxidation of dichlorofluorescin. Both ROFA and CAP caused a dose-related intracellular oxidant stress within AM, comparable to that seen with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) (e.g., fold increase over control, 6.6 +/- 0.4, 3.6 +/- 0.4, 4.6 +/- 0.5, 200 mg/ml ROFA, 100 mg/ml ROFA, and 10(-7) M PMA, respectively). We conclude that flow cytometry of RAS increases provides a useful relative measurement of AM uptake of complex particulates within ROFA and CAP. Both ROFA and CAP cause substantial intracellular oxidant stress within AM, which may contribute to subsequent cell activation and production of proinflammatory mediators. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Goldsmith, C A AU - Frevert, C AU - Imrich, A AU - Sioutas, C AU - Kobzik, L AD - Dept. of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 1191 EP - 1195 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Air pollution KW - Channels KW - Oil KW - Oxidation KW - Pollution effects KW - Stress KW - Fly ash KW - Particulates KW - Oxidants KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21257940?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Alveolar+macrophage+interaction+with+air+pollution+particulates.&rft.au=Goldsmith%2C+C+A%3BFrevert%2C+C%3BImrich%2C+A%3BSioutas%2C+C%3BKobzik%2C+L&rft.aulast=Goldsmith&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+5&rft.spage=1191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Channels; Air pollution; Oxidation; Fly ash; Stress; Pollution effects; Particulates; Oxidants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vivo and in vitro proinflammatory effects of particulate air pollution (PM10). AN - 21255778; 11704948 AB - Epidemiologic studies have reported associations between fine particulate air pollution, especially particles less than 10 mm in diameter (PM10), and the development of exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the mechanism is unknown. We tested our hypothesis that PM10 induces oxidant stress, causing inflammation and injury to airway epithelium. We assessed the effects of intratracheal instillation of PM10 in rat lungs. The influx of inflammatory cells was measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Airspace epithelial permeability was assessed as total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in vivo. The oxidant properties of PM10 were determined by their ability to cause changes in reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). We also compared the effects of PM10 with those of fine (CB) and ultrafine (ufCB) carbon black particles. Six hours after intratracheal instillation of PM10, we noted an influx of neutrophils (up to 15% of total BAL cells) in the alveolar space, increased epithelial permeability, an increase in total protein in BALF from 0.39 +/- 0.01 to 0.62 +/- 0.01 mg/ml (mean +/- SEM) and increased lactate dehydrogenase concentrations in BALF. An even greater inflammatory response was observed after intratracheal instillation of ufCB, but not after CB instillation. PM10 had oxidant activity in vivo, as shown by decreased GSH in BALF (from 0.36 +/- 0.05 to 0.25 +/- 0.01 nmol/ml) after instillation. BAL leukocytes from rats treated with PM10 produced greater amounts of nitric oxide, measured as nitrite (control 3.07 +/- 0.33, treated 4.45 +/- 0.23 mM/1 x 10(6) cells) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (control 21.0 +/- 3.1, treated 179.2 +/- 29.4 unit/1 x 10(6) cells) in culture than BAL leukocytes obtained from control animals. These studies provide evidence that PM10 has free radical activity and causes lung inflammation and epithelial injury. These data support our hypothesis concerning the mechanism for the adverse effects of particulate air pollution on patients with airway diseases. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Li, X Y AU - Gilmour, P S AU - Donaldson, K AU - MacNee, W AD - Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 1279 EP - 1283 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Glutathione KW - Pollution effects KW - tumors KW - Cell culture KW - Respiratory diseases KW - Particulates KW - Rats KW - Permeability KW - Carbon KW - black carbon KW - Bronchus KW - Epithelium KW - Nitrite KW - Trachea KW - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease KW - Respiratory tract KW - Data processing KW - Free radicals KW - Leukocytes (neutrophilic) KW - Stress KW - Asthma KW - Tumor necrosis factor-a KW - Alveoli KW - L-Lactate dehydrogenase KW - Inflammation KW - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease KW - Air pollution KW - Respiratory tract diseases KW - Nitrites KW - Lung KW - Proteins KW - Nitric oxide KW - Side effects KW - Oxidants KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21255778?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=In+vivo+and+in+vitro+proinflammatory+effects+of+particulate+air+pollution+%28PM10%29.&rft.au=Li%2C+X+Y%3BGilmour%2C+P+S%3BDonaldson%2C+K%3BMacNee%2C+W&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+5&rft.spage=1279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Injuries; Glutathione; Cell culture; Permeability; Carbon; Bronchus; Epithelium; Nitrite; Trachea; Respiratory tract; Data processing; Free radicals; Leukocytes (neutrophilic); Asthma; Tumor necrosis factor-a; Alveoli; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Inflammation; L-Lactate dehydrogenase; Air pollution; Respiratory tract diseases; Lung; Nitric oxide; Oxidants; Side effects; Pollution effects; Stress; tumors; Particulates; Respiratory diseases; Rats; Nitrites; black carbon; Proteins; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic inhalation study of fiber glass and amosite asbestos in hamsters: twelve-month preliminary results. AN - 21253923; 11701816 AB - The effects of chronic inhalation of glass fibers and amosite asbestos are currently under study in hamsters. The study includes 18 months of inhalation exposure followed by lifetime recovery. Syrian golden hamsters are exposed, nose only, for 6 hr/day, 5 day/week to size-selected test fibers: MMVF10a (Schuller 901 insulation glass); MMVF33 (Schuller 475 durable glass); amosite asbestos (three doses); or to filtered air (controls). Here we report interim results on airborne fiber characterization, lung fiber burden, and pathology (preliminary) through 12 months. Aerosolized test fibers averaged 15 to 20 microns in length and 0.5 to 1 micron in diameter. Target aerosol concentrations of World Health Organization (WHO) fibers (longer than 5 microns) were 250 fibers/cc for MMVF10a and MMVF33, and 25, 125, or 250 fibers/cc for amosite. WHO fiber lung burdens showed time-dependent and (for amosite) dose-dependent increases. After a 12-month exposure, lung burdens of fibers longer than 20 microns were greatest with amosite high and mid doses, similar for low-dose amosite and MMVF33, and smaller for MMVF10a. Biological responses of animals exposed for 12 months to MMVF10a were limited to nonspecific pulmonary inflammation. However, exposures to MMVF33 and each of three doses of amosite were associated with lung fibrosis and possible mesotheliomas (1 with MMVF33 and 2, 3, and 1 with amosite low, mid, and high doses, respectively). Pulmonary and pleural changes associated with amosite were qualitatively and quantitatively more severe than those associated with MMVF33. As of the 12-month time point, this study demonstrates that two different fiber glass compositions with similar fiber dimensions but different durabilities can have distinctly different effects on the hamster lung and pleura after inhalation exposure. (Preliminary tumor data through 18 months of exposure and 6 weeks of postexposure recovery became available as this manuscript went to press: No tumors were observed in the control or MMVF10a groups, and no additional tumors were observed in the MMVF33 group; however, a number of additional mesotheliomas were observed in the amosite groups. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hesterberg, T W AU - Axten, C AU - McConnell, E E AU - Oberdorster, G AU - Everitt, J AU - Miiller, W C AU - Chevalier, J AU - Chase, G R AU - Thevenaz, P AD - Schuller International, Inc., Littleton, Colorado, USA., hesterbe@jm.com Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 1223 EP - 1229 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Fibers KW - Asbestos KW - Aerosols KW - Pathology KW - Lung KW - mesothelioma KW - tumors KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21253923?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Chronic+inhalation+study+of+fiber+glass+and+amosite+asbestos+in+hamsters%3A+twelve-month+preliminary+results.&rft.au=Hesterberg%2C+T+W%3BAxten%2C+C%3BMcConnell%2C+E+E%3BOberdorster%2C+G%3BEveritt%2C+J%3BMiiller%2C+W+C%3BChevalier%2C+J%3BChase%2C+G+R%3BThevenaz%2C+P&rft.aulast=Hesterberg&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+5&rft.spage=1223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Inhalation; Fibers; Aerosols; Asbestos; Pathology; Lung; mesothelioma; tumors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Silica-induced apoptosis in alveolar and granulomatous cells in vivo. AN - 21253465; 11701811 AB - Silica is a toxicant that can stimulate cells to produce various cellular products such as free radicals, cytokines, and growth factors. Silica and its induced substances may induce apoptosis to regulate the evolution of silica-induced inflammation and fibrosis. To examine this hypothesis, groups of Wistar male rats were intratracheally instilled with different doses of Min-U-Sil 5 silica (Silica, Berkeley Springs, WV). Ten days after the instillation, we obtained cells by bronchoalveolar lavage and placed them on slides by cytospin preparation. The slides were stained with Diff-Quik (Lab Aids, Sydney, NSW, Australia) and examined under oil immersion. A substantial number of cells with apoptotic features were identified in all silica-instilled rats and the apoptosis was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The number of apoptotic cells was clearly related to silica dosage. Engulfment of apoptotic cells by macrophages was also noted. Neutrophil influx in silica-instilled rats could be saturated with the increase of silica dosage and the number of macrophages in different dose groups changed in parallel with the proportion of apoptotic cells. Fifty-six days after instillation, morphologically apoptotic cells could be identified in granulomatous cells of lung tissue from silica-instilled rats. We conclude that intratracheal instillation of silica could induce apoptosis in both alveolar and granulomatous cells, and the apoptotic change and subsequent engulfment by macrophages might play a role in the evolution of silica-induced effects. Images Figure 1. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 7. Figure 8. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Leigh, J AU - Wang, H AU - Bonin, A AU - Peters, M AU - Ruan, X AD - National Institute of Occupational Health and Safety, Sydney, NSW, jleigh@worksafe.gov.au Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 1241 EP - 1245 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Immunology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Macrophages KW - Apoptosis KW - Toxicants KW - Fibrosis KW - Rats KW - Oil KW - Australia, New South Wales, Sydney KW - Bronchus KW - silica KW - Water springs KW - Cytokines KW - Growth factors KW - growth factors KW - Trachea KW - Electrophoresis KW - Free radicals KW - Leukocytes (neutrophilic) KW - Alveoli KW - Gel electrophoresis KW - Inflammation KW - Silica KW - Lung KW - Immersion KW - Evolution KW - F 06910:Microorganisms & Parasites KW - ENA 08:International UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21253465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Silica-induced+apoptosis+in+alveolar+and+granulomatous+cells+in+vivo.&rft.au=Leigh%2C+J%3BWang%2C+H%3BBonin%2C+A%3BPeters%2C+M%3BRuan%2C+X&rft.aulast=Leigh&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+5&rft.spage=1241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Macrophages; Apoptosis; Toxicants; Fibrosis; Free radicals; Leukocytes (neutrophilic); Gel electrophoresis; Alveoli; Inflammation; Oil; Silica; Bronchus; Lung; Immersion; Cytokines; Growth factors; Trachea; Evolution; Rats; Electrophoresis; silica; Water springs; growth factors; Australia, New South Wales, Sydney ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Significance of the biodurability of man-made vitreous fibers to risk assessment. AN - 21251529; 11701814 AB - It is generally agreed that the biodurability of man-made vitreous fibers is a major factor for the characterization of potential health effects. As there is currently no standardization of experimental protocols to determine biodurabilty, the results of the clearance assays have not been used up to now for regulatory purposes. Methods used to analyze biodurability in animal models are short-term inhalational exposure and intratracheal instillation of rat respirable fibers. Both test methods have strengths and limitations for regulatory purposes. We outline recommended procedures for standardized biodurability assays that can be used to compare different fiber types. In animal experiments, biodurability is difficult to separate from biopersistence, as mucociliary and macrophage-mediated clearance occur simultaneously with dissolution and disintegration. For intratracheal instillation, a sized rat respirable sample must be used. Precautions should be taken to prevent aggregation of fibers in the lungs. Although from a scientific point of view questions remain about quantifying the influence of fiber length, diameter, dose, and exposure route, consistent data on the biodurability of vitreous glass fibers are available which may be used for regulatory purposes. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Muhle, H AU - Bellmann, B AD - Fraunhofer-Institut fur Toxikologie und Aerosolforschung, Hannover, Germany., muhle@ita.fhg.de Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 1045 EP - 1047 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Fibers KW - Lung KW - Animal models KW - Standards KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251529?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Significance+of+the+biodurability+of+man-made+vitreous+fibers+to+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Muhle%2C+H%3BBellmann%2C+B&rft.aulast=Muhle&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+5&rft.spage=1045&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Fibers; Lung; Animal models; Standards ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Approaches to characterizing human health risks of exposure to fibers. AN - 21250973; 11703704 AB - Naturally occurring and man-made (synthetic) fibers of respirable sizes are substances that have been identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) as priority substances for risk reduction and pollution prevention under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). The health concern for respirable fibers is based on the link of occupational asbestos exposure and environmental erionite fiber exposure to the development of chronic respiratory diseases, including interstitial lung fibrosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma in humans. There is also considerable laboratory evidence indicating that a variety of fibers of varying physical and chemical characteristics can elicit fibrogenic and carcinogenic effects in animals under certain exposure conditions. This paper discusses key scientific issues and major default assumptions and uncertainties pertaining to the risk assessment of inhaled fibers. This is followed by a description of the types of assessment performed by the U.S. EPA to support risk management actions of new fibers and existing fibers under TSCA. The scope and depth of these risk assessments, however, vary greatly depending on whether the substance under review is an existing or a new fiber, the purpose of the assessment, the availability of data, time, and resources, and the intended nature of regulatory action. In general, these risk assessments are of considerable uncertainty because health hazard and human exposure information is often incomplete for most fibers. Furthermore, how fibers cause diseases and what specific determinants are critical to fiber-induced toxicity and carcinogenicity are still not completely understood. Further research to improve our knowledge base in fiber toxicology and additional toxicity and exposure data gathering are needed to more accurately characterize the health risks of inhaled fibers. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Vu, V T AU - Lai, D Y AD - Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460, USA, vu.vanessa@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 1329 EP - 1336 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Asbestos KW - Toxic substances KW - Pollution prevention KW - Physicochemical properties KW - Respiratory diseases KW - Toxicity KW - Cancer KW - risk reduction KW - EPA KW - Fibers KW - USA KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Reviews KW - mesothelioma KW - Toxicology KW - Lung cancer KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - R2 23050:Environment KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21250973?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Approaches+to+characterizing+human+health+risks+of+exposure+to+fibers.&rft.au=Vu%2C+V+T%3BLai%2C+D+Y&rft.aulast=Vu&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+5&rft.spage=1329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Asbestos; Toxic substances; Pollution prevention; Physicochemical properties; Toxicity; Respiratory diseases; Cancer; Fibers; EPA; risk reduction; Carcinogenicity; Reviews; mesothelioma; Toxicology; Lung cancer; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Peroxisome proliferators increase the formation of BPDE-DNA adducts in isolated rat hepatocytes AN - 16512210; 4410035 AB - Peroxisome proliferators are known to modulate the activity of xenobiotic-metabolising enzymes, including glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P-450 (CYP). In this study the effect of peroxisome proliferators silvex and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) on the formation of (+)-anti-benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE)-DNA adducts from a proximate mutagen and carcinogen (-)-transbenzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol (BPDD) has been investigated. Rat CYP1A1 metabolises BPDD to mutagenic BPDE, which may form DNA adducts or, alternatively, be detoxified by hydrolysis or glutathione conjugation. In this experiment the formation of BPDE-DNA adducts was significantly increased in hepatocytes isolated from all silvex treated rats and two out of four DEHP treated rats (14 day treatment). The activity of CYP1A1 was increased whereas GST was reduced by the peroxisome proliferator silvex. These changes were more significant than those induced by DEHP. We have hypothesised that the formation of BPDE-DNA adducts was primarily due to the increased BPDD activation to BPDE versus reduced detoxication of BPDE. Other hepatic changes induced by the peroxisome proliferators, e.g. peroxisome proliferation per se and increased mitotic activity of the liver could have an effect on the outcome of BPDD exposure. JF - Toxicology AU - Voskoboinik, I AU - Ooi, S G AU - Drew, R AU - Ahokas, J T AD - Key Centre for Applied and Nutritional Toxicology, RMIT-University, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 81 EP - 91 VL - 122 IS - 1-2 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - DNA adducts KW - benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol 9,10-epoxide KW - cytochrome P450 KW - glutathione transferase KW - hepatocytes KW - peroxisome proliferators KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16512210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Peroxisome+proliferators+increase+the+formation+of+BPDE-DNA+adducts+in+isolated+rat+hepatocytes&rft.au=Voskoboinik%2C+I%3BOoi%2C+S+G%3BDrew%2C+R%3BAhokas%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Voskoboinik&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal changes in chemistry, algal populations, chlorophyll a and photosynthetic activity in the R. Delimi, Jos Plateau, Nigeria AN - 16504960; 4406430 AB - Seasonal studies were undertaken (August 1983-July 1984) to evaluate the algal distribution and ecology of the River Delimi, Jos Plateau, Nigeria at three stations: upstream, with little allochthonous input; midstream, receiving heavy domestic affluents; downstream. A wide amplitude of variability was discernible in physicochemical factors, and photosynthetic activity and abundance of 'suspended' algae in relation to the degree of pollution along the first 7-km stretch of the river. Conductivity ( mu S/cm) showed a 9-fold increase from upstream (x super(-) = 35) to downstream. The standing crop (Chl a) fluctuated markedly, with 6-times higher values for a polluted midstream site (x super(-) = 18.2 mg/m super(3)). Production rate measurements (mg C/m super(3)/d) showed significant variability with relatively low values (x super(-) = 610) recorded for the upstream and highest (x super(-) = 1050) at the midstream site. A positive correlation was obtained between production rates and Chl a for the polluted midstream zone. JF - Hydrobiologia AU - Khan, MA AU - Kamuru, F AD - S-K Colony, Sect. II, Qamarwari, G.P.O. Box 726, Srinagar-190 001, Kashmir, India Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 151 EP - 156 VL - 354 IS - 1-3 SN - 0018-8158, 0018-8158 KW - Algae KW - Nigeria KW - chlorophylls KW - ecological distribution KW - limnology KW - photosynthesis KW - rivers KW - seasonality KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Chlorophylls KW - Biological production KW - Photosynthesis KW - Ecological distribution KW - Chemical limnology KW - Pollution effects KW - Freshwater KW - Nigeria, Jos Plateau, Delimi R. KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16504960?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrobiologia&rft.atitle=Seasonal+changes+in+chemistry%2C+algal+populations%2C+chlorophyll+a+and+photosynthetic+activity+in+the+R.+Delimi%2C+Jos+Plateau%2C+Nigeria&rft.au=Khan%2C+MA%3BKamuru%2C+F&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=354&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrobiologia&rft.issn=00188158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlorophylls; Biological production; Photosynthesis; Ecological distribution; Chemical limnology; Pollution effects; Nigeria, Jos Plateau, Delimi R.; Freshwater ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Transition in water quality variables in "salt-wedge" estuary AN - 16344973; 4297325 AB - The Yarra River has been identified as one of the major sources of nutrients and toxicants in Port Phillip Bay, Australia. To estimate total loads of nutrients and toxicants derived from the Yarra River, the historical upstream measurements have been related to those downstream at Westgate Bridge, near the entrance to Port Phillip Bay. The six month measurement program implemented in 1995 at Westgate Bridge resulted in continuous observation of river discharges and water quality variables from five depth levels with a more intense sampling strategy during high flow events. In general, the typical vertical distribution of nutrient and metal concentrations in the Yarra Estuary, classified as 'salt-wedge' estuary, is characterised by higher levels near the surface decreasing with depth. The most pronounced difference between the near-surface and the deeper water concentrations occurs for nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, silicate and metals (iron and lead). By contrast, orthophosphate is distributed uniformly through the water column. The daily loads at Westgate Bridge were related to upstream loads estimated for the same period. The relationship for nutrients is close to logarithmic and loads in the Yarra Estuary exceed the combined upstream loads. By contrast, the relationship obtained for total suspended solids is exponential, testifying to processes of flocculation and precipitation of colloidal material in the estuary being of major importance. JF - Pacific Coasts and Ports '97. Proceedings Volume 1. AU - Sokolov, S Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 6 EP - 68 PB - Centre for Advanced Engineering SN - 0908993153 KW - Australia, Port Phillip Bay KW - Australia, Yarra R. KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Vol. 2 ISBN: 0908993161 KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Water sampling KW - Toxicants KW - Colloids KW - Heavy metals KW - Nutrients KW - Water quality KW - PSE, Australia, Victoria, Port Phillip Bay KW - Pollution load KW - Vertical distribution KW - Ammonium KW - Suspended solids KW - Nitrates KW - Brackishwater pollution KW - Estuaries KW - River discharge KW - PSE, Australia, Victoria, Yarra Estuary KW - Estuarine chemistry KW - Salt-wedge estuaries KW - Marine pollution KW - Nitrites KW - Nutrients (mineral) KW - Q2 09184:Composition of water KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control KW - SW 0890:Estuaries KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16344973?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aquatic+Science+%26+Fisheries+Abstracts+%28ASFA%29+3%3A+Aquatic+Pollution+%26+Environmental+Quality&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Sokolov%2C+S&rft.aulast=Sokolov&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=0908993153&rft.btitle=Transition+in+water+quality+variables+in+%22salt-wedge%22+estuary&rft.title=Transition+in+water+quality+variables+in+%22salt-wedge%22+estuary&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Conf. held in conjunction with the 6th Australasian Port and Harbour Conference. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antifungal proteins from seeds of Australian native plants and isolation of an antifungal peptide from Atriplex nummularia AN - 16334675; 4266278 AB - Extracts from seeds of 69 different species of plants mostly originating from Australia were screened for antifungal agents with activity against the plant pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum fsp. vasinfectum, Rhizoctonia solani, Thielaviopsis basicola, and Verticillium dahliae. Many seed extracts showed inhibitory activity against one or more of the fungi tested. High antifungal activities were detected in the genera Archontophoenix, Atriplex, Alphitonia, Callistemon, and Dodonaea. Only the Atriplex seed extract was shown to contain a protease-sensitive antifungal activity. A 30 amino acid residue peptide (An1) was purified to homogeneity from the seeds of Atriplex nummularia and its in vitro activity against several fungal pathogens of plants was characterised. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed An1 to be homologous to the chitin-binding antimicrobial peptides of Amaranthus caudatus. JF - New Zealand Journal of Botany AU - Last, DI AU - Llewellyn, D J AD - CSIRO Div. Plant Ind., G.P.O. Box 1600, Canberra City, A.C.T. 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 385 EP - 394 VL - 35 IS - 3 SN - 0028-825X, 0028-825X KW - Australia KW - antifungal agents KW - peptides KW - seeds KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16334675?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Journal+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Antifungal+proteins+from+seeds+of+Australian+native+plants+and+isolation+of+an+antifungal+peptide+from+Atriplex+nummularia&rft.au=Last%2C+DI%3BLlewellyn%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Last&rft.aufirst=DI&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Zealand+Journal+of+Botany&rft.issn=0028825X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Succession in bird assemblages over a seven-year period in regrowth dry sclerophyll forest in south-east Tasmania AN - 16326717; 4265650 AB - The Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife Service monitored bird populations in a clearfell coupe and an adjacent unlogged forest in dry sclerophyll forest in the south-east of Tasmania for one and a half years in 1977-78. The mature forest was subsequently logged and another unlogged mature forest control site was added to the north. Monitoring by Forestry Tasmania continued for a further seven years, using a modified method. Numbers of birds and numbers of species were greatest in the mature forest and greater in the young regrowth than in the older regrowth. The higher numbers and species in the younger regrowth compared with the older regrowth are probably a result of the influence of older trees that were retained in sections of the young regrowth, the greater diversity of habitats in the young regrowth and the greater visibility in young regrowth. The bird faunas of the mature forest, older regrowth and young regrowth differed from each other. Individual species showed a range of responses to logging. Three species (Golden Whistler, Spotted Quail-thrush and Satin Flycatcher) that occurred in mature forest were virtually absent from regrowth. JF - Emu AU - Taylor, R AU - Duckworth, P AU - Johns, T AU - Warren, B AD - Forest. Tasmania, GPO Box 207B, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 220 EP - 230 VL - 97 IS - 3 SN - 0158-4197, 0158-4197 KW - Australia, Tasmania KW - Birds KW - abundance KW - forests KW - species richness KW - succession KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16326717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emu&rft.atitle=Succession+in+bird+assemblages+over+a+seven-year+period+in+regrowth+dry+sclerophyll+forest+in+south-east+Tasmania&rft.au=Taylor%2C+R%3BDuckworth%2C+P%3BJohns%2C+T%3BWarren%2C+B&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=220&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emu&rft.issn=01584197&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory and field enzyme-immunoassays for diazinon and their application to residue analysis in lanolin, water, and fruit juice AN - 16312104; 4248101 JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Beasely, H L AU - McAdam, D P AU - Larkin, KA AU - Ferguson, B S AU - Bushway, R J AU - Skerritt, J H AD - G.P.O. Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 375 EP - 382 VL - 59 IS - 3 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - diazinon KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - immunoassay KW - immunoassays KW - juices KW - lanolin KW - water KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16312104?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Laboratory+and+field+enzyme-immunoassays+for+diazinon+and+their+application+to+residue+analysis+in+lanolin%2C+water%2C+and+fruit+juice&rft.au=Beasely%2C+H+L%3BMcAdam%2C+D+P%3BLarkin%2C+KA%3BFerguson%2C+B+S%3BBushway%2C+R+J%3BSkerritt%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Beasely&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A nitrogen-fixing consortia associated with the bacterial decay of a wooden pipeline AN - 16310512; 4252663 AB - Investigation of superficial decay of 2.0 m diameter wooden pipeline carrying water for hydroelectric power generation, revealed the presence of a wood-decaying, nitrogen-fixing bacterial consortia associated with the attack. The most severe attack occurred in pools of semi-permanent water on the top of the pipeline. Associated N sub(2)-fixing biota were identified as Xanthobacter autotrophicus or X. flavus, Pseudomonas acidovorans, Ps. alcaligenes, Ps. aureofaciens and an Alcaligenes sp. The Alcaligenes and Pseudomonas isolates (but not the Xanthobacter isolates) showed growth with creosote as the sole source of carbon, with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis indicating utilization of the aliphatic components in the C sub(22)-C sub(35) range. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Line, MA AD - Department of Agricultural Science, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-54, Hobart, Australia 7001 Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 220 EP - 224 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - biodegradation KW - nitrogen fixation KW - pipes KW - wood KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01046:Deterioration & treatment of timber UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16310512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+nitrogen-fixing+consortia+associated+with+the+bacterial+decay+of+a+wooden+pipeline&rft.au=Line%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Line&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=220&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Raised concentration of serum bile acids following occupational exposure to halogenated solvents, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane and trichloroethylene AN - 16286932; 4282065 AB - The objectives of this study were threefold. First, to examine the hepatic effects of occupational exposure to 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (FC 113) using conventional and newer tests (serum bile acids) of hepatobiliary function. Second, to assess the effects of altered work practices that included a reduced exposure to a different halogenated solvent (trichloroethylene) on the same parameters of liver function; and finally, to gather further data to support or refute the contention that serum bile acid (SBA) levels could provide a sensitive biological marker of exposure to these solvents. Two groups of workers (control and exposed) in an Australian steel industry participated in the study. Statistical analysis of the data showed a significant increase in the concentration of total serum bile acids (TSBA), some of the subgroups of SBA, and a few of the ISBA in workers after a period of exposure to FC 113. After TRI replaced FC 113 together with other changes in work practices to give substantial reduction in exposure to solvent, a repeat study also found elevated SBA after the cleaning procedure but to a lesser extent. No other indications of adverse liver effects, as measured by conventional parameters of hepatobiliary function, were detected. JF - International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health AU - Neghab, M AU - Qu, Shuxin AU - Bai, Cheng Long AU - Caples, J AU - Stacey, N H AD - Worksafe Australia, Res. Sci. and Stat. Div., GPO Box 58, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 187 EP - 194 VL - 70 IS - 3 SN - 0340-0131, 0340-0131 KW - 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane KW - bile acids KW - liver KW - occupational exposure KW - solvents KW - trichloroethylene KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16286932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Archives+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Raised+concentration+of+serum+bile+acids+following+occupational+exposure+to+halogenated+solvents%2C+1%2C1%2C2-trichloro-1%2C2%2C2-trifluoroethane+and+trichloroethylene&rft.au=Neghab%2C+M%3BQu%2C+Shuxin%3BBai%2C+Cheng+Long%3BCaples%2C+J%3BStacey%2C+N+H&rft.aulast=Neghab&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Archives+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=03400131&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and evaluation of a predictive model for the effect of temperature and water activity on the growth rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus AN - 16282943; 4291835 AB - The growth rates of four strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were measured and compared in a model broth system. The results for the fastest growing strain, based on 77 combinations of temperature and water activity (a sub(w)) using NaCl as the humectant, were summarised in the form of a predictive mathematical model. The model, of the square-root type includes a novel term to describe the effects of super-optimal water activity, and can be used to predict generation times for the temperature range (8-45 degree C) and water activity range (0.936-0.995) which permit growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Predicted generation times from the model were compared to literature data, using bias and accuracy factors, for both laboratory media and foods. The model was shown to give realistic growth estimates, with a bias value of 1.01, and an accuracy factor of 1.38. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Miles, D W AU - Ross, T AU - Olley, J AU - McMeekin, T A AD - Dep. Agric. Sci., Univ. Tasmania, GPO Box 252-54, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 133 EP - 142 VL - 38 IS - 2-3 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - growth rate KW - mathematical models KW - media KW - temperature KW - water activity KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16282943?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Development+and+evaluation+of+a+predictive+model+for+the+effect+of+temperature+and+water+activity+on+the+growth+rate+of+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus&rft.au=Miles%2C+D+W%3BRoss%2C+T%3BOlley%2C+J%3BMcMeekin%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Miles&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular analysis of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal strains isolated in Bangladesh between 1993 and 1996: Evidence for emergence of a new clone of the Bengal vibrios AN - 16248842; 4226927 AB - Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal emerged in 1992 and rapidly spread in an epidemic form, in which it replaced exiting strains of V. cholerae O1 in Bangladesh during 1992 and 1993. The subsequent emergence of a new clone of V. cholerae O1 of the El Tor biotype that transiently displaced the O139 vibrios during 1994 to 1995 and the recent reemergence of V. cholerae O139 and its coexistence with the El Tor vibrios demonstrated temporal changes in the epidemiology of cholera in Bangladesh. We studied clonal diversity among V. cholerae O139 strains isolated from cholera patients and environmental surface water since their first appearance until their transient disappearance in 1994 as well as the O139 strains that reemerged during 1995 to 1996 and were isolated in the capital Dhaka and four rural districts of Bangladesh to investigate the origin of the reemerged strains. Analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms in genes for conserved rRNA and cholera toxin (CT) (ctxA) or in DNA sequences flanking these genes revealed four different ribotypes and four different ctx genotypes among the 93 strains of V. cholerae O139 studied. Ribotypes I and II and ctx genotypes A through C were shared by strains isolated from the epidemic outbreak during 1992 and 1993 in Bangladesh and India, ribotype III was represented by a single CT-negative O139 strain from Argentina, and 16 of 27 (59.2%) of the reemerged strains isolated during 1995 and 1996 belonged to a new ribotype of O139 vibrios designated ribotype IV. All 16 strains belonging to ribotype IV also belonged to a new ctx genotype (genotype 4). These results provide evidence for the emergence of a new clone of toxigenic V. cholerae O139 in Bangladesh. Further analysis of the rfb gene cluster by PCR revealed the absence of a large region of the O1-specific rfb operon and the presence of an O139-specific genomic region in all O139 strains. The PCR amplicon corresponding to the rfaD gene of a CT-negative O139 strain from Argentina was smaller in length than those of the toxigenic O139 strains but was identical to those of seven non-O1 and non-O139 strains. All O139 strains except the CT-negative strain carried structural and regulatory genes for CT and toxin-coregulated pili (ctxA, tcpA, tcpI, and toxR). These results suggest that the O139 Bengal strains possibly emerged from an El Tor strain but that the CT-negative non-Bengal O139 strain might have emerged from a non-O1, non-O139 strain. Thus, strains belonging to the O139 serogroup may have emerged from similar serotype-specific genetic changes in more than one progenitor strain of V. cholerae. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Faruque, S M AU - Ahmed, K M AU - Siddique, A K AU - Zaman, K AU - Abdul Alim, ARM AU - Albert, MJ AD - Mol. Genet. Lab., Lab. Sci. Div., ICDDR,B GPO Box 128, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 2299 EP - 2306 VL - 35 IS - 9 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Bangladesh KW - rRNA KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - rfb gene KW - ribotyping KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16248842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Molecular+analysis+of+toxigenic+Vibrio+cholerae+O139+Bengal+strains+isolated+in+Bangladesh+between+1993+and+1996%3A+Evidence+for+emergence+of+a+new+clone+of+the+Bengal+vibrios&rft.au=Faruque%2C+S+M%3BAhmed%2C+K+M%3BSiddique%2C+A+K%3BZaman%2C+K%3BAbdul+Alim%2C+ARM%3BAlbert%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Faruque&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemistry of throughfall, stemflow and litterfall in fertilized and irrigated Pinus radiata AN - 16231132; 4219683 AB - The chemical inputs by rainfall, throughfall and stemflow were studied in a pine plantation located in Pierces Creek Forest, Canberra, Australia. Three treatments were included in the study: a control (C) and two fertilizer treatments. The first fertilizer treatment (F) involved two applications of mixed fertilizers at high rates, the second (IL) involved application of a complete liquid fertilizer with irrigation, so as to remove nutrient and water restrictions to growth. The application rates of nutrients were higher for IL than F. Net inputs of elements in throughfall and stemflow, obtained by subtracting the amounts in the rainfall, were compared for different treatments. For cations (the sum of Ca, Mg, Na and K), the treatment effect on leaching by throughfall and stemflow was IL > F > C; but the F to C differences were greater for throughfall than stemflow. The effects were almost entirely due to increases in concentration, rather than the amount of rainfall becoming throughfall or stemflow. The concentration of nitrogen (as NH sub(4) or NO sub(3)) in throughfall or stemflow could be lower or higher than in rainfall, indicating net removal or leaching, respectively. Net removal occurred for most rainfall events for the control treatment, for a substantial number of events for treatment F, but for few events for treatment IL. The ammonium ion was preferentially removed from throughfall, and nitrate from stemflow. Transfers of potassium and total nitrogen by litterfall, throughfall and stemflow were also studied. The proportions of potassium and nitrogen being transferred by these processes showed little difference between treatments; the overall values for potassium being 60% by throughfall, 4% by stemflow and 36% by litterfall. In contrast the transfer of nitrogen was dominated by litterfall (81%), with 18% by throughfall and 1% by stemflow. JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Crockford, R H AU - Khanna, P K AD - CSIRO, Div. Water Resour., GPO Box 1666, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 1493 EP - 1507 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS, LTD. VL - 11 IS - 11 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16231132?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Processes&rft.atitle=Chemistry+of+throughfall%2C+stemflow+and+litterfall+in+fertilized+and+irrigated+Pinus+radiata&rft.au=Crockford%2C+R+H%3BKhanna%2C+P+K&rft.aulast=Crockford&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1493&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Processes&rft.issn=08856087&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of particles on fibroblast proliferation and bone resorption in vitro AN - 16112488; 4215540 AB - An in vitro study was conducted to determine the ability of particle challenged human peripheral monocytes to modulate fibroblast proliferation and bone resorption. The effects of commercially pure titanium, titanium-aluminum-vanadium, and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene wear debris, either fabricated or retrieved from patients with failed total hip arthroplasties, were examined as a function of the composition, size, and dose of particles. In vitro generated particles were selected to be matched closely in particle size distribution to that found in vivo. Dosages were controlled by standardizing the ratio of particle surface area to mean monocyte surface area. The results support the hypothesis that, in vitro, challenge of monocytes by particulate wear debris results in a biphasic dose response. For the metal particles, fibrogenesis was observed over the range of 1x to 10x surface area ratio (the surface area of particles to the surface area of cells), although for metallic and polyethylene particles, saturated doses of 10x surface area ratio were required to stimulate bone resorption. In addition, metallic particles were able to stimulate fibrogenesis at doses at which simulated and retrieved polyethylene were ineffective. Although there may be a nonosteolytic chronically tolerable annual dose of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene wear debris corresponding to approximately 1x surface area ratio, lower doses, especially of metallic debris, may produce reactive fibroblast proliferation and fibroplasia that may contribute to implant loosening and failure. JF - Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research AU - Shanbhag, A S AU - Jacobs, J J AU - Black, J AU - Galante, JO AU - Glant, T T AD - Dep. Orthop. Surg., Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Med. Cent., 1653 Congress Pkwy., Chicago, IL 60612, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 205 EP - 217 IS - 342 SN - 0009-921X, 0009-921X KW - man KW - polyethylene KW - titanium KW - aluminum KW - vanadium KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts KW - particulate matter KW - cell proliferation KW - metals KW - fibroblasts KW - monocytes KW - bone resorption KW - X 24164:Pathology KW - T 20009:Bone grafts, implants, and biomaterials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16112488?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Orthopaedics+and+Related+Research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+particles+on+fibroblast+proliferation+and+bone+resorption+in+vitro&rft.au=Shanbhag%2C+A+S%3BJacobs%2C+J+J%3BBlack%2C+J%3BGalante%2C+JO%3BGlant%2C+T+T&rft.aulast=Shanbhag&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=342&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Orthopaedics+and+Related+Research&rft.issn=0009921X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fibroblasts; cell proliferation; bone resorption; monocytes; particulate matter; metals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sex ratios, local fitness enhancement and eusociality in the allodapine bee Exoneura richardsoni AN - 16105867; 4209721 AB - Previous studies of a facultatively eusocial allodapine bee, Exoneura rihardsoni Rayment, indicated that high levels of cooperative nesting among close relatives seem to be maintained by benefits that lead to increases in per capita brood production. These traits could lead to local fitness enhancement, which in turn could select for female-biased sex ratios. We show here that sex investment ratios in this species are female-biased in small colony sizes, becoming progressively male-biased in larger colonies, consistent with expectations for local fitness enhancement, but not explainable by alternative models. Our results support previous suggestions that local fitness enhancement can lead to sex ratio bias in primitively social Hymenoptera, but differ from previous studies by suggesting that patterns of bias could lower selective thresholds for sib-directed altruism in small colonies, but have an opposing effect in large colonies. JF - Evolutionary Ecology AU - Cronin, AL AU - Schwarz, M P AD - Sch. Biol. Sci., Flinders Univ. South Australia, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 567 EP - 577 VL - 11 IS - 5 SN - 0269-7653, 0269-7653 KW - Exoneura richardsoni KW - Entomology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - fitness KW - social organization KW - sex ratio KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05220:General KW - Y 25523:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16105867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evolutionary+Ecology&rft.atitle=Sex+ratios%2C+local+fitness+enhancement+and+eusociality+in+the+allodapine+bee+Exoneura+richardsoni&rft.au=Cronin%2C+AL%3BSchwarz%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Cronin&rft.aufirst=AL&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=567&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Evolutionary+Ecology&rft.issn=02697653&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sex ratio; fitness; social organization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of immune responses in patients infected with Vibrio cholerae O139 and O1 AN - 16082739; 4115681 AB - Vibrio cholerae O139 has recently emerged as the second etiologic agent of cholera in Asia. A study was carried out to evaluate the induction of specific immune responses to the organism in V. cholerae O139-infected patients. The immune responses to V. cholerae O139 Bengal were studied in patients by measuring antibody-secreting cells (ASC), as well as vibriocidal and antitoxic antibodies in the circulation. These responses were compared with those in patients with V. cholerae O1 disease. Strong immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgM ASC responses were seen against the homologous lipopolysaccharide or serogroup of V. cholerae. The magnitude and isotype of the responses were similar in O139- and O1-infected patients. Vibriocidal antibody responses were seen against bacteria of the homologous but not heterologous serogroup, and these responses reflect the lack of cross-protection between the infections caused by the two serogroups. The two groups of patients showed comparable cholera toxin-specific ASC responses, with the IgG isotype dominating over the IgA isotype, as well as comparable antitoxic immune responses in plasma. These results suggest that despite having a polysaccharide capsule, V. cholerae O139 induces systemic and intestine-derived ASC responses in peripheral blood comparable to those seen in patients with V. cholerae O1 disease. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Qadri, F AU - Wenneraas, C AU - Albert, MJ AU - Hossain, J AU - Mannoor, K AU - Begum, YA AU - Mohi, G AU - Salam, MA AU - Sack, R B AU - Svennerholm, A-M AD - Lab. Sci. Div., ICDDR, B, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 3571 EP - 3576 VL - 65 IS - 9 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - man KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - immunoglobulin M KW - immunoglobulin A KW - cholera KW - Vibrio cholerae KW - immune response KW - Immune response (humoral) KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16082739?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+immune+responses+in+patients+infected+with+Vibrio+cholerae+O139+and+O1&rft.au=Qadri%2C+F%3BWenneraas%2C+C%3BAlbert%2C+MJ%3BHossain%2C+J%3BMannoor%2C+K%3BBegum%2C+YA%3BMohi%2C+G%3BSalam%2C+MA%3BSack%2C+R+B%3BSvennerholm%2C+A-M&rft.aulast=Qadri&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vibrio cholerae; cholera; immune response; immunoglobulin A; immunoglobulin M; Immune response (humoral) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors Associated with Serum Levels of Estradiol and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Among Premenopausal Japanese Women AN - 14467172; 10543112 AB - In a group of Japanese women aged 1242 yr, serum levels of estradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were determined and related to potential risk factors for breast cancer, such as physical activity, alcohol use, and birth month. The findings showed that higher physical activity at 1315 yr of age was related to decreased estradiol levels on the eleventh day of the menstrual cycle in adulthood. Body mass index was significantly correlated with a decreasing level of SHBG on the eleventh day of the cycle. No significant associations were found between estradiol levels at days 11 or 22 and the variables for parity, smoking, alcohol consumption, maternal age at delivery, or ages at menarche and start of regular cycle. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Nagata, Chisato AU - Kaneda, Nobuyuki AU - Kabuto, Michinori AU - Shimizu, Hiroyuki Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 994 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - CANCER RISK KW - BLOOD ANALYSIS KW - HORMONES KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14467172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Factors+Associated+with+Serum+Levels+of+Estradiol+and+Sex+Hormone-Binding+Globulin+Among+Premenopausal+Japanese+Women&rft.au=Nagata%2C+Chisato%3BKaneda%2C+Nobuyuki%3BKabuto%2C+Michinori%3BShimizu%2C+Hiroyuki&rft.aulast=Nagata&rft.aufirst=Chisato&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=994&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 3 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - CANCER RISK; BLOOD ANALYSIS; HORMONES ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Associations Between Soil Lead and Childhood Blood Lead in Urban New Orleans and Rural Lafourche Parish of Louisiana AN - 14467158; 10543106 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Mielke, Howard W AU - Dugas, Dianne AU - Mielke, Paul W AU - Smith, Kabrina S AU - Smith, Stephanie L AU - Gonzales, Chris R Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 950 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - SOIL CONTAMINATION KW - URBANRURAL COMPARISONS KW - BLOOD LEAD LEVEL KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - LOUISIANA KW - LEAD KW - BUILDING AGE KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14467158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Associations+Between+Soil+Lead+and+Childhood+Blood+Lead+in+Urban+New+Orleans+and+Rural+Lafourche+Parish+of+Louisiana&rft.au=Mielke%2C+Howard+W%3BDugas%2C+Dianne%3BMielke%2C+Paul+W%3BSmith%2C+Kabrina+S%3BSmith%2C+Stephanie+L%3BGonzales%2C+Chris+R&rft.aulast=Mielke&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=950&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 3 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - SOIL CONTAMINATION; URBANRURAL COMPARISONS; LOUISIANA; BLOOD LEAD LEVEL; LEAD; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN; BUILDING AGE ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rice Burning and Asthma Hospitalizations, Butte County, California, 19831992 AN - 14466182; 10543110 AB - In the Sacramento Valley of California, rice burning is practiced widely to rid waste stubble from fields prior to replanting. Results are presented from a study that examined the possible effects of rice burning on asthma hospitalizations in Butte County. Daily asthma hospitalization information was compiled using 198392 discharge data. Ozone values were continuously measured, along with carbon monoxide, suspended particulate matter, and the soiling index. Results showed that all air-quality parameters showed small but nonstatistically significant elevations of relative risk for daily asthma hospitalizations. The highest correlation was found for PM sub(10) values. Increases in rice-straw burn acreage were found to contribute to hospital admissions for asthma in the county. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Jacobs, Jeffrey AU - Kreutzer, Richard AU - Smith, Daniel Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 980 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - AIR ANALYSIS KW - CONTROLLED BURNING KW - CARBON MONOXIDE KW - PARTICULATES KW - OZONE KW - CALIFORNIA KW - RICE KW - ASTHMA KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14466182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Rice+Burning+and+Asthma+Hospitalizations%2C+Butte+County%2C+California%2C+1983%26lt%3BND%26gt%3B1992&rft.au=Jacobs%2C+Jeffrey%3BKreutzer%2C+Richard%3BSmith%2C+Daniel&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=980&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - AIR ANALYSIS; CALIFORNIA; CONTROLLED BURNING; RICE; CARBON MONOXIDE; ASTHMA; OZONE; PARTICULATES ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prioritizing Testing of Organic Compounds Detected as Gas Phase Air Pollutants: StructureActivity Study for Human Contact Allergens AN - 14466079; 10543111 AB - The CASE/MULTICASE system, which is knowledge-based, was used to analyze the gas-phase organic compounds in urban air and in air-pollution-source emissions in an effort to prioritize the compounds for further testing as human contact allergens. The compounds examined, which are tabulated, were obtained from two separate sets of data collected in the Los Angeles, CA, area. The CASE/MULTICASE methodology is described. The compounds ranked highest in priority for further testing were found to include dichloromethane, tetrachloroethylene, 1-hexene, trichloroethylene, and 1,1-dichloroethylene. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Johnson, Robert AU - Macina, Orest T AU - Graham, Cynthia AU - Rosenkranz, Herbert S AU - Cass, Glen R AU - Karol, Meryl H Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 986 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - AIR ANALYSIS KW - CHEMICAL ANALYSIS KW - ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - ALLERGIES KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14466079?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Prioritizing+Testing+of+Organic+Compounds+Detected+as+Gas+Phase+Air+Pollutants%3A+Structure%26lt%3BND%26gt%3BActivity+Study+for+Human+Contact+Allergens&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Robert%3BMacina%2C+Orest+T%3BGraham%2C+Cynthia%3BRosenkranz%2C+Herbert+S%3BCass%2C+Glen+R%3BKarol%2C+Meryl+H&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=986&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - AIR ANALYSIS; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; ALLERGIES ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanisms of and Facility Types Involved in Hazardous Materials Incidents AN - 14466063; 10543113 AB - Massachusetts Hazmat Teams are made up of selected firefighters from fire departments in the urban and rural areas. Data are presented from all 165 hazmat responses by these teams since their inception through February 1994. The proportion of incidents resulting in injury was highest for explosions, which often caused inhalation exposures, explosion-related trauma, and chemical burns. The majority of the incidents occurred at fixed facilities. Oil was involved in almost half of transportation-related incidents. Extensive data are presented on the frequency of causes of hazardous-materials incidents, facility types where these incidents occurred, and hazardous materials frequently found at the facility types and activity types during accidents. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kales, Stephen N AU - Polyhronopoulos, Gerry N AU - Castro, Michael J AU - Goldman, Rose H AU - Christiani, David C Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 998 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - CHEMICAL SPILLS KW - MASSACHUSETTS KW - CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14466063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+of+and+Facility+Types+Involved+in+Hazardous+Materials+Incidents&rft.au=Kales%2C+Stephen+N%3BPolyhronopoulos%2C+Gerry+N%3BCastro%2C+Michael+J%3BGoldman%2C+Rose+H%3BChristiani%2C+David+C&rft.aulast=Kales&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=998&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 3 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - CHEMICAL SPILLS; MASSACHUSETTS; CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Front-Door Concentrations and Personal Exposures of Danish Children to Nitrogen Dioxide AN - 14466052; 10543108 AB - Maps and traffic counts were used to identify streets in Copenhagen, Denmark, and in rural areas with high and low traffic density, respectively. These sites were then used to determine if the front-door concentration of traffic exhaust fumes could be used to classify the actual personal exposure of children to nitrogen dioxide. Diffusive badge samplers were placed outside the front door of each home, inside the child's bedroom, and on each child. Results indicated that the front-door NO sub(2) concentration accounted for 15 and 35% of the variation in personal exposures in Copenhagen and in the rural districts, respectively. The relationship between front-door concentrations of traffic exhaust fumes and personal exposures was strengthened by the exclusion of respondents on the basis of potential indoor sources of NO sub(2) and secondary exclusion of participants on the basis of diary notes about the duration of exposure to the same indoor sources. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole AU - Skov, Henrik AU - Lohse, Christian AU - Thomsen, Birthe L AU - Olsen, Jorgen H Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 964 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - NITROGEN DIOXIDE KW - AIR ANALYSIS KW - DENMARK KW - URBANRURAL COMPARISONS KW - AUTOMOBILE EMISSIONS KW - SOURCE MEASUREMENT KW - TRAFFIC, VEHICULAR KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14466052?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Front-Door+Concentrations+and+Personal+Exposures+of+Danish+Children+to+Nitrogen+Dioxide&rft.au=Raaschou-Nielsen%2C+Ole%3BSkov%2C+Henrik%3BLohse%2C+Christian%3BThomsen%2C+Birthe+L%3BOlsen%2C+Jorgen+H&rft.aulast=Raaschou-Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Ole&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=964&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 3 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DENMARK; AIR ANALYSIS; NITROGEN DIOXIDE; URBANRURAL COMPARISONS; TRAFFIC, VEHICULAR; SOURCE MEASUREMENT; AUTOMOBILE EMISSIONS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Renal Effects of Environmental and Occupational Lead Exposure AN - 14465656; 10543105 AB - The current knowledge of the renal effects of chronic lead exposure in humans is summarized. Areas considered include: historical Pb poisoning, environmental Pb exposure, Pb nephropathy, childhood Pb poisoning, exposure through consumption of illegally distilled whiskey, hyperuricemia, gout, hypertension, tests for the detection of kidney damage due to Pb exposure, and methods to assess increased body Pb burden. The data reveal that acute Pb poisoning in humans causes destruction of proximal tubular architecture with functional disturbances, including aminoaciduria, glycosuria, and phosphaturia. These changes are reversible, however, after chelation therapy. Because more than 90% of Pb is stored in bone, blood Pb levels are a poor indicator of body burden. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Loghman-Adham, Mahmoud Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 928 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - PATHOLOGY, HUMAN KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HUMAN KW - DISEASES AND DISORDERS KW - LEAD KW - NEPHROTOXICITY KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14465656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Renal+Effects+of+Environmental+and+Occupational+Lead+Exposure&rft.au=Loghman-Adham%2C+Mahmoud&rft.aulast=Loghman-Adham&rft.aufirst=Mahmoud&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=928&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DISEASES AND DISORDERS; PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HUMAN; PATHOLOGY, HUMAN; LEAD; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN; NEPHROTOXICITY ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Residential Exposure to Plasticizers and Its Possible Role in the Pathogenesis of Asthma AN - 14465514; 10543109 AB - The plasticizer, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), is used widely in the production of PVC and vinyl chloride resins and can accumulate to a great extent in building interior surfaces. Sedimented dust and suspended particulate matter samples were collected inside dwellings in Oslo, Norway, and the adsorbed DEHP was determined. The data were then related to the incidence of asthma in each home. Results indicated that DEHP accounted for 69 and 52% of the total amount of phthalates adsorbed to sedimented dust and suspended particulate matter, respectively. The particulate inhalation exposure to DEHP was considered to be significant. A mechanism of the pathogenesis of asthma is proposed based on these findings, which holds that mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, the main hydrolysis product of DEHP, mimics the induction prostaglandins and thromboxanes in the lungs. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Oie, Leif AU - Hersoug, Lars-Georg AU - Madsen, Jorgen Ogaard Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 972 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - PATHOLOGY, HUMAN KW - PHTHALIC ACID ESTERS KW - AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR KW - ASTHMA KW - PARTICULATES KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14465514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Residential+Exposure+to+Plasticizers+and+Its+Possible+Role+in+the+Pathogenesis+of+Asthma&rft.au=Oie%2C+Leif%3BHersoug%2C+Lars-Georg%3BMadsen%2C+Jorgen+Ogaard&rft.aulast=Oie&rft.aufirst=Leif&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=972&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 2 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - PATHOLOGY, HUMAN; PHTHALIC ACID ESTERS; AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR; ASTHMA; PARTICULATES ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lead Exposure and Intelligence in 7-Year-Old Children: the Yugoslavia Prospective Study AN - 14464954; 10543107 AB - The Yugoslavia Prospective Study is chronologically the last of the major prospective studies that examined the consequences of pre- and postnatal lead exposure. The study was conducted in two towns, one containing a Pb smelter, refinery, and battery factory, and the other nonexposed. An assessment was conducted of intellectual functioning of children at ages 5 and 7 yr in relation to blood Pb levels. Childhood intelligence was assessed by the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for ChildrenVersion III. Results indicated a small but statistically significant adverse impact of blood Pb on school-age Full Scale, Verbal, and Performance IQ. Cognitive functions related to perceptual organization and to resistance to distraction appeared to be most negatively affected by Pb exposure. These adverse impacts were small, however, compared to the more substantial impact of sociodemographic variables. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Wasserman, Gail A AU - Liu, Xinhua AU - Lolacono, Nancy J AU - Factor-Litvak, Pam AU - Kline, Jennie K AU - Popovac, Dusan AU - Morina, Nada Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 956 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS KW - BLOOD LEAD LEVEL KW - YUGOSLAVIA KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14464954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Lead+Exposure+and+Intelligence+in+7-Year-Old+Children%3A+the+Yugoslavia+Prospective+Study&rft.au=Wasserman%2C+Gail+A%3BLiu%2C+Xinhua%3BLolacono%2C+Nancy+J%3BFactor-Litvak%2C+Pam%3BKline%2C+Jennie+K%3BPopovac%2C+Dusan%3BMorina%2C+Nada&rft.aulast=Wasserman&rft.aufirst=Gail&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=956&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 5 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS; BLOOD LEAD LEVEL; YUGOSLAVIA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacokinetic interrelationships of irinotecan (CPT-11) and its three major plasma metabolites in patients enrolled in phase I/II trials. AN - 79639003; 9815808 AB - Irinotecan (CPT-11) is an analogue of 20(S)-camptothecin with promising activity against several tumor types. In patients, CPT-11 is metabolized to 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) and to the beta-glucuronide of SN-38. Recently, we identified an additional metabolite of CPT-11, 7-ethyl-10-[4-N-(5-aminopentanoic acid)-1-piperidino] carbonyloxycamptothecin (APC; L. P. Rivory et al. , Cancer Res., 56: 3689-3694, 1996). The aim of this study was to investigate the interrelationships of all four compounds to identify factors that might be responsible for the large interpatient variability in CPT-11 and SN-38 kinetics. The plasma kinetics of CPT-11, SN-38, the beta-glucuronide of SN-38, and APC were studied in 19 patients for a total of 33 cycles (115-600 mg/m2). Although the area under the concentration curves (AUCs) of all compounds studied increased with dose, there was considerable variability. Ratios of the AUCs of the appropriate compounds were used as estimates of the major routes of metabolism (conversion of CPT-11 to SN-38, metabolism of CPT-11 to APC, and glucuronidation of SN-38). Each ratio varied more than 10-fold across the patient population, and the apparent extent of conversion of CPT-11 to SN-38 was highest at the 115 mg/m2 dose level. Interestingly, AUCSN-38 was greater in patients with both high AUCCPT-11 and AUCAPC. We conclude that the variability of the pharmacokinetics of CPT-11 and SN-38 is likely to be due to extensive interpatient differences in the pathways implicated in the metabolism of CPT-11. JF - Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research AU - Rivory, L P AU - Haaz, M C AU - Canal, P AU - Lokiec, F AU - Armand, J P AU - Robert, J AD - Department of Medicine, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia. Lrivory@gpo.pa.up.edu.au Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 1261 EP - 1266 VL - 3 IS - 8 SN - 1078-0432, 1078-0432 KW - 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin beta-glucuronide KW - 0 KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic KW - Glucuronates KW - RPR 121056 KW - irinotecan KW - 0H43101T0J KW - Camptothecin KW - XT3Z54Z28A KW - Index Medicus KW - France KW - Glucuronates -- blood KW - Biotransformation KW - Humans KW - Metabolic Clearance Rate KW - Models, Biological KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic -- pharmacokinetics KW - Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Camptothecin -- pharmacokinetics KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic -- therapeutic use KW - Neoplasms -- blood KW - Camptothecin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic -- blood KW - Camptothecin -- therapeutic use KW - Camptothecin -- adverse effects KW - Camptothecin -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79639003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Pharmacokinetic+interrelationships+of+irinotecan+%28CPT-11%29+and+its+three+major+plasma+metabolites+in+patients+enrolled+in+phase+I%2FII+trials.&rft.au=Rivory%2C+L+P%3BHaaz%2C+M+C%3BCanal%2C+P%3BLokiec%2C+F%3BArmand%2C+J+P%3BRobert%2C+J&rft.aulast=Rivory&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=10780432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Meeting the Information Needs of Education Policymakers. Perspectives on Education Policy Research. AN - 62631961; ED409635 AB - The National Institute on Educational Governance, Finance, Policymaking, and Management (part of the Office of Educational Research and Improvement) helps state and local policymakers and educators use knowledge from research to govern, fund, lead, and manage elementary and secondary schools. This document summarizes what policymakers have said are the most critical issues and research needs facing them. It is based on the views of policymakers and leaders as expressed at a planning forum sponsored by the Institute and in papers commissioned for that forum. The first section examines some critical issues for future research, grouped by the following major themes: issues related to the inputs and outcomes of education; issues related to the structure and process of education; issues related to the core of teaching and learning; and issues related to the broader context of education. The next section summarizes policymakers' ideas about how to effectively present and disseminate research information to a policy audience. The final section discusses strategies for encouraging ongoing dialogue between policymakers and researchers. (LMI) AU - Schwartz, Rod Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 28 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9318. VL - GFI-97-9504 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Policymakers KW - Researchers KW - School Community Relationship KW - Information Dissemination KW - Educational Finance KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Accountability KW - Educational Improvement KW - Instructional Improvement KW - Educational Change KW - Policy Formation KW - Educational Policy KW - Governance KW - Information Needs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62631961?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Technical Report of the NAEP 1996 State Assessment Program in Mathematics. AN - 62557453; ED414186 AB - The purpose of this report is to provide technical information about the 1996 State Assessment in Mathematics. It provides a description of the design for the State Assessment and gives an overview of the steps involved in the implementation of the program from the planning stages through to the analysis and reporting of the data. The report describes in detail the development of the cognitive and background questions, the field procedures, the creation of the database and data products for analysis, and the methods and procedures used for sampling, analysis, and reporting. It does not provide the results of the assessment--rather, it provides information on how those results were derived. Chapters include: (1) "Overview: The Design, Implementation, and Analysis of the 1996 State Assessment Program in Mathematics"; (2) "Developing the Mathematics Objectives, Cognitive Items, Background Questions, and Assessment Instruments"; (3) "Sample Design and Selection"; (4) "State and School Cooperation and Field Administration"; (5) "Processing and Scoring Assessment Materials"; (6) "Creation of the Database, Quality Control of Data Entry, and Creation of the Database Products"; (7) "Weighting Procedures and Variance Estimation"; (8) "Theoretical Background and Philosophy of National Assessment Educational Progress (NAEP) Scaling Procedures"; (9) "Data Analysis and Scaling for the 1996 State Assessment Program in Mathematics"; and (10) "Conventions Used in Reporting the Results of the 1996 State Assessment Program in Mathematics." Appendices include: "Participants in the Objectives and Item Development Process"; "Summary of Participation Rates"; "Conditioning Variables and Contrast Codings"; "IRT (Item Response Theory) Parameters for Mathematics Items"; "State Assessment Program Reporting Subgroups; Composite and Derived Common Background Variables; and Composite and Derived Reporting Variables"; "Setting the NAEP Achievement Levels for the 1996 State Assessment in Mathematics"; "Correction of the NAEP Program Documentation Error in the 1992 State Mathematics Results"; "The Information Weighting Error"; and "Sample Design and Selection Tables." (Contains 78 references.) (ASK) AU - Allen, Nancy L. AU - Jenkins, Frank AU - Kulick, Edward AU - Zelenak, Christine A. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 647 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-97-951 KW - National Assessment of Educational Progress KW - State Mathematics Assessments KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Mathematics Achievement KW - National Programs KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Standardized Tests KW - National Surveys KW - National Competency Tests KW - Mathematics Education KW - Evaluation Methods KW - Evaluation Criteria KW - Mathematics Curriculum KW - Student Evaluation KW - Educational Assessment KW - Tables (Data) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62557453?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Written "in collaboration with" 38 other individua N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Directory of Federal Libraries and Information Centers: 1994. Technical Report. AN - 62555996; ED411801 AB - This Directory is based on a survey of 1,234 federal libraries and information centers in the 50 states and the District of Columbia conducted in 1994. The survey was developed and funded by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) with the advice and guidance of a survey working group of the Federal Library and Information Center Committee of the Library of Congress and was conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. The Directory is organized by branch of government (Legislative, Judicial, or Executive), by agency in the Legislative and Judicial Branches and by department in the Executive Branch. Within each department, agencies are listed alphabetically and within the agency, libraries and information centers are listed by state with the states arranged alphabetically. Each library and information center has four entries: its name, its address, the name and telephone number of a contact person, and the type of library or information center. The type of library or information center represents the library's or information center's primary subject-matter acquisitions. The following types of libraries and information centers are used in the Directory: presidential, national, academic, engineering and science, health and medicine, general, law, multi-type, training center and/or instructional technical school, and special. (Author/AEF) AU - Hollins, Martha Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 105 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Library Statistics KW - Public Agencies KW - State Libraries KW - Library Surveys KW - Government (Administrative Body) KW - Directories KW - Government Libraries KW - Federal Government KW - Reference Materials KW - National Surveys KW - National Libraries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62555996?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - This Directory represents information as of Septem N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The 1994 High School Transcript Study Tabulations: Comparative Data on Credits Earned and Demographics for 1994, 1990, 1987, and 1982 High School Graduates. E.D. Tabs AN - 62551264; ED412277 AB - The 1994 High School Transcript Study (HSTS) provides the Department of Education and other policymakers with information about current course offerings and students' course-taking patterns in the nation's secondary schools. One objective was to determine changes in course offering and selection patterns since the previous studies in 1982, 1987, and 1990. Another objective was to compare course-taking patterns to results from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), an assessment of educational achievement nationwide. In 1994, transcripts were collected for more than 25,000 students who graduated from high school that year. These students were from 340 schools that participated in the NAEP. Information in this report documents a significant increase since 1982 in the percentage of graduates completing curricula recommended by the National Commission on Excellence in Education. As of 1994, over 25% of high school graduates are completing programs satisfying the Commission's recommendations for college-bound graduates, and nearly one-third are completing the Commission's core curriculum. Chapters 1, 2, and 3 of this report contain highlights of the study results, descriptions of the studies from 1982 through 1994, an introduction to the tables of data, a brief description of subject taxonomy, a discussion of the comparability of samples in the studies, and directions for testing the significance of differences reported in the tables. Appendix A contains tables of study data, and Appendix B lists study codes for each category of data. (Contains 121 tables.) (SLD) AU - Legum, Stanley AU - Caldwell, Nancy AU - Davis, Bryan AU - Haynes, Jacqueline AU - Hill, Telford J. AU - Litavecz, Stephen AU - Rizzo, Lou AU - Rust, Keith AU - Vo, Ngoan Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 1153 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160491762 KW - High School Transcript Study KW - National Assessment of Educational Progress KW - National Center for Education Statistics KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Policymakers KW - Research Methodology KW - Academic Achievement KW - Educational Trends KW - National Surveys KW - Core Curriculum KW - Academic Records KW - Research Design KW - High Schools KW - Policy Formation KW - Educational Policy KW - Course Selection (Students) KW - Data Processing KW - Data Collection KW - Sampling KW - Sample Size KW - Tables (Data) KW - High School Students KW - Trend Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62551264?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For the study's technical report, see ED 411 325. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). AN - 62550009; ED417522 AB - This bibliography lists approximately 130 references concerning children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). An introduction briefly describes the scope of what is being included under this term. It then lists the Library of Congress subject headings which are relevant to the topic. The citations include author, title, an annotation (occasionally), and the Library of Congress cataloging number. Citations are listed under the following categories: basic texts, books for children and younger readers, books for adolescents and teens, books for adults with ADHD, books for parents, books for teachers and educators, books for practitioners and clinicians, books on therapy and treatment, personal narratives, related titles, bibliographies, directories, journals, journal articles, abstracting and indexing services (with relevant subject terms), and organizational resources. (DB) AU - Cadoree, Michelle Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 18 PB - Science Reference Section, Science and Technology Division, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Avenue, S.E., Washington, DC 20540-4750. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Databases KW - Periodicals KW - Child Rearing KW - Books KW - Attention Deficit Disorders KW - Organizations (Groups) KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Resources KW - Hyperactivity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62550009?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Early Labor Force Experiences and Debt Burden. Postsecondary Education Descriptive Analysis Reports. Statistical Analysis Report. AN - 62549998; ED411746 AB - This study used data from the Baccalaureate and Beyond (B&B) and Beginning Postsecondary Student (BPS) studies to examine: the early labor force experiences of college students who either graduated or dropped out; student borrowing for postsecondary education; and student loan debt burden and repayment status. The B&B group (n=11,000) was followed one year after graduation in 1992-93. The nonbaccalaureates (n=8000) were those from the BPS group who enrolled in 1989-90 but did not graduate. Among the study's findings were: 87 percent of the graduates and 81 percent of the nonbaccalaureate group were employed in April of 1994; the average salary in 1994 was $22,100 for graduates and $16,600 for non-graduates; during the first year of graduation, about 29 percent of graduates had experienced unemployment, whereas among the nonbaccalaureate group, about one-third had experienced unemployment (since 1989); nearly one half of the graduates borrowed some money for their education--an average of $10,200; one year after graduating, 63 percent of bachelor's degree recipients had no debt; 29 percent of graduates were required to make loan payments, and the remaining 8 percent still owed but were not required to make payments; graduates were repaying on average of $136 per month, non-graduates an average of $76 per month. Appendixes include a glossary and technical notes on the methodology.(DM) AU - Choy, Susan P. AU - Geis, Sonya AU - Carroll, Dennis C. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 134 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-97-286 KW - Baccalaureate and Beyond Longitudinal Study (NCES) KW - Beginning Postsecondary Students Long Study KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Student Loan Programs KW - Loan Repayment KW - Unemployment KW - Employment Statistics KW - Debt (Financial) KW - Higher Education KW - Employment KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Outcomes of Education KW - Occupational Surveys KW - Income KW - Financial Problems KW - Dropouts KW - Student Financial Aid KW - Work Experience KW - Bachelors Degrees KW - College Graduates KW - College Outcomes Assessment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62549998?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The 1994 High School Transcript Study Technical Report. AN - 62535752; ED411325 AB - The 1994 High School Transcript Study (HSTS) provides the Department of Education and other policymakers with information about current course offerings and students' course-taking patterns in the nation's secondary schools. One objective was to determine changes in course offering and selection patterns since the previous studies in 1982, 1987, and 1990. Another research objective was to compare course-taking patterns to results from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), an assessment of educational achievement nationwide. In 1994, transcripts were collected for more than 25,000 students who graduated from high school that year. These students were from 340 schools that participated in the NAEP. This technical report documents the procedures used to collect and summarize the data. An accompanying volume provides tables of findings, and another contains the data file user's manual. The following sections are included: (1) "Executive Summary"; (2) "Background: Sample Design"; (3) "Selection of Schools and Students for the 1994 High School Transcript Study"; (4) "Data Collection Procedures"; (5) "Data Processing Procedures"; (6) "Weighting and Estimation of Sampling Variance"; (7) "1994 High School Transcript Study Data Files"; and (8) "References." Five appendixes provide supplementary information about the study methodology. (Contains 30 tables, 2 figures, 23 exhibits, and 18 references.) (SLD) AU - Legum, Stanley AU - Caldwell, Nancy AU - Davis, Bryan AU - Haynes, Jacqueline AU - Hill, Telford J. AU - Litavecz, Stephen AU - Rizzo, Lou AU - Rust, Keith AU - Vo, Ngoan Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 203 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160491703 KW - High School Transcript Study KW - National Assessment of Educational Progress KW - National Center for Education Statistics KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Policymakers KW - Research Methodology KW - Academic Achievement KW - Educational Trends KW - National Surveys KW - Core Curriculum KW - Academic Records KW - Research Design KW - High Schools KW - Policy Formation KW - Educational Policy KW - Course Selection (Students) KW - Data Processing KW - Data Collection KW - Sampling KW - Sample Size KW - Tables (Data) KW - High School Students KW - Trend Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62535752?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For the High School Transcript Study tabulations, N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Report on Legal Protection for Databases. A Report of the Register of Copyrights. August, 1997. AN - 62535746; ED418726 AB - This report gives an overview of the past and present domestic and international legal framework for database protection. It describes database industry practices in securing protection against unauthorized use and Copyright Office registration practices relating to databases. Finally, it discusses issues raised and concerns expressed in a series of Copyright Office meetings to create a new federal intellectual property right in databases. The report is divided into the following sections: (1) "Copyright Protection for Databases in the United States"; (2) "Database Industry Practices"; (3) "Copyright Office Registration Practices"; (4) "The International Context"; (5) "Prior Congressional Consideration"; (6) "Copyright Office Meetings"; and (7) "Issues" (including general, needs for additional protection, form of new protection, definitions, public interest users, duration, sole source data, and constitutionality). Appendices include: the Copyright Office Circular 65; European Database Directive; Proposed WIPO Database Treaty; Database Investment and Intellectual Property Antipiracy Act of 1996, H.R. 3531; and Copyright Office Database Meeting Participants. (AEF) Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 234 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328 ($20; non-U.S. price, $25). SN - 0160492114 KW - Copyright Office KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Fair Use (Copyrights) KW - Databases KW - Legal Problems KW - Intellectual Property KW - Information Technology KW - Federal Legislation KW - Information Policy KW - Access to Information KW - Copyrights KW - Federal Regulation KW - Nonprint Media UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62535746?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - (super 222) Rn transport in a fractured crystalline rock aquifer; results from numerical simulations AN - 52693483; 1997-055949 AB - Dissolved (super 222) Rn concentrations in ground water from a small wellfield underlain by fractured Middle Proterozoic Pikes Peak Granite southwest of Denver, Colorado range from 124 to 840 kBqm (super -3) (3360-22700 pCiL (super -1) ). Numerical simulations of flow and transport between two wells show that differences in equivalent hydraulic aperture of transmissive fractures, assuming a simplified two-fracture system and the parallel-plate model, can account for the different (super 222) Rn concentrations in each well under steady-state conditions. Transient flow and transport simulations show that (super 222) Rn concentrations along the fracture profile are influenced by (super 222) Rn concentrations in the adjoining fracture and depend on boundary conditions, proximity of the pumping well to the fracture intersection, transmissivity of the conductive fractures, and pumping rate. Non-homogeneous distribution (point sources) of (super 222) Rn parent radionuclides, uranium and (super 226) Ra, can strongly perturb the dissolved (super 222) Rn concentrations in a fracture system. Without detailed information on the geometry and hydraulic properties of the connected fracture system, it may be impossible to distinguish the influence of factors controlling (super 222) Rn distribution or to determine location of (super 222) Rn point sources in the field in areas where ground water exhibits moderate (super 222) Rn concentrations. Flow and transport simulations of a hypothetical multifracture system consisting of ten connected fractures, each 10m in length with fracture apertures ranging from 0.1 to 1.0mm, show that (super 222) Rn concentrations at the pumping well can vary significantly over time. Assuming parallel-plate flow, transmissivities of the hypothetical system vary over four orders of magnitude because transmissivity varies with the cube of fracture aperture. The extreme hydraulic heterogeneity of the simple hypothetical system leads to widely ranging (super 222) Rn values, even assuming homogeneous distribution of uranium and (super 226) Ra along fracture walls. Consequently, it is concluded that (super 222) Rn concentrations vary, not only with the geometric and stress factors noted above, but also according to local fracture aperture distribution, local groundwater residence time, and flux of (super 222) Rn from parent radionuclides along fracture walls. JF - Journal of Hydrology AU - Folger, Peter F AU - Poeter, Eileen P AU - Wanty, Richard B AU - Day, Warren AU - Frishman, David Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 45 EP - 77 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 195 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - United States KW - fractured materials KW - water quality KW - upper Precambrian KW - isotopes KW - Pikes Peak Batholith KW - igneous rocks KW - Elk Creek basin KW - unsteady flow KW - granites KW - radon KW - north-central Colorado KW - ground water KW - radioactive isotopes KW - plutonic rocks KW - noble gases KW - drainage basins KW - crystalline rocks KW - heterogeneity KW - geochemistry KW - concentration KW - Precambrian KW - numerical models KW - pollution KW - Proterozoic KW - MODFLOW KW - hydrochemistry KW - Rn-222 KW - Mesoproterozoic KW - aquifers KW - Park County Colorado KW - dissolved materials KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - Colorado KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52693483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.atitle=%28super+222%29+Rn+transport+in+a+fractured+crystalline+rock+aquifer%3B+results+from+numerical+simulations&rft.au=Folger%2C+Peter+F%3BPoeter%2C+Eileen+P%3BWanty%2C+Richard+B%3BDay%2C+Warren%3BFrishman%2C+David&rft.aulast=Folger&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221694 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 54 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JHYDA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; Colorado; concentration; crystalline rocks; dissolved materials; drainage basins; Elk Creek basin; fractured materials; geochemistry; granites; ground water; heterogeneity; hydraulic conductivity; hydrochemistry; igneous rocks; isotopes; Mesoproterozoic; MODFLOW; noble gases; north-central Colorado; numerical models; Park County Colorado; Pikes Peak Batholith; plutonic rocks; pollution; Precambrian; Proterozoic; radioactive isotopes; radon; Rn-222; United States; unsteady flow; upper Precambrian; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Belarus and Moldova: country studies AN - 38570686; 1781772 JF - Osteuropa AU - Fedor, Helen AU - Sahm, Astrid AU - Sahm, Astrid Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 832 EP - 833 PB - Federal Research Division Library of Congress VL - 47 IS - 8 SN - 0030-6428, 0030-6428 KW - Political Science KW - Moldova KW - Belarus KW - Countries KW - History KW - Political conditions KW - Eastern Europe UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/38570686?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Osteuropa&rft.atitle=Belarus+and+Moldova%3A+country+studies&rft.au=Fedor%2C+Helen%3BSahm%2C+Astrid&rft.aulast=Fedor&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=832&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Osteuropa&rft.issn=00306428&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 9664; 5889; 2958 12092; 49 119 129; 260 119 129; 119 129 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Three quarters of a century of dictatorship in Russia AN - 214105926; 03400802 AB - The history of the Communist dictatorship in the USSR and the eventual downfall of communism under Mikhail Gorbachev are discussed. During the dark days of communism, men and women political prisoners starved in concentration camps. JF - The Officer AU - Congress of Russian Americans Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 32 EP - 34 CY - Washington PB - Reserve Officers Association VL - 73 IS - 8 SN - 00300268 KW - Military KW - History KW - Communism KW - Atrocities KW - Political prisoners KW - Concentration camps KW - Governmental reform KW - Union of Soviet Socialist Republics KW - USSR UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/214105926?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amilitary&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Officer&rft.atitle=Three+quarters+of+a+century+of+dictatorship+in+Russia&rft.au=Congress+of+Russian+Americans&rft.aulast=Congress+of+Russian+Americans&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Officer&rft.issn=00300268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Central N1 - Copyright - Copyright Reserve Officers Association Aug 1997 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-16 N1 - CODEN - OFERAO N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; USSR ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pea Mutants with Reduced Sensitivity to Far-Red Light Define an Important Role for Phytochrome A in Day-Length Detection. AN - 1859375483; 12223768 AB - In garden pea (Pisum sativum L.), a long-day plant, long photoperiods promote flowering by reducing the synthesis or transport of a graft-transmissible inhibitor of flowering. Previous physiological studies have indicated that this promotive effect is predominantly achieved through a response that requires long exposures to light and for which far-red (FR) light is the most effective. These characteristics implicate the action of phytochrome A (phyA). To investigate this matter further, we screened ethylmethane sulfonate-mutagenized pea seedlings for FR-unresponsive, potentially phyA-deficient mutants. Two allelic, recessive mutants were isolated and were designated fun1 for FR unresponsive. The fun1-1 mutant is specifically deficient in the PHYA apoprotein and has a seedling phenotype indistinguishable from wild type when grown under white light. However, fun1-1 plants grown to maturity under long photoperiods show a highly pleiotropic phenotype, with short internodes, thickened stems, delayed flowering and senescence, longer peduncles, and higher seed yield. This phenotype results in large part from an inability of fun1-1 to detect day extensions. These results establish a crucial role for phyA in the control of flowering in pea, and show that phyA mediates responses to both red and FR light. Furthermore, grafting and epistasis studies with fun1 and dne, a mutant deficient in the floral inhibitor, show that the roles of phyA in seedling deetiolation and in day-length detection are genetically separable and that the phyA-mediated promotion of flowering results from a reduction in the synthesis or transport of the floral inhibitor. JF - Plant physiology AU - Weller, J. L. AU - Murfet, I. C. AU - Reid, J. B. AD - Department of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, G.P.O. Box 252-55, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia (J.L.W., I.C.M., J.B.R.). Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 1225 EP - 1236 VL - 114 IS - 4 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859375483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Pea+Mutants+with+Reduced+Sensitivity+to+Far-Red+Light+Define+an+Important+Role+for+Phytochrome+A+in+Day-Length+Detection.&rft.au=Weller%2C+J.+L.%3BMurfet%2C+I.+C.%3BReid%2C+J.+B.&rft.aulast=Weller&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=1532-2548&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2002-09-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Erosion and sediment characteristics of cultivated forest soils as affected by the mechanical stability of aggregates AN - 16459246; 4371022 AB - Information on erosion and size-distribution of soil and sediment is useful in developing effective soil conservation techniques in farms. The size-distribution and mechanical stability of soil may influence the size-distribution of sediment due to erosion. In this study, erosion and sediment characteristics were measured in simulated rainfall experiments for three forest soils of contrasting physical properties. Four erosion treatments combined varying slope and kinetic energy of rainfall to provide three effective levels of energy from rain and runoff. A comparison of soil loss and size-distribution (quantified as Mean Weight Diameter, MWD) of the uneroded soils with size-distribution of sediment indicated soil loss to be greatest and sediment finest for the soil which was most susceptible to wetting. In contrast, soil loss was low and sediment was coarse for the strongly aggregated soil. Indices of relative mechanical stability have been developed which will assist interpretation of sediment quality and erosion for a range of soils. JF - Catena AU - Teixeira, P C AU - Misra, R K AD - Cooperative Research Centre for Temperate Hardwood Forestry, GPO Box 252-12, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia, paulina.teixeira@ffp.csiro.au Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 119 EP - 134 VL - 30 IS - 2-3 SN - 0341-8162, 0341-8162 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16459246?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catena&rft.atitle=Erosion+and+sediment+characteristics+of+cultivated+forest+soils+as+affected+by+the+mechanical+stability+of+aggregates&rft.au=Teixeira%2C+P+C%3BMisra%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Teixeira&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Catena&rft.issn=03418162&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating the WATBAL sediment loading model, Clearwater National Forest, Idaho AN - 16317746; 4254143 AB - Efforts to protect water quality while managing national forests for logging purposes are currently constrained by limited information on the application, interpretation, and validation of sediment loading models. For years, these models have been used to predict the impacts of logging, road-building, and fires on sediment loading to streams. However, in the Clearwater National Forest, where the WATBAL sediment loading model is used, model results have never been compared to actual field measurements. Without model validation, forest managers are working with unverified information regarding the impacts of logging activities on aquatic systems. To effectively manage our national forests and their aquatic ecosystems, we must provide accurate information to forest managers. This paper presents the results of comparing the WATBAL output to field measurements of sediment loading to streams in the Clearwater National Forest, ID. JF - Northwest Science AU - Hickey, R AD - Sch. Surveying and Land Information, Curtin Univ. Technol., GPO Box U1987, Perth 6845, Western Australia, Australia Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 233 EP - 242 VL - 71 IS - 3 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - USA, Idaho KW - WATBAL KW - forests KW - logging KW - mathematical models KW - models KW - sediments KW - streams KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Forests KW - Freshwater KW - Water quality KW - Streams KW - USA, Idaho, Clearwater Natl. Forest KW - Forestry KW - Mathematical models KW - Forest industry KW - Sediments KW - Erosion KW - Sediment load KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - D 04125:Temperate forests KW - Q2 09182:Methods and instruments KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16317746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Evaluating+the+WATBAL+sediment+loading+model%2C+Clearwater+National+Forest%2C+Idaho&rft.au=Hickey%2C+R&rft.aulast=Hickey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erosion; Mathematical models; Forest industry; Forests; Sediment load; Water quality; Streams; Sediments; Forestry; USA, Idaho, Clearwater Natl. Forest; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Validation of a model describing the effects of temperature and water activity on the growth of psychrotrophic pseudomonads AN - 16284714; 4291839 AB - The reliability of the predictive model for the growth of psychrotrophic pseudomonads was evaluated both under controlled laboratory conditions and in industry conditions using various milks, milk-based products, meat and meat products. The validation process involved monitoring the growth of pseudomonads at various temperatures and comparing the observed generation times to those predicted by the model using bias and accuracy factors. For fluctuating temperatures bias and accuracy factors were used to compare the predicted and observed times to reach various population densities. The psychrotrophic pseudomonad model was shown to predict accurately the growth of pseudomonads in the products tested. In some instances knowledge of the lag phase duration was required to maximise the performance of the model. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Neumeyer, K AU - Ross, T AU - Thomson, G AU - McMeekin, T A AD - Dep. Agric. Sci., Univ. Tasmania, GPO Box 252-54, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 55 EP - 63 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - diary products KW - growth rate KW - mathematical models KW - temperature KW - water activity KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16284714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Validation+of+a+model+describing+the+effects+of+temperature+and+water+activity+on+the+growth+of+psychrotrophic+pseudomonads&rft.au=Neumeyer%2C+K%3BRoss%2C+T%3BThomson%2C+G%3BMcMeekin%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Neumeyer&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a predictive model to describe the effects of temperature and water activity on the growth of spoilage pseudomonads AN - 16283579; 4291838 AB - A combined temperature and water activity model for the growth of psychrotrophic pseudomonads was developed using turbidimetic data. Psychrotrophic pseudomonads were isolated from various modified and whole milks. The fastest growing strain was identified and used to develop the model. Generation time estimates calculated by turbidimetric and viable count data differed but this difference was constant with respect to temperature and was incorporated into the modelling process so that all models are constructed to predict generation times equivalent to those calculated by viable counts, the standard method for enumerating microorganisms in food products. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Neumeyer, K AU - Ross, T AU - McMeekin, T A AD - Dep. Agric. Sci., Univ. Tasmania, GPO Box 252-54, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 45 EP - 54 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - growth rate KW - temperature KW - turbidimetry KW - water activity KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16283579?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+predictive+model+to+describe+the+effects+of+temperature+and+water+activity+on+the+growth+of+spoilage+pseudomonads&rft.au=Neumeyer%2C+K%3BRoss%2C+T%3BMcMeekin%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Neumeyer&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diversity and association of psychrophilic bacteria in Antarctic sea ice AN - 16256054; 4241158 AB - The bacterial populations associated with sea ice sampled from Antarctic coastal areas were investigated by use of a phenotypic approach and a phylogenetic approach based on genes encoding 16S rRNA (16S rDNA). The diversity of bacteria associated with sea ice was also compared with the bacterial diversity of seawater underlying sea ice. Psychrophilic (optimal growth temperature, less than or equal to 15 degree C; no growth occurring at 20 degree C) bacterial diversity was found to be significantly enriched in sea ice samples possessing platelet and bottom ice diatom assemblages, with 2 to 9 distinct (average, 5.6 plus or minus 1.8) psychrophilic taxa isolated per sample. Substantially fewer psychrophilic isolates were recovered from ice cores with a low or negligible population of ice diatoms or from under-ice seawater samples (less than one distinct taxon isolated per sample). In addition, psychrophilic taxa that were isolated from under-ice seawater samples were in general phylogenetically distinct from psychrophilic taxa isolated from sea ice cores. The taxonomic distributions of psychrotrophic bacterial isolates (optimal growth temperature, >20 degree C; growth can occur at similar to 4 degree C) isolated from sea ice cores and under-ice seawater were quite similar. Overall, bacterial isolates from Antarctic sea ice were found to belong to four phylogenetic groups, the alpha and gamma subdivisions of the Proteobacteria, the gram-positive branch, and the Flexibacter-Bacteroides-Cytophaga phylum. Most of the sea ice strains examined appeared to be novel taxa based on phylogenetic comparisons, with 45% of the strains being psychrophilic. 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed that psychrophilic strains belonged to the genera Colwellia, Shewanella, Marinobacter, Planococcus, and novel phylogenetic lineages adjacent to Colwellia and Alteromonas and within the Flexibacter-Bacteroides-Cytophaga phylum. Psychrotrophic strains were found to be members of the genera Pseudoalteromonas, Psychrobacter, Halomonas, Pseudomonas, Hyphomonas, Sphingomonas, Arthrobacter, Planococcus, and Halobacillus. From, this survey, it is proposed that ice diatom assemblages provide niches conducive to the proliferation of a diverse array of psychrophilic bacterial species. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Bowman, J P AU - McCammon, SA AU - Brown, M V AU - Nichols, D S AU - McMeekin, T A AD - Antarct. CRC, Univ. Tasmania, GPO Box 252-80, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 3068 EP - 3078 VL - 63 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Antarctica KW - Bacteria KW - aquatic bacteria KW - psychrophilic bacteria KW - sea ice KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Marine KW - Aquatic bacteria KW - Primary production KW - Proteobacteria KW - PS, Antarctica KW - Growth KW - Sea ice KW - Community composition KW - Sampling KW - Cryoplankton KW - Productivity KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - Q1 08461:Plankton KW - J 02905:Water KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16256054?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Diversity+and+association+of+psychrophilic+bacteria+in+Antarctic+sea+ice&rft.au=Bowman%2C+J+P%3BMcCammon%2C+SA%3BBrown%2C+M+V%3BNichols%2C+D+S%3BMcMeekin%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Bowman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3068&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Community composition; Sea ice; Growth; Sampling; Cryoplankton; Primary production; Aquatic bacteria; Productivity; Bacteria; Proteobacteria; PS, Antarctica; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A changing temperature response with elevation for Lagarostrobos franklinii in Tasmania, Australia AN - 16252544; 4237545 AB - A network of seven Huon pine ring-width chronologies is constructed from sites ranging in elevation from 200 to 950 metres above sea level in western Tasmania. The chronologies are analysed individually and collectively to explore Huon pine's response to climate as a function of elevation. Three chronologies from greater than 700 metres in elevation exhibit a strong, direct response to temperature for most growing season months (p < 0.05), while three from below 700 metres exhibit a weaker, direct response to growing-season temperature, and a strong, inverse relationship with temperature of the prior season of growth, also significant at the 0.05 level. Moisture availability at these temperate rainforest sites is less growth-limiting than temperature, and significant correlations for January (inverse) and April (direct) of the year of growth largely reflect the inter-relationships between temperature, precipitation and cloudiness, and their combined influence on photosynthesis, particularly at higher-elevation sites. A rotated Principal Component Analysis reveals a clear grouping of the high and low-elevation chronologies, represented by the first and second eigenvectors, respectively. The 700 metre Lake Marilyn Low chronology is revealed to be a transitional site between the two groupings, and likely reflects an important climatic ecotone where both temperature and photosynthetically-active radiation drop below optimum levels for the species, and begin to directly inhibit growth. Tasmania's west coast climate has been shown to exhibit a distinct vertical structure, exemplified by a subsidence-inversion layer above 900 metres. Temperature increases slightly with altitude above 930 metres (the elevation at which a peak in daily minimum and maximum humidity levels is observed) before decreasing again. A dense, orographically-generated cloud-zone of reduced light and temperature has a mean altitude between 700 and 900 metres, with the steepest drop in both air and soil temperature exhibited between 850 and 930 metres. This structure can account for Huon pine's changing response to climate with elevation as described in this paper, and reinforces the importance of careful site selection for dendroclimatic research. In the case of reconstructing warm-season temperature from Tasmanian Huon pine, the desired signal might be maximised through sampling at the few rare, subalpine stands which have been located in western Tasmania. The great length afforded by the low-elevation Huon pine resource may ultimately yield a far more detailed reconstruction of regional climate throughout the Holocene, with respect to a vertical profile, following the development of more sound, mechanistically-based response models. JF - Climatic Change AU - Buckley, B M AU - Cook, E R AU - Peterson, MJ AU - Barbetti, M AD - IASOS, Univ. Tasmania, GPO Box 252-77, Hobart, TAS, Australia 7001 Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 477 EP - 498 VL - 36 IS - 3-4 SN - 0165-0009, 0165-0009 KW - Australia, Tasmania KW - air temperature KW - altitude KW - dendrochronology KW - precipitation KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16252544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Climatic+Change&rft.atitle=A+changing+temperature+response+with+elevation+for+Lagarostrobos+franklinii+in+Tasmania%2C+Australia&rft.au=Buckley%2C+B+M%3BCook%2C+E+R%3BPeterson%2C+MJ%3BBarbetti%2C+M&rft.aulast=Buckley&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=477&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Climatic+Change&rft.issn=01650009&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Climatic changes at high elevation sites. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of a promoterless lacZ gene insertion to investigate chitinase gene expression in the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. Strain S9 AN - 16103923; 4204443 AB - Sequence data for genes encoding 16S rRNA indicated that the marine strain previously named Pseudomonas sp. strain S9 would be better identified as a Pseudoalteromonas sp. By use of transposon mutagenesis, a chitinase-negative mutant of S9 with a lacZ reporter gene insertion was isolated. Part of the interrupted gene was cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence had homology to sequences of bacterial chitinases. Expression of the chitinase gene promoter was quantified by measuring the lacZ reporter gene product, beta -galactosidase. beta -Galactosidase production was induced 10-fold by N-acetylglucosamine and 3-fold by chitin in minimal medium. Repression of beta -galactosidase synthesis was observed in rich medium either with or without chitin but was not observed in minimal medium containing glucose. The chitinase gene promoter was induced by starvation and higher-than-ambient levels of carbon dioxide but not by cadmium ion, heat or cold shock, or UV exposure. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Techkarnjanaruk, S AU - Pongpattanakitshote, S AU - Goodman, A E AD - Sch. Biol. Sci., Flinders Univ. South Australia, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 2989 EP - 2996 VL - 63 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Gene expression KW - Taxonomy KW - chitinase KW - lacZ gene KW - marine microorganisms KW - taxonomic revision KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Marine KW - Pseudoalteromonas KW - chitin KW - genes KW - enzymatic activity KW - Pseudomonas KW - bacteria KW - gene expression KW - taxonomy KW - Q1 08206:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - O 1010:Viruses, Bacteria, Protists, Fungi and Plants KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16103923?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+promoterless+lacZ+gene+insertion+to+investigate+chitinase+gene+expression+in+the+marine+bacterium+Pseudoalteromonas+sp.+Strain+S9&rft.au=Techkarnjanaruk%2C+S%3BPongpattanakitshote%2C+S%3BGoodman%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Techkarnjanaruk&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2989&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chitin; genes; bacteria; enzymatic activity; gene expression; taxonomy; marine microorganisms; taxonomic revision; Pseudoalteromonas; Pseudomonas; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An approach for modeling noncancer dose responses with an emphasis on uncertainty AN - 16092630; 4109743 AB - This paper presents an approach for characterizing the probability of adverse effects occurring in a population exposed to dose rates in excess of the Reference Dose (RfD). The approach uses a linear threshold (hockey stick) model of response and is based on the current system of uncertainty factors used in setting RfDs. The approach requires generally available toxicological estimates such as No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Levels (NOAELs) or Benchmark Doses and doses at which adverse effects are observed in 50% of the test animals (ED sub(50)s). In this approach, Monte Carlo analysis is used to characterize the uncertainty in the dose response slope based on the range and magnitude of the key sources of uncertainty in setting protective doses. The method does not require information on the shape of the dose response curve for specific chemicals, but is amenable to the inclusion of such data. The approach is applied to four compounds to produce estimates of response rates for dose rates greater than the RfD. JF - Risk Analysis AU - Price, P S AU - Keenan, R E AU - Swartout, J C AU - Gillis, CA AU - Carlson-Lynch, H AU - Dourson, M L AD - McLean/Hart-ChemRisk, 1685 Congress St., Portland, ME 04102, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 427 EP - 438 VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - uncertainty KW - probability KW - Risk Abstracts KW - toxicity KW - dose-response effects KW - mathematical models KW - chemicals KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16092630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=An+approach+for+modeling+noncancer+dose+responses+with+an+emphasis+on+uncertainty&rft.au=Price%2C+P+S%3BKeenan%2C+R+E%3BSwartout%2C+J+C%3BGillis%2C+CA%3BCarlson-Lynch%2C+H%3BDourson%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - dose-response effects; mathematical models; chemicals; toxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced methionine levels and increased nutritive value of seeds of transgenic lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L.) expressing a sunflower seed albumin gene AN - 16028241; 4095395 AB - With the aim of improving the nutritive value of an important grain legume crop, a chimeric gene specifying seed-specific expression of a sulfur-rich, sunflower seed albumin was stably transformed into narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.). Sunflower seed albumin accounted for 5% of extractable seed protein in a line containing a single tandem insertion of the transferred DNA. The transgenic seeds contained less sulfate and more total amino acid sulfur than the nontransgenic parent line. This was associated with a 94% increase in methionine content and a 12% reduction in cysteine content. There was no statistically significant change in other amino acids or in total nitrogen or total sulfur contents of the seeds. In feeding trials with rats, the transgenic seeds gave statistically significant increases in live weight gain, true protein digestibility, biological value, and net protein utilization, compared with wild-type seeds. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using genetic engineering to improve the nutritive value of grain crops. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA AU - Molvig, L AU - Tabe, L M AU - Eggum, BO AU - Moore, A E AU - Craig, S AU - Spencer, D AU - Higgins, TJV AD - Div. Plant Ind., Commonwealth Scientific and Ind. Res. Organization, G.P.O. Box 1600, Canberra 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 8393 EP - 8398 VL - 94 IS - 16 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - albumin KW - bar gene KW - methionine KW - ssa gene KW - transgenic plants KW - uidA gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Helianthus annuus KW - Lupinus angustifolius KW - seeds KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07353:GENERAL KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16028241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.atitle=Enhanced+methionine+levels+and+increased+nutritive+value+of+seeds+of+transgenic+lupins+%28Lupinus+angustifolius+L.%29+expressing+a+sunflower+seed+albumin+gene&rft.au=Molvig%2C+L%3BTabe%2C+L+M%3BEggum%2C+BO%3BMoore%2C+A+E%3BCraig%2C+S%3BSpencer%2C+D%3BHiggins%2C+TJV&rft.aulast=Molvig&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=8393&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - transgenic plants; seeds; Lupinus angustifolius; Helianthus annuus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Estrogenic Activity of Phthalate Esters in Vitro AN - 14467023; 10541747 AB - Phthalates, which are produced in extremely large volumes worldwide, are essentially used as plasticizers in the production of polymeric materials such as PVC. A number of phthalate esters, which are tabulated, were assessed for estrogenic activity using a recombinant yeast screen, which is described. For comparison, the proliferative effects of all commercially available phthalates showing estrogenic activity were tested using two estrogen-responsive human breast-cancer cell lines. The chemicals found to be the most problematic were the shorter-chain phthalates, such as butyl benzyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and diisobutyl phthalate, which are used by industry in smaller quantities, and the longer-chain phthalate, diisononyl phthalate, which is weakly estrogenic, but is used in very large quantities. The most widely used phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, did not show estrogenic activity in the assays used. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Harris, Catherine A AU - Henttu, Pirkko AU - Parker, Malcolm G AU - Sumpter, John P Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 802 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - CARCINOGENIC AGENTS KW - PHTHALIC ACID ESTERS KW - BIOASSAY KW - HORMONES KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14467023?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+Estrogenic+Activity+of+Phthalate+Esters+in+Vitro&rft.au=Harris%2C+Catherine+A%3BHenttu%2C+Pirkko%3BParker%2C+Malcolm+G%3BSumpter%2C+John+P&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=802&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - CARCINOGENIC AGENTS; PHTHALIC ACID ESTERS; BIOASSAY; HORMONES ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lead Exchange in Teeth and Bone-a Pilot Study Using Stable Lead Isotopes AN - 14466056; 10541749 AB - Permanent teeth of Australian migrants, who were mainly from eastern and southern Europe, were obtained throughout Sydney, and lead exchange was determined in tooth enamel and dentine and compared to the rate observed in bone. Stable Pb isotopes were used to distinguish Australian Pb from European Pb. The rate of exchange was determined in relation to residence time in Australia. No significant correlation was found between the rate of exchange with residence time of Australian Pb and the concentration of Pb in enamel. However, a significant correlation was found in this respect for Pb in dentine. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Gulson, Brian L AU - Gillings, Barrie R Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 820 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - RADIOISOTOPIC TRACERS KW - LEAD KW - BONE GROWTH KW - AUSTRALIA KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14466056?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Lead+Exchange+in+Teeth+and+Bone-a+Pilot+Study+Using+Stable+Lead+Isotopes&rft.au=Gulson%2C+Brian+L%3BGillings%2C+Barrie+R&rft.aulast=Gulson&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=820&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - RADIOISOTOPIC TRACERS; LEAD; BONE GROWTH; AUSTRALIA; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN ER - TY - JOUR T1 - StructureActivity Relationships for Xenotiotic Transport Substrates and Inhibitory Ligands of P-Glycoprotein AN - 14466029; 10541748 AB - Previous studies have shown that many pesticides are capable of inhibiting P-glycoprotein function, but the data have not implied that the pesticides are transported by P-glycoprotein. Using the Molecular Modeling Pro software, molecular attributes of a number of pesticides were used to develop quantitative structureactivity relationships in an effort to analyze P-glycoprotein inhibition. The structural attributes of P-glycoprotein inhibitors were compared to those of known P-glycoprotein substrates to define the characteristics that dictate whether a chemical will either inhibit or be transported by the protein. The resulting structureactivity relationships were then used to examine six new pesticides to predict the level of interaction of P-glycoprotein. Results indicated that P-glycoprotein transport substrates have higher molecular weights, lower log octanolwater partition coefficient values, and greater hydrogen-bonding potential than compounds that are not transport substrates. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Bain, Lisa J AU - McLachlan, James B AU - LeBlanc, Gerald A Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 812 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - PROTEIN KW - CHEMICAL ANALYSIS KW - QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATION KW - PESTICIDES KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14466029?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Structure%26lt%3BND%26gt%3BActivity+Relationships+for+Xenotiotic+Transport+Substrates+and+Inhibitory+Ligands+of+P-Glycoprotein&rft.au=Bain%2C+Lisa+J%3BMcLachlan%2C+James+B%3BLeBlanc%2C+Gerald+A&rft.aulast=Bain&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=812&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 16 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; PROTEIN; QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATION; PESTICIDES ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Metropolitan Acid Aerosol Characterization Study: Results from the Summer 1994 Washington, D.C. Field Study AN - 14465937; 10541750 AB - Washington, DC, was selected for study as part of the Metropolitan Acid Aerosol Characterization Study. Data collected during the summer of 1994 are presented in terms of the spatial patterns of sulfate, hydrogen ion, ammonium, particulates, and ammonia concentrations. Sampling was conducted simultaneously at six representative sites. The mean summertime PM sub(10), PM sub(2.5), sulfate, and H super(+) concentrations were 30.9, 23.5, 9.5, and 2.1 mu g/m super(3), respectively, and the concentrations were strongly correlated. The most prevalent wind direction was from the south. Sulfate-related particles were the major component of both particulate-matter sizes. Spatially, the concentrations were quite uniform, but spatial differences were observed for NH sub(3) and for coarse particles. With the exception of NH sub(3), population density was found to be insignificant in determining the spatial pattern in summertime pollutant concentrations, which contrasted with the findings observed in Philadelphia, PA. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Suh, Helen H AU - Nishioka, Yurika AU - Allen, George A AU - Koutrakis, Petros AU - Burton, Robert M Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 826 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - WASHINGTON, DC KW - SPATIAL COMPARISONS KW - URBAN ATMOSPHERE KW - SULFATES KW - PARTICULATES KW - AMMONIA KW - PH HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14465937?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+Metropolitan+Acid+Aerosol+Characterization+Study%3A+Results+from+the+Summer+1994+Washington%2C+D.C.+Field+Study&rft.au=Suh%2C+Helen+H%3BNishioka%2C+Yurika%3BAllen%2C+George+A%3BKoutrakis%2C+Petros%3BBurton%2C+Robert+M&rft.aulast=Suh&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=826&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 6 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - AMMONIA; WASHINGTON, DC; PH HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION; SPATIAL COMPARISONS; PARTICULATES; SULFATES; URBAN ATMOSPHERE ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Birth Weight Reduction Associated with Residence near a Hazardous Waste Landfill AN - 14465904; 10541754 AB - In the vicinity of the Lipari Landfill in Mantua Township, NJ, birth weights of children born in the area were examined in relation to residence near the landfill, which is ranked number one on EPA's National Priority List. Data were collected over the period 196185. Exposure categories were developed for each birth based on the distance of the mother's residence from the landfill. During the period of the greatest potential of exposure to VOCs from the landfill, due to the heaviest dumping of hazardous chemicals, term births to parents living closest to the landfill had a statistically significant lower average birth weight than the control population. After this period, which ended in 1975, average birth weights in the most affected area rebounded. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Berry, Michael AU - Bove, Frank Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 856 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - AREA COMPARISONS KW - REPRODUCTION, HUMAN KW - HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL KW - NEW JERSEY KW - OPEN DUMPS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14465904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Birth+Weight+Reduction+Associated+with+Residence+near+a+Hazardous+Waste+Landfill&rft.au=Berry%2C+Michael%3BBove%2C+Frank&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=856&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - AREA COMPARISONS; REPRODUCTION, HUMAN; HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL; OPEN DUMPS; NEW JERSEY ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Airborne Arsenic and Urinary Excretion of Arsenic Metabolites During Boiler Cleaning Operations in a Slovak Coal-Fired Power Plant AN - 14465477; 10541751 AB - Coal-fired power-plant boilers are routinely shut down at yearly intervals for cleaning and maintenance operations. At one such power plant in central Slovak Republic, air samples were collected during cleaning operations and analyzed for the presence of arsenic, along with urine samples from the workers. A daily diary of work activities was completed for each worker. The urinary metabolite data 16-h post-shift were found to be related to air As concentrations using grouped data, as well as individual log urine and log air samples results. Compared with studies conducted at copper smelters, however, As bioavailability from flyash was found to be about one-third that observed in Cu workers. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Yager, Janice W AU - Hicks, Jeffrey B AU - Fabianova, Eleonora Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 836 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - AIR ANALYSIS KW - POWER PLANTS, COAL FIRED KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - HEALTH SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL KW - SLOVAKIA KW - ARSENIC KW - BOILERS, INDUSTRIAL KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14465477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Airborne+Arsenic+and+Urinary+Excretion+of+Arsenic+Metabolites+During+Boiler+Cleaning+Operations+in+a+Slovak+Coal-Fired+Power+Plant&rft.au=Yager%2C+Janice+W%3BHicks%2C+Jeffrey+B%3BFabianova%2C+Eleonora&rft.aulast=Yager&rft.aufirst=Janice&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=836&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 3 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - AIR ANALYSIS; SLOVAKIA; HEALTH SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL; POWER PLANTS, COAL FIRED; ARSENIC; BOILERS, INDUSTRIAL; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Activities of an Environmental Analysis Van in the German Federal State Schleswig-Holstein AN - 14465226; 10541752 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Prohl, Anke AU - Boge, Klaus-Peter AU - Alsen-Hinrichs, Carsten Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 844 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - AIR POLLUTION INSTRUMENTS KW - PUBLIC HEALTH KW - GERMANY KW - PERMETHRIN KW - PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HUMAN KW - AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR KW - PESTICIDE EXPOSURE KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14465226?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Activities+of+an+Environmental+Analysis+Van+in+the+German+Federal+State+Schleswig-Holstein&rft.au=Prohl%2C+Anke%3BBoge%2C+Klaus-Peter%3BAlsen-Hinrichs%2C+Carsten&rft.aulast=Prohl&rft.aufirst=Anke&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=844&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 3 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - PERMETHRIN; PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HUMAN; AIR POLLUTION INSTRUMENTS; PUBLIC HEALTH; AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; GERMANY ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to Regular Gasoline and Ethanol Oxyfuel During Refueling in Alaska AN - 14465027; 10541753 AB - During the winter of 199495, a carbon monoxide emissions-reduction program was initiated in Anchorage, AK, that included the use of the oxyfuel, E-10, made by mixing regular unleaded gasoline with 10% ethanol. Results are presented from a study that examined individual consumers' exposures to VOCs during refueling with both regular gasoline and, subsequently, with E-10. Ambient-air and blood samples were analyzed, and a questionnaire was used to examine the frequency of self-reported symptoms possibly associated with exposure to gasoline. Results showed that people who pumped E-10 had slightly higher levels of VOCs in their blood than those who pumped regular gasoline. The correlations between the levels of VOCs in personal breathing zone air and blood were statistically significant, but the correlation coefficients were modest. Very few reported illness symptoms could be attributed to exposure to the oxyfuel, as the symptoms were similar for both groups. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Backer, Lorraine C AU - Egeland, Grace M AU - Ashley, David L AU - Lawryk, Nicholas J AU - Weisel, Clifford P AU - White, Mary C AU - Bundy, Tim Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 850 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - EMISSION CONTROL PROGRAMS KW - GASOLINE CHEMISTRY KW - VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - FUEL ADDITIVES KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - OXYGENATION KW - BLOOD ANALYSIS KW - ETHANOL KW - ALASKA KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14465027?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+Regular+Gasoline+and+Ethanol+Oxyfuel+During+Refueling+in+Alaska&rft.au=Backer%2C+Lorraine+C%3BEgeland%2C+Grace+M%3BAshley%2C+David+L%3BLawryk%2C+Nicholas+J%3BWeisel%2C+Clifford+P%3BWhite%2C+Mary+C%3BBundy%2C+Tim&rft.aulast=Backer&rft.aufirst=Lorraine&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=850&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 3 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - OXYGENATION; BLOOD ANALYSIS; ETHANOL; GASOLINE CHEMISTRY; EMISSION CONTROL PROGRAMS; ALASKA; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN; FUEL ADDITIVES ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Total Urinary Follicle Stimulating Hormone as a Biomarker for Detection of Early Pregnancy and Periimplantation Spontaneous Abortion AN - 14464766; 10541755 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Qiu, Qing AU - Overstreet, James W AU - Todd, Heather AU - Nakajima, Steven T AU - Stewart, Dennis R AU - Lasley, Bill L Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 862 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - ABORTION KW - LUTEINIZING HORMONE KW - BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS KW - PREGNANCY KW - HORMONES KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14464766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Total+Urinary+Follicle+Stimulating+Hormone+as+a+Biomarker+for+Detection+of+Early+Pregnancy+and+Periimplantation+Spontaneous+Abortion&rft.au=Qiu%2C+Qing%3BOverstreet%2C+James+W%3BTodd%2C+Heather%3BNakajima%2C+Steven+T%3BStewart%2C+Dennis+R%3BLasley%2C+Bill+L&rft.aulast=Qiu&rft.aufirst=Qing&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=862&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 8 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ABORTION; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS; PREGNANCY; HORMONES ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growing Pains in South America AN - 14464447; 10541746 AB - South America, which was 74% rural in the 1940s, is now 74% urban. As agriculture has expanded to feed the increasing population, a significant amount of forest cover has been sacrificed. Very little environmental legislation has accompanied the booms in agriculture, transportation, and the consumption of energy and fishing resources, so environmental degradation has been severe over the past 20 yr. The overriding environmental problems in South America and elucidated and discussed. These include: urban growth and the subsequent problems of overcrowding, air pollution, water supply and wastewater treatment, and solid-waste management; labor problems in terms of chemical poisonings, silicosis in miners, and child-labor problems; increased use of pesticides and the contamination of agricultural workers and food; and human migration problems that result in the proliferation of endemic diseases. The possible solutions to these problems are outlined, which are taking the form of aid through international financial institutions and nongovernmental organizations that will hopefully develop community-based programs to aid poor populations gain access to formal-sector services. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Joyce, Stephanie Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 794 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - URBANIZATION KW - PUBLIC HEALTH KW - ENV QUALITY ASSESSMENT KW - ENV IMPACT ASSESSMENT KW - HEALTH SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL KW - WASTE MANAGEMENT KW - SANITATION KW - ECONOMIC GROWTH KW - PESTICIDE EXPOSURE KW - SOUTH AMERICA KW - ENV PROBLEMS, GENERAL KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14464447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Growing+Pains+in+South+America&rft.au=Joyce%2C+Stephanie&rft.aulast=Joyce&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=794&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 10 |t photos N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - HEALTH SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL; SANITATION; WASTE MANAGEMENT; URBANIZATION; PUBLIC HEALTH; ECONOMIC GROWTH; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; SOUTH AMERICA; ENV QUALITY ASSESSMENT; ENV PROBLEMS, GENERAL; ENV IMPACT ASSESSMENT ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of the EstP Protein in Drosophila melanogaster and Its Conservation in Drosophilids AN - 1034830088; 17057526 AB - The beta -esterase cluster of D. melanogaster comprises two tandemly duplicated genes. Est6 encodes the well-characterized 5' gene, but the product of the second gene, denoted EstP, had not previously been identified. Here we show that the EstP gene encodes the carboxylesterase EST7. Expression of EstP using the Baculovirus system led to production of a carboxylesterase biochemically indistinguishable from EST7. Furthermore, a naturally occurring EstP variant produces greatly reduced amounts of EstP mRNA and no detectable EST7 protein. Finally, introduction of a wild-type copy of EstP by germline transformation into the variant strain confers the wild-type EST7 phenotype. We show that EST7 differs from EST6 in its substrate and inhibitor specificities and tissue distribution. Germline transformation experiments show that EstP expression is controlled by sequences located between 192 bp 5' and 609 bp 3' of the EstP coding region. Data comparisons with other drosophilid esterases suggest that the site of expression, and hence the function, of EST7 has been conserved across lineages in both the subgenera Drosophila and Sophophora. JF - Biochemical Genetics AU - Dumancic, Mira M AU - Oakeshott, John G AU - Russell, Robyn J AU - Healy, Marion J AD - CSIRO Division of Entomology, G.P.O. Box 1700, Canberra, A.C.T, 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 251 EP - 271 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 35 IS - 7-8 SN - 0006-2928, 0006-2928 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Biochemistry KW - Carboxylesterase KW - Conservation KW - Data processing KW - Genetics KW - Proteins KW - Transformation KW - esterase KW - gene duplication KW - mRNA KW - Sophophora KW - Drosophila melanogaster KW - Baculovirus KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Z 05360:Genetics and Evolution KW - G 07750:Ecological & Population Genetics KW - ENA 21:Wildlife KW - A 01300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1034830088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Genetics&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+EstP+Protein+in+Drosophila+melanogaster+and+Its+Conservation+in+Drosophilids&rft.au=Dumancic%2C+Mira+M%3BOakeshott%2C+John+G%3BRussell%2C+Robyn+J%3BHealy%2C+Marion+J&rft.aulast=Dumancic&rft.aufirst=Mira&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+Genetics&rft.issn=00062928&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1021897016276 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-12-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Transformation; Data processing; esterase; Conservation; Carboxylesterase; gene duplication; mRNA; Genetics; Biochemistry; Proteins; Drosophila melanogaster; Sophophora; Baculovirus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021897016276 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Improving Educational Opportunities for Low-Income Children. Hearing on Examining Proposals to Improve Educational Opportunities for Low-Income Children, Including Provisions of S. 847, to Provide Scholarship Assistance for District of Columbia Elementary and Secondary School Students, Hearing of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session. AN - 62534467; ED417239 AB - The Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources met to hear two panels of witnesses discuss improving educational opportunities for low-income children, including provisions of Senate 847, to provide scholarship assistance for District of Columbia elementary and secondary school students. Opening remarks by Senators Coats, Lieberman, Reed, and Hutchinson set the stage for the discussion of educational improvement for low-income children and a discussion of school choice for urban students. The first panel of four witnesses included Howard Fuller (Institute for the Transformation of Learning, Marquette University), Pam Ballard (mother of urban students), Alieze Stallworth (teacher in the District of Columbia schools and parent), and Barbara S. Lewis (representative of a group supporting school choice and urban parent). With the exception of Ms. Stallworth, these panelists supported various forms of choice for urban schools. Ms. Stallworth argued that the issue was one of excellence in education for all students. The second panel included Glenn Lewis (State representative from Texas), Alex Molnar (professor of education), Paul Perseon (college professor), Zakiya Courtney (Parents for School Choice), and Dolores Fridge (Minnesota State Commissioner of Human Rights). These panelists discussed school choice programs currently operating. The prepared statements of panelists and supplemental materials are included. (SLD) Y1 - 1997/07/29/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jul 29 SP - 98 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 016055523X KW - District of Columbia KW - Senate KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Low Income Groups KW - Scholarships KW - Government Role KW - School Choice KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Urban Youth KW - Educational Improvement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62534467?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Access and Costs: Recommendations for Title IV. Hearing on Examining Proposals Authorizing Funds for Title IV Student Aid Programs and Issues Relating to Access to Costs of Postsecondary Education of the Higher Education Act, Including S. 1036, To Revise Section 435 of the Higher Education Act To Allow for the Young Americans Bank and Similar Small, Nonprofit Organizations to Provide Additional Funds for Educational Programming, of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session. AN - 62551421; ED411755 AB - This 10th and final hearing in a series related to the reauthorization of the Higher Education Act, focused on three specific areas: (1) the challenges posed by demographic changes in the college student population--nearly half of all students attend community colleges where the average age of students is 29; (2) the challenges and opportunities posed by technology, including distance learning and underserved communities; and (3) lifelong learning and nontraditional students. Testimony and prepared statements were submitted by: Senators James Jeffords, Edward Kennedy, Wayne Allard, and Christopher Dodd; and by Donald Stewart of the College Board (Washington, D.C.); Joel Harrell, University of Tennessee; Bryan Hannegan, National Association of Graduate-Professional Students (Wilmette, Illinois); Stanley Ikenberry, American Council on Education (Washington, D.C.); Philip Day, Daytona Beach (Florida) Community College; Omer Waddles, Career College Association (Washington, D.C.); and Deborah Dunn, Yorktowne Business Institute (York, Pennsylvania). Testimony covered such topics as: college costs and affordability, access and student aid, graduate education, the grant/loan imbalance, managing student debt, federal student loan programs, and the Kid's Bank amendment. (CH) Y1 - 1997/07/24/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jul 24 SP - 96 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160554055 KW - Congress 105th KW - Higher Education Act Title IV KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Nontraditional Students KW - Graduate Study KW - Student Loan Programs KW - Lifelong Learning KW - Federal Aid KW - Access to Education KW - Politics of Education KW - Grants KW - Educational Finance KW - Educational Trends KW - Higher Education KW - Distance Education KW - Student Financial Aid KW - Paying for College KW - Federal Programs KW - Educational Change KW - Educational Technology KW - Student Costs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62551421?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Vocational Rehabilitation: An Employment Program. Hearing on Examining the Vocational Rehabilitation System and the Rehabilitation Act, Focusing Slightly and Explore Some of the Issues, Including Linkage, the VR System Faces in Ohio, (Columbus, OH) before the Subcommittee on Employment and Training of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session. AN - 62546753; ED415435 AB - This congressional report contains testimony examining the vocational rehabilitation system and the Vocational Rehabilitation Act and exploring some of the issues, including linkage, faced by the vocational rehabilitation system in Ohio. Statements were provided by a U.S. senator (Mike DeWine, Ohio) and representatives of the following agencies and organizations: Ohio Rehabilitation Services Commission; The Ohio State University; Ohio Client Assistance Program; Ohio Department of Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities; Ohio Association for the Deaf; and Ohio Disabilities Planning Council. Special attention was paid to proposed changes in the Vocational Rehabilitation Act to streamline the program's bureaucracy and regulations and improve the quality and quantity of job placements for people with disabilities. Other topics discussed include the following: the vocational rehabilitation process at the direct-service level; the role of the private sector in vocational rehabilitation; the Individualized Written Rehabilitation Program; and the National Association of Protection and Advocacy Systems' nationwide Client Assistance Program. Appended are written statements by representatives of the Ohio Rehabilitation Services Commission and National Association of Protection and Advocacy Systems. (MN) Y1 - 1997/07/21/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jul 21 SP - 52 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160554985 KW - Congress 105th KW - Ohio KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Coordination KW - Systems Approach KW - Educational Legislation KW - Vocational Rehabilitation KW - State Agencies KW - Public Policy KW - Linking Agents KW - Position Papers KW - Federal Legislation KW - Disabilities KW - Policy Formation KW - Statewide Planning KW - Hearings KW - Vocational Education KW - Federal State Relationship KW - Employment Programs KW - Adult Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62546753?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Senate-Hrg-105-137 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Improving the Quality of Child Care. Hearing of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources on Examining Proposals To Improve the Quality of Child Care in the United States, Including the Proposed Creating Improved Delivery of Child Care: Affordable, Reliable, and Educational Act of 1997. United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress. First Session. AN - 62542839; ED417011 AB - These hearings transcripts present testimony on proposals to improve the quality of child care in the United States. Both oral and submitted written statements are included. Contributors are: Representative Peter Deutsch (Florida); Senator James M. Jeffords, committee chairman; Senator Mike Enzi (Wyoming); Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts); Senator Christopher J. Dodd (Connecticut); Representative Benjamin Gilman (New York); Senator Connie Mack (Florida); Senator Bob Graham (Florida); a Florida couple whose child died while in day care; the principal investigator from the Study of Early Child Care, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; a physician representing the American Academy of Pediatrics; a family child care provider from Connecticut; vice president for global workforce diversity, IBM Corporation; commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Human Services; Governor Jim Hunt (North Carolina); executive director of the National Association of Child Care Resource and Referral Agencies; a representative of the Child Welfare League of America; and executive director of the Early Childhood Development Center Legislative Coalition. (EV) Y1 - 1997/07/17/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jul 17 SP - 104 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160554519 KW - Child Care Costs KW - Child Care Needs KW - Congress 105th KW - Day Care Licensing KW - Day Care Quality KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Government Role KW - Day Care KW - Hearings KW - Child Development KW - Early Childhood Education KW - Day Care Centers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62542839?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Carl D. Perkins Vocational-Technical Education Act Amendments of 1997. Report Together with Additional and Minority Views [To Accompany H.R. 1853]. AN - 62535333; ED415433 AB - This congressional report presents and examines the Carl D. Perkins Vocational-Technical Education Act Amendments of 1997. The following items are included: text of the amendments; summary of three hearings held in preparation for amending the Perkins Act; statement of views of the Committee on Education and the Workforce regarding needed changes in the act; overviews and section-by-section analyses of the impact of the amendments on the four titles of the 1990 Perkins Act; oversight findings of the committee; estimate of the amendments' cost; voting record of the members of the Committee on Education and the Workforce on the individual amendments; text of changes made in the 1990 Perkins Act by the amendments; and additional and minority views regarding the amendments. The text of changes in the 1990 Perkins Act constitutes approximately 75% of the report and details changes in the following: vocational-technical education assistance to the states (including state organization and planning responsibilities); basic state grants for vocational-technical education (including funds allocated for secondary, postsecondary, and adult vocational-technical education programs and for rural areas, special populations, and large cities); research and development (including funding for tech prep); and general provisions (federal administrative provisions; state administrative provisions; definitions). (MN) Y1 - 1997/07/14/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jul 14 SP - 190 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. KW - Carl D Perkins Voc and Appl Techn Educ Act 1990 KW - Congress 105th KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Program Administration KW - Educational Legislation KW - Special Needs Students KW - Urban Education KW - Tech Prep KW - Rural Education KW - Program Costs KW - Public Policy KW - Accountability KW - Secondary Education KW - Federal Legislation KW - Program Implementation KW - Policy Formation KW - Cost Estimates KW - Vocational Education KW - Federal State Relationship KW - Education Work Relationship KW - Adult Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62535333?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Vocational Rehabilitation Act Reauthorization. Hearing on Examining Proposed Legislation Authorizing Funds for Programs of the Rehabilitation Act, Including H.R. 1385, to Consolidate, Coordinate, and Improve Employment, Training, Literacy, and Vocational Rehabilitation Programs in the United States, before the Subcommittee on Employment and Training of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session. AN - 62548136; ED415434 AB - This congressional report contains testimony pertaining to reauthorization of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act, which was drafted to authorize funds for programs covered by the act and consolidate, coordinate, and improve employment, training, literacy, and vocational rehabilitation programs in the United States. Statements were provided by three U.S. senators (Mike DeWine, Ohio; Paul D. Wellstone, Minnesota; Tom Harkin, Iowa) and representatives of the following agencies and organizations: Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services of the U.S. Department of Education; Rehabilitation Services Administration; National Institution of Disability and Rehabilitation Research; Ohio Rehabilitation Services Commission; Vermont Association of Business, Industry, and Rehabilitation; National Council for Independent Living; Fairfax Opportunities Unlimited; Consortium for Citizens with Disabilities; Council for State Administrators of Vocational Rehabilitation; and Arkansas Rehabilitation Services. An appendix constituting approximately 50% of the document contains statements, articles, publications, and letters that were submitted by 18 individuals and representatives of the following agencies and organizations: Council of Organizational Representatives; National Rehabilitation Association; National Industries for the Blind; American Speech-Language-Hearing Association; and American Foundation for the Blind. (MN) Y1 - 1997/07/10/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jul 10 SP - 107 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160556295 KW - Arkansas KW - Congress 105th KW - Minnesota KW - Ohio KW - Vermont KW - Virginia KW - Vocational Rehabilitation Act 1973 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Adult Literacy KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Coordination KW - Special Education KW - Educational Legislation KW - Vocational Rehabilitation KW - Program Costs KW - Public Policy KW - Educational Needs KW - Job Training KW - Position Papers KW - Federal Legislation KW - Disabilities KW - Policy Formation KW - Hearings KW - Vocational Education KW - Employment Programs KW - Literacy Education KW - Adult Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62548136?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bound Tris confounds the identification of binding site residues in a paraquat single chain antibody. AN - 79243285; 9276677 AB - We produced an anti-paraquat single chain antibody (scFv) to investigate its potential use in immunotherapy for paraquat poisoning. However, this scFv was expressed in an insoluble form and only displayed moderate binding affinity. An earlier examination of the pH dependence of antigen binding by the parent paraquat-specific mAb (7D7-3) suggested that the electrostatic effects of a tyrosine residue were important. The aims of the current study were to obtain expression of a soluble scFv (D10) and to increase its binding affinity. The former was achieved by expression in a phagemid vector. Site-directed mutagenesis of tyrosine residues in CDR H3 did not result in improved affinity for paraquat, suggesting that the original pH dependence required re-examination. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of 7D7-3 Fab revealed that the original observation of the pH-dependent paraquat binding with a mid-point of approximately pH 8.9 was due to tightly bound Tris. It appears that as Tris is titrated to a neutral species the energetically unfavourable juxtaposition of its positive charge with that of paraquat is reduced. These findings have broad implications in the interpretation of the pH or salt dependence of any antibody-antigen interaction which should be made cautiously and with regard to the possible interference of buffer components introduced during the preparation of the antibody. JF - Journal of biochemistry AU - Bowles, M R AU - Mulhern, T D AU - Gordon, R B AU - Inglis, H R AU - Sharpe, I A AU - Cogill, J L AU - Pond, S M AD - University of Queensland, Department of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. mrb@gpo.pa.uq.edu.au Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - July 1997 SP - 101 EP - 108 VL - 122 IS - 1 SN - 0021-924X, 0021-924X KW - Antibodies KW - 0 KW - Immunoglobulin Fragments KW - Tromethamine KW - 023C2WHX2V KW - Tyrosine KW - 42HK56048U KW - Paraquat KW - PLG39H7695 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Electrophoresis -- methods KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Mice KW - Tyrosine -- metabolism KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Paraquat -- immunology KW - Antibodies -- metabolism KW - Paraquat -- metabolism KW - Tromethamine -- metabolism KW - Immunoglobulin Fragments -- genetics KW - Immunoglobulin Fragments -- metabolism KW - Tromethamine -- chemistry KW - Paraquat -- chemistry KW - Antibodies -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79243285?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Bound+Tris+confounds+the+identification+of+binding+site+residues+in+a+paraquat+single+chain+antibody.&rft.au=Bowles%2C+M+R%3BMulhern%2C+T+D%3BGordon%2C+R+B%3BInglis%2C+H+R%3BSharpe%2C+I+A%3BCogill%2C+J+L%3BPond%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Bowles&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+biochemistry&rft.issn=0021924X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-06 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Enrollment in Higher Education: Fall 1995. E.D. Tabs. AN - 62636659; ED409819 AB - This document presents enrollment data for 8,675 U.S. postsecondary institutions in the 50 states and the District of Columbia from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System. Data covers fall 1995 enrollments and historical comparisons with previous years on selected variables. A summary section highlights characteristics of enrolled students, types of institutions attended, attendance status, changes in enrollment from 1991-95, and enrollment by state. Among the highlights are: (1) in fall 1995 there were 15.1 million students enrolled in postsecondary institutions; (2) women comprised 55.5 percent of students in institions of higher education but only 41.6 percent of students enrolled in first professional schools; (3) about 78 percent of students attended public institutions; (4) 58.4 percent of udnergraduate students attended school full time; (5) since 1992, total college enrollment has decreased every year, resulting in a 1.5 percent decrease overall; and (6) enrollment since 1991 has decreased in 23 states and the District of Columbia and increased in 25 states. Twenty-five tables and five figures provide supporting data. Four extensive appendixes present tabulated data on enrollment by race and ethnicity; national enrollment trends for fall 1991-95; enrollments by age; and enrollments by state. Technical notes on data sources and methodology are included in a fifth appendix. (CH) AU - Barbett, Samuel F. AU - Korb, Roslyn A. Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - July 1997 SP - 184 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160491312 KW - Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Two Year Colleges KW - In State Students KW - Graduate Study KW - Undergraduate Study KW - Educational Finance KW - College Attendance KW - Higher Education KW - Tuition KW - Attendance Patterns KW - Minority Groups KW - Colleges KW - Enrollment Trends KW - Professional Education KW - Statistical Data KW - Out of State Students KW - Universities KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trend Analysis KW - Student Costs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62636659?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Developments in School Finance, 1996. Fiscal Proceedings from the Annual NCES State Data Conference, July 1996. AN - 62632546; ED409634 AB - Analysts of public school-district funding have recently begun to examine the allocation of resources to schools, the equity and effectiveness of school-based funding, and the productivity of the national public education system. Each of these factors may influence the educational resources that a child receives. This document contains papers by presenters at the annual National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) State Data Conference, which dealt with the perplexing persistence of financial inequity. The papers include the following: (1) "Introduction and Overview" (William J. Fowler, Jr.); (2) "Expenditures in Public School Districts: Estimates of Disparities and Analysis of Their Causes" (Wayne Riddle and Liane White); (3) "Teacher Resource Use Within New York State Secondary Schools" (David H. Monk, Brian O. Brent, and Christopher F. Roelke); (4) "Race, Poverty, and the Student Curriculum, 1975-95: Implications for Public Policy" (Nicola A. Alexander); (5) "Court-Ordered School Finance Equalization: Judicial Activism and Democratic Opposition" (Douglas S. Reed); (6) "Principles and Practices in Resource Allocation to Schools under Conditions of Radical Decentralization" (Brian J. Caldwell); (7) "Building Equity and Effectiveness into School-Based Funding Models: An Australian Case Study" (Peter W. Hill); (8) "Alternative Options for Deflating Education Expenditures Over Time" (Richard Rothstein and Lawrence Mishel); (9) "The Productivity Collapse in Schools" (Eric A. Hanushek); and (10) "Evaluating the Effect of Teacher Degree Level on Educational Performance" (Dan D. Goldhaber and Dominic J. Brewer). References accompany the papers. (LMI) AU - Fowler, William J. Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - July 1997 SP - 194 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mailstop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160491363 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Expenditures KW - Educational Equity (Finance) KW - Finance Reform KW - Expenditure per Student KW - Educational Finance KW - School District Spending KW - Resource Allocation KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Equal Education KW - Productivity KW - Academic Standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62632546?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For the 1995 proceedings, see ED 397 527. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Private Schools in the United States: A Statistical Profile, 1993-94. Statistical Analysis Report. AN - 62632008; ED409633 AB - Private elementary and secondary schools continue to play an important role in the American education system, educating about one-tenth of the nation's young people. This report, based on the National Center for Education Statistics' Schools and Staffing Survey of 1993-94, is designed to update the picture of private schools in the United States, based on responses from a nationally representative sample of 2,585 private schools and 8,372 teachers in those schools. The report contains graphic statistical profiles of Catholic schools, other religiously oriented schools, and nonsectarian schools, using both a 9-category typology and an 18-category affiliation system. The profiles contain information organized under the headings of schools and students; teachers and principals; and climate, goals, and outcomes. Forty-two tables are included. Appendices contain tables of standard errors, technical notes, and data and standard errors for the graphic profiles. (LMI) AU - McLaughlin, Donald H. AU - Broughman, Stephen Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - July 1997 SP - 245 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mailstop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 016049138X KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Catholic Schools KW - Parochial Schools KW - School Demography KW - Educational Objectives KW - Administrator Qualifications KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - National Surveys KW - Tuition KW - Teacher Salaries KW - School Statistics KW - Graduation Requirements KW - Educational Environment KW - Teacher Student Ratio KW - Enrollment KW - Teacher Qualifications KW - Private Schools KW - Private Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62632008?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For the 1990-91 report, see ED 379 360. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - America's Teachers: Profile of a Profession, 1993-94. AN - 62628478; ED410225 AB - This report presents national data on teachers and teaching from the Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS) and other sources. Where data permit, the report compares findings from the early to mid-1990s with findings from the 1980s. The report addresses a wide range of topics related to teachers and teaching, including teachers' demographic characteristics and various characteristics of their schools and students, teachers' preparation and professional development experiences, teachers' workloads, teaching practices, compensation, perceptions of work environments and job satisfaction, and the supply and demand of teachers. Detailed tables, standard error tables, and technical notes are included in appendices. (Contains 108 references.) (ND) AU - Henke, Robin R. Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - July 1997 SP - 439 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160491460 KW - Schools and Staffing Survey (NCES) KW - United States KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Compensation (Remuneration) KW - Job Satisfaction KW - Teacher Characteristics KW - Preservice Teacher Education KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Teacher Supply and Demand KW - Teacher Salaries KW - Faculty Workload KW - Educational Environment KW - Teachers KW - Teaching Conditions KW - Tables (Data) KW - Teaching Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62628478?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For the 1993 report updated here, see ED 359 185. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Dropout Rates in the United States: 1995. AN - 62628428; ED410370 AB - This report, which is the eighth in a series, presents data for 1995 on high school dropout and retention rates, and examines high school completion and graduation rates. In addition to extending time series data from earlier reports, this report focuses on three specific subpopulations that are at particular risk of dropping out of school: (1) foreign-born persons attending U.S. schools; (2) young adults who have been retained one or more grades while enrolled; and (3) individuals who have some type of learning, physical, or other disability. The report is based on the best and most current data available, which includes the Current Population Survey of the Bureau of the Census and the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988. One half million of the 9.5 million 15-through-24-year-olds enrolled in 1994 left school by October 1995 without completing a high school program. This amounts to 5.7% of these young adults, and is equivalent to the dropout percentage reported over the last 24 years. Hispanic students are more likely than White students to leave school before completion, and the estimated rate for Black students falls between the two. In 1995, young adults living in families with incomes in the lowest 20% of all family incomes were 6 times as likely to drop out as their peers from families in the top 20% of the income distribution. Youths aged 15 through 18 account for two-thirds of all those who dropped out in the preceding year, and nearly 40% of the 1995 dropouts were 15 through 17 years of age. Three appendixes contain standard error and time series notes, technical notes, and 12 supplemental tables. (Contains 5 figures and 32 tables.) (SLD) AU - McMillen, Marilyn M. AU - Kaufman, Phillip AU - Klein, Steve Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - July 1997 SP - 153 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160491126 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Low Income Groups KW - High School Graduates KW - Dropout Characteristics KW - Dropout Rate KW - Potential Dropouts KW - Immigrants KW - Out of School Youth KW - Withdrawal (Education) KW - Dropouts KW - Dropout Prevention KW - Minority Groups KW - High Schools KW - Disabilities KW - Enrollment KW - Academic Persistence KW - Urban Youth KW - Tables (Data) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62628428?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For the 1994 report, see ED 398 351. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - The Inclusion of Students with Disabilities and Limited English Proficient Students in Large-Scale Assessments: A Summary of Recent Progress. Research and Development Report. AN - 62535814; ED410698 AB - This report presents a compendium of approaches to the inclusion of students with disabilities or of Limited English Proficiency (LEP) in large-scale assessments such as the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) or state assessment programs. Chapter 1 presents an overview and lists organizations involved in this effort. Chapters 2 and 3 summarize inclusion activities and research projects related to increasing the participation of students with disabilities or LEP, respectively, in assessments. Information on the different types of accommodations used around the nation is included. Chapter 4 presents details of the approaches and procedures implemented by NAEP in recent years, focusing on the implementation of an NAEP-like assessment in Puerto Rico in 1994, the national field test in 1995 of revised procedures, and the implementation of new inclusion and accommodation procedures in the 1996 NAEP. In Chapter 5, a listing of the status of ongoing research projects studying varying aspects of the use of new procedures for NAEP is included, with a discussion of yet-to-be-resolved technical issues and future directions for NAEP and large-scale assessments in general. Appendices list acronyms, define key terms, and identify further resources. (Contains 112 references.) (DB) AU - Olson, John F. AU - Goldstein, Arnold A. Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - July 1997 SP - 118 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-97-482 KW - National Assessment of Educational Progress KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Testing Problems KW - Inclusive Schools KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Educational Trends KW - Research and Development KW - Evaluation Methods KW - Disabilities KW - Student Evaluation KW - Limited English Speaking KW - Educational Assessment KW - Trend Analysis KW - Testing Accommodations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62535814?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Telecommunications and Crime: Regulatory Dilemmas AN - 61488342; 9905923 AB - Examines the regulatory context of crime arising from the connectivity of computing & communications, considering nine varieties of telecommunications-related crime: theft of services, communications in furtherance of criminal conspiracies, telecommunications piracy, the dissemination of offensive materials, electronic money laundering, electronic vandalism, telemarketing fraud, illegal interception, & electronic funds transfer fraud. It is concluded that the most appropriate configuration of regulatory strategies for the control of telecommunications-related crime entails a mixture of law enforcement & technological & market-based solutions. The pursuit of a strict regulatory agenda is, in most cases, not feasible because of the limited capacity of the state. Overregulation, moreover, may stifle commercial & technological development. It is argued that the marketplace may be able to provide more efficient solutions to the problems of telecommunications crime than state interventions. 51 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Law & Policy AU - Grabosky, P N AU - Smith, Russell G AD - Australian Instit Criminology, GPO Box 2944 Canberra ACT 2601 Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - July 1997 SP - 317 EP - 341 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0265-8240, 0265-8240 KW - Electronic Technology KW - Government Regulation KW - Crime KW - Fraud KW - Market Economy KW - Computers KW - State Role KW - Telecommunications KW - article KW - 1772: sociology of science; sociology of technology KW - 2147: social problems and social welfare; sociology of crime UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61488342?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Law+%26+Policy&rft.atitle=Telecommunications+and+Crime%3A+Regulatory+Dilemmas&rft.au=Grabosky%2C+P+N%3BSmith%2C+Russell+G&rft.aulast=Grabosky&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Law+%26+Policy&rft.issn=02658240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - LAPOE6 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Telecommunications; Crime; Government Regulation; Computers; Electronic Technology; Market Economy; Fraud; State Role ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Between Voice and Silence: Women and Girls, Race and Relationship AN - 230165839; 03333686 AB - Congress reviews "Between Voice and Silence: Women and Girls, Race and Relationship" by Jill McLean Taylor, Carol Gilligan, and Amy M. Sullivan. JF - Families in Society AU - Congress, Elaine P Y1 - 1997///Jul/Aug PY - 1997 DA - Jul/Aug 1997 SP - 440 EP - 442 CY - Milwaukee PB - Alliance for Children and Families VL - 78 IS - 4 SN - 10443894 KW - Sociology KW - Nonfiction KW - Teenagers KW - Girls KW - Low income groups KW - Minority & ethnic groups KW - Interpersonal communication UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/230165839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apsychology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Families+in+Society&rft.atitle=Between+Voice+and+Silence%3A+Women+and+Girls%2C+Race+and+Relationship&rft.au=Congress%2C+Elaine+P&rft.aulast=Congress&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=440&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Families+in+Society&rft.issn=10443894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Central N1 - Copyright - Copyright Family Service America Jul/Aug 1997 N1 - Last updated - 2015-08-08 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Isolated hepatocytes - past, present and future AN - 17244498; 4541777 AB - The first technique for large-scale preparation of isolated hepatocytes was described in 1953 and involved perfusion of rat liver under pressure with a Ca super(2+)-free solution containing a chelating agent. Various modifications of this technique were in use over the next ten years, until it was demonstrated that cells prepared in this manner were grossly damaged, losing most of their cytoplasmic enzymes during the preparative procedure. The successful preparation of intact isolated hepatocytes by collagenase-treatment of liver was achieved in 1967, and the widespread use of intact hepatocyte suspensions was accelerated by the development soon after of high-yield preparative techniques involving perfusion of the liver with a medium containing collagenase. The introduction of the isolated hepatocyte preparation has enabled experimental studies that otherwise would not be feasible. Important advances have been the use of cultured hepatocytes, frequently of human origin, for the investigation of the metabolism and toxicology of potential therapeutic agents. Success in this field has been achieved through the steady improvement in techniques for the maintenance in culture of differentiated hepatocytes, and in particular their cytochrome P450 complexes. Another area showing considerable promise is the employment of hepatocytes, generally from a porcine source, in temporary support systems for patients with acute liver failure. Our own studies have concentrated on the demonstration of long-range interactions between hepatocyte compartments which suggest that energy transfer between cell compartments can take place without ATP turnover. JF - Cell Biology and Toxicology AU - Berry, M N AU - Grivell, A R AU - Grivell, M B AU - Phillips, J W Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 223 EP - 233 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers, Postbus 17 Dordrecht 3300 AA Netherlands VL - 13 IS - 4-5 KW - cell culture KW - isolation techniques KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Energy flow KW - Hepatocytes KW - ATP KW - Toxicity testing KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17244498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+Biology+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Isolated+hepatocytes+-+past%2C+present+and+future&rft.au=Berry%2C+M+N%3BGrivell%2C+A+R%3BGrivell%2C+M+B%3BPhillips%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4-5&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cell+Biology+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=07422091&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organochlorine concentrations in testicular tissue of an Australian marsupial, the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) AN - 17162132; 4449750 AB - Organochlorine (OC) concentrations were measured in the testicular tissue of brushtail possums from two geographically separated Victorian populations (urban and non-urban). HCB, delta -HCH and DDE and trichloro- and tetra-chlorobiphenyls were detected at concentrations between 10 and 549 ng/g fat in all animals studied. When concentrations of individual OC compounds or total OC concentration data were compared, no significant differences were observed between the populations. JF - Australasian Journal of Ecotoxicology AU - Bolton, R M AU - Ahokas, J T AD - Key Centre for Applied and Nutritional Toxicology, RMIT, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia, Toxicology@rmit.edu.au Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 147 EP - 151 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1323-3475, 1323-3475 KW - Australia KW - Australia, Victoria KW - Trichosurus vulpecula KW - hexachlorocyclohexane KW - tetrachlorbiphenyl KW - tetrachlorobiphenyl KW - trichlorbiphenyl KW - trichlorobiphenyl KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Testes KW - Animals KW - Tissues KW - Organochlorine compounds KW - PCB KW - Bioindicators KW - Wildlife KW - DDE KW - Mammalia KW - Hexachlorobenzene KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - X 24133:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17162132?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australasian+Journal+of+Ecotoxicology&rft.atitle=Organochlorine+concentrations+in+testicular+tissue+of+an+Australian+marsupial%2C+the+brushtail+possum+%28Trichosurus+vulpecula%29&rft.au=Bolton%2C+R+M%3BAhokas%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Bolton&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australasian+Journal+of+Ecotoxicology&rft.issn=13233475&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trichosurus vulpecula; Mammalia; Organochlorine compounds; Tissues; Animals; Hexachlorobenzene; DDE; Bioindicators; Wildlife; Testes; PCB ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foraging zones of royal penguins during the breeding season, and their association with oceanographic features AN - 16532094; 4408585 AB - Satellite transmitters were deployed on breeding royal penguins at Macquarie Island during 4 stages (first male foraging trip during incubation, n = 2; first female foraging trip during incubation, n = 3; guard, n = 4; and early creche, n = 1) of the 1994/5 and 1995 /6 breeding seasons. From these data, foraging zones, oceanographic features of the zones, and travelling behaviours were determined. Foraging trip length, area of foraging zone, and distance travelled were strongly correlated, and were greatest during incubation. The estimated rate of travel (mean velocity) was constant across individuals and stages in the breeding season. No diurnal patterns in rates of travel were detected, nor any patterns on different days of a foraging trip. A meander coefficient (the degree of linear travel, to give an indication of foraging activity) was constant between stages in the breeding season, and day of the foraging trip, but was greater from 07:00 to 18:00 h, suggesting increased foraging activity. Foraging during all stages of the breeding season was offshore, in deep water (greater than 2000 m) and in the polar frontal zone. During the incubation stage the foraging zones were circular, with a low Foraging Zone Coefficient (FZC: maximum distance from the colony divided by area of the foraging zone), but more direct with a higher FZC after chicks hatched. These different patterns are thought to be associated with prey resources in the region. It is concluded that the foraging behaviour of royal penguins is closely linked to the polar frontal zone, their prey, and the constraints of the breeding season. JF - Marine Ecology Progress Series AU - Hull, CL AU - Hindell, MA AU - Michael, K AD - Zool. Dep., Univ. Tasmania, GPO Box 252C, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 217 EP - 228 VL - 153 SN - 0171-8630, 0171-8630 KW - Australia KW - breeding KW - foraging behavior KW - oceanography KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25496:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16532094?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.atitle=Foraging+zones+of+royal+penguins+during+the+breeding+season%2C+and+their+association+with+oceanographic+features&rft.au=Hull%2C+CL%3BHindell%2C+MA%3BMichael%2C+K&rft.aulast=Hull&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.issn=01718630&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acid habituation of Escherichia coli and the potential role of cyclopropane fatty acids in low pH tolerance AN - 16252970; 4233731 AB - A reversible adaptive tolerance to low pH termed `acid habituation' is demonstrated for five strains of Escherichia coli. Superimposed upon the intrinsic acid tolerance of individual strains, acid habituation significantly enhances the survival of exponential phase cultures exposed to a lethal acid challenge (pH 3.0), and minimises inter-strain variability in acid tolerance. The fatty acid composition of acid habituated, non-habituated, and de-habituated exponential phase cultures is also reported. During acid habituation, monounsaturated fatty acids (16:1 omega 7c and 18:1 omega 7c) present in the phospholipids of E. coli are either converted to their cyclopropane derivatives (cy 17:0 and cy 19:0), or replaced by saturated fatty acids. The acid tolerance of individual strains of E. coli appears to be correlated with membrane cyclopropane fatty acid content and, thus, it is postulated that increased levels of cyclopropane fatty acids may enhance the survival of microbial cells exposed to low pH. The results presented illustrate the remarkable capacity of E. coli to adapt to environmental challenges, and have significant implications for the survival of spoilage and pathogenic bacteria, and hence for food safety. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Brown, J L AU - Ross, T AU - McMeekin, T A AU - Nichols, P D AD - Department of Agricultural Science, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-54, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 163 EP - 173 VL - 37 IS - 2-3 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - acidity KW - cyclopropane KW - habituation KW - pH KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16252970?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Acid+habituation+of+Escherichia+coli+and+the+potential+role+of+cyclopropane+fatty+acids+in+low+pH+tolerance&rft.au=Brown%2C+J+L%3BRoss%2C+T%3BMcMeekin%2C+T+A%3BNichols%2C+P+D&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The influence of density stratification on particle settling, dispersion and population growth AN - 16252108; 4239682 AB - Density stratification is common throughout much of our atmosphere, oceans and inland waters. It can have a strong influence on the sinking and flotation of a wide range of particulate matter, including organisms whose life cycle incorporates a water or airborne phase. Ecologically significant examples range from the dispersion of pollen, larvae and plankton, to the dispersion and deposition of sediment bound organic solids and heavy metals. While the biological effects of settling have been studied in turbulent environments, the influence of stratification has not previously been quantified. Here we develop a theory to predict the time dependent particle concentrations throughout a fluid characterised by non-uniform stratification. Factors such as dispersion, deposition and growth of particle populations have been incorporated into the model. It is shown that stratification can significantly enhance settling rates and thereby influence the survival and dispersion of colonising populations. The theory also provides simple physical explanations for commonly observed features of particle distributions, such as subsurface maxima and the onset and decay of algal blooms. JF - Journal of Theoretical Biology AU - Condie, SA AU - Bormans, M AD - CSIRO Div. Mar. Res., GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 65 EP - 75 VL - 187 IS - 1 SN - 0022-5193, 0022-5193 KW - mathematical models KW - models KW - population growth KW - settling behavior KW - spatial distribution KW - stratification KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Brackish KW - Particle settling KW - Freshwater KW - Biological drift KW - Population dynamics KW - Density stratification KW - Q1 08421:Migrations and rhythms KW - D 04615:Ecology studies - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - Q2 09186:Chemistry of suspended matter UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16252108?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Theoretical+Biology&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+density+stratification+on+particle+settling%2C+dispersion+and+population+growth&rft.au=Condie%2C+SA%3BBormans%2C+M&rft.aulast=Condie&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=187&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Theoretical+Biology&rft.issn=00225193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Particle settling; Population dynamics; Biological drift; Density stratification; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immune response to the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin in patients with cholera due to Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 AN - 16237786; 4226198 AB - The mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MSHA) is a type 4 pilus present in Vibrio cholerae O1 strains of the El Tor biotype, as well as in strains of serogroup O139. It has been shown to be a colonization antigen in animal models. The aim of this study was to investigate systemic and local antibody responses to MSHA in adult patients with cholera due to V. cholerae O1 and O139. Twenty-four of 28 (86%) patients with O1 cholera and 11 of 17 (65%) patients with O139 cholera showed significant increases in MSHA-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgM antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) 7 days after the onset of disease. However, the magnitude of the ASC response in O1 cholera patients was significantly higher than that in the O139 cholera patients in both IgA-producing (P = 0.015) and IgM-producing (P = 0.029) cells. Both groups of patients responded with antibody responses to MSHA in plasma, seroconverting with both IgA (63 to 70% of patients) and IgG (43 to 59% of patients) antibodies. Compared to the MSHA-specific antibody levels determined in healthy controls (n = 10), more than 90% of O1 and O139 cholera patients showed responses to MSHA of both the IgA and the IgG isotypes. About 70% of the patients in both groups also had antibody responses to MSHA in their feces. In summary, we demonstrated that MSHA is immunogenic, giving rise to both systemic and local antibodies in patients with cholera due to both O1 and O139 serogroups. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Qadri, F AU - Jonson, G AU - Begum, YA AU - Wenneraas, C AU - Albert, MJ AU - Salam, MA AU - Svennerholm, A M AD - Laboratory Sciences Division, ICDDR,B, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 429 EP - 434 VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - Cholera KW - Hemagglutinins KW - Vibrio cholerae KW - immune response KW - man KW - mannose KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16237786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Immune+response+to+the+mannose-sensitive+hemagglutinin+in+patients+with+cholera+due+to+Vibrio+cholerae+O1+and+O139&rft.au=Qadri%2C+F%3BJonson%2C+G%3BBegum%2C+YA%3BWenneraas%2C+C%3BAlbert%2C+MJ%3BSalam%2C+MA%3BSvennerholm%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Qadri&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A bioregional framework for planning the national system of protected areas in Australia AN - 16221552; 4221231 AB - Australia is a federation of eight states and territories, each of which controls its own protected areas system. These together with the federal system make nine separate protected areas systems. Each system has developed in a different way, with a variety of operational goals and terminology. A key requirement for cooperation between these jurisdictions - an agreed upon national classification of ecosystems or environments - was lacking until recently. The development of a national classification of ecosystems, termed the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA), by the agencies responsible for nature conservation, represents a significant breakthrough for planning and implementation of national conservation initiatives in Australia. A series of conservation planning attributes have been integrated into the IBRA to establish a bioregional planning framework for assessing the relative distribution of conservation values and priorities within each region. This paper describes the benefits of using the IBRA as the top layer in a bioregional framework, along with the need to continue developments in finer scale regionalizations that include cultural and social values. Through the integration of environmental, cultural, and social values, Australia is working to identify deficiencies in the existing systems of protected areas and to establish priorities for filling these gaps. JF - Natural Areas Journal AU - Thackway, R AU - Cresswell, I D AD - Environ. Australia, GPO Box 636, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 241 EP - 247 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0885-8608, 0885-8608 KW - Australia KW - conservation KW - environmental protection KW - planning KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16221552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.atitle=A+bioregional+framework+for+planning+the+national+system+of+protected+areas+in+Australia&rft.au=Thackway%2C+R%3BCresswell%2C+I+D&rft.aulast=Thackway&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.issn=08858608&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcoholic beverages and lipid peroxidation: Relevance to cardiovascular disease AN - 16079938; 4114082 AB - Overall there is good evidence that alcohol consumption induces oxidative stress, and leads to lipid peroxidation, effects which have been linked to alcohol-related toxicity and disease and may be relevant to alcohol-atherosclerosis interrelationships. On the other hand, a protective effect of light to moderate alcohol consumption against cardiovascular disease is well recognized, with the further hypothesis that red wine offers extra cardiovascular protection due to its rich content of antioxidant phenolic compounds. Although this hypothesis is given some credence from in vitro data, controlled studies in humans have produced conflicting results. Clearly, the equally well described pro-oxidant effects of alcohol and its metabolism have been insufficiently considered in the pursuit of what to many is an intuitively attractive hypothesis. Further studies are required to determine if red wine phenolics are actually absorbed from the gut and whether they offer any overall antioxidant protection in vivo. The hypothesis that red wine offers extra cardiovascular protection compared to other alcoholic beverages is not proven and must await the outcome of studies in which the full spectrum of the pro-oxidant and antioxidant effects of alcoholic beverages are duly considered. In the absence of such studies, there are no grounds at present for the promotion of the consumption of alcoholic beverages on the basis of their putative "antioxidant" properties. JF - Addiction Biology AU - Puddey, IB AU - Croft, K AD - Dep. Med. and Western Australian Heart Res. Inst., Univ. Western Australia, Royal Perth Hosp., GPO Box X2213, Perth, Western Australia, 6000, Australia Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 269 EP - 276 VL - 2 IS - 3 SN - 1355-6215, 1355-6215 KW - man KW - ethanol KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - reviews KW - heart KW - alcoholic beverages KW - lipid peroxidation KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16079938?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Addiction+Biology&rft.atitle=Alcoholic+beverages+and+lipid+peroxidation%3A+Relevance+to+cardiovascular+disease&rft.au=Puddey%2C+IB%3BCroft%2C+K&rft.aulast=Puddey&rft.aufirst=IB&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Addiction+Biology&rft.issn=13556215&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lipid peroxidation; alcoholic beverages; heart; reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids by an Antarctic bacterium: Response to growth temperature AN - 16037062; 4089159 AB - A psychrophilic bacterium, designated strain 651, was isolated from Antarctic sea ice collected from Prydz Bay, Eastern Antarctica. The fatty acid composition of the strain was characteristic of the Flavobacterium-Cytophaga-Microscillia group. The bacterium also produced 12.2-2.6% eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 omega 3) and 1.4-2.7% arachidonic acid (20:4 omega 6). To our knowledge this is the first report of a bacterium that contains elevated proportions of both fatty acids. The proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid responded to growth temperature in a linear manner over the temperature range 2-15 degree C while the percentage of arachidonic acid remained relatively unchanged. Eicosapentaenoic acid appears to modulate both lipid phase and fluidity in response to temperature within the cellular membrane of strain 651, while arachidonic acid does not appear to be involved in this response. Further study of the polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic mechanisms of strain 651 may yield significant information regarding the relationship between prokaryotic and eukaryotic polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Nichols, D S AU - Brown, J L AU - Nichols, P D AU - McMeekin, T A AD - Antarctic CRC, University of Tasmania, G.P.O. Box 252-54, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 349 EP - 354 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 152 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - Antarctica, Prydz Bay KW - eicosapentaenoic acid KW - arachidonic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - fatty acid composition KW - psychrophilic bacteria KW - J 02731:Lipids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16037062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Production+of+eicosapentaenoic+and+arachidonic+acids+by+an+Antarctic+bacterium%3A+Response+to+growth+temperature&rft.au=Nichols%2C+D+S%3BBrown%2C+J+L%3BNichols%2C+P+D%3BMcMeekin%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Nichols&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - psychrophilic bacteria; fatty acid composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Psychroserpens burtonensis gen. nov., sp. nov., and Gelidibacter algens gen. nov., sp. nov., psychrophilic bacteria isolated from Antarctic lacustrine and sea ice habitats AN - 16024722; 4095890 AB - Psychrophilic, yellow-pigmented, seawater-requiring bacteria isolated from the pycnocline of meromictic Burton Lake and from sea ice cores obtained in the Vestfold Hills (68 degree S, 78 degree E) in eastern Antarctica were characterized. Phenotypic analysis showed that the strains isolated formed two distinct taxa. The first taxon included nonmotile, nutritionally fastidious strains that were isolated from the pycnocline of Burton Lake. The cells of these strains were morphologically variant, ranging from vibrioid to ring shaped to coiled and filamentous; in addition, the strains were unable to metabolize carbohydrates or polysaccharides and had DNA G+C contents of 27 to 29 mol%. The strains of the second taxon, which were isolated from sea ice cores and from ice algal biomass, were saccharolytic, exhibited rapid gliding motility, were rodlike to filamentous, and had DNA G+C contents of 36 to 38 mol%. A 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence analysis revealed that the two Antarctic taxa formed related but distinct lineages within the [Flexibacter] maritimus rRNA branch of the family Flavobacteriaceae. The levels of 16S rDNA sequence similarity between the taxa were 90.5 to 91.3%, while the levels of similarity to other members of the [F.] maritimus rRNA branch were 85 to 90%. The whole-cell lipid profiles of the Antarctic strains were mainly comprised of branched and unbranched monounsaturated C sub(15) to C sub(17) fatty acids. The presence of significant levels of the lipids a 15:1 omega 10c and a17:1 omega 7c appeared to be useful biomarkers for the new Antarctic taxa and for differentiating these organisms from other members of the family Flavobacteriaceae. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic data we propose that the new taxa are novel bacterial species designated Psychroserpens burtonensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain, ACAM 188) and Gelidibacter algens gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain, ACAM 536). JF - International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology AU - Bowman, J P AU - McCammon, SA AU - Brown, J L AU - Nichols, P D AU - McMeekin, T A AD - Antarct. CRC, GPO Box 252-80, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 670 EP - 677 VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0020-7713, 0020-7713 KW - PSE, Antarctica, Princess Elizabeth Land, Vestfold Hills, KW - Taxonomy KW - cryobiology KW - marine microorganisms KW - new genus KW - new species KW - psychrophilic bacteria KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Marine KW - Flexibacteriaceae KW - sea ice KW - Freshwater KW - Flexibacter maritimus KW - Antarctica KW - Burton L. KW - PSE, Antarctica, Princess Elizabeth Land, Vestfold Hills KW - Psychroserpens burtonensis KW - taxonomy KW - new genera KW - Gelidibacter algens KW - Q1 08203:Taxonomy and morphology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - J 02905:Water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16024722?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Psychroserpens+burtonensis+gen.+nov.%2C+sp.+nov.%2C+and+Gelidibacter+algens+gen.+nov.%2C+sp.+nov.%2C+psychrophilic+bacteria+isolated+from+Antarctic+lacustrine+and+sea+ice+habitats&rft.au=Bowman%2C+J+P%3BMcCammon%2C+SA%3BBrown%2C+J+L%3BNichols%2C+P+D%3BMcMeekin%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Bowman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=670&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00207713&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - new species; sea ice; taxonomy; new genera; cryobiology; marine microorganisms; psychrophilic bacteria; Flexibacter maritimus; Flexibacteriaceae; Psychroserpens burtonensis; Gelidibacter algens; Antarctica; PSE, Antarctica, Princess Elizabeth Land, Vestfold Hills; Burton L.; Marine; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A warm future in the past AN - 15985406; 4082357 AB - To understand the impact of a possibly warmer future climate, geologists are searching the past for warmer-than-present interglacial intervals--examples of what we may expect in a world with more greenhouse gases than ours. A common tactic is to look at the last interglacial (around 120,000 years ago), but a period 423,000 to 362,000 years ago may fit the bill better, because the Earth's orbital geometry has been similar during the Holocene (the present interglacial period) to what it was then. This period is known to palaeoclimatologists as stage 11 or "MIS 11", according to a numbering system for glacial advances and retreats marked in the marine oxygen isotope record. At a recent symposium, evidence emerged of extreme climatic variation and peculiar interplays between ocean temperature, thermohaline circulation, plankton ecology, sea level and reef growth during MIS 11, all of which may provide insight into the response of the natural carbon cycle to future climate change. JF - Nature AU - Howard, W R AD - Coop. Res. Cent. for Antarctic and South. Ocean Environ., Univ. Tasmania, G.P.O. Box 252-80, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 418 EP - 419 VL - 388 IS - 6641 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - oceans KW - glaciers KW - carbon cycle KW - paleoclimatology KW - climatic changes KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15985406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=A+warm+future+in+the+past&rft.au=Howard%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=388&rft.issue=6641&rft.spage=418&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - climatic changes; paleoclimatology; glaciers; carbon cycle; oceans ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brain Asymmetry as a Potential Biomarker for Developmental TCDD Intoxication: A Dose-Response Study AN - 14482316; 10543828 AB - Chicken eggs were injected with various concentrations of TCDD to monitor the effect of the compound on brain symmetry during embryonic development. Results showed that TCDD exposure caused chicken embryo brain asymmetry that was similar to that found in three wildlife bird species. For all measured ages, the severity and frequency of asymmetry was related to dose. Asymmetry was noted on gestational day nine, when the braincase was thin and flexible, showing that the compound acted on the brain, and not on the braincase. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Henshel, Diane S AU - Martin, JWilliam AU - DeWitt, Jamie C Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 718 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 7 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - BIRDS KW - REPRODUCTION, BIRD KW - NEUROTOXICITY KW - POULTRY KW - TETRACHLORODIBENZODIOXINS KW - EMBRYOLOGY KW - SPECIES COMPARISONS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14482316?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Brain+Asymmetry+as+a+Potential+Biomarker+for+Developmental+TCDD+Intoxication%3A+A+Dose-Response+Study&rft.au=Henshel%2C+Diane+S%3BMartin%2C+JWilliam%3BDeWitt%2C+Jamie+C&rft.aulast=Henshel&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=718&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 3 |t drawings N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - REPRODUCTION, BIRD; BIRDS; NEUROTOXICITY; SPECIES COMPARISONS; POULTRY; EMBRYOLOGY; TETRACHLORODIBENZODIOXINS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Promotion of Endometriosis in Mice by Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Biphenyls AN - 14481334; 10543830 AB - Female mice were exposed to various concentrations of 2,3,7,8- or 1,3,6,8-TCDD, PCB 153, PCB 126, or 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran five times at three week intervals. Within the week of the second dose, endometriosis was induced by surgery. Mice were sacrificed three weeks after the final dose, and organs and lesions were weighed. Lesion size was also determined. Endometrial lesion growth was enhanced by exposure to 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran and 2,3,7,8-TCDD. These compounds and PCB 126 also induced activity of hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase. The results showed that the Ah receptor may mediate endometriosis promoted by halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Johnson, Krista L AU - Cummings, Audrey M AU - Birnbaum, Linda S Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 750 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 7 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS KW - ENZYME ACTIVITY KW - HORMONAL EFFECTS KW - POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS KW - TETRACHLORODIBENZODIOXINS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14481334?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Promotion+of+Endometriosis+in+Mice+by+Polychlorinated+Dibenzo-p-Dioxins%2C+Dibenzofurans%2C+and+Biphenyls&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Krista+L%3BCummings%2C+Audrey+M%3BBirnbaum%2C+Linda+S&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Krista&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=750&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 2 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; ENZYME ACTIVITY; HORMONAL EFFECTS; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS; TETRACHLORODIBENZODIOXINS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Magnesium Inhibits Nickel-Induced Genotoxicity and Formation of Reactive Oxygen AN - 14480664; 10543829 AB - Occupational exposure to nickel increases incidence of lung and nasal cancers. Exposure of the BALB/3T3 fibroblast cell line to nickel subsulfide caused cellular proliferation that was reduced by exposure to magnesium. In this cell line, magnesium reduced the number of micronuclei formed by nickel exposure. In cells of the Chinese hamster ovary, nickel exposure increased the number of cross links between DNA and protein. Magnesium reduced the number of cross links caused by nickel exposure. Accumulation of nickel was increased in cells exposed only to nickel subsulfide, but such accumulation was reduced by addition of magnesium carbonate. Magnesium suppressed the increase in formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine stimulated by nickel when hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid were present. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hong, Yun Chul AU - Paik, Seung R AU - Lee, Hun Jae AU - Lee, Kwan Hee AU - Jang, Sun Mun Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 744 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 7 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - MAGNESIUM KW - BIOACCUMULATION, ANIMAL KW - MITIGATIVE MEASURES KW - CARCINOGENIC AGENTS KW - DNA KW - MUTAGENIC AGENTS KW - NICKEL KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14480664?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Magnesium+Inhibits+Nickel-Induced+Genotoxicity+and+Formation+of+Reactive+Oxygen&rft.au=Hong%2C+Yun+Chul%3BPaik%2C+Seung+R%3BLee%2C+Hun+Jae%3BLee%2C+Kwan+Hee%3BJang%2C+Sun+Mun&rft.aulast=Hong&rft.aufirst=Yun&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=744&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 2 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - MAGNESIUM; BIOACCUMULATION, ANIMAL; MITIGATIVE MEASURES; CARCINOGENIC AGENTS; DNA; MUTAGENIC AGENTS; NICKEL ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Cellular Damage in Human Fetal Lung Fibroblasts (MRC-5 Cells) AN - 14480606; 10543827 AB - Fibroblasts of the human fetal lung (MRC-5 cells) were exposed to various concentrations of cadmium, to determine the effects of the metal on various parameters of oxidative damage to cells. Leakage of lactate dehydrogenase and production of malondialdehyde increased as dose and duration of exposure increased. Since both events are related to lipid peroxidation, this process is implicated as a major cytotoxic pathway. Addition of antioxidant enzymes inhibited lipid peroxidation and cell damage. Reactive oxidant species production that was probably hydrogen peroxide, was increased in cells exposed to cadmium. Mitochondrial damage was also found in cadmium exposed cells. The damage to the fibroblasts may be related to the toxicity of cadmium to the human lung. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Yang, Cheng-Fang AU - Shen, Han-Ming AU - Shen, Yi AU - Zhuang, Zhi-Xiong AU - Ong, Choon-Nam Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 712 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 7 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - ENZYME ACTIVITY KW - LIPIDS KW - HYDROGEN PEROXIDE KW - CADMIUM KW - LACTIC DEHYDROGENASE KW - DOSE RESPONSE PROFILES KW - PULMONARY EFFECTS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14480606?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Cadmium-Induced+Oxidative+Cellular+Damage+in+Human+Fetal+Lung+Fibroblasts+%28MRC-5+Cells%29&rft.au=Yang%2C+Cheng-Fang%3BShen%2C+Han-Ming%3BShen%2C+Yi%3BZhuang%2C+Zhi-Xiong%3BOng%2C+Choon-Nam&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Cheng-Fang&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=712&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 11 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - LACTIC DEHYDROGENASE; DOSE RESPONSE PROFILES; ENZYME ACTIVITY; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; LIPIDS; PULMONARY EFFECTS; CADMIUM ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Real Cost of Freeways AN - 1416380616 JF - Places : a Quarterly Journal of Environmental Design Y1 - 1997///Summer PY - 1997 DA - Summer 1997 SP - 100 CY - Cambridge, Mass. PB - MIT Press for the College of Environmental Design, University of California and the School of Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0731-0455 KW - Housing And Urban Planning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1416380616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apio&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Places+%3A+a+Quarterly+Journal+of+Environmental+Design&rft.atitle=The+Real+Cost+of+Freeways&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=100&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Places+%3A+a+Quarterly+Journal+of+Environmental+Design&rft.issn=07310455&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2013-08-01 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Opportunity Programs: Opening the Doors to Higher Education. Hearing on Examining Proposed Legislation Authorizing Funds for Programs of the Higher Education Act, Focusing on Those Programs Which Provide Support Services and Scholarships for Disadvantaged Students, Including Institutional Aid to Colleges and Universities, of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session. AN - 62501296; ED411756 AB - This hearing, the ninth in a series discussing issues related to the reauthorization of the Higher Education Act, focuses on three programs: Aid for Institutional Development, or Title III; the National Early Intervention Scholarship and Partnership Program; and the TRIO programs, which provide support services and scholarships for students, as well as institutional aid to colleges and universities and are intended to assist low-income, first-generation college students. The following witnesses made statements: (1) Moses Griffin, Wilberforce University (Ohio), who suggested that common evaluation criteria are inadequate for judging program effectiveness at historically black colleges and universities; (2) R. Vic Morgan, Sul Ross State University (Texas); who discussed the role of Title III at Hispanic-serving institutions; (3) Linda Shiller, speaking on behalf of the National Early Intervention Scholarship and Partnership Program, who discussed the programs of the Vermont Student Assistance Program; and (4) Ann Coles, who spoke on behalf of the National Council of Educational Opportunity Associations, and noted that over 2 million TRIO program participants had graduated from colleges over the past 30 years. Additional materials from the Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities are appended. (CH) Y1 - 1997/06/12/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jun 12 SP - 92 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160554500 KW - Higher Education Act Title III KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - TRIO Programs KW - Vermont Student Assistance Program KW - Wilberforce University OH KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Student Loan Programs KW - Federal Aid KW - Educational Legislation KW - Government School Relationship KW - Access to Education KW - School Support KW - Black Colleges KW - Higher Education KW - Public Policy KW - Student Financial Aid KW - Federal Legislation KW - Paying for College KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Institutional Evaluation KW - Federal Programs KW - Early Intervention KW - Disadvantaged Youth KW - Educationally Disadvantaged KW - College Students UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62501296?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Pre to 3: Policy Implications of Child Brain Development. Hearing on Examining the Status of Medical and Scientific Findings into Prenatal and Postnatal Brain Development and Implications That Federal Policies Have on Childhood Development, before the Subcommittee on Children and Families of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session. AN - 62517040; ED411973 AB - These hearings transcripts present testimony concerning the status of medical and scientific findings on prenatal and postnatal brain development and the implications of federal policies for childhood development. Testimony was offered by Senators Dan Coats (Indiana) and Christopher Dodd (Connecticut); psychology professor Edward Zigler of Yale University; medical and psychological researchers; and spokespersons for child and family advocacy groups. The senators focused on the importance of early brain development and its impact on later development and government programs that assist families in raising children such as Head Start and the Family Medical Leave Act. Medical and university representatives described results of positron emission tomography studies of biochemical brain activity, comparative analyses of brain activity in normal and deprived infants, the critical period in brain growth, auditorially-mediated learning and auditory perception in human newborns, the impact of prenatal substance abuse and postnatal abuse on brain development, and the importance of early experience. Professor Zigler maintained that American society does not support optimal early development and recommended expanding the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, addressing the problem of child care, and supporting expanded parent education programs. A clinical psychologist commented on the need to nurture developing attachment relationships and expressed concerns about day care quality. Child and family advocates recommended that the dependent child care tax credit be made universal and noted bills which could assist home-based businesses and telecommuting employees. Materials supporting the testimony are attached. (KB) Y1 - 1997/06/05/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jun 05 SP - 90 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160553199 KW - Brain Development KW - Congress 105th KW - Family and Medical Leave Act 1993 KW - Home Based Employment KW - Project Head Start KW - Proposed Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Toddlers KW - Cognitive Development KW - Government Role KW - Public Policy KW - Neurological Impairments KW - Taxes KW - Neuropsychology KW - Hearings KW - Research KW - Tax Credits KW - Neurology KW - Infants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62517040?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Government Performance and Results Act Strategies for Both the Veterans Benefits Administration's Education Service and the Vocational Rehabilitation and Counseling Services. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Benefits of the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session. AN - 62501604; ED415392 AB - This document reports the oral and written testimony submitted at a Congressional hearing on implementation of the Government Performance and Results Act in the Veterans Benefits Administration's (VBA) educational service and vocational and counseling services. Oral and written testimony was presented by Representative Jack Quinn, chair of the committee, and Representatives Bob Filner and Lane Evans, as well as representatives of the VBA. The testimony focused on the need to evaluate VBA programs in terms of outcomes and how to set up outcome measurements. How to measure these outcomes, what outcomes to measure, and for how long are issues currently being addressed, according to the testimony. (KC) Y1 - 1997/06/05/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jun 05 SP - 44 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160557208 KW - Congress 105th KW - Government Performance and Results Act 1993 KW - Veterans Benefits Administration KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Vocational Rehabilitation KW - Public Policy KW - Job Training KW - Outcomes of Education KW - Needs KW - Federal Legislation KW - Policy Formation KW - Hearings KW - Program Evaluation KW - Employment Programs KW - Veterans Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62501604?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 105-12. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The technological reshaping of metropolitan America AN - 839062034; 1656154 JF - International journal of urban and regional research AU - Graham, Stephen AU - Graham, Stephen Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 389 EP - 390 VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0309-1317, 0309-1317 KW - Sociology KW - U.S.A. KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Urban areas KW - Technology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/839062034?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+urban+and+regional+research&rft.atitle=The+technological+reshaping+of+metropolitan+America&rft.au=Graham%2C+Stephen&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+urban+and+regional+research&rft.issn=03091317&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 12622; 7999; 13161 1247; 433 293 14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anti-HIV ribozymes AN - 815536172; 13859659 AB - HIV is an RNA virus that replicates intracellularly through various RNA intermediates. Several of these can be targeted by ribozymes (catalytic RNA molecules), and a number of investigators, including this group, have demonstrated the ability of ribozymes to suppress HIV replication in this way. It is argued that this gene therapy approach may be viewed as an adjunct to chemotherapeutic drugs, which may allow not just viral suppression, but also immune restoration. This can only finally be tested in clinical trials, and several are planned. The basic ribozyme unit, the potential of which was described less than 10 years ago, is about to be tested in an amenable disease state. JF - Molecular Biotechnology AU - Sun, Lun-Quan AU - Ely, Julie A AU - Gerlach, Wayne AU - Symonds, Geoff AD - Johnson & Johnson Research Laboratories, Rushcutter's Bay, GPO Box 3331, 2001, Sydney, NSW, Australia Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 241 EP - 251 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 1073-6085, 1073-6085 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Gene therapy KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Replication KW - RNA viruses KW - Ribozymes KW - Clinical trials KW - Immunosuppressive agents KW - W 30905:Medical Applications KW - V 22360:AIDS and HIV KW - N 14810:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815536172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Anti-HIV+ribozymes&rft.au=Sun%2C+Lun-Quan%3BEly%2C+Julie+A%3BGerlach%2C+Wayne%3BSymonds%2C+Geoff&rft.aulast=Sun&rft.aufirst=Lun-Quan&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10736085&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02740815 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gene therapy; Replication; RNA viruses; Immunosuppressive agents; Clinical trials; Ribozymes; Human immunodeficiency virus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02740815 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Advanced Telecommunications in U.S. Private Schools, K-12: Fall 1995. Statistical Analysis Report. AN - 62627096; ED409894 AB - This document provides data from a nationally representative sample of private elementary, secondary, and combined schools in the United States and District of Columbia in the fall 1995. Twenty-five percent of private schools had access to the Internet. By comparison, 50% of public schools were on the Internet. Access to the Internet varied by instructional level of the school and size of enrollment; 57% of private secondary schools had Internet access compared with 23% of elementary schools and 19% of schools combining elementary and secondary grades. Almost all private schools (95%) were equipped with computers. On average, there were 24 computers per private school and an average of 9 private school students per computer. Nonsectarian schools reported fewer students per computer (6) than Catholic schools (10) and other religious schools. Nine percent of all the computers in private schools had Internet access and there were 99 students for every computer with Internet access. The percent of computers on the Internet in nonsectarian private schools was almost four times higher than the percent in schools with religious affiliations. Nonsectarian schools reported the lowest ratio of students per Internet connected computer--25 to 1. The ratio of students per computer with Internet access also varied by instructional level. Five percent of all instructional rooms in private schools had Internet access. Seventy-three percent of private schools provided access in one or more instructional rooms. Nonsectarian schools were more likely than Catholic schools to provide classroom access to the Internet. Of private schools with Internet access, 94% had e-mail, 72% had World Wide Web access, 69% had access to newsgroups, and 67% had search capability services. Ninety-four percent of private schools connected to wide area networks by modem. Teachers and staff had the largest role in developing private schools' advanced telecommunications activities, followed by parents. Fourteen percent of private schools had a full-time network administrator. Four in 10 private schools that did not have Internet access had plans to obtain access in the future. Funding was the most frequently cited barrier to the acquisition or use of advanced telecommunications in private schools. Twenty-one tables present statistics and standard errors for tables. The survey instrument is included. (AEF) AU - Heaviside, Sheila AU - Farris, Elizabeth Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 86 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160491142 KW - Connectivity KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Access to Information KW - Statistical Data KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Educational Equipment KW - Telecommunications KW - Tables (Data) KW - Private Schools KW - Educational Technology KW - Internet UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62627096?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Projections of Education Statistics to 2007. AN - 62621083; ED408367 AB - "Projections of Education Statistics to 2007" is the 26th report in a series begun in 1964 that revises projections annually to show statistics on elementary and secondary schools and institutions of higher education at the national level. Included are projections for enrollment, graduates, classroom teachers, and expenditures. In addition, this report contains projections of public school elementary and secondary enrollment and high school graduates to the year 2007 at the state level. These projections are not intended to supplant detailed projections prepared in the individual states. Projections in this report reflect revisions influenced by the 1990 Census and its 1995 estimates. A methodology section describes models and assumptions used to develop the projections, which are based on a cohort-survival model, an age-specific enrollment rate model, exponential smoothing models, and econometric models. Most of the projections include three alternatives, based on different assumptions about growth paths. The first alternative set, the middle alternative, is considered to be the most likely projection, but the high and low alternatives present a reasonable range of outcomes. Total public and private elementary and secondary school enrollment is projected to increase to 54.3 million by the year 2007, an increase of 7% from 1995. Higher education enrollment is projected to increase from an estimated 13.9 million in 1995 to 16.1 million in 2007. Accompanying these increases will be increases in the numbers of high school and college graduates and classroom teachers. Four appendixes contain technical information, supplementary tables, remarks on data sources, and a glossary. (Contains 1 chart, 71 figures, 52 tables, 26 methodological tables, and 12 supplementary tables.) (SLD) AU - Gerald, Debra E. AU - Hussar, William J. Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 208 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160490987 KW - National Center for Education Statistics KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - High School Graduates KW - School Demography KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Educational Trends KW - Higher Education KW - School Statistics KW - Census Figures KW - Enrollment Projections KW - Public Schools KW - College Graduates KW - Tables (Data) KW - Private Schools KW - Trend Analysis KW - Futures (of Society) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62621083?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The Condition of Education, 1997. AN - 62611447; ED404766 AB - The 1997 "Condition of Education" is an indicator report, analyzing key data that measure the health of education, monitor important developments, and show trends in major aspects of education. The report first presents four "Issues in Focus": (1) "The Social Context of Education"; (2) "Women in Mathematics and Science"; (3) "Public and Private Schools: How Do They Differ?; and (4) "Postsecondary Persistence and Attainment." Following the discussion of issues are 60 indicators of the current status of education, 18 of which are new. The indicators are divided into six areas: (1) access, participation, and progress; (2) achievement, attainment, and curriculum; (3) economic and other outcomes of education; (4) organization and management of educational institutions; (5) climate and diversity of educational institutions; and (6) human and financial resources of educational institutions. The report includes the text, tables, and charts for each indicator plus the technical supporting data, supplemental information, and data sources. Information on issues in elementary and secondary education are integrated with those on issues in postsecondary education to reflect the continuity of educational experiences. Appendices comprise over half of the publication and contain supplemental tables and notes, a list of data sources, a glossary, an index, and a list of selected publications of the National Center for Education Statistics. (LMI) AU - Smith, Thomas M. Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 418 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160490731 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Postsecondary Education KW - School Demography KW - Access to Education KW - Educational Indicators KW - Academic Achievement KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Educational Trends KW - Educational Attainment KW - School Statistics KW - Outcomes of Education KW - Ethnic Distribution KW - Enrollment KW - Educational Resources KW - Government Publications KW - Educational Assessment KW - Tables (Data) KW - Educational Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62611447?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For 1996 report, see ED 394 217. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Feasibility of Conducting Followup Surveys in the National Household Education Survey. Technical Report. AN - 62609292; ED408369 AB - The National Household Education Survey (NHES) is a data collection system of the National Center for Education Statistics, which has the legislative mission of collecting and publishing data on the condition of education in the United States. The NHES provides information on educational issues that are best addressed by contacting households rather than educational institutions. It is a telephone survey of the noninstitutionalized civilian population of the United States. As part of a methodological study, the NHES for 1991 contained an experiment to test the feasibility of using the NHES as a mechanism to conduct longitudinal studies of young children. This report describes the design, procedures, and results of the followup survey. In NHES:91, parents of children aged 3 to 8 years were surveyed about the care and education of their children for the NHES Early Childhood Education component. The feasibility of a longitudinal followup survey was tested by drawing a random subsample of children from that survey and attempting to locate the same respondents about 1 year later. A sample of 513 children was selected, and of the 452 parents or guardians located in the followup, 90% were successfully interviewed at the later date. Implications for longitudinal studies are discussed. It appears that the longitudinal response rate for such a survey would probably be about 62 to 65%. (Contains 8 tables, 1 figure, 1 exhibit, and 22 references.) (SLD) AU - Brick, Michael J. Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 31 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160490820 KW - National Household Education Survey KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Young Children KW - Response Rates (Questionnaires) KW - Reliability KW - Early Childhood Education KW - National Surveys KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Evaluation Methods KW - Telephone Surveys KW - Followup Studies KW - Data Collection KW - Parents KW - Tables (Data) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62609292?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Profiles of Students with Disabilities as Identified in NELS:88. AN - 62607835; ED409663 AB - This report summarizes characteristics of students with disabilities in the National Education Longitudinal Study (NELS:88), which conducted a base-year survey in 1988 of all U.S. public and private schools containing eighth grades, followed up at 2-year intervals in 1990, 1992, and 1994. Among general observations are the following: (1) students identified in NELS:88 as disabled tended to have greater difficulties in school and realized fewer positive outcomes of schooling; (2) relatively small percentages of students with disabilities as identified by NELS:88 perceived themselves or were identified by school officials as having received special education services during high school; and (3) teachers in NELS:88 were perceptive judges of which students were failing to perform well in the classroom, but linking the identification of disability status to classroom performance may blur the distinction between students with disabilities and students at risk. After an introductory chapter, individual chapters address the following issues concerning students with disabilities: disability identification, students' background characteristics, school experiences, and educational outcomes. A concluding chapter lists characteristics of populations identified as disabled by both parents and teachers and only by teachers, not by parents. Four appendices list NELS:88 indicators of disability, NELS:88 disability estimates based on alternative disability definitions, and research/technical notes. (Contains 12 references.) (DB) AU - Rossi, Robert Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 149 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0328 (single copies free); National Library of Education, VL - NCES-97-254 KW - National Education Longitudinal Study 1988 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - High Risk Students KW - Special Education KW - Student Characteristics KW - Disability Identification KW - National Surveys KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Secondary Education KW - Outcomes of Education KW - Student Experience KW - Profiles KW - Disabilities KW - Incidence KW - Definitions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62607835?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Transfer Behavior among Beginning Postsecondary Students: 1989-94. Postsecondary Education Descriptive Analysis Reports. Statistical Analysis Report. AN - 62603345; ED408929 AB - This report analyzes patterns of undergraduate transfer behavior of students who entered postsecondary education during the academic year 1989-90. Data were derived from the spring 1994 follow-up of the 1990 Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study. The report notes that attendance at multiple institutions is widespread: at 4-year institutions almost half of beginning students enrolled elsewhere within 5 years, although only 25 percent transferred; and at community colleges, 25 percent were identified as working toward a bachelor's degree. The report data, which are summarized in 9 figures and 28 tables, and the discussion cover the following areas: (1) definition of transfer; (2) the general phenomenon of attendance at multiple institutions; (3) transfer activity in general; (4) transfer from 4-year institutions; (5) transfer from public 2-year to 4-year institutions; and (5) transfer activities, controlling for background. Three appendixes provide reference tables, a glossary, and technical notes and methodology. (Contains 12 references.) (CH) AU - McCormick, Alexander C. AU - Carroll, Dennis C. Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 89 PB - U.S.Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160490618 KW - Beginning Postsecondary Students Long Study KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Two Year Colleges KW - Educational Mobility KW - College Attendance KW - Transfer Students KW - Public Colleges KW - Higher Education KW - National Surveys KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - College Transfer Students KW - College Credits KW - Outcomes of Education KW - Attendance Patterns KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Enrollment KW - Community Colleges KW - Student Mobility KW - Academic Persistence KW - Trend Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62603345?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Protecting the Privacy of Student Records. Guidelines for Education Agencies. AN - 62602435; ED409622 AB - Education-agency and school staff are legally and ethically responsible for safeguarding student information. In addition to federal and state laws and regulations, education agencies need policies and procedures to guide their everyday information-maintenance operations. This document provides examples of policies and procedures as well as guidelines for deciding what is needed to ensure the privacy of student information. Section 1 provides an overview of the issues and discusses important concepts and terminology used throughout the document. Section 2 describes federal laws protecting the privacy of students that have implications for the maintenance and release of student data by state and local education agencies. The third section describes appropriate procedures for collecting individual information about students. Section 4 explains the management controls and policies needed to maintain and use data within the agency or school. It also addresses the issue of assessing who in an agency or school has a "legitimate educational interest" in specific information about an individual student. The fifth section describes procedures for providing access to a student's education record by the eligible student or the parent. The final section suggests procedures for handling external requests to release information from individual school records. The appendices contain the text of key federal rules and regulations. A topical index, section summary, an index of commonly asked questions, and 22 exhibits are included. Each section includes references, an overview, commonly asked questions, and guidelines. (LMI) AU - Cheung, Oona Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 155 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160491185 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Federal Legislation KW - Confidentiality KW - Privacy KW - Federal Regulation KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Higher Education KW - Data Collection KW - Confidential Records KW - Compliance (Legal) KW - Student Records KW - State Regulation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62602435?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Prepared for the National Forum on Education Stati N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Women's Colleges in the United States: History, Issues, and Challenges. AN - 62596337; ED409815 AB - This book examines the role of women's colleges in the United States from the early 1800s to the present. It reviews how they began, how they changed as more colleges became coeducational, and the legality of publically supported single-sex colleges. The book also looks at what women's colleges are like today and examines differences in institutional effects for students who choose to attend women's colleges versus those who attend coeducational institutions. The four chapters, written by different authors, are titled: (1) "Women's Colleges in the United States, A Historical Context" (Elizabeth DeBra); (2) "Women's Colleges in the United States, Recent Issues and Challenges" (Irene Harwarth and Florence Fasanelli); (3) "Women's Colleges in the United States, A Statistical Portrait" (Irene Harwarth); and (4) "Women's Colleges in the United States, An Overview of Research and Questions for the Future" (Mindi Maline). An appendix contains 18 tables with data on enrollment by size and type of institution, by geographic region, and for selected years; degrees awarded; staffing at private 4-year colleges by occupational category, sex, and Carnegie classification; and average salary of full-time faculty at women's colleges by sex and Carnegie classification. (Contains 100 references.) (CH) AU - Harwarth, Irene Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 133 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160491150 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Policymakers KW - Practitioners KW - Women Faculty KW - Undergraduate Students KW - Legal Problems KW - Womens Education KW - Educational Trends KW - Sociocultural Patterns KW - Higher Education KW - Role Models KW - Educational History KW - College Choice KW - Degrees (Academic) KW - Single Sex Colleges KW - Enrollment Trends KW - Coeducation KW - Public Education KW - College Outcomes Assessment KW - Females KW - Womens Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62596337?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The Handbook of Child and Elder Care Resources. AN - 62505638; ED413089 AB - Approximately 700,000 Federal employees have children under age 13; at least an equal number of Federal employees are estimated to have concerns about their elderly parents and relatives. This handbook was developed primarily to put government employees in touch with the many free resource organizations and agencies around the country that can help them meet their dependent care needs. It also provides practical tips on how to find quality child care, information about federal personnel programs that can help to balance work and family responsibilities, and places to call for further information on related topics, such as obtaining financial assistance. The handbook is divided into three parts: Child Care, Elder Care, and Work and Family Programs. Part I suggests practical steps to take in finding quality child care, including questions to ask during the initial telephone screening and a checklist of things to observe when visiting child care centers or homes. It also provides a directory of resource and referral services around the country, and a list of federal and national organizations that can help parents learn about quality child care. Part II explains a variety of community resources that are offered around the country to help older adults function independently, and discusses housing options, financial and medical considerations, nursing homes, and home health care agencies. It also provides a short summary of the services provided by federal and national organizations which can help employees meet their elder care needs. The last part provides information on the Office of Personnel Management's (OPM's) Work and Family Program Center and government-wide personnel flexibility; and on programs, policies, and leave options to help employees balance their work and family demands. (Author/EV) Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 120 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160490235 KW - Day Care Licensing KW - Day Care Quality KW - Day Care Selection KW - Elder Care KW - Medicaid KW - Medicare KW - Medigap Insurance KW - Project Head Start KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Elementary Education KW - Family Work Relationship KW - Long Term Care KW - School Age Day Care KW - Federal Government KW - Legal Responsibility KW - Dependents KW - Family Day Care KW - Government Employees KW - Day Care Centers KW - Older Adults KW - Adult Day Care KW - Health Insurance KW - Preschool Education KW - Federal Programs KW - Day Care KW - Organizations (Groups) KW - Sick Child Care UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62505638?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - James S. Coleman (12 May 1926-25 March 1995) AN - 61512031; 9806186 AB - (Originally published in the New York Times Magazine, 31 Dec 1995.) A brief biographical note on the liberal mathematical sociologist, James S. Coleman. This sketch touches on the findings of Coleman's extensive research done in compliance with the Civil Rights Act, which required that educational facilties in the South be investigated to measure inequalities & judge how they contributed to educational outcomes worse than in schools in other parts of the country. The research led to the "politically incorrect" conclusion that family, not inadequate facilities, was the root of the problem. C. Ray JF - Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society AU - Moynihan, Daniel Patrick AD - 464 Russell Bldg, Washington DC 20510 senator@moynihan.senate.gov Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 223 EP - 224 VL - 141 IS - 2 SN - 0003-049X, 0003-049X KW - History of Sociology KW - Coleman, James Samuel KW - Intellectual History KW - article KW - 0206: sociology: history and theory; history & present state of sociology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61512031?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+American+Philosophical+Society&rft.atitle=James+S.+Coleman+%2812+May+1926-25+March+1995%29&rft.au=Moynihan%2C+Daniel+Patrick&rft.aulast=Moynihan&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=141&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+American+Philosophical+Society&rft.issn=0003049X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - PAPCAA N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coleman, James Samuel; History of Sociology; Intellectual History ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Generalised Morality and the Problem of Transition to an Impersonal Exchange Regime: A Response to Platteau AN - 61490550; 9716181 AB - Addresses the problem of transition from a personalized exchange regime (that characterizes most less-developed countries) to the more impersonal form of exchange that marks advanced market economies. Efforts in this area have received impetus from the discussion launched by Jean-Philippe Platteau (1994 [see abstract 9502930] & in this issue]) who seeks to clarify the social conditions that allow the market system to evolve. While the role of private & public order institutions in generating market order is recognized, this is regarded as inadequate, necessitating the invocation of "generalized morality" to complete the explanation. It is argued that a closer look at the historical role of risk-bearing institutions, especially financial institutions, does not need to be invoked. Evidence from the Bangladesh rice market is adduced in support of the contention that there exist elements even within a "traditional" exchange regime that can evolve into modern, impersonal forms. This argument is elaborated through regional contrasts. 1 Table, 35 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - The Journal of Development Studies AU - Murshid, K A S AD - Bangladesh Instit Development Studies, GPO Box 3854 E-17 Agargaon Dhaka 1207 Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 693 EP - 713 VL - 33 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0388, 0022-0388 KW - personalized-impersonalized exchange regime, transition difficulties, underlying social conditions/morality KW - response KW - Morality KW - Depersonalization KW - Market Economy KW - Social Change KW - Exchange (Economics) KW - Economic Development KW - Developing Countries KW - Social Conditions KW - Bangladesh KW - article KW - 0749: social change and economic development; market structures & consumer behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61490550?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Development+Studies&rft.atitle=Generalised+Morality+and+the+Problem+of+Transition+to+an+Impersonal+Exchange+Regime%3A+A+Response+to+Platteau&rft.au=Murshid%2C+K+A+S&rft.aulast=Murshid&rft.aufirst=K+A&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=693&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+Development+Studies&rft.issn=00220388&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - JDVSA9 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Developing Countries; Market Economy; Economic Development; Exchange (Economics); Morality; Depersonalization; Social Conditions; Social Change; Bangladesh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multifactorial Self-Concept and Delinquency in Australian Adolescents AN - 60069405; 9812968 AB - Scale data are used to test 365 Australian adolescents' self-evaluation regarding delinquent behaviors & to differentiate between nondelinquents, noninstitutionalized delinquents, & institutionalized delinquents. The relative self-concept scores of the groups indicate that the more serious the delinquent behavior, the more negative the self-concept. 1 Table, 1 Appendix, 11 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Journal of Social Psychology AU - Levy, Kenneth St C AD - Dept Justice, GPO Box 149 Brisbane Queensland 4001 Australia kslevy@jag.qld.gov.au Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 277 EP - 283 VL - 137 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4545, 0022-4545 KW - Self Evaluation KW - Self Concept KW - Juvenile Delinquency KW - Australia KW - Adolescents KW - article KW - 1939: the family and socialization; adolescence & youth KW - 2151: social problems and social welfare; juvenile delinquency UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60069405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Social+Psychology&rft.atitle=Multifactorial+Self-Concept+and+Delinquency+in+Australian+Adolescents&rft.au=Levy%2C+Kenneth+St+C&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+St&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=137&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Social+Psychology&rft.issn=00224545&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-10-30 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - JSPSAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Self Evaluation; Adolescents; Australia; Juvenile Delinquency; Self Concept ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alveolar breath sampling and analysis to assess trihalomethane exposures during competitive swimming training. AN - 21357973; 7709359 AB - Alveolar breath sampling was used to assess trihalomethane (THM) exposures encountered by collegiate swimmers during a typical 2-hr training period in an indoor natatorium. The breath samples were collected at regular intervals before, during, and for 3 hr after a moderately intense training workout. Integrated and grab whole-air samples were collected during the training period to help determine inhalation exposures, and pool water samples were collected to help assess dermal exposures. Resulting breath samples collected during the workout demonstrated a rapid uptake of two THMs (chloroform and bromodichloromethane), with chloroform concentrations exceeding the natatorium air levels within 8 min after the exposure began. Chloroform levels continued to rise steeply until they were more than two times the indoor levels, providing evidence that the dermal route of exposure was relatively rapid and ultimately more important than the inhalation route in this training scenario. Chloroform elimination after the exposure period was fitted to a three compartment model that allowed estimation of compartmental half-lives, resulting minimum bloodborne dose, and an approximation of the duration of elevated body burdens. We estimated the dermal exposure route to account for 80% of the blood chloroform concentration and the transdermal diffusion efficiency from the water to the blood to in excess of 2%. Bromodichloromethane elimination was fitted to a two compartment model which provided evidence of a small, but measurable, body burden of this THM resulting from vigorous swim training. These results suggest that trihalomethane exposures for competitive swimmers under prolonged, high-effort training are common and possibly higher than was previously thought and that the dermal exposure route is dominant. The exposures and potential risks associated with this common recreational activity should be more thoroughly investigated. Images Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lindstrom, A B AU - Pleil, J D AU - Berkoff, D C AD - National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 636 EP - 642 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 VL - 105 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Water sampling KW - Training KW - Byproducts KW - Chloroform KW - Efficiency KW - Recreation areas KW - Trihalomethanes KW - body burden KW - Diffusion KW - Chlorination KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21357973?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Alveolar+breath+sampling+and+analysis+to+assess+trihalomethane+exposures+during+competitive+swimming+training.&rft.au=Lindstrom%2C+A+B%3BPleil%2C+J+D%3BBerkoff%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Lindstrom&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=636&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Training; Chloroform; Trihalomethanes; Byproducts; Chlorination; Inhalation; body burden; Recreation areas; Efficiency; Water sampling; Diffusion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biomarkers of gene expression: growth factors and oncoproteins. AN - 21272530; 11701805 AB - This article reviews the literature on the application of methods for the detection of growth factors, oncogene proteins, and tumor-suppressor gene proteins in the blood of humans with cancer or who are at risk for the development of cancer. The research summarized here suggests that many of these biomarker assays can be used to distinguish between diseased and nondiseased states and in some instances may be able to predict susceptibility for future disease. Thus, these biomarkers could be valuable tools for monitoring at-risk populations for purposes of disease prevention and control. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Brandt-Rauf, P W AD - Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University School of Public Health, New York, New York 10032, USA. Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 807 EP - 816 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Oncogenes & Growth Factors Abstracts KW - Bioindicators KW - Tumor suppressor genes KW - biomarkers KW - Cancer KW - Gene expression KW - Blood KW - Oncogenes KW - Reviews KW - prevention KW - Proteins KW - Growth factors KW - growth factors KW - ENA 13:Population Planning & Control KW - B 26670:Tumor Suppressors KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - G 07730:Development & Cell Cycle KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21272530?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Biomarkers+of+gene+expression%3A+growth+factors+and+oncoproteins.&rft.au=Brandt-Rauf%2C+P+W&rft.aulast=Brandt-Rauf&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+4&rft.spage=807&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gene expression; Tumor suppressor genes; Blood; Oncogenes; Growth factors; biomarkers; Cancer; Bioindicators; Reviews; prevention; Proteins; growth factors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Breast cancer risk and environmental exposures. AN - 21270525; 11701800 AB - Although environmental contaminants have potential to affect breast cancer risk, explicit environmental links to this disease are limited. The most well-defined environmental risk factors are radiation exposure and alcohol ingestion. Diet is clearly related to the increased incidence of breast cancer in developed countries, but its precise role is not yet established. Recent studies have implicated exposure to organochlorines including DDT as a risk factor for breast cancer in the United States, Finland, Mexico, and Canada. Other investigations have discovered associations between breast cancer risk and exposures to chemical emissions and some occupational exposures. Several points must be considered in evaluating the relationship of environmental exposure to breast cancer. Among these considerations are the mechanism of tumorigenesis, timing of environmental exposure, and genetic modulation of exposure. Epidemiologic and ecologic investigations must take into account the very complex etiology of breast cancer and the knowledge that tumorigenesis can arise from different mechanisms. Thus crucial exposures as well as reproductive events related to breast cancer may occur years before a tumor is evident. Moreover, environmental contaminants may alter reproductive development, directly or indirectly, and thereby effect the course of tumorigenesis. Such alterations include change in gender, change in onset of puberty, and inhibition or promotion of tumor formation. Timing of exposure is therefore important with respect to mechanism and susceptibility. Finally, genetic polymorphisms exist in genes that govern capacity to metabolize environmental contaminants. Higher risk may occur among persons whose enzymes either are more active in the production of procarcinogens or fail to detoxify carcinogenic intermediates formed from chemicals in the environment. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Wolff, M S AU - Weston, A AD - Division of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029-6574, USA. Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 891 EP - 896 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Alcohol KW - Etiology KW - Organochlorine compounds KW - Finland KW - Enzymes KW - tumors KW - Ingestion KW - Cancer KW - USA KW - Mexico KW - Insecticides KW - Canada KW - Carcinogenicity KW - DDT KW - Gender KW - Emissions KW - Breast cancer KW - Occupational exposure KW - developed countries KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21270525?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Breast+cancer+risk+and+environmental+exposures.&rft.au=Wolff%2C+M+S%3BWeston%2C+A&rft.aulast=Wolff&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+4&rft.spage=891&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Alcohol; Etiology; Organochlorine compounds; Enzymes; tumors; Ingestion; Cancer; Insecticides; Carcinogenicity; Gender; DDT; Emissions; Breast cancer; Occupational exposure; developed countries; USA; Mexico; Canada; Finland ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer chemoprevention and therapy by monoterpenes. AN - 21263475; 11703697 AB - Monoterpenes are found in the essential oils of many plants including fruits, vegetables, and herbs. They prevent the carcinogenesis process at both the initiation and promotion/progression stages. In addition, monoterpenes are effective in treating early and advanced cancers. Monoterpenes such as limonene and perillyl alcohol have been shown to prevent mammary, liver, lung, and'other cancers. These compounds have also been used to treat a variety of rodent cancers, including breast and pancreatic carcinomas. In addition, in vitro data suggest that they may be effective in treating neuroblastomas and leukemias. Both limonene and perillyl alcohol are currently being evaluated in phase I clinical trials in advanced cancer patients. The monoterpenes have several cellular and molecular activities that could potentially underlie their positive therapeutic index. The monoterpenes inhibit the isoprenylation of small G proteins. Such inhibitions could alter signal transduction and result in altered gene expression. The results of a new gene expression screen-subtractive display-have identified or confirmed several up- or downregulated genes in regressing mammary carcinomas. For example, these regressing tumors overexpress the mannose 6-phosphate/IGF II receptor. The product of the gene both degrades the mammary tumor mitogen IGF II and activates the cytostatic factor TGF-beta. These and other alterations in the gene expression of mammary carcinomas lead to a G1 cell cycle block, followed by apoptosis, redifferentiation, and finally complete tumor regression in which tumor parenchyma is replaced by stromal elements. It is likely that monoterpenes prevent mammary cancer during their progression stage by mechanisms similar to those that occur during therapy. In contrast, prevention of mammary cancer by polycyclic hydrocarbons such as 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene occur by the induction of detoxifying phase II hepatic enzymes. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Gould, M N AD - Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53792, USA, gould@humonc.wisc.edu Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 977 EP - 979 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Alcohol KW - herbs KW - fruits KW - Monoterpenes KW - tumors KW - clinical trials KW - Cancer KW - chemotherapy KW - rodents KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21263475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Cancer+chemoprevention+and+therapy+by+monoterpenes.&rft.au=Gould%2C+M+N&rft.aulast=Gould&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+4&rft.spage=977&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alcohol; herbs; fruits; Monoterpenes; tumors; clinical trials; rodents; chemotherapy; Cancer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Native cellular fluorescence and its application to cancer prevention. AN - 21261975; 11704945 AB - Native cellular fluorescence (NCF) represents the innate capacity of tissues to absorb and emit light of specified wavelengths. Recent advances in optical engineering and computer technology have provided the, opportunity to measure NCF characteristics of various tissues in vivo. This report will briefly review the current status of NCF analysis of various neoplastic tissues. The status of investigations involving the upper aerodigestive tract will be discussed. Though initial results demonstrate that neoplastic tissues can be discriminated from normal mucosa by NCF analysis, the biologic basis of this difference remains uncertain. This report will also emphasize that the ability to screen for cancer in aerodigestive mucosa may be enhanced through the assessment of multiple emission and excitation wavelengths. The true nature of the cellular fluorophores responsible for these mucosal spectral characteristics should be more fully defined in coming years. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Schantz, S P AU - Savage, H E AU - Sacks, P AU - Alfano, R R AD - Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA, schantz@mskcc.ong Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 941 EP - 944 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Fluorescence KW - Reviews KW - prevention KW - Emissions KW - Cancer KW - Technology KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21261975?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Native+cellular+fluorescence+and+its+application+to+cancer+prevention.&rft.au=Schantz%2C+S+P%3BSavage%2C+H+E%3BSacks%2C+P%3BAlfano%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Schantz&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+4&rft.spage=941&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fluorescence; Reviews; Emissions; prevention; Cancer; Technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Roles of retinoids and their nuclear receptors in the development and prevention of upper aerodigestive tract cancers. AN - 21261424; 11703689 AB - Vitamin A analogs (retinoids) suppress oral and lung carcinogenesis in animal models and prevent the development of second primary tumors in head, neck, and lung cancer patients. These effects result from changes in the expression of genes that regulate cell growth and differentiation. Retinoic acid receptors (RARs; -alpha, -beta, and -gamma) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs; -alpha, -beta, and, -gamma) are retinoid-activated transcription factors, which mediate effects of retinoids on gene expression. Therefore, alterations in receptor expression or function could interfere with the retinoid signaling pathway and thereby enhance cancer development. We found that the expression of RAR beta was suppressed in more than 50% of oral and lung premalignant lesions in individuals without cancer and in dysplastic lesions adjacent to cancer and in malignant oral and lung carcinomas. The expression of the other receptors was not different among normal, dysplastic, and malignant oral tissues. However, the expression of RAR gamma and RXR beta was somewhat decreased in lung cancers. These results show that RAR beta expression is lost at early stages of carcinogenesis in the aerodigestive tract and support the hypothesis that the loss of RAR beta expression may facilitate the development of some of these cancers. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lotan, R AD - Department of Tumor Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA., rlotan@tumorbo1.mda.uth.tma.edu Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 985 EP - 988 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Environment Abstracts KW - Receptor mechanisms KW - Animal models KW - tumors KW - Differentiation KW - vitamins KW - prevention KW - Lesions KW - Lung cancer KW - Retinoic acid receptors KW - Head KW - Lung carcinoma KW - Nuclear receptors KW - Tumors KW - Neck KW - Cancer KW - Retinoid X receptors KW - Transcription factors KW - Vitamin A KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Retinoids KW - Signal transduction KW - N 14840:Antisense, Nucleotide Analogs KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21261424?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Roles+of+retinoids+and+their+nuclear+receptors+in+the+development+and+prevention+of+upper+aerodigestive+tract+cancers.&rft.au=Lotan%2C+R&rft.aulast=Lotan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+4&rft.spage=985&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Retinoic acid receptors; Head; Receptor mechanisms; Lung carcinoma; Nuclear receptors; Animal models; Tumors; Neck; Retinoid X receptors; Differentiation; Vitamin A; Transcription factors; Carcinogenesis; Retinoids; Lung cancer; Signal transduction; vitamins; prevention; Lesions; tumors; Cancer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiology of ultraviolet-DNA repair capacity and human cancer. AN - 21261020; 11701798 AB - The following conclusions are derived from an epidemiological study. Reduced repair of ultraviolet (UV)-induced DNA damage contributes directly to basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in individuals with prior sunlight overexposure. A family history of BCC is a predictor of low DNA repair. Repair of UV-damaged DNA declines at a fixed rate of approximately 1% per annum in noncancerous controls. The DNA repair differences between young BCC cases and their controls disappear as they age. Hence, BCC, in terms of DNA repair, is a premature aging disease. The persistence of photochemical damage because of reduced repair results in point mutations in the p53 gene and allelic loss of the nevoid BCC gene (Gorlin's syndrome) located on chromosome 9q. The fact that environmental vulnerability is gender oriented implicates hormones in regulating DNA repair. Xeroderma pigmentosum appears to be a valid paradigm for the role of DNA repair in BCC in the general population. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Grossman, L AD - Department of Biochemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA., lg@welchlink.welch.jhu.edu Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 927 EP - 930 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Age KW - Aging KW - Hormones KW - chromosome 9 KW - Genetics KW - Chromosomes KW - U.V. radiation KW - Sunlight KW - aging KW - Point mutation KW - sunlight KW - DNA repair KW - Cancer KW - Carcinoma KW - p53 protein KW - DNA damage KW - Basal cells KW - Photochemicals KW - Epidemiology KW - Gender KW - Gorlin syndrome KW - DNA KW - vulnerability KW - Xeroderma pigmentosum KW - Mutation KW - ENA 13:Population Planning & Control KW - N 14820:DNA Metabolism & Structure KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21261020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+of+ultraviolet-DNA+repair+capacity+and+human+cancer.&rft.au=Grossman%2C+L&rft.aulast=Grossman&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+4&rft.spage=927&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aging; Point mutation; DNA repair; Hormones; p53 protein; Carcinoma; chromosome 9; DNA damage; Basal cells; U.V. radiation; Epidemiology; Gorlin syndrome; Sunlight; Xeroderma pigmentosum; Age; sunlight; Cancer; Genetics; Chromosomes; Photochemicals; Gender; DNA; vulnerability; Mutation; aging ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of human glutathione transferases and epoxide hydrolases in the metabolism of xenobiotics. AN - 21260347; 11703693 AB - Human glutathione transferases (GSTs) are a multigene family of enzymes that are involved in the metabolism of a wide range of electrophilic compounds of both exogenous and endogenous origin. GSTs are generally recognized as detoxifying enzymes by catalyzing the conjugation of these compounds with glutathione, but they may also be involved in activation of some carcinogens. The memmalian GSTs can be differentiated into four classes of cytosolic enzymes and two membrane bound enzymes. Human epoxide hydrolases (EHs) catalyze the addition of water to epoxides to form the corresponding dihydrodiol. The enzymatic hydration is essentially irreversible and produces mainly metabolites of lower reactivity that can be conjugated and excreted. The reaction of EHs is therefore generally regarded as detoxifying. The mammalian EHs can be distinguished by their physical and enzymatic properties. Microsomal EH (mEH) exhibits a broad substrate specificity, while the soluble EH (sEH) is an enzyme with a "complementary" substrate specificity to mEH. Cholesterol EH and leukotriene A4 hydrolase are two EHs with very limited substrate specificity. The activities of either GSTs or EHs expressed in vivo exhibit a relatively large interindividual variation, which might be explained by induction, inhibition, or genetic factors. These variations in levels or activities of individual isoenzymes are of importance with respect to an individual's susceptibility to genotoxic effects. This article gives a general overview of GSTs and EHs, discussing the modulation of activities, determination of these enzymes ex vivo, and the polymorphic expression of some isoenzymes. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Seidegard, J AU - Ekstrom, G AD - Human Pharmacology at Astra Draco AB, Lund, Sweden., janeric.seidegard@clraco.se.astra.com Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 791 EP - 799 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Membranes KW - Genotoxicity KW - Enzymes KW - Metabolites KW - Carcinogens KW - Xenobiotics KW - cholesterol KW - Metabolism KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21260347?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+role+of+human+glutathione+transferases+and+epoxide+hydrolases+in+the+metabolism+of+xenobiotics.&rft.au=Seidegard%2C+J%3BEkstrom%2C+G&rft.aulast=Seidegard&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+4&rft.spage=791&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Membranes; Genotoxicity; Enzymes; Metabolites; Xenobiotics; Carcinogens; cholesterol; Metabolism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methods for and approaches to evaluating susceptibility of ecological systems to hazardous chemicals. AN - 21259451; 11703694 AB - Differences in genetic susceptibility to hazardous chemicals affect individuals of both human and nonhuman populations. In both cases, differences in response to chemicals or general ill health result as a function of these differences in genetic susceptibility. However, ecological systems are a compilation of hundreds or even thousands of different species, resulting in structural and functional characteristics that are themselves affected by differences in susceptibility. Although individual and population differences in susceptibility to hazardous chemicals underlie effects at the community and the ecosystem level, they do not account for all differences. I propose a two-tiered approach to evaluating susceptibility to ecological systems: a general susceptibility as a function of ecosystem type (based on structure and function of that system) and a differential in susceptibility within broad ecosystem types as a function of biotic and abiotic factors. In terrestrial ecosystems, the two factors that most affect overall susceptibility are species diversity and hydrology; evaluation of the effects of hazardous chemicals involves measuring species diversity and water movement. This same methodological approach can be applied to aquatic ecosystems and to highly altered ecosystems such as agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and urbanization. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Burger, J AD - Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855-1059, USA., burger@biology.rutgers.edu Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 843 EP - 848 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Urbanization KW - abiotic factors KW - Species diversity KW - Fisheries KW - agriculture KW - Hydrology KW - terrestrial ecosystems KW - Forestry KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21259451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Methods+for+and+approaches+to+evaluating+susceptibility+of+ecological+systems+to+hazardous+chemicals.&rft.au=Burger%2C+J&rft.aulast=Burger&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+4&rft.spage=843&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chemicals; abiotic factors; Urbanization; Fisheries; Species diversity; agriculture; Hydrology; terrestrial ecosystems; Forestry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolic activation of toxins: tissue-specific expression and metabolism in target organs. AN - 21259225; 11703696 AB - Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes catalyze the generation of reactive species capable of binding with cellular macromolecules, leading to acute and delayed toxicity. Since individual CYP forms differ markedly in their substrate preferences and regulation, the expression profiles of CYP in various cell types are important determinants in tissue-specific toxicity. The highest concentrations of most forms of CYP are found in liver, but they are also present in many extrahepatic organs. Liver is also a target organ in which CYP-mediated activation and toxic outcome have been most convincingly linked. Prime examples are paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity and aflatoxin B1-associated hepatic cancer. In contrast to liver, most extrahepatic tissues are composed of multiple call types, which make experimental approaches difficult. Also the low abundance of individual forms is a challenge in the study of extrahepatic CYP-related toxicity. Recent years have witnessed the emergence of molecular biological techniques, e.g., reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions, which facilitate the study of low abundant CYP forms in human tissues. Nevertheless, in the end we need definite information on the expression of activity, and for this purpose enzyme-specific substrates, reactions, and inhibitors and other methods to detect proteins and associated activities are needed. In humans, it is important to measure activities of specific enzymes in vivo. For this purpose, two approaches are currently available. Metabolism and/or elimination of enzyme-specific drugs can be employed. In cases in which genetic background determines the presence or absence of a specific enzyme, phenotyping and genotyping tests can be devised, e.g., for CYP2D6 (debrisoquine hydroxylation) polymorphism. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Pelkonen, O AU - Raunio, H AD - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Finland, olavi.pelkonen@oulu.fi Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 767 EP - 774 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Macromolecules KW - Gene polymorphism KW - Abundance KW - Substrate preferences KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Drugs KW - Genotyping KW - Aflatoxins KW - Enzymes KW - Toxicity KW - Organs KW - Cancer KW - Toxins KW - hepatotoxicity KW - Hydroxylation KW - Phenotyping KW - Vocalization behavior KW - Liver KW - Metabolic activation KW - Cytochrome P450 KW - Metabolism KW - CYP2D6 protein KW - X 24370:Natural Toxins KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21259225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Metabolic+activation+of+toxins%3A+tissue-specific+expression+and+metabolism+in+target+organs.&rft.au=Pelkonen%2C+O%3BRaunio%2C+H&rft.aulast=Pelkonen&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+4&rft.spage=767&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Macromolecules; Genotyping; Gene polymorphism; Abundance; Aflatoxins; Enzymes; Toxicity; hepatotoxicity; Toxins; Cancer; Hydroxylation; Phenotyping; Substrate preferences; Vocalization behavior; Liver; Metabolic activation; Polymerase chain reaction; Cytochrome P450; Drugs; CYP2D6 protein; Organs; Metabolism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acetylation as an indicator of risk. AN - 21258997; 11704944 AB - Aromatic amine acetylation has been recognized for many years as an important metabolic polymorphism in humans because of its relationship to disease. This system serves as a model in risk assessment because of its role in drug and carcinogen activation and detoxification and because of the case with which it is measured. However, possible interactions of NAT1-NAT2 phenotypes or genotypes illustrate the complexity of xenobiotic metabolism pathways. Moreover, the use of such information for risk assessment is further complicated by the association of the rapid phenotype with increased risk in colon cancer and the slow phenotype with increased risk in urinary bladder cancer. Before this biomarker can be effectively utilized as a significant predictor of individual risk, it will be necessary to identify specific sources of aromatic amine exposure and to characterize further the substrate specificity of NAT1 and NAT2 in relation to the multiplicity of enzyme variants occurring in human populations. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lang, N P AD - John L. McClelian VA Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA., nplang@life.uams.edu Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 763 EP - 766 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Detoxification KW - Bioindicators KW - Risk assessment KW - Enzymes KW - Xenobiotics KW - Genotypes KW - Carcinogens KW - Amines KW - Cancer KW - urinary bladder KW - human populations KW - Drugs KW - Metabolism KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21258997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Acetylation+as+an+indicator+of+risk.&rft.au=Lang%2C+N+P&rft.aulast=Lang&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+4&rft.spage=763&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Bioindicators; Detoxification; Enzymes; Carcinogens; Genotypes; Xenobiotics; Amines; Cancer; urinary bladder; human populations; Drugs; Metabolism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alterations in the K-ras and p53 genes in rat lung tumors. AN - 21253535; 11701802 AB - Activation of the K-ras protooncogene and inactivation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene are events common to many types of human cancers. Molecular epidemiology studies have associated mutational profiles in these genes with specific exposures. The purpose of this paper is to review investigations that have examined the role of the K-ras and p53 genes in lung tumors induced in the F344 rat by mutagenic and nonmutagenic exposures. Mutation profiles within the K-ras and p53 genes, if present in rat lung tumors, would help to define some of the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer induction by various environmental agents. Pulmonary adenocarcinomas or squamous cell carcinomas were induced by tetranitromethane (TNM), 4-methylnitrosamino-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), beryllium metal, plutonium-239, X-ray, diesel exhaust, or carbon black. These agents were chosen because the tumors they produced could arise via different types of DNA damage. Mutation of the K-ras gene was determined by approaches that included DNA transfection, direct sequencing, mismatch hybridization, and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The frequency for mutation of the K-ras gene was exposure dependent. Only two agents, TNM and plutonium, led to mutation frequencies of > 10%. In both cases, the transition mutations formed could have been derived from deamination of cytosine. The identification of non-ras transforming genes in rat lung tumors induced by mutagenic and nonmutagenic exposures such as NNK and beryllium would help define some of the mechanisms underlying cancer induction by different types of DNA damage. Alteration in the p53 gene was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis for p53 protein and single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of exons 4 to 9. None of the 93 adenocarcinomas examined was immunoreactive toward the anti-p53 antibody CM1. In contrast, 14 to 71 squamous cell carcinomas exhibited nuclear p53 immunoreactivity with no correlation to type of exposure. However, SSCP analysis only detected mutations in 2 of 14 squamous cell tumors that were immunoreactive, suggesting that protein stabilization did not stem from mutations within the p53 gene. Thus, the p53 gene does not appear to be involved in the genesis of most rat lung tumors. Images Figure 1. Figure 2. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Belinsky, S A AU - Swafford, D S AU - Finch, G L AU - Mitchell, C E AU - Kelly, G AU - Hahn, F F AU - Anderson, M W AU - Nikula, K J AD - Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA. Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 901 EP - 906 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Oncogenes & Growth Factors Abstracts KW - Tumor suppressor genes KW - Molecular modelling KW - Heavy metals KW - Deamination KW - tumors KW - Cytosine KW - DNA sequencing KW - Carbon KW - Immunoreactivity KW - Metals KW - Plutonium KW - Exons KW - Single strand conformation polymorphism KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - squamous cell carcinoma KW - Tumors KW - Cancer KW - p53 protein KW - Exhausts KW - K-Ras protein KW - DNA damage KW - Antibodies KW - Epidemiology KW - Lung KW - Transfection KW - Ionizing radiation KW - Beryllium KW - DNA KW - Proteins KW - Diesel KW - Adenocarcinoma KW - Diesel engines KW - Mutation KW - B 26670:Tumor Suppressors KW - G 07730:Development & Cell Cycle KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21253535?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Alterations+in+the+K-ras+and+p53+genes+in+rat+lung+tumors.&rft.au=Belinsky%2C+S+A%3BSwafford%2C+D+S%3BFinch%2C+G+L%3BMitchell%2C+C+E%3BKelly%2C+G%3BHahn%2C+F+F%3BAnderson%2C+M+W%3BNikula%2C+K+J&rft.aulast=Belinsky&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+4&rft.spage=901&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Molecular modelling; Tumor suppressor genes; Heavy metals; Deamination; Cytosine; DNA sequencing; Carbon; Immunoreactivity; Plutonium; Single strand conformation polymorphism; Exons; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; squamous cell carcinoma; Tumors; Cancer; Exhausts; p53 protein; DNA damage; K-Ras protein; Antibodies; Epidemiology; Transfection; Lung; Ionizing radiation; Beryllium; Diesel; Adenocarcinoma; Mutation; Metals; DNA; Proteins; tumors; Diesel engines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mini- and microsatellites. AN - 21251817; 11701804 AB - While the faithful transmission of genetic information requires a fidelity and stability of DNA that is involved in translation into proteins, it has become evident that a large part of noncoding DNA is organized in repeated sequences, which often exhibit a pronounced instability and dynamics. This applies both to longer repeated sequences, minisatellites (about 10-100 base pairs), and microsatellites (mostly 2-4 base pairs). Although these satellite DNAs are abundantly distributed in all kinds of organisms, no clear function has been discerned for them. However, extension of trinucleotide microsatellite sequences has been associated with several severe human disorders, such as Fragile X syndrome and Huntington's disease. Rare alleles of a minisatellite sequence have been reported to be associated with the ras oncogene leading to an increased risk for several human cancers. A dynamic behavior of repeated DNA sequences also applies to telomeres, constituting the ends of the chromosomes. Repeated DNA sequences protect the chromosome ends from losing coding sequences at cell divisions. The telomeres are maintained by the enzyme telomerase. Somatic cells, however, lose telomerase function and gradually die. Cancer cells have activated telomerase and therefore they acquire immortality. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Ramel, C AD - Department of Genetic and Cellular Toxicology, Stockholm University, Sweden, claes.ramel@genetics.su.se Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 781 EP - 789 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Environment Abstracts KW - Translation KW - Telomerase KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Remote sensing KW - Somatic cells KW - Huntington's disease KW - Chromosomes KW - Oncogenes KW - Repeated DNA sequences KW - Ras protein KW - Microsatellites KW - Enzymes KW - Satellites KW - Cancer KW - Telomeres KW - Cell division KW - Fidelity KW - Fragile X syndrome KW - Satellite DNA KW - DNA KW - Proteins KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251817?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Mini-+and+microsatellites.&rft.au=Ramel%2C+C&rft.aulast=Ramel&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+4&rft.spage=781&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ras protein; Translation; Telomerase; Nucleotide sequence; Microsatellites; Enzymes; Somatic cells; Cancer; Huntington's disease; Telomeres; Chromosomes; Fidelity; Cell division; Oncogenes; Fragile X syndrome; Satellite DNA; Repeated DNA sequences; Remote sensing; DNA; Proteins; Satellites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemoprevention of ultraviolet radiation-induced skin cancer. AN - 21251314; 11703686 AB - The use of chemical and physical sunscreening agents has increased dramatically during the last two to three decades as an effective means of preventing sunbum. The use of high sunprotection factor sunscreens has also been widely promoted for the prevention of skin cancer, including melanoma. Whereas sunscreens are undoubtedly effective in preventing sunbum, their efficacy in preventing skin cancer, especially melanoma, is currently under considerable debate. Sunscreens have been shown to prevent the induction of DNA damage that presumably results from the direct effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on DNA. DNA damage has been identified as an initiator of skin cancer formation. However, both laboratory and epidemiological studies indicate that sunscreens may not block the initiation or promotion of melanoma formation. These studies suggest that the action spectrum for erythema induction is different than the action spectrum for the induction of melanoma. Indeed, recent reports on the wavelength dependency for the induction of melanoma in a fish model indicate that the efficacy of ultraviolet A wavelengths (320-400 nm) to induce melanoma is orders of magnitude higher than would be predicted from the induction of erythema in man or nonmelanoma skin tumors in mice. Other strategies for the chemoprevention of skin cancer have also been reported. Low levels and degree of unsaturation of dietary fats protect against UVR-induced skin cancer in mice humens. Compounds with antioxidant activity, including green tea extracts (polyphenols), have been reported to inhibit UVR-induced skin carcinogenesis. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Ley, R D AU - Reeve, V E AD - Photomedicine Program, Lovelace Institutes, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, USA, rley@lni.org Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 981 EP - 984 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Skin KW - Carcinogenesis KW - DNA KW - Mice KW - Fish KW - melanoma KW - Cancer KW - chemotherapy KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251314?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Chemoprevention+of+ultraviolet+radiation-induced+skin+cancer.&rft.au=Ley%2C+R+D%3BReeve%2C+V+E&rft.aulast=Ley&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+4&rft.spage=981&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Skin; Carcinogenesis; DNA; Fish; Mice; melanoma; chemotherapy; Cancer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Practice intensity: urban vs rural [Letter and response] AN - 205176546 JF - Canadian Family Physician AU - Coyte, Peter G AU - Catz, Mariana AU - Stricker, Michelle AU - Dawes, CRS Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 1048 EP - 1049 CY - Mississauga PB - College of Family Physicians of Canada VL - 43 SN - 0008350X KW - Medical Sciences KW - Rural health services KW - 9172:Canada UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/205176546?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apqrl&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Family+Physician&rft.atitle=Practice+intensity%3A+urban+vs+rural+%5BLetter+and+response%5D&rft.au=Coyte%2C+Peter+G%3BCatz%2C+Mariana%3BStricker%2C+Michelle%3BDawes%2C+CRS&rft.aulast=Coyte&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1048&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Family+Physician&rft.issn=0008350X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Central N1 - Copyright - Copyright College of Family Physicians of Canada Jun 1997 N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-09 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Project Aquarius 11. Effects of fitness, fatness, body size, and age on the energy expenditure, strain, and productivity of men suppressing wildland fires AN - 17106111; 4420229 AB - Multiple-regression analyses were done to evaluate the effects of aerobic fitness (maximum oxygen uptake per kg fat-free mass), fatness (body fat content, %), body size (as reflected in fat-free mass), and age on the strain (i.e. the physiological and subjective responses) and fireline productivity of four crews of firefighters (N=21) while (1) they undertook 'line rakes', in which they attempted to suppress well-developed experimental bushfires of intensities commonly faced by hand-tool crews, and also built fireline in the same way without fire, during three summers in Australian eucalypt forests; and (2) they underwent the Shvartz heat-tolerance test, which requires 15 minutes of step-climbing at a fixed pace in a room temperature of 23 degree C. The results showed that the expected effects of fitness and fatness, established through laboratory studies and confirmed in the Shvartz test, were attenuated or absent during the line rakes, apparently because of serf pacing and the absence of rapid climbing. In the line rakes fitter men did not work harder than the less fit but were more productive and efficient and had somewhat lower heart rates; fatter men tended to be more productive than leaner men but did not experience greater strain; bigger men (as measured by fat-free mass) were more productive than smaller men; age had no effect on strain or productivity; and associations observed during work in both the line rakes and the Shvartz test were already present before the work commenced, apparently because of emotional arousal. JF - International Journal of Wildland Fire AU - Brotherhood, J R AU - Budd, G M AU - Hendrie, AL AU - Jeffery, SE AU - Beasley, F A AU - Costin, B P AU - Wu, Zhien AU - Baker, M M AU - Cheney, N P AU - Dawson, M P AD - Natl. Inst. Occup. Health and Safety (Worksafe Australia), GPO Box 58, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 181 EP - 199 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 1049-8001, 1049-8001 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Heart rate KW - Heat tolerance KW - Wildfire KW - Firefighter services KW - Body size KW - Occupational health KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17106111?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.atitle=Project+Aquarius+11.+Effects+of+fitness%2C+fatness%2C+body+size%2C+and+age+on+the+energy+expenditure%2C+strain%2C+and+productivity+of+men+suppressing+wildland+fires&rft.au=Brotherhood%2C+J+R%3BBudd%2C+G+M%3BHendrie%2C+AL%3BJeffery%2C+SE%3BBeasley%2C+F+A%3BCostin%2C+B+P%3BWu%2C+Zhien%3BBaker%2C+M+M%3BCheney%2C+N+P%3BDawson%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Brotherhood&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.issn=10498001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wildfire; Body size; Occupational health; Firefighter services; Heart rate; Heat tolerance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Project Aquarius 10. Effects of work, weather, and fire on the energy expenditure, strain, and productivity of men suppressing wildland fires AN - 17104515; 4420228 AB - Four crews of male firefighters were studied while they attempted to suppress well-developed experimental bushfires of intensities commonly faced by handtool crews, and also while they built fireline in the same way without fire, during three summers in Australian encalypt forests. Multiple-regression analyses of their responses showed that they maintained their deep body temperature and heart rate at constant and sustainable levels over a wide range of work duration and intensity, and of heat from weather and fire that frequently exceeded the limits recommended in current heat-stress guidelines. Energy expenditure declined slightly with warmer weather and fire although not with rake duration. Productivity was unchanged by warmer weather but declined slightly with rake duration and with fire. The findings confirm the effectiveness of the firefighters' work practices that allowed them to set their own pace, and of their light, well ventilated clothing that permitted unrestricted evaporation of sweat. JF - International Journal of Wildland Fire AU - Budd, G M AU - Brotherhood, J R AU - Hendrie, AL AU - Jeffery, SE AU - Beasley, F A AU - Costin, B P AU - Wu, Zhien AU - Baker, M M AU - Cheney, N P AU - Dawson, M P AD - Natl. Inst. Occup. Health and Safety (Worksafe Australia), GPO Box 58, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 167 EP - 180 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 1049-8001, 1049-8001 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Wildfire KW - Threshold limits KW - Firefighter services KW - Heat tolerance KW - Crew safety KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17104515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.atitle=Project+Aquarius+10.+Effects+of+work%2C+weather%2C+and+fire+on+the+energy+expenditure%2C+strain%2C+and+productivity+of+men+suppressing+wildland+fires&rft.au=Budd%2C+G+M%3BBrotherhood%2C+J+R%3BHendrie%2C+AL%3BJeffery%2C+SE%3BBeasley%2C+F+A%3BCostin%2C+B+P%3BWu%2C+Zhien%3BBaker%2C+M+M%3BCheney%2C+N+P%3BDawson%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Budd&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.issn=10498001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Crew safety; Wildfire; Firefighter services; Threshold limits; Heat tolerance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outer membrane protein A gene sequencing demonstrates the polyphyletic nature of koala Chlamydia pecorum isolates AN - 16557036; 4371704 AB - Chlamydia are considered to be the most important pathogen of koalas in which they cause ocular and urogenital infections. As recently as 1996 it was realised that koala chlamydial infections do not belong to the species Chlamydia psittaci but instead should be reassigned to the species C. pecorum and C. pneumoniae. We have used DNA sequence analysis of part of the chlamydial major outer membrane protein gene, ompA VD4, to compare 15 koala C. pecorum isolates. Unexpectedly, we found that the koala isolates did not cluster as a single branch in the C. pecorum tree, but instead were represented by five genetically very distinct genotypes. Two of the genotypes (which contained five koala isolates each) were koala-specific whereas one genotype contained a single koala isolate plus three sheep and two cattle isolates. For all five koala genotypes, their nearest relatives were not other koala genotypes, but sheep, cattle or pig isolates. It may be inferred from our data that C. pecorum strains infecting koalas do not form a monophyletic group with respect to other C. pecorum strains, and therefore the model which states that there was a single acquisition of a C. pecorum infection by a koala and that all C. pecorum strains now infecting koalas are descended from that founding strain is unlikely to be correct. The most plausible model is that koalas have obtained C. pecorum infections as a result of a series of cross-species transmission events, possibly from pigs and/or ruminants. JF - Systematic and Applied Microbiology AU - Jackson, M AU - Giffard, P AU - Timms, P AD - Centre for Molecular Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane Australia 4001, p.timms@qut.edu.au Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 187 EP - 200 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0723-2020, 0723-2020 KW - double prime A protein KW - ompA gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Genotyping KW - Outer membranes KW - Genitourinary tract KW - Chlamydia pecorum KW - Membrane proteins KW - Disease transmission KW - Phacolarctos cinereus KW - Chlamydia pneumoniae KW - DNA KW - J 02862:Infection KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16557036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Systematic+and+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Outer+membrane+protein+A+gene+sequencing+demonstrates+the+polyphyletic+nature+of+koala+Chlamydia+pecorum+isolates&rft.au=Jackson%2C+M%3BGiffard%2C+P%3BTimms%2C+P&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Systematic+and+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=07232020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlamydia pecorum; Chlamydia pneumoniae; Phacolarctos cinereus; DNA; Disease transmission; Outer membranes; Membrane proteins; Genotyping; Genitourinary tract ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Values and the state in natural resource management: The Mt. Wellington Skyway dispute, Hobart, Tasmania AN - 16503450; 4410755 AB - This article presents a study of land-use politics at the local level in Hobart, capital of the small island state of Tasmania. It is concerned with the politics of local place in the Mt. Wellington Skyway cable car dispute and the tactics employed by the state government, in contravention of sustainability principles, to prioritise development over public concern for a local environment. The dispute is reviewed in terms of ideological contention, planning and decision making, and the role of the state in facilitating development. It is found to be characteristically Tasmanian in terms of state legislative support for the project and attitudes in the local community and local government polarised firmly against it. The management of the Mt. Wellington Range itself is found to have been hindered by a history of non-decision making and neglect of intrinsic natural values, and the management of the Skyway approval process to have been expediently driven by utilitarian concerns. The article closely scrutinises the type of local environmental issue that Rainbow (1993) suggests has catalysed green politics at the state level in Tasmania. But more generally, it also presents a classic study of the ideological contention that continues to inspire natural resource conflict wherever communities face the degradation of local places defined by significant natural areas. JF - Local Environment AU - Crowley, K AD - Dep. Govt., Univ. Tasmania, GPO Box 252-22, Hobart, Tas., Australia, 7001 Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 119 EP - 138 VL - 2 IS - 2 SN - 1354-9839, 1354-9839 KW - Australia, Tasmania, Hobart KW - Mt. Wellington Skyway KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16503450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Local+Environment&rft.atitle=Values+and+the+state+in+natural+resource+management%3A+The+Mt.+Wellington+Skyway+dispute%2C+Hobart%2C+Tasmania&rft.au=Crowley%2C+K&rft.aulast=Crowley&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Local+Environment&rft.issn=13549839&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Allozyme variation in the marine fanworm Sabella spallanzanii: Comparison of native European and introduced Australian populations AN - 16494930; 4401275 AB - Three Australian (Cockburn Sound, Western Australia; Adelaide, South Australia; Port Phillip Bay, Victoria) and four European (Roscoff, Atlantic; Alicante, Carteau, and Marseille, all from the Mediterranean Sea) populations of Sabella spallanzanii were examined for variation at 23 allozyme loci. Levels of genetic variation were high, with average heterozygosities per locus ranging from 0.20 to 0.21 for the Australian collections, and from 0.23 to 0.27 for the European collections. The 3 Australian collections were genetically very closely related to one another, with no statistically significant differences at any of the 15 variable loci. This suggests either an introduction to one port, with a subsequent spread to other areas, or separate introductions with subsequent extensive gene flow. The 4 European collections showed limited, but significant, differentiation among themselves at 10 of 18 variable loci. Much of the heterogeneity reflected differences between the Roscoff (Atlantic) collection and the 3 Mediterranean collections. The Roscoff collection was less variable, in terms of both heterozygosity and mean numbers of alleles, than the Mediterranean collections. The Australian collections were more closely related to the Mediterranean collections (mean Nei distance = 0.040) than to the Roscoff collection (mean Nei distance = 0.084). If a Mediterranean origin is assumed, then the introduction to Australia was accompanied by the loss of about 18% of the original variation. Finally, the high genetic similarity of the Australian to the European collections of S. spallanzanii, and the very clear genetic separation of S. pavonina (mean Nei distance = 0.996), reaffirms that the Australian collections are truly S. spallanzanii and not an undescribed native species. JF - Marine Ecology Progress Series AU - Andrew, J AU - Ward, R D AD - CSIRO Div. Mar. Res., GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia, bob.wardarine.csiro.au Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 131 EP - 143 VL - 152 IS - 1-3 SN - 0171-8630, 0171-8630 KW - Australia KW - Europe KW - Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Population genetics KW - Genetic variance KW - Founder effect KW - Isoenzymes KW - Sabella spallanzanii KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - D 04657:Annelids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16494930?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.atitle=Allozyme+variation+in+the+marine+fanworm+Sabella+spallanzanii%3A+Comparison+of+native+European+and+introduced+Australian+populations&rft.au=Andrew%2C+J%3BWard%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Andrew&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.issn=01718630&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Population genetics; Genetic variance; Isoenzymes; Founder effect; Sabella spallanzanii ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Xerophytic implications of increased sclerophylly: Interactions with water and light in Hakea psilorrhyncha seedlings AN - 16313830; 4254237 AB - Hakea psilorrhyncha R. M. Barker seedlings were subjected to a two-way interaction experiment with two levels of water availability and two levels of light. Physiological drought was imposed by adding 6000 MW polyethylene glycol (PEG), at an osmotic potential of -0 times 56 MPa, in a continuous-flow drip irrigation system. Unstressed plants (-PEG) were watered with distilled water (osmotic potential of -0 times 01 MPa). Seedlings were grown under natural light (120-500 mu mol m super(-2) s super(-1) sunlight at midday +L) or shaded (<150 mu mol m super(-2) s super(-1) sunlight at midday; -L. Plant morphology tissue water relations and carbon isotope composition ( delta super(13)C) were measured after 12 wk growth. The smallest leaves had the highest mass per unit area (LMA, an index of sclerophylly) and were present in the + PEG + L treatment, whereas the largest, thickest leaves had the lowest density and were produced in the -PEG + L treatment. Plants in shade were smaller and less sclerophyllous. There was a linear decrease in osmotic potential at full turgor and turgor loss point, and an increase in elastic modulus and delta super(13)C, as level of sclerophylly increased, with -PEG-L leaves at one extreme and +PEG +L at the other. We conclude that high levels of sclerophylly induced by low water availability and high light intensity are associated with substantial drought tolerance in H. psilorrhyncha. JF - New Phytologist AU - Groom, P K AU - Lamont, B B AD - Sch. Environ. Biol., Curtin Univ. Technol., GPO Box U1987, Perth WA 6001, Australia Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 231 EP - 237 VL - 136 IS - 2 SN - 0028-646X, 0028-646X KW - drought resistance KW - leaves KW - light intensity KW - sclerophylls KW - water availability KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16313830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=Xerophytic+implications+of+increased+sclerophylly%3A+Interactions+with+water+and+light+in+Hakea+psilorrhyncha+seedlings&rft.au=Groom%2C+P+K%3BLamont%2C+B+B&rft.aulast=Groom&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Phytologist&rft.issn=0028646X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mesoscale distribution and abundance of four pelagic copepod species in Prydz Bay AN - 16312792; 4256455 AB - Knowledge of copepod abundance and distribution has been limited, particularly in the Indian Ocean sector, as the use of coarse sampling gear has meant that copepods were frequently lost from the catch. This study analyses samples obtained from Prydz Bay using a fine mesh (300 mu m) Rectangular Midwater Trawl (RMT1) net during summer 1992-93. Results demonstrate that a net of mesh 4.5 mm used in previous studies underestimates total copepod abundance by a factor of 38. The abundance of the smaller species has been underestimated the most. New estimates of copepod biomass indicate that copepods represent approximately 27% of krill biomass. Copepod and krill distributions are shown to be discrete at 82.4% dissimilarity. Mean temperature accounted for 33.6% of the variation in copepod distribution while two of the species showed a slight correlation with chlorophyll a pigment data. These results highlight the numerical importance of copepods and the species' distributions in the East Antarctic marine ecosystem. JF - Antarctic Science AU - Beaumont, K L AU - Hosie, G W AD - Dep. Zool., Univ. Tasmania, GPO Box 252-05, Hobart 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 121 EP - 133 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 0954-1020, 0954-1020 KW - Copepods KW - Indian Ocean KW - abundance KW - spatial distribution KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04665:Crustaceans UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16312792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antarctic+Science&rft.atitle=Mesoscale+distribution+and+abundance+of+four+pelagic+copepod+species+in+Prydz+Bay&rft.au=Beaumont%2C+K+L%3BHosie%2C+G+W&rft.aulast=Beaumont&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antarctic+Science&rft.issn=09541020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil nutrient dynamics and community boundaries in the fynbos vegetation of South Africa AN - 16292210; 4300456 AB - The relationship between changes in soil nutrient characteristics and fynbos community boundaries was investigated near Cape Agulhas, South Africa. Soil characteristics relating to total nutrient content (pH, total N and total P, organic carbon, and various cations) were assessed at sites along three transects crossing the boundaries between five plant communities. Dynamics of available N and P in soils of three communities were studied in the field over one year, using ion-exchange resins. There was a wide range in the degree of change in soil nutrient content across different community boundaries. The characteristics that varied most were pH, total N, Ca and total P. Differences in available nutrients among soils indicated that the communities in this landscape were associated with a mosaic of N and P availability. It is proposed that spatial variation in soil nutrient availability rather than total soil nutrient contents may be important in explaining landscape-level species distributions and community composition in nutrient-poor mediterranean-climate ecosystems. JF - Plant Ecology AU - Richards, M B AU - Stock, W D AU - Cowling, R M AD - Sch. Environ. Biol., Curtin Univ. Technol., GPO Box U1987, Perth 6001, WA, Australia Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 143 EP - 153 VL - 130 IS - 2 SN - 1385-0237, 1385-0237 KW - South Africa KW - fynbos KW - nutrient dynamics KW - plant communities KW - soil nutrients KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16292210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Ecology&rft.atitle=Soil+nutrient+dynamics+and+community+boundaries+in+the+fynbos+vegetation+of+South+Africa&rft.au=Richards%2C+M+B%3BStock%2C+W+D%3BCowling%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Ecology&rft.issn=13850237&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Importance of Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae) as habitat for immature mosquitoes at the Ross River Reservoir, Australia AN - 16228888; 4222028 AB - From November 1990 to November 1992, immature mosquitoes were sampled from the shoreline and from emergent beds of the submerged aquatic plant Hydrilla verticillata at the Ross River reservoir, northern Australia. Aerial mapping of Hydrilla beds was done in conjunction with sampling to estimate total immature mosquito numbers. Larvae of 7 species were found. Culex annulirostris, Anopheles annulipes s.l., and Anopheles amictus comprised 80.4% of the total. Peak larval densities occurred in the late wet season period in both habitat types (March to May) but Hydrilla generally supported higher densities, particularly of An. annulipes s.l. (43.7% of the total sample), than the shoreline habitats. Anopheles annulipes replaced Cx. annulirostris as the predominant taxon when 1990-92 data were compared with data for 1985-86. The Hydrilla beds supported on the order of 5.6 x 10 super(9) immatures during the period of peak density. This suggests that where human exposure is of concern, mosquito control in habitats such as Hydrilla is warranted. JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association AU - Hearnden, M N AU - Kay, B H AD - Dep. Primary Ind. and Fish., G.P.O. Box 990, Darwin, Northern Territory, 0801, Australia Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 164 EP - 170 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 8756-971X, 8756-971X KW - Australia KW - Diptera KW - Hydrilla KW - freshwater environments KW - habitat preferences KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05210:Aquatic entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16228888?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.atitle=Importance+of+Hydrilla+verticillata+%28Hydrocharitaceae%29+as+habitat+for+immature+mosquitoes+at+the+Ross+River+Reservoir%2C+Australia&rft.au=Hearnden%2C+M+N%3BKay%2C+B+H&rft.aulast=Hearnden&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=164&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.issn=8756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The population dynamics of annual plants and soil-borne fungal pathogens AN - 16106133; 4204841 AB - Soil-borne fungi are a major group of economically important plant pathogens, yet they have rarely been studied in the context of host-pathogen population biology. We develop general models of annual hosts and soil-borne fungal pathogens to explore the conditions for host-pathogen coexistence in both agricultural and natural plant populations. We use empirical data from the literature to parameterize and simulate dynamics with these models. Initially we consider a simple system in which host density is assumed to be constant, as would be appropriate for agricultural systems. Model analysis shows that initial increase of the pathogen population requires that host (crop) density be above a threshold; this threshold decreases with increases in the pathogen's over-winter survival rate and ability to grow saprophytically. A more complex model, in which both host and pathogen populations can vary, is needed for natural populations. Results from this model show that stable coexistence is possible even when the pathogen has a positive intrinsic growth rate (and therefore it is also possible for the pathogen to persist in the complete absence of the host). Model parameter estimates were obtained from the empirical literature for two common and important soil pathogens: Phytophthora spp. and Fusarium oxysporum; these pathogens differ in several life-history features. Computer simulation showed that for Fusarium, there were substantial ranges for which coexistence or loss of the pathogen were predicted, while for Phytophthora most parameter estimates resulted in complete extinction when linear disease transmission was assumed; under the assumption of exponential disease transmission, predicted dynamics were most likely to lead to host persistence. For both pathogens, within biologically realistic regions of parameter space, small changes in parameter values could lead to qualitatively different outcomes, including deterministic chaos, suggesting that long-term dynamics may be difficult to predict. JF - Journal of Ecology AU - Thrall, PH AU - Bever, J D AU - Mihail, J D AU - Alexander, H M AD - CSIRO-Div. Plant Ind., GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 313 EP - 328 VL - 85 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0477, 0022-0477 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - Fusarium KW - soil-borne diseases KW - pathogens KW - models KW - plant diseases KW - Phytophthora KW - population dynamics KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16106133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ecology&rft.atitle=The+population+dynamics+of+annual+plants+and+soil-borne+fungal+pathogens&rft.au=Thrall%2C+PH%3BBever%2C+J+D%3BMihail%2C+J+D%3BAlexander%2C+H+M&rft.aulast=Thrall&rft.aufirst=PH&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Ecology&rft.issn=00220477&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium; Phytophthora; models; population dynamics; pathogens; soil-borne diseases; plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and characterization of hepatic glutathione transferases from an insectivorous marsupial, the brown antechinus (Antechinus stuartii) AN - 16100571; 4205926 AB - Five unique glutathione transferase isoenzymes were purified from the hepatic cytosol of an insectivorous marsupial, the brown antechinus. The purified GSTs were characterized by structural and catalytic properties including apparent molecular weight and isoelectric point, specificity towards model substrates, kinetic parameters, sensitivity to inhibitors and cross-reactivity with antisera raised against human GSTs. An alpha class GST, Antechinus GST 1-1, predominated in the hepatic cytosol, representing 71% of the total GST purified. The substrate specificity of Antechinus GST 1-1 was similar to that of other alpha class GSTs, particularly with respect to its high activity with cumene hydroperoxide. The mu class was represented by three GST isoenzymes, Antechinus GST 3-3, GST 3-4 and GST 4-4. These isoenzymes represented 8, 2 and 10% of the total GST purified respectively. A single GST, Antechinus GST 22, belonged to the pi class of GSTs and represented 12% of the total GST purified. The hepatic GST isoenzyme ratio (by class) observed in the brown antechinus was more similar to that observed in the human than in rat. A previous study investigating a herbivorous marsupial, the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) also identified a predominant hepatic GST belonging to the alpha class and displaying peroxidase activity. The evolutionary conservation of a similar predominant GST isoenzyme in these marsupials suggests that they play an important role in the detoxication metabolism of these unique mammals. JF - Xenobiotica AU - Bolton, R M AU - Ahokas, J T AD - Key Centre for Applied and Nutritional Toxicology, RMIT-University, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 573 EP - 586 VL - 27 IS - 6 SN - 0049-8254, 0049-8254 KW - isozymes KW - Glutathione transferase KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Detoxification KW - liver KW - Antechinus stuartii KW - xenobiotics KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16100571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xenobiotica&rft.atitle=Purification+and+characterization+of+hepatic+glutathione+transferases+from+an+insectivorous+marsupial%2C+the+brown+antechinus+%28Antechinus+stuartii%29&rft.au=Bolton%2C+R+M%3BAhokas%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Bolton&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=573&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Xenobiotica&rft.issn=00498254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Antechinus stuartii; liver; Detoxification; xenobiotics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Poisson vs normal-errors regression in Mac Nally (1996) AN - 16079160; 4110053 AB - Mac Nally (1996), in describing the application of 'hierarchical partitioning' in regression modelling of species richness of breeding passerine birds with response variable the species count, rejects the use of Poisson regression in favour of normal-errors regression on an incorrect basis. Mac Nally uses a function of the residual sum of squares, the root-mean square prediction error (RMSPE), calculated from predictions from each regression and rejects the Poisson regression because its RMSPE was 20% larger. This note points out that the RMSPE will always be larger for the Poisson regression, given the same link function and linear predictor is used, even if the response is truly Poisson. References to appropriate methods of determining the most suitable response distribution and link function in the context of generalized linear models are given. JF - Australian journal of ecology. Oxford AU - Candy, S G AD - Forest. Tasmania, GPO Box 207B Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 233 EP - 235 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0307-692X, 0307-692X KW - Perching birds KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - species richness KW - breeding status KW - Passeriformes KW - D 04671:Birds KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16079160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+journal+of+ecology.+Oxford&rft.atitle=Poisson+vs+normal-errors+regression+in+Mac+Nally+%281996%29&rft.au=Candy%2C+S+G&rft.aulast=Candy&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+journal+of+ecology.+Oxford&rft.issn=0307692X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Passeriformes; breeding status; species richness; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Down-regulation of an established immune response via chemical carcinogen or UVB-altered skin AN - 16073357; 4111858 AB - The ability to produce antigen-specific down-regulation of an established immune response was investigated in 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB)-immune mice by delivery of antigen through chemical carcinogen- or ultraviolet B (UVB)-treated skin. When TNCB-immune mice were treated on the dorsal trunk skin with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) followed by TNCB there was an antigen-specific reduction in both contact sensitivity and antibody production. Further, immune mice that received spleen cells from naive syngeneic donors treated with DMBA followed by TNCB also exhibited a reduction in both contact sensitivity and antibody production. In contrast, mice treated with UVB irradiation followed by TNCB had a reduction in contact sensitivity but not antibody production. These results provide evidence that an ongoing immune response can be manipulated by immunization through a modified skin immune system. This may provide a beneficial approach for the treatment of autoimmune disease. JF - Immunology and Cell Biology AU - Chen, Yi-Peng AU - Woods, G M AU - Dandie, G W AU - Muller, H K AD - Division of Pathology, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-29, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 238 EP - 244 VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0818-9641, 0818-9641 KW - dimethylbenzanthracene KW - trinitrochlorobenzene KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - immunosuppression KW - skin KW - Langerhans cells KW - carcinogens KW - U.V. radiation KW - contact dermatitis KW - F 06849:Delayed type KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials KW - X 24154:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16073357?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Immunology+and+Cell+Biology&rft.atitle=Down-regulation+of+an+established+immune+response+via+chemical+carcinogen+or+UVB-altered+skin&rft.au=Chen%2C+Yi-Peng%3BWoods%2C+G+M%3BDandie%2C+G+W%3BMuller%2C+H+K&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Yi-Peng&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=238&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Immunology+and+Cell+Biology&rft.issn=08189641&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - U.V. radiation; carcinogens; skin; Langerhans cells; contact dermatitis; immunosuppression ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Project Aquarius 7. Physiological and subjective responses of men suppressing wildland fires AN - 16064336; 4106124 AB - The responses of four crews of 7-8 men were measured while they attempted to suppress well-developed experimental bushfires of intensities commonly faced by hand-tool crews, and also while they built fireline in the same way without fire, during three summers in dry eucalypt forests of SW and SE Australia. Average values were sweat rate 1,144 g h super(-1), heart rate (HR) 152 beats min super(-1), and rectal temperature (Tre) 38.2 degree C. Changes in the average temperatures of clothed and unclothed skin were negligible, indicating efficient evaporation of sweat. Firefighters considered the work 'somewhat hard', and felt 'just too warm' and 'wet' with sweat. By contrast, the responses of the scientific observers, doing less strenuous work in the same environment, were minimal: sweat rate 292 g h super(-1), HR 80 beats min super(-1), and Tre 37.6 degree C. Firefighters' responses were mainly due to exertion rather than fire, confirming an identical finding from measurements of their energy expenditure and thermal environment. Differences between attacks with and without fire were small in both groups (HR 8-9 beats min super(-1), Tre 0.1-0.2 degree C) except for sweat rate (firefighters 401 g h super(-1), observers 181 g h super(-1)), and were usually present before the attacks began. All responses were highly consistent over the four crews, three summers, and two regions. The above findings show that the firefighters worked within their capacity and paced themselves to sustain their own preferred equilibrium levels of strain. They also demonstrate the effectiveness of the firefighters' clothing and work practices. JF - International Journal of Wildland Fire AU - Budd, G M AU - Brotherhood, J R AU - Hendrie, AL AU - Jeffery, SE AU - Beasley, F A AU - Costin, B P AU - Wu, Zhien AU - Baker, M M AU - Cheney, N P AU - Dawson, M P AD - Natl. Inst. Occup. Health and Safety (Worksafe Australia), GPO Box 58, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 133 EP - 144 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 1049-8001, 1049-8001 KW - firefighter services KW - wildfire KW - heat tolerance KW - heart rate KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - physiology KW - protective clothing KW - occupational health KW - working conditions KW - H 7000:Fire Safety KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16064336?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.atitle=Project+Aquarius+7.+Physiological+and+subjective+responses+of+men+suppressing+wildland+fires&rft.au=Budd%2C+G+M%3BBrotherhood%2C+J+R%3BHendrie%2C+AL%3BJeffery%2C+SE%3BBeasley%2C+F+A%3BCostin%2C+B+P%3BWu%2C+Zhien%3BBaker%2C+M+M%3BCheney%2C+N+P%3BDawson%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Budd&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.issn=10498001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - working conditions; occupational health; physiology; protective clothing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Project Aquarius 2. Limitations of maximum oxygen uptake for predicting the strains of building fireline with a rakehoe AN - 16061891; 4106122 AB - In three-stage graded work tests we compared men's responses to laboratory step tests with their responses to building fireline with a rakehoe (McLeod tool) in dry eucalypt forest. The subjects were experienced firefighters and the scientific observers (novices at raking fireline) who carried out the investigation. At the average energy expenditure of raking fireline in bushfire suppression (655 W, oxygen uptake 1.9 l min super(-1)) the firefighters' heart rate (HR), pulmonary ventilation (V super(.) sub(E)), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were higher in raking than in stepping by 18 beats min super(-1), 13 l min sub(-1) and 0.5 units RPE respectively. At higher work rates the average difference in the response to raking and stepping decreased for HR (the opposite response to that found in laboratory studies of arm work), increased for V super(.) sub(E), and did not change for RPE. Contrary to the usual finding for arm work, the firefighters' average maximal oxygen uptake (V super(.)O sub(2max)) was the same for raking and stepping, although the observers' raking V super(.)O sub(2max) was 10% (P<0.01) less than their stepping V super(.)O sub(2max). These findings imply that firefighters rake mainly with their arms and upper body at normal work rates, but recruit additional trunk and leg muscles at higher work rates to achieve a 'whole-body' V super(.)O sub(2max) - which is greater than could be achieved with the arm work of normal raking and would thus lead to underestimates of strain and fatigue. Seventeen (50%) of the firefighters, but only one (8%) of the observers, had greater V super(.)O sub(2max) for raking than for stepping, suggesting that regular practice with hand tools had enhanced the firefighters' raking performance through local muscle training and improved technique. JF - International Journal of Wildland Fire AU - Brotherhood, J R AU - Budd, G M AU - Hendrie, AL AU - Jeffery, SE AU - Beasley, F A AU - Costin, B P AU - Wu, Zhien AU - Baker, M M AU - Cheney, N P AU - Dawson, M P AD - Natl. Inst. Occup. Health and Safety (Worksafe Australia), GPO Box 58, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 77 EP - 85 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 1049-8001, 1049-8001 KW - heat tolerance KW - firefighter services KW - wildfire KW - heart rate KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - working conditions KW - occupational health KW - H 7000:Fire Safety KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16061891?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.atitle=Project+Aquarius+2.+Limitations+of+maximum+oxygen+uptake+for+predicting+the+strains+of+building+fireline+with+a+rakehoe&rft.au=Brotherhood%2C+J+R%3BBudd%2C+G+M%3BHendrie%2C+AL%3BJeffery%2C+SE%3BBeasley%2C+F+A%3BCostin%2C+B+P%3BWu%2C+Zhien%3BBaker%2C+M+M%3BCheney%2C+N+P%3BDawson%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Brotherhood&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.issn=10498001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - occupational health; working conditions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Project Aquarius 13. The thermal burden of high insulation and encapsulation in wildland firefighters' clothing AN - 16061839; 4106121 AB - Light, heavy, and encapsulating clothing were compared in a climatic chamber during 60 minutes of moderate exercise (energy expenditure 382-464 W) in warm, dry conditions with no added radiant heat (air and mean radiant temperature 30 degree C, relative humidity 33%, air velocity 0.5 m s super(-1)). The results showed that high insulation and reduced ventilation restricted the evaporation of sweat and thus hindered the dissipation of metabolic heat. These adverse effects were apparent in (1) a reduced cooling efficiency of sweat and hence a higher sweat rate; (2) increased heat storage, cardiovascular strain, discomfort, and fatigue; and (3) a failure to attain thermal equilibrium even after 60 minutes of work. Comparison with the effects of fire, previously reported, on lightly dressed firefighters showed that the above penalties would outweigh any benefit that extra insulation or encapsulation could confer during wildland fire suppression with hand tools. JF - International Journal of Wildland Fire AU - Budd, G M AU - Brotherhood, J R AU - Hendrie, AL AU - Jeffery, SE AU - Beasley, F A AU - Costin, B P AU - Wu, Zhien AU - Baker, M M AU - Hoschke, B N AU - Holcombe, B V AU - Cheney, N P AU - Dawson, M P AD - Natl. Inst. Occup. Health and Safety (Worksafe Australia), GPO Box 58, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 207 EP - 218 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 1049-8001, 1049-8001 KW - wildfire KW - insulation KW - firefighter services KW - fatigue KW - heat tolerance KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - protective clothing KW - occupational health KW - working conditions KW - H 7000:Fire Safety KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16061839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.atitle=Project+Aquarius+13.+The+thermal+burden+of+high+insulation+and+encapsulation+in+wildland+firefighters%27+clothing&rft.au=Budd%2C+G+M%3BBrotherhood%2C+J+R%3BHendrie%2C+AL%3BJeffery%2C+SE%3BBeasley%2C+F+A%3BCostin%2C+B+P%3BWu%2C+Zhien%3BBaker%2C+M+M%3BHoschke%2C+B+N%3BHolcombe%2C+B+V%3BCheney%2C+N+P%3BDawson%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Budd&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.issn=10498001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - protective clothing; working conditions; occupational health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated barley transformation AN - 16019380; 4093401 AB - Genetically transformed barley was produced by cocultivating immature embryo explants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying a binary vector coding for chimaeric bacterial genes, bar and gus, and selecting for bialaphos-resistant cultures from which plants were regenerated. Integration of both genes was confirmed by gel blot hybridization analysis of DNA from the transformed plants and their progenies. From 1282 embryos, plants were recovered for 54 independently transformed lines, giving a transformation efficiency of 4.2%. Transgene numbers in the different lines ranged from single copy insertion to at least ten copies. Sixteen out of 18 plants grown to maturity were fully fertile. Both marker genes, bar and gus, were expressed and co-segregated in the T sub(1) progeny plants. In the majority of cases, the genes showed Mendelian segregation predicted for transgene insertion at a single locus. In one family with multiple transgene insertions, molecular analysis of T sub(1) and T sub(2) plants suggested that the T-DNA had inserted at two unlinked loci. JF - Plant Journal AU - Tingay, S AU - McElroy, D AU - Kalla, R AU - Fieg, S AU - Wang, Mingbo AU - Thornton, S AU - Brettell, R AD - CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 1369 EP - 1376 VL - 11 IS - 6 SN - 0960-7412, 0960-7412 KW - transgenic plants KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Agrobacterium tumefaciens KW - Hordeum vulgare KW - gene transfer KW - transformation KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - N 14674:Transformation KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16019380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Journal&rft.atitle=Agrobacterium+tumefaciens-mediated+barley+transformation&rft.au=Tingay%2C+S%3BMcElroy%2C+D%3BKalla%2C+R%3BFieg%2C+S%3BWang%2C+Mingbo%3BThornton%2C+S%3BBrettell%2C+R&rft.aulast=Tingay&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Journal&rft.issn=09607412&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gene transfer; transgenic plants; transformation; Hordeum vulgare; Agrobacterium tumefaciens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modelling the growth rate of Escherichia coli as a function of pH and lactic acid concentration AN - 16017835; 4086900 AB - The growth rate responses of Escherichia coli M23 (a nonpathogenic strain) to suboptimal pH and lactic acid concentration were determined. Growth rates were measured turbidimetrically at 20 degree C in the range of pH 2.71 to 8.45. The total concentration of lactic acid was fixed at specific values, and the pH was varied by the addition of a strong acid (hydrochloric) or base (sodium hydroxide) to enable the determination of undissociated and dissociated lactic acid concentrations under each condition. In the absence of lactic acid, E. coli grew at pH 4.0 but not at pH 3.7 and was unable to grow in the presence of greater than or equal to 8.32 mM undissociated lactic acid. Growth rate was linearly related to hydrogen ion concentration in the absence of lactic acid. In the range 0 to 100 mM lactic acid, growth rate was also linearly related to undissociated lactic acid concentration. A mathematical model to describe these observations was developed based on a Belehradek-like model for the effects of water activity and temperature. This model was expanded to describe the effects of pH and lactic acid by the inclusion of novel terms for the inhibition due to the presence of hydrogen ions, undissociated lactic acid, and dissociated lactic acid species. Preliminary data obtained for 200 and 500 mM total lactic acid concentrations show that the response to very high lactic acid concentrations was less well described by the model. However, for 0 to 100 mM lactic acid, the model described well the qualitative and quantitative features of the response. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Presser, KA AU - Ratkowsky, DA AU - Ross, T AD - Dep. Agric. Sci., Univ. Tasmania, G.P.O. Box 252-54, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 2355 EP - 2360 VL - 63 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - growth rate KW - lactic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Escherichia coli KW - pH KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16017835?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Modelling+the+growth+rate+of+Escherichia+coli+as+a+function+of+pH+and+lactic+acid+concentration&rft.au=Presser%2C+KA%3BRatkowsky%2C+DA%3BRoss%2C+T&rft.aulast=Presser&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; pH ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Home range size, habitat utilisation and movement patterns of suburban and farm cats Felis catus AN - 16014436; 4081159 AB - The movements of 10 house cats (4 desexed females, 5 desexed males and 1 intact male) living on the edge of a suburb adjoining grassland and forest/woodland habitat, and a neighbouring colony of seven farm cats, were examined using radio-telemetry over nine months. Nocturnal home range areas of the suburban cats varied between 0.02 and 27.93 ha (mean 7.89 ha), and were larger than diurnal home range areas (range 0.02 to 17.19 ha - mean 2.73 ha). Nocturnal home range areas of cats from the farm cat colony varied between 1.38 and 4.46 ha (mean 2.54 ha), and were also larger than diurnal home range areas (range 0.77 to 3.70 ha - mean 1.70 ha). Home ranges of cats in the farm cat colony overlapped extensively, as did those of cats living at the same suburban residence. There was no overlap of home ranges of female cats from different residences, and little overlap between males and females from different residences. Four of the suburban house cats moved between 390 m and 900 m into habitat adjoining the suburb. Polygons describing the home ranges of these animals were strongly spatially biased away from the suburban environment, though the cats spent the majority of their time within the bounds of the suburb. Movements further than 100-200 m beyond the suburb edge were always made at night. There is evidence that home range sizes and spatial movement patterns of house cats are largely determined by: a) the density and spatial distribution of cats utilising separate food resources, b) the personality and social dominance of individual cats, c) the location of favoured hunting and resting/sunning sites, and, d) barriers such as busy roads. JF - Ecography AU - Barratt, D G AD - Forest Biodiversity Directorate, Australian Nature Conservation Agency, GPO Box 636, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 271 EP - 280 VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0906-7590, 0906-7590 KW - Australia KW - radio-tagging KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Felis catus KW - home range KW - sex differences KW - movements KW - habitat utilization KW - Y 25387:Mammals (excluding primates) KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16014436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecography&rft.atitle=Home+range+size%2C+habitat+utilisation+and+movement+patterns+of+suburban+and+farm+cats+Felis+catus&rft.au=Barratt%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Barratt&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecography&rft.issn=09067590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Felis catus; habitat utilization; home range; movements; sex differences ER - TY - JOUR T1 - GIS supports coastal risk assessment AN - 16003576; 4077842 AB - Many researchers have applied GIS to water-related issues for planning, mapping and modeling. Applying GIS to hazard assessment and risk mapping along coastal areas, particularly barrier islands, benefits communities by providing a basis for zoning, land-use planning and resource allocation for post-storm property reconstruction and pre-storm damage mitigation plans. GIS is useful in mapping and assessing storm damage as well as evaluating the efficacy of prior attempts to protect and preserve coastal resources so successful attempts may be continued and unsuccessful attempts abandoned. JF - GIS World AU - Hickey, R J AU - Bush, D M AU - Boulay, R S AD - Sch. Surveying and Land Information, Curtin Univ. Technol., GPO Box 1987, Perth, WA 6001, Australia Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 54 EP - 58 VL - 10 IS - 6 SN - 0897-5507, 0897-5507 KW - barrier islands KW - coastal zone KW - coastal zone management KW - geographic information systems KW - geographical reference systems KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - regional planning KW - mapping KW - storms KW - land use KW - R2 23030:Natural hazards KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - H SE6.24:STORMS KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control KW - Q2 09124:Coastal zone management KW - Q2 09385:Hydrographic survey and cartography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16003576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GIS+World&rft.atitle=GIS+supports+coastal+risk+assessment&rft.au=Hickey%2C+R+J%3BBush%2C+D+M%3BBoulay%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Hickey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=54&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=GIS+World&rft.issn=08975507&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - coastal zone; barrier islands; coastal zone management; regional planning; mapping; storms; geographical reference systems; land use; geographic information systems ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro interference with hepatocellular uptake of bile acids by xylene AN - 15999499; 4080044 AB - Occupational exposure to a mixture of two widely used aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, xylene and toluene, has been associated with a significant rise in the concentrations of serum bile acids (SBA). We have recently shown that toluene interferes with the transport of bile acids by hepatocytes and this could explain elevated SBA after occupational exposure or following in vivo administration of this compound to experimental animals. However, it is not known if xylene, like its monomethylated homologue, toluene, could interfere with the processes of bile acid transport by hepatocytes. Therefore, the present studies were undertaken to examine this possibility. Direct addition of a non-cytotoxic dose (2.5 mu l/2.8 x 10 super(6) cells) of xylene (in vapour phase) to hepatocytes isolated from untreated rats significantly inhibited the initial rates (determined from slope of the lines in the linear range (20-80 s)) of uptake (V sub(0)) of 10 mu M cholic acid (CA) and-taurocholic acid (TC) by 37 and 48%, respectively (P < 0.05). Similarly, accumulation of these substrates by hepatocytes over an extended incubation time up to 30 min was significantly inhibited to the same extent by xylene exposure. This inhibitory effect was found to be reversible when sufficient time was allowed for the cells to recover. In contrast, the initial rates (V sub(0)) of efflux (determined from slope of the lines in the linear range (1-5 min)) of these bile acids (25 mu M) and their continuous efflux (up to 30 min) from preloaded cells incubated with a similar dose of xylene were not (except for the 1 min time point) significantly different from those of controls. In conclusion, xylene interferes with the transport of bile acids by hepatocytes in a manner largely similar to that of its monomethylated homologue, toluene. These findings extend our previous observations on aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents and provide mechanistic data at a cellular level to support a causal role for xylene (as well as toluene) in raised SBA levels of exposed individuals. JF - Toxicology AU - Neghab, M AU - Stacey, N H AD - Worksafe Australia, G.P.O. Box 58, Sydney, SNW 2001, Australia Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 1 EP - 10 VL - 120 IS - 1 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - rats KW - in vitro KW - xylene KW - cholic acid KW - taurocholic acid KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - bile KW - hepatocytes KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15999499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+interference+with+hepatocellular+uptake+of+bile+acids+by+xylene&rft.au=Neghab%2C+M%3BStacey%2C+N+H&rft.aulast=Neghab&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bile; hepatocytes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid detection of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal from stool specimens by PCR AN - 15994416; 4074154 AB - In a previous study using pure bacterial cultures in a PCR assay, a primer pair corresponding to a unique chromosomal region of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal generated an amplicon from only V. cholerae O139 Bengal. PCR with the same primer pair was used to screen 180 diarrheal stool specimens. All the 67 V. cholerae O139 culture-positive stool specimens were positive by PCR, and the remaining specimens, which contained either other recognized enteric pathogens or no pathogens, were all negative by PCR. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Albert, MJ AU - Islam, D AU - Nahar, S AU - Qadri, F AU - Falklind, S AU - Weintraub, A AD - Lab. Sci. Div., ICDDR,B, G.P.O. Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 1633 EP - 1635 VL - 35 IS - 6 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - cholera KW - Vibrio cholerae KW - DNA KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - feces KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15994416?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Rapid+detection+of+Vibrio+cholerae+O139+Bengal+from+stool+specimens+by+PCR&rft.au=Albert%2C+MJ%3BIslam%2C+D%3BNahar%2C+S%3BQadri%2C+F%3BFalklind%2C+S%3BWeintraub%2C+A&rft.aulast=Albert&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1633&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vibrio cholerae; DNA; polymerase chain reaction; feces; cholera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Role of Particulate Size and Chemistry in the Association Between Summertime Ambient Air Pollution and Hospitalization for Cardiorespiratory Diseases AN - 14456020; 10538507 AB - Summer levels of particulates; aerosols, including acidity and sulfates; and gaseous pollutants including ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide were monitored in Toronto for three years. The results were compared to hospital admissions for cardiac or respiratory disorders. A positive correlation between haze, and indicator of particulates, and admissions for both types of disorders was found. When adjustments were made for the presence of the gaseous pollutants, the association between particle parameters was lost, except for that of the coefficient of haze. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Burnett, Richard T AU - Cakmak, Sabit AU - Brook, Jeffrey R AU - Krewski, Daniel Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 614 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - NITROGEN DIOXIDE KW - CARBON MONOXIDE KW - RESPIRATORY DISORDERS KW - PUBLIC HEALTH KW - AEROSOLS KW - CANADA KW - ACIDITY KW - SULFUR DIOXIDE KW - PARTICULATES KW - SULFATES KW - OZONE KW - CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14456020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Particulate+Size+and+Chemistry+in+the+Association+Between+Summertime+Ambient+Air+Pollution+and+Hospitalization+for+Cardiorespiratory+Diseases&rft.au=Burnett%2C+Richard+T%3BCakmak%2C+Sabit%3BBrook%2C+Jeffrey+R%3BKrewski%2C+Daniel&rft.aulast=Burnett&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=614&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 20 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - SULFUR DIOXIDE; AEROSOLS; NITROGEN DIOXIDE; CANADA; ACIDITY; PUBLIC HEALTH; RESPIRATORY DISORDERS; CARBON MONOXIDE; OZONE; SULFATES; PARTICULATES; CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Relationship Between Selected Causes of Postneonatal Infant Mortality and Particulate Air Pollution in the United States AN - 14455976; 10538506 AB - Postneonatal mortality in relation to particulate air pollution was investigated using a cohort of 4 million infants born between 1989 and 1991. Death records were linked to particulate matter measurements of 10m (PM sub(10)) or below as measured by the EPA Aerometric Database. Infants with low, medium, or high exposure to PM sub(10) had mortality rates of 3.1, 3.5, and 3.7 per 1000 births, respectively. The odds ratio for the high exposure group compared to the low exposure group was 1.10. An association between death from respiratory causes and high PM sub(10) exposure was found for normal birth weight infants, but the association was not significant for those with low birth weights. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Woodruff, Tracey J AU - Grillo, Jeanne AU - Schoendorf, Kenneth C Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 608 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - POPULATION SAMPLING KW - AIR POLLUTION KW - PUBLIC HEALTH KW - RESPIRATORY DISORDERS KW - PARTICULATES KW - PATHOLOGY, CHILDREN KW - UNITED STATES KW - MORTALITY PATTERNS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14455976?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+Relationship+Between+Selected+Causes+of+Postneonatal+Infant+Mortality+and+Particulate+Air+Pollution+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Woodruff%2C+Tracey+J%3BGrillo%2C+Jeanne%3BSchoendorf%2C+Kenneth+C&rft.aulast=Woodruff&rft.aufirst=Tracey&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=608&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 3 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - POPULATION SAMPLING; AIR POLLUTION; UNITED STATES; PATHOLOGY, CHILDREN; RESPIRATORY DISORDERS; PUBLIC HEALTH; MORTALITY PATTERNS; PARTICULATES ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Springtime Peaks of Trace Metals in Antarctic Snow AN - 14453979; 10538509 AB - Samples of drifting snow were collected at Asuka, East Antarctica, during the spring of 1991 and analyzed for the presence of 36 trace metals. Most elements and sulfate from sources other than sea salt reached a maximum in late September. Marine origins were probable for sodium magnesium, calcium, potassium, and strontium. Crustal origins were probable for aluminum, iron, manganese, rubidium, chromium, nickel, gallium, vanadium, and rare earth elements. The origin of lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, and selenium could have been from eruption of two volcanoes. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Ikegawa, Masaya AU - Kimura, Mieko AU - Honda, Kazuto AU - Makita, Kazuo AU - Fujii, Yoshiyuki AU - Itokawa, Yoshinori Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 654 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - METAL CONCENTRATIONS KW - SNOW CHEMISTRY KW - SOURCE MEASUREMENT KW - TRACE ELEMENTS KW - SULFATES KW - ANTARCTICA KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14453979?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Springtime+Peaks+of+Trace+Metals+in+Antarctic+Snow&rft.au=Ikegawa%2C+Masaya%3BKimura%2C+Mieko%3BHonda%2C+Kazuto%3BMakita%2C+Kazuo%3BFujii%2C+Yoshiyuki%3BItokawa%2C+Yoshinori&rft.aulast=Ikegawa&rft.aufirst=Masaya&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=654&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 2 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ANTARCTICA; METAL CONCENTRATIONS; SNOW CHEMISTRY; SOURCE MEASUREMENT; TRACE ELEMENTS; SULFATES ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methylsulfonyl Metabolites of PCBs and DDE in Human Tissues AN - 14453946; 10538508 AB - At autopsy, adipose and liver tissue was obtained from seven people for determinations of the methylsulfonyl analogs of PCBs and DDE. Samples contained 20 methylsulfonyl analogs of 20 PCB congeners. Two methylsulfonyl analogs of DDE were found. Liver contained more 3-methylsulfonyl chlorinated biphenyls than 4-methylsulfonyl chlorinated biphenyls. The opposite was true of adipose tissue. The ratio of methylsulfonyl chlorinated biphenyls to total chlorinated biphenyls in liver and adipose tissue was one to 28 and was one to 250, respectively. For all but one subject, the amount of 3-methylsulfonyl DDE was higher in both types of tissue. The ratio of methylsulfonyl DDE to total DDE in liver and adipose tissue was one to 61 and one to 455, respectively. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Weistrand, Cecilia AU - Noren, Koidu Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 644 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS KW - SWEDEN KW - DDE KW - LIVER KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14453946?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Methylsulfonyl+Metabolites+of+PCBs+and+DDE+in+Human+Tissues&rft.au=Weistrand%2C+Cecilia%3BNoren%2C+Koidu&rft.aulast=Weistrand&rft.aufirst=Cecilia&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=644&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 7 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; SWEDEN; DDE; LIVER; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Butyltins in Marine and Freshwater Sediments of Poland AN - 1439220151; 18618719 AB - Abstract not Available JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Szpunar, J AU - Falandysz, J AU - Schmitt, VO AU - Obrbska, E AD - Laboratoire de Photophysique et Photochimie Moleculaire, CNRS URA 348, Universitte Bordeaux I, 351 Crs de la Liberation, 33 405 Talence, France, FR Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 859 EP - 864 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 58 IS - 6 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Contamination KW - Freshwater environments KW - Inland water environment KW - Sediments KW - Butyltin KW - Poland KW - Toxicology KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - X 24360:Metals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1439220151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Butyltins+in+Marine+and+Freshwater+Sediments+of+Poland&rft.au=Szpunar%2C+J%3BFalandysz%2C+J%3BSchmitt%2C+VO%3BObrbska%2C+E&rft.aulast=Szpunar&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=859&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs001289900413 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Inland water environment; Toxicology; Sediments; Freshwater environments; Butyltin; Contamination; Poland DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900413 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of fungi associated with stem cankers of eucalypts in Tasmania, Australia AN - 1020858135; 16786312 AB - A survey of stem fungi and associated canker diseases in eucalypts in natural forest and plantations was conducted in Tasmania. A total of 209 samples representing 29 fungal species was obtained. Thirteen of the fungal species detailed in this survey have not been described or previously reported in Australia. The three species most frequently encountered were Endothia gyrosa, Cytospora eucalypticola and Valsa sp., constituting 23.9%, 20.6% and 12.9%, respectively, of the 209 collections. They were ubiquitous, with each species found on more than ten eucalypt species. Fungal species with low incidence but associated with severe cankers were Harknessia cf. eucalypti, Phoma sp., Seiridium eucalypti and Zythiostroma sp. JF - Australasian Plant Pathology AU - Yuan, Zi-Qing AU - Mohammed, C AD - Department of Agricultural Science, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-54, 7001, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 78 EP - 84 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0156-0972, 0156-0972 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Environment Abstracts KW - Canker KW - Forests KW - Fungi KW - Pathology KW - Plantations KW - Stem canker KW - Endothia gyrosa KW - Phoma KW - Seiridium KW - Cytospora KW - A 01360:Plant Diseases KW - ENA 21:Wildlife KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1020858135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australasian+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+fungi+associated+with+stem+cankers+of+eucalypts+in+Tasmania%2C+Australia&rft.au=Yuan%2C+Zi-Qing%3BMohammed%2C+C&rft.aulast=Yuan&rft.aufirst=Zi-Qing&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=78&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australasian+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=01560972&rft_id=info:doi/10.1071%2FAP97013 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-01-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Canker; Fungi; Forests; Stem canker; Plantations; Pathology; Phoma; Endothia gyrosa; Seiridium; Cytospora DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/AP97013 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of mango scab caused by Elsinoee mangiferae in Australia AN - 1020840275; 16786320 AB - Elsinoee mangiferae, the cause of mango scab, was identified for the first time in Australia in January 1997 as a result of intense investigation into severe scamng and distortion of mangoes in the Darwin rural area of the Northern Territory. Spotting and scarring of mango fruit had been observed in the Northern Territory since about 1990 and was commonly believed by growers to be due to a form of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. JF - Australasian Plant Pathology AU - Conde, B D AU - Pitkethley, R N AU - Smith, ESC AU - Kulkarni, V J AU - Thiagalingam, K AU - Ulyatt, LI AU - Connelly, MI AU - Hamilton, DA AD - Northern Territory Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, GPO Box 990, 0801, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 131 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0156-0972, 0156-0972 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Fruits KW - Colletotrichum gloeosporioides KW - Elsinoee KW - Mangifera indica KW - Territory KW - Scab KW - Anthracnose KW - A 01360:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1020840275?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australasian+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+mango+scab+caused+by+Elsinoee+mangiferae+in+Australia&rft.au=Conde%2C+B+D%3BPitkethley%2C+R+N%3BSmith%2C+ESC%3BKulkarni%2C+V+J%3BThiagalingam%2C+K%3BUlyatt%2C+LI%3BConnelly%2C+MI%3BHamilton%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Conde&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australasian+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=01560972&rft_id=info:doi/10.1071%2FAP97021 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fruits; Territory; Anthracnose; Scab; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; Mangifera indica; Elsinoee DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/AP97021 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Innovative Workforce Development Initiatives. Hearing on an Examination of Innovative Strategies Pertaining to Vocational Education, Adult Education, and Job Training, of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session (Randolph, Vermont). AN - 62497886; ED411422 AB - This congressional hearing examines vocational education, adult education, and job training initiatives in Vermont and the role of these programs in developing work force development legislation. Testimony includes statements from a U.S. Senator and individuals representing the following: Vermont Department of Employment and Training; Vermont State Colleges; Vermont Department of Social Welfare; Agency of Commercial and Community Development; Burlington Technical Center; Career and Lifelong Learning, Vermont Department of Education; Lyndon State College; Vermont Adult Education Board; Executive Team of Central Vermont Adult Basic Education; Welfare to Work Programs, Vermont Department of Social Welfare; Mahoney Hardware; Vermont Science and Education Center; Vermont Heating and Ventilating; Vermont Technical College; Champlain Initiative; Governor's Rehabilitation Advisory Council; School-to-Work, Randolph region; Rutland Economic Development Corporation, Rutland Regional Educational Alliance; School-to-Work, Upper Valley; River Bend Career and Technical Center; Bradford Area Workforce Investment Board; Northern New England Tradeswomen; and Northland Job Corps Center. Other statements are from students, apprentices, and instructors from the Northland Job Corps, Essex Technical Center, and Burlington Technical Center. (YLB) Y1 - 1997/05/19/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 May 19 SP - 78 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160552532 KW - Congress 105th KW - Vermont KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - State Programs KW - Educational Legislation KW - Student Certification KW - Job Training KW - Educational Certificates KW - Federal Legislation KW - Federal Programs KW - Educational Change KW - Statewide Planning KW - Hearings KW - Educational Innovation KW - Standards KW - Vocational Education KW - Labor Force Development KW - Adult Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62497886?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Management of the Student Aid Delivery System. Hearing on Examining Proposed Legislation Authorizing Funds for Programs of the Higher Education Act, Focusing on Student Aid Delivery Systems, of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session. AN - 62517824; ED411757 AB - This seventh hearing in a series related to the reauthorization of the Higher Education Act focused on the management structure of the Office of Postsecondary Education and the financial aid delivery system. In the opening statement, Chairman James M. Jeffords reported that the current system is outdated and inefficient and indicated that the committee was considering proposals for change that ranged from a performance-based system to privatizing student aid delivery. Testimony was given by David A. Longanecker and Betsy Hicks of the Department of Education who noted progress made in managing student financial aid programs and addressed changes still to come. Other witnesses included Brian Fitzgerald of the Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance (Washington, D.C.); Cornelia M. Blanchette of the U.S. General Accounting Office; Judith Flink, University of Illinois; Barmak Nassirian, American Association of State Colleges and Universities (Washington, D.C.); and Barbara Tornow, Boston University (Massachusetts) who all testified on the inadequacy of the present financial aid delivery system and its management structure. The document also contains transcripts of oral discussions and prepared statements by Senators John Warner (Virginia) and Christopher Dodd (Connecticut). (CH) Y1 - 1997/05/15/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 May 15 SP - 80 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160552311 KW - Congress 105th KW - Higher Education Act Title IV KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Federal Aid KW - Government School Relationship KW - Politics of Education KW - Educational Finance KW - Delivery Systems KW - Higher Education KW - Eligibility KW - Student Financial Aid KW - Paying for College KW - Management Systems KW - Federal Programs KW - Hearings KW - Organizational Climate KW - Organizational Effectiveness KW - Administrative Organization KW - Financial Aid Applicants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62517824?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Indian Employment, Training, and Related Services Demonstration Act. Hearing on Public Law 102-477, Indian Employment, Training and Related Services Demonstration Act of 1992 before the Committee on Indian Affairs. United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session. AN - 62510712; ED417057 AB - The Senate Committee on Indian Affairs held a hearing to assess the success of Public Law 102-477, the Indian Employment, Training, and Related Services Demonstration Act of 1992. Specifically, the hearing looked at how well the Act is working in terms of enhancing program efficiency, reducing unemployment in Native communities, and improving availability of employment and other services to Native people. The intent of Congress in enacting the Act was to allow tribal authorities to consolidate federal formula-funded programs into a single program, and to achieve efficiencies in that consolidation. The Act allows consolidation of 11 programs of the Department of Labor, Department of Health and Human Services, and Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), and will be extended to include welfare reform in July 1997. At the time of the hearing, participants included 18 grantees representing 177 federally recognized tribes. Representatives of the BIA testified about the Act's success in reducing administrative burdens on the tribes, the BIA's reluctance to support inclusion of Johnson O'Malley funds in the program, and cash flow problems. Representatives of tribes and intertribal organizations described their programs and discussed program successes in terms of increased tribal involvement, job placements, and intertribal cooperation and decreased costs and paperwork; implications for tribal implementation of welfare reform; and repeated bureaucratic delays in dealing with the BIA. (SV) Y1 - 1997/05/13/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 May 13 SP - 161 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160556902 KW - Bureau of Indian Affairs KW - Congress 105th KW - Indian Employment Training Rel Svc Demon Act 1992 KW - Program Consolidation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Employment Services KW - Program Administration KW - Federal Aid KW - Welfare Reform KW - Youth Programs KW - Job Training KW - Secondary Education KW - Tribes KW - Tribally Controlled Education KW - Federal Legislation KW - Hearings KW - Administrative Problems KW - American Indian Education KW - Vocational Education KW - Tribal Government KW - Technical Assistance KW - Adult Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62510712?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997. Report of the Committee on Education and the Workforce House of Representatives on H.R. 5 Together with Additional and Dissenting Views [Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office]. House of Representatives, 105th Congress, 1st Session. AN - 62510383; ED419322 AB - This report explains proposed 1997 amendments to the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA). After the proposed new law is presented, a summary of House action is provided along with a section-by-section analysis of the legislation. A statement from the Committee discusses its intention to review, strengthen, and improve IDEA to better educate children with disabilities and enable them to achieve a quality education by: (1) strengthening the role of parents; (2) ensuring access to the general education curriculum and reforms; (3) focusing on teaching and learning while reducing unnecessary paperwork requirements; (4) assisting educational agencies in addressing the cost of improving special education and related services to children with disabilities; (5) giving increased attention to racial, ethnic, and linguistic diversity to prevent inappropriate identification and mislabeling; (6) ensuring schools are safe and conducive to learning; and (7) encouraging parent and educators to work out their differences by using nonadversarial means. The report also includes a reprint of the original law in order to highlight proposed changes. Additional views from U.S. Representative Major Owens and dissenting views from U.S. Representative Ron Paul are also presented. (CR) Y1 - 1997/05/13/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 May 13 SP - 391 KW - Individuals with Disabilities Educ Act Amend 1997 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Educational Strategies KW - Federal Aid KW - Educational Legislation KW - Educational Objectives KW - Parent Role KW - Educational Finance KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Early Childhood Education KW - Public Policy KW - Federal Legislation KW - Preschool Education KW - Educational Opportunities KW - Federal Programs KW - Disabilities KW - Policy Formation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62510383?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997. Report from the Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources. To Accompany S. 717. 105th Congress, 1st Session. AN - 62519466; ED419315 AB - This report of the Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources favorably recommends the passage of amendments to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act to reauthorize and improve the act. Specific recommended improvements include: (1) decreasing paperwork, (2) providing increased flexibility and lower costs in the delivery of services, (3) enhancing parental input in decision making, (4) making schools safer, and (5) consolidating and targeting discretionary programs. Individual sections of the report present the proposed legislation's purpose and summary, the background and need for this legislation, the history of the legislation and committee action, an explanation of the bill and committee views, the specific amendments to sections of the original act, and a section-by-section analysis. (DB) Y1 - 1997/05/09/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 May 09 SP - 62 KW - Individuals with Disabilities Educ Act Amend 1997 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Federal Legislation KW - Educational Legislation KW - Educational Change KW - Disabilities KW - Parent Participation KW - Delivery Systems KW - Cost Effectiveness KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - School Safety KW - Decision Making UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62519466?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Calendar No. 46. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Employment, Training, and Literacy Enhancement Act of 1997. Report of the Committee on Education and the Workforce, House of Representatives, on H.R. 1385 Together with Additional and Dissenting Views [Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office], 105th Congress, 1st Session. AN - 62527012; ED418333 AB - This document contains the text of the Employment, Training, and Literacy Enhancement Act of 1997, as amended by committee, including the titles that cover the following: general provisions; employment and training programs for disadvantaged youth; federally administered programs; adult education programs; miscellaneous provisions; the State Human Resource Investment Council; the Wagner-Peyser Act; technical and conforming amendments; effective date and transition provisions; general provisions; vocational rehabilitation programs; research and training; training and demonstration projects; National Council on Disability; rights and advocacy; employment opportunities for individuals with disabilities; independent living services and centers for independent living; special demonstrations and training projects; the Helen Keller National Center Act; and effective date. The document includes section-by-section analysis of the amendments, additional and minority views, and cost estimates from the Congressional Budget Office. (KC) Y1 - 1997/05/08/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 May 08 SP - 566 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. KW - Congress 105th KW - Proposed Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Educational Legislation KW - Government School Relationship KW - Tech Prep KW - Job Training KW - Educational Improvement KW - Secondary Education KW - Accessibility (for Disabled) KW - Employment Problems KW - Demonstration Programs KW - Federal Legislation KW - Disabilities KW - Compliance (Legal) KW - Vocational Education KW - Technical Education KW - Employment Programs KW - Literacy Education KW - Education Work Relationship UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62527012?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Nomination of L. Britt Snider to Be Inspector General, Central Intelligence Agency AN - 1679136894; CO02056 AB - Transcribes hearing of Senate Select Committee on Intelligence about nomination of L. Britt Snider for inspector general of Central Intelligence Agency; committee votes in favor of nomination. AU - United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence AD - United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence PY - 1997 SP - 67 KW - Biography KW - Confirmation hearings KW - Rudman, Warren B. KW - Bryan, Richard H. KW - Snider, L. Britt KW - Pearline, David M. KW - Graham, Robert KW - Potts, Stephen D. KW - Warner, John William KW - Shelby, Richard C. KW - Allard, Wayne KW - Glenn, John KW - Rudman, Warren B. KW - Bryan, Richard H. KW - Snider, L. Britt KW - Pearline, David M. KW - Graham, Robert KW - Potts, Stephen D. KW - Warner, John William KW - Shelby, Richard C. KW - Allard, Wayne KW - Glenn, John UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1679136894?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Adnsa_co&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Nomination+of+L.+Britt+Snider+to+Be+Inspector+General%2C+Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.au=United+States.+Congress.+Senate.+Select+Committee+on+Intelligence&rft.aulast=United+States.+Congress.+Senate.+Select+Committee+on+Intelligence&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-05-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Digital National Security Archive N1 - Name - United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Office of the Inspector General N1 - Analyte descriptor - NSA document type: Hearing N1 - People - Allard, Wayne; Bryan, Richard H.; Glenn, John; Graham, Robert; Pearline, David M.; Potts, Stephen D.; Rudman, Warren B.; Shelby, Richard C.; Snider, L. Britt; Warner, John William N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-16 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Nomination of George J. Tenet to Be Director of Central Intelligence AN - 1679136832; CO02055 AB - Transcribes hearing of Senate Select Committee on Intelligence about nomination of George Tenet to be director of central intelligence. AU - United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence AD - United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence PY - 1997 SP - 116 KW - Biography KW - Confirmation hearings KW - Mikulski, Barbara A. KW - DeWine, Michael KW - Levin, Carl KW - Inhofe, James M. KW - Bryan, Richard H. KW - Boren, David L. KW - Robb, Charles S. KW - Lugar, Richard G. KW - Chafee, John H. KW - Kerrey, J. Robert ("Bob") KW - Baucus, Max KW - D'Amato, Alfonse M. KW - Hatch, Orrin G. KW - Kyl, Jon L. KW - Glenn, John KW - Moynihan, Daniel P. KW - Graham, Robert KW - Tenet, George J. KW - Potts, Stephen D. KW - Shelby, Richard C. KW - Allard, Wayne KW - Sarbanes, Paul S. KW - Mikulski, Barbara A. KW - DeWine, Michael KW - Levin, Carl KW - Inhofe, James M. KW - Bryan, Richard H. KW - Boren, David L. KW - Robb, Charles S. KW - Lugar, Richard G. KW - Chafee, John H. KW - Kerrey, J. Robert ("Bob") KW - Baucus, Max KW - D'Amato, Alfonse M. KW - Hatch, Orrin G. KW - Kyl, Jon L. KW - Glenn, John KW - Moynihan, Daniel P. KW - Graham, Robert KW - Tenet, George J. KW - Potts, Stephen D. KW - Shelby, Richard C. KW - Allard, Wayne KW - Sarbanes, Paul S. UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1679136832?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Adnsa_co&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Nomination+of+George+J.+Tenet+to+Be+Director+of+Central+Intelligence&rft.au=United+States.+Congress.+Senate.+Select+Committee+on+Intelligence&rft.aulast=United+States.+Congress.+Senate.+Select+Committee+on+Intelligence&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-05-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Digital National Security Archive N1 - Name - United States. Central Intelligence Agency; United States. Director of Central Intelligence N1 - Analyte descriptor - NSA document type: Hearing N1 - People - Allard, Wayne; Baucus, Max; Boren, David L.; Bryan, Richard H.; Chafee, John H.; D'Amato, Alfonse M.; DeWine, Michael; Glenn, John; Graham, Robert; Hatch, Orrin G.; Inhofe, James M.; Kerrey, J. Robert ("Bob"); Kyl, Jon L.; Levin, Carl; Lugar, Richard G.; Mikulski, Barbara A.; Moynihan, Daniel P.; Potts, Stephen D.; Robb, Charles S.; Sarbanes, Paul S.; Shelby, Richard C.; Tenet, George J. N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-16 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Reauthorization of the Higher Education Act and the Costs of Higher Education. Hearing of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session on Examining the Relationship Between Cost and Access to Postsecondary Education (Bangor, ME, May 5, 1997). AN - 62498555; ED410910 AB - This hearing on the reauthorization of the Higher Education Act, sought public comment in Maine on the cost of higher education and on Title IV of the Higher Education Act. Specifically, these hearings were intended to address the continuing low level of participation in higher education by Maine high school graduates, which was ascribed mainly to the fact that federal aid programs cover a smaller percentage of cost than they did 15 years ago. The hearing, chaired by Senator Susan M. Collins of Maine, heard statements from: Senator James M. Jeffords of Vermont; Senator Olympia J. Snowe of Maine, who planned to introduce a "Go to College" tax incentive act; Melissa Chasse, a student who gave examples of the various federal student aid programs that had enabled her to attend college James Peacock, certified school counselor; Mid-Maine Technical Center; Andrea Cross, director of financial aid, St. Joseph's College; institutional administrators and counselors from Maine colleges, who all noted repayment burdens faced by students; and education policymakers for the state of Maine, who noted the importance of federal student aid programs to students in the state. Walter Moulton, director of student aid at Bowdoin College, presented a prepared statement suggesting three changes to the bill which would: (1) provide an alternative to the Perkins Loan Program; (2) consolidate the Parent Loans for Undergraduate Students (PLUS) program; and (3) allow use of retirement assets to help meet educational expenses. (CH) Y1 - 1997/05/05/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 May 05 SP - 63 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160552540 KW - Congress 105th KW - Higher Education Act Title IV KW - Maine KW - Parent Loans for Undergraduate Students Program KW - Pell Grant Program KW - Perkins Loan Program KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Educational Equity (Finance) KW - Student Loan Programs KW - Loan Repayment KW - Government School Relationship KW - Access to Education KW - Educational Finance KW - Loan Default KW - Higher Education KW - State Officials KW - Eligibility KW - Student Financial Aid KW - Paying for College KW - Income Contingent Loans KW - Federal Programs KW - Hearings KW - Federal State Relationship KW - Financial Aid Applicants KW - Student Costs KW - Parent Financial Contribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62498555?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The pediatric cardiology pharmacopoeia. AN - 78990101; 9142703 AB - Keeping up with a rapidly growing list of medications has always been a breathtaking and, at times, impossible task to master. Contrary to common belief, the enormity of keeping abreast with the more recently developed medications is not a modern phenomenon resulting from the great technological advances of the past few years, but an ongoing struggle spanning the latter half of this century. It appears that there are more drugs to use than to know how, when, or what to do with them. This sentiment was expressed in 1973 by the editors of Martindale's The Extra Pharmacopoeia, twenty-sixth edition [3]: "The unprecedented rate at which our knowledge of medicine and pharmacy is advancing makes it a formidable challenge to provide within a single volume an up-to-date source of basic information on the properties and uses of the many drugs in current use." In this article, a review of the medications currently used in the management of children with heart diseases is presented. The medications have been collected in groups based upon their pharmacological actions: Antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, diuretics, sedatives and miscellaneous agents. Within each group the agents are listed alphabetically using chemical names. We attempted to include as many drugs as thought to be of relevance to the team of health practitioners involved in the care of children with cardiac problems. Various routes of administration are presented, some of which have been infrequently described in the pediatric literature, such as continuous infusion of diuretic agents [22]. The dosing ranges were adopted from many sources [1, 5, 8, 9, 17-19, 22, 23, 26], and we sought to include the widest ranges of dosages published. All dosages listed in Table 1 are quantitated per dose and not per day. This approach was adopted as it reduces calculations and the potential for medication errors. JF - Pediatric cardiology AU - Abdulla, R AU - Young, S AU - Barnes, S D AD - Department of Pediatrics, Rush Medical College, 1653 West Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 162 EP - 183 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0172-0643, 0172-0643 KW - Cardiovascular Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Hemodynamics -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Electrocardiography -- drug effects KW - Child, Preschool KW - Postoperative Complications -- drug therapy KW - Cardiovascular Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Cardiovascular Agents -- adverse effects KW - Heart Defects, Congenital -- surgery KW - Pharmacopoeias as Topic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78990101?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatric+cardiology&rft.atitle=The+pediatric+cardiology+pharmacopoeia.&rft.au=Abdulla%2C+R%3BYoung%2C+S%3BBarnes%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Abdulla&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatric+cardiology&rft.issn=01720643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-27 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Schools and Staffing Survey Student Records Questionnaire: School Year 1993-94, with Special Emphasis on American Indian and Alaska Native Students. E.D. Tabs. AN - 62626724; ED407209 AB - First conducted during the 1987-88 school year, the Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS) provides periodic data on public and private schools in the United States. The Student Records Questionnaire was added during the 1993-94 cycle of SASS to collect student-level data from public schools, private schools, and schools funded by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). The schools provided information from their administrative records for randomly selected students; American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) students were oversampled. Extensive data tables present total national enrollments by type of school, race/ethnicity, sex, community type (rural/urban), and region; describe characteristics of AIAN students (tribal membership and enrollment, currently taught or counseled by AIAN staff); and provide information from BIA schools, public schools, and private schools for AIAN students, other minority students, and White non-Hispanic students, and for males and females on the following: (1) students who withdrew, dropped out, or were chronically truant and reasons for the behavior; (2) students receiving special programs or services; (3) disabilities; (4) retention in grade; (5) junior high and high school students enrolled in various science and mathematics courses; (6) students enrolled in various Native studies, culture, and language courses; (7) students who completed advanced placement courses; (8) high school juniors and seniors who sent transcripts to colleges; and (9) students whose primary language is not English and those with limited English proficiency. Technical notes detail survey content, methodology, and definitions. Appendices include standard error tables, the Student Records Questionnaire, and a list of SASS data products. (SV) AU - Whitener, Summer D. Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 73 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 016049060X KW - Bureau of Indian Affairs Schools KW - Schools and Staffing Survey (NCES) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Science Education KW - Questionnaires KW - College Bound Students KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Mathematics Education KW - American Indians KW - Dropouts KW - Public Schools KW - Disabilities KW - Enrollment KW - American Indian Education KW - School Surveys KW - Limited English Speaking KW - Tables (Data) KW - Private Schools KW - Alaska Natives KW - Grade Repetition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62626724?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - An Overview of the National Household Education Survey: 1991, 1993, 1995, and 1996. Technical Report. AN - 62622711; ED408364 AB - The National Household Education Survey (NHES) is a data collection system of the National Center for Education Statistics, which has as its mission the collection and publication of data on the condition of education in the United States. The NHES is specifically designed to provide information on educational issues that are best addressed by contacting households rather than educational institutions. The NHES, which was conducted in 1991, 1993, 1995, and 1996, is a telephone survey of the noninstitutionalized civilian population of the United States. From 45,000 to 64,000 households are screened for each administration and those who meet predetermined criteria are sampled for more detailed or extended interviews. This report presents an overview of the NHES survey program from 1991 to 1996, addressing specific aspects such as survey topics, sample design, and data collection. It discusses how the NHES has evolved over time, but is not intended to provide detailed information about each NHES cycle. The following components were surveyed in these years: (1) 1991--early childhood education and adult education; (2) 1993--school readiness, school safety and discipline--parent and youth interviews; (3) 1995--early childhood program participation and adult education; and (4) 1996--household and library screening and parent/family involvement in education and civic involvement--parent interview. (Contains three tables.) (SLD) AU - Nolin, Mary Jo Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 37 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-97-448 KW - National Center for Education Statistics KW - National Household Education Survey KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Research Methodology KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Early Childhood Education KW - School Safety KW - National Surveys KW - Telephone Surveys KW - Parent Participation KW - Data Collection KW - Data Analysis KW - School Readiness KW - Family (Sociological Unit) KW - Adult Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62622711?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Characteristics of Small and Rural School Districts. Statistical Analysis Report. AN - 62605676; ED408144 AB - Small rural school districts constitute a major portion of the public elementary and secondary sector of education. Using information from the Common Core of Data, this report focuses on the approximately 4,000 small rural school districts operating since 1986-87; their status in 1993-94; and how they changed each year during that 7-year period, drawing comparisons where appropriate to larger districts and districts in urban and suburban settings. In this report, a small district is defined as one that has less than 25 students per elementary grade and less than 100 students per secondary grade. Chapters cover the following: (1) data sources and definitions of terms; (2) enrollment size and location of small rural districts, district grade-level types, school district consolidation, and enrollment trends; (3) school characteristics (number of schools per district, school size, grade span configuration, ungraded instruction, kindergarten and prekindergarten, and school closings); (4) student characteristics (minority groups, limited English proficiency, special education, and poverty); and (5) per-pupil revenues and expenditures and student-teacher ratios. Appendices include extensive data tables and technical notes. Contains 30 references and statistical figures. (SV) AU - McLaughlin, Donald H. Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 147 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160490561 KW - Small School Districts KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Institutional Characteristics KW - Rural Urban Differences KW - Rural Schools KW - Student Characteristics KW - Small Schools KW - Expenditure per Student KW - School Districts KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Educational Trends KW - School Funds KW - School Statistics KW - School District Reorganization KW - School Closing KW - Tables (Data) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62605676?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Characteristics of Stayers, Movers, and Leavers: Results from the Teacher Followup Survey: 1994-95. Schools and Staffing Survey. E.D. Tabs. AN - 62603605; ED408708 AB - The TFS (Teacher Followup Survey is a survey of elementary and secondary school teachers who participated in the Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS) Teacher Questionnaire and is conducted in the school year following the SASS data collection. The sample for the 1994-95 TFS was selected from the 7,200 teachers who participated in the 1993-94 SASS; it consisted of all who left teaching within the year after SASS was administered and a subsample of those who continued teaching. The TFS sought to provide estimates of teacher attrition rates; examine the characteristics of those who stay in the teaching profession and those who leave; obtain data on occupations or other activities for those who leave teaching and career information for those who are still teaching; update information on education, other training, and career plans; and collect data on attitudes about the teaching profession and job satisfaction. Some highlights follow: The attrition rate from the teaching profession between 1993-94 and 1994-95 was 6.6 percent in public schools and 11.9 percent in private schools. Teacher attrition varied by teacher's age. The two main reasons cited by public school teachers for leaving the teaching profession were retirement and pregnancy/child rearing; private school teachers reported that they left to pursue another career or because of a family or personal move. Nineteen tables are included. Appendices contain 15 standard error tables, copies of the Teacher Followup Surveys (for former and for current teachers), and a list of SASS and TFS data products. (LMI) AU - Whitener, Summer D. Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 132 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. (For free single copies, call National Data Resource Center: 703/845-3151, phone; 703-820-7465, FAX). SN - 0160490790 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Teacher Transfer KW - Labor Turnover KW - Faculty Mobility KW - Teaching (Occupation) KW - Public Schools KW - Career Change KW - Teacher Persistence KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Private Schools KW - Retirement KW - Occupational Surveys UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62603605?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Selected Papers in School Finance, 1995. AN - 62603577; ED408691 AB - Those who study education policy have struggled to understand how money matters in education and why educational research finds no strong or consistent relationship between expenditures and student performance. The papers in this publication were commissioned by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) to address the twin concerns of what additional school-finance information NCES should collect and report, and how extant data might be analyzed. The publication is dedicated to Charles S. Benson, University of California, Berkeley, who dedicated his life's work to improving education finance for students in poor school districts. Following the foreword by Paul D. Planchon, and acknowledgments, contents include the following papers: (1) "Introduction and Overview" (William J. Fowler, Jr.); (2) "Does Money Matter in Education? A Policymaker's Guide" (Lawrence O. Picus); (3) "The Effect of Constitutional Litigation on Educational Finance: A Further Analysis" (G. Alan Hickrod); (4) "Student-Level School Resource Measures" (Robert Berne and Leanna Stiefel); (5) "Proposed 'Good Practices' for Creating Data Bases from the F-33 and CCD for School Finance Analyses" (Michael O'Leary and Jay Moskowitz); and (6) "The Empirical Argument for Educational Adequacy, the Critical Gaps in the Knowledge Base, and a Suggested Research Agenda" (William H. Clune). Each article contains references. (LMI) AU - Fowler, William J. Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 118 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160490782 KW - National Center for Education Statistics KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Educational Equity (Finance) KW - Research Methodology KW - Educational Finance KW - School Districts KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Outcomes of Education KW - Measurement Techniques KW - Finance Reform KW - Educational Resources KW - Data Collection KW - Court Litigation KW - Data Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62603577?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Public Libraries in the United States: FY1994. E.D. Tabs. AN - 62602758; ED409013 AB - The tables in this report summarize information about public libraries in the United States for the fiscal year 1994. These data were collected through the seventh Public Libraries Survey (PLS). Respondents for this census were 8,727 of the 8,921 public libraries identified in the 50 states and District of Columbia, by state library agencies. About 11% of the public libraries serve 70% of the population of legally served areas in the United States; 1,455 public libraries (over 16%) reported one or more branch library outlets, with a total of 7,025; total operating expenditures for public libraries were over $4.9 billion in 1994; libraries reported a total of nearly 112,823 paid full-time equivalent (FTE) staff; and total nationwide circulation of library materials was nearly 1.6 billion, or 6.4 per capita. The report begins by presenting highlights of the findings. The introduction describes: the terminology used in the document; the survey universe; data collection and use of technology; and quality review of the data. Also included are caveats for statistics. The data are presented in 19 sets of tables, which make up the body of this report. Data is provided on staffing; operating income and expenditures; type of governance; type of administrative structure; public service hours; interlibrary loan; circulation; and library visits. Appendices include a background of the Federal-State Cooperative System (FSCS), a glossary, and a list of states with overlapping population of legal service areas. (AEF) AU - Chute, Adrienne Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 163 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160490596 KW - United States KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Library Statistics KW - Library Collections KW - Public Libraries KW - National Surveys KW - Library Services KW - Library Circulation KW - Library Expenditures KW - State Libraries KW - Library Surveys KW - Library Funding KW - Reference Services KW - Branch Libraries KW - Tables (Data) KW - Interlibrary Loans UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62602758?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For the 1993 report, see ED 387 148. Prepared for N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The Janus Project. New Learning Technologies: Promises and Prospects for Women. A Discussion Paper. AN - 62502460; ED411404 AB - This discussion paper explores the extent to which new learning technologies can help make learning more available, accessible, and compatible with women's needs and goals. The following topics are discussed: the paper's framework and data sources (discussions with individuals from all regions of Canada whose experience encompasses a range of formal and nonformal education and training, a review of literature on women and new learning technologies, and a review of public policy documents related to technology and learning); expectations and educator provision of access for women and the four levels of access (infrastructure and community, institutional, and individual access); costs and use of resources (values and cost, payment for education and training in Canada, and comparative costs of "old" and "new" technologies); quality and equality of learning (perspectives on learning, different learning tasks, instructor perspectives, keeping a holistic approach in the forefront, the economic rationale); opportunities for learning (nonformal learning and information sharing, formal learning, good examples, the global picture); and tools and strategies (finding and sharing information, evaluating programs, discovering real options, exploring underlying values, conveying concerns to decision makers). A 21-item annotated bibliography and 99-item bibliography are included. (MN) AU - O'Rourke, Jennifer AU - Schachter, Linda Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 80 PB - Canadian Congress for Learning Opportunities for Women, 47 Main Street, Toronto, Ontario M4E 2V6, Canada; phone: 800/858-7558 ($14.95 plus postage and handling). KW - Canada KW - Impact Studies KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Womens Education KW - Educational Finance KW - Teacher Attitudes KW - Public Policy KW - National Surveys KW - Equal Education KW - Literature Reviews KW - Computer Uses in Education KW - Distance Education KW - Foreign Countries KW - Student Attitudes KW - Educational Opportunities KW - Educational Practices KW - Educational Policy KW - Adult Educators KW - Conventional Instruction KW - Annotated Bibliographies KW - Educational Technology KW - Nonformal Education KW - Educational Quality KW - Adult Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62502460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aeric&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=The+Janus+Project.+New+Learning+Technologies%3A+Promises+and+Prospects+for+Women.+A+Discussion+Paper.&rft.au=O%27Rourke%2C+Jennifer%3BSchachter%2C+Linda&rft.aulast=O%27Rourke&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 2 - Produced in microfiche (1966-2003) N1 - SuppNotes - For related proceedings, see CE 074 675. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Rural Substance Abuse: State of Knowledge and Issues. NIDA Research Monograph 168. AN - 62248763; ED456979 AB - This research monograph is based on papers from a technical review meeting of the same name, held April 26-27, 1994. It provides information about the special nature or context of rural communities that might impact patterns of drug and alcohol consumption and delivery of prevention and treatment services; health, social, and economic consequences of substance abuse; and special needs of rural subpopulations. Many papers include a focus on youth. The selected papers are: "Introduction: Drug and Alcohol Abuse in Rural America" (Zili Sloboda, Eric Rosenquist, Jan Howard); "The Social Context of Substance Abuse: A Developmental Perspective" (Rand D. Conger); "The Special Nature of Rural America" (Rand D. Conger); "Drug and Alcohol Use among Youth in Rural Communities" (Ruth W. Edwards); "Traffic and Illegal Production of Drugs in Rural America" (Patrick J. O'Dea, Barbara Murphy, Cecilia Balzer); "Risk and Protective Factors for Drug Use among Rural American Youth" (E. R. Oetting, R. W. Edwards, K. Kelly, F. Beauvais); "Introduction: [Health, Social, and Economic Consequences]" (Gayle M. Boyd); "Health Consequences of Alcohol Use in Rural America" (Gene H. Brody, Eileen Neubaum, Gayle M. Boyd, Mary Dufour); "Health Consequences of Rural Illicit Drug Use: Questions without Answers" (Dennis G. Fisher, Henry H. Cagle, Dawn C. Davis, Andrea M. Fenaughty, Theresa Kuhrt-Hunstiger, Susan R. Fison); "Social and Economic Consequences of Rural Alcohol Use" (Kelly J. Kelleher, James M. Robbins); "The Economic and Social Costs of Drug Abuse among the Rural Population" (Joseph F. Donnermeyer); "Introduction: Interventions and Services" (Elizabeth B. Robertson); "The Prevention of Alcohol Use by Rural Youth" (Carol N. D'Onofrio); "A Drug Abuse Prevention Strategy for Rural America" (Anthony Biglan, Terry Duncan, A. Blair Irvine, Dennis Ary, Keith Smolkowski, Lisa James); "In Living Context: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Rethinking Rural Prevention" (Gordon Karim); "Introduction to Mental Health Service Delivery in Rural Areas" (Elizabeth B. Robertson); "Mental Health Service Delivery in Rural Areas: Organizational and Clinical Issues" (Morton O. Wagenfeld, J. Dennis Murray, Dennis F. Mohatt, Jeanne C. DeBruyn); "Introduction: Drug Abuse among Rural Ethnic and Migrant Populations" (Lula A. Beatty); "Alcohol and Drug Abuse by Migrant Farmworkers: Past Research and Future Priorities" (James M. Watson); "Culturally Competent Substance Abuse Prevention Research among Rural Native American Communities" (Jerry Stubben); "Substance Abuse in Rural African-American Populations" (Marvin P. Dawkins, Mary M. Williams); and "Drug and Alcohol Use among Rural Mexican-Americans" (Felipe G. Castro, Sara Gutierres). (Each paper contains references.) (SV) AU - Robertson, Elizabeth B. AU - Sloboda, Zili AU - Boyd, Gayle M. AU - Beatty, Lula AU - Kozel, Nicholas J. Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 552 PB - GPO, Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15220-7954 ($83). Tel: 202-738-3238. For full text: http://www.nida.nih.gov/PDF/Monographs/Monograph168/Download 168.html. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Rural Youth KW - At Risk Persons KW - Substance Abuse KW - Rural Population KW - Delivery Systems KW - Intervention KW - Educational Needs KW - Illegal Drug Use KW - Rural Areas KW - Health Promotion KW - Prevention KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Minority Groups KW - Research Needs KW - Health Behavior KW - Youth Problems KW - Social Environment KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62248763?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For selected individual papers, see RC 023 179-191 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycosphaerella leaf disease: genetic variation in damage to Eucalyptus nitens, Eucalyptus globulus, and their F sub(1) hybrid AN - 16535649; 4315401 AB - Severity of Mycosphaerella leaf disease was assessed on the adult and juvenile foliage of both controlled crossed and open-pollinated families of Eucalyptus globulus ssp globulus Labill., Eucalyptus nitens (Deane & Maiden) Maiden, Eucalyptus globulus ssp. bicostata (Maiden, Blakely & J. Simm.) Kirkpatr., and their F sub(1) hybrids in a trial in northwest Tasmania, Australia. Within ssp. globulus, disease was more severe on one provenance, Taranna, than another, King Island. For interprovenance hybrids, differences between parents were inherited in an additive manner, whereas interspecific hybrids were generally more susceptible than predicted intraspecific midparent values and occasionally, were more susceptible than the more susceptible parent. Within populations, the narrow-sense heritabilities for Mycosphaerella disease severity were low to moderate (0.004-0.506), but were consistently higher for adult than for juvenile foliage despite disease severity being higher on juvenile foliage. Parental breeding values and heritabilities estimated from open-pollinated progeny were similar to estimates obtained from controlled crosses involving the same parents. Complex genetic interactions were detected between growth, vegetative phase change, and disease severity. It is possible that selection for rapid growth in an environment without disease may result in indirect selection for susceptibility. JF - Canadian Journal of Forest Research/Revue Canadienne de Recherche Forestiere AU - Dungey, H S AU - Potts, B M AU - Carnegie, A J AU - Ades, P K AD - Cooperative Research Centre for Temperate Hardwood Forestry and Department of Plant Science, G.P.O. Box 252-55, Hobart, Tasmania 7001 Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 750 EP - 759 PB - NRC Research Press VL - 27 IS - 5 SN - 0045-5067, 0045-5067 KW - Australia, Tasmania KW - Bluegum eucalyptus KW - leaf disease KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Genetic variance KW - Mycosphaerella KW - Disease resistance KW - Foliar diseases KW - Eucalyptus nitens KW - Eucalyptus globulus KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16535649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Forest+Research%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Recherche+Forestiere&rft.atitle=Mycosphaerella+leaf+disease%3A+genetic+variation+in+damage+to+Eucalyptus+nitens%2C+Eucalyptus+globulus%2C+and+their+F+sub%281%29+hybrid&rft.au=Dungey%2C+H+S%3BPotts%2C+B+M%3BCarnegie%2C+A+J%3BAdes%2C+P+K&rft.aulast=Dungey&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=750&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Forest+Research%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Recherche+Forestiere&rft.issn=00455067&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Eucalyptus globulus; Eucalyptus nitens; Mycosphaerella; Foliar diseases; Genetic variance; Disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protein A as a fusion partner for the expression of heterologous proteins in Lactobacillus AN - 16231230; 4216797 AB - An expression system based on the Staphylococcus aureus protein A gene (spa) was developed to allow the production and export of proteins in Lactobacillus. Plasmid shuttle vectors were constructed that carried the eZZ gene, a synthetic gene based on the Protein A gene (spa) but lacking the carboxy-terminal membrane-anchoring region. A gene fusion was created between the eZZ gene and the VD4 region of a chlamydial major outer-membrane protein gene. Expression studies demonstrated the recognition of the spa regulatory signals by several Lactobacillus, with the recombinant protein being expressed (from 0.1 mu g of EZZVD4 fusion protein per ml in L. plantarum up to 10 mu g of EZZ protein per ml in L. fermentum) and exported (levels up to 20% in L. fermentum) in several Lactobacillus strains. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Rush, C AU - Hafner, L AU - Timms, P AD - Centre for Molecular Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434 Brisbane, Queensland, 4001, Australia Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 537 EP - 542 VL - 47 IS - 5 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - EZZ protein KW - eZZ gene KW - fusion protein KW - protein A KW - spa gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01002:Acids, amino acids, peptides & proteins KW - W2 32340:Other peptides, proteins, amino acids KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16231230?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Protein+A+as+a+fusion+partner+for+the+expression+of+heterologous+proteins+in+Lactobacillus&rft.au=Rush%2C+C%3BHafner%2C+L%3BTimms%2C+P&rft.aulast=Rush&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=537&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lead exposure in papier mache workers AN - 16120273; 4222668 AB - Lead exposure was assessed in a random cohort of 70 male papier mache workers and compared with 35 age and sex matched controls. Blood lead levels in workers were significantly higher than in controls (Mean 68.07 plus or minus 44.64 ug/dl vs 25.52 plus or minus 16.56 ug/dl respectively; P 0.05). Blood levels bore a significant correlation with age but did not bear any correlation with the duration of exposure. Various modes of exposure to lead included hand mixing of paints, skin application of the paint to match shades and making point of the brush using lips and the tongue. JF - Human & Experimental Toxicology AU - Wahid, A AU - Koul, P A AU - Shah, SU AU - Khan, A R AU - Bhat AU - Malik, MA AD - Dep. Intern. Med., Inst. Med. Sci., Soura, Srinager 190 011, GPO Post Bag No. 27, Kashmir, India Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 281 EP - 283 VL - 16 IS - 5 SN - 0144-5952, 0144-5952 KW - man KW - papier mache KW - coproporphyrin KW - lead KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - blood KW - urine KW - poisoning KW - occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16120273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+%26+Experimental+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Lead+exposure+in+papier+mache+workers&rft.au=Wahid%2C+A%3BKoul%2C+P+A%3BShah%2C+SU%3BKhan%2C+A+R%3BBhat%3BMalik%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Wahid&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+%26+Experimental+Toxicology&rft.issn=01445952&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lead; occupational exposure; blood; urine; poisoning ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field observations on the behavior and ecology of the orangethroat pikeblenny, Chaenopsis alepidota, in the Sea of Cortez AN - 16100656; 4207269 AB - Patterns of space use and defence by the pikeblenny, Chaenopsis alepidota, were studied over a 13-month period in 1977-1978 for a population inhabiting a sand/rubble plain in a small bay along the Baja California coast of the Sea of Cortez. The abundance of C. alepidota varied widely over the year, as did its apparent mobility and territorial behavior. Analysis of size-frequency distributions suggests that in part the change in abundance reflects recruitment and rapid growth of a species that is largely annual. During periods of low population density, resources appeared to be abundant and individuals appeared to roam widely and were largely non-aggressive, whereas during a period of high density, resources appeared to be in shorter supply, individuals were more site-attached and the incidence of agonistic interactions increased markedly. The apparent short generation time of the species suggests population densities vary widely among habitats and years (reflecting recruitment variability), with concomitant shifts in a labile social system. The emphasis in the literature on vigorous territoriality in pikeblennies may reflect a bias due to their conspicuousness during periods of high population density. JF - Bulletin of Marine Science AU - Thresher, R E AD - CSIRO Div. Mar. Res., G.P.O. Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 1195 EP - 1204 VL - 60 IS - 3 SN - 0007-4977, 0007-4977 KW - Orangethroat pikeblenny KW - agonistic behaviour KW - display behavior KW - display behaviour KW - reef fish KW - social behaviour KW - territoriality KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - population density KW - Blenniidae KW - recruitment KW - Chaenopsis alepidota KW - ISE, Mexico, Baja California Sur, Juncalito KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Q1 08341:General KW - D 04668:Fish KW - O 1050:Vertebrates, Urochordates and Cephalochordates KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour KW - Y 25535:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16100656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Marine+Science&rft.atitle=Field+observations+on+the+behavior+and+ecology+of+the+orangethroat+pikeblenny%2C+Chaenopsis+alepidota%2C+in+the+Sea+of+Cortez&rft.au=Thresher%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Thresher&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Marine+Science&rft.issn=00074977&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agonistic behaviour; reef fish; social behaviour; population density; territoriality; display behaviour; recruitment; display behavior; Chaenopsis alepidota; Blenniidae; ISE, Mexico, Baja California Sur, Juncalito; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 6. Decreased aggressive behavior in masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) during the parr-smolt transformation AN - 16100380; 4201403 AB - Masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou showed decreasing levels of overt aggressive behavior (nipping) during the parr-smolt transformation. The highest nipping frequencies were observed in immature parr, and the lowest nipping frequencies in fully-smoltified fish. Desmoltified fish showed a return to aggressive behavior. Plasma thyroxine levels were negatively correlated with frequencies of nipping behavior. Reduced aggression is an important behavioral change in preparation for downstream migration by masu salmon, and also for other salmonid species. JF - Memoirs of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University AU - Hutchison, MJ AU - Iwata, M AD - Royal Australasian Ornithologiests Union, GPO Box 3943, Sydney 2001, Australia Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 22 EP - 24 VL - 44 IS - 1 SN - 0018-3466, 0018-3466 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Serial no. 62 KW - aggressive behaviour KW - Marine KW - thyroid KW - life history KW - Brackish KW - Anadromous migrations KW - developmental stages KW - Freshwater KW - migratory species KW - serological studies KW - Oncorhynchus masou KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16100380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Memoirs+of+the+Faculty+of+Fisheries%2C+Hokkaido+University&rft.atitle=6.+Decreased+aggressive+behavior+in+masu+salmon+%28Oncorhynchus+masou%29+during+the+parr-smolt+transformation&rft.au=Hutchison%2C+MJ%3BIwata%2C+M&rft.aulast=Hutchison&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Memoirs+of+the+Faculty+of+Fisheries%2C+Hokkaido+University&rft.issn=00183466&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aggressive behaviour; thyroid; life history; developmental stages; Anadromous migrations; serological studies; migratory species; Oncorhynchus masou; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of carrying devices on breeding royal penguins AN - 16088080; 4116193 AB - The impact of Time Depth Recorders (TDRs) and VHF transmitters, deployed on Royal Penguins (Eudyptes schlegeli) to examine foraging behavior, was assessed during all stages of the breeding season. Models of the devices were attached to penguins and compared to control birds with no devices. There were no impacts from transmitters on probability of return from a foraging trip, foraging trip duration, mass gained, water influx, or body composition, but substantial impacts from the TDRs. Attachment of TDRs (1) reduced the likelihood that penguins would continue the breeding attempt, (2) increased foraging trip duration, (3) increased water influx, and (4) decreased fat levels. The effects varied with sex and stage in the breeding season, which appeared to be related to the energetic demands of the stage in the breeding season. TDRs probably increased drag, affecting swimming speed and foraging success. The differential impact of the devices is most likely related to their cross-sectional area and streamlining, with TDRs being larger and less streamlined than transmitters. JF - Condor AU - Hull, CL AD - Zool. Dep., Univ. Tasmania, GPO Box 252C, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 530 EP - 534 VL - 99 IS - 2 SN - 0010-5422, 0010-5422 KW - Australia, Macquarie I. KW - biotelemetry KW - breeding status KW - feeding behaviour KW - foraging behavior KW - marine birds KW - radio-tagging KW - sonic tags KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Eudyptes schlegeli KW - PSE, South Pacific, Macquarie I. KW - tracking KW - Q1 08382:Ecological techniques and apparatus KW - Y 25866:Birds KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - O 1090:Instruments/Methods KW - O 1050:Vertebrates, Urochordates and Cephalochordates KW - Q1 08364:Reproduction and development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16088080?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+carrying+devices+on+breeding+royal+penguins&rft.au=Hull%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Hull&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=530&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sonic tags; tracking; feeding behaviour; biotelemetry; marine birds; foraging behavior; breeding status; radio-tagging; Eudyptes schlegeli; PSE, South Pacific, Macquarie I.; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of root water extraction on wetted regions from continuous irrigation sources AN - 16056198; 4101827 AB - Analytical studies of flow from irrigation sources into regions of root water uptake typically require the root distribution and the local water extraction rate as data of the problem. In reality, these are strongly influenced by local soil water content and, hence, position relative to the source. This work introduces a model with moisture-dependent root water extraction rate, so that the spatial distribution of uptake is no longer a datum, but emerges as part of the solution. For a diversity or conditions we obtain simple steady solutions describing the interactions between continuous sources and regions of wetting and water extraction. It is shown that as the uptake rate increases, the region decreases markedly in size and becomes more symmetrical in the vertical; for sources at depths that are small relative to the sorptive length, interaction with the surface becomes important; surface evaporation losses significantly reduce the region and increase asymmetry; with non-evaporating surfaces, the region is larger and more symmetrical. The dimensionless coefficient beta , proportional to the ratio of the local extraction rate to the Kirchhoff potential, determines behaviour. Estimating beta under controlled and field conditions is discussed. JF - Irrigation Science AU - Philip, J R AD - CSIRO Cent. for Environ. Mechanics, GPO Box 821, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 127 EP - 135 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0342-7188, 0342-7188 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - absorption KW - spatial distribution KW - model studies KW - roots KW - Plants KW - Moisture Content KW - wetting KW - irrigation KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16056198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irrigation+Science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+root+water+extraction+on+wetted+regions+from+continuous+irrigation+sources&rft.au=Philip%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Philip&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Irrigation+Science&rft.issn=03427188&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plants; Moisture Content; spatial distribution; soil water; roots; wetting; absorption; irrigation; model studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk factors in dengue shock syndrome AN - 16054745; 4091119 AB - Despite a growing body of evidence predominantly, but not exclusively, from Thailand suggesting that the risk of developing dengue shock syndrome (DSS) is greatest following an anamnestic dengue infection, particularly if the most recent infection was with dengue 2 virus, there continues to be debate about the justification for these claims. This report describes a five-year, prospective study in two townships (suburbs) in Yangon (Rangoon) Myanmar (Burma) in which attempts were made to confirm the data from an earlier prospective study in Thailand and to address some of the criticism of earlier studies. This investigation found the incidence of anamnestic dengue infections in DSS patients to be significantly higher than in the community from which they were drawn and a significantly higher risk of developing DSS following an anamnestic infection (particularly with dengue 2 virus) than following a primary infection with any serotype. JF - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene AU - Thein, S AU - Aung, M M AU - Shwe, T N AU - Aye, M AU - Zaw, A AU - Aye, K AU - Aye, K M AU - Aaskov, J AD - Sch. Life Sci., Queensland Univ. Technol., GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Australia Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 566 EP - 572 VL - 56 IS - 5 SN - 0002-9637, 0002-9637 KW - infection KW - urban populations KW - seroepidemiology KW - urban areas KW - Risk Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Thailand KW - children KW - dengue virus KW - V 22123:Epidemiology KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16054745?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Tropical+Medicine+and+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Risk+factors+in+dengue+shock+syndrome&rft.au=Thein%2C+S%3BAung%2C+M+M%3BShwe%2C+T+N%3BAye%2C+M%3BZaw%2C+A%3BAye%2C+K%3BAye%2C+K+M%3BAaskov%2C+J&rft.aulast=Thein&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=566&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Tropical+Medicine+and+Hygiene&rft.issn=00029637&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - dengue virus; Thailand; children; urban areas; urban populations; seroepidemiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Removal of dissolved copper and iron at the freshwater-saltwater interface of an acid mine stream AN - 16033659; 4096339 AB - The King River, Tasmania, contains elevated levels of heavy metals, in particular copper, a result of the discharge of mine tailings and acid mine water from the Mt Lyell copper mine, which operated until late 1994. Samples were collected from the lower King River in July 1994, over a 48-h period, during which time the power station at the head of the river was off for the first 24 h. Saline water was observed in the delta region during this low flow period, and dissolved iron and copper were found to exhibit nonconservative behaviour with salinity. Removal of dissolved copper, as the river enters the harbour, was confirmed by laboratory experiments. The removal mechanism appears to be dependent on rapid pH increases and the formation of amorphous iron flocs which occur in the estuary, and results in a significant proportion of dissolved copper being removed from solution. JF - Marine Pollution Bulletin AU - Featherstone, A M AU - O'Grady, B V AD - Dep. Chem., Univ. Tasmania, GPO Box 252C, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 332 EP - 337 VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 0025-326X, 0025-326X KW - Australia, Tasmania, King R. KW - acid mine drainage KW - acidic wastes KW - estuarine chemistry KW - interfaces KW - mine tailings KW - mining KW - pH effects KW - saline intrusion KW - saline water intrusion KW - saline-freshwater interfaces KW - salinity effects KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - copper KW - wastewater treatment KW - iron KW - estuaries KW - heavy metals KW - Brackish KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - O 4080:Pollution - Control and Prevention KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16033659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Removal+of+dissolved+copper+and+iron+at+the+freshwater-saltwater+interface+of+an+acid+mine+stream&rft.au=Featherstone%2C+A+M%3BO%27Grady%2C+B+V&rft.aulast=Featherstone&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=332&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&rft.issn=0025326X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - estuaries; salinity effects; mining; copper; saline intrusion; wastewater treatment; interfaces; estuarine chemistry; mine tailings; pH effects; heavy metals; iron; acidic wastes; saline water intrusion; acid mine drainage; saline-freshwater interfaces; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nutritional properties of microalgae for mariculture AN - 16029833; 4089564 AB - Microalgae are used in mariculture as live feeds for all growth stages of molluscs, for the larval stages of crustaceans and some fish species, and for zooplankton used in mariculture food chains. In order to be nutritionally sufficient, microalgae must supply a balanced mixture of nutrients. We have studied the biochemical composition of about 40 species of microalgae from seven algal classes to define those that may be best adapted to the Australian conditions.Microalgae varied in their proportions of protein (6-52%), carbohydrate (5-23%) and lipid (7-23%). All species had similar amino acid composition, and were rich in the essential amino acids. Microalgal polysaccharides were variable in sugar composition, but most had high proportions of glucose (21-87%). Diatoms, prymnesiophytes, cryptomonads and eustigmatophytes were rich in one or both of the 20:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids important for marine fish larvae (5-35% total fatty acids), prasinophytes had low to moderate levels of one of the acids (4-10%) whereas chlorophytes were deficient in both acids (0-3%). All species had relatively high concentrations of ascorbic acid (1-16 mg g-1 dry weight) and riboflavin (20-40 mu g g-1).The likely nutritional values of the microalgae, based on their biochemical composition, are discussed. JF - Aquaculture AU - Brown, M R AU - Jeffrey, S W AU - Volkman, J K AU - Dunstan, G A AD - CSIRO Division of Marine Research, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 315 EP - 331 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 151 IS - 1-4 SN - 0044-8486, 0044-8486 KW - algal culture KW - ascorbic acid KW - fatty acid composition KW - feeds KW - nutritional requirements KW - riboflavin KW - vitamin C KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Marine KW - lipids KW - algae KW - aquaculture KW - carbohydrates KW - proteins KW - K 03097:Food microbiology & fermentation KW - O 5060:Aquaculture KW - Q3 08585:Plant culture KW - Q1 08585:Plant culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16029833?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Nutritional+properties+of+microalgae+for+mariculture&rft.au=Brown%2C+M+R%3BJeffrey%2C+S+W%3BVolkman%2C+J+K%3BDunstan%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture&rft.issn=00448486&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nutritional requirements; lipids; algal culture; aquaculture; carbohydrates; algae; proteins; vitamin C; feeds; fatty acid composition; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and characterization of a basic cell surface-located protein from Lactobacillus fermentum BR11 AN - 15981206; 4068614 AB - Extraction of Lactobacillus fermentum BR11 cells with 5 M LiCl yielded a preparation containing a single predominant polypeptide with an apparent molecular mass of 32 kDa. A clone encoding an immunoreactive 32-kDa polypeptide was isolated from a pUC18 library of L. fermentum BR11 DNA by screening with an antiserum raised against whole cells of L. fermentum BR11. Sequence determination of the insert in the clone revealed a complete 795-bp open reading frame (ORF) that defines a 28,625-Da polypeptide (BspA). N-terminal sequencing of the LiCl-extracted polypeptide from L. fermentum BR11 confirmed that it is the same as the cloned BspA. BspA was found to have a sequence similar to those of family III of the bacterial solute-binding proteins. The sequences of two ORFs upstream of bspA are consistent with bspA being located in an operon encoding an ATP-binding cassette-type uptake system. Unusually, BspA contains no lipoprotein cleavage and attachment motif (LXXC), despite its origin in a gram-positive bacterium. Biotin labelling and trypsin digestion of whole cells indicated that this polypeptide is exposed on the cell surface. The isoelectric point as predicted from the putative mature sequence is 10.59. It was consequently hypothesized that the positively charged BspA is anchored by electrostatic interaction with acidic groups on the cell surface. It was shown that BspA could be selectively removed from the surface by extraction with an acidic buffer, thus supporting this hypothesis. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Turner AU - Timms, P AU - Hafner, L M AU - Giffard, P M AD - Cent. for Mol. Biotechnol., Sch. Life Sci., Queensland Univ. Technol., G.P.O. Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 3310 EP - 3316 VL - 179 IS - 10 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - cloning KW - nucleotide sequence KW - BspA protein KW - bspA gene KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Lactobacillus fermentum KW - cell surface KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15981206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Identification+and+characterization+of+a+basic+cell+surface-located+protein+from+Lactobacillus+fermentum+BR11&rft.au=Turner%3BTimms%2C+P%3BHafner%2C+L+M%3BGiffard%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=179&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3310&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lactobacillus fermentum; cell surface ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlation of Environmental Carbaryl Measurements with Serum and Urinary 1-Naphthol Measurements in a Farmer Applicator and His Family AN - 14451375; 10535944 AB - Estimation of human bioaccumulation of a pesticide from environmental measurements can result in underestimation of exposure. Farmers who apply carbaryl and their families were monitored for the parent compound and its metabolite, 1-naphthol, in serum and urine. Personal air samples and dermal samples were also obtained from the applicator. The personal air sample proved to be sufficient for determining the exposure of the applicator. However, for family members the absorbed dose could only be obtained from the biological data. Correlations were found between the parent compound and its metabolite, making either an acceptable biological indicator of exposure. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Shealy, Dana B AU - Barr, John R AU - Ashley, David L AU - Patterson, Donald G AU - Camann, David E AU - Bond, Andrew E Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 510 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - HEALTH SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL KW - MONITORING, AIR KW - BLOOD ANALYSIS KW - CARBARYL KW - PESTICIDE EXPOSURE KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14451375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Correlation+of+Environmental+Carbaryl+Measurements+with+Serum+and+Urinary+1-Naphthol+Measurements+in+a+Farmer+Applicator+and+His+Family&rft.au=Shealy%2C+Dana+B%3BBarr%2C+John+R%3BAshley%2C+David+L%3BPatterson%2C+Donald+G%3BCamann%2C+David+E%3BBond%2C+Andrew+E&rft.aulast=Shealy&rft.aufirst=Dana&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=510&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 6 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - MONITORING, AIR; HEALTH SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL; BLOOD ANALYSIS; CARBARYL; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alterations in Steroidogenesis in Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) Exposed Naturally and Experimentally to Environmental Contaminants AN - 14450292; 10535947 AB - Several parameters of endocrine function of alligators from a contaminated (Lake Apopka, Florida) and an uncontaminated lake was compared. Plasma testosterone and gonadal-adrenal mesonephros aromatase activity was decreased in juveniles from the contaminated lake, but 17 beta -estradiol levels were the same as levels in juveniles from the control lake. In a laboratory study, hatchlings that were exposed in the egg to compounds known to disrupt endocrine function showed that tamoxifen and 17 beta -estradiol exposure caused males to change to females. Aromatase activity was increased in these hatchlings. Exposure to vinclozolin did not affect either sex. Exposure to atrazine caused alterations in gonadal-adrenal mesonephros aromitase activity that were not characteristic of either sex, without alterations in differentiation of the testes. None of the parameters of endocrine function were altered by exposure to 2,4-D. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Crain, DAndrew AU - Guillette, Louis J AU - Rooney, Andrew A AU - Pickford, Daniel B Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 528 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - SEX COMPARISONS KW - ENZYME ACTIVITY KW - 2, 4D HERBICIDE KW - HORMONAL EFFECTS KW - FLORIDA KW - ATRAZINE KW - ALLIGATORS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14450292?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Alterations+in+Steroidogenesis+in+Alligators+%28Alligator+mississippiensis%29+Exposed+Naturally+and+Experimentally+to+Environmental+Contaminants&rft.au=Crain%2C+DAndrew%3BGuillette%2C+Louis+J%3BRooney%2C+Andrew+A%3BPickford%2C+Daniel+B&rft.aulast=Crain&rft.aufirst=DAndrew&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=528&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - SEX COMPARISONS; 2, 4D HERBICIDE; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ATRAZINE; HORMONAL EFFECTS; ALLIGATORS; FLORIDA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Talc and Amosite/Crocidolite Preferentially Deposited in the Lungs of Nonoccupational Female Lung Cancer Cases in Urban Areas of Japan AN - 14449965; 10535943 AB - Lungs from 211 women with and without lung cancer residing in urban areas of Japan were analyzed for the number of uncoated fibers (UFs) and ferruginous bodies (FBs) having lengths greater than 5 mu m and aspect ratios above three to one. Women with lung cancer had significantly more FBs and UFs than those with cancers other than lung cancer. The most common fiber meeting the length and aspect ratio criteria were chrysotile fibers. Phase contrast microscopy did not find most of these fibers. the next most common fibers were actinolite/tremolite fibers and fibrous talk. Intermediate size amosite/crocidolite were also found. Levels of this fiber and fibrous talc were greater in urban lung cancer patients than in urban patients with other cancers, rural lung cancer patients, and rural patients with other cancers. These results agreed with phase contrast microscopy results. Therefore, fibrous talc may be implicated as a carcinogen in cases of female lung cancer in urban environments. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Yamada, Hiroyuki AU - Hashimoto, Hisako AU - Akiyama, Masako AU - Kawabata, Yoshinori AU - Iwai, Kazuro Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 504 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - CANCER RISK KW - TALC KW - URBANRURAL COMPARISONS KW - JAPAN KW - PULMONARY DISORDERS KW - MINERAL FIBERS KW - CARCINOGENIC AGENTS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14449965?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Talc+and+Amosite%2FCrocidolite+Preferentially+Deposited+in+the+Lungs+of+Nonoccupational+Female+Lung+Cancer+Cases+in+Urban+Areas+of+Japan&rft.au=Yamada%2C+Hiroyuki%3BHashimoto%2C+Hisako%3BAkiyama%2C+Masako%3BKawabata%2C+Yoshinori%3BIwai%2C+Kazuro&rft.aulast=Yamada&rft.aufirst=Hiroyuki&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=504&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 11 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - CANCER RISK; TALC; URBANRURAL COMPARISONS; MINERAL FIBERS; CARCINOGENIC AGENTS; JAPAN; PULMONARY DISORDERS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High Lead Exposure and Auditory Sensory-Neural Function in Andean Children AN - 14449673; 10535946 AB - Auditory sensory-neural function was measured in 62 Ecuadoran children from a lead contaminated region and 14 Ecuadorans from a gold mining region with no known lead exposure. Blood mercury and lead levels were also obtained. Median blood lead levels in exposed and unexposed children were 52.6 mu g/dl and 6.4 mu g/dl, respectively. For all blood lead concentrations, pure tone frequency auditory thresholds were normal. In addition, absolute peak and interpeak latencies were normal in seven subjects having high blood lead concentrations. Blood mercury levels were unrelated to auditory function. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Counter, SAllen AU - Vahter, Marie AU - Laurell, Goran AU - Buchanan, Leo H AU - Ortega, Fernando AU - Skerfving, Staffan Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 522 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - HEARING LOSS KW - POPULATION SAMPLING KW - BIOLOGY, CHILDREN KW - BLOOD LEAD LEVEL KW - AREA COMPARISONS KW - ECUADOR KW - MERCURY KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14449673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=High+Lead+Exposure+and+Auditory+Sensory-Neural+Function+in+Andean+Children&rft.au=Counter%2C+SAllen%3BVahter%2C+Marie%3BLaurell%2C+Goran%3BBuchanan%2C+Leo+H%3BOrtega%2C+Fernando%3BSkerfving%2C+Staffan&rft.aulast=Counter&rft.aufirst=SAllen&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=522&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 9 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - AREA COMPARISONS; HEARING LOSS; ECUADOR; POPULATION SAMPLING; BIOLOGY, CHILDREN; BLOOD LEAD LEVEL; MERCURY ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association Between Air Pollution and low Birth Weight: A Community-Based Study AN - 14449420; 10535945 AB - Exposure to polluted air during all or part of pregnancy was investigated in relation to birth weight of offspring. From 1988 to 1991 women from four locations in Beijing, China were followed during pregnancy. More than 76,000 first births of gestational age between 37 and 44 weeks were included in the sample. A significant relationship between low birth rate and third trimester exposure to sulfur dioxide and total suspended particulates and low birth weight was found. For every increase of 100 mu g/m super(3) in sulfur dioxide and total suspended particulates birth weight was reduced by 7.3 and 6.9 g, respectively. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Wang, Xiaobin AU - Ding, Hui AU - Ryan, Louise AU - Xu, Xiping Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 514 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - SULFUR DIOXIDE KW - AIR POLLUTANTS KW - CHINA, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC KW - PUBLIC HEALTH KW - PARTICULATES KW - REPRODUCTION, HUMAN KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14449420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Association+Between+Air+Pollution+and+low+Birth+Weight%3A+A+Community-Based+Study&rft.au=Wang%2C+Xiaobin%3BDing%2C+Hui%3BRyan%2C+Louise%3BXu%2C+Xiping&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Xiaobin&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=514&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 6 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - SULFUR DIOXIDE; AIR POLLUTANTS; REPRODUCTION, HUMAN; PUBLIC HEALTH; CHINA, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC; PARTICULATES ER - TY - GEN T1 - Reauthorization of the National Endowment for the Arts and Humanities: A Focus on Education. Hearing on Examining Proposed Legislation Authorizing Funds for the National Endowment for the Arts and the Humanities, Focusing on the Educational Programs of the Endowments, before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session. AN - 62501196; ED413281 AB - This document is a record of the proceedings of the Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources' discussion on reauthorization of the National Endowment for the Arts and the National Endowment for the Humanities. The particular focus of the hearing is education and how both endowments support the arts in schools. Comments from Senators James M. Jeffords and Edward M. Kennedy are recorded along with testimony by National Endowment for the Humanities chairman, Sheldon Hackney and National Endowment for the Arts chairman, Jane Alexander. Statements are also made by: Edward L. Ayers, project director, professor of history; Jeff Hooper, producing artistic director, Mad River Theatre Works; Alicia B. Dandridge, sixth grade teacher; Marie H. Reed, Community Learning Center, accompanied by Juanita Beasley and Kessia Cruz, former students; and Victor R. Swenson, executive director, Vermont Council on the Humanities. Statements, articles, publications, letters, etc. are appended. Testimony describes activities made possible by funding from both endowments. Included in the document are reports and empirical data pertaining to arts and humanities education, grant reports, regulatory reports concerning grant recipients, and lists of institutions receiving grants. (RJC) Y1 - 1997/04/29/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Apr 29 SP - 151 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160551013 KW - Congress 105th KW - National Endowment for the Arts KW - National Endowment for the Humanities KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Government Role KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Art Education KW - Visual Arts KW - Endowment Funds KW - Fine Arts KW - Theater Arts KW - Hearings KW - Humanities KW - Government Publications KW - Drama UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62501196?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Overview of Vocational Education. Hearing on Examining the Status of Vocational Assistance and Its Role in Workforce Development and the Administration's Views on Reforming the Federal Investment in Vocational Education, of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session. AN - 62500672; ED415436 AB - This congressional report contains testimony examining the status of vocational assistance and its role in work force development and the Clinton Administration's views on reforming the federal investment in vocational education. Testimony was provided by two U.S. senators (James M. Jeffords, Vermont; Edward M. Kennedy, Massachusetts) and representatives of the following agencies and organizations: U.S. Department of Education; American Federation of Teachers; Vocational Education Task Force; National Center for Research in Vocational Education; Information Technology Association of America; New Urban High School Project; Clark-Theders Insurance Group; Center for Occupational Research and Development; and Office of Vocational and Technical Education of the Mississippi Department of Education. The following were among the topics discussed: the adequacy of vocational education policy and practices for the 21st century; the role of community and technical colleges in labor force development; career guidance and counseling services provided through the Perkins Act; proposed changes in the Perkins Act to streamline the vocational education system, improve it, and increase its flexibility and accountability; vocational education funding formulas and financing; school-to-work; national skill standards; business and industry views regrading the role of vocational education and skills needed for the work; work-based learning; and vocational education in urban settings. (MN) Y1 - 1997/04/24/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Apr 24 SP - 73 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160551021 KW - Carl D Perkins Voc and Appl Techn Educ Act 1990 KW - Congress 105th KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Two Year Colleges KW - Public Policy KW - Career Guidance KW - Educational Needs KW - Employment Qualifications KW - National Standards KW - Work Experience Programs KW - Educational Change KW - Hearings KW - Labor Force Development KW - Education Work Relationship KW - Technical Institutes KW - Financial Support KW - Educational Legislation KW - Educational Objectives KW - Urban Education KW - School Business Relationship KW - Educational Improvement KW - Secondary Education KW - Information Technology KW - Career Counseling KW - Program Improvement KW - Federal Legislation KW - Policy Formation KW - Educational Policy KW - Community Colleges KW - Vocational Education KW - Role of Education KW - Educational Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62500672?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Improving the Health Status of Children. Hearing on Examining Proposals To Improve the Health Status of Children, Including S. 435 and S. 525, Focusing on Pediatric Care, Public Health, Mental Health, and Substance Abuse Issues. Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session. AN - 62514408; ED414009 AB - These hearings transcripts present testimony before the Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources to address the question of how to improve the health care status of American children. The hearings addressed a range of issues relating to children's health from witnesses with expertise in pediatric care, public health, mental health, and substance abuse. Each witness addressed the following four questions: (1) "What are the health-related needs of children that we should work to fulfill?"; (2) "How can we better address children's health needs through improvements to federally-funded public health programs?"; (3) "How do you propose we address the problem of ensuring health coverage to children who are currently uninsured, and what should be the Federal role in that endeavor?"; and (4) "How might we encourage the private sector to participate in partnerships with our Government and community organizations to address the needs of children?" Specific child health issues addressed by a variety of witnesses included pediatric illness, children not covered by health insurance, quality care, substance abuse, care delivery systems, child and adolescent psychiatric services, oral health, and prenatal care. Speakers included Senators Orrin G. Hatch (Utah), Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts) and Barbara A. Mikulski (Maryland); Secretary of Health and Human Services Donna Shalala; hospital administrators and other administrators of organizations concerned with child health. (Author/SD) Y1 - 1997/04/18/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Apr 18 SP - 112 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160551757 KW - Congress 105th KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Health Programs KW - Substance Abuse KW - Pediatrics KW - Child Health KW - Childhood Needs KW - Prenatal Care KW - Mental Health KW - Children KW - Child Welfare KW - Health Promotion KW - Health Services KW - Health Needs KW - Dental Health KW - Health Insurance KW - Child Advocacy KW - Hearings KW - Preventive Medicine KW - Diseases KW - Physical Health KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62514408?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Do We Still Need Controlled Vocabulary? Of Course, We Do! But How Do We Get It: The Roles for Text Analysis Softwares. AN - 62597915; ED406996 AB - The author argues that traditional library cataloging (MARC) and the online public access catalog (OPAC) are in collision with the world of the Internet because items in electronic formats undergo MARC cataloging only on a very selective basis. Also the library profession initially isolated itself from World Wide Web development by predicting no real need for universal access, by ignoring large areas of human creativity, and by de-emphasizing "ephemeral" resources. This paper recommends a constructive merger of the best of both worlds--the full text analysis provided by web search engines and the controlled vocabularies found in library OPACs. The Congressional Research Service (CRS) is being used as a testbed to examine relevant techniques. Three of the major text analysis technologies are natural language processing, case-based reasoning, and adaptive learning. As part of "the new OPAC," the Experimental Search System (ESS) is one of the Library of Congress' first efforts to make selected cataloging and digital library resources available over the World Wide Web by means of a single, point-and-click interface. Perhaps even more promising is the idea of using large MARC databases to generate word clusters associated with controlled vocabulary terms and classifications. Six commercial text analysis software products are reviewed in the Appendix, using a comparative table. These tools, many of them associated with major search engine vendors, may support automatic classification and document analysis, thereby increasing cataloger productivity. (AEF) AU - Greenfield, Rich Y1 - 1997/04/16/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Apr 16 SP - 35 KW - Congressional Research Service KW - Document Analysis KW - Search Engines KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Technological Advancement KW - Authority Control (Information) KW - World Wide Web KW - Bibliographic Records KW - Online Catalogs KW - Library Development KW - Comparative Analysis KW - Information Technology KW - Electronic Libraries KW - Access to Information KW - Library Catalogs KW - Automatic Indexing KW - Standards KW - Computer Software Evaluation KW - Cataloging KW - Internet KW - Information Networks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62597915?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Paper presented at the CENDI Cataloging Working Gr N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - [U.S. Assistance in Spanish Case against Augusto Pinochet] AN - 1679128135; CL02774 AB - Urges U.S. to grant Spain's request for access to archived U.S. information for use in case against Pinochet regime for crimes against humanity, terrorism, and other human rights violations committed during 1973-1990 in Chile or abroad. AU - United States. Congress. House AD - United States. Congress. House PY - 1997 SP - 3 KW - Reno, Janet KW - Shattuck, John H.F. KW - Argentina KW - Counterinsurgency KW - Crime KW - Genocide KW - Horman, Charles and Frank Teruggi, Jr. Murders (1973) KW - Human rights violations KW - Information management KW - Italy KW - Judicial proceedings KW - Mexico KW - Rule of law KW - Spain KW - Spain-United States Treaty on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters (1993) KW - Terrorism KW - Teruggi, Frank, Jr. KW - Horman, Charles KW - Townley, Michael V. ("Juan Williams Rose") KW - Moffitt, Ronni Karpen KW - Letelier, Orlando KW - Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto KW - Teruggi, Frank, Jr. KW - Horman, Charles KW - Townley, Michael V. ("Juan Williams Rose") KW - Moffitt, Ronni Karpen KW - Letelier, Orlando KW - Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1679128135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Adnsa_cl&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=%5BU.S.+Assistance+in+Spanish+Case+against+Augusto+Pinochet%5D&rft.au=United+States.+Congress.+House&rft.aulast=United+States.+Congress.+House&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-04-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Digital National Security Archive N1 - Name - United States. Department of Justice; United States. Department of State; United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation N1 - Analyte descriptor - NSA document type: Letter N1 - People - Horman, Charles; Letelier, Orlando; Moffitt, Ronni Karpen; Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto; Teruggi, Frank, Jr.; Townley, Michael V. ("Juan Williams Rose") N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foreign relations of the United States 1961-1963 - Vietnam AN - 839061346; 1652563 JF - International affairs [London] AU - Warner, Geoffrey AU - Warner, Geoffrey Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 333 EP - 350 PB - United States Government Printing Office VL - 73 IS - 2 SN - 0020-5850, 0020-5850 KW - Political Science KW - Foreign policy KW - Vietnam War KW - Government information KW - U.S.A. KW - Foreign relations KW - Vietnam UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/839061346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+affairs+%5BLondon%5D&rft.atitle=Foreign+relations+of+the+United+States+1961-1963+-+Vietnam&rft.au=Warner%2C+Geoffrey&rft.aulast=Warner&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+affairs+%5BLondon%5D&rft.issn=00205850&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - SuppNotes - Vols II (1962), III (Jan-Aug 1963), IV (Aug-Dec 1963) N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 5205; 5200 5574 10472; 13316 13443 2698; 5568 6515; 433 293 14; 449 393 30 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Findings from Education and the Economy: An Indicators Report. AN - 62603035; ED409617 AB - The productivity of the U.S. work force is a primary determinant of the standard of living of the U.S. population. Worker productivity is affected by many factors, including the education and skills of the work force. This handbook highlights several measures of productivity and education, and addresses the link between these two sets of measures. The handbook provides data on the following subjects: the trends in worker productivity and the contribution of education; the economic consequences of education for individuals; educational achievement; adult literacy; and the training of labor force participants. The data suggest that American workers are more productive, on average, than workers in any other country; however, worker productivity in several industrialized countries is gradually catching up to that in the U.S. The education of the work force is growing more rapidly in other countries than in the U.S. Although the U.S. leads almost every other industrialized country in college attainment, and the academic achievement of American students has been improving in recent years, U.S. students still tend to lag behind students in other countries with respect to some measures of achievement, particularly in mathematics and science. Finally, when compared with other countries that have tested literacy, the U.S. has a higher concentration of adults who score at the lowest literacy levels. Sixteen figures are included. (LMI) AU - Decker, Paul T. Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 31 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160490359 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Adult Literacy KW - National Norms KW - Scores KW - Academic Achievement KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Higher Education KW - Educational Attainment KW - Job Training KW - Employment Patterns KW - Performance KW - Educational Economics KW - Productivity KW - Labor Force Development KW - Education Work Relationship UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62603035?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Student Participation in Community Service Activity. 1996 National Household Education Survey. Statistical Analysis Report. AN - 62602991; ED407548 AB - A study used data from the 1996 National Household Education Survey, Youth Civic Involvement component, to determine how students in grades 6-12 were involved in community service activities and how schools might encourage community service participation and integrate it with classroom learning. Some of the results are as follows: (1) about half the students interviewed in grades 6-12 said they participated in community service during the 1995-96 school year; (2) native English-speaking, female, white, 11th- and 12th-grade students who received high grades and were involved in many activities were most likely to participate; (3) students attending a private or church-related school whose parents had college degrees and who participated in community service were most likely to participate; (4) 86 percent of all students were in schools that encouraged community service, either through requiring participation or by arranging or offering it, and students in these schools were more likely to participate; (5) public schools were more likely to arrange but not require community service, whereas private schools were split between those that arranged community service and those that required it; and (6) about half the students who participated regularly in community service said that their service was incorporated into the school curriculum (service learning). (30 references) (KC) AU - Nolin, Mary Jo Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 49 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160490448 KW - National Household Education Survey KW - Youth Community Service KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - School Community Relationship KW - School Community Programs KW - Educational Practices KW - Citizenship Education KW - Student Volunteers KW - Service Learning KW - Student Participation KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Secondary Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62602991?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Education and the Economy: An Indicators Report. AN - 62598282; ED407735 AB - Education is an important contributor to productivity growth and has a major influence on the standard of living of the U.S. population. Economic productivity depends on human as well as physical capital. This report is the first in a series of indicator reports recommended by the congressionally mandated Special Study Panel on Education Indicators. The report examines the link between education and economic productivity from different angles using a variety of data sources. It first presents indicators related to historical trends in worker productivity in the United States and other countries and the contribution of education to these trends. The report also considers the link between education and productivity at the individual level, focusing on the economic consequences of educational attainment, educational achievement, and adult literacy. The link between worker training and productivity is also explored. Finally, the report compares key measures of educational performance in the U.S. with corresponding measures in other countries. The indicators in the report come from many data sources, including the National Center for Education Statistics as well as other federal and international statistical agencies. The report examines the existing research on the indicators and related issues, presenting arguments and conclusions from researchers on all sides of the issues. Eight tables and 57 figures are included. (Contains 88 references). (LMI) AU - Decker, Paul T. Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 131 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-97-269 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Adult Literacy KW - Academic Achievement KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - International Education KW - Economic Development KW - Educational Attainment KW - Job Training KW - Economic Impact KW - Developed Nations KW - Labor Economics KW - Productivity KW - Labor Force Development KW - Educational Status Comparison KW - Education Work Relationship UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62598282?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A national security strategy of engagement and enlargement AN - 38566138; 1801981 JF - Orbis AU - Berkowitz, Bruce D AU - Berkowitz, Bruce D Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 299 EP - 307 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0030-4387, 0030-4387 KW - Political Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/38566138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Orbis&rft.atitle=A+national+security+strategy+of+engagement+and+enlargement&rft.au=Berkowitz%2C+Bruce+D&rft.aulast=Berkowitz&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Orbis&rft.issn=00304387&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hormone-associated cancer: mechanistic similarities between human breast cancer and estrogen-induced kidney carcinogenesis in hamsters. AN - 21270492; 11701792 AB - Estrogens are risk factors for human breast cancer and induce kidney tumors in Syrian hamsters. Mechanistic features of the estrogen-induced hamster kidney tumor model have been compared with corresponding aspects of human breast cancer to gain insight into the mechanism of human mammary oncogenesis. Shared characteristics point to a mechanism of metabolic activation of steroidal estrogens to 4-hydroxylated catechol metabolites that may undergo metabolic redox cycling, a mechanism of generation of reactive free radicals. Tumors may arise in cells genetically altered by various types of estrogen-induced DNA damage. At the same time, these altered cells may respond to estrogen receptor-mediated stimuli in support of cell transformation and growth. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Liehr, J G AD - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-1031, USA., jliehr@marlin.utmb.edu Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 565 EP - 569 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Kidney KW - DNA KW - Breast cancer KW - tumors KW - Metabolites KW - Cancer KW - estrogens KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21270492?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Hormone-associated+cancer%3A+mechanistic+similarities+between+human+breast+cancer+and+estrogen-induced+kidney+carcinogenesis+in+hamsters.&rft.au=Liehr%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Liehr&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+3&rft.spage=565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carcinogenesis; DNA; Kidney; Breast cancer; Metabolites; tumors; Cancer; estrogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A pilot study of urinary estrogen metabolites (16alpha-OHE1 and 2-OHE1) in postmenopausal women with and without breast cancer. AN - 21263263; 11701796 AB - The two main pathways for metabolizing estrogen are via 16alpha-hydroxylation and 2-hydroxylation. The 16alpha-hydroxy metabolites are biologically active; the 2-hydroxy metabolites are not. It is suggested that women who metabolize a larger proportion of their endogenous estrogen via the 16alpha-hydroxy pathway may be at significantly elevated risk of breast cancer compared with women who metabolize proportionally more estrogen via the 2-hydroxy pathway. In particular, it is suggested that the ratio of urinary 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1) to 16alpha-hydroxyestrone (16alpha-OHE1) is an index of reduced breast cancer risk. This pilot study compared this ratio in postmenopausal women diagnosed with breast cancer to those of healthy controls. Urinary concentrations of estrone (E1), 17beta-estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3) were also quantified. White women who were subjects in a previous breast cancer case-control study at our institution were eligible for inclusion. All participants provided a sample of their first morning urine. The results from the first 25 cases and 23 controls are presented here. The ratio of 2-OHE1 to 16alpha-OHE1 was 12% lower in the cases (p=0.58). However, urinary E1 was 30% higher (p=0.10), E2 was 58% higher (p=0.07), E3 was 15% higher (p=0.48), and the sum of E1, E2, and E3 was 22% higher (p=0.16) in the cases. These preliminary results do not support the hypothesis that the ratio of the two hydroxylation metabolites (2-OHE1/16alpha-OHE1) is an important risk factor for breast cancer or that it is a better predictor of breast cancer risk than levels of E1, E2 and E3 measured in urine. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Ursin, G AU - London, S AU - Stanczyk, F Z AU - Gentzschein, E AU - Paganini-Hill, A AU - Ross, R K AU - Pike, M C AD - Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles 90033-0800, USA., gursin@hsc.nsc.edu Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 601 EP - 605 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - post-menopause KW - Urine KW - Breast cancer KW - Metabolites KW - Females KW - Cancer KW - estrogens KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21263263?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=A+pilot+study+of+urinary+estrogen+metabolites+%2816alpha-OHE1+and+2-OHE1%29+in+postmenopausal+women+with+and+without+breast+cancer.&rft.au=Ursin%2C+G%3BLondon%2C+S%3BStanczyk%2C+F+Z%3BGentzschein%2C+E%3BPaganini-Hill%2C+A%3BRoss%2C+R+K%3BPike%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Ursin&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+3&rft.spage=601&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - post-menopause; Urine; Breast cancer; Metabolites; Females; Cancer; estrogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estrogenic and DNA-damaging activity of Red No. 3 in human breast cancer cells. AN - 21258714; 11703683 AB - Exposure to pesticides, dyes, and pollutants that mimic the growth promoting effects of estrogen may cause breast cancer. The pesticide DDT and the food colorant Red No. 3 were found to increase the growth of HTB 133 but not estrogen receptor (ER) negative human breast cells (HTB 125) or rat liver epithelial cells (RLE). Red No. 3, beta-estradiol, and DDT increase ER site-specific DNA binding to the estrogen response element in HTB 133 cells and increase cyclin-dependent kinase 2 activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Site-specific DNA binding by p53 in RLE, HTB 125, HTB 133, and MCF-7 cells was increased when they were treated with Red No. 3, which suggests that cellular DNA was damaged by this colorant. Red No. 3 increased binding of the ER from MCF-7 cells to the estrogen-responsive element. Consumption of Red No. 3, which has estrogenlike growth stimulatory properties and may be genotoxic, could be a significant risk factor in human breast carcinogenesis. Images Figure 4. A Figure 4. B Figure 5. A Figure 5. B Figure 6. Figure 7. A Figure 7. B Figure 7. C JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Dees, C AU - Askari, M AU - Garrett, S AU - Gehrs, K AU - Henley, D AU - Ardies, C M AD - Health Sciences Research Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, USA, genase@aol.com Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 625 EP - 632 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Epithelial cells KW - Hepatocytes KW - Food KW - Insecticides KW - Pollutants KW - Risk factors KW - Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 KW - Regulatory sequences KW - Genotoxicity KW - Cancer KW - p53 protein KW - Dyes KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Pesticides KW - DDT KW - DNA KW - Liver KW - Breast cancer KW - Estrogen receptors KW - estrogens KW - N 14835:Protein-Nucleic Acids Association KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21258714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Estrogenic+and+DNA-damaging+activity+of+Red+No.+3+in+human+breast+cancer+cells.&rft.au=Dees%2C+C%3BAskari%2C+M%3BGarrett%2C+S%3BGehrs%2C+K%3BHenley%2C+D%3BArdies%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Dees&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+3&rft.spage=625&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Epithelial cells; Hepatocytes; Regulatory sequences; Food; Genotoxicity; p53 protein; Pollutants; Dyes; Risk factors; DDT; Pesticides; Carcinogenesis; Breast cancer; Cyclin-dependent kinase 2; Estrogen receptors; Insecticides; Liver; DNA; Cancer; estrogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medical hypothesis: bifunctional genetic-hormonal pathways to breast cancer. AN - 21251306; 11703684 AB - As inherited germ line mutations, such as loss of BRCA1 or AT, account for less than 5% of all breast cancer, most cases involve acquired somatic perturbations. Cumulative lifetime exposure to bioavailable estradiol links most known risk factors (except radiation) for breast cancer. Based on a series of recent experimental and epidemiologic findings, we hypothesize that the multistep process of breast carcinogenesis results from exposure to endogenous or exogenous hormones, including phytoestrogens that directly or indirectly alter estrogen metabolism. Xenohormones are defined as xenobiotic materials that modify hormonal production; they can work bifunctionally, through genetic or hormonal paths, depending on the periods and extent of exposure. As for genetic paths, xenohormones can modify DNA structure or function. As for hormonal paths, two distinct mechanisms can influence the potential for aberrant cell growth: compounds can directly bind with endogenous hormone or growth factor receptors affecting cell proliferation or compounds can modify breast cell proliferation altering the formation of hormone metabolites that influence epithelial-stromal interaction and growth regulation. Beneficial xenohormones, such as indole-3-carbinol, genistein, and other bioflavonoids, may reduce aberrant breast cell proliferation, and influence the rate of DNA repair or apoptosis and thereby influence the genetic or hormonal microenvironments. Upon validation with appropriate in vitro and in vivo studies, biologic markers of the risk for breast cancer, such as hormone metabolites, total bioavailable estradiol, and free radical generators can enhance cancer detection and prevention. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Davis, D L AU - Telang, N T AU - Osborne, M P AU - Bradlow, H L AD - World Resources Institute, Washington, DC 20006, USA., devra@wri.org Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 571 EP - 576 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Apoptosis KW - Metabolites KW - Xenobiotics KW - Hormones KW - Indole-3-carbinol KW - Bioavailability KW - Radiation KW - Risk factors KW - prevention KW - Phytoestrogens KW - growth factors KW - Estrogens KW - Free radicals KW - DNA repair KW - Cancer KW - Estradiol KW - DNA structure KW - microenvironments KW - Growth factor receptors KW - Carcinogenesis KW - DNA KW - BRCA1 protein KW - Breast cancer KW - Microenvironments KW - Cell proliferation KW - Mutation KW - Metabolism KW - Genistein KW - estrogens KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - G 07730:Development & Cell Cycle KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Medical+hypothesis%3A+bifunctional+genetic-hormonal+pathways+to+breast+cancer.&rft.au=Davis%2C+D+L%3BTelang%2C+N+T%3BOsborne%2C+M+P%3BBradlow%2C+H+L&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+3&rft.spage=571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Estrogens; Apoptosis; Free radicals; Metabolites; DNA repair; Hormones; Estradiol; Indole-3-carbinol; DNA structure; Radiation; Risk factors; Growth factor receptors; Carcinogenesis; Phytoestrogens; Microenvironments; Breast cancer; BRCA1 protein; Cell proliferation; Mutation; Genistein; Xenobiotics; Cancer; Bioavailability; microenvironments; DNA; prevention; growth factors; Metabolism; estrogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estrogenic activity of natural and synthetic estrogens in human breast cancer cells in culture. AN - 21250940; 11703680 AB - We investigated the estrogenic activity of various environmental pollutants (xenobiotics), in particular the xenoestrogen o,p-DDT, and compared their effects with those of endogenous estrogens, phytoestrogens, and mycoestrogens on estrogen receptor binding capacity, induction of estrogen end products, and activation of cell proliferation in estrogen-sensitive human breast cancer cells in monolayer culture. We also quantified the levels of phytoestrogens in extracts of some common foods, herbs, and spices and in human saliva following consumption of a high phytoestrogen food source (soy milk) to compare phytoestrogen abundance and bioavailability relative to the reported xenoestrogen burden in humans. Results show that natural endogenous estrogens, phytoestrogens, mycoestrogens, and xenoestrogens bind estrogen receptor (ER) in intact cells, but demonstrate marked differences in their ability to induce end products of estrogen action and to regulate cell proliferation. All of the different classes of estrogens stimulated cell proliferation at concentrations that half-saturated ER, but only some classes were able to induce estrogen-regulated end products. Genistein, a common phytoestrogen found in soy foods, differed from the xenoestrogen DDT in its effects on cell proliferation and ability to induce estrogen-regulated end products. Moreover, we found that many of the foods, herbs, and spices commonly consumed by humans contain significant amounts of phytoestrogens, and consumption of soy milk, a phytoestrogen-rich food, markedly increases the levels of phytoestrogens in saliva. In conclusion, our in vitro results predict that a diet high in phytoestrogens would significantly reduce the binding of weak xenoestrogens to ER in target tissues in vivo. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Zava, D T AU - Blen, M AU - Duwe, G AD - Aeron Biotechnology, San Leandro, California 94577, USA., aeron@aeron.com Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 637 EP - 645 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Milk KW - Insecticides KW - herbs KW - DDT KW - Breast cancer KW - relative abundance KW - Cancer KW - estrogens KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21250940?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Estrogenic+activity+of+natural+and+synthetic+estrogens+in+human+breast+cancer+cells+in+culture.&rft.au=Zava%2C+D+T%3BBlen%2C+M%3BDuwe%2C+G&rft.aulast=Zava&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+3&rft.spage=637&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Insecticides; Milk; herbs; DDT; relative abundance; Breast cancer; Cancer; estrogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Is there an association between exposure to environmental estrogens and breast cancer? AN - 21249889; 11704942 AB - It was initially reported that levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or p,p'-DDE were elevated in breast cancer patients (serum or tissue) versus controls. These results, coupled with reports that selected environmental estrogens decreased 17beta-estradiol (E2) 2-hydroxylase activity and increased the ratio of 16alpha-hydroxyestrone/2-hydroxyestrone metabolites in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, have led to the hypothesis that xenoestrogens are a preventable cause of breast cancer. More recent studies and analysis of organochlorine levels in breast cancer patients versus controls show that these contaminants are not elevated in the latter group. Moreover, occupational exposure to relatively high levels of PCBs and DDT/DDE are not associated with an increased incidence of breast cancer. A reexamination of the radiometric E2 2-hydroxylase assay in MCF-7 cells with diverse estrogens, antiestrogens, and carcinogens showed that the mammary carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene induced this response and the antiestrogen ICI 164,384 decreased E2 2-hydroxylase activity. Thus, E2 2-hydroxylase activity and the 16alpha-hydroxyestrone/2-hydroxyestrone metabolite ratio in MCF-7 cells does not predict xenoestrogens or mammary carcinogens. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Safe, S H AD - Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-4466, USA., ssafe@cvm.tamu.edu Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 675 EP - 678 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Organochlorine compounds KW - DDE KW - Metabolites KW - Carcinogens KW - Cancer KW - Insecticides KW - Nitrous oxide KW - DDT KW - Breast cancer KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - PCB compounds KW - Occupational exposure KW - estrogens KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21249889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Is+there+an+association+between+exposure+to+environmental+estrogens+and+breast+cancer%3F&rft.au=Safe%2C+S+H&rft.aulast=Safe&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+3&rft.spage=675&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Organochlorine compounds; DDE; Metabolites; Carcinogens; Cancer; Insecticides; Nitrous oxide; DDT; Breast cancer; Benzo(a)pyrene; PCB compounds; Occupational exposure; estrogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Direct Evaluation of the Ca2+-Displacement Hypothesis for Al Toxicity. AN - 1859375163; 12223678 AB - One explanation for Al toxicity in plants suggests that Al displaces Ca2+ from critical sites in the apoplasm. We evaluated the Ca2+-displacement hypothesis directly using near-isogenic lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that differ in Al tolerance at a single locus. We measured both the growth and total accumulation (apoplasmic plus symplasmic) of 45Ca and Al into roots that had been exposed to Al alone or to Al with other cations. Root growth in the Al-sensitive line was found to be severely inhibited by low activities of Al, even though Ca2+ accumulation was relatively unaffected. In solutions containing the same activity of the Al3+ and Ca2+ ions as above, but also including either 3.0 mM Mg2+, 3.0 mM Sr2+, or 30 mM Na+, growth improved, whereas 45Ca2+ accumulation was significantly decreased. Since most of the 45Ca2+ accumulated by roots during short-term treatments will reside in the apoplasm, these results indicate that displacement of Ca2+ from the apoplasm by Al cannot account for the Al-induced inhibition of root growth and, therefore, do not support the Ca2+-displacement hypothesis for Al toxicity. We also show that total accumulation of Al by root apices is greater in the Al-sensitive genotype than the Al-tolerant genotype and suggest that cation amelioration of Al toxicity is caused by the reduction in Al accumulation. JF - Plant physiology AU - Ryan, P. R. AU - Reid, R. J. AU - Smith, F. A. AD - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Division of Plant Industry, G.P.O. Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia (P.R.R.). Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 1351 EP - 1357 VL - 113 IS - 4 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859375163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Direct+Evaluation+of+the+Ca2%2B-Displacement+Hypothesis+for+Al+Toxicity.&rft.au=Ryan%2C+P.+R.%3BReid%2C+R.+J.%3BSmith%2C+F.+A.&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=P.&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1351&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=1532-2548&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2002-09-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Australian heavy-rain days and associated east coast cyclones: 1958-92 AN - 16527225; 4353995 AB - The authors present a comprehensive climatology of heavy rain and east coast cyclones from January 1958 to September 1992. A total of 80 cyclones, including nondeveloping systems, were objectively identified from daily rainfall and surface wind observations at 28 stations along the east coast of Australia. The method used first identifies heavy-rain days, then uses the wind observations to differentiate east coast cyclones from other rain-producing systems. This method is found to be reliable and with modifications may be used to identify other mesoscale systems. In general, onshore southeasterly to southerly flow is most commonly associated with heavy rain along the east coast of Australia. Local convective heavy-rain events are most common in the Tropics, and the maximum occurrence of heavy-rain days propagates poleward from summer to winter. The latitudinal position and movement of the subtropical anticyclone. and variations in the Southern Oscillation index, have been found to be major factors in the variability of coastal heavy-rain occurrence. Consistent with previous studies, it is found that east coast cyclones occur primarily in winter and form in regions of warm sea surface temperature anomalies. Intensification of east coast cyclones is associated with strong zonal sea surface temperature gradients, greater than 4 degree C within 50 km of the coastline. Significant correlations exist between the occurrence of east coast cyclones, the Southern Oscillation index, and the latitudinal position of the subtropical anticyclone. The strongest correlations, however, suggest a preference for east coast cyclones to form between extreme episodes (negative to positive) of the Southern Oscillation index. A long-term annual trend toward increased numbers of east coast cyclones has been identified, along with an apparent decrease of local convective heavy-rain events, particularly for coastal stations at higher latitudes. No corresponding trend is found for heavy-rain occurrences, the Southern Oscillation index, or the latitudinal position of the subtropical anticyclone. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Hopkins, L C AU - Holland, G J AD - Bureau Meteorology Res. Cent., GPO Box 1289K, Melbourne, Vic. 8001, Australia Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 621 EP - 635 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - PSE, Australia KW - Cyclones KW - Marine KW - Australia, East Coast KW - ISEW, Australia KW - Rainfall KW - Storms KW - Coastal zone KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Meteorology KW - Wind data KW - Wind KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q2 09244:Air-sea coupling KW - O 2070:Meteorology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16527225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=Australian+heavy-rain+days+and+associated+east+coast+cyclones%3A+1958-92&rft.au=Hopkins%2C+L+C%3BHolland%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Hopkins&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=621&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cyclones; Coastal zone; Rainfall; Ocean-atmosphere system; Meteorology; Storms; Wind data; Wind; PSE, Australia; ISEW, Australia; Australia, East Coast; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling of Antarctic sea ice in a general circulation model AN - 16458065; 4345039 AB - A dynamic-thermodynamic sea ice model is developed and coupled with the Melbourne University general circulation model to simulate the seasonal cycle of the Antarctic sea ice distribution. The model is efficient, rapid to compute, and useful for a range of climate studies. The thermodynamic part of the sea ice model is similar to that developed by Parkinson and Washington, the dynamics contain a simplified ice rheology that resists compression. The thermodynamics is based on energy conservation at the top surface of the ice/snow, the ice/water interface, and the open water area to determine the ice formation, accretion, and ablation. A lead parameterization is introduced with an effective partitioning scheme for freezing between and under the ice floes. The dynamic calculation determines the motion of ice, which is forced with the atmospheric wind, taking account of ice resistance and rafting. The simulated sea ice distribution compares reasonably well with observations. The seasonal cycle of ice extent is well simulated in phase as well as in magnitude. Simulated sea ice thickness and concentration are also in good agreement with observations over most regions and serve to indicate the importance of advection and ocean drift in the determination of the sea ice distribution. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Wu, X AU - Simmonds, I AU - Budd, W F AD - Antarct. CRC, GPO Box 252-80, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 593 EP - 609 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - modelling KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Marine KW - Ocean-ice-atmosphere system KW - Thermodynamics KW - Ocean circulation KW - Heat transfer KW - Rheology KW - Sea ice KW - PS, Antarctic Ocean KW - Model studies KW - Climatology KW - Q2 09150:Ice KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost KW - O 2070:Meteorology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16458065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=Modeling+of+Antarctic+sea+ice+in+a+general+circulation+model&rft.au=Wu%2C+X%3BSimmonds%2C+I%3BBudd%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=593&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ocean-ice-atmosphere system; Sea ice; Rheology; Thermodynamics; Ocean circulation; Climatology; Heat transfer; Model studies; PS, Antarctic Ocean; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Minimizing the personal cost of involvement in research into traumatic death AN - 16221893; 4275360 AB - This study describes the methods used to minimize any work-based disruption to the lives of research officers investigating traumatic work-related deaths. Twenty-two research officers from a variety of backgrounds were recruited to collect data for a study of work-related traumatic death in Australia. The information was collected from coronial files, which often contain detailed information about the circumstances surrounding the fatal incident; graphic descriptions and photos of the injuries sustained; and intimate personal details of the deceased persons. Specific interventions to minimize problems included: discussing with potential research officers the possible difficulties that might arise from reading the file contents; arranging for a grief counsellor to attend the training and discuss specific techniques for dealing with any emotional problems that might arise during the work (this session included a tour of a morgue); arranging for the research officers to work in pairs, with the aim of providing personal support and encouragement whenever it might be needed; flexibility of working hours; and encouraging contact with members of the study team. The paired working approach appeared to provide effective emotional support. The majority of the research officers reported that they occasionally were upset by the information in the files but that this was easily managed by talking to their fellow researcher and/or spending a few hours away from the work. They also reported that their approach to life out of hours became more cautious. One of the research officers withdrew from the study after two weeks because of physical and psychological symptoms attributed to encountering the information in the files. Within a few weeks of withdrawing these problems had resolved. JF - Safety Science AU - Driscoll, T R AU - Hull, B P AU - Mandryk, JA AU - Mitchell, R J AU - Howland, A S AD - Natl. Inst. Occup. Health and Safety, Worksafe Australia, GPO Box 58, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 45 EP - 53 VL - 25 IS - 1-3 SN - 0925-7535, 0925-7535 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16221893?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Safety+Science&rft.atitle=Minimizing+the+personal+cost+of+involvement+in+research+into+traumatic+death&rft.au=Driscoll%2C+T+R%3BHull%2C+B+P%3BMandryk%2C+JA%3BMitchell%2C+R+J%3BHowland%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Driscoll&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Safety+Science&rft.issn=09257535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of specific (1 arrow right 3)- beta -glucanase genes in leaves of near-isogenic resistant and susceptible barley lines infected with the leaf scald fungus (Rhynchosporium secalis) AN - 16206711; 4274517 AB - Near-isogenic resistant and susceptible lines of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were inoculated with a virulent race of the causal agent of leaf scald. Rhynchosporium secalis, and the expression patterns of specific barley (1 arrow right 3)- beta -glucan endohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.39) isoenzymes monitored. Induction of (1 arrow right 3)- beta -glucanase activity occurred 1 day earlier and to higher levels in the resistant backcross line BC-200 than in the susceptible parent line. Thus, the resistant plants of this backcross line responded more rapidly to pathogen invasion than susceptible lines. The increased (1 arrow right 3)- beta -glucanase activity was attributable predominantly to a 2-3 day period in which mRNA transcripts of genes that encode isoenzymes GII and GI accumulated. These genes may therefore be important in the defence responses of barley backcross line BC-200 to pathogen attack. A second scald-resistant backcross line, BC-30, developed levels of (1 arrow right 3)- beta -glucanase similar to BC-200 upon infection, but maximal levels were reached later than in BC-200. The third resistant backcross line, BC-35, showed the same pattern of expression as the susceptible parent cultivar, Clipper. The differences in expression of (1 arrow right 3)- beta -glucanase between the resistant backcross lines clearly show that there are physiologically distinct modes of resistance to the scald fungus in barley, and that at least one of these is accompanied by (1 arrow right 3)- beta -glucanase induction. JF - Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology AU - Roulin, S AU - Xu, P AU - Brown, AHD AU - Fincher, G B AD - Cent. for Plant Biodiversity Res., CSIRO Div. Plant Ind., GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 245 EP - 261 VL - 50 IS - 4 SN - 0885-5765, 0885-5765 KW - beta -glucanase KW - barley KW - disease resistance KW - genes KW - leaf scald KW - plant protection KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16206711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Expression+of+specific+%281+arrow+right+3%29-+beta+-glucanase+genes+in+leaves+of+near-isogenic+resistant+and+susceptible+barley+lines+infected+with+the+leaf+scald+fungus+%28Rhynchosporium+secalis%29&rft.au=Roulin%2C+S%3BXu%2C+P%3BBrown%2C+AHD%3BFincher%2C+G+B&rft.aulast=Roulin&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=08855765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Grazing of phytoplankton by copepods in eastern Antarctic coastal waters AN - 16115923; 4215890 AB - Chlorophyll a, primary productivity and grazing by copepods on phytoplankton were measured in the upper water column during the summer of 1994/1995 at a coastal site near Davis Station, East Antarctica. Chlorophyll a was at a maximum in mid-December, then dropped markedly as the coastal fast ice melted and broke-out. Phytoplankton biomass increased again from mid- to late-February. Copepods accounted for at least 65% of zooplankton biomass in the water column before sea ice break-out, whereas larval polychaetes and etenophores dominated after ice break-out. Oncaea curvata was the numerically dominant species throughout the study. The highest grazing rate (8.7 mg C m super(-3) d super(-1)) was recorded on 21 December when O. curvata accounted for 64% of the total. Grazing had decreased markedly by 28 December (0.9 mg C m super(-3) d super(-1)); again O. curvata accounted for over 50% of the total ingested. Copepod grazing increased after ice break-out until the last experiment on 20 February (5 mg C m super(-3) d super(-1)). The main species responsible for grazing during this period were O. curvata, Oithona similis, Calanoides acutus and unidentified copepod nauplii. It was estimated that copepods removed between 1 and 5% of primary productivity. JF - Marine Biology AU - Swadling, K M AU - Gibson, JAE AU - Ritz, DA AU - Nichols, P D AU - Hughes, DE AD - Dep. Zool., Univ. Tasmania, GPO Box 252C, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 39 EP - 48 VL - 128 IS - 1 SN - 0025-3162, 0025-3162 KW - Copepods KW - chlorophyll a KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - predator-prey interactions KW - phytoplankton KW - grazing KW - biomass KW - primary production KW - Antarctica KW - Copepoda KW - K 03009:Algae KW - D 04330:Marine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16115923?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Biology&rft.atitle=Grazing+of+phytoplankton+by+copepods+in+eastern+Antarctic+coastal+waters&rft.au=Swadling%2C+K+M%3BGibson%2C+JAE%3BRitz%2C+DA%3BNichols%2C+P+D%3BHughes%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Swadling&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Biology&rft.issn=00253162&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Copepoda; Antarctica; phytoplankton; grazing; primary production; biomass; predator-prey interactions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intertemporal effects of environmental mandates AN - 16101929; 4203751 AB - Environmental mandates can impose large costs on the businesses that must comply with them. Understanding the effects of those costs on production decisions may require a dynamic framework if environmental damages (and the costs of complying with mandates) depend on cumulative production or the passage of time. This paper focuses on the time dimension of general categories of fixed and variable costs arising from different types of mandates. The paper develops an optimal control model to predict how such costs may jointly affect current production rates, plant closure dates, and cumulative production. Theoretical results, derived from the comparative statics of the system of equations describing the solution to that model, identify circumstances in which the policy goals of greater production and greater environmental protection may not always be at odds. JF - Environmental & Resource Economics AU - Farmer, R D AD - Natural Resources and Commerce Division, Congressional Budget Office, United States Congress, Room 495, Ford House Office Building, Washington, DC 20515, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 365 EP - 381 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 0924-6460, 0924-6460 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - politics KW - legislation KW - environment management KW - economics KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16101929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+%26+Resource+Economics&rft.atitle=Intertemporal+effects+of+environmental+mandates&rft.au=Farmer%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Farmer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+%26+Resource+Economics&rft.issn=09246460&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - environment management; economics; politics; legislation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seamounts and the ecology of deep-sea fisheries AN - 16101850; 4206841 AB - The firm-bodied fishes that feed around seamounts are biologically distinct from their deepwater neighbors - and may be especially vulnerable to overfishing. JF - American Scientist AU - Koslow, JA AD - CSIRO Mar. Labs., GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 168 EP - 176 VL - 85 IS - 2 SN - 0003-0996, 0003-0996 KW - animal morphology KW - bathypelagic zone KW - demersal fisheries KW - overfishing KW - seamounts KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - fisheries KW - commercial species KW - D 04700:Management KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16101850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Scientist&rft.atitle=Seamounts+and+the+ecology+of+deep-sea+fisheries&rft.au=Koslow%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Koslow&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=168&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Scientist&rft.issn=00030996&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - seamounts; fisheries; commercial species; overfishing; demersal fisheries; bathypelagic zone; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical disturbance and marine benthic communities: The effects of mechanical harvesting of cockles on non-target benthic infauna AN - 16091213; 4116221 AB - The effects of physical disturbance processes on marine benthic communities remain an issue of considerable theoretical and practical importance, particularly with respect to the impact of fisheries activity and possible conflict with wildlife conservation objectives. One area where particular concern has been raised is with respect to the effects of mechanical harvesting of cockles (Cerastoderma edule) on non-target benthic infauna in intertidal communities. This paper describes the results of manipulative field experiments which examine the effects of disturbance by two mechanical cockle harvesting methods, hydraulic suction dredging and tractor dredging. Although the suction dredge experiment revealed some statistically significant effects, taken as a whole the results indicated that the faunal structure in disturbed plots recovered (i.e. approached that of the un-disturbed controls) by 56 days. This occurred against a background of consistent increases in the abundance of many taxa in both treatments, which we interpret as the normal seasonal response of the community. The tractor dredge experiment revealed fewer statistically significant effects than the suction dredge experiment, and recovery from disturbance occurred against a background of general seasonal decline in the abundance of the fauna. From the available evidence the most likely mechanism of recovery was through the immigration of adults into disturbed areas. We conclude that mechanical harvesting methods impose high levels of mortality on nontarget benthic fauna, but that recovery of disturbed sites is rapid and the overall effects on populations is probably low. Although our results suggest that tractor dredging has less effect than suction dredging, this result is most likely to be a consequence of the different times of year in which the experiments were conducted. Thus, for this location, we do not believe that a distinction can be made between the effects of the two methods. Although experimental manipulations cannot be conducted on comparable spatial scales to real fishing activity, we believe these results probably do not represent a major under-estimate of recovery times for intertidal habitats similar to the one chosen for this study. JF - Journal of Applied Ecology AU - Hall, S J AU - Harding, MJC AD - Sch. Biol. Sci., Flinders Univ. South Australia, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 497 EP - 517 VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 0021-8901, 0021-8901 KW - Cerastoderma edule KW - Clams KW - Intertidal Areas KW - Wildlife Management KW - aquatic communities KW - clam fisheries KW - disturbance KW - ecosystem disturbance KW - ecosystem resilience KW - harvesting KW - harvesting machines KW - intertidal environment KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - fisheries KW - Ecosystems KW - benthic environment KW - British Isles KW - Marine KW - ANE, British Isles KW - SW 4070:Ecological impact of water development KW - D 04330:Marine KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16091213?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Ecology&rft.atitle=Physical+disturbance+and+marine+benthic+communities%3A+The+effects+of+mechanical+harvesting+of+cockles+on+non-target+benthic+infauna&rft.au=Hall%2C+S+J%3BHarding%2C+MJC&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=497&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Ecology&rft.issn=00218901&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ecosystem resilience; fisheries; intertidal environment; aquatic communities; Ecosystems; harvesting; clam fisheries; ecosystem disturbance; benthic environment; harvesting machines; disturbance; Wildlife Management; Intertidal Areas; Clams; Cerastoderma edule; British Isles; ANE, British Isles; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mesoclanis seed flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Chrysanthemoides (Asteraceae) in South Africa: Distribution, attack strategy and impact on seed production AN - 16039225; 4094963 AB - Three species of Mesoclanis flies that attack the developing seeds of Chrysanthemoides monilifera in South Africa are being assessed for their potential as biological control agents of C. monilifera in Australia. Surveys in South Africa indicated that M. polana Munro is restricted to C. m. rotundata along the subtropical northern coast, M. magnipalpis Bezzi and M. dubia Walker occur on all three subspecies sampled (C. m. rotundata, C. m. monilifera, C. m. pisifera), although M. dubia is less abundant and has a more restricted distribution than M. magnipalpis. Mesoclanis eggs are laid into a wide range of flowerhead stages of C. m. rotundata over a period of approximately 12-14 days, from very small flowerheads with involucral bracts still completely closed, to flowerheads with the laminae of ray florets (petals) starting to elongate. Levels of oviposition by M. magnipalpis into C. m. pisifera are low in very young flowerheads, possibly as a consequence of a heavy layer of indumentum on young C. m. pisifera flowerheads. The pattern and location of feeding and pupation within flowerheads differs slightly for the three Mesoclanis species, but none of the species is associated with the formation of gall tissue. The effect of Mesoclanis activity on ovule development was assessed on four occasions. Mesoclanis destroyed all the ovules in some capitula, and the maximum level of ovule destruction recorded for a site was 64%. JF - Bulletin of Entomological Research AU - Edwards, P B AU - Brown, E M AD - CSIRO Div. Entomol., GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 127 EP - 135 VL - 87 IS - 2 SN - 0007-4853, 0007-4853 KW - South Africa KW - Diptera KW - Tephritidae KW - Mesoclanis polana KW - Chrysanthemoides monilifera KW - Mesoclanis magnipalpis KW - Mesoclanis dubia KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - host plants KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16039225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Entomological+Research&rft.atitle=Mesoclanis+seed+flies+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+on+Chrysanthemoides+%28Asteraceae%29+in+South+Africa%3A+Distribution%2C+attack+strategy+and+impact+on+seed+production&rft.au=Edwards%2C+P+B%3BBrown%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Entomological+Research&rft.issn=00074853&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; host plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methylosphaera hansonii gen. nov., sp. nov., a psychrophilic, group I methanotroph from Antarctic marine-salinity, meromictic lakes AN - 16016973; 4090050 AB - Methanotrophic bacteria were enumerated and isolated from the chemocline and surface sediments of marine-salinity Antarctic meromictic lakes located in the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica (68 degree S 78 degree E). Most probable number (MPN) analysis indicated that at the chemocline of Ace Lake the methanotroph population made up only a small proportion of the total microbial population and was sharply stratified, with higher populations detected in the surface sediments collected at the edge of Ace Lake and Burton Lake. Methanotrophs were not detected in Pendant Lake. Only a single phenotypic group of methanotrophs was successfully enriched, enumerated and isolated into pure culture from the lake samples. Strains of this group were non-motile, coccoidal in morphology, did not form resting cells, reproduced by constriction, and required seawater for growth. The strains were also psychrophilic, with optimal growth occurring at 10-13 degree C and maximum growth temperatures of 16-21 degree C. The ribulose monophosphate pathway but not the serine pathway for incorporation of C sub(1) compounds was detectable in the strains. The guanine plus cytosine (G+C) content of the genomic DNA was 43-46 mol%. Whole-cell fatty acid analysis indicated that 16:1 omega 8c (37-41%), 16:1 omega 6c (17-19%), 16:1 omega 7c (15-19%) and 16:0 (14-15%) were the major fatty acids in the strains. 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed that the strains form a distinct line of descent in the family Methylococcaceae (group I methanotrophs), with the closest relative being the Louisiana Slope methanotrophic mytilid endosymbiont (91.8-92.3% sequence similarity). On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic characteristics the Antarctic lake isolates represent a novel group I methanotrophic genus with the proposed name Methylosphaera hansonii (type strain ACAM 549). JF - Microbiology AU - Bowman, J P AU - McCammon, SA AU - Skerratt, J H AD - Antarctic CRC, Univ. Tasmania, GPO Box 252-80, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 1451 EP - 1459 VL - 143 IS - 4 SN - 0002-1028, 0002-1028 KW - chemotaxonomy KW - methanotrophic bacteria KW - new genus KW - new species KW - psychrophilic bacteria KW - salinity KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Marine KW - salt lakes KW - lakes KW - Brackish KW - Methylosphaera hansonii KW - Antarctica KW - PSE, Antarctica, Princess Elizabeth Land, Vestfold Hills KW - methanogenesis KW - bacteria KW - taxonomy KW - new genera KW - Q1 08203:Taxonomy and morphology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - J 02905:Water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16016973?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology&rft.atitle=Methylosphaera+hansonii+gen.+nov.%2C+sp.+nov.%2C+a+psychrophilic%2C+group+I+methanotroph+from+Antarctic+marine-salinity%2C+meromictic+lakes&rft.au=Bowman%2C+J+P%3BMcCammon%2C+SA%3BSkerratt%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Bowman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1451&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology&rft.issn=00021028&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - new species; salt lakes; bacteria; methanogenesis; lakes; taxonomy; new genera; salinity; chemotaxonomy; methanotrophic bacteria; psychrophilic bacteria; Methylosphaera hansonii; Antarctica; PSE, Antarctica, Princess Elizabeth Land, Vestfold Hills; Marine; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Scale insects consistently affect roots more than shoots: The impact of infestation size on growth of eucalypt seedlings AN - 16003065; 4082294 AB - Different infestation levels of the phloem-feeding scale insect, Eriococcus coriaceus Maskell (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae), consistently reduced root growth more than shoot growth in seedlings of Eucalyptus blakelyi Maiden (Myrtaceae). Low levels of scale insect infestation significantly decreased root and lignotuber biomass but not shoot biomass. High levels of infestation, however, adversely affected all plant parts. Root and lignotuber biomass declined linearly, while the responses of stem and leaf biomass were nonlinear, with respect to inceasing total insect load. Plant responses to scale insect infestations may be explained by considering sapsucking insects as additional sinks that compete against plant sinks and both redirect and drain resources from the plant. Scale insect populations exhibited strong density dependent effects, suggesting they were severely depleting resources within their hosts. Extensive shoot death at high levels of infestation may have contributed to insect population decline by causing scale insects to die prematurely or by reducing the availability of suitable feeding sites. JF - Journal of Ecology AU - Vranjic, JA AU - Ash, JE AD - Cooperative Research Centre for Weed Management System, CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 143 EP - 149 VL - 85 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0477, 0022-0477 KW - Homoptera KW - Eriococcus coriaceus KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Eucalyptus blakelyi KW - density dependence KW - host plants KW - Eriococcidae KW - infestation KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16003065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ecology&rft.atitle=Scale+insects+consistently+affect+roots+more+than+shoots%3A+The+impact+of+infestation+size+on+growth+of+eucalypt+seedlings&rft.au=Vranjic%2C+JA%3BAsh%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Vranjic&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Ecology&rft.issn=00220477&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Eucalyptus blakelyi; Eriococcidae; infestation; density dependence; host plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genome organisation of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from different populations AN - 16000237; 4077753 AB - Isolates from three different Staphylococcus aureus populations were examined for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of total DNA digested with the endonuclease SmaI. The populations were: community S. aureus isolates collected at random from healthy individuals (38 isolates); methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) type strains involved in separate outbreaks of infection in Melbourne (1982) and Canberra (1990) (two isolates); and a collection of clinical methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) causing hospital infection (20 isolates). RFLPs with CspI and SmaI and hybridisation analyses of both, showed that the community and the MSSA isolates were not genetically closely related, and, accordingly, they could not be grouped into clusters as seen with the MRSA types. However, a few MSSA isolates were found to be closely related to each other and appeared to be similar to the standard strain S. aureus 8325-4 and to some MRSA types. Although there was substantial variability between the three groups, physical mapping with genomic DNA fragments from the standard strain S. aureus 8325-4 to probe large fragments generated with CspI and SmaI from the chromosomes of selected community and MRSA isolates, demonstrated a well conserved genome organisation between representative isolates from the three groups. JF - Journal of Medical Microbiology AU - El-Adhami, W AU - Stewart, PR AD - Sch. Biomed. Sci., Curtin Univ. Technol., GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6001, Australia Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 297 EP - 306 VL - 46 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2615, 0022-2615 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - population genetics KW - genomes KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16000237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Genome+organisation+of+Staphylococcus+aureus+isolates+from+different+populations&rft.au=El-Adhami%2C+W%3BStewart%2C+PR&rft.aulast=El-Adhami&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00222615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Staphylococcus aureus; genomes; population genetics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotype and environment: A comparative evaluation of four tilapia stocks in Fiji AN - 15970983; 4070700 AB - The reproductive, survival and growth performance of four tilapia strains in Fiji, namely Oreochromis mossambicus (M), `Israel' Oreochromis niloticus (NI), `Chitralada' O. niloticus (NC) and Red tilapia hybrid (R) were evaluated in two culture environments currently used in Fiji (integrated and non-integrated farming) for three generations. Results showed significant differences among strains in all traits. Overall, the M strain had the highest breeding efficiency and average fecundity but the poorest growth rate. The NI strain showed the highest survival and a good growth rate but low breeding efficiency and fecundity. Although the R strain showed a good growth rate in favorable environments, it was prone to stress under less optimal conditions and had a relatively low survival rate and only average fecundity. The NC strain showed the best growth rate and feed conversion efficiency, relatively good breeding efficiency but average fecundity and survival. Based on a weighted performance across all traits, the NC strain was identified as the best performing strain in Fijian conditions. Significant genotype-environment interactions estimated during harvest were due to a strong rank interaction in the R strain and also magnitude interactions in the NC and NI strains. Growth performance of the M strain showed the lowest response to quality of culture environment. approaches to improving tilapia production in Fiji are discussed. JF - Aquaculture AU - Macaranas, J M AU - Mather, P B AU - Lal, S N AU - Vereivalu, T AU - Lagibalavu, C AD - Centre for Molecular Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Qld. 4001, Australia Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 11 EP - 24 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 150 IS - 1-2 SN - 0044-8486, 0044-8486 KW - biological stress KW - fish culture KW - strain differences KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Oreochromis mossambicus KW - fecundity KW - hybrids KW - breeding KW - Fiji KW - ecosystem disturbance KW - genotypes KW - survival KW - Oreochromis niloticus KW - growth KW - Q4 27330:Fish culture KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15970983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Genotype+and+environment%3A+A+comparative+evaluation+of+four+tilapia+stocks+in+Fiji&rft.au=Macaranas%2C+J+M%3BMather%2C+P+B%3BLal%2C+S+N%3BVereivalu%2C+T%3BLagibalavu%2C+C&rft.aulast=Macaranas&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture&rft.issn=00448486&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fecundity; hybrids; breeding; fish culture; biological stress; ecosystem disturbance; genotypes; survival; growth; Oreochromis mossambicus; Oreochromis niloticus; Fiji ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plasmids and Aeromonas virulence AN - 15940577; 4053050 AB - Most putative virulence determinants of Aeromonas species are chromosomally encoded. However, several recent reports have indicated that some may be carried on or regulated by plasmids. Therefore, we examined the plasmid carriage rate of a total of 140 clinical and environmental Aeromonas isolates. Plasmid carriage was compared with the ability of an isolate to produce toxins and adhere to HEp-2 cells. Overall, plasmid incidence in Aeromonas species was low (23/140, 16%) and independent of the source of the isolate. Plasmids were, however, more common in environmental isolates of A. veronii biovar sobria than in clinical isolates of this species (P<0.05). We could find no evidence to support the recent literature findings that plasmids may have a role in Aeromonas virulence. JF - FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology AU - Brown, R L AU - Sanderson, K AU - Kirov, S M AD - Division of Pathology, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-29, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 217 EP - 223 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0928-8244, 0928-8244 KW - virulence factors KW - Aeromonas veronii isobria KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Aeromonas KW - plasmids KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15940577?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Immunology+and+Medical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Plasmids+and+Aeromonas+virulence&rft.au=Brown%2C+R+L%3BSanderson%2C+K%3BKirov%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Immunology+and+Medical+Microbiology&rft.issn=09288244&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aeromonas; plasmids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological Monitoring of Child Lead Exposure in the Czech Republic AN - 14453834; 10536766 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Cikrt, Miroslav AU - Smerhovsky, Zdenek AU - Blaha, Karel AU - Nerudova, Jana AU - Sediva, Viera AU - Fornuskova, Helena AU - Knotkova, Jana Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 406 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - AREA COMPARISONS KW - CZECH REPUBLIC KW - BLOOD LEAD LEVEL KW - MONITORING, BIOLOGICAL KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14453834?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Biological+Monitoring+of+Child+Lead+Exposure+in+the+Czech+Republic&rft.au=Cikrt%2C+Miroslav%3BSmerhovsky%2C+Zdenek%3BBlaha%2C+Karel%3BNerudova%2C+Jana%3BSediva%2C+Viera%3BFornuskova%2C+Helena%3BKnotkova%2C+Jana&rft.aulast=Cikrt&rft.aufirst=Miroslav&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=406&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t maps N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - AREA COMPARISONS; CZECH REPUBLIC; BLOOD LEAD LEVEL; MONITORING, BIOLOGICAL; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lead Exposure at an Early Age Substantially Increases Lead Retention in the Rat AN - 14453655; 10536767 AB - Using rats, the effect of age during lead exposure on blood and organ Pb levels 15 months later was investigated. Results indicated that both greater age at the start of Pb exposure and a longer interval since the end of exposure were associated significantly with lower blood and organ Pb concentrations. Stepwise multiple regression of the Pb data showed that body weight at the midpoint or end of Pb exposure, age at organ harvesting, and total Pb consumed significantly influence blood and most organ Pb concentrations. The overall data revealed that Pb exposure at a young age can lead to substantial skeletal Pb accumulation and retention despite a high rate of bone remodeling. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Han, Shenggao AU - Qiao, Xianwen AU - Kemp, Francis W AU - Bogden, John D Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 412 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - BIOACCUMULATION, ANIMAL KW - BLOOD LEAD LEVEL KW - LEAD KW - AGE COMPARISONS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14453655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Lead+Exposure+at+an+Early+Age+Substantially+Increases+Lead+Retention+in+the+Rat&rft.au=Han%2C+Shenggao%3BQiao%2C+Xianwen%3BKemp%2C+Francis+W%3BBogden%2C+John+D&rft.aulast=Han&rft.aufirst=Shenggao&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=412&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 12 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - BIOACCUMULATION, ANIMAL; BLOOD LEAD LEVEL; LEAD; AGE COMPARISONS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medication Use Modifies the Health Effects of Particulate Sulfate Air Pollution in Children with Asthma AN - 14453363; 10536770 AB - In Sokolov, Czech Republic, high levels of sulfur dioxide and particulate air pollution are produced in winter. Air pollution data were generated in the city, which were compared with respiratory responses in asthmatic children. Lung function was assessed daily in the affected children, with some medicated and some not. For the non-medicated children, only a weak association was observed between the 5-d mean of sulfates and respiratory symptoms. However, in children medicated with theophylline, and especially in children also using beta -agonist, an increase in the 5-d mean of sulfates led to a significant increase in the use of medicine, but also to an increase in the prevalence of cough associated with particulate air pollution. Decreases in peak expiratory flow rates were also associated with increased particulate levels in these medicated children. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Peters, Annette AU - Dockery, Douglas W AU - Heinrich, Joachim AU - Wichmann, HErich Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 430 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS KW - CZECH REPUBLIC KW - DRUGS KW - PARTICULATES KW - SULFATES KW - PATHOLOGY, CHILDREN KW - ASTHMA KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14453363?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Medication+Use+Modifies+the+Health+Effects+of+Particulate+Sulfate+Air+Pollution+in+Children+with+Asthma&rft.au=Peters%2C+Annette%3BDockery%2C+Douglas+W%3BHeinrich%2C+Joachim%3BWichmann%2C+HErich&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Annette&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=430&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 7 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS; PATHOLOGY, CHILDREN; CZECH REPUBLIC; DRUGS; ASTHMA; SULFATES; PARTICULATES ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological Monitoring for Mercury Within a Community with Soil and Fish Contamination AN - 14453339; 10536769 AB - In the vicinity of the Sulfur Bank Mercury Mine located north of San Francisco, CA, which is the home of the a Native American tribe, blood and urine samples were collected and analyzed for the presence of mercury, along with soil and fish samples. The mean inorganic Hg urine level was 1.7 mu g/l, while that in blood was 2.9 mu g/l. The mean organic Hg level in blood was 15.6 mu g/l. The urine levels suggested that exposure to Hg through soil and dust was not significant. However, a correlation between blood Hg levels and fish consumption was observed. Recommendations for reducing exposure to environmental Hg are proposed. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Harnly, Martha AU - Seidel, Sharon AU - Rojas, Primitivo AU - Fornes, Raymond AU - Flessel, Peter AU - Smith, Daniel AU - Kreutzer, Richard Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 424 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - BIOACCUMULATION, FISH KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - FOOD CONTAMINATION KW - CALIFORNIA KW - BLOOD ANALYSIS KW - AMERICAN INDIANS KW - MERCURY KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14453339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Biological+Monitoring+for+Mercury+Within+a+Community+with+Soil+and+Fish+Contamination&rft.au=Harnly%2C+Martha%3BSeidel%2C+Sharon%3BRojas%2C+Primitivo%3BFornes%2C+Raymond%3BFlessel%2C+Peter%3BSmith%2C+Daniel%3BKreutzer%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Harnly&rft.aufirst=Martha&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=424&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - CALIFORNIA; BLOOD ANALYSIS; BIOACCUMULATION, FISH; AMERICAN INDIANS; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN; MERCURY; FOOD CONTAMINATION ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lead Exposure in Latin America and the Caribbean AN - 14452403; 10536765 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Romieu, Isabelle AU - Lacasana, Marina AU - McConnell, Rob Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 398 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - CARIBBEAN ISLANDS KW - BLOOD LEAD LEVEL KW - SOURCE MEASUREMENT KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - AREA COMPARISONS KW - LATIN AMERICA KW - LEAD KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14452403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Lead+Exposure+in+Latin+America+and+the+Caribbean&rft.au=Romieu%2C+Isabelle%3BLacasana%2C+Marina%3BMcConnell%2C+Rob&rft.aulast=Romieu&rft.aufirst=Isabelle&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=398&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - AREA COMPARISONS; CARIBBEAN ISLANDS; LATIN AMERICA; BLOOD LEAD LEVEL; SOURCE MEASUREMENT; LEAD; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fish Zona Radiata (Eggshell) Protein: a Sensitive Biomarker for Environmental Estrogens AN - 14449728; 10536768 AB - In juvenile Atlantic salmon, the response of vitellogenin and zona radiata proteins as estrogen biomarkers was evaluated using immunoassay methods, which are described. The experiments involved both ip exposures to synthetic estrogen or exposure to a wastewater from an oil refinery. Results showed that the most responsive protein was zona radiata protein- beta , indicating that these proteins were synthesized first during zonagenesis. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Arukwe, Augustine AU - Knudsen, Frank R AU - Goksoyr, Anders Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 418 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - PROTEIN KW - BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS KW - FISH, SALTWATER KW - HORMONES KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14449728?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Fish+Zona+Radiata+%28Eggshell%29+Protein%3A+a+Sensitive+Biomarker+for+Environmental+Estrogens&rft.au=Arukwe%2C+Augustine%3BKnudsen%2C+Frank+R%3BGoksoyr%2C+Anders&rft.aulast=Arukwe&rft.aufirst=Augustine&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=418&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 4 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - PROTEIN; BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS; FISH, SALTWATER; HORMONES ER - TY - GEN T1 - Graduate Medical Education (GME). Hearing Before the Committee on Finance. United States Senate. One Hundred Fifth Congress. First Session (March 12, 1997). AN - 62385355; ED434576 AB - This hearing presents testimony on Medicare support for graduate medical education in light of Clinton Administration and other reform proposals to reduce the number of specialized residencies in teaching hospitals. The testimony includes opening statements by Senator William V. Roth, Jr., chair of the Senate Committee on Finance, and Senator Phil Gramm. Bruce Vladeck, administrator of the Health Care Financing Administration offered a statement as administration witness. Statements by public witnesses included those of: Robert Crittenden of the University of Washington School of Medicine; Don E. Detmer, on behalf of the Association of Academic Health Centers; Spencer Foreman, on behalf of the Greater New York Hospital Association of Academic Health; and Ralph W. Muller, on behalf of the Association of American Medical Colleges. Appended are prepared statements by the witnesses and communications regarding graduate medical education reform from the Alaska Family Practice Residency, American Association of Colleges of Nursing, American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, American Association of Dental Schools, American College of Preventive Medicine, American Hospital Association, National Association of Children's Hospitals, National Association of Public Hospitals and Health Systems, and National League for Nursing. (MDM) Y1 - 1997/03/12/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Mar 12 SP - 159 PB - Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160582601 KW - Congress 105th KW - Health Care Financing Administration KW - Medicare KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Policymakers KW - Financial Support KW - Federal Aid KW - Political Attitudes KW - Higher Education KW - Public Policy KW - Educational Attitudes KW - Advocacy KW - Educational Policy KW - Hearings KW - Graduate Medical Students KW - Graduate Medical Education KW - Teaching Hospitals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62385355?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Drug Certification of Mexico: Arguments for and against Congressional Resolutions of Disapproval AN - 1679101686; MD01427 AB - Outlines arguments for and against congressional resolution disapproving drug certification of Mexico, including that Mexico has failed to fully fight corruption, and that decertification would be seen as punitive, not cooperative. AU - United States. Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service AD - United States. Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service PY - 1997 SP - 5 KW - Congressional resolutions KW - Drug certification KW - Police corruption KW - Political corruption KW - Sanctions KW - Salinas de Gortari, Raúl KW - Ruiz Massieu, Mario KW - Salinas de Gortari, Carlos KW - Gutiérrez Rebollo, José de Jesús KW - Beltrones Rivera, Manlio Fabio KW - Carrillo Olea, Jorge KW - Salinas de Gortari, Raúl KW - Ruiz Massieu, Mario KW - Salinas de Gortari, Carlos KW - Gutiérrez Rebollo, José de Jesús KW - Beltrones Rivera, Manlio Fabio KW - Carrillo Olea, Jorge UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1679101686?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Adnsa_md&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Drug+Certification+of+Mexico%3A+Arguments+for+and+against+Congressional+Resolutions+of+Disapproval&rft.au=United+States.+Library+of+Congress.+Congressional+Research+Service&rft.aulast=United+States.+Library+of+Congress.+Congressional+Research+Service&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-03-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Digital National Security Archive N1 - Analyte descriptor - NSA document type: Report N1 - People - Beltrones Rivera, Manlio Fabio; Carrillo Olea, Jorge; Gutiérrez Rebollo, José de Jesús; Ruiz Massieu, Mario; Salinas de Gortari, Carlos; Salinas de Gortari, Raúl N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-16 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Narcotics Certification and Mexico: Questions and Answers AN - 1679113806; MD01424 AB - Offers press guidance on drug-certification process, how Congress can override decision, and sanctions required by decertification. AU - United States. Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service AD - United States. Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service PY - 1997 SP - 6 KW - Congressional oversight KW - Drug certification KW - Foreign loans KW - Sanctions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1679113806?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Adnsa_md&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Narcotics+Certification+and+Mexico%3A+Questions+and+Answers&rft.au=United+States.+Library+of+Congress.+Congressional+Research+Service&rft.aulast=United+States.+Library+of+Congress.+Congressional+Research+Service&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-03-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Digital National Security Archive N1 - Name - Inter-American Development Bank; World Bank N1 - Analyte descriptor - NSA document type: Report N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression patterns of vascular-specific promoters RolC and Sh in transgenic potatoes and their use in engineering PLRV-resistant plants AN - 853476697; 14055586 AB - The expression patterns of GUS fusion constructs driven by the Agrobacterium rhizogenes RolC and the maize Sh (Shrunken; sucrose synthase-1) promoters were examined in transgenic potatoes (cv. Atlantic). RolC drove high-level gene expression in phloem tissue, bundle sheath cells and vascular parenchyma, but not in xylem or non-vascular tissues. Sh expression was exclusively confined to phloem tissue. Potato leafroll luteovirus (PLRV) replicates only in phloem tissues, and we show that when RolC is used to drive expression of the PLRV coat protein gene, virus-resistant lines can be obtained. In contrast, no significant resistance was observed when the Sh promoter was used. JF - Plant Molecular Biology AU - Graham, Michael W AU - Craig, Stuart AU - Waterhouse, Peter M AD - CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, 2601, Australia (*author for correspondence) Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 729 EP - 735 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0167-4412, 0167-4412 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Parenchyma KW - Agrobacterium rhizogenes KW - Xylem KW - Sheaths KW - Transgenic plants KW - Gene expression KW - Promoters KW - Zea mays KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Sucrose KW - Phloem KW - Coat protein KW - Luteovirus KW - W 30925:Genetic Engineering KW - G 07800:Plants and Algae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853476697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Expression+patterns+of+vascular-specific+promoters+RolC+and+Sh+in+transgenic+potatoes+and+their+use+in+engineering+PLRV-resistant+plants&rft.au=Graham%2C+Michael+W%3BCraig%2C+Stuart%3BWaterhouse%2C+Peter+M&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=729&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Molecular+Biology&rft.issn=01674412&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005726918110 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gene expression; Parenchyma; Promoters; Xylem; Sucrose; Coat protein; Phloem; Sheaths; Transgenic plants; Agrobacterium rhizogenes; Zea mays; Solanum tuberosum; Luteovirus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005726918110 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Transforming Ideas for Teaching and Learning the Arts. AN - 62614357; ED407354 AB - This booklet is designed to give teachers some of the latest ideas about how arts principles and concepts can best be understood, taught, and used in the classroom to improve instruction in the arts and other disciplines. Considering the stance of the U.S. Department of Education, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), the Goals 2000 Arts Education Partnership, and the Coalition for Education in the Arts, and the increasing support from research about the value of the arts, the 1990's seems a time of real opportunity. While there are still issues being discussed, the state-of-the-art in arts education may soon properly reflect the importance of this aspect of education to civilization. The booklet's major ideas, organized into one page sections, include the following: (1) make certain all students have daily arts experiences; (2) the arts offer the opportunity to practice decision making; (3) students need to know the elements of the various arts and need to develop the vocabularies with which to discuss them; (4) experiences in the arts provide opportunities for students to learn as much about themselves as they do about the subject matter; (5) provide students with opportunities to develop a craft while exploring originality and analytical thinking; (6) lead students to new ways of solving problems through unique challenges in the arts, both mental and physical; (7) employ modern technology to encourage imaginative use of artistic material; (8) arts specialists are educators who are also skilled in at least one arts discipline; (9) enriching the experiences of all children as they study literature, history, geography, foreign languages, math, or science is a gift arts specialists offer the school; and (10) a major asset of the arts in education is to make schools a more engaging learning environment. In discussing the U.S. Department of Education's support for the arts, Secretary of Education, Richard W. Riley said, "The arts in all their distinct forms define, in many ways, those qualities that are at the heart of education reform in the 1990s--creativity, perseverance, a sense of standards, and above all, a striving for excellence." Contains 53 notes, an 11-item suggested reading list, and a 38-item selected resources list. (CB) AU - Gary, Charles L. AU - Foy, Rita Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 24 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - SAI-96-3007 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Teachers KW - Academic Achievement KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Theory Practice Relationship KW - Instructional Innovation KW - Fundamental Concepts KW - Art Education KW - Art Teachers KW - Curriculum Development KW - Educational Practices KW - Educational Theories KW - Student Educational Objectives KW - Educational Assessment KW - Art Appreciation KW - Art Activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62614357?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Education Statistics on Disk. 1996 Edition [CD-ROM.] AN - 62605635; ED407443 AB - This CD-ROM contains, in compressed form, over 2,600 tables, charts, and text files from the following publications of the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES): (1) "1996 Digest of Education Statistics"; (2) "1996 Condition of Education"; (3) "1995 Condition of Education" (27 indicators); (4) "1994 Condition of Education" (24 indicators); (5) "1993 Condition of Education" (17 indicators); (6) "1992 Condition of Education" (6 indicators); (7) "Projections of Education Statistics to 2006"; (8) "1996 Youth Indicators"; (9) "Historical Trends: State Educational Facts 1969 to 1989"; (10) "State Comparisons of Education Statistics: 1969-70 to 1993-94"; (11) "120 Years of American Education: A Statistical Portrait"; (12) "Education in States and Nations: Indicators Comparing U.S. States with Other Industrialized Countries in 1991." The disk contains a computer program to search these files and a user-friendly interface to help novice searchers without handicapping experts. A thesaurus of over 450 terms and 80 cross-references has been used to index the tables and figures. Online instructions can be displayed and printed, search results can be saved, and retrieved tables can be displayed, printed, or stored to disk. Hypertext versions of the 1996 tables and the 1991 "Education in States and Nations" are included. FREQUENCY: Annual. TYPE OF SURVEY: National. YEAR OF EARLIEST DATA: 1991. YEAR OF LATEST DATA: 1996. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 EP - 0 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. KW - Condition of Education (NCES) KW - National Center for Education Statistics KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - State Programs KW - Institutional Characteristics KW - Online Searching KW - Teacher Characteristics KW - Student Characteristics KW - Educational Indicators KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Educational Trends KW - Online Systems KW - Higher Education KW - Federal Government KW - National Surveys KW - Optical Data Disks KW - School Statistics KW - Educational History KW - Comparative Analysis KW - Trend Analysis KW - Educational Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62605635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aeric&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Education+Statistics+on+Disk.+1996+Edition+%5BCD-ROM.%5D&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 3 - Indexed only N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Characteristics of American Indian and Alaska Native Education: Results from the 1990-91 and 1993-94 Schools and Staffing Surveys. AN - 62605514; ED405169 AB - This report summarizes findings of the 1993-94 Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS) with regard to schools that serve American Indian and Alaska Native students, and examines trends since 1990-91 when data were previously collected. In 1993-94, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) and federally recognized tribes with BIA funding operated 170 elementary and secondary schools. In addition, 1,244 public schools had high Indian enrollment (at least 25 percent American Indian and Alaska Native students). These two types of schools were typically small and located in rural areas and small towns. However, of the 491,936 American Indian and Alaska Native students enrolled in K-12 classes, 53 percent attended public schools with low Indian enrollment. Chapters contain many data tables and figures and provide information for the three school types on the following: (1) school and student profiles (school location and size, student race/ethnicity, school programs and services, student-to-staff ratios, graduation rates and requirements, free and reduced-price lunch rates, student linguistic characteristics, support services, and student outcomes); (2) principal characteristics and attitudes (educational background, teaching experience, specialized training, salaries, school goals, perceptions of school problems and influential groups, and career plans); (3) teacher characteristics (demography, qualifications, salaries, and perceptions of problems); (4) teacher supply and demand; and (5) trends since 1991. Appendices include technical notes, tables of estimates and standard errors, and additional resources on SASS. Contains 71 references and an index. (SV) AU - Pavel, Michael D. AU - Curtin, Thomas R. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 336 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-97-451 KW - Bureau of Indian Affairs Schools KW - Schools and Staffing Survey (NCES) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Institutional Characteristics KW - Teacher Characteristics KW - School Demography KW - Principals KW - Student Characteristics KW - Administrator Qualifications KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Educational Trends KW - Teacher Supply and Demand KW - Administrator Characteristics KW - American Indians KW - Tribally Controlled Education KW - Public Schools KW - School Personnel KW - American Indian Education KW - Administrator Attitudes KW - School Surveys KW - Teacher Qualifications KW - Tables (Data) KW - Alaska Natives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62605514?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For the previous report in this series, see ED 381 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The Janus Project Workshop. New Technologies and Women. Proceedings (Montreal, Quebec, Canada, March 21-22, 1997). AN - 62513184; ED411403 AB - A conference was held to discuss the new communications technologies, such as the Internet and the World Wide Web, and their effect on women's opportunities to learn. A paper on woman-centered learning in the digital universe and a discussion paper examining the pros and cons of introducing and using new technologies in educational programs for women were presented on the first day of the conference. The second day opened with a paper providing a gendered perspective on access issues. Workshops on the following topics were conducted during the afternoons of both days of the conference: community access; institutional access; quality of the learning experience; and opportunities for learning. The main issues that surfaced during the conference were summarized in a report titled"Conference Synthesis" (Linda Shohet), and 24 recommendations regarding access, opportunities, quality of learning, and impact of the new communication technologies on women's lives were formulated. (Appended are the two discussion papers: "Women-Centered Learning in the Digital Universe," by Heather Menzies, and "A Gendered Perspective on Access Issues," by Leslie Regan Shade. Also included are a 28-item list of print resources and websites and principles of accessible web page design.) (MN) AU - Starr, Christina Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 40 KW - Canada KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Workshops KW - Womens Education KW - Access to Education KW - Computer Uses in Education KW - World Wide Web KW - Distance Education KW - Foreign Countries KW - Educational Opportunities KW - Access to Information KW - Educational Practices KW - Educational Technology KW - Internet KW - Educational Quality KW - Adult Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62513184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aeric&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=The+Janus+Project+Workshop.+New+Technologies+and+Women.+Proceedings+%28Montreal%2C+Quebec%2C+Canada%2C+March+21-22%2C+1997%29.&rft.au=Starr%2C+Christina&rft.aulast=Starr&rft.aufirst=Christina&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 2 - Produced in microfiche (1966-2003) N1 - SuppNotes - For a related discussion paper, see CE 074 676. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Some Observations on Power and Property Rights in the Inland Fisheries of Bangladesh AN - 61545624; 199703621 AB - Fieldwork conducted in 1992 is drawn on to examine the causes behind fishermen's failure to establish property rights over fishing grounds in the inland fisheries of Bangladesh. Property rights are eventually transferred to socially powerful agents (lessees) who are not part of the fishing community. Differential costs of establishing & maintaining property rights have been observed as the key element behind the transfer of rights. This differential cost stems from power asymmetries, & consequently, more rent is generally realizable by the lessees. Differential capacity to realize rent creates the potential for an exchange of rights. 1 Table, 39 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - World Development AU - Toufique, Kazi Ali AD - Bangladesh Instit Development Studies, GPO Box 3854 E-17 Agargaon, Sher-e-Banglanagar Dhaka 1207 Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 457 EP - 467 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0305-750X, 0305-750X KW - property rights/social power, fishermen vs outside lessees, Bangladesh KW - 1992 fieldwork KW - Fishing KW - Natural Resources KW - Power KW - Property Rights KW - Bangladesh KW - Fishing Communities KW - article KW - 8350: social development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61545624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Development&rft.atitle=Some+Observations+on+Power+and+Property+Rights+in+the+Inland+Fisheries+of+Bangladesh&rft.au=Toufique%2C+Kazi+Ali&rft.aulast=Toufique&rft.aufirst=Kazi&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Development&rft.issn=0305750X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Property Rights; Power; Fishing; Fishing Communities; Bangladesh; Natural Resources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - False Attribution of Suggestibility to Explain Recovered Memory of Childhood Sexual Abuse following Extended Amnesia AN - 61504835; 9718056 AB - To investigate suggestibility among patients who report recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse, suggestibility was measured in 44 psychiatric patients who recovered memories & 31 controls without a history of sexual trauma using G. H. Gudjonsson's (1992) Suggestibility Scale. Results indicate that patients who recovered memories were remarkably less suggestible than the clinical field has been led to believe by advocates of false memory. Recovered memory patients yielded to suggested prompts an average of 6.7 times per case, compared to an average of 10.6 in the control group. Paradoxically, patients without a history of sex abuse were more at risk for altering memory to suggestive prompts. These findings appreciably challenge advocated theories of suggested memory. 2 Tables, 26 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Child Abuse and Neglect AU - Leavitt, Frank AD - 1653 West Congress Pkwy, Chicago IL 60612-3833 Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 265 EP - 272 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0145-2134, 0145-2134 KW - childhood sexual abuse, recovered memories, suggestibility attribution KW - scale data KW - psychiatric patients KW - Memory KW - Credibility KW - Adult Children KW - Child Sexual Abuse KW - article KW - 2190: social problems and social welfare; victimology (rape, family violence, & child abuse) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61504835?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Child+Abuse+and+Neglect&rft.atitle=False+Attribution+of+Suggestibility+to+Explain+Recovered+Memory+of+Childhood+Sexual+Abuse+following+Extended+Amnesia&rft.au=Leavitt%2C+Frank&rft.aulast=Leavitt&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Child+Abuse+and+Neglect&rft.issn=01452134&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - CABND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Child Sexual Abuse; Adult Children; Memory; Credibility ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Effect of Divorce on Child Survival in a Rural Area of Bangladesh AN - 61464049; 9711091 AB - Demographic surveillance data maintained by the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, for 11,951 first marriages of Muslims that took place 1975-1987 are drawn on to examine the relationship between parental marriage breakdown & survival of first live-born children in villages of rural Matlab & Daudkandi. Other independent variables included age of mother at birth, mother's education, year of birth, sex of children, & residence at the time of childbirth. It is shown that the net odds of death among children of divorced mothers in infancy & childhood were respectively 3.2 & 1.4 times higher than those of mothers whose marriages continued. Possible mechanisms linking divorce & child survival are discussed. 2 Tables, 1 Figure, 17 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Population Studies AU - Bhuiya, Abbas AU - Chowdhury, Mushtaque AD - International Centre Diarrhoeal Disease Research, GPO Box 128 Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 57 EP - 61 VL - 51 IS - 1 SN - 0032-4728, 0032-4728 KW - divorce, first live-born child survival impacts, Muslim couples, rural Bangladesh KW - demographic surveillance data KW - first marriages, 1975-1987 KW - Marital Status KW - Divorce KW - Child Mortality KW - Rural Population KW - Marital Disruption KW - Infant Mortality KW - Bangladesh KW - Rural Areas KW - article KW - 1837: demography and human biology; demography (population studies) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61464049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Population+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Effect+of+Divorce+on+Child+Survival+in+a+Rural+Area+of+Bangladesh&rft.au=Bhuiya%2C+Abbas%3BChowdhury%2C+Mushtaque&rft.aulast=Bhuiya&rft.aufirst=Abbas&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Population+Studies&rft.issn=00324728&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - POSTA4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Child Mortality; Infant Mortality; Divorce; Rural Areas; Rural Population; Bangladesh; Marital Disruption; Marital Status ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Considering Modern Olympism AN - 61456460; 98a135897 JF - International Review for the Sociology of Sport AU - Hirai, Hajime AU - Hirai, Hajime Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 93 EP - 94 VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 1012-6902, 1012-6902 KW - article KW - 0869: mass phenomena; sociology of sports UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61456460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Review+for+the+Sociology+of+Sport&rft.atitle=Considering+Modern+Olympism&rft.au=Hirai%2C+Hajime%3BTenri+Yamato+Culture+Congress&rft.aulast=Hirai&rft.aufirst=Hajime&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Review+for+the+Sociology+of+Sport&rft.issn=10126902&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Edition date: 1996. N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - IRSSEH ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cognitive and psychomotor performance tests and experiment design in multiple chemical sensitivity. AN - 21270486; 11701788 AB - People suffering from multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) complain of a variety of symptoms that could impair cognitive and psychomotor function either directly or indirectly. This paper discusses the use of cognitive and psychomotor performance tests together with some experiment designs that could be considered for use to assess fitness of MCS sufferers for work or the efficacy of diagnostic, preventative, or therapeutic measures. The tests could also contribute to the body of objective information on MCS and help sway the opinion of those who are dubious of its authenticity. The credentials of cognitive and psychomotor performance tests are derived from their successful use in studying the effects of drugs, and the types of tests are illustrated by describing those used by the United Kingdom Defence Evaluation and Research Agency Chemical and Biological Defence Human Studies Group, which has been involved in the assessment of drugs and chemicals on work performance for many years. The tests include mathematical, verbal and spatial processing, tracking, reaction time, attention and vigilance, and memory tests. The discussion of experiment designs includes both repeated measures and parallel groups designs together with their advantages and disadvantages and some suggested modifications to accommodate the particular problems posed by MCS. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Wetherell, A AD - Defence Evaluation and Research Agency, Protection and Life Sciences Division, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 495 EP - 503 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Fitness KW - Sensitivity KW - spatial discrimination KW - Drug screening KW - Design KW - Multiple chemical sensitivity KW - Memory KW - authenticity KW - Cognitive ability KW - Information processing KW - Vigilance KW - Language KW - Drugs KW - N3 11028:Neuropharmacology & toxicology KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21270486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Cognitive+and+psychomotor+performance+tests+and+experiment+design+in+multiple+chemical+sensitivity.&rft.au=Wetherell%2C+A&rft.aulast=Wetherell&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+2&rft.spage=495&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fitness; Multiple chemical sensitivity; Memory; Cognitive ability; Information processing; Vigilance; spatial discrimination; Language; Drug screening; Drugs; Sensitivity; authenticity; Design ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A behavior-genetic approach to multiple chemical sensitivity. AN - 21262267; 11701784 AB - This report emphasizes the application of behavior-genetic designs to the study of sensitivity to toxic chemicals, and features of multiple chemical sensitivity and substance abuse that are polar opposites. The implications of these issues for future research are discussed in relation to twin, adoption, and sibling pair studies, as well as in relation to the degree to which genetically selected lines of rodents that have been developed in the alcoholism field are applicable to multiple chemical sensitivity. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Newlin, D B AD - National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA., dnewlin@irp.nida.nih.gov Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 505 EP - 508 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Sensitivity KW - Toxic materials KW - Adoption KW - siblings KW - Drug abuse KW - substance abuse KW - Multiple chemical sensitivity KW - Twins KW - Alcoholism KW - Siblings KW - rodents KW - alcoholism KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - G 07870:Mammals KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21262267?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=A+behavior-genetic+approach+to+multiple+chemical+sensitivity.&rft.au=Newlin%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Newlin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+2&rft.spage=505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Multiple chemical sensitivity; Twins; Alcoholism; Adoption; Siblings; Drug abuse; Chemicals; substance abuse; Sensitivity; Toxic materials; siblings; rodents; alcoholism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicant-induced loss of tolerance--an emerging theory of disease? AN - 21258696; 11703676 AB - This paper attempts to clarify the nature of chemical sensitivity by proposing a theory of disease that unites the disparate clinical observations associated with the condition. Sensitivity to chemicals appears to be the consequence of a two-step process: loss of tolerance in susceptible persons following exposure to various toxicants, and subsequent triggering of symptoms by extremely small quantities of previously tolerated chemicals, drugs, foods, and food and drug combinations including caffeine and alcohol. Although chemical sensitivity may be the consequence of this process, a term that may more clearly describe the observed process is toxicant-induced loss of tolerance. Features of this yet-to-be-proven mechanism or theory of disease that affect the design of human exposure studies include the stimulatory and withdrawallike nature (resembling addiction) of symptoms reported by patients and masking. Masking, which may blunt or eliminate responses to chemical challenges, appears to have several components: apposition, which is the overlapping of the effects of closely timed exposures, acclimatization or habituation, and addiction. A number of human challenge studies in this area have concluded that there is no physiological basis for chemical sensitivity. However, these studies have failed to address the role of masking. To ensure reliable and reproducible responses to challenges, future studies in which subjects are evaluated in an environmental medical unit, a hospital-based facility in which background chemical exposures are reduced to the lowest levels practicable, may be necessary. A set of postulates is offered to determine whether there is a causal relationship between low-level chemical exposures and symptoms using an environmental medical unit. Images Figure 2. Figure 8. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Miller, C S AD - Department of Family Practice, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7794, USA., millercs@uthscsa.edu Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 445 EP - 453 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Sensitivity KW - Alcohol KW - caffeine KW - Toxicants KW - Food KW - Physiology KW - Acclimatization KW - Drug tolerance KW - Habituation KW - alcohols KW - Apposition KW - Caffeine KW - Addiction KW - Drugs KW - X 24380:Social Poisons & Drug Abuse KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - A 01330:Food Microbiology KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21258696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Toxicant-induced+loss+of+tolerance--an+emerging+theory+of+disease%3F&rft.au=Miller%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+2&rft.spage=445&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Toxicants; Food; Acclimatization; alcohols; Apposition; Drug tolerance; Caffeine; Addiction; Habituation; Alcohol; Sensitivity; caffeine; Physiology; Drugs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental strategies for research on multiple chemical sensitivity. AN - 21253886; 11701790 AB - Skepticism about the validity of the multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) syndrome stems in part from the lack of supporting experimental data. Performing the relevant experiments requires investigators to take account of broad variations in sensitivity and the need to establish reproducibility. The research approach best suited for MCS studies is the single-subject design. In contrast with conventional group designs, such designs emphasize repeated observations on individual subjects. Repeated observations of this kind constitute a time series in which successive measurements are serially or autocorrelated. One statistical method that bypasses the serial correlation problem is randomization tests. Explicit time series analyses take account of this aspect and can correct for it to determine the impact of an intervention such as a chemical exposure. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Weiss, B AD - University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York 14642, USA., weiss@envmed.rochester.edu Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 487 EP - 494 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Sensitivity KW - time series analysis KW - intervention KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21253886?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Experimental+strategies+for+research+on+multiple+chemical+sensitivity.&rft.au=Weiss%2C+B&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+2&rft.spage=487&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sensitivity; time series analysis; intervention ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Psychoneuroimmunology. AN - 21253427; 11701787 AB - This paper develops hypotheses regarding the interactions among stress, immunity, and chemical sensitivities and gives an overview of the questions and hypotheses generated by a working group exploring the application of psychoneuroimmunology to chemical sensitivities. Consideration is given to prospective longitudinal studies designed to find cases among at-risk exposed populations. Relevant immune parameters to be measured longitudinally and in challenge studies for patients with MCS are discussed. Immune system changes in response to the chronic stress of having MCS and as primary responses to chemical exposure also are considered. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Cohen, N AU - Kehrl, H AU - Berglund, B AU - O'Leary, A AU - Ross, G AU - Seltzer, J AU - Weisel, C AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, New York 14642, USA., ncohn@medinfo.rochester.edu Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 527 EP - 529 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Immunology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Sensitivity KW - immune system KW - Reviews KW - Immune system KW - Stress KW - Immunity KW - longitudinal studies KW - Psychoneuroimmunology KW - F 06910:Microorganisms & Parasites KW - N3 11024:Neuroimmunology KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21253427?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Psychoneuroimmunology.&rft.au=Cohen%2C+N%3BKehrl%2C+H%3BBerglund%2C+B%3BO%27Leary%2C+A%3BRoss%2C+G%3BSeltzer%2C+J%3BWeisel%2C+C&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+2&rft.spage=527&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Immune system; Reviews; Stress; Immunity; Psychoneuroimmunology; Sensitivity; immune system; longitudinal studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental approaches to chemical sensitivity: introduction and overview. AN - 21251575; 11703678 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kipen, H AU - Fiedler, N AD - University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey--Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway 08855, USA. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 405 EP - 407 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Sensitivity KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Experimental+approaches+to+chemical+sensitivity%3A+introduction+and+overview.&rft.au=Kipen%2C+H%3BFiedler%2C+N&rft.aulast=Kipen&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+2&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sensitivity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurogenic inflammation: with additional discussion of central and perceptual integration of nonneurogenic inflammation. AN - 21251505; 11701782 AB - The Working Group on Neurogenic Inflammation proposed 11 testable hypotheses in the three domains of neurogenic inflammation, perceptual and central integration, and nonneurogenic inflammation. The working group selected the term people reporting chemical sensitivity (PRCS) to identify the primary subject group. In the domain of neurogenic inflammation, testable hypotheses included: PRCS have an increased density of c-fiber neurons in symptomatic tissues; PRCS produce greater quantities of neuropeptides and prostanoids than nonsensitive subjects in response to exposure to low-level capsaicin or irritant chemicals; PRCS have an increased and prolonged response to exogenously administered c-fiber activators such as capsaicin; PRCS demonstrate augmentation of central autonomic reflexes following exposure to agents that produce c-fiber stimulation; PRCS have decreased quantities of neutral endopeptidase in their mucosa; exogenous neuropeptide challenge reproduces symptoms of PRCS. In the domain of perceptual and central integration, testable hypotheses included: PRCS have alterations in adaptation, habituation, cortical representation, perception, cognition, and hedonics compared to controls; the qualitative and quantitative interactions between trigeminal and olfactory systems are altered in PRCS; higher integration of sensory inputs is altered in PRCS. In the domain of nonneurogenic inflammation, testable hypotheses included: increased inflammation is present in PRCS in symptomatic tissues and is associated with a heightened neurosensory response; PRCS show an augmented inflammatory response to chemical exposure. The working group recommended that studies be initiated in these areas. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Bascom, R AU - Meggs, W J AU - Frampton, M AU - Hudnell, K AU - Killburn, K AU - Kobal, G AU - Medinsky, M AU - Rea, W AD - Environmental and Airway Diseases Research Facility, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA., bascom@umabnet.umd.ab.edu Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 531 EP - 537 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Sensitivity KW - Autonomic nervous system KW - Adaptations KW - Mucosa KW - Prostaglandins KW - Neprilysin KW - Capsaicin KW - Cognition KW - adaptability KW - Habituation KW - Inflammation KW - Integration KW - cognitive ability KW - Reflexes KW - Perception KW - Neurons KW - Sensory integration KW - Olfactory system KW - Neuropeptides KW - N3 11028:Neuropharmacology & toxicology KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251505?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Neurogenic+inflammation%3A+with+additional+discussion+of+central+and+perceptual+integration+of+nonneurogenic+inflammation.&rft.au=Bascom%2C+R%3BMeggs%2C+W+J%3BFrampton%2C+M%3BHudnell%2C+K%3BKillburn%2C+K%3BKobal%2C+G%3BMedinsky%2C+M%3BRea%2C+W&rft.aulast=Bascom&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+2&rft.spage=531&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Adaptations; Autonomic nervous system; Prostaglandins; Mucosa; Neprilysin; Capsaicin; Cognition; Inflammation; Habituation; Integration; Reflexes; Perception; Neurons; Sensory integration; Olfactory system; Neuropeptides; Sensitivity; cognitive ability; adaptability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Profile of patients with chemical injury and sensitivity. AN - 21251293; 11703673 AB - Patients reporting sensitivity to multiple chemicals at levels usually tolerated by the healthy population were administered standardized questionnaires to evaluate their symptoms and the exposures that aggravated these symptoms. Many patients were referred for medical tests. It is thought that patients with chemical sensitivity have organ abnormalities involving the liver, nervous system (brain, including limbic, peripheral, autonomic), immune system, and porphyrin metabolism, probably reflecting chemical injury to these systems. Laboratory results are not consistent with a psychologic origin of chemical sensitivity. Substantial overlap between chemical sensitivity, fibromyalgia, and chronic fatigue syndrome exists: the latter two conditions often involve chemical sensitivity and may even be the same disorder. Other disorders commonly seen in chemical sensitivity patients include headache (often migraine), chronic fatigue, musculoskeletal aching, chronic respiratory inflammation (rhinitis, sinusitis, laryngitis, asthma), attention deficit, and hyperactivity (affected younger children). Less common disorders include tremor, seizures, and mitral valve prolapse. Patients with these overlapping disorders should be evaluated for chemical sensitivity and excluded from control groups in future research. Agents whose exposures are associated with symptoms and suspected of causing onset of chemical sensitivity with chronic illness include gasoline, kerosene, natural gas, pesticides (especially chlordane and chlorpyrifos), solvents, new carpet and other renovation materials, adhesives/glues, fiberglass, carbonless copy paper, fabric softener, formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde, carpet shampoos (lauryl sulfate) and other cleaning agents, isocyanates, combustion products (poorly vented gas heaters, overheated batteries), and medications (dinitrochlorobenzene for warts, intranasally packed neosynephrine, prolonged antibiotics, and general anesthesia with petrochemicals). Multiple mechanisms of chemical injury that magnify response to exposures in chemically sensitive patients can include neurogenic inflammation (respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary), kindling and time-dependent sensitization (neurologic), impaired porphyrin metabolism (multiple organs), and immune activation. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Ziem, G AU - McTamney, J AD - Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 417 EP - 436 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - Sulfates KW - Sensitivity KW - Injuries KW - Pesticides KW - Petrochemicals KW - Organs KW - fatigue KW - Metabolism KW - ENA 09:Land Use & Planning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251293?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Profile+of+patients+with+chemical+injury+and+sensitivity.&rft.au=Ziem%2C+G%3BMcTamney%2C+J&rft.aulast=Ziem&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+2&rft.spage=417&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sulfates; Chlorpyrifos; Sensitivity; Injuries; Pesticides; Petrochemicals; Organs; Metabolism; fatigue ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical sensitivity: the scientific literature. AN - 21249782; 11703675 AB - This article provides an overview of the scientific literature in which chemically sensitive patients have been directly evaluated. For that purpose, consideration of various case definitions is offered along with summaries of subjects' demographic profiles, exposure characteristics, and symptom profiles across studies. Controlled investigations of chemically sensitive subjects without other organic illnesses are reviewed. To date, psychiatric, personality, cognitive/neurologic, immunologic, and olfactory studies have been conducted comparing subjects with primary chemical sensitivity to various control groups. Thus far, the most consistent finding is that chemically sensitive patients have a higher rate of psychiatric disorders across studies and relative to diverse comparison groups. However, since these studies are cross-sectional, causality cannot be implied. Demonstrating the role of low-level chemical exposure in a controlled environment has yet to be undertaken with this patient group and is crucial to the understanding of this phenomenon. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Fiedler, N AU - Kipen, H AD - University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway 08855, USA., nfiedler@eohsi.rutgers.edu. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 409 EP - 415 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - demography KW - Sensitivity KW - Reviews KW - personality KW - mental disorders KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21249782?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Chemical+sensitivity%3A+the+scientific+literature.&rft.au=Fiedler%2C+N%3BKipen%2C+H&rft.aulast=Fiedler&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+2&rft.spage=409&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - demography; Sensitivity; Reviews; personality; mental disorders ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of wind on water levels and lagoon-river exchange in the River Murray, Australia AN - 16521213; 4258607 AB - This paper examines river water levels and water exchange between the river and an adjacent lagoon at a site on the River Murray about 150 km from its discharge point into Lake Alexandrina. Riverine water levels at the site underwent significant fluctuations ( similar to 0.3 m) which appeared to be mainly associated with fluctuations in the N-S component of wind rather than with discharge. The lagoon studied was connected by a channel to the river. The measured flow through the channel was almost always out and had an average rate over the 30 days of the study which was large enough to empty the lagoon in 9 days. It is hypothesized that the replenishment flow to the lagoon occurred as a seeping flow through the bank separating the lagoon from the river. Successful comparisons between measurements and computer simulations of river water level and of the flow through the channel confirmed that it was the wind stress acting on the surface that mediated variations in riverine water levels and the exchange between river and lagoon. JF - Marine & Freshwater Research AU - Webster, I T AU - Maier, H AU - Baker, P AU - Burch, M AD - CSIRO Centre for Environmental Mechanics, GPO Box 821, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 541 EP - 550 VL - 48 IS - 6 SN - 1323-1650, 1323-1650 KW - Australia, Murray R. KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Water exchange KW - River discharge KW - Brackish KW - Freshwater KW - Seepage KW - Lagoons KW - Water levels KW - Water level fluctuations KW - Australia, New South Wales, Murray R. KW - Coastal lagoons KW - Wind setup KW - Lake dynamics KW - Wind KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - Q2 09167:Tides, surges and sea level UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16521213?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+%26+Freshwater+Research&rft.atitle=Influence+of+wind+on+water+levels+and+lagoon-river+exchange+in+the+River+Murray%2C+Australia&rft.au=Webster%2C+I+T%3BMaier%2C+H%3BBaker%2C+P%3BBurch%2C+M&rft.aulast=Webster&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=541&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+%26+Freshwater+Research&rft.issn=13231650&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water levels; Rivers; Water exchange; River discharge; Wind setup; Coastal lagoons; Lake dynamics; Lagoons; Wind; Water level fluctuations; Seepage; Australia, New South Wales, Murray R.; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Size characteristics and ageing of the environmental tobacco smoke AN - 16510772; 4414014 AB - The work presented here is a study of the behaviour of the particulate phase of ETS under controlled laboratory conditions and in real indoor environments with the aim of providing information for assessment of human exposure to ETS. This paper reports investigations of the size distribution of ETS and changes to the distribution with time under a range of environmental conditions. Measurements were performed using two instruments, the Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer and the Aerodynamic Particle Sizer, which enabled the determination of the precise locations of ETS peaks at frequent short time intervals. While total particle concentrations or changes in concentrations are not specific markers of ETS, peaks related to ETS in the spectral distribution of atmospheric particles, for a properly designed experiment, are. The presence and locations of these peaks are characteristic of ETS in indoor environments and are clearly distinguishable from the background particle distribution. It is demonstrated that an initial ETS size distribution in an indoor environment about 10 min after generation by a human smoker has a major peak in the submicron range between 60 and 90 nm. The location of the peak does not depend on the relative humidity, but does depend on the way the cigarette is smoked. An increase in particle size in the range of 20 to 50%, takes place in the first 30 to 60 min after ETS generation and then remains unchanged for the duration of the experiment. A decrease in particle size (shrinkage), was not observed during these experiments. JF - Science of the Total Environment AU - Morawska, L AU - Jamriska, M AU - Bofinger, N D AD - Centre for Medical and Health Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, 2 George Street, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane Q4001, Australia Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 43 EP - 55 VL - 196 IS - 1 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16510772?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=Size+characteristics+and+ageing+of+the+environmental+tobacco+smoke&rft.au=Morawska%2C+L%3BJamriska%2C+M%3BBofinger%2C+N+D&rft.aulast=Morawska&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=196&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature stratification in the lower River Murray, Australia: Implication for cyanobacterial bloom development AN - 16346260; 4292808 AB - The relationship between temperature stratification of the water column, river discharge and meteorological forcing was examined for the lower River Murray by using a combination of field measurements and a simple mixing criterion. Wind was found to be the dominant variable affecting the degree of temperature stratification under low flow conditions typical of summer. The results of a three-month intensive study were used in conjunction with six years of historical data to determine the stratification potential of the lower River Murray and its implication for water quality and cyanobacterial bloom development. The physical characteristics and therefore stratification behaviour of the water column in the river section studied are not conducive to sustained blooms at any time of the year because of a combination of strong winds and sufficiently high river discharges. JF - Marine & Freshwater Research AU - Bormans, M AU - Maier, H AU - Burch, M AU - Baker, P AD - CSIRO Land and Water, Environ. Mechanics Lab., GPO Box 821, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 647 EP - 654 VL - 48 IS - 7 SN - 1323-1650, 1323-1650 KW - Australia, South Australia, Murray R. KW - algal blooms KW - phytoplankton KW - river discharge KW - thermal stratification KW - winds KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Algal blooms KW - Winds KW - Phytoplankton KW - Freshwater KW - Thermal stratification KW - Wind KW - Algae KW - Rivers KW - River discharge KW - Atmospheric forcing KW - Cyanophyta KW - K 03009:Algae KW - Q1 08221:General KW - Q1 08461:Plankton KW - D 04627:Algae/lichens KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16346260?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+%26+Freshwater+Research&rft.atitle=Temperature+stratification+in+the+lower+River+Murray%2C+Australia%3A+Implication+for+cyanobacterial+bloom+development&rft.au=Bormans%2C+M%3BMaier%2C+H%3BBurch%2C+M%3BBaker%2C+P&rft.aulast=Bormans&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=647&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+%26+Freshwater+Research&rft.issn=13231650&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Algal blooms; Winds; Atmospheric forcing; River discharge; Phytoplankton; Thermal stratification; Wind; Algae; Cyanophyta; Australia, South Australia, Murray R.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute lower respiratory infections in rural Bangladesh children: Patterns of treatment and identification of barriers AN - 16244872; 4232640 AB - A study conducted in rural Bangladesh examined the patterns of health seeking behavior, mothers' recognition of symptoms, the perceived causes and barriers to timely treatment of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI). A total of 194 children under 5 years of age suffering from ALRI in an intensive maternal child death and family planning area was prospectively followed. About 62% of the mothers sought allopathic treatment for their children within 24 hours of case detection. No treatment of any kind was sought in 45 (23.2%) cases. Most of the mothers could recognize the different symptoms of ALRI. Cold was reported as the most common cause of ALRI. No significant difference was observed in the reported symptoms or perceived cause of the disease between those who sought no treatment and those who sought allopathic, homeopathic, spiritual or combined treatments. Failure to recognize severity followed by work loss were the most common reasons identified for not seeking any medical care. Whether or not a mother sought allopathic treatment was not associated with the child's age, sex, mother's age, mother's education, duration of illness, birth order, housing type or distance from the health center. The study indicates the potential value of giving parents clear guidelines on recognition of severity of symptoms of ALRI and motivating them to seek treatment quickly when these symptoms present. JF - SOUTHEAST ASIAN J. TROP. MED. PUBLIC HEALTH AU - Zaman, K AU - Zeitlyn, S AU - Chakraborty, J AU - de Francisco, A AU - Yunus, M AD - ICDDR, B, GPO Box-128, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 99 EP - 106 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0038-3619, 0038-3619 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16244872?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SOUTHEAST+ASIAN+J.+TROP.+MED.+PUBLIC+HEALTH&rft.atitle=Acute+lower+respiratory+infections+in+rural+Bangladesh+children%3A+Patterns+of+treatment+and+identification+of+barriers&rft.au=Zaman%2C+K%3BZeitlyn%2C+S%3BChakraborty%2C+J%3Bde+Francisco%2C+A%3BYunus%2C+M&rft.aulast=Zaman&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SOUTHEAST+ASIAN+J.+TROP.+MED.+PUBLIC+HEALTH&rft.issn=00383619&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Patterns of growth and setal development in the deep-sea worm, Strepternos didymopyton (Polychaeta: Chrysopetalidae) AN - 16054124; 4101032 AB - A number of post-larval and juvenile chrysopetalid polychaetes were made available for study from experimental wooden panels collected in deep waters of the western Atlantic Ocean. Benthic post-larvae of 10 to 11 segments possess a large rounded prostomium with eye spots, two pairs of larval dorsal and ventral cirri and cilia tufts associated with sites where notopodia are developing on segment 2. Juveniles of 12 to 30 segments exhibit reduction in size of prostomium; gradual loss of eye pigment; loss of larval cirri; development of notopodia of segment 2 and subsequent torsion of neuropodia of segment 2 dorsally. Juveniles display distinctive petaloid notosetal paleae and notosetal patterns unlike the narrow, pointed paleae and notosetal patterns observed in adults. Observed setal change is linked to hypothetical life strategies of Strepternos didymopyton. Possible origins and function of paleate setal change is discussed. JF - Bulletin of Marine Science AU - Russell, C W A2 - Reish, DJ A2 - Qian, Pei-Yuan (eds) Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 22 EP - 426 KW - embryonic development KW - functional morphology KW - setae KW - Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - organogenesis KW - ontogeny KW - life history KW - ANW, Atlantic KW - Strepternos didymopyton KW - Q1 08244:Reproduction and development KW - D 04657:Annelids KW - O 1030:Invertebrates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16054124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Ecology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Russell%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Patterns+of+growth+and+setal+development+in+the+deep-sea+worm%2C+Strepternos+didymopyton+%28Polychaeta%3A+Chrysopetalidae%29&rft.title=Patterns+of+growth+and+setal+development+in+the+deep-sea+worm%2C+Strepternos+didymopyton+%28Polychaeta%3A+Chrysopetalidae%29&rft.issn=00074977&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-10-08 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Light response characteristics of a morphologically diverse group of southern hemisphere conifers as measured by chlorophyll fluorescence AN - 16035897; 4093061 AB - Unlike northern hemisphere conifer families, the southern family, Podocarpaceae, produces a great variety of foliage forms ranging from functionally broad-, to needle-leaved. The production of broad photosynthetic surfaces in podocarps has been linked qualitatively to low-light-environments, and we undertook to assess the validity of this assumption by measuring the light response of a morphologically diverse group of podocarps. The light response, as apparent photochemical electron transport rate (ETR), was measured by modulated fluorescence in ten species of this family and six associated species (including five Cupressaceae and one functionally needle-leaved angiosperm) all grown under identical glasshouse conditions. In all species, ETR was found to increase as light intensity increased, reaching a peak value (ETR sub(max)) at saturating quantum flux (PPFD sub(sat)), and decreasing thereafter. ETR sub(max) ranged from 217 mu mol electrons/m super(2)/s at a PPFD sub(sat) of 1725 mu mol photons/m super(2) s in Actinostrobus acuminatus to an ETR of 60 mu mol electrons/m super(2)/s at a PPFD sub(sat) of 745 mu mol electrons/m super(2)/s in Podocarpus dispermis. Good correlations were observed between ETR sub(max) and both PPFD sub(sat) and maximum assimilation rate measured by gas-exchange analysis. The effective quantum yield at light saturation remained constant in all species with an average value of 0.278 plus or minus 0.0035 determined for all 16 species. Differences in the shapes of light response curves were related to differences in the response of non-photochemical quenching (q sub(n)), with q sub(n) saturating faster in species with low PPFD sub(sat). Amongst the species of Podocarpaceae, the log of average shoot width was well correlated with PPFD sub(sat), wider leaves saturating at lower light intensities. This suggests that broadly flattened shoots in the Podocarpaceae are an adaptation to low light intensity. JF - Oecologia AU - Brodribb, T AU - Hill, R S AD - Dep. Plant Sci., Univ. Tasmania, GPO Box 252C, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 10 EP - 17 VL - 110 IS - 1 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - morphology KW - leaf characters KW - Podocarpaceae KW - light intensity KW - shade KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16035897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Light+response+characteristics+of+a+morphologically+diverse+group+of+southern+hemisphere+conifers+as+measured+by+chlorophyll+fluorescence&rft.au=Brodribb%2C+T%3BHill%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Brodribb&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Podocarpaceae; shade; leaf characters; light intensity; morphology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The influence of topography on meteorological variables and surface-atmosphere interactions AN - 15983751; 4084303 AB - Topography perturbs practically every process and variable relevant to land-atmosphere interactions, including radiation, air temperature and saturation deficit, wind and turbulence, cloudiness and precipitation, and properties of the soil and vegetation. We review progress in understanding some of these influences, concentrating on the wind field and the exchanges of scalars (especially sensible and latent heat) over low to moderate hills, both without and with flow separation. The treatment of the wind field is based on a physical division of the flow into inner, outer and wake regions. This framework is used to discuss modelling approaches, measurements of both the mean flow and the turbulence, special processes in the wake region, and the effects of stratification. Scalar transfer and the surface energy balance are discussed first in terms of a linear theory which accommodates radiative, aerodynamic, and elevation perturbations on the surface energy balance over hills. The linear theory provides general scales for determining the relative magnitudes of these perturbations, but its quantitative predictions are limited to low slopes without separation. Next, wind tunnel experiments are used to study the aerodynamic perturbations on scalar transfer caused by hills in situations outside the scope of the linear theory, such as flows with separation. Finally, the wind tunnel results are extrapolated to the atmosphere, using the framework of a convective boundary layer model. It is found that, for relatively gentle topography, the regional surface energy balance (spatially averaged over several hills) is insensitive to the presence of the topography. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Raupach, M R AU - Finnigan, J J AD - CSIRO Cent. for Environ. Mechanics, GPO Box 821, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 182 EP - 213 VL - 190 IS - 3-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - meteorology KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - climates KW - topography KW - air-earth interfaces KW - energy KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15983751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+topography+on+meteorological+variables+and+surface-atmosphere+interactions&rft.au=Raupach%2C+M+R%3BFinnigan%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Raupach&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=190&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=182&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Aggregate description of land-atmosphere interactions. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - topography; air-earth interfaces; energy; climates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transfer RNA-mediated suppression of amber stop codons in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana AN - 15982949; 4069672 AB - An artificial amber suppressor tRNA super(Leu) gene (supL) was physically linked to a mutated gus reporter gene, p35S-gus(amL), which was inactivated by an amber stop codon (amL). Upon introduction into Arabidopsis thaliana, the presence of the supL gene was found to be correlated with cytotoxic effects observed during tissue culture and in mature plants. Those primary transformants that displayed cytotoxic symptoms were shown by X-Gluc staining to express GUS as a result of amber stop codon suppression in vivo. Phenotypically normal lines were found by RT-PCR to express supL. GUS activity above background level was barely detectable in these plants, indicating a low level expression of supL. However, the remaining suppressor activity was still sufficient to transactivate an amber-mutated male sterility gene, pA9-barnase(amL1) when combined within the same plant by crossing. The suppressor tRNA super(Leu) gene may thus be used in transgenic plants for gene transactivation. JF - Plant Journal AU - Betzner, A S AU - Oakes, M P AU - Huttner, E AD - Groupe Limagrain Pacific Pty Limited, Research School of Biological Sciences, The Australian National University, GPO Box 475, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 587 EP - 595 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0960-7412, 0960-7412 KW - supL gene KW - tRNA Leu KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - transgenic plants KW - amber mutant KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07353:GENERAL KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15982949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Journal&rft.atitle=Transfer+RNA-mediated+suppression+of+amber+stop+codons+in+transgenic+Arabidopsis+thaliana&rft.au=Betzner%2C+A+S%3BOakes%2C+M+P%3BHuttner%2C+E&rft.aulast=Betzner&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=587&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Journal&rft.issn=09607412&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - transgenic plants; amber mutant; Arabidopsis thaliana ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fisheries stock assessment and decision analysis: The Bayesian approach AN - 15973806; 4071585 AB - The Bayesian approach to stock assessment determines the probabilities of alternative hypothesis using information for the stock in question and from inferences for other stocks/species. These probabilities are essential if the consequence of alternative management actions are to be evaluated through a decision analysis. Using the Bayesian approach to stock assessment and decision analysis it becomes possible to admit the full range of uncertainty and use the collective historical experience of fisheries science when estimating the consequences of proposed management actions. Recent advances in computing algorithms and power have allowed methods based on the Bayesian approach to be used even for fairly complex stock assessment models and to be within the reach of most stock assessment scientists. However, to avoid coming to ill-founded conclusions, care must be taken when selecting prior distributions. In particular, selection of priors designed to be noninformative with respect to quantities of interest to management is problematic. The arguments of the paper are illustrated using New Zealand's western stock of hoki, Macruronus novaezelandiae (Merlucciidae) and the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas stock of bowhead whales as examples. JF - Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries AU - Punt, A E AU - Hilborn, R AD - Div. Mar. Res., CSIRO, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 35 EP - 63 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 0960-3166, 0960-3166 KW - methodology KW - statistical analysis KW - Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - risks KW - fishery management KW - stock assessment KW - Q1 08603:Fishery statistics and sampling KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - O 5090:Instruments/Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15973806?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reviews+in+Fish+Biology+and+Fisheries&rft.atitle=Fisheries+stock+assessment+and+decision+analysis%3A+The+Bayesian+approach&rft.au=Punt%2C+A+E%3BHilborn%2C+R&rft.aulast=Punt&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reviews+in+Fish+Biology+and+Fisheries&rft.issn=09603166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - risks; fishery management; stock assessment; methodology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mercury in waters of the Derwent Estuary -- sample treatment and analysis AN - 15923788; 4050342 AB - A reliable procedure for mercury sample collection, storage and analysis has been established for estuarine waters using relatively inexpensive reagents and apparatus. SnCl sub(2)-reactive (easily reducible), acid-labile (30-day storage of unfiltered samples with 1% HNO sub(3), and particulate mercury were determined in water samples from the Derwent Estuary using a preconcentration step followed by syringe-injection cold-vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy. Acid-labile and particulate mercury results were closely correlated, indicating that suspended particulate matter was the main contributor to mercury in the water column. Bottom waters in mid-reaches of the estuary displayed the highest acid-labile mercury concentrations, with values up to 350 ng/l consistently exceeding national guidelines (100 ng/l), but indicating improvement over values of 16,000 ng/l reported in 1975. Further experiments confirmed the high mercury scavenging ability of suspended particulate matter in the Derwent Estuary, and indicate the ultimate fate of these particles is the dominant sink for inorganic mercury in the estuary. JF - Marine Pollution Bulletin AU - Plaschke, R AU - Pont, G D AU - Butler, ECV AD - CSIRO Div. Oceanography, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 177 EP - 185 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0025-326X, 0025-326X KW - Australia, Tasmania, Derwent Estuary KW - chemical speciation KW - estuarine chemistry KW - hydroelectric plants KW - pollution effects KW - sample storage KW - speciation KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - PSE, Australia, Tasmania, Derwent Estuary KW - industrial wastes KW - estuaries KW - mercury KW - Brackish KW - water sampling KW - stratification KW - O 4095:Instruments/Methods KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - SW 0890:Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15923788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Mercury+in+waters+of+the+Derwent+Estuary+--+sample+treatment+and+analysis&rft.au=Plaschke%2C+R%3BPont%2C+G+D%3BButler%2C+ECV&rft.aulast=Plaschke&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&rft.issn=0025326X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - industrial wastes; estuaries; stratification; water sampling; estuarine chemistry; pollution effects; chemical speciation; sample storage; mercury; hydroelectric plants; speciation; PSE, Australia, Tasmania, Derwent Estuary; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Possible Relevance of Pigeons as an Indicator Species for Monitoring Air Pollution AN - 14451501; 10534572 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Schilderman, Pauline AEL AU - Hoogewerff, Jurian A AU - van Schooten, Frederik-Jan AU - Maas, Lou M AU - Moonen, Edwin JC AU - van Os, Mertil JH AU - van Wijnen, Joop H Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 322 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - URBAN ATMOSPHERE KW - POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON KW - HEAVY METALS KW - NETHERLANDS KW - BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS, AIR KW - DNA KW - BIOACCUMULATION, BIRD KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14451501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Possible+Relevance+of+Pigeons+as+an+Indicator+Species+for+Monitoring+Air+Pollution&rft.au=Schilderman%2C+Pauline+AEL%3BHoogewerff%2C+Jurian+A%3Bvan+Schooten%2C+Frederik-Jan%3BMaas%2C+Lou+M%3BMoonen%2C+Edwin+JC%3Bvan+Os%2C+Mertil+JH%3Bvan+Wijnen%2C+Joop+H&rft.aulast=Schilderman&rft.aufirst=Pauline&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=322&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 4 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - NETHERLANDS; HEAVY METALS; DNA; BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS, AIR; BIOACCUMULATION, BIRD; URBAN ATMOSPHERE; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the Population Distribution of Dietary Contaminant Exposure in an Arctic Population Using Monte Carlo Statistics AN - 14451453; 10534571 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Chan, Hing Man AU - Berti, Peter R AU - Receveur, Olivier AU - Kuhnlein, Harriet V Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 316 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - ARCTIC ECOSYSTEMS KW - POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS KW - QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - FOOD CONTAMINATION KW - CHLORDANE KW - INDIGENOUS PEOPLE KW - TOXAPHENE KW - MERCURY KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14451453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+Population+Distribution+of+Dietary+Contaminant+Exposure+in+an+Arctic+Population+Using+Monte+Carlo+Statistics&rft.au=Chan%2C+Hing+Man%3BBerti%2C+Peter+R%3BReceveur%2C+Olivier%3BKuhnlein%2C+Harriet+V&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Hing&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=316&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 9 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ARCTIC ECOSYSTEMS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; INDIGENOUS PEOPLE; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; TOXAPHENE; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN; MERCURY; CHLORDANE; FOOD CONTAMINATION ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intrauterine Growth Retardation in Iowa Communities with Herbicide-Contaminated Drinking Water Supplies AN - 14451421; 10534570 AB - The Rathburn rural water system in Iowa was found to contain elevated levels of triazine herbicides. Water samples were collected from this system and from other similar systems in the state, and the relationship between herbicide residues and the rates of low birth weight, prematurity, and intrauterine growth retardation was compared. Most contaminants were detected more often in surface-water sources than in groundwater. The Rathburn water samples contained greater rates of positive detections of alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, metolachlor, and 2,4-D than samples from the other systems. The rate of live births with intrauterine growth retardation was 1.8 times higher in the Rathburn-served communities than the others. In addition, low birth weight was marginally greater and prematurity was marginally less in the Rathburn-served communities. Further study is warranted. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Munger, Ronald AU - Isacson, Peter AU - Hu, Song AU - Burns, Trudy AU - Hanson, James AU - Lynch, Charles F AU - Cherryholmes, Keith Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 308 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - IOWA KW - REPRODUCTION, HUMAN KW - WATER, DRINKING KW - HERBICIDE RESIDUES KW - WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14451421?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Intrauterine+Growth+Retardation+in+Iowa+Communities+with+Herbicide-Contaminated+Drinking+Water+Supplies&rft.au=Munger%2C+Ronald%3BIsacson%2C+Peter%3BHu%2C+Song%3BBurns%2C+Trudy%3BHanson%2C+James%3BLynch%2C+Charles+F%3BCherryholmes%2C+Keith&rft.aulast=Munger&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=308&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 4 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - IOWA; REPRODUCTION, HUMAN; WATER, DRINKING; WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS; HERBICIDE RESIDUES ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Postnatal Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke as Predisposition Factors to Acute Respiratory Infections AN - 14450344; 10534569 AB - Respiratory morbidity was compared in 9-yr-old children exposed and unexposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Of the mothers examined, 15.6% smoked cigarettes during the entire pregnancy. A high correlation was found between maternal smoking during pregnancy, postnatal maternal smoking, and environmental tobacco smoke exposure of children. Environmental tobacco smoke affected susceptibility to respiratory infections to a smaller degree than smoking by mothers during pregnancy. The prevalence of children predisposed to acute respiratory infections increased with the number of cigarettes smoked daily in the household. The presence of an allergy significantly strengthened the effects of environmental tobacco smoke. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Jedrychowski, Wieslaw AU - Flak, Elzbieta Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 302 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - PATHOLOGY, CHILDREN KW - RESPIRATORY DISORDERS KW - AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR KW - CIGARETTE SMOKE KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14450344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Maternal+Smoking+During+Pregnancy+and+Postnatal+Exposure+to+Environmental+Tobacco+Smoke+as+Predisposition+Factors+to+Acute+Respiratory+Infections&rft.au=Jedrychowski%2C+Wieslaw%3BFlak%2C+Elzbieta&rft.aulast=Jedrychowski&rft.aufirst=Wieslaw&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=302&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 4 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - PATHOLOGY, CHILDREN; RESPIRATORY DISORDERS; AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR; CIGARETTE SMOKE ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Xenobiotics May Disrupt Normal Endocrine Function by Interfering with the Binding of Physiological Ligands to Steroid Receptors and Binding Proteins AN - 14447542; 10534568 AB - The endocrine-disrupting effects of many xenobiotics can be interpreted as interference with the steroidal regulation of the normal development and function of the male and female reproductive tracts, and the initial step in the mechanism of action of steroid hormones is binding to the receptors or binding proteins. Binding assays were conducted using xenobiotics that had been found to be endocrine-disrupters in an effort to determine whether the xenobiotics acted through steroid-receptor or steroid-binding protein pathways. Results indicated that the xenobiotics interacted in a specific and differential manner with the estrogen receptor, androgen receptor, androgen-binding protein, and sex hormone-binding globulin. Especially DDT congeners were able to interfere with the binding of natural ligands to two or more binding moieties, thus amplifying their potential endocrine-disruption effects. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Danzo, Benjamin J Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 294 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - DDT KW - PATHOLOGY, ANIMALLABORATORY KW - PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES, ANIMAL KW - CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION KW - HORMONES KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14447542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Environmental+Xenobiotics+May+Disrupt+Normal+Endocrine+Function+by+Interfering+with+the+Binding+of+Physiological+Ligands+to+Steroid+Receptors+and+Binding+Proteins&rft.au=Danzo%2C+Benjamin+J&rft.aulast=Danzo&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=294&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 9 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DDT; PATHOLOGY, ANIMALLABORATORY; CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION; PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES, ANIMAL; HORMONES ER - TY - GEN T1 - [Mexico Drug Certification; Attached to Fax Cover Sheet; Includes Attachment] AN - 1679113422; MD01416 AB - Senator Feinstein encourages President Clinton not to certify Mexico for counternarcotics purposes, citing failure to capture major drug traffickers, among other reasons. AU - United States. Congress. Senate AD - United States. Congress. Senate PY - 1997 SP - 5 KW - Clinton, William J. KW - Congressional relations KW - Drug certification KW - Drug seizures KW - Drug traffickers KW - Extradition KW - Laundering of funds KW - Police corruption UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1679113422?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Adnsa_md&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=%5BMexico+Drug+Certification%3B+Attached+to+Fax+Cover+Sheet%3B+Includes+Attachment%5D&rft.au=United+States.+Congress.+Senate&rft.aulast=United+States.+Congress.+Senate&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Digital National Security Archive N1 - Analyte descriptor - NSA document type: Letter N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-16 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Counternarcotics Efforts in Mexico and Along the Southwest Border AN - 1679099252; MD01415 AB - Considers implications of arrest of Mexican drug czar General Gutiérrez Rebollo on drug-related charges on certification of Mexico for narcotics cooperation. AU - United States. Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Subcommittee on National Security, International Affairs, and Criminal Justice AD - United States. Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Subcommittee on National Security, International Affairs, and Criminal Justice PY - 1997 SP - 127 KW - Colombia KW - Congressional hearings KW - Drug certification KW - Drug traffic KW - Intelligence collection KW - Texas KW - Castañeda, Antonio KW - Barrett, Thomas M. KW - Zedillo Ponce de León, Ernesto KW - Gelbard, Robert S. KW - Souder, Mark E. KW - Constantine, Thomas A. KW - Barr, Robert L., Jr. KW - LaTourette, Steven C. KW - Turner, James KW - Schiff, Steven H. KW - Gutiérrez Rebollo, José de Jesús KW - Mica, John L. KW - Kruhm, Douglas M. KW - Hastert, J. Dennis KW - Bonilla, Henry KW - Warren, Mary Lee KW - Castañeda, Antonio KW - Barrett, Thomas M. KW - Zedillo Ponce de León, Ernesto KW - Gelbard, Robert S. KW - Souder, Mark E. KW - Constantine, Thomas A. KW - Barr, Robert L., Jr. KW - LaTourette, Steven C. KW - Turner, James KW - Schiff, Steven H. KW - Gutiérrez Rebollo, José de Jesús KW - Mica, John L. KW - Kruhm, Douglas M. KW - Hastert, J. Dennis KW - Bonilla, Henry KW - Warren, Mary Lee UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1679099252?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Adnsa_md&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Counternarcotics+Efforts+in+Mexico+and+Along+the+Southwest+Border&rft.au=United+States.+Congress.+House.+Committee+on+Oversight+and+Government+Reform.+Subcommittee+on+National+Security%2C+International+Affairs%2C+and+Criminal+Justice&rft.aulast=United+States.+Congress.+House.+Committee+on+Oversight+and+Government+Reform.+Subcommittee+on+National+Security&rft.aufirst=International&rft.date=1997-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.gpo.gov/. LA - English DB - Digital National Security Archive N1 - Name - Mexico. Attorney General's Office. National Institute to Combat Drugs; United States. Department of Justice; United States. Department of Justice. Drug Enforcement Administration; United States. Department of the Treasury. Customs Service; United States. Immigration and Naturalization Service. Border Patrol N1 - Analyte descriptor - NSA document type: Hearing; Location of original: Available [Online]: Government Printing Office N1 - People - Barr, Robert L., Jr.; Barrett, Thomas M.; Bonilla, Henry; Castañeda, Antonio; Constantine, Thomas A.; Gelbard, Robert S.; Gutiérrez Rebollo, José de Jesús; Hastert, J. Dennis; Kruhm, Douglas M.; LaTourette, Steven C.; Mica, John L.; Schiff, Steven H.; Souder, Mark E.; Turner, James; Warren, Mary Lee; Zedillo Ponce de León, Ernesto N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - BLENDING HEIGHTS FOR WINDS OBLIQUE TO CHECKERBOARDS AN - 787228845; 13660232 AB - Analysis of the two-dimensional checkerboardproblem of many alternating surfaces with different properties andvarious scales and aspect ratios is extended to the general case ofwinds oblique to the surface pattern. Relevant periodic solutions ofa three-dimensional atmospheric convection-diffusion equation arefound, and used to estimate blending heights for both concentrationand flux. Illustrative results show negligible directional effect on blendingheight for X1* (the smaller pattern wavelength) of 10 m, but a ratio of maximum/minimum heights of about 3 to 5 for X1* = 100 m. For X1* = 1000 mthe directional variation is strongly peaked with a maximum/minimum ratio of 8 to 14. At fixed X1* the maximum increases with check aspect ratio. It is associated withthe case where the wind blows along one check diagonal. In thatsingular situation, damping of the dominant harmonic varying normalto the diagonal depends purely on transverse and vertical diffusion:horizontal convection and wind shear play no part. JF - Boundary-Layer Meteorology AU - Philip, J R AD - CSIRO Centre for Environmental Mechanics, GPO Box 821, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 263 EP - 281 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 82 IS - 2 SN - 0006-8314, 0006-8314 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Shear KW - Convection KW - Wind shear KW - Convection development KW - Fluctuations KW - Wind KW - Wavelengths KW - M2 551.557:Upper Air Wind (551.557) KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/787228845?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boundary-Layer+Meteorology&rft.atitle=BLENDING+HEIGHTS+FOR+WINDS+OBLIQUE+TO+CHECKERBOARDS&rft.au=Philip%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Philip&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Boundary-Layer+Meteorology&rft.issn=00068314&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1000241532760 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind shear; Convection development; Convection; Shear; Fluctuations; Wind; Wavelengths DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1000241532760 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Minorities in Higher Education. Findings from "The Condition of Education, 1996," No. 9. AN - 62606774; ED405792 AB - This report presents data on the plans and expectations, preparation and course-taking patterns, college enrollment rates, and college persistence and completion of minorities in comparison with the majority, white population. The data reported show the following: (1) that while almost all high school seniors expect to complete at least some college, Hispanic seniors are less likely to plan to attend college right after high school; (2) that black and Hispanic graduates are less likely than white peers to make an immediate transition to college with Hispanics more likely to enroll in two-year colleges; (3) that white and Asian/Pacific Islanders are more likely than black and Hispanic counterparts to persist toward a bachelor's degree; (4) that black and American Indian/Alaskan Native graduates are less likely than white and Asian/Pacific Islanders to earn a bachelor's degree in 4 years or less; (5) that while several minority groups major in fields that will help them recoup college costs, black, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islanders are less likely than whites to major in education, with the last-named group more likely than whites to major in computer science and engineering. The report also reviews an alternative approach to assessing these data. (Contains 35 references.) (CH) AU - Smith, Thomas M. Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 44 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160489962 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - High School Graduates KW - College Bound Students KW - Blacks KW - Pacific Americans KW - Sociocultural Patterns KW - Higher Education KW - American Indians KW - Enrollment Rate KW - Minority Groups KW - Hispanic Americans KW - High Schools KW - Relevance (Education) KW - Course Selection (Students) KW - Asian Americans KW - Academic Persistence KW - College Preparation KW - Tables (Data) KW - Alaska Natives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62606774?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For "The Condition of Education, 1996," see ED 394 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - NAEP 1996 Mathematics Report Card for the Nation and the States. Findings from the National Assessment of Educational Progress. AN - 62600120; ED406223 AB - For more than a quarter of a century, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) has reported to policy makers, educators, and the general public on the educational achievement of students in the United States. The NAEP 1996 mathematics assessment continues the mandate to evaluate and report the educational progress of students at grades 4, 8, and 12. The national results provided in this report describe students' mathematics achievement at each grade within various subgroups of the general population. State-level results for grades 4 and 8 are presented for individual states and jurisdictions that chose to participate in the 1996 state assessment. In addition, trends in performance since 1990 are reported for the nation and for states and jurisdictions that participated in the 1990, 1992, and 1996 assessments. Chapters include: (1) "NAEP 1996 Mathematics Assessment"; (2) "Mathematics Scale Score Results: National and State Trends and Comparisons"; (3) "Achievement Level Results"; and (4) "Exploring a More Inclusive NAEP". (JRH) AU - Reese, Clyde M. Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 171 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160490138 KW - National Assessment of Educational Progress KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Evaluation KW - Academic Achievement KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Tables (Data) KW - Mathematics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62600120?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Time Spent Teaching Core Academic Subjects in Elementary Schools. Comparisons across Community, School, Teacher, and Student Characteristics. Statistical Analysis Report. AN - 62594050; ED406456 AB - The proportion of time that elementary school teachers use to teach core academic subjects (English/reading/language arts, mathematics, social studies, science) is an important aspect of instruction. Spending a large proportion of time teaching core curriculum subjects may be important not only in terms of school quality, but also in terms of teacher satisfaction. This report compares the amount of time spent teaching the four basic subjects to the amount of time students spend in school each week. It compares various school and student variables, such as control of school, urbanicity, school size, percentage of minority students, and percentage of students eligible for free lunch, as well as other classroom and teacher variables. Data come from the Schools and Staffing Survey for years 1987-88 to 1993-94. Given the heterogeneity of schools in the United States, remarkably few differences were found in the percentage of school time teachers in the first four grades spent on the core subjects. Public school teachers spent about 68% of their time, or almost 22 hours each week, on core curriculum, and private school elementary teachers spent about 58% of their time. The percentage of time spent on core subjects changed relatively little from 1987 to 1994. However, teachers spent more time on out-of-classroom activities in 1993-94, a finding that may explain how teachers balance the pressures of instructional time and time for additional responsibilities. Three appendixes contain tables concerning time allocation, standard errors for those tables, and technical notes for the analysis. (Contains 5 tables, 22 appendix tables, 4 figures, and 17 references.) (SLD) AU - Perie, Marianne Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 77 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-97-293 KW - Schools and Staffing Survey (NCES) KW - Teacher Satisfaction KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Low Income Groups KW - Institutional Characteristics KW - Elementary Education KW - Reading KW - Teacher Characteristics KW - Student Characteristics KW - Social Studies KW - Language Arts KW - Urban Schools KW - National Surveys KW - Core Curriculum KW - Mathematics KW - Comparative Analysis KW - Time Factors (Learning) KW - Sciences KW - Public Schools KW - Minority Groups KW - Scheduling KW - School Size KW - Time Management KW - Private Schools KW - Time on Task UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62594050?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Federal Libraries and Information Centers Data, FY 1994: On Disk [Diskette]. AN - 62509674; ED410958 AB - This diskette contains the data file from the Federal Libraries and Information Centers Survey, Fiscal Year 1994. The survey gathered data on federal libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia for fiscal year 1994. This data file contains descriptive data about each federal library's services and operations, including: organization and structure; visitation and clientele; automation and telecommunications; the number of hours open; type and size of collections; number of library service transactions; number of full-time equivalent paid staff; expenditures; trends; and preservation issues. (SWC) Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 EP - 0 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, New Orders, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954 (stock number 065-000-00974-9; $16). KW - Federal Libraries and Information Centers Survey KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Library Statistics KW - Library Personnel KW - Government Libraries KW - Library Collections KW - Federal Government KW - National Surveys KW - Library Services KW - Library Expenditures KW - Library Surveys KW - Library Automation KW - Preservation KW - Tables (Data) KW - Users (Information) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62509674?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aeric&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Federal+Libraries+and+Information+Centers+Data%2C+FY+1994%3A+On+Disk+%5BDiskette%5D.&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2009-07-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=00314005&rft_id=info:doi/10.1542%2Fpeds.2008-2892 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 3 - Indexed only N1 - SuppNotes - For corresponding report, see ED 397 859. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Communal Conflict, NGOs, and the Power of Religious Symbols AN - 61542125; 199700371 AB - The efforts of an indigenous nongovernmental organization (NGO) in Ahmedabad, India, formed in 1992 by a Jesuit priest to help flood victims & then transformed with the aim of preventing communal violence, are described, & an attempt is made to explain why the use of religious symbols seems to be particularly potent in causing slum riots. Lessons that might help other NGOs -- international & indigenous -- attempting to counteract communal violence are outlined. 11 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Development in Practice AU - Bock, Joseph G AD - Catholic Relief Services, PO Box 1657 Islamabad Pakistan fax: 92-51262507 mail%crs%sdnpk@sdnhq.undp.org Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 17 EP - 25 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 0961-4524, 0961-4524 KW - communal conflict prevention, indigenous nongovernmental organization efforts, Ahmedabad, India, religious symbols power KW - Social Conflict KW - Riots KW - Indigenous Populations KW - Hindus KW - Slums KW - Religious Behavior KW - Violence KW - Muslims KW - Symbolism KW - India KW - Nongovernmental Organizations KW - article KW - 8340: social development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61542125?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Development+in+Practice&rft.atitle=Communal+Conflict%2C+NGOs%2C+and+the+Power+of+Religious+Symbols&rft.au=Bock%2C+Joseph+G&rft.aulast=Bock&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Development+in+Practice&rft.issn=09614524&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nongovernmental Organizations; India; Riots; Indigenous Populations; Violence; Symbolism; Religious Behavior; Muslims; Hindus; Slums; Social Conflict ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Handbook of Latin American studies AN - 39018365; 1607354 JF - Hispanic American historical review AU - Szuchman, Mark D AU - Szuchman, Mark D Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 75 EP - 76 VL - 77 IS - 1 SN - 0018-2168, 0018-2168 KW - Sociology KW - Economics KW - Political Science KW - Handbooks KW - Latin America KW - Social history UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39018365?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hispanic+American+historical+review&rft.atitle=Handbook+of+Latin+American+studies&rft.au=Szuchman%2C+Mark+D&rft.aulast=Szuchman&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hispanic+American+historical+review&rft.issn=00182168&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - SuppNotes - CD-ROM: HLAS/CD, vols. 1-53 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 5719 10685 1706 7464; 11846 5889; 210 14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of oxygen free radicals in occupational and environmental lung diseases. AN - 21262238; 11701781 AB - Oxygen free radicals and their metabolites, collectively described as reactive oxygen species (ROS), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The pulmonary system is particularly vulnerable to ROS-induced injury because of its continuous exposure to toxic pollutants from a wide variety of sources in the ambient air. Additionally, lungs are exposed systemically to ROS generated from xenobiotic compounds and endogenous sources. This review describes the sources of endogenous and exogenous ROS generation in the lung. Special emphasis is given to major sources of ROS in occupational and environmental exposures to asbestos, crystalline silica, coal, chromium, herbicides, bleomycin, and cigarette smoke. ROS-induced lung injury at different target levels may contribute to similar patterns of cell injury and alterations at the molecular level by initiation, propagation, and autocatalytic chain reactions. Intracellular signalling, activation and inactivation of enzymes, stimulation, secretion, and release of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and nuclear factor activation and alterations are also common events. Understanding the interactions of these intricate mechanistic events is important in the prevention and amelioration of lung injury that results from acute and chronic exposures to toxins in ambient air. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Shi, X AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA., vav1@niords1.em.cdc.gov Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 165 EP - 177 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - inactivation KW - Asbestos KW - Injuries KW - Cigarettes KW - Enzymes KW - Herbicides KW - Metabolites KW - Coal KW - Xenobiotics KW - Toxins KW - Smoke KW - Oxygen KW - Lung KW - Reviews KW - silica KW - prevention KW - vulnerability KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21262238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+role+of+oxygen+free+radicals+in+occupational+and+environmental+lung+diseases.&rft.au=Vallyathan%2C+V%3BShi%2C+X&rft.aulast=Vallyathan&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+1&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - inactivation; Asbestos; Cigarettes; Injuries; Enzymes; Metabolites; Herbicides; Xenobiotics; Coal; Toxins; Smoke; Oxygen; Lung; silica; Reviews; prevention; vulnerability ER - TY - GEN T1 - Nomination of Anthony Lake to Be Director of Central Intelligence AN - 1679146754; CO02054 AB - Transcribes Senate Select Committee on Intelligence's hearings about nomination of Anthony Lake for director of central intelligence. AU - United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence AD - United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence PY - 1997 SP - 270 KW - Biography KW - Bosnia-Herzegovina KW - China KW - Confirmation hearings KW - Iran KW - New York Times KW - News media KW - Somalia KW - Sudan KW - Washington Post KW - Washington Times KW - DeWine, Michael KW - Rudman, Warren B. KW - Schultz, Jane C. KW - Bryan, Richard H. KW - Nunn, Samuel A. KW - Robb, Charles S. KW - Kerry, John F. KW - Lugar, Richard G. KW - Chafee, John H. KW - Baucus, Max KW - Hatch, Orrin G. KW - Lautenberg, Frank Raleigh KW - Graham, Robert KW - Shelby, Richard C. KW - Coats, Daniel R. KW - Levin, Carl KW - Inhofe, James M. KW - Boren, David L. KW - Kennedy, Edward M. ("Ted") KW - Deutch, John M. KW - Kerrey, J. Robert ("Bob") KW - Kyl, Jon L. KW - McCain, John S. III KW - Potts, Stephen D. KW - Lake, W. Anthony KW - Allard, Wayne KW - Roberts, Charles Patrick KW - Helms, Jesse A. KW - DeWine, Michael KW - Rudman, Warren B. KW - Schultz, Jane C. KW - Bryan, Richard H. KW - Nunn, Samuel A. KW - Robb, Charles S. KW - Kerry, John F. KW - Lugar, Richard G. KW - Chafee, John H. KW - Baucus, Max KW - Hatch, Orrin G. KW - Lautenberg, Frank Raleigh KW - Graham, Robert KW - Shelby, Richard C. KW - Coats, Daniel R. KW - Levin, Carl KW - Inhofe, James M. KW - Boren, David L. KW - Kennedy, Edward M. ("Ted") KW - Deutch, John M. KW - Kerrey, J. Robert ("Bob") KW - Kyl, Jon L. KW - McCain, John S. III KW - Potts, Stephen D. KW - Lake, W. Anthony KW - Allard, Wayne KW - Roberts, Charles Patrick KW - Helms, Jesse A. UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1679146754?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Adnsa_co&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Nomination+of+Anthony+Lake+to+Be+Director+of+Central+Intelligence&rft.au=United+States.+Congress.+Senate.+Select+Committee+on+Intelligence&rft.aulast=United+States.+Congress.+Senate.+Select+Committee+on+Intelligence&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Digital National Security Archive N1 - Name - United States. Central Intelligence Agency; United States. Director of Central Intelligence; United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation; United States. National Security Council N1 - Analyte descriptor - NSA document type: Hearing N1 - People - Allard, Wayne; Baucus, Max; Boren, David L.; Bryan, Richard H.; Chafee, John H.; Coats, Daniel R.; Deutch, John M.; DeWine, Michael; Graham, Robert; Hatch, Orrin G.; Helms, Jesse A.; Inhofe, James M.; Kennedy, Edward M. ("Ted"); Kerrey, J. Robert ("Bob"); Kerry, John F.; Kyl, Jon L.; Lake, W. Anthony; Lautenberg, Frank Raleigh; Levin, Carl; Lugar, Richard G.; McCain, John S. III; Nunn, Samuel A.; Potts, Stephen D.; Robb, Charles S.; Roberts, Charles Patrick; Rudman, Warren B.; Schultz, Jane C.; Shelby, Richard C. N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pelagic biomass and community structure over the mid-continental slope off southeastern-Australia based upon acoustic and midwater trawl sampling AN - 16454660; 4345412 AB - We compare estimates of biomass and community structure based upon depth-stratified sampling from 0 to 900 m at a site on the continental slope south of Tasmania, Australia, using an EK500 acoustic system with vessel-mounted and deeply towed 38 kHz split-beam transducers and a midwater trawl with opening-closing codend system. Multivariate analyses of the target strength (TS) distributions and of dominant species in the tows provided consistent views of community structure: an epipelagic community that was differentiated and mid-depth and deep communities not differentiated on a diel basis. Peaks in the TS distributions and the estimated TS of key biological groups were congruent, although the in situ TS data indicated that fishes with swimbladders in the size range of myctophids have lower TS (up to 5 dB) than previously predicted for physoclists, possibly due to the smaller volume of gas-filled swimbladders among mesopelagic fishes. There was a progressive increase in modal TS distributions with depth, consistent with the larger mean size of both squids and fishes in the deeper strata. Biomass was lowest in the daytime near-surface stratum, but there were no other trends of biomass with depth. The acoustic estimate of biomass based upon the trawl-derived assessment of community composition was 7-fold higher than the trawl-based volume-swept biomass estimate. This acoustic biomass estimate was 3-fold less than one based upon an assessment of community composition derived from TS distributions. The higher acoustic biomass estimates are consistent with regional estimates of primary production and simple trophodynamic calculations. JF - Marine Ecology Progress Series AU - Koslow, JA AU - Kloser, R J AU - Williams, A AD - CSIRO Mar. Labs., GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 21 EP - 35 VL - 146 IS - 1-3 SN - 0171-8630, 0171-8630 KW - Australia KW - biomass KW - community structure KW - continental shelves KW - pelagic environment KW - sampling KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - K 03009:Algae KW - D 04330:Marine KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16454660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.atitle=Pelagic+biomass+and+community+structure+over+the+mid-continental+slope+off+southeastern-Australia+based+upon+acoustic+and+midwater+trawl+sampling&rft.au=Koslow%2C+JA%3BKloser%2C+R+J%3BWilliams%2C+A&rft.aulast=Koslow&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=146&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.issn=01718630&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fast measurements of transmission of erythema effective irradiance through clothing fabrics AN - 16438494; 4340215 AB - For efficiently measuring ultraviolet transmission through clothing materials for a large number of samples, an automated measuring system with a broad-band method has been built and calibrated against a spectroradiometer based instrument. The apparatus can be used to test 60 samples in 25 min. A selection of clothing materials of known composition, weave, color and state have been tested, using the broad band method and the automated measuring system together with a solar ultraviolet simulator. Variations of about eleven times for different weave structure, about two times in the ultraviolet transmittance for different colors, and about 20 times for some stretched samples were observed. For wet conditions, an increment in ultraviolet transmittance for cotton and lycra materials and a decrement for polyester and polyester(65%)/cotton(35%) were also observed. JF - Health Physics AU - Zhang, Z AU - Thomas, B W AU - Wong, C F AU - Fleming, R A AD - Cent. for Med. and Health Phys., QUT, GPO, Box 2434, Brisbane, Qld. 4001, Australia Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 256 EP - 260 VL - 72 IS - 2 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - Clothing KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 8000:Radiation Safety/Electrical Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16438494?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+Physics&rft.atitle=Fast+measurements+of+transmission+of+erythema+effective+irradiance+through+clothing+fabrics&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Z%3BThomas%2C+B+W%3BWong%2C+C+F%3BFleming%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=256&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+Physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The physiological strain induced by a new low burden chemical protective ensemble AN - 16039203; 4095665 AB - The physiological responses of a group of nine subjects exercising at a metabolic rate of 510 W in a new low burden chemical protective ensemble, the Chemical/Biological Combat Suit (CBCS), have been determined under a warm, humid climatic condition, 30 degree C and 60% relative humidity. The CBCS was significantly superior to a current NBC overgarment (MK4) in terms of induced physiological strain. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference between the normal combat uniform (DPCU) and the CBCS worn as a combat uniform (CS), without hood, mask and gloves, in terms of increase in rectal temperature and increase in heart rate. The major limitation on performance in the fully encapsulated CBCS was imposed by the combination of mask, permeable hood and impermeable gloves. It was concluded that there would be a significant improvement in soldier performance in the CBCS rather than in the current MK4 overgarment and that there would be no detriment to soldier performance when wearing the CS uniform in times of chemical threat. JF - Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine AU - Amos, D AU - Hansen, R AD - Aeronautical and Maritime Res. Lab., PO Box 4331, GPO Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 126 EP - 131 VL - 68 IS - 2 SN - 0095-6562, 0095-6562 KW - chemical-biological combat suit KW - heat tolerance KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - metabolism KW - stress KW - protective clothing KW - occupational health KW - military KW - physiology KW - H SI12.9.2:HEAT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16039203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aviation%2C+Space+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+physiological+strain+induced+by+a+new+low+burden+chemical+protective+ensemble&rft.au=Amos%2C+D%3BHansen%2C+R&rft.aulast=Amos&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=126&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aviation%2C+Space+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=00956562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - physiology; military; protective clothing; stress; metabolism; occupational health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calibration and field trial of a dissolved-oxygen membrane electrode: Long-term automatic analyser AN - 16027657; 4092099 AB - Calibration and in-field determination of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations were carried out with an automatic water-quality monitoring system known as QUALTEL. A calibrated Orion oxygen membrane electrode and Winkler method were employed to measure DO in water with different chlorinities and compared with similar measurements using a Danfoss electrode. From the regression equations, a current of 2.97 mA at 25 degree C for water-saturated air was determined as being equivalent to a value of 8.68 mg DO L super(-1) for the Danfoss sensor. From a regression of log phi ( mu A mg super(-1) L super(-1)) versus t ( degree C), a constant (m) and intercept (b) for water-saturated air was obtained, the values being 0.0263 and -0.759, respectively. A linear relationship with a high correlation coefficient for the salt content of the samples at different temperatures was obtained. The field measurements of DO showed that this system was reliable for the unattended monitoring of DO for 70 days. JF - Water Research AU - Sun, Bianting AU - Fitch, P G AU - Johns, IA AU - Skyring, G W AD - CSIRO Div. Water Resour., Canberra Lab., GPO Box 1666, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 362 EP - 365 VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0043-1354, 0043-1354 KW - QUALTEL KW - Danfoss KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - water quality KW - electrodes KW - field tests KW - membranes KW - dissolved oxygen KW - automation KW - calibrations KW - regression analysis KW - correlation coefficient KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16027657?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Research&rft.atitle=Calibration+and+field+trial+of+a+dissolved-oxygen+membrane+electrode%3A+Long-term+automatic+analyser&rft.au=Sun%2C+Bianting%3BFitch%2C+P+G%3BJohns%2C+IA%3BSkyring%2C+G+W&rft.aulast=Sun&rft.aufirst=Bianting&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=362&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Research&rft.issn=00431354&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - regression analysis; automation; calibrations; field tests; electrodes; dissolved oxygen; correlation coefficient; membranes; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Management strategies for oil and grease residues AN - 15954177; 4061744 AB - The fate of organic oil and fat (i.e. "grease", defined as plant oils /animal fats) from restaurants and other commercial kitchens, is probably one of the most forgotten, yet critical issues in waste management, especially in developing countries. Even in cosmopolitan areas like Bangkok (Thailand), oil and grease are either released into the sewer lines, or are collected manually after separation in grease traps and open dumped with solid waste. An investigation was made to assess the quantity and characteristics of oil and grease released from commercial kitchens in Bangkok. Based on the results obtained, a holistic management strategy for these residues was developed. The recommendations for oil and grease management were laid down into three options, depending upon the size of the catering establishment, which affects the collection system, and the treatment, re-use and disposal alternatives. The major steps involved in the management scheme are separation and concentration of grease residues in central receiving treatment containers (CRTCs) at a central wastewater treatment plant (CWTP), anaerobic treatment for by-product recovery, and re-use in industrial applications. For the final disposal of concentrated oil and grease residues and the remaining sludge from anaerobic treatment, priority is given to incineration, together with sewage sludge or solid waste. It is shown that the treatment and disposal of these residues can be integrated into sewage sludge disposal schemes including incineration and anaerobic digestion. Landfill disposal was identified as an intermediate solution, preferably after stabilization. JF - Waste Management & Research AU - Stoll, U AU - Gupta, H AD - Environ. Eng. Prog., Asian Inst. Technol., G.P.O. Box 2754, Bangkok 10501, Thailand Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 23 EP - 32 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0734-242X, 0734-242X KW - grease KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - developing countries KW - Thailand KW - anaerobic digestion KW - landfills KW - oil KW - waste management KW - incineration KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15954177?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Management+%26+Research&rft.atitle=Management+strategies+for+oil+and+grease+residues&rft.au=Stoll%2C+U%3BGupta%2C+H&rft.aulast=Stoll&rft.aufirst=U&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Management+%26+Research&rft.issn=0734242X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Thailand; oil; waste management; developing countries; landfills; incineration; anaerobic digestion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of promoters and selectable marker genes for use in Indica rice transformation AN - 15917018; 4045313 AB - The effectiveness of different promoters for use in Indica rice transformation was compared. Plasmids encoding the Escherichia coli uidA (gus) gene under the control of CaMV 35S, Emu, Act1 or Ubi1 promoters were delivered into cell suspension cultures by particle bombardment. Transient gene expression, 48 h after delivery, was greatest from plasmids utilising the constitutive promoters, Act1 and Ubi1. Gene expression in stably transformed tissue was examined by bombarding embryogenic Indica rice calli with a pUbi1-gus plasmid and a plasmid containing either the selectable marker gene, hph, which confers hygromycin resistance, or bar, which confers resistance to the herbicide phosphinothricin (BASTA) each under the control of the CaMV 35S, Emu, Act1 or the Ubi1 promoters. The bombarded calli were placed on the appropriate selection media and stained for GUS activity at 1 day, 3 weeks and 5 weeks after shooting. Callus bombarded with the pUbi1-hph or the pEmu-hph constructs gave a dramatic increase in the size of the GUS staining areas with time. No such increase in the size of GUS staining areas was observed in calli co-bombarded with pUbi1-gus and any of the bar containing constructs. Co-bombardment of calli with either the pEmu-hph or pUbi1-hph construct and a virus minor coat protein (cp) gene construct resulted in many fertile transgenic Indica rice plants, containing one to eight copies of both the hph and cp genes. These genes were stably inherited by the T sub(1) generation. JF - Molecular Breeding AU - Li, Zhongyi AU - Upadhyaya, N M AU - Meena, S AU - Gibbs, A J AU - Waterhouse, P M AD - CSIRO Div. Plant Ind., G.P.O. Box 1600, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 1 EP - 14 VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1380-3743, 1380-3743 KW - hph gene KW - uidA gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Escherichia coli KW - Oryza sativa KW - promoters KW - transformation KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07357:GENERAL KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15917018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Breeding&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+promoters+and+selectable+marker+genes+for+use+in+Indica+rice+transformation&rft.au=Li%2C+Zhongyi%3BUpadhyaya%2C+N+M%3BMeena%2C+S%3BGibbs%2C+A+J%3BWaterhouse%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Zhongyi&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Breeding&rft.issn=13803743&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - promoters; transformation; Escherichia coli; Oryza sativa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analytical solutions for advection and advection-diffusion equations with spatially variable coefficients AN - 15909987; 4040340 AB - Analytical solutions are provided for the one-dimensional transport of a pollutant in an open channel with steady unpolluted lateral inflow uniformly distributed over its whole length. This practical problem can be described approximately by spatially variable coefficient advection and advection-diffusion equations with the velocity proportional to distance, and the diffusion coefficient proportional to the square of the velocity. Using a simple transformation, the governing equations can be transformed into constant coefficient problems that have known analytical solutions for general initial and boundary conditions. Analytical solutions to the spatially variable coefficient advection and advection-diffusion equations, written in conservative and nonconservative forms, are presented. The analytical solutions are simple to evaluate and can be used to validate models for solving the advection and advection-diffusion equations with spatially variable coefficients. The analytical solutions show that nonconservative forms of the equations can yield exact solutions that are not consistent with the physical problem. JF - Journal of Hydraulic Engineering AU - Zoppou, C AU - Knight, J H AD - Eng. Div., ACT Electricity and Water Corp., GPO Box 366, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 144 EP - 148 VL - 123 IS - 2 SN - 0733-9429, 0733-9429 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - solute transport KW - spatial distribution KW - diffusion coefficient KW - open channels KW - mathematical equations KW - velocity KW - path of pollutants KW - advection KW - boundary conditions KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15909987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.atitle=Analytical+solutions+for+advection+and+advection-diffusion+equations+with+spatially+variable+coefficients&rft.au=Zoppou%2C+C%3BKnight%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Zoppou&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=144&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.issn=07339429&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - solute transport; advection; spatial distribution; path of pollutants; open channels; mathematical equations; velocity; diffusion coefficient; boundary conditions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Library of Congress workplace ergonomics program AN - 15906855; 4036623 AB - This article discusses the implementation of an ergonomics program for controlling the risk of musculoskeletal disorders and improving worker comfort and efficiency at the Library of Congress. Library work entails extensive handling of books and boxes, use of computer workstations, and typical office and maintenance work. Between 1991 and 1994 ergonomic training was provided to approximately 1400 office workers in two departments. During 1991, 12 cases of work-related musculoskeletal disorders of gradual-onset were reported. Total compensation cost for that year was $858,363. In 1992 it was decided to develop a formal ergonomics program, which entailed a commitment by upper management, establishment of a coordinating committee, and development by the committee of a written plan that included health and risk factor surveillance, interventions, and training. The committee received 18 hours of training and conducted pilot job analyses and interventions. Key features of the program included goal statements, organization commitments, and specification of program tasks. Due to budget constraints, staff participation was voluntary. Consultants provided training for committee members and engineering analysis to support job analysis and design. In 1994 and 1995 the Library spent nearly $108,000 on training and consulting services and $510,000 on ergonomics interventions, while approximately $1,970,000 was spent on workers' compensation claims. Interventions included materials-handling devices, furniture, floor mats, lamps, glare screens, seating, copy holders, CPU stands, monitor pedestals, and shelving. Employees have been cooperative and demonstrated reasonable expectations and respect for management's attempt to improve their jobs. Data are not yet available to evaluate the effect of the program on workers' compensation costs. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Mansfield, JA AU - Armstrong, T J AD - LS/ASCD (4310), Library Congress, Washington, DC 20540-4310, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 138 EP - 144 VL - 58 IS - 2 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - musculoskeletal system KW - libraries KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - workers' compensation KW - materials handling KW - economics KW - ergonomics KW - occupational health KW - H SI0.7:HUMAN FACTORS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15906855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Library+of+Congress+workplace+ergonomics+program&rft.au=Mansfield%2C+JA%3BArmstrong%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Mansfield&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ergonomics; occupational health; economics; workers' compensation; materials handling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction and termination of winter diapause in a Californian strain of the cabbage maggot (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) AN - 15902186; 4038295 AB - Populations of the cabbage maggot, Delia radicum (L.), occur in the field during all seasons in coastal northern California because the climate is mild, hosts are available, and a percentage of the population does not enter diapause. Laboratory experiments on this population of the cabbage maggot showed the following 6 results: (1) criteria for diapause vary with the conditions that induce diapause, (2) the proportion of larvae entering diapause is highest at low temperatures across all photoperiods and at short photoperiods across all temperatures, (3) developmental times of larvae producing diapause pupae were longer than for those producing nondiapause pupae, (4) rearing larvae at high temperatures and short photoperiods increased the diapause period for the pupal stage, (5) average pupal weights of diapause pupae (20.20 plus or minus 2.27 mg) (mean plus or minus SD) were higher than for nondiapause pupae (18.01 plus or minus 3.31), and (6) fresh pupae weighing <15.5 mg did not complete diapause. The results support previous findings that field populations of D. radicum are induced into winter diapause mainly by short photoperiods, whereas temperature has a lesser effect. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Johnsen, S AU - Gutierrez, A P AD - DANIDA, Asian Inst. Technol., G.P.O. Box 136, 21 Le Thanh Tong St., Hanoi, SR Vietnam Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 84 EP - 90 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - seasonal variations KW - Diptera KW - Anthomyidae KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - diapause termination KW - Delia radicum KW - USA, California KW - diapause induction KW - Z 05189:Diapause KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15902186?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Induction+and+termination+of+winter+diapause+in+a+Californian+strain+of+the+cabbage+maggot+%28Diptera%3A+Anthomyiidae%29&rft.au=Johnsen%2C+S%3BGutierrez%2C+A+P&rft.aulast=Johnsen&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=84&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Delia radicum; USA, California; diapause induction; diapause termination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In situ characterization of inflammatory responses in the rectal mucosae of patients with shigellosis AN - 15862468; 4021468 AB - Shigella species cause bacillary dysentery in humans by invading epithelial cells of the colonic mucosa leading to colonic epithelial cell destruction and inflammation. For further analysis of local gut inflammation, morphological changes and the potential involvement of mediators in regulatory mechanisms of cell activation and cell proliferation were studied immunohistochemically in rectal mucosal biopsies taken from patients during the acute phase of shigellosis and at convalescence. Rectal biopsies from 25 Shigella dysenteriae-1 and 10 Shigella flexneri-infected patients and from 40 controls were studied. The frequencies of proliferative cells (Ki67-positive cells), p53-immunostaining cells, and cells coexpressing Ki67 with CD3 or with p53 were analyzed. Immunostaining for the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the endothelial NOS was assessed. In addition, the frequencies of apoptotic cells and CD68 super(+) cells that engulf apoptotic cells were assessed. By morphological grading, 20% of the patients had advanced inflammation (grade 3) in the acute phase; mild inflammation (grade 1) was seen in 37% of the patients at convalescence as well as in 10% of the controls. The findings in the present study suggest that in the acute phase of shigellosis inflammation is characterized by increased cell turnover in the lamina propria (LP) and the epithelium, increased iNOS expression in the surface epithelium, and apoptosis, which seems to be associated with LP macrophages. The findings also suggest that neither p53 nor iNOS are important factors for the induction of apoptosis in shigellosis. Expression of p53 may be related to early cell activation in crypt epithelium. Moreover, there is an indication of an active, low-level inflammatory process at convalescence. The results thus indicate that Shigella-induced inflammation is associated with a complex series of cellular reactions in the rectal gut mucosa which persist long clinical symptoms have resolved. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Islam, D AU - Veress, B AU - Bardhan, P K AU - Lindberg, A A AU - Christensson, B AD - Lab. Sci. Div., Intl. Cent. for Diarrhoeal Dis. Res., Bangladesh, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 739 EP - 749 VL - 65 IS - 2 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - man KW - rectum KW - biopsy KW - epithelium KW - nitric-oxide synthase KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - inflammation KW - apoptosis KW - Shigella KW - Shigellosis KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15862468?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Child%3A+Care%2C+Health+and+Development&rft.atitle=Parenting+knowledge+and+its+role+in+the+prediction+of+dysfunctional+parenting+and+disruptive+child+behaviour&rft.au=Morawska%2C+A.%3BWinter%2C+L.%3BSanders%2C+M.+R.&rft.aulast=Morawska&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.date=2009-03-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Child%3A+Care%2C+Health+and+Development&rft.issn=03051862&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2214.2008.00929.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Shigella; inflammation; rectum; biopsy; epithelium; apoptosis; Shigellosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of the bacterial product, succinic acid, on neutrophil bactericidal activity AN - 15848246; 4016894 AB - We investigated the effect of succinic acid on neutrophil bactericidal activity in a model of intra-abdominal abscess induced in mice by the peritoneal inoculation of 5 x 106 cfuml-1 E. coli and 5 x 108 cfuml-1 B. fragilis plus 1 mg of bran as faecal fibre analogue. The mean pH of the induced abscesses at week 1 was 6.7, higher than the pH associated with succinic acid inhibitory activity. We therefore determined the effect of succinic acid (0-100 mM) at pH 6.7 on the bactericidal activity of mouse bone marrow-derived neutrophils. Phagocytic killing of Proteus mirabilis by neutrophils was significantly inhibited by 30-100 mM succinic acid at pH 6.7 but there was no significant effect of succinic acid on engulfment of bacteria at this pH. However, significant inhibition of intracellular killing (assayed by adding succinic acid to suspensions of neutrophils which had engulfed bacteria in low serum concentrations but in the absence of succinic acid) was noted at 70 and 100 mM. These results indicate that succinic acid inhibits neutrophil bactericidal activity at a physiological pH, principally through inhibition of intracellular killing mechanisms and therefore contributing to bacterial persistence in this model of abscess formation. JF - FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology AU - Abdul-Majid, K B AU - Kenny, P A AU - Finlay-Jones, J J AD - Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Flinders University of South Australia, G.P.O. Box 2100, Adelaide, S.A. 5001, Australia Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 79 EP - 86 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0928-8244, 0928-8244 KW - mice KW - succinic acid KW - anitbacterial agents KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - leukocytes (neutrophilic) KW - phagocytosis KW - abscesses KW - Proteus mirabilis KW - F 06772:Other cells (leukocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, platelets) KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15848246?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Immunology+and+Medical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+the+bacterial+product%2C+succinic+acid%2C+on+neutrophil+bactericidal+activity&rft.au=Abdul-Majid%2C+K+B%3BKenny%2C+P+A%3BFinlay-Jones%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Abdul-Majid&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Immunology+and+Medical+Microbiology&rft.issn=09288244&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Proteus mirabilis; leukocytes (neutrophilic); abscesses; phagocytosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioavailability of Soil-Adsorbed Cadmium in Orally Exposed Male Rats AN - 14446114; 10533854 AB - Cadmium-contaminated soil and a Cd solution were administered orally to male Lewis rats, and the effect of the soil matrix on the bioavailability of Cd was determined by calculating the area under the plasma concentration time curve. The mean of the whole-blood Cd concentration values for the Cd-soil group was significantly lower than that of the Cd-saline group. Adsorption from the gastrointestinal tract was relatively rapid in both groups, but the presence of soil induced a small delay in the time needed to reach peak concentrations. Soil adsorption decreased the bioavailability of Cd by 43% compared to Cd in solution. The Cd concentrations in the kidney, heart, and brain tissue were significantly increased in the Cd-solution group compared to the Cd-soil group. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Schilderman, Pauline AEL AU - Moonen, Edwin JC AU - Kempkers, Pascal AU - Kleinjans, Jos CS Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 234 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - BIOACCUMULATION, ANIMAL KW - SOIL CONTAMINATION KW - ADSORPTION KW - CADMIUM KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14446114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Bioavailability+of+Soil-Adsorbed+Cadmium+in+Orally+Exposed+Male+Rats&rft.au=Schilderman%2C+Pauline+AEL%3BMoonen%2C+Edwin+JC%3BKempkers%2C+Pascal%3BKleinjans%2C+Jos+CS&rft.aulast=Schilderman&rft.aufirst=Pauline&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=234&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - BIOACCUMULATION, ANIMAL; SOIL CONTAMINATION; ADSORPTION; CADMIUM ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Air Pollution and Emergency Room Visits for Asthma in Santa Clara County, California AN - 14446084; 10533852 AB - During the winters of 198889 through 199192 in Santa Clara County, CA, the relationship between hospital emergency-room visits for asthma and ambient air-pollutant concentrations was examined. Data were compiled on PM sub(10), ozone, and nitrogen dioxide concentrations. Consistent relationships were found between emergency-room visits for asthma and PM sub(10) concentrations. In addition, same-day NO sub(2) concentrations were related to emergency-room visits, but O sub(3) was not related. The relative risks for PM sub(10)-associated emergency-room visits for asthma were found to be temperature-related, with more emergency-room visits during colder temperatures, which suggested adverse asthma impacts due to smoke from residential wood combustion. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lipsett, Michael AU - Hurley, Susan AU - Ostro, Bart Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 216 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - NITROGEN DIOXIDE KW - AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS KW - PARTICULATES KW - OZONE KW - CALIFORNIA KW - HEALTH FACILITIES KW - ASTHMA KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14446084?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Air+Pollution+and+Emergency+Room+Visits+for+Asthma+in+Santa+Clara+County%2C+California&rft.au=Lipsett%2C+Michael%3BHurley%2C+Susan%3BOstro%2C+Bart&rft.aulast=Lipsett&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=216&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - NITROGEN DIOXIDE; CALIFORNIA; AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS; HEALTH FACILITIES; ASTHMA; OZONE; PARTICULATES ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accumulated Body Burden and Endogenous Release of Lead in Employees of a Lead Smelter AN - 14445877; 10533853 AB - Following a ten-month strike at a lead smelter in New Brunswick, Canada, blood and bone lead levels were measured in returning workers to examine the accumulated body burden and endogenous Pb release. The bones examined were the tibia and calcaneus. The study protocol is described. The resulting data indicated a strong correlation between calcaneus Pb levels and those for tibia Pb. The relationship between the bone Pb concentration and the cumulative blood Pb index, which approximated the level of Pb exposure over time, was distinctly nonlinear. However, when the study population was segregated according to time of employment, a significant difference in the bone Pbcumulative blood Pb index slope was observed. The results suggested that the transfer of Pb from blood to bone changed over time, possibly due to varying exposure conditions. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Fleming, David EB AU - Boulay, Denise AU - Richard, Norbert S AU - Robin, Jean-Paul AU - Gordon, Chris L AU - Webber, Colin E AU - Chettle, David R Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 224 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - HEALTH SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL KW - LEAD SMELTING KW - BLOOD LEAD LEVEL KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - TEMPORAL COMPARISONS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14445877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Accumulated+Body+Burden+and+Endogenous+Release+of+Lead+in+Employees+of+a+Lead+Smelter&rft.au=Fleming%2C+David+EB%3BBoulay%2C+Denise%3BRichard%2C+Norbert+S%3BRobin%2C+Jean-Paul%3BGordon%2C+Chris+L%3BWebber%2C+Colin+E%3BChettle%2C+David+R&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=224&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 2 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - LEAD SMELTING; HEALTH SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL; BLOOD LEAD LEVEL; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN; TEMPORAL COMPARISONS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Avian Respiratory System: a Unique Model for Studies of Respiratory Toxicosis and for Monitoring Air Quality AN - 14445853; 10533849 AB - The functional morphology of the avian respiratory system is described, which may be used as a sensitive, direct monitor of air quality. Described are the upper respiratory tract, the bronchial system, gas-exchange tissues, the air-sac system, airway geometry and particle deposition, gas-flow patterns in the lungair-sac system, avian respiratory physiology, and gas uptake by the avian parabronchial lung. Data from the literature are cited in an assessment of avian respiratory toxicology in terms of inhaled particles and toxic gases, and the use of birds as biological indicators of air quality. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Brown, Richard E AU - Brain, Joseph D AU - Wang, Ning Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 188 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - BIOLOGY, BIRD KW - AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS KW - BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS, AIR KW - RESPIRATORY DISORDERS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14445853?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+Avian+Respiratory+System%3A+a+Unique+Model+for+Studies+of+Respiratory+Toxicosis+and+for+Monitoring+Air+Quality&rft.au=Brown%2C+Richard+E%3BBrain%2C+Joseph+D%3BWang%2C+Ning&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 6 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - BIOLOGY, BIRD; AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS; RESPIRATORY DISORDERS; BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS, AIR ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Indoor Risk Factors for Asthma and Wheezing Among Seattle School Children AN - 14443949; 10533851 AB - The International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood protocol was used to examine the impact of the indoor environment on the risk of asthma and undiagnosed asthma-like illness among US school children. The risk of physician-diagnosed asthma and wheezing during the past 12 months without previously diagnosed asthma was related to parent-reported household exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, stove or fireplace use, and dampness. The study was based on 925 subjects in Seattle, WA. After the health-status groups were adjusted for age, sex, gender, ethnicity, medical history, socioeconomic status, and parental asthma status, highest risk of asthma and wheezing was attributed to household dampness, the presence of tobacco smokers in the home, and occasional exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Of the four household dampness components measured, only reported household water damage was a consistent risk factor for both diagnosed asthma and current wheezing. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Maier, William C AU - Arrighi, HMichael AU - Morray, Barbara AU - Llewellyn, Claire AU - Redding, Gregory J Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 208 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - WASHINGTON STATE KW - RESPIRATORY DISORDERS KW - CIGARETTE SMOKE KW - HUMIDITY KW - RISK ASSESSMENT KW - AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR KW - ASTHMA KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14443949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Indoor+Risk+Factors+for+Asthma+and+Wheezing+Among+Seattle+School+Children&rft.au=Maier%2C+William+C%3BArrighi%2C+HMichael%3BMorray%2C+Barbara%3BLlewellyn%2C+Claire%3BRedding%2C+Gregory+J&rft.aulast=Maier&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=208&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 5 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - RISK ASSESSMENT; WASHINGTON STATE; RESPIRATORY DISORDERS; AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR; HUMIDITY; CIGARETTE SMOKE; ASTHMA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maternal Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn AN - 14443065; 10533850 AB - At Children's Hospital in Oakland, CA, the association between maternal and fetal nicotine exposure, and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn was examined using cotinine as a biomarker of exposure. All study infants required mechanical ventilation. The results were compared to a reference group composed of 49 healthy infants. The data showed that cotinine was more likely to be found in the blood of infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension than in that of control infants, and the cotinine concentrations were significantly higher in the former group. The results indicated that both passive and active smoking during pregnancy were risk factors for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Bearer, Cynthia AU - Emerson, Renee K AU - O'Riordan, Mary Ann AU - Roitman, Esther AU - Shackleton, Cedric Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 202 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - BLOOD ANALYSIS KW - REPRODUCTION, HUMAN KW - CIGARETTE SMOKE KW - PULMONARY DISORDERS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14443065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Maternal+Tobacco+Smoke+Exposure+and+Persistent+Pulmonary+Hypertension+of+the+Newborn&rft.au=Bearer%2C+Cynthia%3BEmerson%2C+Renee+K%3BO%27Riordan%2C+Mary+Ann%3BRoitman%2C+Esther%3BShackleton%2C+Cedric&rft.aulast=Bearer&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=202&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 3 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - BLOOD ANALYSIS; REPRODUCTION, HUMAN; CIGARETTE SMOKE; PULMONARY DISORDERS ER - TY - GEN T1 - Committee Activities AN - 1679146821; CO02052 AB - Senate Select Committee on Intelligence reports on its activities during January 4, 1995-October 3, 1996, including legislation enacted and oversight hearings and investigations. AU - United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence AD - United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence PY - 1997 SP - 47 KW - Air reconnaissance KW - Arms control KW - Arms transfers KW - Bámaca Velásquez, Efraín Case (1992) KW - Bombings KW - Bosnia-Herzegovina KW - Chemical Weapons Convention (1993) KW - China KW - Clergy KW - Cocaine KW - Communications security KW - Confirmation hearings KW - Congressional oversight KW - Counterintelligence KW - Counterterrorism KW - Covert operations KW - DeVine, Michael Murder (1990) KW - Economic intelligence KW - Environmental intelligence KW - Espionage KW - Export restrictions KW - Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (1978) KW - France KW - Gender discrimination KW - Government budgeting KW - Guatemala KW - Homicide KW - Information security KW - Intelligence cooperation KW - Intelligence personnel KW - Intercontinental ballistic missiles KW - International voluntary services KW - Iran KW - Iran-Contra Affair (1985-1994) KW - Iraq KW - Joint Military Intelligence Program KW - Journalists KW - Khobar Towers Bombing in Saudi Arabia (1996) KW - Korea (North) KW - Law enforcement KW - Laws and regulations KW - Mexico KW - National Foreign Intelligence Program KW - Nuclear nonproliferation KW - Organized crime KW - Persian Gulf Syndrome KW - Russia KW - Satellites KW - Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty II (1993) KW - Tactical Intelligence and Related Activities Program KW - Vietnamese Conflict (1961-1975) KW - Weapons of mass destruction KW - Zona Rosa Attack on United States Marines (1985) KW - Thompson, Jane Doe KW - Deutch, John M. KW - Tenet, George J. KW - Bámaca Velásquez, Efraín KW - DeVine, Michael V. KW - Ames, Aldrich H. KW - Woolsey, R. James KW - Thompson, Jane Doe KW - Deutch, John M. KW - Tenet, George J. KW - Bámaca Velásquez, Efraín KW - DeVine, Michael V. KW - Ames, Aldrich H. KW - Woolsey, R. James UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1679146821?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Adnsa_co&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Committee+Activities&rft.au=United+States.+Congress.+Senate.+Select+Committee+on+Intelligence&rft.aulast=United+States.+Congress.+Senate.+Select+Committee+on+Intelligence&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-22&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Digital National Security Archive N1 - Name - United Nations; United Nations Operations Somalia; United States. Central Intelligence Agency; United States. Department of Defense. Office of the Program Manager--Saudi Arabian National Guard; United States. National Imagery and Mapping Agency; United States. National Reconnaissance Office; United States. National Security Council. Foreign Intelligence Committee; United States. National Security Council. Transnational Threats Committee; United States. Peace Corps N1 - Analyte descriptor - NSA document type: Report N1 - People - Ames, Aldrich H.; Bámaca Velásquez, Efraín; Deutch, John M.; DeVine, Michael V.; Tenet, George J.; Thompson, Jane Doe; Woolsey, R. James N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dendritic epidermal T-cell involvement in induction of CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity against an ultraviolet radiation-induced skin tumor. AN - 78791086; 8985097 AB - Murine epidermis contains 2 distinct cell populations which contribute to the skin immune system, Langerhans cells (LC), and dendritic epidermal T cells (DETC). LCs are important in the induction of immunity against a wide range of antigens; however, the function of DETC is unclear. To investigate the roles of these epidermal cells (EC) in protective antitumor immunity, an in vivo model of an ultraviolet radiation-induced fibrosarcoma, UV-13-1, was used. Mice were immunized with tumor antigen-pulsed EC followed 10 days later by an injection into the ear of 10(5) tumor cells, which did not lead to formation of a detectable tumor, but was intended to simulate the influence of a developing tumor on the ensuing immune response. The mice were then challenged with 2 x 10(6) viable tumor cells in each flank, sufficient to result in growth of a measurable tumor. Protective immunity was induced by DETC, and shown to be long-lasting, with tumors inoculated 160 days after immunization being effectively rejected. The effector cells responsible for protective immunity were CD8+ T cells. Delayed-type hypersensitivity generated by tumor antigen-pulsed EC was dependent on LCs, with no involvement of DETCs. This response, in contrast to that of DETC, required prior culture of EC with GM-CSF, but failed to inhibit tumor growth or incidence. Thus DETC and LC can both activate antitumor immune responses, although only the DETC-dependent response results in protective immunity in the presence of a developing tumor. JF - International journal of cancer AU - Cavanagh, L L AU - Barnetson, R S AU - Basten, A AU - Halliday, G M AD - Department of Medicine (Dermatology), University of Sydney at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia. loisc@gpo.pa.uq.edu.au Y1 - 1997/01/06/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 06 SP - 98 EP - 105 VL - 70 IS - 1 SN - 0020-7136, 0020-7136 KW - Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor KW - 83869-56-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Animals KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Mice KW - Immunity, Cellular -- immunology KW - Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Dendritic Cells -- immunology KW - Skin Neoplasms -- immunology KW - CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - T-Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78791086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+cancer&rft.atitle=Dendritic+epidermal+T-cell+involvement+in+induction+of+CD8%2B+T+cell-mediated+immunity+against+an+ultraviolet+radiation-induced+skin+tumor.&rft.au=Cavanagh%2C+L+L%3BBarnetson%2C+R+S%3BBasten%2C+A%3BHalliday%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Cavanagh&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-01-06&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=98&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+cancer&rft.issn=00207136&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-27 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - TRIGEMINAL CHEMORECEPTION AN - 85281668; cs-268655 AB - The long-term goal of this project is to provide an integrated psychophysical description of the human ability to sense chemical irritants via she trigeminal nerve. Guided by the view that the sensitivity to irritants derives from elements of the nociceptive and thermal senses present in all types of skin, the proposed research will investigate the extent to which this common neural basis influences chemosensory perception throughout the trigeminal system. This objective will be pursued by (1) measuring the sensitivity to irritants across the full diversity of trigeminal regions--the oral cavity, nasal cavity, face and eyes--on a large number of subjects, and inferring from those data the-contributions of local and systemic factors to individual differences; (2) measuring individual differences in sensitization and desensitization produced by two different irritants on two kinds of skin, thus determining whether these phenomena vary locally or systemically; (3) providing the first quantitative investigation of long-term capsaicin desensitization in the trigeminal region and determining if menthol, which was recently found to produce short-term desensitization, has similar long-term hyperalgesic effects; and (4) investigating the role of counterirritation, a form of masking intrinsic to the nociceptive system, on the perception of multiple and/or spatially complex irritant stimuli within the trigeminal field. As well as providing new information about trigeminal chemoreception and the extent to which it may be influenced by systemic (nociceptive) factors, the proposed research will employ a battery of new psychophysical procedures that could prove useful for assessing the incidence, and nature of apparent hypersensitivity syndromes such as contact dermatitis and multiple chemical sensitivities. In addition, studies of long-term desensitization and counterirritation will provide basic information about how these two phenomena may impact on applied issues ranging from the perception and liking of hot and spicy foods to the use of chemical irritants as topical analgesics. JF - JOHN B. PIERCE LABORATORY, INC.; 290 CONGRESS AVE; NEW HAVEN, CT 06519, nih; NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DEAFNESS AND OTHER COMMUNICATION DISORDERS, 1997 AU - GREEN, Barry G PY - 1997 PB - JOHN B. PIERCE LABORATORY, INC.; 290 CONGRESS AVE; NEW HAVEN, CT 06519 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85281668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=TRIGEMINAL+CHEMORECEPTION&rft.au=GREEN%2C+Barry+G&rft.aulast=GREEN&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The technological reshaping of metropolitan America AN - 839040710; 1640169 JF - Urban studies AU - Hepworth, Mark E AU - Hepworth, Mark E Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 167 EP - 169 PB - US Government Printing Office VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0042-0980, 0042-0980 KW - Economics KW - Sociology KW - Information technology KW - U.S.A. KW - Telecommunications KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Technology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/839040710?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Urban+studies&rft.atitle=The+technological+reshaping+of+metropolitan+America&rft.au=Hepworth%2C+Mark+E&rft.aulast=Hepworth&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=0160483409&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Urban+studies&rft.issn=00420980&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 12622; 7999; 12641 2572; 6538 6515 12622; 433 293 14 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - From Peep Show to Palace: The Birth of American Film AN - 742127186; 1997035480 AU - Robinson, David AU - Scorsese, Martin AU - Billington, James H PY - 1997 SP - 213 EP - xiv, 213 pp. PB - Columbia UP, in association with Library of Congress SN - 9780231103381 (hbk.); 9780231103398 (pbk.) KW - dramatic arts KW - film KW - United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/742127186?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/MLA+International+Bibliography&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Robinson%2C+David%3BScorsese%2C+Martin%3BBillington%2C+James+H&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=9780231103381+%28hbk.%29&rft.btitle=From+Peep+Show+to+Palace%3A+The+Birth+of+American+Film&rft.title=From+Peep+Show+to+Palace%3A+The+Birth+of+American+Film&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - MLA International Bibliography N1 - Update - 199701 N1 - SuppNotes - Includes illustrations. N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-04 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Pursuing Excellence: Eighth-Grade Findings from the Third International Math and Science Study. A Video Presentation. [Videotape]. AN - 62627057; ED410100 AB - Highlighting the findings from an assessment of the math and science performance of over 500,000 students in 41 countries at three different grade levels, the Third International Math and Science Study (TIMSS) is the world's most comprehensive and reliable study of international education achievement ever undertaken. This 13.5-minute video summarizes the study's key findings at the eighth-grade level and contains the views of business leaders, policymakers, educators, and researchers on the study's implications for America's schools. The video summarizes the findings of the TIMSS study with regard to four topics: (1) curriculum and learning expectations; (2) teaching; (3) teachers' lives; and (4) students' lives. Findings indicate that curricula in U.S. schools cover less challenging subjects and are less focused than curricula in Germany and Japan; U.S. math teachers' typical goal is to teach students how to do something rather than helping them understand mathematical concepts; while U.S. teachers typically have more college education than teachers in Germany or Japan, they have less long-term, structured apprenticeships and less opportunity to discuss teaching-related issues with colleagues; and while the U.S. divides eighth-grade students into classes of varying difficulty, Germany divides students into different schools, and Japan makes no division. (JRH) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 EP - 0 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328 (Stock No., GPO-065-000-01003-8, $20). KW - Third International Mathematics and Science Study KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Science Education KW - Evaluation KW - Educational Strategies KW - Curriculum Design KW - Teacher Education KW - Academic Achievement KW - Mathematics Education KW - Global Approach KW - Secondary Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62627057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aeric&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Pursuing+Excellence%3A+Eighth-Grade+Findings+from+the+Third+International+Math+and+Science+Study.+A+Video+Presentation.+%5BVideotape%5D.&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 3 - Indexed only N1 - SuppNotes - Also published as a component of "Attaining Excell N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Public and Private School Principals in the United States: A Statistical Profile, 1987-88 to 1993-94. AN - 62625288; ED408694 AB - Principals play a primary role in the school-reform process, acting as both the agents of change and targets of change. This National Center for Education Statistic's (NCES) Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS) provides descriptive information about the changing nature of the individuals who serve as principals in public and private schools, including their perceptions and the challenges they face. The report uses data from the 1987-88, 1990-91, and 1993-94 administrations of SASS to examine the principalship in the reform environment of the late 1980s and early 1990s. For each of those years, approximately 80,000 principals served in the nation's public schools and approximately 25,000 served in private schools. The report provides information on job demographics; principals' salaries and benefits; their education and their experience; their perceptions of serious problems; and their goals, influence, and career plans. An index, 13 figures, and 5 tables are included. Appendices contain tables of estimates and standard errors, technical notes, and SASS data products. (Contains 36 references.) (LMI) AU - Fiore, Thomas A. AU - Curtin, Thomas R. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 307 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160490847 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Salaries KW - Principals KW - Administrator Qualifications KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Educational Attainment KW - Administrator Characteristics KW - Public Schools KW - Educational Experience KW - Racial Composition KW - Administrator Attitudes KW - Tables (Data) KW - Private Schools UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62625288?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Libraries Enhance Student Learning: A Guidebook of Innovative Library Programs for Youth. AN - 62622996; ED409920 AB - This publication explains, through examples of current library programs around the United States, how libraries affect the education of children, and offers an impetus for others to embrace the challenge of providing quality library programming for children. Through these programs, libraries work toward achieving national educational goals, and reinforce education reform. Suggestions and descriptions of activities are divided into four main sections: (1) "Libraries help preschoolers get ready to learn how to read; (2) "Libraries strengthen reading skills of school-age children"; (3) "Libraries complement all aspects of children's school activities"; and (4) "Libraries connect children with computers and the information superhighway." Contains a directory of the libraries whose programs are highlighted. (AEF) AU - Steele, Shirley AU - Heim, Amanda Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 45 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160490251 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Media Staff KW - Parents KW - Practitioners KW - Teachers KW - Guidelines KW - Reading Games KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Library Services KW - Children KW - Library Development KW - School Libraries KW - Information Technology KW - Preschool Education KW - Program Development KW - Learning Activities KW - Creative Activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62622996?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Writing Framework and Specifications for the 1998 National Assessment of Educational Progress. AN - 62612745; ED403592 AB - This booklet contains the Writing Framework for the 1998 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). The Framework describes the basis for the 1998 Writing Assessment, the types of writing assessed, and the methods for scoring student responses. This Framework was developed during 1989-90 in preparation for the 1992 NAEP Writing Assessment. For the 1998 Assessment, the Framework was augmented by a set of Writing Assessment and Exercise specifications, developed during 1995-96. After an overview and introduction, chapters in the first part of the booklet are (1) Developing the 1998 NAEP Writing Framework; (2) Designing the 1998 NAEP Writing Assessment; and (3) Constructing and Scoring the Assessment. An appendix lists members of the Writing Framework panel. After an introduction and overview of the 1998 NAEP Writing Assessment, sections of the second part of the booklet present assessment specifications (specifications for content, technical concerns, review, administration, and scoring and reporting) and task specifications (format scoring rubric, reader training, and classroom writing component). Appendixes provide preliminary achievement level descriptions for grades 4, 8, and 12; a suggested process for rubric construction and general characteristics of writing by mode; and lists of committee members and project staff. (RS) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 69 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. KW - National Assessment of Educational Progress KW - Writing Contexts KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Evaluation Methods KW - Testing Programs KW - Writing Achievement KW - Writing Tests KW - Test Format KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Writing Evaluation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62612745?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The National Education Goals Report: Building a Nation of Learners, 1997. AN - 62612520; ED410319 AB - This report, seventh in a series, is designed to measure progress made by the nation toward the eight National Education Goals. This year's "Goals Report" highlights student achievement in mathematics and science, two of the core academic subjects in which all students are expected to demonstrate competence. The promising news is that more students in grades 4, 8, and 12 were considered proficient or competent in mathematics than students were 6 years ago, and more students are receiving degrees in mathematics or science. The first chapter discusses "Mathematics and Science Achievement for the 21st Century." Chapter 2 discusses achievement at the national level and presents exhibits that portray progress toward each of the eight national education goals. Chapter 3 considers achievement at the state level, with a page for each state. Overall, it appears that national progress on the 26 core indicators is slightly better than that described in the 1996 "Goals Report," with significant improvement in 6 areas. Significant improvements have also been seen in many areas at the state level. Gratifying as improvements are, the National Education Goals Panel recognizes that much remains to be done. To this end, the Panel recommends setting tougher standards, aligning all components of the education system with these standards, and strengthening the subject matter knowledge and teaching skills of teachers. Four appendixes present data collection schedules, technical sources for national and state indicators, and acknowledgments. (Contains 26 exhibits and 7 tables.) (SLD) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 587 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160492343 KW - America 2000 KW - National Education Goals Panel KW - National Education Goals 1990 KW - Reform Efforts KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Adult Literacy KW - High School Graduates KW - Standard Setting KW - Educational Objectives KW - Educational Indicators KW - Mathematics Achievement KW - National Programs KW - Academic Achievement KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Educational Improvement KW - Sciences KW - Standards KW - Science Achievement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62612520?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For the 1997 National Education Goals Report Summa N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - A Profile of Policies and Practices for Limited English Proficient Students: Screening Methods, Program Support, and Teacher Training (SASS 1993-94). Statistical Analysis Report. AN - 62611920; ED403781 AB - Results of the National Center for Education Statistics' 1993-94 Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS) concerning identification of and services to limited-English-proficient (LEP) students are reported in narrative and tabular forms. The survey is the largest and most comprehensive data set available about schools in the United States. Highlights of findings include these: over 2.1 million public school students are identified as LEP, and they account for five percent of all students and 31 percent of all American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Hispanic students; LEP students are concentrated in the West, urban areas, and large schools; schools can use a variety of methods for identifying LEP students, most frequently using teacher observation, referral, home language survey, and previous student record; 76 percent of school with LEP enrollments provide English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) programs and 36 percent have bilingual education programs, with about one-third of schools with LEP enrollments provide both ESL and bilingual education, and 71 percent of LEP students attend these schools; 3 percent of LEP students attend schools with neither program; 42 percent of all public school teachers have at least one LEP student; 30 percent of teachers instructing LEP students have training for it, but few have a related degree. (MSE) AU - Han, Mei Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - January 1997 SP - 61 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-97-472 KW - Schools and Staffing Survey (NCES) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Design KW - Teacher Education KW - Bilingual Education KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - National Surveys KW - Identification KW - English (Second Language) KW - Screening Tests KW - Enrollment Rate KW - Public Schools KW - Second Language Programs KW - Educational Policy KW - Limited English Speaking UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62611920?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Children's Privacy Protection and Parental Empowerment Act of 1996. Hearing on H.R. 3508 before the Subcommittee on Crime of the Committee on the Judiciary. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session. (September 12, 1996). AN - 62606827; ED405130 AB - This hearing examined issues related to H.R. 3508, the Children's Privacy Protection and Parental Empowerment Act of 1996, which prohibits the sale of personal information about children without parents' written consent, and the use of prisoner labor to process personal information about children. The Act also establishes a criminal penalty for exchanging information about a child while knowing or having reason to believe that the information will be used to harm the child. Witnesses included representatives from the direct mail industry and professional organizations, a public policy research group, a child protection organization, and a university; Marc Klass, father of murder victim Polly Klass; New Jersey Representative Bob Franks; and a law enforcement officer. Proponents of the legislation contended that self-regulation has not succeeded in establishing adequate privacy safeguards. Commercial list companies are compiling an elaborate data base on every American child; these data are available for purchase by any interested party and over the Internet. Such availability invades children's privacy and creates a potentially dangerous situation for them because such information is available to pedophiles, and especially because prison labor is often used to process consumer surveys into list data. Opponents to the proposed legislation questioned that commercial mailing lists could be used by pedophiles to locate victims and contended that the legislation would restrict university identification of potential students, limit distribution of educational materials such as children's books, and would interfere with military recruitment. Appendices contain additional statements, letters, or materials submitted. (KDFB) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 97 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160540445 KW - Congress 104th KW - Direct Mail KW - Mailing Lists KW - Pedophilia KW - Personal Information Systems KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Federal Legislation KW - Crime KW - Access to Information KW - Parent Rights KW - Computers KW - Privacy KW - Marketing KW - Hearings KW - Children KW - Prisoners KW - Internet UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62606827?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 106. Contains several pages of small pr N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - The National Drug Control Strategy, 1997. AN - 62606565; ED406311 AB - This federal document offers a comprehensive approach to reduce demand for illegal drugs and decrease their availability. Supported by statistical tables and graphs, the summary is divided into six sections. "The Purpose and Nature of the Strategy" outlines a 10-year plan for drug interdiction and reduction and identifies the elements of that plan. "America's Drug Abuse Profile" offers an overview of the problem with a graphic and statistical analysis of the pertinent information. "Strategic Goals and Objectives" outlines five goals of the drug strategy and supports them with immediate objectives. The five goals are: (1) educate and enable America's youth to reject illegal drugs as well as alcohol and tobacco; (2) increase the safety of America's citizens by substantially reducing drug-related crime and violence; (3) reduce health and social costs to the public of illegal drug use; (4) shield America's air, land, and sea frontiers from the drug threat; and (5) break foreign and domestic drug sources of supply. "A Comprehensive Approach" broadens the initiative to include educational, law enforcement and community programs across the country. "Resources to Implement the Strategy" provides a statistical and graphical analysis of the funding allocated for the effort. The final section, "Consultation," indicates that the lines of communication will remain open among the government, its citizens, and their allies in the drug war. (MJP) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 67 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. KW - Clinton (Bill) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Drug Legislation KW - Crime KW - Law Enforcement KW - National Programs KW - Public Policy KW - Illegal Drug Use KW - Self Destructive Behavior KW - Public Health KW - Federal Programs KW - Drug Education KW - Special Health Problems KW - Social Problems KW - Drug Rehabilitation KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62606565?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Teacher Professionalization and Teacher Commitment: A Multilevel Analysis. Statistical Analysis Report. AN - 62600079; ED406349 AB - This report explores the effects of teacher professionalization on elementary and secondary teachers in the United States. The analysis examines the relationships between a set of characteristics traditionally associated with professions and professionals and teachers' commitment to their teaching careers. The report focuses on the following professional characteristics: (1) credentials--use of professional criteria for hiring teaching job candidates; (2) induction--provision of mentoring programs for beginning teachers and the effectiveness of assistance provided to new teachers; (3) professional development--extent of participation in activities sponsored by professional teaching organizations, and financial support; (4) authority--faculty influence over school policymaking and the degree of teachers' individual autonomy within their classrooms; and (5) compensation--the highest salary levels offered by schools. The data source was the 1990-91 Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS). Data analysis revealed that four characteristics in particular were associated with commitment: teacher classroom autonomy, faculty policymaking influence, effectiveness of assistance for new teachers, and teachers' maximum end-of-career salaries. In contrast, several traditional indicators of teacher professionalization were not associated with higher teacher commitment: use of professional criteria for hiring teaching job candidates, financial support for teachers' continuing education, and participation in activities sponsored by professional teaching organizations. The appendix lists additional resources on SASS. (Contains approximately 50 references.) (ND) AU - Ingersoll, Richard M. Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - January 1997 SP - 63 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328; single copies: National Data Resource Center, fax: 703-820-7485 (free). VL - NCES-97-069 KW - Professionalization of Teaching KW - Schools and Staffing Survey (NCES) KW - Teacher Commitment KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Teacher Characteristics KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Elementary School Teachers KW - Teacher Salaries KW - Secondary School Teachers KW - Credentials KW - Mentors KW - Public Schools KW - Teaching Conditions KW - Private Schools KW - Faculty Development KW - Data Interpretation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62600079?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Reading Framework for the National Assessment of Educational Progress: 1992-1998. NAEP Reading Consensus Project. AN - 62599870; ED406651 AB - This booklet presents the Reading Framework for the 1992, 1994, and 1998 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). Developed through a national consensus process as part of an effort to move assessment forward, the framework presented in the booklet is more consistent with contemporary knowledge about reading and more relevant to the needs of education decisionmakers than earlier assessments have been. After an overview and introduction, the first chapter of the booklet discusses the development of the Reading Framework. The second chapter discusses the design of the Reading Framework, including: a goal for reading literacy education, constructing, extending, and examining meaning; and constructing the assessment. The third chapter addresses special studies (on oral reading, portfolios, and metacognition) and background information. Contains 10 references. Appendixes list members of the Steering and Planning committees, and present 9 sample items. (RS) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 67 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160489059 KW - National Assessment of Educational Progress KW - Reading Management KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Intermediate Grades KW - Reading Tests KW - Reading Achievement KW - Reading Skills KW - Test Format KW - Student Development KW - Literacy KW - Test Content KW - Test Construction KW - Secondary Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62599870?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Leading Head Start Into the Future. Training Guides for the Head Start Learning Community. AN - 62526263; ED419581 AB - A commitment to enhancing and developing leadership skills contributes to positioning Head Start as a central community institution for low-income children and their families. This guide, comprised of three training modules, is intended to help Head Start leaders refine and expand their skills and knowledge through a variety of training activities. Module 1, "Understanding Leadership," helps participants understand the meaning of effective Head Start leadership, allows them to explore how personal and organizational values are related to effective leadership, and introduces the MOVER model of the leadership behaviors of mentoring, engaging in outreach, committing to a shared vision, empowering others, and acting as a role model. Module 2, "Influencing Organizational Culture," focuses on techniques that extend leadership behaviors throughout the organization and demonstrates the impact of these behaviors on the organizational culture. Module 3, "Positioning Head Start for the Future," encourages participants to recognize the role that the program plays in the community, helps them to develop skills and behaviors for building or strengthening partnerships, and allows participants to enhance their abilities to envision the future and to communicate their visions within the context of the MOVER behaviors. Each module includes outcomes that are based on the guide outcomes, key concepts, and background information. The leadership journal and professional development plan are intended to help participants reflect on their experiences and develop leadership action plans. The final section of the guide is an annotated list of 50 print, organizational, and electronic resources. (Author/KB) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 128 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160427266 KW - Learning Communities KW - Project Head Start KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Preschool Teachers KW - Learning Modules KW - Parent Workshops KW - Teacher Workshops KW - Professional Development KW - Leadership Training KW - Preschool Education KW - Administration KW - Learning Activities KW - Personnel Management KW - Leaders KW - Leadership UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62526263?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For other Training Guides, see PS 026 418-420. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Participating in the Management Process. Training Guides for the Head Start Learning Community. AN - 62526206; ED419582 AB - Sound management principles can help ensure that early childhood programs provide sound services to children and families. This document contains three training modules detailing fundamental management concepts to help Head Start staff and parents provide quality services. Module 1, "What is Management?" helps participants recognize how they use basic management functions in their personal lives and in interactions with Head Start staff, parents, and children, and includes activities to assess management skills. Module 2, "Everyone Plays a Role," links the concept of shared values with the process of teamwork and a comprehensive team approach to service delivery to allow participants to identify their own values and determine their roles in achieving the program's mission. Module 3, "Quality Is a Priority," helps participants understand the importance of quality and demonstrates how quality depends on shared Head Start values and the team process. Each module includes outcomes, key concepts, and background information that support the learning outcomes. Also, each module contains an opening activity related to the preface scenario so participants can apply key concepts to Head Start. The modules can be used sequentially, and the trainer can select and customize topics to match program needs. Various training formats are used: workshop activities, coaching activities, individualized follow-up activities related to each module, and continuing professional development activities. The final section of the guide is an annotated list of 41 print, organizational, and electronic resources. (Author/KB) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 113 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160427185 KW - Project Head Start KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Learning Modules KW - Preschool Education KW - Administration KW - Teamwork KW - Values Clarification KW - Professional Development KW - Learning Activities KW - Management Development KW - Personnel Management KW - Fundamental Concepts KW - Educational Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62526206?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For other Training Guides, see PS 026 417-420. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Social Marketing Strategies for Campus Prevention of Alcohol and Other Drug Problems. AN - 62523688; ED415786 AB - This document sets out one segment of a comprehensive approach intended to assist institutions of higher education in developing and carrying out alcohol abuse and other drug prevention programs. Social marketing is described as a tool of environmental management, that seeks to produce a specified behavior in a target audience. Intended for a broad campus audience, the brochure examines the development of social marketing and uses 10 campus examples to illustrate ways to popularize positive ideas and attitudes, and encourage favorable changes in social values and individual behavior. Commercial marketing principles, summed up as the four Ps: product, price, place, and promotion, are translated into equivalent elements for use in a social marketing campaign. The report emphasizes the importance of appropriate research and evaluation and recommends that research be focused on four areas: (1) the problem the campaign will address; (2) the audience; (3) the messages; and (4) the communication channels to be used. Since data gathered before a campaign are essential for measuring its impact afterward, it is suggested that the requirements for an evaluation be considered during the planning stage. Appended are a list of resources and estimated costs of a social marketing program. (Contains 11 endnotes.) (BF) AU - Zimmerman, Robert Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 45 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160493447 KW - Social Marketing KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Drinking KW - School Community Relationship KW - Substance Abuse KW - College Environment KW - Surveys KW - Higher Education KW - Pretesting KW - Community Coordination KW - Focus Groups KW - Prevention KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Student Attitudes KW - Marketing KW - College Students KW - Alcohol Education KW - Change Strategies KW - Interviews KW - Behavior Change KW - Change Agents KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62523688?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - U.S. Trade Competitiveness and Work Force Education and Training. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Trade of the Committee on Ways and Means. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session (July 25, 1996). AN - 62519721; ED415394 AB - This document reports the oral and written testimony submitted at a Congressional hearing on ways in which the government, business, and industry are working to improve the competitiveness of the U.S. work force through education and training initiatives. Witnesses included the following: U.S. Secretary of Labor Robert Reich; U.S. Department of Education Assistant Secretary David Longanecker; Thomas Bailey, Columbia University Institute on Education and the Economy; Howard Rosen, Competitiveness Policy Council; Howard Samuel, Council on Competitiveness; Stanley Litow, IBM Foundation; Roberts Jones, National Alliance of Business; Leo Reddy, National Coalition for Advanced Manufacturing; and Sanford Weill, Travelers Group, New York. Their testimony focused on the need for national policy initiatives to reform schools and job training to produce a competitive work force with the skills needed for the next century. They suggested earlier emphasis on acquiring skills needed on the job, more focus on career education at earlier grades, and the necessity for employer input into the school mission. Programs that are fulfilling these ideals were described and the necessity for more collaborative efforts was emphasized. (KC) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 144 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160557275 KW - Congress 104th KW - Economic Competitiveness KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Technological Advancement KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Employment Projections KW - Employer Attitudes KW - Cooperative Programs KW - Educational Legislation KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Public Policy KW - Job Training KW - Labor Needs KW - Federal Legislation KW - Policy Formation KW - Hearings KW - Institutional Cooperation KW - Demand Occupations KW - Labor Force Development KW - Futures (of Society) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62519721?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 104-88. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Digest of Education Statistics, 1997. AN - 62517942; ED411612 AB - This 1997 edition of the "Digest of Education Statistics" is the 32nd in a series of publications initiated in 1962. Its primary purpose is to provide a compilation of statistical information covering the broad field of American education from kindergarten through graduate school. The digest includes data from many government and private sources, and draws especially on the results of surveys and activities carried out by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). The publication contains information on a variety of topics, including the number of schools and colleges, teachers, enrollments, graduates, educational attainment, finances, federal funds for education, employment and income of graduates, libraries, and international education. Supplemental information is provided on population trends, attitudes on education comparisons, education characteristics of the labor force, government finances, and economic trends. The digest is divided into seven chapters: "All Levels of Education,""Elementary and Secondary Education,""Postsecondary Education,""Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities,""Outcomes of Education,""International Comparisons of Education," and "Learning Resources and Technology." The introduction includes a brief overview of current trends in American education. The data show that in the fall of 1997, about 75 million people were involved, directly or indirectly, in providing or receiving formal education. Assessment data indicate that there have been improvements in mathematics and science performance between 1986 and 1996. A higher proportion of high school graduates are going on to college. Yet, wide variations in student proficiency from state to state and mediocre mathematics scores of American students in international assessments pose challenges. The appendix contains a guide to tabular presentation, a guide to sources, definitions, 12 tables, and an index. Thirty-three figures and 422 tables comprise the bulk of the document. (AA) AU - Snyder, Thomas D. AU - Hoffman, Charlene M. AU - Geddes, Claire M. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 619 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328 SN - 0160493439 KW - National Center for Education Statistics KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Federal Aid KW - Educational Finance KW - Academic Achievement KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Higher Education KW - Educational Attainment KW - Income KW - Student Financial Aid KW - Expenditures KW - Demography KW - Degrees (Academic) KW - Foreign Countries KW - Federal Programs KW - Enrollment KW - School Personnel KW - Tables (Data) KW - Education Work Relationship UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62517942?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For 1996 report, see ED 402 679. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Programs. Hearings before the Subcommittee on Forestry, Resource Conservation, and Research of the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session (June 17-18 and July 9, 22, 1997). AN - 62512660; ED415390 AB - This document contains transcripts of testimony and prepared testimony from 93 witnesses who testified at or submitted statements to a Congressional hearing on agricultural research, education, and extension programs. Witnesses included U.S. representatives, administrators of colleges of agriculture in universities, representatives of Farm Bureaus, and representatives of various groups in the agricultural industry. The hearings revolved around a broad range of issues concerning agriculture, with emphasis on the benefits it has produced and the need to continue it and fund it as well as possible. Witnesses also noted the benefits to youth of participation in agricultural youth groups and the need to update techniques, research methodology, and teaching methods to use resources more effectively. (KC) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 490 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160554314 KW - Congress 105th KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Student Organizations KW - Agricultural Engineering KW - Extension Education KW - Agricultural Production KW - Research Projects KW - Rural Education KW - Higher Education KW - Educational Needs KW - Secondary Education KW - Research Needs KW - College Programs KW - Hearings KW - Vocational Education KW - Agricultural Education KW - Agricultural Occupations KW - Agricultural Trends KW - Futures (of Society) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62512660?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 105-20. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Teaching Hospital and Other Issues Related to Graduate Medical Education. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Health of the Committee on Ways and Means. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session (June 11, 1196). AN - 62511647; ED411754 AB - This document reports testimony presented on Medicare financing of graduate medical education, as proposed by the Balanced Budget Act of 1995. Witnesses included: (1) Timothy M. Golddfarb, Director, Healthcare Systems (Oregon), who noted the importance of graduate medical education funding to teaching hospitals; (2) Leo P. Brideau of Strong Memorial Hospital (Rochester, New York) who was concerned with protecting the program's viability; (3) Larry Wickless of the American Osteopathic Association, who hoped for increased support for graduate osteopathic programs; (4) Spencer Foreman, who spoke on behalf of the Greater New York Hospital Association concerning the importance of international medical graduates to institutions serving poor populations; (5) William E. Jacott, who spoke for the American Medical Association, which supports changes in the graduate medical education program; (6) Patrick B. Harr, who spoke for the American Academy of Family Physicians, about the physician surplus; (7) Leslie S. Cutler, University of Connecticut Health Center, who suggested establishment of medical education consortiums; (8) Anthony M. Marlon and Jerry Reeves of Sierra Health Services (Las Vegas, Nevada), who described a private-public pilot program to fund education of medical residents; (9) Mary O. Mundlnger, Columbia School of Nursing (New York), who sought funds for graduate nursing education; and (10) Lynn E. Caton, representing the American Academy of Physician Assistants, who sought to make physician assistant programs eligible for such funding. In addition to the testimony, discussions between witnesses and the committee members are also transcribed. (CH) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 142 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160553377 KW - Congress 104th KW - Medicare KW - Proposed Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Federal Aid KW - Government School Relationship KW - Government Role KW - Educational Finance KW - Medical Schools KW - Higher Education KW - Federal Government KW - Health Occupations KW - Nursing Education KW - Opinions KW - Hearings KW - Graduate Medical Education KW - Teaching Hospitals KW - Foreign Medical Graduates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62511647?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial 104-83. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Planning for Transitions. Training Guides for the Head Start Learning Community. AN - 62510271; ED419583 AB - Successful early childhood program transitions involve the coordination and continuation of developmental and comprehensive services from birth through age eight. This guide is designed to facilitate the successful transition of children and their families into and out of Early Head Start and Head Start programs and assists in planning for daily transitions to home or child care settings. Section 1 of the guide, "Skill-Based Training," contains four Head Start staff training modules that liken transition planning to traveling on a railroad system. Module 1, "Getting on Track with Transition Planning," provides a framework for effective planning, with activities to set goals based on assessments of current practices, identify key partners, and create a team. Module 2, "Bringing Families on Board for Planning," allows staff to work as a team to improve outcomes for transitioning children and families, with activities to facilitate obtaining and sharing information to develop individualized transition plans. Module 3, "Making Connections with Other Programs," involves assessing and strengthening the relationships among sending and receiving programs. Module 4, "Accessing Services through Community Linkages," encourages staff and parents to identify services gaps, with activities to create an interagency planning team and develop strategies for gaining and sustaining the support of staff and parents. Each module contains workshop and coaching activities, outcomes, key concepts, background information, preparation notes, ideas for applying skills and resources, and handouts. Section 2 of the guide, "Informational Resources," includes summaries on transition planning, comprehensive services, and effective transition practices; program profiles describing promising practices; tools to help in organizing planning; and an annotated list of 24 resources. (Author/KB) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 172 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160427169 KW - Early Head Start KW - Project Head Start KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Preschool Teachers KW - Young Children KW - Developmental Continuity KW - Transitional Programs KW - Early Childhood Education KW - Professional Development KW - School Readiness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62510271?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For other Training Guides, see PS 026 417-420. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Clear Signals? Telecommunications, Convergence, and the Quality of Information. A Summary of Proceedings of the FLICC Forum on Federal Information Policies (14th, Washington, DC, 1997). AN - 62509313; ED417750 AB - The purpose of the Federal Library and Information Center Committee (FLICC) is to make federal library and information centers' resources more effective through professional development of employees, promotion of library and information services, and coordination of available resources. This 14th Forum concerns telecommunications and information policy, access, and quality. Welcoming remarks by Susan Tarr and an Introduction by Daniel Mulhollan begin the report. The Forum's vision speaker, Larry Pressler, suggests what telecommunications technology has in store. The first keynote address by Elliot Maxwell, "When a Plan Comes Together," explains how government plans to facilitate progress and balance interests as it implements new telecommunications law. The remaining presentations are: "Universal Service/Citizen Participation in Government" (Andrew Blau); "A Global Environment" (David Turetsky); "Diversity--Commercialization and Consolidation" (second keynote address, Lawrence K. Grossman); "Relevance--Retrieving and Filtering Software" (William Burrington); "Professional Assistance" (Peggy Garvin); and "Continuity--Coordination and Commitment" (David Plocher). Final remarks from Emmett Paige focus on future needs for information systems and service provision. (AEF) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 35 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160494516 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Technological Advancement KW - Information Systems KW - Information Services KW - Online Searching KW - Government Role KW - Information Dissemination KW - Public Policy KW - Information Retrieval KW - Telecommunications KW - Laws KW - User Needs (Information) KW - Search Intermediaries KW - Online Vendors KW - Computer Software Evaluation KW - Information Networks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62509313?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The National Education Goals Report: Building a Nation of Learners, 1998. AN - 62505929; ED421553 AB - This report, eighth in a series, is designed to measure progress made by the nation toward the eight National Education Goals. A statement of the eight National Education Goals is followed by an Introduction which explains the indicators by which progress toward the Goals is measured. The Introduction also summarizes national and state findings for areas of improvement and areas of decline, and highest-performing and most-improved states for each of the Goals. The next two sections, "National Progress" and "State Progress", comprise the bulk of the report, and present data for the 26 national and 33 state-level indicators. Although important progress has been made overall towards three of the Goals ("Ready To Learn,""Student Achievement and Citizenship," and "Mathematics and Science"), inconsistent performance and even slippage has occurred for other Goals; therefore, the National Education Goals Panel urges educators and policymakers to study the practices of top-performing states that the Panel documents and disseminates in various of its other publications. Three appendices present technical notes and sources for national and state indicators, and acknowledgments. (LMD) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 87 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. Also available from: National Education Goals Panel, 1255 22nd St., N.W., Suite 502, Washington,DC 20037; and in electronic form at: http://www.negp.gov KW - America 2000 KW - National Education Goals Panel KW - National Education Goals 1990 KW - Reform Efforts KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Adult Literacy KW - High School Graduates KW - Standard Setting KW - Educational Objectives KW - Educational Indicators KW - Mathematics Achievement KW - National Programs KW - Academic Achievement KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Educational Improvement KW - Sciences KW - Standards KW - Science Achievement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62505929?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For the 1997 National Education Goals Report, see N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Hearing on H.R. 6, The Higher Education Amendments of 1998. Hearing before the Committee on Education and the Workforce. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session (York, PA, January 28, 1997). AN - 62504955; ED415762 AB - These hearings were concerned with the authorization of the Higher Education Act 1998 amendments. The hearing focused on affordability of postsecondary education, simplifying the student financial aid system, and academic quality for students. The document reports testimony of representatives of professional associations and Pennsylvania postsecondary institutions. Some of the views expressed included: the need to simplify the application process and eligibility for Title IV student financial aid programs; the need to continue equal access to Title IV funds for private career schools; the Pell Grant Program as the primary source of financial assistance for community college students; the confusion and wasted time caused by frequent regulatory changes and excessive communications to colleges by the Department of Education; the desirability of reviewing the current needs analysis system to determine whether all relevant data are being used to calculate the expected family contribution; campus-based aid programs (College Work-Study, Perkins Loans, and Student Educational Opportunity Grants) that are crucial for students who wish to attend independent colleges; and the various performance outcome measures that should be used in addition to loan default rates to ensure the educational quality and accountability of colleges. (SW) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 198 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160542146 KW - College Work Study Program KW - Congress 105th KW - Educational Opportunities Programs KW - Higher Education Act Title IV KW - Pell Grant Program KW - Pennsylvania KW - Perkins Loan Program KW - Proposed Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Policymakers KW - Need Analysis (Student Financial Aid) KW - Federal Aid KW - Government School Relationship KW - Access to Education KW - Private Colleges KW - Higher Education KW - Accountability KW - Eligibility KW - Student Financial Aid KW - State Universities KW - Federal Legislation KW - Hearings KW - Community Colleges KW - Federal Regulation KW - Compliance (Legal) KW - Financial Aid Applicants KW - Student Costs KW - Parent Financial Contribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62504955?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 105-2. Contains light, broken print tha N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Children's Protection from Violent Programming Act. Report of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on S. 363. Senate, 105th Congress, 1st Session, Calendar No. 182. AN - 62502776; ED414052 AB - Senate Bill 363 is designed to protect American children from the harm caused by viewing violence on television. The bill amends the Communications Act of 1934 to require that violent video programming be limited to broadcast after the hours when children are reasonably likely to comprise a substantial portion of the audience, unless it is specifically rated on the basis of its violent content so that it is blockable by electronic means specifically on the basis of that content. This report on the Bill provides background information on television violence and details the legislation. Section 1 of the report addresses background and needs for such legislation. Section 2 describes the historical Congressional concern over the amount of violence on television. Section 3 summarizes research on television violence and violent behavior, while section 4 addresses the growth of television violence. Section 5 presents anecdotal evidence of the effect of television violence. Section 6 provides a summary of the response by the television community, including: (1) public service announcement; (2) common television code; (3) warning labels; and (4) industry-proposed ratings system. Section 7 provides response to the industry's proposed ratings system. Section 8 provides summary information on actions taken in other countries. Section 9 discusses the issues of constitutional analysis. The final sections describe the legislative history of this bill. (Author/SD) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 35 KW - Communications Act 1934 KW - Congress 105th KW - Proposed Legislation KW - Television Criticism KW - Television Networks KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Audience Response KW - Commercial Television KW - Childrens Television KW - Violence KW - Mass Media Effects KW - Television Viewing KW - Federal Legislation KW - Broadcast Industry KW - Networks KW - Emotional Response KW - Broadcast Television KW - Aggression KW - Programming (Broadcast) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62502776?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Employers, Families and Education. AN - 62502698; ED414087 AB - Family involvement in education is good for business, critical to children's school achievement, and important in creating strong and vibrant communities. This report discusses the role of businesses and employers in helping partners and family members be more involved in children's learning. Throughout the report, programs at specific companies are highlighted. The introduction, "Better Education Is Everybody's Business," notes that President Clinton's "Call to Action for American Education in the 21st Century" provides a focus for needed changes in education, while encouraging local initiative and business involvement. The next chapter, "Business' Bottom Line," discusses how employers can support employees who need to balance the demands of work and home and the research indicating that parents have a powerful influence on students. The third chapter, "Integration of Work, Family and Education," discusses company policies that support family and employee involvement in education, including flextime, part-time work options, telecommuting, and time off for school activities. This chapter also discusses how companies support families through worksite and offsite programs, including child care programs, employer-sponsored seminars, parenting and training programs, family support and information groups, resource and referral services, newsletters and Web sites, and literacy training for adults. The fourth chapter, "Community Based Efforts," notes that employers are providing resources, funding special school projects, establishing volunteer/mentor programs at many schools, and initiating public awareness campaigns about the importance of education and parent involvement. The report concludes with a discussion of the Partnership for Family Involvement in Education, an initiative to promote children's learning through the development of family-school-community partnerships. A Statement of Commitment is included, which employers can fill out and mail to the Partnership for Family Involvement in Education. Contains 14 references and a resource list of organizations, programs, and companies. (LPP) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 37 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328; phone: 800-USA-LEARN. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Descriptions KW - School Community Relationship KW - Employer Supported Day Care KW - Community Cooperation KW - Employed Parents KW - Early Childhood Education KW - School Age Day Care KW - School Business Relationship KW - Family Involvement KW - Partnerships in Education KW - Family School Relationship KW - Parent Student Relationship KW - Family Programs KW - School Policy KW - Parent Participation KW - Employer Employee Relationship UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62502698?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For related document, see ED 380 227. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Building a Nation of Readers. AN - 62502543; ED414562 AB - Inviting individuals and families, schools, libraries, educational, civic and government associations, labor unions, and others to join in building a nation of readers, this booklet lists ideas for organizing and supporting reading promotion projects that benefit all age groups. Ideas presented in the booklet include: teach someone to read; set family reading goals; give books and magazine subscriptions as gifts; use television and radio to encourage reading; encourage personal recommendations of books worth reading; plan a summer reading program; give awards for reading achievement; become a book fair organizer; form a reading promotion partnership with a local school; and give books as business gifts. The booklet also briefly describes the BOOK IT! National Reading Incentive Program, sponsored by Pizza Hut, Inc. (RS) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 7 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Mass Media Use KW - Recreational Reading KW - Reading Programs KW - Reading Instruction KW - Lifelong Learning KW - Reading Improvement KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Reading Motivation KW - Reading Attitudes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62502543?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Implementing the Abstinence Education Provision of the Welfare Reform Legislation. AN - 62499272; ED413323 AB - As part of its 1996 welfare reform bill, the U.S. Congress enacted a $50 million per year program to fund abstinence education. The welfare reform law addresses the problem of births to single adolescents by enforcing child support payments, giving states financial incentives to reduce nonmarital births, and creating the abstinence education grant. The grant, administered under the Federal Maternal and Child Health program, mandates that programs give teens one unambiguous message: sex outside marriage is wrong and harmful to health. Every program funded by the provision must teach: (1) abstinence as the only certain way to avoid pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases and as the expected standard for students; (2) monogamous married relationships as the expected standard of human sexual activity; (3) self-sufficiency as essential before engaging in sexual activity; and (4) the ability to reject sexual advances and understand the dangers of alcohol and drugs. States may have flexibility in deciding how to administer the program, though they are obligated to be aggressive in creating programs. Regardless of how states distribute the abstinence education money, the funds can only be spent on activities meeting the definition of abstinence education within the Federal statute. Two appendixes provide: Provisions to Combat Rising Out-of-Wedlock Birth Rates, Welfare Reform Conference Report on H.R. 3734; and Legislative Language and Report Language for Abstinence Education Provision. (SM) AU - Haskins, Ron AU - Bevan, Carol Statuto Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 24 KW - Abstinence Education KW - Maternal and Child Health Block Grants KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Births to Single Women KW - Welfare Reform KW - Sex Education KW - Health Promotion KW - Block Grants KW - Public Health KW - Federal Legislation KW - Sexual Abstinence KW - Health Behavior KW - Social Problems KW - Student Behavior KW - State Federal Aid KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62499272?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Achieving the Goals: Goal 8--Parental Involvement and Participation. AN - 62497681; ED416023 AB - In 1994, the U.S. Congress added parental involvement to the National Education Goals. Goal 8 states that by the years 2000, every school will promote partnerships that will increase parental involvement and participation in promoting the social, emotional, and academic growth of children. The fourth in a series that seeks to inform educators and the public of the possibilities for programs and funding that exist outside the Department of Education, this book provides a compendium of educational programs across the federal government, providing a useful tool for seeking funding for activities related to achieving this National Education Goal. Following the introduction, the book provides detailed information about the various parental involvement activities of the Department of Education and the Partnership for Family Involvement in Education. The remainder of the book, which lists specific federal programs that might support parent involvement, is organized by education topics. Topics include at-risk students, bilingual education, drug abuse prevention, gifted and talented, special education, housing, safety, and recreation. The book concludes with a list of useful publications for parents from several federal resources. The appendices list state and local points of contact for various activities. (HTH) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 135 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160492459 KW - Department of Education KW - Family Support KW - National Education Goals 1990 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Partnerships in Education KW - Parent Student Relationship KW - Parent School Relationship KW - Federal Programs KW - Parent Participation KW - Elementary Secondary Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62497681?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Supporting Children with Challenging Behaviors: Relationships Are Key. Training Guides for the Head Start Learning Community. AN - 62496314; ED417846 AB - Increasingly, teachers are expressing their growing concern about problem behaviors many children display in their classrooms. This technical guide offers Head Start staff a process for reflecting on their own practice, assessing difficult situations, and designing interventions for problem behaviors through joint problem solving. The guide is written for Head Start teaching teams and their immediate supervisors; it will also be useful to family service workers, home visitors, managers, and other Head Start staff, as well as consultants. The guide contains the following sections: (1) "Module 1: Laying the Groundwork" helps participants identify ways in which their own perceptions and experiences influence how they interact with children with challenging behaviors; (2) "Module 2: Practically Speaking" helps participants develop a system for collecting data and then using it to develop strategies that capitalize on children's strengths and needs; (3) "Module 3: Building a Supportive Environment" helps participants identify when and how to seek appropriate supports within the program and within the community in an effort to fully integrate children with challenging behaviors into their programs; (4) "Continuing Professional Development" offers strategies that supervisors can use to help staff apply new skills and extend their learning; and (5) "Resources" lists print and audiovisual materials and other resources that staff can use to learn more about the key issues presented in the guide. In order to accommodate the needs of different Head Start grantees, each module offers two different delivery strategies: workshop and coaching. (EV) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 120 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328; SN - 0160427177 KW - Project Head Start KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Teachers KW - Preschool Teachers KW - Caregiver Child Relationship KW - Teacher Student Relationship KW - Training KW - Intervention KW - Staff Development KW - Problem Children KW - Behavior Problems KW - Classroom Techniques KW - Antisocial Behavior KW - Behavior Disorders KW - Preschool Education KW - Resource Materials KW - Reflective Teaching KW - Change Strategies KW - Preschool Children KW - Behavior Change UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62496314?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Culture Matters: The Peace Corps Cross-Cultural Workbook. AN - 62445887; ED429911 AB - This workbook serves as a map to guide Peace Corps trainees through their cross-cultural experience and as a record of thoughts and feelings as they live and work in their host country. The workbook examines the behaviors and values of people in the host country in relation to those of the people in the trainees' native country; it does not intend to suggest that American culture is superior or inferior to the host country's culture. The workbook covers the following fundamentals of culture: the concept of self, personal versus societal obligations, the concept of time, the locus of control, and comparing American and host country views. Following an introduction, the workbook contains the following chapters: (1) "Understanding Culture"; (2) "American Culture and American Diversity"; (3) "Styles of Communication"; (4) "Culture in the Workplace"; (5) "Social Relationships"; and (6) "Adjusting to a New Culture." Appendixes contain information on using cultural informants, joining in, keeping a journal, learning from the media and the arts, critical incidents, and studying an institution. Answers to chapter questions are also provided. (BT) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 267 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328; Tel: 202-512-1800 (stock no. 056-000-00052-6, $20). SN - 0964447231 KW - Communication Styles KW - Peace Corps KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Cultural Context KW - Communication Problems KW - Foreign Countries KW - Cultural Awareness KW - Cultural Differences KW - Sociocultural Patterns KW - Cross Cultural Training KW - Culture Contact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62445887?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Including Children with Significant Disabilities in Head Start. Training Guides for the Head Start Learning Community. AN - 62442753; ED424020 AB - Intended to help Head Start programs recruit and include children with significant disabilities and their families, this guide offers Head Start staff tools to work more collaboratively to plan and implement integrated services for all children, especially children with significant disabilities. Following an introductory section, the guide presents three training modules. Each module details expected outcomes, key concepts, background information, learning activities, and next steps. Handouts are included for each module. Module One, "Getting Ready," helps participants identify how their own experiences and assumptions influence their relationships with children with significant disabilities and offers strategies that can be used to be more family centered. Module Two, "Making it Work," helps participants adapt their practices and develop strategies to support the participation of children with significant disabilities in their Head Start Programs. Module Three, "Promoting Collaboration," helps managers work more effectively with service providers and community agencies to recruit and include children with significant disabilities and their families. The final sections of the guide offers continuing professional development and resource lists that staff can use to learn more about the key issues presented in the guide. (Contains 14 appendices that detail specific disabilities.) (SD) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 165 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160427533 KW - Disability Awareness KW - Disability Management KW - Project Head Start KW - Special Needs Children KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Teachers KW - Workshops KW - High Risk Students KW - Normalization (Disabilities) KW - Inclusive Schools KW - Special Needs Students KW - Cooperation KW - Mainstreaming KW - Individual Needs KW - Staff Development KW - Preschool Education KW - Disabilities KW - Resource Materials KW - Training Methods KW - Attitudes toward Disabilities KW - Preschool Children UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62442753?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For other "Training Guides" in this series, see ED N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - From Thibodaux to Tucumcari: Family Literacy in Rural Libraries. A Report from the Viburnum Family Literacy Project. AN - 62442131; ED426701 AB - The Viburnum Foundation, a family foundation based in New York, is currently in the fifth year of giving grants to rural library-sponsored family literacy programs in Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas. The libraries involved in the Viburnum Family Literacy Project are in areas with high levels of poverty and illiteracy. The programming, which usually takes place at a library, a Head Start Center, or a school, may include parenting classes for adults, adult literacy and English as a Second Language instruction in classrooms and by tutors, storytelling and reading aloud to children exclusively or for all generations, and bilingual programming for adults and children. This report discusses what makes library-based family literacy programs work, and how policymakers, grantmakers, and community leaders can collaborate to promote family literacy in rural areas. Following an introduction, the body of the report is divided into six main sections in terms of the following topics and subtopics: 1) the rural library as a site for family learning and the rural community as a site for social change; 2) program staff and participants; 3) partnerships; 4) programs (planning, budgeting and spending, program design, content and activities, impacts); 5) grantmaking issues; and 6) critical areas of change. A concluding chapter reiterates the reasons why libraries and literacy programs are critical to the health of society, and outlines difficult challenges to be faced in the near future. Appendices present a Viburnum Foundation project history and list of Viburnum sites. (AEF) AU - Turner, Molly AU - Kober, Nancy Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 67 KW - Web Sites KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Adult Literacy KW - Outreach Programs KW - Information Services KW - Reading KW - Rural Population KW - Private Financial Support KW - Grants KW - Public Libraries KW - Philanthropic Foundations KW - Library Services KW - Rural Areas KW - Library Funding KW - Budgets KW - Family Literacy KW - Adult Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62442131?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Priorities for Arts Education Research. AN - 62440017; ED422261 AB - This report was developed from a task force of education, arts, business and foundation leaders to address the question: What knowledge can research create that will help schools and policy makers provide an appropriate arts education to American students? The report recommends that research be conducted on five aspects of student learning in the arts, including: (1) the effects of arts education on preschool children and how that relates student achievement in the arts and other academic areas; (2) the effects of arts education on preparing students for successful work and careers; (3) the effects of arts education on the academic performance of at-risk student populations; (4) the effects of arts education on student understanding and appreciation of the diversity of cultural traditions in America; and (5) identification of the best instructional practices in the arts along with the most effective methods of professional development for teachers throughout their careers to insure the highest caliber of arts instruction. The report also makes five recommendations for the development and dissemination of information to guide education policy makers in making decisions affecting arts education. (EH) AU - Murfee, Elizabeth Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 29 PB - U.S Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Art KW - Fine Arts KW - Cultural Education KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Humanities KW - Aesthetics KW - National Standards KW - Cultural Background KW - Art Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62440017?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - This report is a response by the arts education co N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Sustaining a Healthy Environment: Training Guides for the Head Start Learning Community. AN - 62437674; ED422061 AB - Exploring and working with environmental issues can be exciting and enriching for Head Start staff. The goal of the technical guide is to broaden Head Start staff members' understanding of the natural environment so they can better incorporate environmental enrichment and environmental protection into their programs. The guide is organized into five sections, beginning with three training modules. Module 1, "Caring for Our Children, Caring for Our Earth," examines the Head Start program's overall goals in its work with children and families. This module explores ways that environmental concepts and environmental education can strengthen these services. Module 2, "Environmental Risks and Hazards," addresses staff members' ability to identify, understand, and alleviate environmental hazards, especially those relevant to their programs. Module 3, "Building Communities Which Consider the Seventh Generation," deals with community development and the big picture of environmental health now and in the future. This module encourages Head Start staff to consider practices and policies in this light. Each of the modules provides learning opportunities for workshop sessions and coaching and is organized into the following sections: (1) outcomes; (2) key concepts; (3) background information; (4) discussion/reflection questions; (5) learning activities; (6) points to consider, issues for discussion prompts; (7) additional activities to reinforce the expected outcomes and transfer skills to the work setting; and (8) handouts. Following the training modules, the guide includes a section on continuing professional development presents suggestions for further increasing knowledge and skills. A section on environmental education resources completes the guide. (KB) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 159 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160427258 KW - Project Head Start KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Teachers KW - Workshops KW - Preschool Teachers KW - School Community Relationship KW - Learning Modules KW - Environmental Education KW - Class Activities KW - Community Development KW - Professional Development KW - Preschool Curriculum KW - Curriculum Development KW - Preschool Education KW - Conservation (Environment) KW - Teaching Guides KW - Learning Activities KW - Change Strategies KW - Pollution KW - Resources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62437674?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Youth Violence: Oversight of Federal Programs. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Youth Violence of the Committee on the Judiciary. United States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session on S. 1245, a Bill To Amend the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 To Identify Violent and Hardcore Juvenile Offenders and Treat Them as Adults, and for Other Purposes (May 8, 1996). AN - 62384862; ED435780 AB - This hearing focused on a bill to amend the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 to identify violent and hard core juvenile offenders and treat them as adults. Opening statements by four U.S. senators (the Honorable Fred Thompson, Herbert Kohl, Joseph R. Biden, Jr., and Orrin G. Hatch) present various perspectives on the role of the federal government in dealing with the problem of increasing youth violence. Following that are prepared statements by Senator John Ashcroft; Shay Bilchik, Administrator, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice; a panel consisting of Laurie E. Ekstrand, Associate Director, Administration of Justice Issues, General Government Division, U.S. General Accounting Office; Ira Schwartz, Dean, School of Social Work, University of Pennsylvania; and Lavonda Taylor, Chair, Coalition for Juvenile Justice, West Memphis, AR; and a panel consisting of Marvin E. Wolfgang, Professor of Criminology and of Law and Director, Selin Criminology Center, University of Pennsylvania; Delbert S. Elliott, Director, Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence, University of Colorado, Boulder; and Terence P. Thornberry, Professor, School of Criminal Justice, State University of New York at Albany, NY. An appendix presents questions and answers. (SM) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 166 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160542383 KW - Congress 104th KW - Juvenile Justice Delinquency Prevention Act 1974 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Outreach Programs KW - Crime KW - Federal Aid KW - Legislators KW - Government Role KW - Delinquency KW - Federal Government KW - Violence KW - Federal Programs KW - Hearings KW - Juvenile Justice KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62384862?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. J-104-79. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The Changing Nature of Youth Violence. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Youth Violence of the Committee on the Judiciary. United States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session on Examining the Current State of Youth Violence, Focusing on Its Changing Nature and Juvenile Intervention Programs Designed To Prevent Increased Violence (February 28, 1996). AN - 62384837; ED435782 AB - This hearing examined the current state of youth violence, focusing on its changing nature and juvenile intervention programs designed to prevent increased violence. Opening statements by Senators Fred Thompson, Herbert Kohl, and Joseph R. Biden addressed the seriousness of the problem. Two panels contributed prepared statements. The first panel included James Alan Fox, Dean, College of Criminal Justice, Northeastern University, Boston, MA; Alfred Blumstein, Professor, the Heinz School, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA; John J. Dilulio, Jr., Director, Center for Public Management, Brookings Institution, Washington, DC; and Eugene F. Rivers, III, Fellow, Center for the Study of Values and Public Life, Harvard Divinity School, and Pastor, Azusa Christian Community, Dorchester, MA. The second panel included the Honorable Carol Kelly, Circuit Court Judge, Oak Park, IL; the Honorable C. Van Deacon, Jr., General Services and Juvenile Circuit Court Judge, Bradley County, TN; Thomas P. Gordon, former Chief of Police, New Castle County, DE; and Steven Hare, Faith City Baptist Church, Newark, DE. (SM) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 88 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160541638 KW - Congress 104th KW - Juvenile Justice Delinquency Prevention Act 1974 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Outreach Programs KW - Crime KW - Legislators KW - Government Role KW - Religion KW - Delinquency KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Federal Government KW - Violence KW - Hearings KW - Black Students KW - Juvenile Justice KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62384837?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. J-104-66. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Youth Violence: Developing Local and State Solutions. Hearings before the Subcommittee on Youth Violence of the Committee on the Judiciary. United States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session on Focusing on Youth Violence and Developing Local and State Solutions (Memphis and Nashville, TN, February 15 and 16, 1996). AN - 62383997; ED435784 AB - This hearing focused on youth violence and the importance of developing local and state solutions. Senator Fred Thompson made an introductory statement. This was followed by four panels on each of 2 days of testimony. Day one's first panel included involved students and business people from Memphis, TN. The second panel included two Tennessee mayors, the president of the Memphis Board of Education, and the Honorable Kenneth Turner, Juvenile Court Judge, Memphis, TN. The third panel included James Ball, Facility Administrator, Shelby County Training Center, Memphis, TN; Veronica Coleman, U.S. Attorney, Memphis, TN; John W. Pierotti, District Attorney General, Memphis, TN; and Robert Wood, Consultant, Agency for Youth and Family Development, Memphis, TN. The fourth panel included community health workers, advocates, religious representatives from Memphis, TN. Day two's first panel included the Honorable Don Sunquist, Governor, State of Tennessee; George Hattaway, Commissioner of Youth Development, Nashville, TN; and Rita Wadley, Commissioner of Public Health, Nashville, TN. The second panel included the Honorable Beth Halteman Harwell, State Representative, State and Local Government Committee; the Honorable Douglas Henry, State Senator, Special Select Committee on Children and Youth, and Chairman, Finance Ways and Means Committee; and the Honorable Page Walley, State Representative, Special Select Committee on Children and Youth. The third panel included administrators from various community organizations that focused on adolescent needs. The fourth panel included the Honorable Paul R. Wohlford, Judge, Juvenile Court, Bristol, TN; the Honorable Randy Camp, Judge, Crockett County, TN; the Honorable Dan Speer, Mayor, Pulaski, TN; the Honorable Bernie Swiney, Mayor, London, TN; and the Honorable C. Van Deacon, Judge, Juvenile Court, Cleveland, TN. An appendix presents additional submissions for the record. (SM) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 264 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160542103 KW - Congress 104th KW - Juvenile Justice Delinquency Prevention Act 1974 KW - Tennessee KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Outreach Programs KW - Crime KW - Legislators KW - Government Role KW - Delinquency KW - Secondary School Students KW - Violence KW - Secondary Education KW - Local Government KW - State Government KW - Hearings KW - Juvenile Justice KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62383997?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. J-104-70. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Funding Youth Violence Programs: Should the Strings Be Cut? Hearing before the Subcommittee on Youth Violence of the Committee on the Judiciary. United States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session on Proposed Legislation Authorizing Funds for Programs of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (March 12, 1996). AN - 62382139; ED435783 AB - This hearing discussed proposed legislation authorizing funds for programs of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act. Opening statements by senators Fred Thompson, Joseph R. Biden, Herbert Kohl, Orrin G. Hatch, Charles E. Grassley, and Alan K. Simpson introduced the issue. Presentations involved two panels. The first consisted of Steve A. Carson, Chief of Police, LaFollette, TN; Byron Oedekoven, Sheriff, Campbell County, WY; Ray Luick, Administrative Officer, Wisconsin Office of Justice Assistance, Madison, WI; and William R. Woodward, Director, Colorado Division of Criminal Justice, Colorado Department of Public Safety, Denver, CO. The second included S. Camille Anthony, Executive Director, Utah Commission on Criminal and Juvenile Justice, Salt Lake City, UT; Jerry Regier, Director, Oklahoma Department of Juvenile Justice, Oklahoma City, OK; Patricia West, Director, Virginia Department of Youth and Family Services, Richmond, VA; Marion Kelly, Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services; and Robert G. Schwartz, Chairman, Juvenile Justice Committee, American Bar Association, Philadelphia, PA. An appendix presents questions to witnesses on both panels from the Committee on the Judiciary and responses from the panelists. Additional submissions include letters to Senator Thompson from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Department of Justice and from the Division of Criminal Justice, Colorado Department of Public Safety; a biography of Jerry Paul Regier; and prepared statements from Gary B. Melton for the American Psychological Association; Lavonda Taylor for the Coalition for Juvenile Justice; and Barry Krisbert, President, National Council on Crime and Delinquency. (SM) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 208 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160542006 KW - Congress 104th KW - Juvenile Justice Delinquency Prevention Act 1974 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Outreach Programs KW - Crime KW - Federal Aid KW - Legislators KW - Government Role KW - Delinquency KW - Federal Government KW - Violence KW - Federal Programs KW - Hearings KW - Juvenile Justice KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62382139?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. J-104-69. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Youth Violence. Hearings before the Committee on the Judiciary. United States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congress, First Session Focusing on the Cause of Juvenile Crime and the Need for Juvenile Justice Reform (Dover and Wilmington, DE, July 15 and 17, 1995). AN - 62380577; ED436592 AB - This hearing focused on the cause of juvenile crime and the need for juvenile justice reform. On the first day, an opening statement by Senator Joseph R. Biden examined the seriousness of the problem. Two panels contributed prepared statements. The first panel included Jim Hutchinson, Mayor, Dover, DE; Alan Ellingsworth, Colonel, Delaware State Police; George Pipin, Stevenson House, Milford, DE; and Greg Sleet, U.S. Attorney. The second panel included among others George Puliam, Unit Director for the Dover Boys and Girls Club, and Anthony Southerland, Director of the Youth Violence Initiative. On the second day, 13 people delivered statements. They included Jane Brady, Delaware Attorney General; Larry Sullivan, Public Defender; Hon. Vincent Poppiti, Chief Judge, Family Court, Delaware; Tom Gordon, Police Chief; New Castle, DE; Guy Sapp, Director of Division of Rehabilitative Services, Wilmington, DE; Orlando J. George, Jr., President, Delaware Technical and Community College; Hon. Rich Davis, Representative in the State House, DE; and Vince Garlick, President, Stormin' Norman Basketball League. An appendix presents additional submissions. (SM) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 194 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160541727 KW - Congress 104th KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Crime KW - Legislators KW - Government Role KW - Delinquency KW - Hearings KW - Federal Government KW - Violence KW - Juvenile Justice KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62380577?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. J-104-32. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Antitrust Implications of the College Bowl Alliance. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Antitrust, Business Rights, and Competition of the Committee on the Judiciary To Examine Antitrust and Competitive Issues within the College Football Bowl Alliance, Which Consists of the Southeastern Athletic Conference, the Big 12, the Atlantic Coast Conference, and the Big East, as Well as the University of Notre Dame (May 22, 1997). United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session. AN - 62233087; ED461320 AB - This hearing report concerns possible antitrust and anticompetitive violations by the College Bowl Alliance consisting of the Southeastern Athletic Conference (SEC), the Big 12, the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), and the Big East, as well as Notre Dame University; and after 1998 will include PAC-10, Big 10, and the Rose Bowl. An agreement was made between the College Alliance and three Bowls: Sugar Bowl, Orange Bowl, and Fiesta Bowl. Under the terms of the agreement, each year a different Alliance bowl is allowed to choose first from among the pool of Alliance conference champions and at-large teams. The stated purpose of this arrangement is to provide a No. 1 versus No. 2 championship match-up every year in a different bowl game. Excluded non-Alliance teams have raised issues involving the selection methods, the consequent disparity in television revenues, and related effects such as the inability to recruit top athletes by non-Alliance teams. Witnesses were grouped into two panels each consisting of individuals for or against the Alliance. Testifying against the Alliance included Senators Mitch McConnell (Kentucky), Robert Bennett (Utah), Craig Thomas (Wyoming), and Michael Enzi (Wyoming); as well as Karl Benson, commissioner of the Western Athletic Conference, and Ron Cooper, former head football coach, University of Louisville, Kentucky. Those testifying in favor of the College Bowl Alliance include Wally Richardson, a graduate of Penn State University, Roy F. Kramer, commissioner of the SEC, James E. Delaney, commissioner of the Big Ten Conference, and Cedric W. Dempsey, executive director of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). An appendix includes the transcript of a question-and-answer session between committee members and various witnesses. (BF) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 168 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160554675 KW - Antitrust Laws KW - Atlantic Coast Conference KW - Big East KW - Big Twelve Universities KW - College Bowl Alliance KW - Congress 105th KW - Fiesta Bowl KW - Orange Bowl KW - Southeastern Athletic Conference KW - Sugar Bowl KW - University of Notre Dame IN KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Football KW - Government School Relationship KW - Extramural Athletics KW - Hearings KW - Organizations (Groups) KW - Federal Regulation KW - Higher Education KW - Legislation KW - College Athletics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62233087?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. J-105-21. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic Development, Asian Values and the Political Ordering of Contemporary Singapore AN - 61632721; 9917510 AB - The extent to which Singapore's current economic success has problematized the development of Singaporean identity is investigated, along with the role of an "Asian values" ideology in overcoming the aforementioned identity crisis. An overview of Singapore's economic development since its 1965 independence is presented; specific attention is directed toward the role of the People's Action Party's (PAP) technocratic approach to achieving national economic growth. Limitations of Singapore's economic model are identified, & contradictions that have been internalized in the Singaporean state are noted. 56 References. J. W. Parker JF - Humboldt Journal of Social Relations AU - Martin-Jones, David AD - Dept of Political Science U of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-22 Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 SP - 121 EP - 145 VL - 23 IS - 1-2 SN - 0160-4341, 0160-4341 KW - Singapore KW - Cultural Values KW - Economic Development KW - Development Strategies KW - National Identity KW - Political Parties KW - article KW - 0715: social change and economic development; social change & economic development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61632721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Humboldt+Journal+of+Social+Relations&rft.atitle=Economic+Development%2C+Asian+Values+and+the+Political+Ordering+of+Contemporary+Singapore&rft.au=Martin-Jones%2C+David&rft.aulast=Martin-Jones&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Humboldt+Journal+of+Social+Relations&rft.issn=01604341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - HJSRAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Singapore; Economic Development; Cultural Values; National Identity; Political Parties; Development Strategies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Housing with Care: Housing Policies for an Ageing Australia AN - 61587992; 199802847 AB - In terms of the aging population & related urban-housing concerns, challenges & policy initiatives unique to the contemporary Australian case are discussed. Geographical & historical factors involved in government-funded housing are recounted, focusing on urban sprawl & the lack of housing choice. Private solutions for housing older people include self-contained units & other accommodations built by entrepreneurs & nonprofit organizations, but availability is limited by affordability. State & federal responses are examined, highlighting the formation of community care groups & programs that offer multiple housing options. 2 Tables, 4 Figures, 11 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Ageing International AU - Roberts, Maree AD - Dept Health & Family Services Aged Care Division, GPO Box 9848 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - January 1997 SP - 90 EP - 106 VL - 23 IS - 3-4 SN - 0163-5158, 0163-5158 KW - Housing Policy KW - Housing KW - Demographic Change KW - Elderly KW - Australia KW - Public Housing KW - article KW - 7214: social planning/policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61587992?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ageing+International&rft.atitle=Housing+with+Care%3A+Housing+Policies+for+an+Ageing+Australia&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Maree&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Maree&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=90&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ageing+International&rft.issn=01635158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Housing Policy; Housing; Australia; Elderly; Demographic Change; Public Housing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Study of Potential Risk Factors for Sexual Abuse in Childhood AN - 61546384; 199701169 AB - Examines the possible relationship between various risk factors & childhood sexual abuse with the aim of developing preventive & intervention strategies. Mailed questionnaires obtained in 1990 from 710 women among the Australian voting public produced data on demographics, family background, childhood, general health, adult relationships, sexuality, & childhood sexual experiences. The most significant sexual abuse risk factors identified include physical abuse, having a mother who was mentally ill, lacking a confidant, & social isolation. Predictors differed according to child's age & gender. Other predictors noted are mother's death, lack of caring female adult, & having an alcoholic mother or father. 4 Tables, 24 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Child Abuse and Neglect AU - Fleming, Jillian AU - Mullen, Paul AU - Bammer, Gabriele AD - Alcohol & Drug Service Dept Community Care, GPO Box 825 Canberra City ACT 2601 Australia Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - January 1997 SP - 49 EP - 58 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0145-2134, 0145-2134 KW - childhood sexual abuse, risk factors KW - 1990 questionnaires KW - women, Australia KW - Risk KW - Prevention KW - Intervention KW - Australia KW - Risk Assessment KW - Child Sexual Abuse KW - article KW - 6143: social welfare UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61546384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Child+Abuse+and+Neglect&rft.atitle=A+Study+of+Potential+Risk+Factors+for+Sexual+Abuse+in+Childhood&rft.au=Fleming%2C+Jillian%3BMullen%2C+Paul%3BBammer%2C+Gabriele&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=Jillian&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Child+Abuse+and+Neglect&rft.issn=01452134&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Child Sexual Abuse; Risk Assessment; Risk; Prevention; Intervention; Australia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Technological Reshaping of Metropolitan America AN - 61474835; 97a131444 JF - Journal of the American Planning Association AU - Shapira, Philip AU - Shapira, Philip Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - January 1997 SP - 158 EP - 159 VL - 63 IS - 1 SN - 0194-4363, 0194-4363 KW - article KW - 1218: urban sociology; urban sociology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61474835?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Planning+Association&rft.atitle=The+Technological+Reshaping+of+Metropolitan+America&rft.au=Shapira%2C+Philip%3BOffice+of+Technology+Assessment%2C+US+Congress&rft.aulast=Shapira&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Planning+Association&rft.issn=01944363&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Edition date: 1995. N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - JAPAD9 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - An Economic Profile of Women in the United States T2 - WOMEN AND WORK BT - ItemValueImpl ( label = Publication title value = [WOMEN AND WORK] blockName = text mnemonic = pub mnemonicSearchType = ExactMatch template = null ) AN - 60052887; 9912369 AB - Investigates population & fertility statistics, educational attainment rates, occupational & wage status, & income & poverty distributions, employing US Census data for white, African, Asian, & Hispanic American females to report on their current socioeconomic reality. Clearly, much information is forfeited by employing quantitative data to portray basic socioeconomic conditions for any population. Each individual story or "voice" is lost. What is gained, however, is an overall understanding of the economic status of women in the US today. 9 Tables, 15 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - WOMEN AND WORK AU - Robles, Barbara J Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 SP - 5 EP - 27 PB - Sage SN - 0803950586 KW - Whites KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Black Americans KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Profiles KW - Asian Americans KW - United States of America KW - Social Background KW - Females KW - bookitem KW - 2983: feminist/gender studies; sociology of gender & gender relations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60052887?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Sociological+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=An+Economic+Profile+of+Women+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Robles%2C+Barbara+J&rft.aulast=Robles&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=0803950586&rft.btitle=WOMEN+AND+WORK&rft.title=WOMEN+AND+WORK&rft.issn=08820910&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Publication note - Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1997 N1 - SuppNotes - Edition date: 1997. N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Women's Health and Cancer Rights Act of 1997: hearing, November 5, 1997, on S. 249 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-917 AN - 59976326; 1999-0507390 AB - On requiring insurance plans to cover the length of hospital stay for mastectomy as decided by a physician, and to cover breast reconstruction, and prohibiting insurance companies from financially penalizing physicians for providing medically necessary care; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+104 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+104 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160583004 KW - Women -- Health KW - United States -- Health policy KW - Medical service -- United States KW - Health insurance -- United States KW - Breast cancer -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59976326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B104&rft.isbn=0160583004&rft.btitle=Women%27s+Health+and+Cancer+Rights+Act+of+1997%3A+hearing%2C+November+5%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+249&rft.title=Women%27s+Health+and+Cancer+Rights+Act+of+1997%3A+hearing%2C+November+5%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+249&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-058300-4) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Promotion of adoption, safety, and support for abused and neglected children: hearing, October 8, 1997, on S. 1195 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-916 AN - 59975298; 1999-0506920 AB - Discusses the PASS ACT, legislation aimed at improving the child welfare and foster care systems, by getting children into permanent situations, either with their birth family or with adoptive parents; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+256 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+256 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160582849 KW - Child welfare -- United States -- Legislation KW - Parent and child (law) -- United States KW - Foster care -- United States -- Legislation KW - United States -- Social policy -- Legislation KW - Child abuse -- Prevention KW - Adoption -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59975298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B256&rft.isbn=0160582849&rft.btitle=Promotion+of+adoption%2C+safety%2C+and+support+for+abused+and+neglected+children%3A+hearing%2C+October+8%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+1195&rft.title=Promotion+of+adoption%2C+safety%2C+and+support+for+abused+and+neglected+children%3A+hearing%2C+October+8%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+1195&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-058284-9) pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - U.S. financial institutions and federal regulatory agencies management of the year 2000 computer problem: hearings, July 10 and 30, 1997, on the investigation into the manner in which U.S. financial institutions, the securities markets, and their regulatory agencies are responding to the year 2000 computer problem, the inability of many computer systems to process dates correctly beyond December 31, 1999 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-566 AN - 59968521; 1998-1011180 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+244 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+244 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160573475 KW - Securities -- Regulation KW - United States -- Finance KW - Government regulation of business -- United States KW - Banking -- Regulation KW - Year 2000 computer date conversion KW - Stock exchanges -- Regulation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59968521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B244&rft.isbn=0160573475&rft.btitle=U.S.+financial+institutions+and+federal+regulatory+agencies+management+of+the+year+2000+computer+problem%3A+hearings%2C+July+10+and+30%2C+1997%2C+on+the+investigation+into+the+manner+in+which+U.S.+financial+institutions%2C+the+securities+markets%2C+and+their+regulatory+agencies+are+responding+to+the+year+2000+computer+problem%2C+the+inability+of+many+computer+systems+to+process+dates+correctly+beyond+December+31%2C+1999&rft.title=U.S.+financial+institutions+and+federal+regulatory+agencies+management+of+the+year+2000+computer+problem%3A+hearings%2C+July+10+and+30%2C+1997%2C+on+the+investigation+into+the+manner+in+which+U.S.+financial+institutions%2C+the+securities+markets%2C+and+their+regulatory+agencies+are+responding+to+the+year+2000+computer+problem%2C+the+inability+of+many+computer+systems+to+process+dates+correctly+beyond+December+31%2C+1999&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057347-5) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Graduate medical education (GME): hearing, March 12, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-901 AN - 59901814; 1999-0507620 AB - Discusses the administration proposal to cap the number of residents, to encourage more training in primary care and in non-hospital settings, and to provide more payment equity for teaching hospitals when they serve Medicare managed care enrollees. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+154 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+154 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160582601 KW - Residents (medicine) -- United States KW - Medical education -- Federal aid KW - Hospitals -- Federal aid KW - United States -- Health policy KW - Medicare -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59901814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B154&rft.isbn=0160582601&rft.btitle=Graduate+medical+education+%28GME%29%3A+hearing%2C+March+12%2C+1997&rft.title=Graduate+medical+education+%28GME%29%3A+hearing%2C+March+12%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-058260-1) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Judicial activism: defining the problem and its impact: hearings, June 11-29, 1997, on S.J. Res. 26, a bill proposing a constitutional amendment to establish limited judicial terms of office T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. Serial no. J-105-23 S. hearing 105-261 AN - 59796547; 1998-0908200 AB - Examines role of the unelected federal judiciary in making policy judgements unguided by congressional or constitutional text; proposes term limitations. Impact on separation of powers. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. v+205 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - v+205 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160559170 KW - Judges -- Term of office KW - Judge-made law -- United States KW - Public policy -- Decision-making KW - United States -- Judiciary KW - Political questions and judicial power -- United States KW - Separation of powers -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59796547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=v%2B205&rft.isbn=0160559170&rft.btitle=Judicial+activism%3A+defining+the+problem+and+its+impact%3A+hearings%2C+June+11-29%2C+1997%2C+on+S.J.+Res.+26%2C+a+bill+proposing+a+constitutional+amendment+to+establish+limited+judicial+terms+of+office&rft.title=Judicial+activism%3A+defining+the+problem+and+its+impact%3A+hearings%2C+June+11-29%2C+1997%2C+on+S.J.+Res.+26%2C+a+bill+proposing+a+constitutional+amendment+to+establish+limited+judicial+terms+of+office&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055917-0) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Electronic funds and benefit transfers: hearing, May 22, 1997, on the federal government's plan to provide electronic banking services to the 10 million Americans who currently receive government benefits, but do not have bank accounts T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-515 AN - 59793636; 1998-0812130 AB - Examines costs and challenges for recipients of social security, disability, and other transfer payments who may be forced to receive their payments through the proposed "Electronic Benefit Transfer" program, scheduled to be implemented in 1999. With discussion of potential profits to banks assigned to provide the electronic-only access accounts, which will be required to provide only one free withdrawal per month, and will not have to pay interest on deposited funds. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+55 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+55 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016057143X KW - Retirement income -- United States KW - Social insurance -- United States KW - Transfer payments -- United States KW - United States -- Social security administration KW - United States -- Banking sector KW - United States -- Social policy KW - Money, Transfer of -- United States KW - Electronic funds transfer systems -- Government use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59793636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B55&rft.isbn=016057143X&rft.btitle=Electronic+funds+and+benefit+transfers%3A+hearing%2C+May+22%2C+1997%2C+on+the+federal+government%27s+plan+to+provide+electronic+banking+services+to+the+10+million+Americans+who+currently+receive+government+benefits%2C+but+do+not+have+bank+accounts&rft.title=Electronic+funds+and+benefit+transfers%3A+hearing%2C+May+22%2C+1997%2C+on+the+federal+government%27s+plan+to+provide+electronic+banking+services+to+the+10+million+Americans+who+currently+receive+government+benefits%2C+but+do+not+have+bank+accounts&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-057143-X) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Aviation safety: hearing, March 5, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-271 AN - 59793313; 1998-0313200 AB - On the report of the Gore commission on improving aviation safety, air traffic control modernization, air security, responding to aviation disasters, and the role of the Federal Aviation Administration. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+148 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+148 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160560632 KW - Air transport -- Security measures KW - Air traffic control -- United States KW - Air transport -- Safety measures KW - United States -- Federal aviation administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59793313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B148&rft.isbn=0160560632&rft.btitle=Aviation+safety%3A+hearing%2C+March+5%2C+1997&rft.title=Aviation+safety%3A+hearing%2C+March+5%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056063-2) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Proposing a constitutional amendment authorizing the states and Congress to prohibit the physical desecration of the flag: hearing, June 6, 1995, on S.J. Res. 31 T2 - 104th Cong., 1st sess. Serial no. J-104-26 S. hearing 104-734 AN - 59793017; 1998-0908180 AB - Issues include freedom of expression First Amendment rights and need for constitutional protection. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+103 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+103 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160539846 KW - United States -- Constitution -- First amendment KW - Freedom of speech -- United States KW - United States -- Government and politics KW - United States -- Constitution -- Amendments KW - Flags -- Legal aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59793017?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B103&rft.isbn=0160539846&rft.btitle=Proposing+a+constitutional+amendment+authorizing+the+states+and+Congress+to+prohibit+the+physical+desecration+of+the+flag%3A+hearing%2C+June+6%2C+1995%2C+on+S.J.+Res.+31&rft.title=Proposing+a+constitutional+amendment+authorizing+the+states+and+Congress+to+prohibit+the+physical+desecration+of+the+flag%3A+hearing%2C+June+6%2C+1995%2C+on+S.J.+Res.+31&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-053984-6) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Europe's monetary union and its potential impact on the United States economy: meeting, October 21, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. print 105-38 Com. print AN - 59792209; 1998-0212730 AB - Examines the potential impact of the European Monetary Union on global growth, inflation, trade flows, and financial markets. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. v+60 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - v+60 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160558913 KW - European Union -- Monetary policy KW - Foreign exchange rates KW - International finance KW - Economic stabilization -- European Union KW - Monetary unions -- European Union KW - Economic and monetary union KW - United States -- Economic relations KW - Euro UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59792209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=v%2B60&rft.isbn=0160558913&rft.btitle=Europe%27s+monetary+union+and+its+potential+impact+on+the+United+States+economy%3A+meeting%2C+October+21%2C+1997&rft.title=Europe%27s+monetary+union+and+its+potential+impact+on+the+United+States+economy%3A+meeting%2C+October+21%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055891-3) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Persian Gulf war illnesses: hearing, January 9-April 17, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-45 AN - 59791891; 1998-0907410 AB - Examines possible exposure of US forces to Iraqi chemical weapons at Khamisiyah and other places; Defense Department and Veterans Affairs Department research into unexplained illnesses afflicting veterans of the 1991 conflict. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 PB - Superintendent of Documents KW - United States -- Veterans affairs department KW - Persian gulf conflict, 1991 -- Casualties KW - Veterans -- Medical care KW - Veterans, Disabled -- Health KW - United States -- Armed forces -- Medical and sanitary affairs KW - United States -- Armed forces -- Forces in the Middle East KW - United States -- Defense department KW - Medical research -- United States KW - Medicine, Military -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59791891?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Persian+Gulf+war+illnesses%3A+hearing%2C+January+9-April+17%2C+1997&rft.title=Persian+Gulf+war+illnesses%3A+hearing%2C+January+9-April+17%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs pa N1 - SuppNotes - 3pts N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1997: hearing, February 5, 1997, on S. 104, to amend the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-8 AN - 59791420; 1998-0908720 AB - Proposed legislation allowing the Department of Energy (DOE) to build a temporary storage site in Nevada or another site approved by the president and Congress. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+119 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+119 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160542685 KW - Nevada -- Environmental policy KW - Hazardous waste sites -- United States KW - Radioactive waste disposal -- United States KW - United States -- Environmental policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59791420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B119&rft.isbn=0160542685&rft.btitle=Nuclear+Waste+Policy+Act+of+1997%3A+hearing%2C+February+5%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+104%2C+to+amend+the+Nuclear+Waste+Policy+Act+of+1982&rft.title=Nuclear+Waste+Policy+Act+of+1997%3A+hearing%2C+February+5%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+104%2C+to+amend+the+Nuclear+Waste+Policy+Act+of+1982&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054268-5) pa N1 - Document feature - chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Tobacco settlement: public health or public harm? hearings: pt. 1, September 3, 1997, on examining the scope and depth of the proposed settlement between state attorneys general and tobacco companies to mandate a total reformation and restructuring of how tobacco products are manufactured, marketed and distributed in America, focusing on its long-term impact on children and the public health T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-185 AN - 59787756; 1998-0201200 AB - Examines the settlement, which reforms and restructures the manufacturing, marketing, and distribution of tobacco products; focus on impact on public health, and particularly its impact on children and youth. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+104 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+104 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016055702X KW - Child health -- United States KW - Tobacco industry -- United States KW - Smoking -- United States KW - Cigarette industry -- United States KW - Public health -- United States KW - Youth -- Health KW - United States -- Health policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59787756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B104&rft.isbn=016055702X&rft.btitle=Tobacco+settlement%3A+public+health+or+public+harm%3F+hearings%3A+pt.+1%2C+September+3%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+the+scope+and+depth+of+the+proposed+settlement+between+state+attorneys+general+and+tobacco+companies+to+mandate+a+total+reformation+and+restructuring+of+how+tobacco+products+are+manufactured%2C+marketed+and+distributed+in+America%2C+focusing+on+its+long-term+impact+on+children+and+the+public+health&rft.title=Tobacco+settlement%3A+public+health+or+public+harm%3F+hearings%3A+pt.+1%2C+September+3%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+the+scope+and+depth+of+the+proposed+settlement+between+state+attorneys+general+and+tobacco+companies+to+mandate+a+total+reformation+and+restructuring+of+how+tobacco+products+are+manufactured%2C+marketed+and+distributed+in+America%2C+focusing+on+its+long-term+impact+on+children+and+the+public+health&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055702-X) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Swiss banks and attempts to recover assets belonging to the victims of the Holocaust: hearing, May 15, 1997, on the inquiry into the assets of Holocaust victims deposited in Swiss banks and the issues surrounding the recovery and restoration of gold and other assets looted by Nazi Germany during World war II, and the acts of restitution which must follow T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 106-176 AN - 59786617; 1998-0200580 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+625 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+625 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160557496 KW - World war, 1939-45 -- Reparations KW - World war, 1939-45 -- Claims KW - Banking -- Ethics KW - Estates, Unclaimed KW - World war, 1939-45 -- Jews KW - Jews -- Restitution and indemnification claims KW - Jews -- Europe KW - Banking -- Switzerland UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59786617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B625&rft.isbn=0160557496&rft.btitle=Swiss+banks+and+attempts+to+recover+assets+belonging+to+the+victims+of+the+Holocaust%3A+hearing%2C+May+15%2C+1997%2C+on+the+inquiry+into+the+assets+of+Holocaust+victims+deposited+in+Swiss+banks+and+the+issues+surrounding+the+recovery+and+restoration+of+gold+and+other+assets+looted+by+Nazi+Germany+during+World+war+II%2C+and+the+acts+of+restitution+which+must+follow&rft.title=Swiss+banks+and+attempts+to+recover+assets+belonging+to+the+victims+of+the+Holocaust%3A+hearing%2C+May+15%2C+1997%2C+on+the+inquiry+into+the+assets+of+Holocaust+victims+deposited+in+Swiss+banks+and+the+issues+surrounding+the+recovery+and+restoration+of+gold+and+other+assets+looted+by+Nazi+Germany+during+World+war+II%2C+and+the+acts+of+restitution+which+must+follow&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055749-6) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), index(es) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Should America remain a nation of immigrants: hearing, August 11, 1997, on examining both past and present immigration policies in America T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. Serial no. J-105-41 S. hearing 105-248 AN - 59785447; 1998-0212700 AB - Examines the contribution of immigrants to strengthening of the economy, to revitalizing neighborhoods, and to enriching the culture; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+48 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+48 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160558921 KW - United States -- Immigration policy KW - Immigrants -- United States KW - Immigration and emigration -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59785447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B48&rft.isbn=0160558921&rft.btitle=Should+America+remain+a+nation+of+immigrants%3A+hearing%2C+August+11%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+both+past+and+present+immigration+policies+in+America&rft.title=Should+America+remain+a+nation+of+immigrants%3A+hearing%2C+August+11%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+both+past+and+present+immigration+policies+in+America&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055892-1) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Oklahoma City National Memorial Act of 1997: hearing, July 3, 1997, on S. 871, a bill to establish the Oklahoma City National Memorial as a unit of the National Park System, and to designate the Oklahoma Memorial Trust T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-208 AN - 59785187; 1998-0908130 AB - Monument commemorating the Apr. 19, 1995 terrorist bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+30 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+30 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160557259 KW - Memorials -- United States -- Oklahoma KW - Oklahoma City, Oklahoma KW - Bombings (political) -- United States -- Oklahoma KW - Parks, National -- United States -- Oklahoma KW - Terrorism -- United States -- Oklahoma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59785187?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B30&rft.isbn=0160557259&rft.btitle=Oklahoma+City+National+Memorial+Act+of+1997%3A+hearing%2C+July+3%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+871%2C+a+bill+to+establish+the+Oklahoma+City+National+Memorial+as+a+unit+of+the+National+Park+System%2C+and+to+designate+the+Oklahoma+Memorial+Trust&rft.title=Oklahoma+City+National+Memorial+Act+of+1997%3A+hearing%2C+July+3%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+871%2C+a+bill+to+establish+the+Oklahoma+City+National+Memorial+as+a+unit+of+the+National+Park+System%2C+and+to+designate+the+Oklahoma+Memorial+Trust&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055725-9) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - U.S. implementation of prison labor agreements with China: hearing, May 21, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-253 AN - 59785004; 1998-0310260 AB - Status of bilateral agreements, particularly a 1992 Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) and the 1994 agreement called the Statement of Cooperation (SOC). JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+157 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+157 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160559065 KW - Export-import trade -- Regulation KW - China (People's Republic) -- Commerce -- United States KW - Convict labor -- China (People's Republic) KW - Labor, Compulsory -- China (People's Republic) KW - United States -- Commercial policy KW - Favored nation clause KW - United States -- Commerce -- China (People's Republic) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59785004?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B157&rft.isbn=0160559065&rft.btitle=U.S.+implementation+of+prison+labor+agreements+with+China%3A+hearing%2C+May+21%2C+1997&rft.title=U.S.+implementation+of+prison+labor+agreements+with+China%3A+hearing%2C+May+21%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055906-5) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Clean Air Act: ozone and particulate matter standards: hearings, February 5-March 3, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-50, pt. 1 AN - 59784481; 1998-0112370 AB - Testimony on scientific basis for more restrictive air quality standards proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency; does not consider social or economic impacts; US. Describes national ambiant air quality standards for ozone and particulate matter as developed by the EPA Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee; with testimony from committee members and others. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. vi+507 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - vi+507 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160556384 KW - Air pollution -- Regulation KW - Atmospheric ozone -- Regulation KW - United States -- Environmental policy KW - United States -- Environmental protection agency UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59784481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=vi%2B507&rft.isbn=0160556384&rft.btitle=Clean+Air+Act%3A+ozone+and+particulate+matter+standards%3A+hearings%2C+February+5-March+3%2C+1997&rft.title=Clean+Air+Act%3A+ozone+and+particulate+matter+standards%3A+hearings%2C+February+5-March+3%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055638-4) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Proliferation of child pornography on the Internet: special hearing [April 8, 1997] T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-214 AN - 59784279; 1998-0112240 AB - How to protect children from sexual predators on the Internet; regulation, public education, censorship and other proposals; with testimony from the Federal Bureau of Investigation on law enforcement initiatives; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+45 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+45 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016055747X KW - Pornography -- Regulation KW - Crime prevention -- United States KW - Children -- Crimes against KW - Freedom of speech -- United States KW - United States -- Federal bureau of investigation KW - Sex oriented businesses -- Regulation KW - Internet -- Regulation KW - United States -- Law enforcement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59784279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B45&rft.isbn=016055747X&rft.btitle=Proliferation+of+child+pornography+on+the+Internet%3A+special+hearing&rft.title=Proliferation+of+child+pornography+on+the+Internet%3A+special+hearing&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055747-X) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Encryption, key recovery, and privacy protection in the information age: hearing, July 9, 1997, on S. 376, a bill to affirm the rights of Americans to use and sell encryption products, to establish privacy standards for voluntary key recovery encryption systems, and for other purposes; S. 909, a bill to encourage and facilitate the creation of secure public networks for communication, commerce, education, medicine, and government T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-263 Serial no. J-105-31 AN - 59783702; 1998-0301700 AB - Issues in regulating encryption products, including protection of personal privacy, legitimate concerns of the law enforcement community, impacts on e-commerce and economic development, and other topics. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+130 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+130 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160559189 KW - Electronic commerce -- Regulation KW - Privacy -- United States -- Legislation KW - Freedom of information -- United States KW - United States -- Information policy KW - Freedom of speech -- United States KW - Computer networks -- Security measures KW - Internet -- Security measures KW - Data transmission systems -- Security measures KW - United States -- Law enforcement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59783702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B130&rft.isbn=0160559189&rft.btitle=Encryption%2C+key+recovery%2C+and+privacy+protection+in+the+information+age%3A+hearing%2C+July+9%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+376%2C+a+bill+to+affirm+the+rights+of+Americans+to+use+and+sell+encryption+products%2C+to+establish+privacy+standards+for+voluntary+key+recovery+encryption+systems%2C+and+for+other+purposes%3B+S.+909%2C+a+bill+to+encourage+and+facilitate+the+creation+of+secure+public+networks+for+communication%2C+commerce%2C+education%2C+medicine%2C+and+government&rft.title=Encryption%2C+key+recovery%2C+and+privacy+protection+in+the+information+age%3A+hearing%2C+July+9%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+376%2C+a+bill+to+affirm+the+rights+of+Americans+to+use+and+sell+encryption+products%2C+to+establish+privacy+standards+for+voluntary+key+recovery+encryption+systems%2C+and+for+other+purposes%3B+S.+909%2C+a+bill+to+encourage+and+facilitate+the+creation+of+secure+public+networks+for+communication%2C+commerce%2C+education%2C+medicine%2C+and+government&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055918-9) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Clean Air Act: ozone and particulate matter standards: hearings, April 24-July 24, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-50, pt. 2 AN - 59783238; 1998-0508570 AB - Discusses issues related to accuracy of risk assessments, adequacy of government agency disclosure of scientific information and challenges and costs of implementing proposed new air pollution standards; US. Some focus on rule-making processes of the Environmental Protection Agency. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. v+730 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - v+730 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160559898 KW - Delegated legislation -- United States KW - Executive-legislative relations -- United States KW - Government regulation of business -- United States KW - Atmospheric ozone -- Regulation KW - Legislative procedure -- United States KW - United States -- Environmental policy KW - United States -- Environmental protection agency KW - Air pollution -- United States -- Legislation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59783238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=v%2B730&rft.isbn=0160559898&rft.btitle=Clean+Air+Act%3A+ozone+and+particulate+matter+standards%3A+hearings%2C+April+24-July+24%2C+1997&rft.title=Clean+Air+Act%3A+ozone+and+particulate+matter+standards%3A+hearings%2C+April+24-July+24%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055989-8) pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), table(s), chart(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Pharmaceutical patent issues: interpreting GATT: hearings, February 27 and March 5, 1996, on examining the interrelationship between the intellectual property provisions of the GATT Treaty implementing law and food and drug law and its impact on the creation of new breakthrough drugs and production of lower generic copies, and S. 1277, a bill to provide equitable relief for the generic drug industry, and for other purposes T2 - 104th Cong., 2d sess. Serial no. J-104-65 AN - 59782165; 1998-0112350 AB - Examines proposed implementing provisions for the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade which might weaken US intellectual property protections; potential impacts on pharmaceutical research and the drug industry; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. vi+291 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - vi+291 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160557097 KW - Property, Intellectual -- Economic aspects KW - Pharmaceutical industry -- Economic aspects KW - United States -- Commerce KW - General agreement on tariffs and trade UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59782165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=vi%2B291&rft.isbn=0160557097&rft.btitle=Pharmaceutical+patent+issues%3A+interpreting+GATT%3A+hearings%2C+February+27+and+March+5%2C+1996%2C+on+examining+the+interrelationship+between+the+intellectual+property+provisions+of+the+GATT+Treaty+implementing+law+and+food+and+drug+law+and+its+impact+on+the+creation+of+new+breakthrough+drugs+and+production+of+lower+generic+copies%2C+and+S.+1277%2C+a+bill+to+provide+equitable+relief+for+the+generic+drug+industry%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.title=Pharmaceutical+patent+issues%3A+interpreting+GATT%3A+hearings%2C+February+27+and+March+5%2C+1996%2C+on+examining+the+interrelationship+between+the+intellectual+property+provisions+of+the+GATT+Treaty+implementing+law+and+food+and+drug+law+and+its+impact+on+the+creation+of+new+breakthrough+drugs+and+production+of+lower+generic+copies%2C+and+S.+1277%2C+a+bill+to+provide+equitable+relief+for+the+generic+drug+industry%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055709-7) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The U.S. Market Security Act of 1997, S. 1315: hearing, November 5, 1997, to establish an Office of National Security within the Securities and Exchange Commission, provide for the monitoring of the extent of foreign involvement in United States securities markets, financial institutions, and pension funds, and for other purposes T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-430 AN - 59781704; 1998-0603550 AB - Special reference to greater presence of China and related companies in US securities markets. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+70 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+70 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016056445X KW - Securities, Foreign -- United States KW - Securities -- United States -- Legislation KW - United States -- Securities and exchange commission KW - Securities fraud -- Legal aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59781704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B70&rft.isbn=016056445X&rft.btitle=The+U.S.+Market+Security+Act+of+1997%2C+S.+1315%3A+hearing%2C+November+5%2C+1997%2C+to+establish+an+Office+of+National+Security+within+the+Securities+and+Exchange+Commission%2C+provide+for+the+monitoring+of+the+extent+of+foreign+involvement+in+United+States+securities+markets%2C+financial+institutions%2C+and+pension+funds%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.title=The+U.S.+Market+Security+Act+of+1997%2C+S.+1315%3A+hearing%2C+November+5%2C+1997%2C+to+establish+an+Office+of+National+Security+within+the+Securities+and+Exchange+Commission%2C+provide+for+the+monitoring+of+the+extent+of+foreign+involvement+in+United+States+securities+markets%2C+financial+institutions%2C+and+pension+funds%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056445-X) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Social Security and future retirees: hearing, March 11, 1996 T2 - 104th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 104-883 AN - 59781123; 1998-0602550 AB - Discusses prospects for retirement benefits, and how the Social Security Administration plans to handle projected problems resulting from demographic shifts; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+77 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+77 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016056297X KW - Retirement income -- United States KW - Old age pensions -- United States KW - Social insurance -- United States KW - United States -- Social security administration KW - Social and economic security -- United States KW - United States -- Social policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59781123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B77&rft.isbn=016056297X&rft.btitle=Social+Security+and+future+retirees%3A+hearing%2C+March+11%2C+1996&rft.title=Social+Security+and+future+retirees%3A+hearing%2C+March+11%2C+1996&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056297-X) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Fraud in the micro-capital markets, including penny stock fraud: hearing, September 22, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-266 AN - 59780794; 1998-0313240 AB - Examines the investigation of security scams, through unscrupulous brokerage firms operating through intermediaries, aimed at small investors, and emerging issues in the micro-capital market segment, including small companies with relatively low market values, and penny stocks; since 1993, chiefly; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+555 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+555 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160559278 KW - United States -- Finance KW - Securities marketing -- United States KW - Small business investment companies -- United States KW - Fraud -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59780794?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B555&rft.isbn=0160559278&rft.btitle=Fraud+in+the+micro-capital+markets%2C+including+penny+stock+fraud%3A+hearing%2C+September+22%2C+1997&rft.title=Fraud+in+the+micro-capital+markets%2C+including+penny+stock+fraud%3A+hearing%2C+September+22%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055927-8) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Sudan and terrorism: hearing, May 15, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-223 AN - 59780621; 1998-0313270 AB - On the role of Sudan in harboring terrorist organizations and in supporting terrorist activities in the US and other countries, and on proposed legislation prohibiting financial transactions between the US and the Sudan, other than those connected to diplomatic activities. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+92 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+92 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160557712 KW - United States -- Foreign relations -- Sudan KW - Sudan -- Foreign relations -- United States KW - Terrorism -- International aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59780621?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B92&rft.isbn=0160557712&rft.btitle=Sudan+and+terrorism%3A+hearing%2C+May+15%2C+1997&rft.title=Sudan+and+terrorism%3A+hearing%2C+May+15%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055771-2) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The Internet Gambling Act of 1997: hearing, July 28, 1997, on S. 474, a bill to amend Sections 1081 and 1084 of Title 18, United States Code T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. Serial no. J-105-37 AN - 59780130; 1997-1205500 AB - To prohibit any form of betting on the Internet; with many examples of lotteries, virtual casinos, and other established electronic gambling facilities. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+49 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+49 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160556600 KW - Gambling -- Regulation KW - Intergovernmental relations -- United States KW - Casinos -- Regulation KW - Internet gambling -- Regulation KW - Lotteries -- Regulation KW - Gambling -- International aspects KW - Gambling -- United States -- Legislation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59780130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B49&rft.isbn=0160556600&rft.btitle=The+Internet+Gambling+Act+of+1997%3A+hearing%2C+July+28%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+474%2C+a+bill+to+amend+Sections+1081+and+1084+of+Title+18%2C+United+States+Code&rft.title=The+Internet+Gambling+Act+of+1997%3A+hearing%2C+July+28%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+474%2C+a+bill+to+amend+Sections+1081+and+1084+of+Title+18%2C+United+States+Code&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055660-0) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Ethics and theology: a continuation of the national discussion on human cloning: hearing, June 17, 1997, on examining the ethical and theological implications of human cloning T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-123 AN - 59780039; 1997-1111490 AB - Focuses on cloning of a human individual by somatic cell nuclear transfer; theological and philosophical perspectives. Includes the report and recommendations of the National Bioethics Advisory Commission, June 1997. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+69 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+69 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160554756 KW - Bioethics -- United States KW - United States -- Science policy KW - Cloning -- Moral and religious aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59780039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B69&rft.isbn=0160554756&rft.btitle=Ethics+and+theology%3A+a+continuation+of+the+national+discussion+on+human+cloning%3A+hearing%2C+June+17%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+the+ethical+and+theological+implications+of+human+cloning&rft.title=Ethics+and+theology%3A+a+continuation+of+the+national+discussion+on+human+cloning%3A+hearing%2C+June+17%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+the+ethical+and+theological+implications+of+human+cloning&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055475-6) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Women's health: providing the right information at the right time: hearing, July 22, 1997, on examining how information relating to women's health care is communicated to women and their providers, and on proposed legislation to provide patient protections through improved access to quality health plans and continued research in women's health issues T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-128 AN - 59780010; 1997-1107170 AB - Examines how information is communicated to women and their providers; discusses proposed legislation to provide patient protections through improved access to quality health plans, and continued research; focuses on prevention of heart disease, stroke, and breast cancer, and reproductive and sexual health; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+71 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+71 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160554616 KW - United States -- Medical sector KW - Women -- Health KW - Women -- Medical care KW - Breast cancer -- Prevention KW - Heart disease -- Prevention KW - Health insurance -- United States -- Legislation KW - Human reproduction -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59780010?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B71&rft.isbn=0160554616&rft.btitle=Women%27s+health%3A+providing+the+right+information+at+the+right+time%3A+hearing%2C+July+22%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+how+information+relating+to+women%27s+health+care+is+communicated+to+women+and+their+providers%2C+and+on+proposed+legislation+to+provide+patient+protections+through+improved+access+to+quality+health+plans+and+continued+research+in+women%27s+health+issues&rft.title=Women%27s+health%3A+providing+the+right+information+at+the+right+time%3A+hearing%2C+July+22%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+how+information+relating+to+women%27s+health+care+is+communicated+to+women+and+their+providers%2C+and+on+proposed+legislation+to+provide+patient+protections+through+improved+access+to+quality+health+plans+and+continued+research+in+women%27s+health+issues&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055461-6) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Swiss banks and the shredding of Holocaust era documents: hearing, May 6, 1997, on the recent events which relate to the inquiry into the assets of Holocaust victims deposited in Swiss banks including the circumstances surrounding the shredding of bank records believed to pertain to business dealings during the Nazi rule in Germany T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-152 AN - 59779912; 1997-1106990 AB - Focuses on the inquiry into the assets of victims, including records pertaining to business dealings. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+29 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+29 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160555604 KW - World war, 1939-45 -- Claims KW - Banking -- Ethics KW - Switzerland -- Banking sector KW - Bank secrecy -- Switzerland KW - World war, 1939-45 -- Jews KW - Jews -- Restitution and indemnification claims KW - Estates, Unclaimed -- Switzerland UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59779912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B29&rft.isbn=0160555604&rft.btitle=Swiss+banks+and+the+shredding+of+Holocaust+era+documents%3A+hearing%2C+May+6%2C+1997%2C+on+the+recent+events+which+relate+to+the+inquiry+into+the+assets+of+Holocaust+victims+deposited+in+Swiss+banks+including+the+circumstances+surrounding+the+shredding+of+bank+records+believed+to+pertain+to+business+dealings+during+the+Nazi+rule+in+Germany&rft.title=Swiss+banks+and+the+shredding+of+Holocaust+era+documents%3A+hearing%2C+May+6%2C+1997%2C+on+the+recent+events+which+relate+to+the+inquiry+into+the+assets+of+Holocaust+victims+deposited+in+Swiss+banks+including+the+circumstances+surrounding+the+shredding+of+bank+records+believed+to+pertain+to+business+dealings+during+the+Nazi+rule+in+Germany&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055560-4) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Improving the quality of child care: hearing, July 17, 1997, on examining proposals to improve the quality of child care in the United States, including the proposed Creating Improved Delivery of Child Care: Affordable, Reliable, and Educational Act of 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-111 AN - 59778591; 1997-1107070 AB - Examines proposals, including the CIDCARE Act; includes research and specific cases of abuse. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+99 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+99 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160554519 KW - Child welfare -- United States -- Legislation KW - Children -- Crimes against KW - Child care -- Regulation KW - Child care -- United States -- Legislation KW - United States -- Social policy KW - Child abuse -- Prevention UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59778591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B99&rft.isbn=0160554519&rft.btitle=Improving+the+quality+of+child+care%3A+hearing%2C+July+17%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+proposals+to+improve+the+quality+of+child+care+in+the+United+States%2C+including+the+proposed+Creating+Improved+Delivery+of+Child+Care%3A+Affordable%2C+Reliable%2C+and+Educational+Act+of+1997&rft.title=Improving+the+quality+of+child+care%3A+hearing%2C+July+17%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+proposals+to+improve+the+quality+of+child+care+in+the+United+States%2C+including+the+proposed+Creating+Improved+Delivery+of+Child+Care%3A+Affordable%2C+Reliable%2C+and+Educational+Act+of+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055451-9) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The Parental Rights and Responsibilities Act: hearing, December 5, 1995, on S. 984, a bill to protect the fundamental right of a parent to direct the upbringing of a child, and for other purposes T2 - 104th Cong., 1st sess. Serial no. J-104-59 S. hearing 104-850 AN - 59778531; 1998-0303730 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+181 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+181 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160549981 KW - Parent and child (law) -- United States KW - Parents -- Legal status, laws, etc. KW - United States -- Social policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59778531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B181&rft.isbn=0160549981&rft.btitle=The+Parental+Rights+and+Responsibilities+Act%3A+hearing%2C+December+5%2C+1995%2C+on+S.+984%2C+a+bill+to+protect+the+fundamental+right+of+a+parent+to+direct+the+upbringing+of+a+child%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.title=The+Parental+Rights+and+Responsibilities+Act%3A+hearing%2C+December+5%2C+1995%2C+on+S.+984%2C+a+bill+to+protect+the+fundamental+right+of+a+parent+to+direct+the+upbringing+of+a+child%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054998-1) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Trademark counterfeiting: hearing, October 10, 1995, on S. 1136, a bill to control and prevent commercial counterfeiting, and for other purposes T2 - 104th Cong., 1st sess. Serial no. J-104-49 S. hearing 104-830 AN - 59777505; 1998-0206660 AB - Proposed legislation to deter production and marketing of illegal copies of trademarked products or popular brands ("knockoffs"); Anticounterfeiting Consumer Protection Act of 1995; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+71 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+71 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160543924 KW - Property, Intellectual -- United States -- Legislation KW - Trade marks and names -- United States -- Legislation KW - United States -- Industrial policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59777505?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B71&rft.isbn=0160543924&rft.btitle=Trademark+counterfeiting%3A+hearing%2C+October+10%2C+1995%2C+on+S.+1136%2C+a+bill+to+control+and+prevent+commercial+counterfeiting%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.title=Trademark+counterfeiting%3A+hearing%2C+October+10%2C+1995%2C+on+S.+1136%2C+a+bill+to+control+and+prevent+commercial+counterfeiting%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054392-4) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), diag(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Public Housing Reform and Responsibility Act of 1997--S. 462: hearing, April 9, 1997, to reform and consolidate the public and assisted housing programs of the United States, and to redirect primary responsibility for these programs from the federal government to states and localities, and for other purposes T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-419 AN - 59776661; 1998-0604480 AB - Contains provisions to help ensure the accountability of housing authorities; focuses on Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD) resources on the troubled housing authorities and developments. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. v+571 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - v+571 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160564131 KW - Federal and local government relations -- Legal aspects KW - Housing projects, Government -- Administration KW - Housing projects, Government -- Citizen participation KW - Housing projects, Government -- Legal aspects KW - United States -- Housing policy -- Legislation KW - Federal and state relations -- Legal aspects KW - Housing projects, Government -- Regulation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59776661?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=v%2B571&rft.isbn=0160564131&rft.btitle=Public+Housing+Reform+and+Responsibility+Act+of+1997--S.+462%3A+hearing%2C+April+9%2C+1997%2C+to+reform+and+consolidate+the+public+and+assisted+housing+programs+of+the+United+States%2C+and+to+redirect+primary+responsibility+for+these+programs+from+the+federal+government+to+states+and+localities%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.title=Public+Housing+Reform+and+Responsibility+Act+of+1997--S.+462%3A+hearing%2C+April+9%2C+1997%2C+to+reform+and+consolidate+the+public+and+assisted+housing+programs+of+the+United+States%2C+and+to+redirect+primary+responsibility+for+these+programs+from+the+federal+government+to+states+and+localities%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056413-1) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The Securities Litigation Uniform Standards Act of 1997--S. 1260: hearing, October 29, 1997, to amend the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to limit the conduct of securities class actions under state law, and for other purposes T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-420 AN - 59775487; 1998-0909020 AB - Proposed legislation requiring that lawsuits involving stock traded nationally be filed in federal court. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+114 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+114 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160564786 KW - United States -- Finance -- Regulation KW - Federal and state relations -- United States KW - Actions and defenses -- United States KW - Securities marketing -- United States KW - Jurisdiction -- United States KW - United States -- Jurisprudence KW - Class actions -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59775487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B114&rft.isbn=0160564786&rft.btitle=The+Securities+Litigation+Uniform+Standards+Act+of+1997--S.+1260%3A+hearing%2C+October+29%2C+1997%2C+to+amend+the+Securities+Act+of+1933+and+the+Securities+Exchange+Act+of+1934+to+limit+the+conduct+of+securities+class+actions+under+state+law%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.title=The+Securities+Litigation+Uniform+Standards+Act+of+1997--S.+1260%3A+hearing%2C+October+29%2C+1997%2C+to+amend+the+Securities+Act+of+1933+and+the+Securities+Exchange+Act+of+1934+to+limit+the+conduct+of+securities+class+actions+under+state+law%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056478-6) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - China most-favored-nation (MFN) status: hearing, June 6, 1996 T2 - 104th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 104-871 AN - 59774561; 1997-1209820 AB - Examines economic and political issues in extending China's MFN trading status. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+128 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+128 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160552664 KW - China (People's Republic) -- Commerce -- United States KW - United States -- Commercial policy KW - United States -- Commerce -- China (People's Republic) KW - Favored nation clause UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59774561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B128&rft.isbn=0160552664&rft.btitle=China+most-favored-nation+%28MFN%29+status%3A+hearing%2C+June+6%2C+1996&rft.title=China+most-favored-nation+%28MFN%29+status%3A+hearing%2C+June+6%2C+1996&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055266-4) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The Olympics and the threat of terrorism: hearing, June 11, 1996, on examining the threat terrorism poses to the Olympics and steps taken by federal law enforcement and military officials to maximize security at the upcoming Olympic games T2 - 1045h Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 104-843 Serial no J-104-85 AN - 59774442; 1997-1209640 AB - Examines security planning for the 1996 Atlanta Olympic games. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+26 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+26 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160549752 KW - Olympic games -- United States -- Georgia KW - Olympic games -- Security measures KW - Terrorism -- United States KW - Atlanta, Georgia -- Law enforcement KW - Civil-military relations -- United States KW - United States -- Law enforcement KW - Counterterrorism -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59774442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B26&rft.isbn=0160549752&rft.btitle=The+Olympics+and+the+threat+of+terrorism%3A+hearing%2C+June+11%2C+1996%2C+on+examining+the+threat+terrorism+poses+to+the+Olympics+and+steps+taken+by+federal+law+enforcement+and+military+officials+to+maximize+security+at+the+upcoming+Olympic+games&rft.title=The+Olympics+and+the+threat+of+terrorism%3A+hearing%2C+June+11%2C+1996%2C+on+examining+the+threat+terrorism+poses+to+the+Olympics+and+steps+taken+by+federal+law+enforcement+and+military+officials+to+maximize+security+at+the+upcoming+Olympic+games&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054975-2) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Mandatory victim restitution: hearing, November 8, 1995, on S. 173, a bill to provide for restitution of victims of crimes, and for other purposes T2 - 104th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 104-805 Serial no. J-104-55 AN - 59774176; 1998-0208870 AB - Considers bills that would force criminals to take responsibility for consequences of their actions; implications the bills would have for the courts, prosecutors, defendants, and victims. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+44 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+44 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160543088 KW - Victims of crime -- United States KW - Defense (criminal procedure) -- United States KW - Criminal justice -- United States KW - United States -- Law enforcement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59774176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B44&rft.isbn=0160543088&rft.btitle=Mandatory+victim+restitution%3A+hearing%2C+November+8%2C+1995%2C+on+S.+173%2C+a+bill+to+provide+for+restitution+of+victims+of+crimes%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.title=Mandatory+victim+restitution%3A+hearing%2C+November+8%2C+1995%2C+on+S.+173%2C+a+bill+to+provide+for+restitution+of+victims+of+crimes%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054308-8) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - A review of the global tobacco settlement: hearing, June 16, 1997, on receiving a briefing on the terms and parameters of the proposed global tobacco settlement which will mandate a total reformation and restructuring of how tobacco products are manufactured, marketed, and distributed in America, focusing on its long-term impact on children and the public health, and its legal and constitutional ramifications T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-249 Serial no. J-105-28 AN - 59773682; 1998-0211070 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. vi+429 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - vi+429 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160559006 KW - Actions and defenses -- United States KW - Cigarette industry -- United States KW - Public health -- United States KW - Tobacco industry -- Liability KW - United States -- Jurisprudence KW - Constitutional law -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59773682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=vi%2B429&rft.isbn=0160559006&rft.btitle=A+review+of+the+global+tobacco+settlement%3A+hearing%2C+June+16%2C+1997%2C+on+receiving+a+briefing+on+the+terms+and+parameters+of+the+proposed+global+tobacco+settlement+which+will+mandate+a+total+reformation+and+restructuring+of+how+tobacco+products+are+manufactured%2C+marketed%2C+and+distributed+in+America%2C+focusing+on+its+long-term+impact+on+children+and+the+public+health%2C+and+its+legal+and+constitutional+ramifications&rft.title=A+review+of+the+global+tobacco+settlement%3A+hearing%2C+June+16%2C+1997%2C+on+receiving+a+briefing+on+the+terms+and+parameters+of+the+proposed+global+tobacco+settlement+which+will+mandate+a+total+reformation+and+restructuring+of+how+tobacco+products+are+manufactured%2C+marketed%2C+and+distributed+in+America%2C+focusing+on+its+long-term+impact+on+children+and+the+public+health%2C+and+its+legal+and+constitutional+ramifications&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055900-6) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Meeting the challenges of a post-cold war world: NATO enlargement and U.S.-Russia relations: report, May 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. Print 105-26 AN - 59773101; 1997-1210110 AB - Implications for US policy of inviting certain Central and Eastern European countries to become NATO members, and related defense and security issues. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. vii+59 pp. AU - Biden, Joseph R, Jr Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - vii+59 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160550041 KW - Europe -- Defenses KW - North Atlantic treaty organization -- Membership KW - Eastern Europe -- Foreign relations KW - Central Europe -- Foreign relations KW - United States -- Foreign relations -- Russia (Federative Republic) KW - Russia (Federative Republic) -- Foreign relations -- United States KW - Regional security -- Europe UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59773101?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Biden%2C+Joseph+R%2C+Jr&rft.aulast=Biden&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=vii%2B59&rft.isbn=0160550041&rft.btitle=Meeting+the+challenges+of+a+post-cold+war+world%3A+NATO+enlargement+and+U.S.-Russia+relations%3A+report%2C+May+1997&rft.title=Meeting+the+challenges+of+a+post-cold+war+world%3A+NATO+enlargement+and+U.S.-Russia+relations%3A+report%2C+May+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055004-1) pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - National Information Infrastructure Copyright Protection Act of 1995: hearing, May 7, 1996, on S. 1284, a bill to amend Title 17 to adapt the copyright law to the digital, networked environment of the national information infrastructure, and for other purposes T2 - 104th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 104-849 Serial no. J-104-78 AN - 59772826; 1998-0108630 AB - Protecting intellectual property rights on the Internet; unauthorized copying, digital piracy, fair use, and other issues. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+128 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+128 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016054999X KW - Internet -- Legal aspects KW - Copyright -- United States KW - Information processing systems -- Legal aspects KW - Information services -- Legal aspects KW - United States -- Communications sector KW - Property, Intellectual -- United States KW - Information sources -- Legal aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59772826?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B128&rft.isbn=016054999X&rft.btitle=National+Information+Infrastructure+Copyright+Protection+Act+of+1995%3A+hearing%2C+May+7%2C+1996%2C+on+S.+1284%2C+a+bill+to+amend+Title+17+to+adapt+the+copyright+law+to+the+digital%2C+networked+environment+of+the+national+information+infrastructure%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.title=National+Information+Infrastructure+Copyright+Protection+Act+of+1995%3A+hearing%2C+May+7%2C+1996%2C+on+S.+1284%2C+a+bill+to+amend+Title+17+to+adapt+the+copyright+law+to+the+digital%2C+networked+environment+of+the+national+information+infrastructure%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054999-X) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Religious liberty: hearings, September 12-October 25, 1995, on examining the status of religious liberty in the United States and whether there is a need for further legal protection T2 - 104th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 104-758 Serial no. J-104-43 AN - 59772546; 1998-0206140 AB - Focuses on cases in which persons believe their religious liberties have been violated in public school, university, and other public settings; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. v+216 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - v+216 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160540763 KW - Religion and law -- United States KW - Church and state -- United States KW - Religious liberty -- United States KW - Religion and the public schools -- United States KW - United States -- Jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59772546?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=v%2B216&rft.isbn=0160540763&rft.btitle=Religious+liberty%3A+hearings%2C+September+12-October+25%2C+1995%2C+on+examining+the+status+of+religious+liberty+in+the+United+States+and+whether+there+is+a+need+for+further+legal+protection&rft.title=Religious+liberty%3A+hearings%2C+September+12-October+25%2C+1995%2C+on+examining+the+status+of+religious+liberty+in+the+United+States+and+whether+there+is+a+need+for+further+legal+protection&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054076-3) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The future of nuclear deterrence: hearing, February 12, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-159 AN - 59772442; 1997-1209860 AB - Examines role of atomic weapons in US national strategy and defense; views of the Clinton administration and military experts. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+65 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+65 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160555833 KW - Military strategy -- United States KW - Atomic weapons -- United States KW - United States -- Defenses KW - United States -- Military policy KW - Deterrence (strategy) -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59772442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B65&rft.isbn=0160555833&rft.btitle=The+future+of+nuclear+deterrence%3A+hearing%2C+February+12%2C+1997&rft.title=The+future+of+nuclear+deterrence%3A+hearing%2C+February+12%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055583-3) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Major league baseball antitrust reform: hearing, June 17, 1997, on S. 53, a bill to require the general application of the antitrust laws to major league baseball, and for other purposes T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-102 Serial no. J-105-25 AN - 59772315; 1997-1209680 AB - The so-called Curt Flood Act of 1997, repealing baseball's antitrust exemption. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+36 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+36 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160554063 KW - United States -- Business enterprises -- Regulation KW - Baseball -- United States KW - Trusts, Industrial -- United States -- Legislation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59772315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B36&rft.isbn=0160554063&rft.btitle=Major+league+baseball+antitrust+reform%3A+hearing%2C+June+17%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+53%2C+a+bill+to+require+the+general+application+of+the+antitrust+laws+to+major+league+baseball%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.title=Major+league+baseball+antitrust+reform%3A+hearing%2C+June+17%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+53%2C+a+bill+to+require+the+general+application+of+the+antitrust+laws+to+major+league+baseball%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055406-3) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The situation of Tibet and its people: hearing, May 13, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-124 AN - 59772281; 1997-1209570 AB - Examines Chinese occupation policies; suppression of Buddhist religion, including the anti-Dalai Lama campaign, human rights violations, political persecution, and dilution of Tibetan population by Chinese migration; US policy options. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+82 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+82 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160554683 KW - Migration -- China (People's Republic) KW - Dalai Lama, XIV, 1935 KW - Communism and Buddhism KW - Tibet -- Chinese occupation, 1950- KW - Human rights -- Tibet KW - China (People's Republic) -- Government and politics KW - Buddhism and state -- Tibet UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59772281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B82&rft.isbn=0160554683&rft.btitle=The+situation+of+Tibet+and+its+people%3A+hearing%2C+May+13%2C+1997&rft.title=The+situation+of+Tibet+and+its+people%3A+hearing%2C+May+13%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055468-3) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Superfund Cleanup Acceleration Act: hearing, March 5, 1997, on S. 8, a bill to reauthorize and amend the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Liability, and Compensation Act of 1980, and for other purposes T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-60 AN - 59772159; 1998-0206710 AB - Reforms to expedite toxic waste site remediation using federal Superfund money; polluter liability, municipal planning, administration, site reuse, and other topics; US. With attention to legislating administrative changes already made by the Environmental Protection Agency. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+591 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+591 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160552397 KW - Pollution -- United States -- Legislation KW - Pollution -- Liability KW - Hazardous waste sites -- United States -- Legislation KW - Hazardous wastes -- Liability KW - United States -- Environmental policy -- Legislation KW - Pollution control in industry -- United States -- Legislation KW - United States -- Environmental protection agency UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59772159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B591&rft.isbn=0160552397&rft.btitle=Superfund+Cleanup+Acceleration+Act%3A+hearing%2C+March+5%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+8%2C+a+bill+to+reauthorize+and+amend+the+Comprehensive+Environmental+Response%2C+Liability%2C+and+Compensation+Act+of+1980%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.title=Superfund+Cleanup+Acceleration+Act%3A+hearing%2C+March+5%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+8%2C+a+bill+to+reauthorize+and+amend+the+Comprehensive+Environmental+Response%2C+Liability%2C+and+Compensation+Act+of+1980%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055239-7) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Human rights abuses in China: United States visa policy and other possible responses: hearing, June 18, 1997, on S. 810, a bill to impose certain sanctions on the People's Republic of China, and for other purposes T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-125 Serial no. J-105-26 AN - 59771687; 1997-1209800 AB - Examines situation in China regarding political dissent, religious persecution, and family planning, and potential changes in US immigration policy in response. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+34 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+34 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160554632 KW - United States -- Immigration policy KW - Human rights -- China (People's Republic) KW - United States -- Foreign relations -- China (People's Republic) KW - Visas -- United States KW - China (People's Republic) -- Foreign relations -- United States KW - Immigration and emigration -- Regulation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59771687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B34&rft.isbn=0160554632&rft.btitle=Human+rights+abuses+in+China%3A+United+States+visa+policy+and+other+possible+responses%3A+hearing%2C+June+18%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+810%2C+a+bill+to+impose+certain+sanctions+on+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.title=Human+rights+abuses+in+China%3A+United+States+visa+policy+and+other+possible+responses%3A+hearing%2C+June+18%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+810%2C+a+bill+to+impose+certain+sanctions+on+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055463-2) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - U.S. participation in Bosnia: hearing, August 1-October 3, 1996 T2 - 104th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 104-855 AN - 59771459; 1997-1210130 AB - Examines deployment of US armed forces as part of NATO's Implementation Force (IFOR) to implement the Dayton peace accord; costs, impact on military readiness, and regional security issues. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+153 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+153 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160550483 KW - Peacekeeping forces -- Bosnia-Herzegovina KW - Regional security -- Southern Europe KW - United States -- Defenses -- Economic aspects KW - Bosnia-Herzegovina -- Foreign relations -- United States KW - North Atlantic treaty organization -- Armed forces KW - United States -- Armed forces -- Forces in Bosnia-Herzegovina KW - United States -- Foreign relations -- Bosnia-Herzegovina KW - Military readiness -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59771459?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B153&rft.isbn=0160550483&rft.btitle=U.S.+participation+in+Bosnia%3A+hearing%2C+August+1-October+3%2C+1996&rft.title=U.S.+participation+in+Bosnia%3A+hearing%2C+August+1-October+3%2C+1996&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055048-3) pa N1 - Document feature - chart(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Constitutional implications of the Chemical Weapons Convention: hearing, September 10, 1996, on examining the constitutionality of the Convention on the Prohibition of Development, Production, Stockpiling, and Use of Chemical Weapons and their Destruction opened for signature and signed by the United States at Paris on January 13, 1993 (Treaty doc. 103-21) T2 - 104th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 104-859 AN - 59771341; 1997-1209670 AB - Focuses on Fourth Amendment protections against government searches and seizures. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+110 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+110 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016055098X KW - Searches and seizures -- United States KW - Chemical weapons -- Treaties KW - Arms limitation -- Treaties KW - United States -- Constitution -- Fourth amendment KW - United States -- Foreign relations KW - Constitutional law -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59771341?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B110&rft.isbn=016055098X&rft.btitle=Constitutional+implications+of+the+Chemical+Weapons+Convention%3A+hearing%2C+September+10%2C+1996%2C+on+examining+the+constitutionality+of+the+Convention+on+the+Prohibition+of+Development%2C+Production%2C+Stockpiling%2C+and+Use+of+Chemical+Weapons+and+their+Destruction+opened+for+signature+and+signed+by+the+United+States+at+Paris+on+January+13%2C+1993+%28Treaty+doc.+103-21%29&rft.title=Constitutional+implications+of+the+Chemical+Weapons+Convention%3A+hearing%2C+September+10%2C+1996%2C+on+examining+the+constitutionality+of+the+Convention+on+the+Prohibition+of+Development%2C+Production%2C+Stockpiling%2C+and+Use+of+Chemical+Weapons+and+their+Destruction+opened+for+signature+and+signed+by+the+United+States+at+Paris+on+January+13%2C+1993+%28Treaty+doc.+103-21%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055098-X) pa N1 - Document feature - chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Criminal use of guns: hearing, May 8, 1997, on S. 191, a bill to throttle criminal use of guns T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-119 Serial no. J-105-18 AN - 59771307; 1997-1209630 AB - Impact on federal drug and violent crime prosecutions of the 1995 US Supreme Court decision in Bailey v. United States on criminal use of firearms; possible need for corrective legislation. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+61 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+61 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016055442X KW - Violence -- United States KW - Crime and criminals -- United States KW - Firearms -- Regulation KW - Drug traffic -- United States KW - United States -- Supreme court -- Decisions KW - United States -- Law enforcement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59771307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B61&rft.isbn=016055442X&rft.btitle=Criminal+use+of+guns%3A+hearing%2C+May+8%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+191%2C+a+bill+to+throttle+criminal+use+of+guns&rft.title=Criminal+use+of+guns%3A+hearing%2C+May+8%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+191%2C+a+bill+to+throttle+criminal+use+of+guns&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055442-X) pa N1 - Document feature - chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Health care quality: hearing, May 20, 1997, on examining proposed legislation to provide patients quality health care, while maintaining affordability and the consumers right to receive all relevant information regarding their treatment and costs, including S. 449, to prohibit the restriction of certain types of medical communications between a health care provider and a patient, and S. 644, to establish standards for relationships between group health plans and health insurance issuers with enrollees, health professionals, and providers T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-87 AN - 59770948; 1998-0303770 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+95 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+95 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160553350 KW - United States -- Medical sector KW - Managed care -- United States -- Legislation KW - Medical service -- Costs -- Legislation KW - Health insurance -- United States -- Legislation KW - Physician and patient -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59770948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B95&rft.isbn=0160553350&rft.btitle=Health+care+quality%3A+hearing%2C+May+20%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+proposed+legislation+to+provide+patients+quality+health+care%2C+while+maintaining+affordability+and+the+consumers+right+to+receive+all+relevant+information+regarding+their+treatment+and+costs%2C+including+S.+449%2C+to+prohibit+the+restriction+of+certain+types+of+medical+communications+between+a+health+care+provider+and+a+patient%2C+and+S.+644%2C+to+establish+standards+for+relationships+between+group+health+plans+and+health+insurance+issuers+with+enrollees%2C+health+professionals%2C+and+providers&rft.title=Health+care+quality%3A+hearing%2C+May+20%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+proposed+legislation+to+provide+patients+quality+health+care%2C+while+maintaining+affordability+and+the+consumers+right+to+receive+all+relevant+information+regarding+their+treatment+and+costs%2C+including+S.+449%2C+to+prohibit+the+restriction+of+certain+types+of+medical+communications+between+a+health+care+provider+and+a+patient%2C+and+S.+644%2C+to+establish+standards+for+relationships+between+group+health+plans+and+health+insurance+issuers+with+enrollees%2C+health+professionals%2C+and+providers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055335-0) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Census 2000: hearings, March 11 and April 16, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-233 AN - 59770883; 1998-0211140 AB - Discusses Census Bureau plans and issues for the decennial census, including sampling, technology, costs, and accuracy; also examines legal and constitutional aspects of sampling; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+172 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+172 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160558301 KW - Population -- United States -- Statistics KW - United States -- Census bureau KW - Census -- Errors KW - Census -- United States KW - United States -- Demographics KW - Sampling -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59770883?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B172&rft.isbn=0160558301&rft.btitle=Census+2000%3A+hearings%2C+March+11+and+April+16%2C+1997&rft.title=Census+2000%3A+hearings%2C+March+11+and+April+16%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055830-1) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Youth violence: developing local and state solutions: hearing, February 15-16, 1996 T2 - 104th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 104-792 Serial no. J-104-70 AN - 59770779; 1997-1013650 AB - Examines community responses to youth violence; emphasis on what works and doesn't work, and which federal programs are beneficial; focuses on Nashville and Memphis, Tennessee. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. v+261 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - v+261 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160542103 KW - Violence -- United States -- Tennessee KW - Crime prevention -- United States -- Tennessee KW - Memphis, Tennessee -- Social conditions KW - Nashville, Tennessee -- Social conditions KW - Youth and law -- United States -- Tennessee KW - Tennessee -- Social conditions KW - Juvenile delinquents -- United States -- Tennessee KW - Social service -- Work with youth KW - Community organization -- United States -- Tennessee UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59770779?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=v%2B261&rft.isbn=0160542103&rft.btitle=Youth+violence%3A+developing+local+and+state+solutions%3A+hearing%2C+February+15-16%2C+1996&rft.title=Youth+violence%3A+developing+local+and+state+solutions%3A+hearing%2C+February+15-16%2C+1996&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054210-3) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s), chart(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - National missile defense and the ABM Treaty: hearing, May 1, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-199 AN - 59770575; 1998-0107580 AB - Examines whether the Clinton administration's "3+3" NMD program to develop and deploy guided missiles defenses conflicts with provisions of the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) treaty with the Soviet Union/Russia. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+22 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+22 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160557054 KW - Guided missiles -- Defenses -- Treaties KW - United States -- Foreign relations -- Russia (Federative Republic) KW - Arms limitation -- Treaties KW - United States -- Defenses KW - Russia (Federative Republic) -- Foreign relations -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59770575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B22&rft.isbn=0160557054&rft.btitle=National+missile+defense+and+the+ABM+Treaty%3A+hearing%2C+May+1%2C+1997&rft.title=National+missile+defense+and+the+ABM+Treaty%3A+hearing%2C+May+1%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055705-4) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Federal response to Hurricane Fran: hearing, October 2, 1996 T2 - 104th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 104-733 AN - 59770209; 1998-0303680 AB - Reviews response of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to large disasters, focusing on disaster recoveries following the hurricane that struck North Carolina and Virginia, Sept. 5, 1996 causing several billion dollars of damage. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+94 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+94 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160539889 KW - Disaster relief -- United States KW - United States -- Environmental conditions KW - Hurricanes -- Emergency preparedness KW - Disasters -- Emergency preparedness KW - United States -- Federal emergency management agency UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59770209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B94&rft.isbn=0160539889&rft.btitle=Federal+response+to+Hurricane+Fran%3A+hearing%2C+October+2%2C+1996&rft.title=Federal+response+to+Hurricane+Fran%3A+hearing%2C+October+2%2C+1996&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-053988-9) pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), il(s), table(s), chart(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Investigation of Whitewater Development Corporation and related matters: hearings and depositions, July 18, 1995-June 12, 1996 T2 - 104th Cong., 1st and 2d sess. S. hearing 104-869 AN - 59769723; 1998-0211040 AB - Investigation into improper conduct by White House staff, Madison Guaranty Savings & Loan, Capital Management Services, and other issues related to the failed Arkansas land deal while Bill Clinton was governor, and events after he became president. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. 18v. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 PB - Superintendent of Documents KW - United States -- President -- Staff KW - Government investigations -- United States KW - United States -- President -- Ethics KW - Public officials -- Ethics KW - Foster, Vincent Walker, Jr., 1945-93 KW - Business failures -- United States -- Arkansas KW - Corruption -- United States KW - Real estate business -- United States -- Arkansas UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59769723?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Investigation+of+Whitewater+Development+Corporation+and+related+matters%3A+hearings+and+depositions%2C+July+18%2C+1995-June+12%2C+1996&rft.title=Investigation+of+Whitewater+Development+Corporation+and+related+matters%3A+hearings+and+depositions%2C+July+18%2C+1995-June+12%2C+1996&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs pa N1 - SuppNotes - 18v N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - National missile defense and prospects for U.S.-Russia ABM treaty accommodation: hearing, March 13, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-193 AN - 59769446; 1998-0107550 AB - Relationship between US deployment of guided missile defenses, Russian ratification of the START II treaty, and possible amendment of the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) treaty. Also examines US national missile defense (NMD) and ballistic missile defense (BMD) activities. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+144 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+144 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160556864 KW - Guided missiles -- Defenses -- Treaties KW - United States -- Foreign relations -- Russia (Federative Republic) KW - Arms limitation -- Treaties KW - United States -- Defenses KW - Russia (Federative Republic) -- Foreign relations -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59769446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B144&rft.isbn=0160556864&rft.btitle=National+missile+defense+and+prospects+for+U.S.-Russia+ABM+treaty+accommodation%3A+hearing%2C+March+13%2C+1997&rft.title=National+missile+defense+and+prospects+for+U.S.-Russia+ABM+treaty+accommodation%3A+hearing%2C+March+13%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055686-4) pa N1 - Document feature - chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Ebonics: hearing [January 23, 1997] T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-20 AN - 59769272; 1997-1104340 AB - Pros and cons of Oakland Unified School District's Dec. 1996 resolution (revised in Jan. 1997) on recognizing role of Ebonics in teaching African-American students to speak standard English; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+102 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+102 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160549701 KW - Black English KW - United States -- Languages KW - English language -- United States KW - Blacks -- Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59769272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B102&rft.isbn=0160549701&rft.btitle=Ebonics%3A+hearing&rft.title=Ebonics%3A+hearing&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054970-1) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Management of the student aid delivery system: hearing, May 15, 1997, on examining proposed legislation authorizing funds for programs of the Higher Education Act, focusing on student and delivery systems T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-67 AN - 59768884; 1997-1014040 AB - Focuses on the efficiency, integrity, and management structure of the Office of Postsecondary Education (OPE) for the financial aid delivery system; future challenges; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+75 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+75 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160552311 KW - Education -- United States -- Legislation KW - Government agencies -- Evaluation KW - Efficiency, Administrative -- United States KW - United States -- Educational sector KW - United States -- Education department KW - College students -- Aid UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59768884?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B75&rft.isbn=0160552311&rft.btitle=Management+of+the+student+aid+delivery+system%3A+hearing%2C+May+15%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+proposed+legislation+authorizing+funds+for+programs+of+the+Higher+Education+Act%2C+focusing+on+student+and+delivery+systems&rft.title=Management+of+the+student+aid+delivery+system%3A+hearing%2C+May+15%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+proposed+legislation+authorizing+funds+for+programs+of+the+Higher+Education+Act%2C+focusing+on+student+and+delivery+systems&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055231-1) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The Export Administration Act of 1996 [H.R.361]: hearing, July 31, 1996, on the Export Administration Legislation passed by the U.S. House of Representatives T2 - 104th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 104-738 AN - 59768388; 1998-0208740 AB - Examines Congressional findings, policy statement, general provisions, and other aspects of the bill to provide authority to control exports, as part of a comprehensive governmental response to national security threats. Strengthens multilateral export controls, combats proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, forbids dual-use exports and re-exports to terrorist countries, and removes Cold War impediments to export competitiveness. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+265 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+265 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016054100X KW - Internal security -- United States KW - Weapons of mass destruction KW - Terrorism -- International aspects KW - Competition, International KW - Export-import trade -- United States KW - United States -- Commercial policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59768388?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B265&rft.isbn=016054100X&rft.btitle=The+Export+Administration+Act+of+1996+%3A+hearing%2C+July+31%2C+1996%2C+on+the+Export+Administration+Legislation+passed+by+the+U.S.+House+of+Representatives&rft.title=The+Export+Administration+Act+of+1996+%3A+hearing%2C+July+31%2C+1996%2C+on+the+Export+Administration+Legislation+passed+by+the+U.S.+House+of+Representatives&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054100-X) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Bomb attack in Saudi Arabia: hearings, July 9 and September 18, 1996 T2 - 104th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 104-832 AN - 59768229; 1997-1209590 AB - Examines circumstances and consequences of June 25, 1996 terrorist bombing of the US military housing complex at Khobar Towers in Dhahran. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+154 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+154 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160549116 KW - Terrorism -- Saudi Arabia -- Dhahran, Saudi Arabia KW - Bombings (political) -- Saudi Arabia -- Dhahran, Saudi Arabia KW - Government investigations -- United States KW - United States -- Armed forces -- Forces in the Middle East KW - Saudi Arabia -- Foreign relations -- United States KW - United States -- Foreign relations -- Saudi Arabia KW - Military bases -- Security measures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59768229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B154&rft.isbn=0160549116&rft.btitle=Bomb+attack+in+Saudi+Arabia%3A+hearings%2C+July+9+and+September+18%2C+1996&rft.title=Bomb+attack+in+Saudi+Arabia%3A+hearings%2C+July+9+and+September+18%2C+1996&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054911-6) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - U.S. national goals and objectives in international relations in the year 2000 and beyond: hearing, July 13, 1995 T2 - 104th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 104-600 AN - 59767803; 1997-1210160 AB - Strategic overview of challenges and dilemmas of the post-cold war era. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+35 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+35 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160540208 KW - Geopolitics KW - Diplomacy -- United States KW - United States -- Foreign relations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59767803?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B35&rft.isbn=0160540208&rft.btitle=U.S.+national+goals+and+objectives+in+international+relations+in+the+year+2000+and+beyond%3A+hearing%2C+July+13%2C+1995&rft.title=U.S.+national+goals+and+objectives+in+international+relations+in+the+year+2000+and+beyond%3A+hearing%2C+July+13%2C+1995&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054020-8) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - ABM treaty and U.S. ballistic missile defense: hearings, September 24-26, 1996 T2 - 104th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 104-750 AN - 59767712; 1997-1209770 AB - Examines threat of guided missile attack, need to develop and deploy effective countermeasures, and possible US withdrawal from the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) treaty. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+85 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+85 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160552230 KW - Guided missiles -- Defenses -- Treaties KW - Arms limitation -- Treaties KW - United States -- Defenses KW - Military research -- United States KW - United States -- Foreign relations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59767712?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B85&rft.isbn=0160552230&rft.btitle=ABM+treaty+and+U.S.+ballistic+missile+defense%3A+hearings%2C+September+24-26%2C+1996&rft.title=ABM+treaty+and+U.S.+ballistic+missile+defense%3A+hearings%2C+September+24-26%2C+1996&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055223-0) pa N1 - Document feature - chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Women's health issues: special hearings, May 6-November 15, 1996 T2 - 104th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 104-754 AN - 59767448; 1997-0503440 AB - Examines need for funding mammography and breast cancer, domestic violence, osteoporosis, menopause, cardiovascular disease, AIDS, and other research programs. Importance of reaching underserved women or culturally diverse populations. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+234 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+234 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160540747 KW - Women -- Health KW - Family violence -- United States KW - Public health -- United States KW - Osteoporosis KW - United States -- Health policy KW - Breast cancer -- Research KW - Menopause KW - Mammography -- United States KW - Medical research -- Federal aid UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59767448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B234&rft.isbn=0160540747&rft.btitle=Women%27s+health+issues%3A+special+hearings%2C+May+6-November+15%2C+1996&rft.title=Women%27s+health+issues%3A+special+hearings%2C+May+6-November+15%2C+1996&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054074-7) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Report T2 - 103d Cong. S. doc. 105-2 AN - 59767151; 1998-0600160 AB - Rethinking classification, declassification and public access, personnel security protection through detection, and information age insecurity. JF - United States Government Printing Office, 1997. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 PB - United States Government Printing Office KW - Internal security -- United States KW - Defense information, Classified -- United States KW - Official secrets -- United States KW - United States -- Defenses KW - Information processing systems -- Security measures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59767151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Report&rft.title=Report&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/commissions/secrecy/index.html LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Govt Printing Office N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Meeting the challenges of Alzheimer's disease: the biomedical research that will carry us into the 21st century: hearing, June 5, 1997, on examining challenges for treating Alzheimer's disease, focusing on biomedical research options T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-93 AN - 59766865; 1997-1013080 AB - Reviews potential increases in incidence as the population ages, current research and treatment options, and potential new directions; with testimony of six prominent physicians and researchers; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+76 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+76 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160553504 KW - United States -- Medical sector KW - Brain diseases -- Research KW - Old age -- Health KW - Alzheimer's disease -- Research KW - Medical research -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59766865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B76&rft.isbn=0160553504&rft.btitle=Meeting+the+challenges+of+Alzheimer%27s+disease%3A+the+biomedical+research+that+will+carry+us+into+the+21st+century%3A+hearing%2C+June+5%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+challenges+for+treating+Alzheimer%27s+disease%2C+focusing+on+biomedical+research+options&rft.title=Meeting+the+challenges+of+Alzheimer%27s+disease%3A+the+biomedical+research+that+will+carry+us+into+the+21st+century%3A+hearing%2C+June+5%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+challenges+for+treating+Alzheimer%27s+disease%2C+focusing+on+biomedical+research+options&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055350-4) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Opportunity programs: opening the doors to higher education: hearing, June 12, 1997, on examining proposed legislation authorizing funds for programs of the Higher Education Act, focusing on those programs which provide support services and scholarships for disadvantaged students, including institutional aid to colleges and universities T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-117 AN - 59766777; 1997-1113100 AB - Covers Aid for Institutional Development, or Title III; the National Early Intervention Scholarship and Partnership Program, and the TRIO programs. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+87 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+87 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160554500 KW - Education -- United States -- Legislation KW - United States -- Educational sector KW - Colleges and universities -- Federal aid KW - College students -- Aid UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59766777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B87&rft.isbn=0160554500&rft.btitle=Opportunity+programs%3A+opening+the+doors+to+higher+education%3A+hearing%2C+June+12%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+proposed+legislation+authorizing+funds+for+programs+of+the+Higher+Education+Act%2C+focusing+on+those+programs+which+provide+support+services+and+scholarships+for+disadvantaged+students%2C+including+institutional+aid+to+colleges+and+universities&rft.title=Opportunity+programs%3A+opening+the+doors+to+higher+education%3A+hearing%2C+June+12%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+proposed+legislation+authorizing+funds+for+programs+of+the+Higher+Education+Act%2C+focusing+on+those+programs+which+provide+support+services+and+scholarships+for+disadvantaged+students%2C+including+institutional+aid+to+colleges+and+universities&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055450-0) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Biomedical research priorities: who should decide? hearing, May 1, 1997, on examining proposed legislation authorizing funds for the National Institutes of Health, focusing on biomedical research priorities T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-68 AN - 59766746; 1997-1112130 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+90 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+90 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160552303 KW - Medical research -- United States -- Legislation KW - United States -- National institutes of health KW - Medical research -- Federal aid KW - Biotechnology -- Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59766746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B90&rft.isbn=0160552303&rft.btitle=Biomedical+research+priorities%3A+who+should+decide%3F+hearing%2C+May+1%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+proposed+legislation+authorizing+funds+for+the+National+Institutes+of+Health%2C+focusing+on+biomedical+research+priorities&rft.title=Biomedical+research+priorities%3A+who+should+decide%3F+hearing%2C+May+1%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+proposed+legislation+authorizing+funds+for+the+National+Institutes+of+Health%2C+focusing+on+biomedical+research+priorities&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055230-3) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Air bag safety: hearing, January 9, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-49 AN - 59766668; 1997-1006270 AB - Examines the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's activities concerning vehicle air bags, their deployment during accidents, and benefits/risks to infants, children, and small-stature drivers. Some emphasis on importance of wearing seat belts to maximize the safety benefits of air bags. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+180 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+180 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160551293 KW - United States -- National highway traffic safety administration KW - Motor vehicles -- Safety measures KW - Accidents -- Prevention KW - Air bag restraint systems -- United States KW - United States -- Transportation sector UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59766668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B180&rft.isbn=0160551293&rft.btitle=Air+bag+safety%3A+hearing%2C+January+9%2C+1997&rft.title=Air+bag+safety%3A+hearing%2C+January+9%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055129-3) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program: hearing, April 10, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-299 AN - 59766429; 1998-0304550 AB - Discusses the NEHRP, started in 1977, with activities such as basic and applied research, technology development and transfer, training, education, and advocacy for seismic risk reduction measures; US. The program is administered by The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the National Science Foundation (NSF), the US Geological Survey (USGS), and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+92 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+92 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160560403 KW - Risk management -- United States KW - Earthquakes and building -- United States KW - United States -- Environmental policy KW - Earthquakes -- Emergency preparedness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59766429?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B92&rft.isbn=0160560403&rft.btitle=National+Earthquake+Hazards+Reduction+Program%3A+hearing%2C+April+10%2C+1997&rft.title=National+Earthquake+Hazards+Reduction+Program%3A+hearing%2C+April+10%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056040-3) pa N1 - Document feature - map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - State-sanctioned discrimination in America: hearing, June 16, 1997, on proposals to prohibit the use of race and gender preference by the federal government in employment, contracting and other programs T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-99 Serial no. J-105-24 AN - 59766414; 1997-1102260 AB - Examines problems in discrimination and preferences, and experiences of minorities, women, and others. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+73 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+73 PB - Superintendent of Documents KW - Discrimination in employment -- United States KW - Civil rights -- United States KW - Discrimination in education -- United States KW - United States -- Social conditions KW - Discrimination -- United States KW - Equality before the law -- United States KW - Women -- Equal rights KW - Minorities -- Legal status, laws, etc. UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59766414?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=State-sanctioned+discrimination+in+America%3A+hearing%2C+June+16%2C+1997%2C+on+proposals+to+prohibit+the+use+of+race+and+gender+preference+by+the+federal+government+in+employment%2C+contracting+and+other+programs&rft.title=State-sanctioned+discrimination+in+America%3A+hearing%2C+June+16%2C+1997%2C+on+proposals+to+prohibit+the+use+of+race+and+gender+preference+by+the+federal+government+in+employment%2C+contracting+and+other+programs&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Yellowstone National Park: hearing, July 10, 1997, on the preliminary findings of the General Accounting Office concerning a study on the health, condition, and viability of the range and wildlife populations in Yellowstone National Park T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-98 AN - 59766300; 1997-1106070 AB - Examines practices and management policy of the National Park Service, focusing on the relationship between the size of the herds, and conditions and sustainability of range plant species. Emphasis on bison, elk, and cattle herds. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+33 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+33 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160553725 KW - Buffaloes -- United States KW - United States -- National park service KW - Nature conservation -- United States -- Western states KW - Parks, National -- United States -- Western states KW - Livestock industry -- United States KW - Parks, National -- Environmental aspects KW - Wildlife conservation -- United States -- Western states UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59766300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B33&rft.isbn=0160553725&rft.btitle=Yellowstone+National+Park%3A+hearing%2C+July+10%2C+1997%2C+on+the+preliminary+findings+of+the+General+Accounting+Office+concerning+a+study+on+the+health%2C+condition%2C+and+viability+of+the+range+and+wildlife+populations+in+Yellowstone+National+Park&rft.title=Yellowstone+National+Park%3A+hearing%2C+July+10%2C+1997%2C+on+the+preliminary+findings+of+the+General+Accounting+Office+concerning+a+study+on+the+health%2C+condition%2C+and+viability+of+the+range+and+wildlife+populations+in+Yellowstone+National+Park&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055372-5) N1 - Document feature - map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Chemical Weapons Convention: hearings, April 8-17, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-183 AN - 59765155; 1998-0310280 AB - Implications of the CWC for US national security. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+340 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+340 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160557720 KW - Chemical weapons -- Treaties KW - Arms limitation -- Treaties KW - United States -- Defenses KW - United States -- Foreign relations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59765155?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B340&rft.isbn=0160557720&rft.btitle=Chemical+Weapons+Convention%3A+hearings%2C+April+8-17%2C+1997&rft.title=Chemical+Weapons+Convention%3A+hearings%2C+April+8-17%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055772-0) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Reform of legal immigration: hearing, September 13, 1995, on legal immigration reform proposals T2 - 104th Cong., 1st sess. Serial no. J-104-45 S. hearing 104-811 AN - 59765087; 1997-0702830 AB - Examines proposed draft to adjust US immigration laws to meet current national interests, focusing on family unification, employment-based immigration, and refugee admissions. Emphasis on admissions of immigrants of extraordinary ability, professionals with graduate/undergraduate degrees, and experienced, skilled workers. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+128 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+128 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160543320 KW - Immigration and emigration -- United States -- Legislation KW - United States -- Immigration policy KW - Immigrants -- Legal status, laws, etc. KW - Skilled labor -- United States KW - Labor supply -- United States KW - Immigration and emigration -- Economic aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59765087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B128&rft.isbn=0160543320&rft.btitle=Reform+of+legal+immigration%3A+hearing%2C+September+13%2C+1995%2C+on+legal+immigration+reform+proposals&rft.title=Reform+of+legal+immigration%3A+hearing%2C+September+13%2C+1995%2C+on+legal+immigration+reform+proposals&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054332-0) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Internet crimes affecting consumers: hearing, March 19, 1997, on S. 474, a bill to amend Sections 1081 and 1084 of Title 18, United States Code T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. Serial no. J-105-5 S. hearing 105-122 AN - 59764865; 1997-1111010 AB - How activities which would be criminal in other venues can be identified, prevented, and prosecuted when committed on the Internet; with discussion of jurisdiction, encryption, and other topics. Testimony on information security, fraud, theft of money and data, credit card fraud, gambling, extortion and blackmail, and other crimes; also discusses law enforcement capabilities and other topics. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+87 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+87 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160554535 KW - Crime prevention -- United States KW - Crime and criminals -- United States KW - Internet gambling KW - United States -- Information policy KW - Computer networks -- Legal aspects KW - Internet -- Security measures KW - Data transmission systems -- Security measures KW - United States -- Law enforcement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59764865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B87&rft.isbn=0160554535&rft.btitle=Internet+crimes+affecting+consumers%3A+hearing%2C+March+19%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+474%2C+a+bill+to+amend+Sections+1081+and+1084+of+Title+18%2C+United+States+Code&rft.title=Internet+crimes+affecting+consumers%3A+hearing%2C+March+19%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+474%2C+a+bill+to+amend+Sections+1081+and+1084+of+Title+18%2C+United+States+Code&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055453-5) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1991--S. 621: hearing, April 29, 1997, on S. 621, to repeal the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, to enact the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1997, and for other purposes T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-309 AN - 59764749; 1998-0313180 AB - On proposed legislation to repeal PUHCA, eliminating the role of the Securities and Exchange Commission as primary regulator of the 15 registered public utility holding companies and giving that regulatory authority to the states and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+310 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+310 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160560659 KW - United States -- Federal energy regulatory commission KW - Government regulation of business -- United States KW - United States -- Energy policy KW - Electric power -- Marketing -- Regulation KW - United States -- Securities and exchange commission KW - Public utilities -- Regulation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59764749?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B310&rft.isbn=0160560659&rft.btitle=The+Public+Utility+Holding+Company+Act+of+1991--S.+621%3A+hearing%2C+April+29%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+621%2C+to+repeal+the+Public+Utility+Holding+Company+Act+of+1935%2C+to+enact+the+Public+Utility+Holding+Company+Act+of+1997%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.title=The+Public+Utility+Holding+Company+Act+of+1991--S.+621%3A+hearing%2C+April+29%2C+1997%2C+on+S.+621%2C+to+repeal+the+Public+Utility+Holding+Company+Act+of+1935%2C+to+enact+the+Public+Utility+Holding+Company+Act+of+1997%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056065-9) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - California and affirmative action: hearing, April 30, 1996, on examining federal policies and practices with regard to racial, ethnic, and gender preferences, focusing on certain California affirmative action cases T2 - 104th Cong., 2d sess. Serial no. J-104-76 S. hearing 104-837 AN - 59764520; 1997-1110550 AB - With reference to college and university admissions, employment, and contracting policies. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+85 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+85 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160549620 KW - Affirmative action programs -- United States -- California KW - Discrimination in employment -- United States -- California KW - Discrimination in education -- United States -- California KW - Discrimination -- United States -- California KW - Civil rights -- United States -- California KW - California -- Race relations KW - Sex discrimination -- United States -- California KW - California -- Social policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59764520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B85&rft.isbn=0160549620&rft.btitle=California+and+affirmative+action%3A+hearing%2C+April+30%2C+1996%2C+on+examining+federal+policies+and+practices+with+regard+to+racial%2C+ethnic%2C+and+gender+preferences%2C+focusing+on+certain+California+affirmative+action+cases&rft.title=California+and+affirmative+action%3A+hearing%2C+April+30%2C+1996%2C+on+examining+federal+policies+and+practices+with+regard+to+racial%2C+ethnic%2C+and+gender+preferences%2C+focusing+on+certain+California+affirmative+action+cases&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054962-0) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Nonimmigrant visa issues: hearing, September 28, 1995, on examining nonimmigrant immigration issues T2 - 104th Cong., 1st sess. Serial no. J-104-48 S. hearing 104-814 AN - 59764493; 1997-0702860 AB - On temporary entrants, including foreign students, exchange visitors, intercompany transferees, and other workers ranging from professional to farm labor; whether job opportunities or wages of US workers are being adversely affected from unfair competition of foreign workers. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+161 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+161 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160543312 KW - Immigration and emigration -- United States -- Legislation KW - United States -- Immigration policy KW - Foreign students in the United States -- Legal status, laws, etc. KW - Aliens -- Legal status, laws, etc. KW - Visas -- United States KW - Labor supply -- United States KW - Alien labor -- Legal status, laws, etc. KW - Alien labor -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59764493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B161&rft.isbn=0160543312&rft.btitle=Nonimmigrant+visa+issues%3A+hearing%2C+September+28%2C+1995%2C+on+examining+nonimmigrant+immigration+issues&rft.title=Nonimmigrant+visa+issues%3A+hearing%2C+September+28%2C+1995%2C+on+examining+nonimmigrant+immigration+issues&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054331-2) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Quadrennial defense review: hearings, May 20-21, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-197 AN - 59764433; 1998-0107590 AB - Examines military strategy and armed forces structure recommendations contained within the QDR. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+200 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+200 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160557038 KW - United States -- Armed forces KW - Military strategy -- United States KW - United States -- Defenses KW - Military planning -- United States KW - United States -- Military policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59764433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B200&rft.isbn=0160557038&rft.btitle=Quadrennial+defense+review%3A+hearings%2C+May+20-21%2C+1997&rft.title=Quadrennial+defense+review%3A+hearings%2C+May+20-21%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055703-8) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Technology and the virtual university: opportunities and challenges: hearing, April 16, 1997, on examining both the range of "distance learning" programs available at institutions of higher education as well as the questions that new uses of technology raise for reauthorization of the Higher Education Act T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-32 AN - 59761097; 1997-0808320 AB - Examines role of technology in promoting higher education via the Internet and satellite communication systems in remote rural areas; some focus on the Western Governors University, a consortium of institutions from 13 states and the curriculum and technology developed; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+82 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+82 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160550386 KW - United States -- Educational sector KW - Education, Adult -- United States -- Western states KW - Innovation in education -- United States KW - Distance education -- United States KW - Technological innovations -- United States KW - Rural education -- United States KW - Internet KW - Education -- Communication systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59761097?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B82&rft.isbn=0160550386&rft.btitle=Technology+and+the+virtual+university%3A+opportunities+and+challenges%3A+hearing%2C+April+16%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+both+the+range+of+%22distance+learning%22+programs+available+at+institutions+of+higher+education+as+well+as+the+questions+that+new+uses+of+technology+raise+for+reauthorization+of+the+Higher+Education+Act&rft.title=Technology+and+the+virtual+university%3A+opportunities+and+challenges%3A+hearing%2C+April+16%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+both+the+range+of+%22distance+learning%22+programs+available+at+institutions+of+higher+education+as+well+as+the+questions+that+new+uses+of+technology+raise+for+reauthorization+of+the+Higher+Education+Act&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055038-6) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Church burnings: hearing, June 27, 1996, on the federal response to recent incidents of church burnings in predominantly Black churches across the South T2 - 104th Cong., 2d sess. Serial no. J-104-88 S. hearing 104-851 AN - 59760076; 1997-0805190 AB - Examines significance of arson against Black churches, and acts of violence against other houses of worship; focuses on federal investigation and prosecution, financial support to assist in rebuilding, and impact of these hate crimes. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+74 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+74 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016055019X KW - Black churches -- United States -- Southern states KW - United States -- Race relations KW - Arson -- United States KW - Hate crimes -- United States KW - Black churches -- United States KW - Prejudice, Racial -- United States KW - United States -- Law enforcement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59760076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B74&rft.isbn=016055019X&rft.btitle=Church+burnings%3A+hearing%2C+June+27%2C+1996%2C+on+the+federal+response+to+recent+incidents+of+church+burnings+in+predominantly+Black+churches+across+the+South&rft.title=Church+burnings%3A+hearing%2C+June+27%2C+1996%2C+on+the+federal+response+to+recent+incidents+of+church+burnings+in+predominantly+Black+churches+across+the+South&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055019-X) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Campus-based programs: reshaping policy to meet the need of a changing student population: hearing, April 23, 1997, on examining issues related to the campus-based student assistance programs and reviewing proposals for their improvement as part of the reauthorization of the Higher Education Act T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-34 AN - 59759782; 1997-1000510 AB - Focuses on importance of college work study, Supplemental Education Opportunity Grants, Perkins loans, and other programs in the context of reauthorizing the Higher Education Act. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+71 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+71 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160550629 KW - United States -- Educational sector KW - Student loans -- United States KW - Employment -- College students KW - Colleges and universities -- Federal aid KW - Education -- Federal aid KW - College students -- Aid UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59759782?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B71&rft.isbn=0160550629&rft.btitle=Campus-based+programs%3A+reshaping+policy+to+meet+the+need+of+a+changing+student+population%3A+hearing%2C+April+23%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+issues+related+to+the+campus-based+student+assistance+programs+and+reviewing+proposals+for+their+improvement+as+part+of+the+reauthorization+of+the+Higher+Education+Act&rft.title=Campus-based+programs%3A+reshaping+policy+to+meet+the+need+of+a+changing+student+population%3A+hearing%2C+April+23%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+issues+related+to+the+campus-based+student+assistance+programs+and+reviewing+proposals+for+their+improvement+as+part+of+the+reauthorization+of+the+Higher+Education+Act&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055062-9) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The changing nature of youth violence: hearing, February 28, 1996, on examining the current state of youth violence, focusing on its changing nature and juvenile intervention programs designed to prevent increased violence T2 - 104th Cong., 2d sess. Serial no. J-104-66 S. hearing 104-771 AN - 59759073; 1997-0700540 AB - Testimony concerning the increase in juvenile crime; effects of drugs, guns, gangs, inadequate supervision, and other problems; role of federal and state government in prevention and intervention programs. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+84 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+84 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160541638 KW - Firearms -- United States KW - Gangs -- United States KW - Violence -- United States KW - Crime prevention -- United States KW - Drug related crime -- United States KW - United States -- Social conditions KW - Social service -- Work with youth KW - Youth and law -- United States KW - Juvenile delinquents -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59759073?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B84&rft.isbn=0160541638&rft.btitle=The+changing+nature+of+youth+violence%3A+hearing%2C+February+28%2C+1996%2C+on+examining+the+current+state+of+youth+violence%2C+focusing+on+its+changing+nature+and+juvenile+intervention+programs+designed+to+prevent+increased+violence&rft.title=The+changing+nature+of+youth+violence%3A+hearing%2C+February+28%2C+1996%2C+on+examining+the+current+state+of+youth+violence%2C+focusing+on+its+changing+nature+and+juvenile+intervention+programs+designed+to+prevent+increased+violence&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054163-8) pa N1 - Document feature - chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Tax expenditures: compendium of background material on individual provisions, December 1996 T2 - 104th Cong., 2d sess. S. print 104-69 Com. print AN - 59756897; 1997-0403460 AB - Estimates revenue cost, legal authorization for, description, impact, rationale, and assessment of each of 120 federal tax provisions. Prepared by the Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. xii+567 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - xii+567 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160540380 KW - Income tax -- United States KW - United States -- Tax policy KW - Tax expenditures -- United States KW - Corporate income tax -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59756897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=xii%2B567&rft.isbn=0160540380&rft.btitle=Tax+expenditures%3A+compendium+of+background+material+on+individual+provisions%2C+December+1996&rft.title=Tax+expenditures%3A+compendium+of+background+material+on+individual+provisions%2C+December+1996&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054038-0) pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The jury and the search for truth: the case against excluding relevant evidence at trial: hearing, March 7, 1995, on S.3, a bill to control crime, and for other purposes T2 - 104th Cong., 1st sess. Serial no. J-104-10 S. hearing 104-724 AN - 59756638; 1997-0400990 AB - Proposal to allow admissibility of evidence gained through unlawful police searches, as well as voluntary confessions by suspects who have not been given a Miranda warning. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+323 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+323 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160539773 KW - Evidence -- United States KW - Searches and seizures -- United States KW - Police -- United States KW - United States -- Constitution -- Fourth amendment KW - United States -- Law enforcement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59756638?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B323&rft.isbn=0160539773&rft.btitle=The+jury+and+the+search+for+truth%3A+the+case+against+excluding+relevant+evidence+at+trial%3A+hearing%2C+March+7%2C+1995%2C+on+S.3%2C+a+bill+to+control+crime%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.title=The+jury+and+the+search+for+truth%3A+the+case+against+excluding+relevant+evidence+at+trial%3A+hearing%2C+March+7%2C+1995%2C+on+S.3%2C+a+bill+to+control+crime%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-053977-3) pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Concurrent resolution on the budget, FY 1998: committee print to accompany S.con.res. 27 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. print 105-27 Com. print AN - 59756522; 1997-0800680 AB - Focuses on providing tax reductions over the next five years on child tax credits, broad-based capital gains, tax relief for post-secondary education, and other provisions. Partial contents: Economics; Spending and revenues; Budget resolutions: enforcement, reconciliation and other issues. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+206 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+206 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160550203 KW - Taxation -- United States KW - United States -- Tax policy KW - Education -- Tax aspects KW - Child care -- Tax aspects KW - United States -- Appropriations and expenditures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59756522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B206&rft.isbn=0160550203&rft.btitle=Concurrent+resolution+on+the+budget%2C+FY+1998%3A+committee+print+to+accompany+S.con.res.+27&rft.title=Concurrent+resolution+on+the+budget%2C+FY+1998%3A+committee+print+to+accompany+S.con.res.+27&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-055020-3) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Multi-channel video competition: hearing, April 10, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-346 AN - 59756244; 1998-0312580 AB - Examines why the multichannel video industry has not been able to keep cable television rates down; discusses the extent to which rules and laws applicable to the cable industry should apply to direct-broadcast satellite (DBS), one of cable's most powerful competitors; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+78 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+78 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160561663 KW - Satellite broadcasting -- Regulation KW - United States -- Media -- Regulation KW - Cable television -- Fees, charges, etc. UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59756244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B78&rft.isbn=0160561663&rft.btitle=Multi-channel+video+competition%3A+hearing%2C+April+10%2C+1997&rft.title=Multi-channel+video+competition%3A+hearing%2C+April+10%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-056166-3) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Future of U.S. military presence in Panama: staff report, May 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. Com. print S.print 105-22 AN - 59755419; 1997-1209890 AB - Prospects for US forward presence and US-Panamanian military relations following turn-over of control of the Panama Canal in 1999. Clinton administration decision to shift US Southern Command (SOUTHCOM) headquarters from Panama to Miami, Florida; possible military missions after the year 2000. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. v+47 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - v+47 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160549132 KW - United States -- Armed forces -- Forces in Central America KW - United States -- Foreign relations -- Panama (Republic) KW - United States -- Defenses KW - Panama (Republic) -- Foreign relations -- United States KW - Military bases -- United States KW - Panama (Republic) -- Defenses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59755419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=v%2B47&rft.isbn=0160549132&rft.btitle=Future+of+U.S.+military+presence+in+Panama%3A+staff+report%2C+May+1997&rft.title=Future+of+U.S.+military+presence+in+Panama%3A+staff+report%2C+May+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054913-2) pa N1 - Document feature - chart(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The iron triangle: welfare, illegitimacy, and juvenile violence: hearing, June 7, 1995, on how welfare dependence and illegitimacy contribute to juvenile crime and violence T2 - 104th Cong., 2d sess. Serial no. J-104-27 S. hearing 104-751 AN - 59755418; 1997-0603660 AB - Examines causes of antisocial behavior by children and teenagers; focus on conditions affecting welfare families; US. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+82 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+82 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160540399 KW - Social problems -- United States KW - Violence -- United States KW - Child welfare -- United States KW - United States -- Social conditions KW - Single parent family -- United States KW - Social service -- Work with youth KW - Youth and law -- United States KW - Juvenile delinquents -- United States KW - Public welfare -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59755418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B82&rft.isbn=0160540399&rft.btitle=The+iron+triangle%3A+welfare%2C+illegitimacy%2C+and+juvenile+violence%3A+hearing%2C+June+7%2C+1995%2C+on+how+welfare+dependence+and+illegitimacy+contribute+to+juvenile+crime+and+violence&rft.title=The+iron+triangle%3A+welfare%2C+illegitimacy%2C+and+juvenile+violence%3A+hearing%2C+June+7%2C+1995%2C+on+how+welfare+dependence+and+illegitimacy+contribute+to+juvenile+crime+and+violence&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054039-9) pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The Copyright Term Extension Act of 1995: hearing, September 20, 1995, on S. 483, a bill to amend the provisions of Title 17, United States Code, with respect to the duration of copyright, and for other purposes T2 - 104th Cong., 1st sess. Serial no. J-104-46 S. hearing 104-817 AN - 59754875; 1997-0705560 AB - Extends copyright protection an additional 20 years, with implications for international trade and domestic investment in research. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+198 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+198 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0161543517 KW - Property, Intellectual -- United States -- Legislation KW - Copyright -- United States -- Legislation KW - United States -- Economic relations KW - United States -- Commercial policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59754875?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B198&rft.isbn=0161543517&rft.btitle=The+Copyright+Term+Extension+Act+of+1995%3A+hearing%2C+September+20%2C+1995%2C+on+S.+483%2C+a+bill+to+amend+the+provisions+of+Title+17%2C+United+States+Code%2C+with+respect+to+the+duration+of+copyright%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.title=The+Copyright+Term+Extension+Act+of+1995%3A+hearing%2C+September+20%2C+1995%2C+on+S.+483%2C+a+bill+to+amend+the+provisions+of+Title+17%2C+United+States+Code%2C+with+respect+to+the+duration+of+copyright%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-154351-7) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - H.R. 1271--the Family Privacy Protection Act of 1995: hearing, November 9, 1995, on H.R. 1271 to provide protection for family privacy T2 - 104th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 104-783 AN - 59754174; 1997-0604920 AB - Examines proposed legislation which prohibits requiring pupils to participate in certain tests and surveys without written parental consent. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+196 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+196 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160541603 KW - Children's rights -- United States KW - Parent and child (law) -- United States KW - Privacy -- United States -- Legislation KW - Schools -- Records -- Legal aspects KW - Family life -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59754174?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B196&rft.isbn=0160541603&rft.btitle=H.R.+1271--the+Family+Privacy+Protection+Act+of+1995%3A+hearing%2C+November+9%2C+1995%2C+on+H.R.+1271+to+provide+protection+for+family+privacy&rft.title=H.R.+1271--the+Family+Privacy+Protection+Act+of+1995%3A+hearing%2C+November+9%2C+1995%2C+on+H.R.+1271+to+provide+protection+for+family+privacy&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054160-3) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The militia movement in the United States: hearing, June 15, 1995, on examining the scope of militia organizations in the United States, the nature of their activities, their reason for existence, and the extent to which they pose a threat to American citizens T2 - 104th Cong., 1st sess. Serial no. J-104-28 S. hearing 104-804 AN - 59754132; 1997-0803250 AB - Extent of threat to public safety caused by the militias and whether citizens join militias because they feel the federal government is a threat to their constitutional rights. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+144 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+144 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160542693 KW - Dissenters -- United States KW - Social movements -- United States KW - Right and Left -- United States KW - United States -- Social conditions KW - Legal rights -- United States KW - Government, Resistance to -- United States KW - Public safety -- United States KW - United States -- Government and politics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59754132?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B144&rft.isbn=0160542693&rft.btitle=The+militia+movement+in+the+United+States%3A+hearing%2C+June+15%2C+1995%2C+on+examining+the+scope+of+militia+organizations+in+the+United+States%2C+the+nature+of+their+activities%2C+their+reason+for+existence%2C+and+the+extent+to+which+they+pose+a+threat+to+American+citizens&rft.title=The+militia+movement+in+the+United+States%3A+hearing%2C+June+15%2C+1995%2C+on+examining+the+scope+of+militia+organizations+in+the+United+States%2C+the+nature+of+their+activities%2C+their+reason+for+existence%2C+and+the+extent+to+which+they+pose+a+threat+to+American+citizens&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054269-3) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Trends in youthful drug use: hearing, December 19, 1995, on examining recent trends in drug use among American youth, focusing on prevention and treatment programs T2 - 104th Cong., 1st sess. Serial no. J-104-60 S. hearing 104-806 AN - 59752954; 1997-0712330 AB - Finds that marijuana use by 8th through 12th graders is rising, and that teens are likely to graduate to cocaine; critical of US government's prevention efforts; based on the government report, "Losing Ground Against Drugs". JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+227 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+227 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160543150 KW - Youth -- Social aspects KW - Drug abuse -- United States KW - Cocaine -- United States KW - Drug traffic -- United States KW - Marijuana -- United States KW - Youth -- Drug problem KW - United States -- Social conditions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59752954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B227&rft.isbn=0160543150&rft.btitle=Trends+in+youthful+drug+use%3A+hearing%2C+December+19%2C+1995%2C+on+examining+recent+trends+in+drug+use+among+American+youth%2C+focusing+on+prevention+and+treatment+programs&rft.title=Trends+in+youthful+drug+use%3A+hearing%2C+December+19%2C+1995%2C+on+examining+recent+trends+in+drug+use+among+American+youth%2C+focusing+on+prevention+and+treatment+programs&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054315-0) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Global climate change: hearing, September 17, 1996, on U.S. climate change policy T2 - 104th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 104-760 AN - 59751040; 1997-0501910 AB - Focuses on environmental and economic consequences for agriculture, water resources, coastal communities, and human health; implications for US environmental and energy policies and international cooperation. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+139 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+139 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160540712 KW - Environmental policy -- International cooperation KW - Global warming -- Research KW - United States -- Energy policy KW - Climate -- Research KW - United States -- Environmental policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59751040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B139&rft.isbn=0160540712&rft.btitle=Global+climate+change%3A+hearing%2C+September+17%2C+1996%2C+on+U.S.+climate+change+policy&rft.title=Global+climate+change%3A+hearing%2C+September+17%2C+1996%2C+on+U.S.+climate+change+policy&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054071-2) pa N1 - Document feature - chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Bosnia peace process: hearings, September 10 and October 1, 1996 T2 - 104th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 104-728 AN - 59751009; 1997-0511680 AB - Assesses overall progress in implementing the 1995 Dayton peace accords; US armed forces' participation in NATO's Implementation Force (IFOR), roles of the UN and other regional and international organizations, and other issues. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+164 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+164 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160539641 KW - Bosnia-Herzegovina -- Government and politics KW - Peacekeeping forces -- Bosnia-Herzegovina KW - North Atlantic treaty organization -- Bosnia-Herzegovina KW - Bosnia-Herzegovina -- Foreign relations -- United States KW - United States -- Armed forces -- Forces in Bosnia-Herzegovina KW - United States -- Foreign relations -- Bosnia-Herzegovina KW - Peace -- Bosnia-Herzegovina UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59751009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B164&rft.isbn=0160539641&rft.btitle=Bosnia+peace+process%3A+hearings%2C+September+10+and+October+1%2C+1996&rft.title=Bosnia+peace+process%3A+hearings%2C+September+10+and+October+1%2C+1996&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-053964-1) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Innovations in adult job training: hearing, April 15, 1997, on reviewing the effectiveness of federal job training programs and changes needed to meet the skill demands in a competitive marketplace, focusing on innovations in adult job training T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-26 AN - 59750275; 1997-0800830 AB - Focuses on flexible programs designed at the state and community level, based on local economic and employer needs. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+60 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+60 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160549671 KW - Education, Adult -- United States KW - Federal and state relations -- United States KW - Unemployment relief KW - Retraining, Occupational -- Federal aid KW - Vocational education -- Federal aid KW - Employees -- Training -- Federal aid KW - United States -- Labor sector UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59750275?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B60&rft.isbn=0160549671&rft.btitle=Innovations+in+adult+job+training%3A+hearing%2C+April+15%2C+1997%2C+on+reviewing+the+effectiveness+of+federal+job+training+programs+and+changes+needed+to+meet+the+skill+demands+in+a+competitive+marketplace%2C+focusing+on+innovations+in+adult+job+training&rft.title=Innovations+in+adult+job+training%3A+hearing%2C+April+15%2C+1997%2C+on+reviewing+the+effectiveness+of+federal+job+training+programs+and+changes+needed+to+meet+the+skill+demands+in+a+competitive+marketplace%2C+focusing+on+innovations+in+adult+job+training&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054967-1) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Professional development (Title V): the role of higher education institutions in preparing our teachers for the 21st century: hearing, March 20, 1997, on examining the professional development of teachers and the role of programs authorized under Title V of the Higher Education Act in supporting and improving professional development activities T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-17 AN - 59749230; 1997-0907270 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+63 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+63 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160549221 KW - Colleges and universities -- United States KW - United States -- Educational sector KW - Teachers -- Training KW - Education -- United States KW - Continuing education -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59749230?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B63&rft.isbn=0160549221&rft.btitle=Professional+development+%28Title+V%29%3A+the+role+of+higher+education+institutions+in+preparing+our+teachers+for+the+21st+century%3A+hearing%2C+March+20%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+the+professional+development+of+teachers+and+the+role+of+programs+authorized+under+Title+V+of+the+Higher+Education+Act+in+supporting+and+improving+professional+development+activities&rft.title=Professional+development+%28Title+V%29%3A+the+role+of+higher+education+institutions+in+preparing+our+teachers+for+the+21st+century%3A+hearing%2C+March+20%2C+1997%2C+on+examining+the+professional+development+of+teachers+and+the+role+of+programs+authorized+under+Title+V+of+the+Higher+Education+Act+in+supporting+and+improving+professional+development+activities&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054922-1) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Youth violence: oversight of federal programs: hearing, May 8, 1996, on S. 1245, a bill to amend the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 to identify violent and hardcore juvenile offenders and treat them as adults, and for other purposes T2 - 104th Cong., 2d sess. Serial no. J-104-79 S. hearing 104-798 AN - 59749150; 1997-0711690 AB - Examines proposed legislation which would require states to maintain records on juveniles age 14 or over for offenses that if committed by an adult would be classified as a felony; records would be available to adult criminal courts, law enforcement agencies, and school officials. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+162 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+162 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160542383 KW - Violence -- United States KW - Crime and criminals -- United States KW - Crime prevention -- United States KW - United States -- Social policy -- Legislation KW - Juvenile justice -- United States KW - Youth and law -- United States KW - Juvenile delinquents -- United States -- Legislation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59749150?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B162&rft.isbn=0160542383&rft.btitle=Youth+violence%3A+oversight+of+federal+programs%3A+hearing%2C+May+8%2C+1996%2C+on+S.+1245%2C+a+bill+to+amend+the+Juvenile+Justice+and+Delinquency+Prevention+Act+of+1974+to+identify+violent+and+hardcore+juvenile+offenders+and+treat+them+as+adults%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.title=Youth+violence%3A+oversight+of+federal+programs%3A+hearing%2C+May+8%2C+1996%2C+on+S.+1245%2C+a+bill+to+amend+the+Juvenile+Justice+and+Delinquency+Prevention+Act+of+1974+to+identify+violent+and+hardcore+juvenile+offenders+and+treat+them+as+adults%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054238-3) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Women-owned and home-based businesses: hearing, February 6, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 104-24 AN - 59747416; 1997-0712920 AB - Examines issues faced by women business owners including access to capital, federal procurement policy, workers' status, health insurance, and the home-office deduction. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+267 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+267 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016054968X KW - United States -- Business enterprises KW - Women-owned business enterprises -- United States KW - Self-employed -- United States KW - Business and professional women -- United States KW - Cottage industries -- United States KW - Small business -- Finance KW - Contracts, Government -- Subcontracting UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59747416?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B267&rft.isbn=016054968X&rft.btitle=Women-owned+and+home-based+businesses%3A+hearing%2C+February+6%2C+1997&rft.title=Women-owned+and+home-based+businesses%3A+hearing%2C+February+6%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054968-X) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Counterterrorism legislation: hearing, May 4, 1995, on S. 390, a bill to improve the ability of the United States to respond to the international terrorist threat, and S. 375, a bill to combat terrorism T2 - 104th Cong., 1st sess. Serial no. J-104-21 S. hearing 104-748 AN - 59747168; 1997-0511830 AB - Examines provisions of bills designed to deal with both domestic and international terrorism. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+109 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+109 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160540240 KW - Internal security -- United States KW - Terrorism -- United States KW - United States -- Defenses KW - Terrorism -- International aspects KW - Counterterrorism -- United States KW - Counterterrorism -- International aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59747168?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B109&rft.isbn=0160540240&rft.btitle=Counterterrorism+legislation%3A+hearing%2C+May+4%2C+1995%2C+on+S.+390%2C+a+bill+to+improve+the+ability+of+the+United+States+to+respond+to+the+international+terrorist+threat%2C+and+S.+375%2C+a+bill+to+combat+terrorism&rft.title=Counterterrorism+legislation%3A+hearing%2C+May+4%2C+1995%2C+on+S.+390%2C+a+bill+to+improve+the+ability+of+the+United+States+to+respond+to+the+international+terrorist+threat%2C+and+S.+375%2C+a+bill+to+combat+terrorism&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054024-0) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Terrorism in the United States: the nature and extent of the threat and possible legislative responses: hearings, April 27 and May 24, 1995, on examining the nature and extent of the threat of terrorism in the United States, and proposed legislation to enhance and extend the penalties for terrorist acts, add the crime of conspiracy to certain terrorism offenses, increase the ability of the federal government to deport suspected terrorists, and add new restrictions on providing material support to terrorists; and on the administration's counterterrorism intelligence gathering proposals, focusing on whether there is a need for increased wiretap and infiltration authority for federal law enforcement T2 - 104th Cong., 1st sess. Serial no. J-104-18 S. hearing 104-757 AN - 59747121; 1997-0511820 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+259 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+259 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016054095X KW - Internal security -- United States KW - Terrorism -- United States KW - United States -- Intelligence service KW - United States -- Defenses KW - Terrorism -- International aspects KW - United States -- Law enforcement KW - Counterterrorism -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59747121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B259&rft.isbn=016054095X&rft.btitle=Terrorism+in+the+United+States%3A+the+nature+and+extent+of+the+threat+and+possible+legislative+responses%3A+hearings%2C+April+27+and+May+24%2C+1995%2C+on+examining+the+nature+and+extent+of+the+threat+of+terrorism+in+the+United+States%2C+and+proposed+legislation+to+enhance+and+extend+the+penalties+for+terrorist+acts%2C+add+the+crime+of+conspiracy+to+certain+terrorism+offenses%2C+increase+the+ability+of+the+federal+government+to+deport+suspected+terrorists%2C+and+add+new+restrictions+on+providing+material+support+to+terrorists%3B+and+on+the+administration%27s+counterterrorism+intelligence+gathering+proposals%2C+focusing+on+whether+there+is+a+need+for+increased+wiretap+and+infiltration+authority+for+federal+law+enforcement&rft.title=Terrorism+in+the+United+States%3A+the+nature+and+extent+of+the+threat+and+possible+legislative+responses%3A+hearings%2C+April+27+and+May+24%2C+1995%2C+on+examining+the+nature+and+extent+of+the+threat+of+terrorism+in+the+United+States%2C+and+proposed+legislation+to+enhance+and+extend+the+penalties+for+terrorist+acts%2C+add+the+crime+of+conspiracy+to+certain+terrorism+offenses%2C+increase+the+ability+of+the+federal+government+to+deport+suspected+terrorists%2C+and+add+new+restrictions+on+providing+material+support+to+terrorists%3B+and+on+the+administration%27s+counterterrorism+intelligence+gathering+proposals%2C+focusing+on+whether+there+is+a+need+for+increased+wiretap+and+infiltration+authority+for+federal+law+enforcement&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054095-X) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Annual refugee consultation: hearing, August 1, 1995, on examining the president's fiscal year 1996 budget request for refugee admissions T2 - 104th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 104-800 Serial no. J-104-39 AN - 59747038; 1997-0609900 AB - Examines proposed reduction in admissions for fiscal year 1996 and role of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS); reviews US worldwide efforts on behalf of refugees. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+27 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+27 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160542391 KW - United States -- Immigration policy KW - Refugees -- United States KW - United States -- Immigration and naturalization service KW - United States -- Foreign relations KW - Immigration and emigration -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59747038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B27&rft.isbn=0160542391&rft.btitle=Annual+refugee+consultation%3A+hearing%2C+August+1%2C+1995%2C+on+examining+the+president%27s+fiscal+year+1996+budget+request+for+refugee+admissions&rft.title=Annual+refugee+consultation%3A+hearing%2C+August+1%2C+1995%2C+on+examining+the+president%27s+fiscal+year+1996+budget+request+for+refugee+admissions&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054239-1) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The Housing for Older Persons Act of 1995: hearing, August 1, 1995. on H.R. 660, an Act to amend the Fair Housing Act to modify the exemption from certain familial status discrimination prohibitions granted to housing for older persons T2 - 104th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 104-802 Serial no. J-104-37 AN - 59746754; 1997-0609140 AB - Examines proposed legislation repealing the requirement that senior communities have significant facilities and services in 55 and older communities, and other issues. Some focus on problems of lower income 55 and older residents. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+57 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+57 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160542499 KW - Retirement communities -- United States KW - Old age -- Housing KW - Discrimination in housing -- United States KW - United States -- Housing policy KW - Housing -- United States -- Legislation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59746754?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B57&rft.isbn=0160542499&rft.btitle=The+Housing+for+Older+Persons+Act+of+1995%3A+hearing%2C+August+1%2C+1995.+on+H.R.+660%2C+an+Act+to+amend+the+Fair+Housing+Act+to+modify+the+exemption+from+certain+familial+status+discrimination+prohibitions+granted+to+housing+for+older+persons&rft.title=The+Housing+for+Older+Persons+Act+of+1995%3A+hearing%2C+August+1%2C+1995.+on+H.R.+660%2C+an+Act+to+amend+the+Fair+Housing+Act+to+modify+the+exemption+from+certain+familial+status+discrimination+prohibitions+granted+to+housing+for+older+persons&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054249-9) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - A proposed constitutional amendment to establish a bill of rights for crime victims: hearing, April 23, 1996, on S.J. Res. 52, a bill proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to protect the rights of victims of crime T2 - 104th Cong., 2d sess. Serial no. J-104-73 S. hearing 104-847 AN - 59746573; 1997-0712990 AB - On ensuring that the criminal justice system treats crime victims with fairness, decency, and compassion, and never exults the rights of criminals over the interests of victims. Emphasis on women and children who are victims of domestic violence. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+162 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+162 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160549906 KW - Women -- Crimes against KW - Victims of crime -- United States KW - Children -- Crimes against KW - Criminal justice -- United States KW - United States -- Constitution -- Amendments KW - Victims of crime -- Legal status, laws, etc. UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59746573?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B162&rft.isbn=0160549906&rft.btitle=A+proposed+constitutional+amendment+to+establish+a+bill+of+rights+for+crime+victims%3A+hearing%2C+April+23%2C+1996%2C+on+S.J.+Res.+52%2C+a+bill+proposing+an+amendment+to+the+Constitution+of+the+United+States+to+protect+the+rights+of+victims+of+crime&rft.title=A+proposed+constitutional+amendment+to+establish+a+bill+of+rights+for+crime+victims%3A+hearing%2C+April+23%2C+1996%2C+on+S.J.+Res.+52%2C+a+bill+proposing+an+amendment+to+the+Constitution+of+the+United+States+to+protect+the+rights+of+victims+of+crime&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054990-6) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Vice presidents of the United States, 1789-1993 T2 - 104th Cong., 2d sess. S. concurrent res. 34 S. doc. 104-26 AN - 59745838; 1997-0611350 AB - Biographies of the 44 former vice presidents. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. xxiii+596 pp. AU - Hatfield, Mark O Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - xxiii+596 PB - Superintendent of Documents KW - United States -- Vice president KW - Leadership -- United States KW - Politicians -- Biographies KW - United States -- Government and politics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59745838?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Hatfield%2C+Mark+O&rft.aulast=Hatfield&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=xxiii%2B596&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Vice+presidents+of+the+United+States%2C+1789-1993&rft.title=Vice+presidents+of+the+United+States%2C+1789-1993&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (LC 96-51492) pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), il(s), index(es) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Guns in schools: a federal role? hearing, July 18, 1995, on S.890, a bill to amend Title 18, United States Code, with respect to gun free schools, and for other purposes T2 - 104th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 104-782 Serial no. J-104-33 AN - 59745783; 1997-0604820 AB - Examines proposed legislation to eliminate guns from schools by bringing the Gun-Free School Zones Act into compliance with the decision of the US Supreme Court in United States v. Lopez. Focuses on possession of a handgun in a school district where the handgun is moved in interstate commerce. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+114 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+114 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160541557 KW - Interstate commerce -- United States KW - Federal and state relations -- United States KW - Firearms -- Regulation KW - School violence -- United States KW - United States -- Supreme court -- Decisions KW - Firearms -- United States -- Legislation KW - United States -- Law enforcement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59745783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B114&rft.isbn=0160541557&rft.btitle=Guns+in+schools%3A+a+federal+role%3F+hearing%2C+July+18%2C+1995%2C+on+S.890%2C+a+bill+to+amend+Title+18%2C+United+States+Code%2C+with+respect+to+gun+free+schools%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.title=Guns+in+schools%3A+a+federal+role%3F+hearing%2C+July+18%2C+1995%2C+on+S.890%2C+a+bill+to+amend+Title+18%2C+United+States+Code%2C+with+respect+to+gun+free+schools%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054155-7) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Salmon and steelhead recovery in the Pacific Northwest: hearing, June 11, 1996 T2 - 104th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 104-732 AN - 59745596; 1997-0311850 AB - Examines how the US Army Corps of Engineers operates federal dams on the Columbia and Snake River to preserve and protect salmon runs; importance of using "sound science" in making decisions on endangered species and dam operations. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+89 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+89 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160539897 KW - United States -- Environmental policy -- Decision-making KW - Endangered species -- United States -- Northwestern states KW - Columbia river KW - Snake river KW - United States -- Army -- Engineers corps KW - Northwestern states -- Environmental conditions KW - Salmon industry -- United States -- Northwestern states KW - Fisheries -- Conservation KW - United States -- Environmental policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59745596?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B89&rft.isbn=0160539897&rft.btitle=Salmon+and+steelhead+recovery+in+the+Pacific+Northwest%3A+hearing%2C+June+11%2C+1996&rft.title=Salmon+and+steelhead+recovery+in+the+Pacific+Northwest%3A+hearing%2C+June+11%2C+1996&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-053989-7) pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The federal raid on Ruby Ridge, ID: hearings, September 6-October 19, 1995, on examining certain federal law enforcement actions with regard to the 1992 incident at Ruby Ridge, ID T2 - 104th Cong., 1st sess. Serial no. J-104-41 S. hearing 104-799 AN - 59745548; 1997-0803280 AB - Examines activities of federal law enforcement agencies, including the US Marshals Service, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, and the FBI, before, during, and after the Aug. 1992 siege of the Weaver family in Idaho. Issues of entrapment of Randy Weaver, rules of engagement on the use of deadly force, as defined by the Fourth Amendment to the US Constitution, administrative accountability, and BATF, FBI, and Justice department coverups. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. vii+1136 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - vii+1136 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160543126 KW - United States marshals KW - Government investigations -- United States KW - Idaho -- Law enforcement KW - Government, Resistance to -- United States KW - United States -- Alcohol, tobacco, and firearms bureau KW - United States -- Federal bureau of investigation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59745548?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=vii%2B1136&rft.isbn=0160543126&rft.btitle=The+federal+raid+on+Ruby+Ridge%2C+ID%3A+hearings%2C+September+6-October+19%2C+1995%2C+on+examining+certain+federal+law+enforcement+actions+with+regard+to+the+1992+incident+at+Ruby+Ridge%2C+ID&rft.title=The+federal+raid+on+Ruby+Ridge%2C+ID%3A+hearings%2C+September+6-October+19%2C+1995%2C+on+examining+certain+federal+law+enforcement+actions+with+regard+to+the+1992+incident+at+Ruby+Ridge%2C+ID&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054312-6) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Scientific discoveries in cloning: challenges for public policy: hearing, March 12, 1997 T2 - 105th Cong., 1st sess. S. hearing 105-22 AN - 59744261; 1997-0809180 AB - Examines implications of cloning of an adult sheep, a mammal, for medical technology and transgenic biotechnology; role of federal government; and ethical, social, and legal issues for humans. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+87 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+87 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160549388 KW - United States -- Medical sector KW - Cloning -- Legal aspects KW - Bioethics -- United States KW - United States -- Science policy KW - Genetic research -- Legal aspects KW - Biotechnology -- United States KW - Embryology, Experimental -- United States KW - Medical research -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59744261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B87&rft.isbn=0160549388&rft.btitle=Scientific+discoveries+in+cloning%3A+challenges+for+public+policy%3A+hearing%2C+March+12%2C+1997&rft.title=Scientific+discoveries+in+cloning%3A+challenges+for+public+policy%3A+hearing%2C+March+12%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054938-8) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Combating violence against women: hearing, May 15, 1996, on S. 1729, a bill to amend Title 18, United States Code, with respect to stalking T2 - 104th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 104-842 Serial no. J-104-81 AN - 59741599; 1997-0802220 AB - Proposed legislation which makes it a felony to cross a state line with intent to injure, harass, or stalk a victim. Some emphasis on domestic and sexual violence. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+94 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+94 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160549744 KW - Women -- Crimes against KW - Victims of crime -- United States KW - Violence -- United States KW - Family violence -- United States KW - Sexual harassment -- United States KW - Stalking (crime) -- United States KW - Sex crimes -- United States KW - United States -- Law enforcement KW - Harassment -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59741599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B94&rft.isbn=0160549744&rft.btitle=Combating+violence+against+women%3A+hearing%2C+May+15%2C+1996%2C+on+S.+1729%2C+a+bill+to+amend+Title+18%2C+United+States+Code%2C+with+respect+to+stalking&rft.title=Combating+violence+against+women%3A+hearing%2C+May+15%2C+1996%2C+on+S.+1729%2C+a+bill+to+amend+Title+18%2C+United+States+Code%2C+with+respect+to+stalking&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054974-4) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act: hearing, September 18, 1996, on S. 1920, to amend the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act, and for other purposes T2 - 104th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 104-763 AN - 59737584; 1997-0703760 AB - Whether proposed amendments to ANILCA would undermine the 1980 compromise that lands be placed in conservation system units; effect of opening these units to more roads, pipelines, and access rights, creation of a "permit lifestyle" for traditional activities, and other issues. Focuses on negative impact of federal bureaucracy on state resource management. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iii+73 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iii+73 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160540992 KW - Public lands -- United States -- Alaska KW - Land utilization -- United States -- Alaska KW - Public lands -- Regulation KW - Alaska -- Environmental policy -- Legislation KW - Wilderness areas -- United States -- Alaska UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59737584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B73&rft.isbn=0160540992&rft.btitle=Alaska+National+Interest+Lands+Conservation+Act%3A+hearing%2C+September+18%2C+1996%2C+on+S.+1920%2C+to+amend+the+Alaska+National+Interest+Lands+Conservation+Act%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.title=Alaska+National+Interest+Lands+Conservation+Act%3A+hearing%2C+September+18%2C+1996%2C+on+S.+1920%2C+to+amend+the+Alaska+National+Interest+Lands+Conservation+Act%2C+and+for+other+purposes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054099-2) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Youth violence: hearings, July 15-17, 1995, on focusing on the cause of juvenile crime and the need for juvenile justice reform T2 - 104th Cong., 1st sess. Serial no. J-104-32 S. hearing 104-764 AN - 59734370; 1997-0602420 AB - Examines the problem and educational and legislative reforms suggested as preventive measures; focuses on Dover and Wilmington, Delaware. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+189 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+189 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160541727 KW - Dover, Delaware -- Social conditions KW - Juvenile delinquents -- United States -- Delaware KW - Wilmington, Delaware -- Social conditions KW - United States -- Social conditions KW - Crime prevention -- United States -- Delaware KW - Delaware -- Social policy KW - Delaware -- Law enforcement KW - Violence -- United States -- Delaware KW - Youth and law -- United States -- Delaware UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59734370?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B189&rft.isbn=0160541727&rft.btitle=Youth+violence%3A+hearings%2C+July+15-17%2C+1995%2C+on+focusing+on+the+cause+of+juvenile+crime+and+the+need+for+juvenile+justice+reform&rft.title=Youth+violence%3A+hearings%2C+July+15-17%2C+1995%2C+on+focusing+on+the+cause+of+juvenile+crime+and+the+need+for+juvenile+justice+reform&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054172-7) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - ISTEA: role of federal, state, and local governments in surface transportation: hearing, September 11, 1996, on Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) T2 - 104th Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 104-745 AN - 59734064; 1997-0603680 AB - In reference to reauthorization of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1997. iv+178 pp. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - iv+178 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160540216 KW - Intergovernmental fiscal relations -- United States KW - Intergovernmental relations -- United States KW - Regional planning -- Transportation aspects KW - United States -- Transportation sector KW - Transportation -- United States -- Legislation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59734064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B178&rft.isbn=0160540216&rft.btitle=ISTEA%3A+role+of+federal%2C+state%2C+and+local+governments+in+surface+transportation%3A+hearing%2C+September+11%2C+1996%2C+on+Intermodal+Surface+Transportation+Efficiency+Act+of+1991+%28ISTEA%29&rft.title=ISTEA%3A+role+of+federal%2C+state%2C+and+local+governments+in+surface+transportation%3A+hearing%2C+September+11%2C+1996%2C+on+Intermodal+Surface+Transportation+Efficiency+Act+of+1991+%28ISTEA%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-054021-6) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Group work practice in the community: navigating the slippery slope of ethical dilemmas AN - 57427005; 106567 AB - Addresses 3 major ethical issues, including confidentiality; selfdetermination; and conflict of interest. Examples of ethical dilemmas are presented, as well as suggestions for ways the social group worker can resolve these issues. Provides guidelines to help social workers. (Original abstract - amended) JF - Social Work with Groups AU - Congress, E P AU - Lynn, M Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 SP - 61 EP - 74 VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0160-9513, 0160-9513 KW - USA KW - Group work KW - Ethical dilemmas KW - Guidelines KW - Social work UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57427005?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aassia&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Work+with+Groups&rft.atitle=Group+work+practice+in+the+community%3A+navigating+the+slippery+slope+of+ethical+dilemmas&rft.au=Congress%2C+E+P%3BLynn%2C+M&rft.aulast=Congress&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Social+Work+with+Groups&rft.issn=01609513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) N1 - Date revised - 2001-08-07 N1 - Document feature - refs. N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - CODEN - SWGRDU N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Social work; Group work; Ethical dilemmas; Guidelines; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Digital program of the Geography & Map Division, Library of Congress AN - 52574795; 1998-051555 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Fitzpatrick, Gary L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 172 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 29 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - libraries KW - Center for Geographic Information KW - Library of Congress KW - maps KW - Geography and Map Division KW - collections KW - 14:Geologic maps UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52574795?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Digital+program+of+the+Geography+%26amp%3B+Map+Division%2C+Library+of+Congress&rft.au=Fitzpatrick%2C+Gary+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Fitzpatrick&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=172&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 1997 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Center for Geographic Information; collections; Geography and Map Division; libraries; Library of Congress; maps ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The digital program of the Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress AN - 52536995; 1999-002012 JF - Proceedings - Geoscience Information Society AU - Fitzpatrick, Gary L A2 - Manson, Connie J. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 67 EP - 69 PB - Geoscience Information Society, [location varies] VL - 28 SN - 0072-1409, 0072-1409 KW - geographic information systems KW - Library of Congress KW - digital simulation KW - information systems KW - Geography and Map Division KW - World Wide Web KW - 15:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52536995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+-+Geoscience+Information+Society&rft.atitle=The+digital+program+of+the+Geography+and+Map+Division%2C+Library+of+Congress&rft.au=Fitzpatrick%2C+Gary+L&rft.aulast=Fitzpatrick&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+-+Geoscience+Information+Society&rft.issn=00721409&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 32nd meeting of the Geoscience Information Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GISPAL N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - digital simulation; geographic information systems; Geography and Map Division; information systems; Library of Congress; World Wide Web ER - TY - RPRT T1 - 90074; nuclear weapons production complex; environmental compliance and waste management AN - 52526277; 1999-000165 AB - The aging nuclear weapons production complex, managed by the Department of Energy (DOE), faces enormous environmental and waste management problems. Several hundred billion dollars may be needed to clean up leaking waste pits, groundwater contamination, growing accumulations of radioactive - waste, and uncontrolled liquid discharges at DOE facilities. DOE's cleanup program is carried out by the Office of Environmental Management (EM). Cleanup funding escalated rapidly after the end of the Cold War, although it has plateaued at about $6 billion per year under the Clinton Administration. Congress has expressed growing concern about the rising costs of DOE's cleanup program. A major cost driver has been environmental regulations and cleanup schedules that the Department is required to meet, although DOE also has been accused of poorly managing many projects and allowing costs to escalate unnecessarily. DOE's environmental program consists of a variety of major activities, including environmental restoration, waste management, development of new cleanup technology, and stabilization of surplus nuclear material and facilities. Environmental restoration involves cleanup and mitigation of past environmental contamination and uncontained waste sites, including decontamination and decommissioning of permanently closed DOE facilities. JF - 90074; nuclear weapons production complex; environmental compliance and waste management AU - Holt, M Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - January 1997 SP - 15 KW - United States KW - monitoring KW - isotopes KW - explosions KW - site exploration KW - pollutants KW - regulations KW - pollution KW - production KW - cost KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - waste management KW - radioactive isotopes KW - military geology KW - planning KW - decontamination KW - policy KW - nuclear facilities KW - nuclear explosions KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52526277?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Holt%2C+M&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=90074%3B+nuclear+weapons+production+complex%3B+environmental+compliance+and+waste+management&rft.title=90074%3B+nuclear+weapons+production+complex%3B+environmental+compliance+and+waste+management&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from NTIS database, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA, United States N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Availability - National Technical Information Service, (703)605-6000, order number AD-A323 724/5NEG, Springfield, VA, United States N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan country studies.Ed. Glenn E.Curtis AN - 43954306; M208006 AU - Curtis, Glenn E. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 1 EP - 565 PB - Federal Research Division, Library of Congress KW - Central Asia (general) - modern KW - Kazakhstan KW - Kyrgyzstan KW - Tajikistan KW - Turkmenistan KW - Uzbekistan KW - CAS.GTE:Central Asia Geography&environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/43954306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Index+Islamicus&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Curtis%2C+Glenn+E.&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Kazakstan%2C+Kyrgyzstan%2C+Tajikistan%2C+Turkmenistan%2C+and+Uzbekistan+country+studies.Ed.+Glenn+E.Curtis&rft.title=Kazakstan%2C+Kyrgyzstan%2C+Tajikistan%2C+Turkmenistan%2C+and+Uzbekistan+country+studies.Ed.+Glenn+E.Curtis&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Index Islamicus N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-11 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Turkmenistan T2 - Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan country studies.Ed. G.E.Curtis BT - ItemValueImpl ( label = Publication title value = [Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan country studies.Ed. G.E.Curtis] blockName = text mnemonic = pub mnemonicSearchType = ExactMatch template = null ) AN - 43952790; A208193 JF - Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan country studies.Ed. G.E.Curtis AU - Clark, Larry AU - Thurman, J. Michael AU - Tyson, David Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 291 EP - 373 PB - Federal Research Division, Library of Congress KW - Turkmenistan KW - CAS.TKM:Turkmenistan UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/43952790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Index+Islamicus&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Turkmenistan&rft.au=Clark%2C+Larry%3BThurman%2C+J.+Michael%3BTyson%2C+David&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Kazakstan%2C+Kyrgyzstan%2C+Tajikistan%2C+Turkmenistan%2C+and+Uzbekistan+country+studies.Ed.+G.E.Curtis&rft.title=Kazakstan%2C+Kyrgyzstan%2C+Tajikistan%2C+Turkmenistan%2C+and+Uzbekistan+country+studies.Ed.+G.E.Curtis&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Index Islamicus N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-11 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Kazakstan T2 - Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan country studies.Ed. G.E.Curtis BT - ItemValueImpl ( label = Publication title value = [Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan country studies.Ed. G.E.Curtis] blockName = text mnemonic = pub mnemonicSearchType = ExactMatch template = null ) AN - 43952674; A208165 JF - Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan country studies.Ed. G.E.Curtis AU - Olcott, M.B. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 1 EP - 98 PB - Federal Research Division, Library of Congress KW - Kazakhstan KW - CAS.KAZ.SOC:Kazakhstan Social studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/43952674?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Index+Islamicus&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Kazakstan&rft.au=Olcott%2C+M.B.&rft.aulast=Olcott&rft.aufirst=M.B.&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Kazakstan%2C+Kyrgyzstan%2C+Tajikistan%2C+Turkmenistan%2C+and+Uzbekistan+country+studies.Ed.+G.E.Curtis&rft.title=Kazakstan%2C+Kyrgyzstan%2C+Tajikistan%2C+Turkmenistan%2C+and+Uzbekistan+country+studies.Ed.+G.E.Curtis&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Index Islamicus N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-11 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Kyrgyzstan T2 - Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan country studies.Ed. G.E.Curtis BT - ItemValueImpl ( label = Publication title value = [Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan country studies.Ed. G.E.Curtis] blockName = text mnemonic = pub mnemonicSearchType = ExactMatch template = null ) AN - 43951789; A208249 JF - Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan country studies.Ed. G.E.Curtis AU - (Olcott, M.B.) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 99 EP - 193 PB - Federal Research Division, Library of Congress KW - Kyrgyzstan KW - CAS.KGZ:Kyrgyzstan UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/43951789?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Index+Islamicus&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Kyrgyzstan&rft.au=%28Olcott%2C+M.B.%29&rft.aulast=%28Olcott&rft.aufirst=M.B.%29&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Kazakstan%2C+Kyrgyzstan%2C+Tajikistan%2C+Turkmenistan%2C+and+Uzbekistan+country+studies.Ed.+G.E.Curtis&rft.title=Kazakstan%2C+Kyrgyzstan%2C+Tajikistan%2C+Turkmenistan%2C+and+Uzbekistan+country+studies.Ed.+G.E.Curtis&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Index Islamicus N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-11 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Tajikistan T2 - Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan country studies.Ed. G.E.Curtis BT - ItemValueImpl ( label = Publication title value = [Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan country studies.Ed. G.E.Curtis] blockName = text mnemonic = pub mnemonicSearchType = ExactMatch template = null ) AN - 43949782; A207982 JF - Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan country studies.Ed. G.E.Curtis AU - Atkin, Muriel Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 195 EP - 290 PB - Federal Research Division, Library of Congress KW - Tajikistan KW - CAS.TJK:Tajikistan UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/43949782?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Index+Islamicus&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Tajikistan&rft.au=Atkin%2C+Muriel&rft.aulast=Atkin&rft.aufirst=Muriel&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Kazakstan%2C+Kyrgyzstan%2C+Tajikistan%2C+Turkmenistan%2C+and+Uzbekistan+country+studies.Ed.+G.E.Curtis&rft.title=Kazakstan%2C+Kyrgyzstan%2C+Tajikistan%2C+Turkmenistan%2C+and+Uzbekistan+country+studies.Ed.+G.E.Curtis&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Index Islamicus N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-11 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Uzbekistan T2 - Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan country studies.Ed. G.E.Curtis BT - ItemValueImpl ( label = Publication title value = [Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan country studies.Ed. G.E.Curtis] blockName = text mnemonic = pub mnemonicSearchType = ExactMatch template = null ) AN - 43942827; A208206 JF - Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan country studies.Ed. G.E.Curtis AU - (Lubin, N.) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 375 EP - 468 PB - Federal Research Division, Library of Congress KW - Uzbekistan KW - CAS.UZB.SOC:Uzbekistan Social studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/43942827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Index+Islamicus&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Uzbekistan&rft.au=%28Lubin%2C+N.%29&rft.aulast=%28Lubin&rft.aufirst=N.%29&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Kazakstan%2C+Kyrgyzstan%2C+Tajikistan%2C+Turkmenistan%2C+and+Uzbekistan+country+studies.Ed.+G.E.Curtis&rft.title=Kazakstan%2C+Kyrgyzstan%2C+Tajikistan%2C+Turkmenistan%2C+and+Uzbekistan+country+studies.Ed.+G.E.Curtis&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Index Islamicus N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Finland and the Finns. A selective bibliography AN - 38983265; 1986293 JF - Eurasian studies yearbook AU - Bako, Elemer AU - Kovács, László AU - Kovács, László Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 217 EP - 218 PB - Library of Congress VL - 69 SN - 0042-0786, 0042-0786 KW - Anthropology KW - Finland KW - Bibliographies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/38983265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurasian+studies+yearbook&rft.atitle=Finland+and+the+Finns.+A+selective+bibliography&rft.au=Bako%2C+Elemer%3BKov%C3%A1cs%2C+L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3&rft.aulast=Bako&rft.aufirst=Elemer&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eurasian+studies+yearbook&rft.issn=00420786&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 1571 10685 1706 7464; 132 302 129 370 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Interaction of humic substances with trace metals: implications for growth of the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum AN - 20368917; 7726913 AB - Blooms of the toxic, PSP-producing dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium catenatum, are annually recurrent events in south-east Tasmanian waters. Extensive blooms are preceded by a rainfall "trigger" and the associated influx of humic substances (HS) from land runoff (Hallegraeff et al. 1995). Culture studies were conducted to investigate the potential nutritive influence of HS on G. catenatum. Using a seawater-based growth medium (28 ppt), enriched with nutrients but no HS, the trace element Seleniufli (Se; 10 super(-9) M H sub(2)SeO sub(3)) lirDits growth ( mu ) and biomass (N, chl-a). Addition of HS (Suwannee River Humic Acid available from the International Humic Substances Society or dissolved organic Carbon (DOC) isolated from Huon River water by ultrafiltration), causes a 35% and 90% reduction in G. catenatum growth and biomass respectively. In contrast, growth and biomass of G. catenatum is increased by approximately 15% and 45-70% (respectively) when HS are added to cultures in the absence of any other chelators or accociated trace metals. Under these conditions, biomass is limited by the macronutrients NO sub(3) and PO sub(4), indicating that HS (especially DOC) increases the supply of Se to G. catenatum. The importance of Se for G. catenatum growth and the fact that land runoff can increase coastal Se levels, may be critical in bloom initiation. This work supports the widely accepted hypothesis that HS alter the supply of trace metals available for algal growth. From these observations it is clear that the outcome of humic-metal interactions on algal growth is variable, and depends on the composition and amount of humic additives, the concentration of trace metals in solution and the species-specific cellular metal requirements. JF - VIII International conference on Harmful algae - Abstracts and Posters Classification. AU - Doblin, MA AU - Hallegraef, G M AU - Blackburn, SI A2 - Reguera, B (Ed) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 EP - vp PB - Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, Centro Oceanografico de Vigo, Vigo (Espana) KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Marine KW - Gymnodinium catenatum KW - Biological poisons KW - Biomass KW - Selenium KW - Growth KW - Sea water KW - Filtration KW - Carbon KW - Cultures KW - Nutrients (mineral) KW - Trace metals KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20368917?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aquatic+Science+%26+Fisheries+Abstracts+%28ASFA%29+3%3A+Aquatic+Pollution+%26+Environmental+Quality&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Doblin%2C+MA%3BHallegraef%2C+G+M%3BBlackburn%2C+SI&rft.aulast=Doblin&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=vp&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Interaction+of+humic+substances+with+trace+metals%3A+implications+for+growth+of+the+toxic+dinoflagellate+Gymnodinium+catenatum&rft.title=Interaction+of+humic+substances+with+trace+metals%3A+implications+for+growth+of+the+toxic+dinoflagellate+Gymnodinium+catenatum&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-12-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Physical medium: Printed matter; Summary only N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - South Australia's blue crab fishery the process of recognition AN - 19238124; 5818604 AB - Fisheries Manager Primary Industries The Blue Crab fishery in South Australia is based upon the taking of the blue crab (Portunus pelagicus). Since the 1970's the fishery has developed from what was a highly seasonal non-target fishery, into what today is a fishery reaching the final stages of recognition as a specialist fishery with its own specific scheme of management regulation. The development of a specialist blue crab fishery has been a slow and at times uncertain process of determining whether the establishment of a sustainable output controlled fishery was the best management arrangement for the fishery. This process has been marked by significant changes in access entitlements to a range of commercial groups. These changes have been driven by considerations such as regional fishery collapses and the need to support development with greater market stability. There has been an exhaustive consultative process in order to ensure a negotiated outcome that endeavoured to meet the legislative obligations of resource protection, economic efficiency and equitable allocation. JF - Proceedings of the First National Workshop on Blue Swimmer Crab Portunus pelagicus. AU - McDonald, N Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 11 EP - 25 PB - SARDI, West Beach (Australia) SN - 0730852148 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Fishery economics KW - Marine KW - Policies KW - Resource management KW - ISEW, Australia KW - Fishery policy KW - Portunus pelagicus KW - Fishery management KW - Crab fisheries KW - Exploitation KW - Resource development KW - Legislation KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Q1 08261:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19238124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aquatic+Science+%26+Fisheries+Abstracts+%28ASFA%29+3%3A+Aquatic+Pollution+%26+Environmental+Quality&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=McDonald%2C+N&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=0730852148&rft.btitle=South+Australia%27s+blue+crab+fishery+the+process+of+recognition&rft.title=South+Australia%27s+blue+crab+fishery+the+process+of+recognition&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Physical medium: Printed matter; Incls. 110 refs N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Socialism is as relevant as ever AN - 1839942034 JF - The African Communist Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 5 CY - London PB - South African Communist Party VL - 0 SN - 0001-9976 KW - Political Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1839942034?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apio&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+African+Communist&rft.atitle=Socialism+is+as+relevant+as+ever&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=0&rft.issue=&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+African+Communist&rft.issn=00019976&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2016-11-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predation by House Cats, Felis catus (L.), in Canberra, Australia. I. Prey Composition and Preference AN - 17918130; 5160418 AB - Studies of predation by house cats in Australia have not attempted to compare the composition of prey taken by cats with the relative availability of prey. Information on the composition of vertebrate prey caught by house cats in Canberra was collected by recording prey deposited at cat owners' residences over 12 months. A total of 1961 prey representing 67 species were collected or reported. In all, 64% of prey were introduced mammals, especially mice and rats, with birds comprising 27% (14% native, 10% introduced, 3% unidentified), reptiles 7%, amphibians 1% and native mammals 1%. Predatory behaviour by house cats appeared largely opportunistic with respect to spatial (habitat) and temporal (daily and seasonal) prey availability and accessibility, although there is mounting evidence from this and other studies that small mammals are the preferred prey. While this means that introduced mice and rats are common prey of house cats in urban and suburban environments, it also suggests that in relatively undisturbed environments adjoining new residential developments, predation by house cats may have a substantial impact on locally abundant, patchily distributed populations of native fauna, particularly mammals. Imposing night-time curfews on cats is likely to lessen predation of mammals but will probably not greatly reduce predation of birds or reptiles. JF - Wildlife Research AU - Barratt, D G AD - Forest Biodiversity Directorate, Australian Nature Conservation Agency, GPO Box 636, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 263 EP - 277 VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 1035-3712, 1035-3712 KW - House cat KW - domestic cat KW - Australia, Canberra KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Felis catus KW - Predation KW - Feral populations KW - Urban environments KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17918130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Research&rft.atitle=Predation+by+House+Cats%2C+Felis+catus+%28L.%29%2C+in+Canberra%2C+Australia.+I.+Prey+Composition+and+Preference&rft.au=Barratt%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Barratt&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Research&rft.issn=10353712&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Felis catus; Predation; Feral populations; Urban environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Impact of Anticipatory Grief on Caregivers of Persons with Alzheimer's Disease AN - 1761701304; 199803494 AB - Examines anticipatory grief & its possible impact on the current functioning of caregivers of Alzheimer's patients. Structured interviews conducted with 100 caregivers show that physical & emotional problems & the expectation to place the patient out of the home were more likely to occur among those caregivers who expressed the most intense grief, & those feelings of remorse & anger characteristic of the anger & guilt stages of grief. 2 Tables, 2 Figures, 54 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Home Health Care Services Quarterly AU - Walker, Rebecca J AU - Pomeroy, Elizabeth C AD - 907 South Congress Ave, Austin TX 78704 Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 SP - 55 EP - 76 VL - 16 IS - 1-2 SN - 0162-1424, 0162-1424 KW - Caregivers KW - Alzheimer's Disease KW - Grief KW - article KW - 6127: social gerontology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1761701304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Home+Health+Care+Services+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+Anticipatory+Grief+on+Caregivers+of+Persons+with+Alzheimer%27s+Disease&rft.au=Walker%2C+Rebecca+J%3BPomeroy%2C+Elizabeth+C&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Home+Health+Care+Services+Quarterly&rft.issn=01621424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2016-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Grief; Alzheimer's Disease; Caregivers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Value Dilemmas of Faculty Advising: Significant Issues in a Code of Ethics for Faculty Advisors AN - 1761698364; 199700721 AB - Explores the administrative, educational, & supportive roles of the faculty advisor, the inherent conflicts that develop, & their effects on the ethical advising of social work students. Similar to the classroom teacher, the faculty advisor can positively model ethical social work practice to students. Case examples from faculty advisors are used to study ethical dilemmas that arise in promoting social work values of self-determination & confidentiality. Recommendations are made to promote ethical practice among faculty advisors, & a code of ethics is outlined. 29 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Journal of Teaching in Social Work AU - Congress, Elaine P AD - Graduate School Social Service Fordham U, New York NY 10023-7479 Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 SP - 89 EP - 110 VL - 14 IS - 1-2 SN - 0884-1233, 0884-1233 KW - social work faculty advisor roles, ethical dilemmas KW - case examples KW - Professional Ethics KW - Social Work Education KW - Advisors KW - Counseling KW - College Faculty KW - article KW - 6150: professional issues in social work UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1761698364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Teaching+in+Social+Work&rft.atitle=The+Value+Dilemmas+of+Faculty+Advising%3A+Significant+Issues+in+a+Code+of+Ethics+for+Faculty+Advisors&rft.au=Congress%2C+Elaine+P&rft.aulast=Congress&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Teaching+in+Social+Work&rft.issn=08841233&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2016-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - College Faculty; Counseling; Social Work Education; Professional Ethics; Advisors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A mixing criterion for turbid rivers AN - 16560703; 4406805 AB - A criterion for the formation/destruction of thermal stratification in turbid rivers is developed and tested against an extensive data set in a weir pool on the Murrumbidgee River, Australia. The criterion estimates whether a river section would stratify or not, subject to a prescribed heat flux through the water surface and a prescribed river flow. It can be determined from readily accessible parameters, including solar radiation, turbidity, wind speed and river discharge. It is suggested that this simple mixing criterion be used as a flow management tool in a variety of water quality applications in rivers. JF - Environmental Modelling & Software with Environment Data News AU - Bormans, M AU - Webster, I T AD - CSIRO, Land and Water, Environmental Mechanics Laboratory, Black Mountain, Canberra GPO Box 1666 ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 329 EP - 333 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 1364-8152, 1364-8152 KW - Australia, Murrumbidgee R. KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - River flow KW - River discharge KW - Freshwater KW - Solar radiation KW - Stream flow KW - Weirs KW - Wind speed KW - Flow control KW - Thermal stratification KW - Turbidity KW - Wind KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16560703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Modelling+%26+Software+with+Environment+Data+News&rft.atitle=A+mixing+criterion+for+turbid+rivers&rft.au=Bormans%2C+M%3BWebster%2C+I+T&rft.aulast=Bormans&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Modelling+%26+Software+with+Environment+Data+News&rft.issn=13648152&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind speed; Weirs; River flow; River discharge; Solar radiation; Thermal stratification; Wind; Turbidity; Stream flow; Flow control; Australia, Murrumbidgee R.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature tolerances of toxic dinoflagellate cysts: application to the treatment of ships' ballast water AN - 16522313; 4306247 AB - Using toxic dinoflagellates and their resistant resting cysts as model organisms, we demonstrate the potential of heat treatment as a method to minimise the transport of harmful aquatic organisms via ships' ballast water. Vegetative dinoflagellate cultures of Gymnodinium catenatum could be readily killed using temperatures as low as 35 degree C and treatment times in the range 30 minutes to 5 h. The resistant resting cysts (hypnozygotes) of G. catenatum were killed after 2 h at 35 degree C and the cysts of Alexandrium catenella were killed after 4.5 h at 38 degree C. A careful assessment of various waste heat sources on the BHP bulk carrier 'Iron Whyalla' has confirmed the practicability of this approach, and a successful pilot heat treatment plant was trialled on-board ship in April 1997. JF - Aquatic Ecology AU - Hallegraeff, G M AU - Valentine, J P AU - Marshall, J-A AU - Bolch, C J AD - Department of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-55, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 47 EP - 52 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 1386-2588, 1386-2588 KW - dinoflagellates KW - heat treatments KW - ships KW - Oceanic Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Ships KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Water treatment KW - Dinoflagellates KW - Transport processes KW - Gymnodinium catenatum KW - Temperature KW - Alexandrium catenella KW - Pest control KW - Cysts KW - Ballast tanks KW - Toxins KW - Heat treatments KW - Introduced species KW - Ballast KW - Pollution control KW - Temperature tolerance KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - D 04700:Management KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16522313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Ecology&rft.atitle=Temperature+tolerances+of+toxic+dinoflagellate+cysts%3A+application+to+the+treatment+of+ships%27+ballast+water&rft.au=Hallegraeff%2C+G+M%3BValentine%2C+J+P%3BMarshall%2C+J-A%3BBolch%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Hallegraeff&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Ecology&rft.issn=13862588&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ships; Temperature; Pest control; Cysts; Wastewater treatment; Ballast tanks; Toxins; Water treatment; Transport processes; Introduced species; Ballast; Temperature tolerance; Pollution control; Dinoflagellates; Heat treatments; Gymnodinium catenatum; Alexandrium catenella ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Australia. Progress report on cetacean research, May 1995 to May 1996 AN - 16485522; 4365240 AB - This report is compiled by the Australian Nature Conservation Agency (ANCA) from responses received to a request for input from all known active cetacean researchers, State and Territory agencies with cetacean management responsibilities, research institutions and museums, and is augmented by other reports and information submitted to ANCA. Species and stocks studied (1) Southern right whale, Eubalaena australis - southern coast of Australia. (2) Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae - east and west coasts of Australia. (3) Minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata (dwarf form) - northeast Australia. (4) Pygmy right whale, Caperea marginata - South Australia. (5) Bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus; Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphin, Sousa chinensis; Irrawaddy dolphin, Orcaella brevirostris; and Common dolphin, Delphinus delphis - various populations. (6) Various other cetacean species sighted or stranded around the Australian coast. JF - Forty-Seventh Report of the International Whaling Commission (Covering the Forty-Seventh Financial Year 1995-1996). AU - Pirzl, R AU - Anderson, GRV Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 8 EP - 330 PB - International Whaling Commission, [URL:http://ourworld.compuserve.com//homepages/iwcoffice] SN - 0906975387 KW - Bottle-nosed dolphin KW - Cetaceans KW - Humpback whale KW - IWC KW - Minke whale KW - Pygmy right whale KW - Saddle-backed dolphin KW - Sighting data KW - Whales KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Resource management KW - Orcaella brevirostris KW - Eubalaena australis KW - Tursiops truncatus KW - Stock assessment KW - Australia Coasts KW - Megaptera novaeangliae KW - Caperea marginata KW - Stranding KW - Distribution records KW - Sousa chinensis KW - Marine mammals KW - Nature conservation KW - Delphinus delphis KW - Census KW - Population structure KW - Balaenoptera acutorostrata KW - Cetacea KW - Biology KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Q1 08441:Population structure KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - O 1050:Vertebrates, Urochordates and Cephalochordates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16485522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aquatic+Science+%26+Fisheries+Abstracts+%28ASFA%29+3%3A+Aquatic+Pollution+%26+Environmental+Quality&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Pirzl%2C+R%3BAnderson%2C+GRV&rft.aulast=Pirzl&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=0906975387&rft.btitle=Australia.+Progress+report+on+cetacean+research%2C+May+1995+to+May+1996&rft.title=Australia.+Progress+report+on+cetacean+research%2C+May+1995+to+May+1996&rft.issn=01438700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CMSS: policy analysis software for catchment managers AN - 16458160; 4357734 AB - This paper describes a computer program that analyses the likely effects of proposed land use and land management policies on the nutrient loads delivered to rivers. The program was designed to meet the needs of catchment management groups that are developing policies and this perspective led to the inclusion of some novel features in the program. These features include a contextual database, a language for representing policies and a simple explanatory capability in the model. A very simple model is used to predict nutrient loads. The paper describes the formalism of the model, the syntax for expressing policies and the link between these policies and the model. JF - ENVIRON. MODEL. SOFTWARE ENVIRON. DATA NEWS AU - Davis, J R AU - Farley, TFN AD - CSIRO Land and Water, GPO Box 1666, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 197 EP - 210 VL - 12 IS - 2-3 SN - 1364-8152, 1364-8152 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16458160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ENVIRON.+MODEL.+SOFTWARE+ENVIRON.+DATA+NEWS&rft.atitle=CMSS%3A+policy+analysis+software+for+catchment+managers&rft.au=Davis%2C+J+R%3BFarley%2C+TFN&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ENVIRON.+MODEL.+SOFTWARE+ENVIRON.+DATA+NEWS&rft.issn=13648152&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Non-CO sub(2) emitting renewable energy sources in Nepal: problems and prospects AN - 16456527; 4380590 AB - The renewable energy sources of Nepal is highlighted. The huge hydro-power potential of Nepal is explained. The problems associated with its wide exploitation are given. Nepal's contribution to the global greenhouse effect through the emission of CO2, CH4 and CFSs from industrial emissions(cement, brick, and other factories), automotive vehicles, indoor biomass combustion, outdoor biomass combustion, petroleum products consumption and fuel based thermal plant generating 85 GWh is estimated. Equivalent CO2 saved by hydro and PV power is analyzed. Per capita consumption of CO2 is mentioned. Early precaution needed to be taken in reducing CO2 emissions from different sources is highlighted. JF - ENERGY CONVERS. MANAGE. AU - Shrestha, J N AU - Kojima, T Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - S685 EP - S689 VL - 38 KW - Nepal KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16456527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ENERGY+CONVERS.+MANAGE.&rft.atitle=Non-CO+sub%282%29+emitting+renewable+energy+sources+in+Nepal%3A+problems+and+prospects&rft.au=Shrestha%2C+J+N%3BKojima%2C+T&rft.aulast=Shrestha&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S685&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ENERGY+CONVERS.+MANAGE.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Delivering environmental decision support systems: software tools and techniques AN - 16454031; 4357762 AB - A suite of 'desirable features' for Environmental Decision Support Systems (EDSS) is proposed by identifying the general attributes of environmental systems which are of importance to modelling and simulation, and the different categories of users of EDSSs. With these features as a guide, a review and discussion of the approaches to delivering Environmental Decision Support Systems is presented. The two most efficient approaches are: (i) the use of modelling and simulation software tools, and (ii) the use of model integration and re-use techniques. A review of the currently available software tools for environmental modelling and simulation is therefore presented, and an overview of the current research activities in model integration and re-use is provided. Numerous existing EDSS are used as examples of the different approaches throughout the review. The review highlights the advantages and disadvantages of the two main approaches to EDSS delivery, and subsequently discusses the role emerging information technologies may play in the future delivery of EDSS. The paper concludes that while the available software for modelling and simulation is very advanced, some of the desirable features of EDSS (such as representation of spatial data and provision of expert help) cannot be easily delivered using such software. JF - ENVIRON. MODEL. SOFTWARE ENVIRON. DATA NEWS AU - Rizzoli, A E AU - Young, W J AD - CSIRO Land and Water, GPO Box 1666, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 237 EP - 249 VL - 12 IS - 2-3 SN - 1364-8152, 1364-8152 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16454031?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ENVIRON.+MODEL.+SOFTWARE+ENVIRON.+DATA+NEWS&rft.atitle=Delivering+environmental+decision+support+systems%3A+software+tools+and+techniques&rft.au=Rizzoli%2C+A+E%3BYoung%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Rizzoli&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ENVIRON.+MODEL.+SOFTWARE+ENVIRON.+DATA+NEWS&rft.issn=13648152&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Role of plant uptake on nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands located in the tropics AN - 16402579; 4286751 AB - Major interactive components of the constructed wetlands such as aquatic vegetation, substratum, water, microorganisms and animals play significant roles in the treatment of wastewaters. For nitrogen (N) removal, a sequential nitrification/denitrification reaction and plant uptake are two major treatment mechanisms, while NH sub(3) volatilization is considered to be insignificant under the liquid pH lower than 8. In this research, both laboratory- and pilot-scale constructed wetlands were operated in the free water surface (FWS) mode. In order to investigate the role of plant uptake of N, narrow-leave cattails (Typha augustifolia) were planted at the initial density of 35 rhizomes/m super(2). Based on N mass balance, approximately 50% of the total nitrogen (TN) loaded into the constructed wetlands, operating at the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2-10 days, was accounted for by the amount of N assimilation into the plant tissues, resulting in the total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies of 40-70% and 71-83%, respectively. To further investigate the role of plant uptake, the cattail plants harvested at the intervals of 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of operation resulted in the TN removal efficiencies of 73, 78, 86 and 80%, respectively. The constructed wetland unit having the plant harvesting interval of 8 weeks yielded the N plant uptake of 7.1-7.5 kg/(ha.day) amounting to 66-71% of the TN input. Some biogeochemical parameters such as oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the constructed wetland beds suggested the occurrence of anoxic and reduced conditions which were favorable for the N removal processes such as plant uptake, ammonification, and nitrification/denitrification. JF - WATER QUALITY CONSERVATION IN ASIA. AU - Koottatep, T AU - Polprasert, C A2 - Lee, SE (ed) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 8 SN - 0080433782 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Tropical regions KW - Artificial wetlands KW - Retention KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Habitat improvement (biological) KW - Denitrification KW - Absorption KW - Wetlands KW - Biogeochemistry KW - Aquatic plants KW - Water pollution control KW - Cattails KW - Nitrogen removal KW - Nitrification KW - Tropical environments KW - Environment management KW - Pollution control KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q2 09187:Geochemistry of sediments KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16402579?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aquatic+Science+%26+Fisheries+Abstracts+%28ASFA%29+3%3A+Aquatic+Pollution+%26+Environmental+Quality&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Koottatep%2C+T%3BPolprasert%2C+C&rft.aulast=Koottatep&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=0080433782&rft.btitle=Role+of+plant+uptake+on+nitrogen+removal+in+constructed+wetlands+located+in+the+tropics&rft.title=Role+of+plant+uptake+on+nitrogen+removal+in+constructed+wetlands+located+in+the+tropics&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Incidence and Relative Abundance of Amorbus obscuricornis and Gelonus tasmanicus (Hemiptera: Coreidae) in Southern Tasmania and Their Performance on Selected Eucalyptus Species AN - 16401756; 4307379 AB - Comprehensive records of the host-plant associations of Amorbus obscuricornis (Westwood) and Gelonus tasmanicus (Le Guillou), undertaken over three years at field sites in southern Tasmania, are presented for the first time. Also presented are the results of performance experiments conducted predominantly with native Tasmanian Eucalyptus species. Both insect species were found to be oligophagous for Eucalyptus. However, A. obscuricornis was found to feed more widely than G. tasmanicus; that is, the former species fed upon eucalypts belonging to the ash, gum and peppermint groups whilst the latter was confined to the ash and gum species of Eucalyptus in Tasmania. On the basis of collection records, A. obscuricornis was found to be abundant in both wet and dry sclerophyll forest habitats whilst G. tasmanicus was more abundant in wet sclerophyll forests. The wider degree of oligophagy exhibited by A. obscuricornis than by G. tasmanicus is suggested as being related to this species' preference for floristically diverse habitats, for example dry sclerophyll forest. In addition, inter- and intraspecific host selection in the exclusively shoot-feeding A. obscuricornis was found to be positively influenced by the architecture, in particular the coppicing phenology, of hosts. The significance of factors such as plant architecture, resource abundance and nutritional quality to the host-plant associations of both species are discussed in relation to secondary chemistry and habitat preferences. JF - Australian Journal of Zoology AU - Steinbauer, MJ AD - Co-operative Research Centre for Sustainable Production Forestry, GPO Box 252-12, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 631 EP - 649 VL - 45 IS - 6 SN - 0004-959X, 0004-959X KW - Australia KW - Leaf-footed bugs KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16401756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Zoology&rft.atitle=The+Incidence+and+Relative+Abundance+of+Amorbus+obscuricornis+and+Gelonus+tasmanicus+%28Hemiptera%3A+Coreidae%29+in+Southern+Tasmania+and+Their+Performance+on+Selected+Eucalyptus+Species&rft.au=Steinbauer%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Steinbauer&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=631&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+Journal+of+Zoology&rft.issn=0004959X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term variation of litter fall, canopy leaf area and flowering in a Eucalyptus maculata forest on the south coast of New South Wales AN - 16365164; 4295255 AB - Litter fall, canopy leaf area and environmental conditions were monitored in a regrowth stand of Eucalyptus maculata Hook. in Kioloa State Forest on the south coast of New South Wales, from spring 1977 to winter 1992. Litter fall during the first half of the study period was strongly influenced by two of the most serious droughts that had occurred in 100 years. Canopy renewal and, hence, leaf fall and changes of leaf area index (LAI), were also influenced by the flowering phenology of E. maculata. Total annual litter fall (including bark shed from lower boles) averaged 5.7 t ha super(-1) and ranged from 3.1 up to 7.5 t ha super(-1). The respective means (plus absolute ranges) of annual leaf, twig and bark fall were 2.8 (1.5-4.2), 0.9 (0.3-1.4) and 1.6 (0.5-3.1) t ha super(-1). Forest LAI varied between 0.7 and 5 m super(2) m super(-2). Leaves comprised 50% of the average annual litter fall; bark shed from lower boles of E. maculata contributed 0.63 t ha super(-1) to average annual bark fall. Flower buds were produced by a proportion of overstorey trees of E. maculata about every second year. Synchronous production and flowering of buds on all trees was observed only once in 15 years. Less than 15% of flower buds (overall) produced fruit. JF - Australian Journal of Botany AU - Pook, E W AU - Gill, A M AU - Moore, PHR AD - Cent. for Plant Biodiversity Res., CSIRO Div. Plant Ind., GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 737 EP - 755 VL - 45 IS - 5 SN - 0067-1924, 0067-1924 KW - Australia, New South Wales KW - forests KW - litter fall KW - phenology KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16365164?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Long-term+variation+of+litter+fall%2C+canopy+leaf+area+and+flowering+in+a+Eucalyptus+maculata+forest+on+the+south+coast+of+New+South+Wales&rft.au=Pook%2C+E+W%3BGill%2C+A+M%3BMoore%2C+PHR&rft.aulast=Pook&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=737&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+Journal+of+Botany&rft.issn=00671924&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intra- and inter-specific pollination of Santalum spicatum and S. album AN - 16352435; 4295279 AB - The flower morphology, receptivity and sexual compatibility between genotypes and species were determined in Western Australian sandalwood (Santalum spicatum) and Indian sandalwood (S. album). The results showed that the stigma of both species became receptive at anthesis and reached a peak at 3 or 4 days after anthesis. Pollen tubes took 2 days to grow to the ovary when pollinated at anthesis, and 1 day when pollinated 2 or 3 days after anthesis. The egg apparatus matured at least 2 days after pollination and varied between genotypes. Fertilisation occurred 2 or 3 days following cross pollination. Although 10-40% of ovules were fertilised following intra-specific crosses of both species, the average initial fruit set was much lower: 4% in S. spicatum and 19% in S. album. Most immature fruit (75-80%) abscised following intra-specific pollination. The number of pollen tubes that grew in styles after self- and inter-specific pollination was lower than that for intra-specific pollination. Following self and inter-specific pollination, growth of pollen tubes was arrested in the style, ovary and around the embryo sac; a few penetrated the embryo sac. Initial fruit set was low and developing fruit abscised prematurely. The results indicated that pre- and post-fertilisation mechanisms control self-incompatibility and inter-specific incompatibility between the sandalwood species. JF - Australian Journal of Botany AU - Rugkhla, A AU - McComb, JA AU - Jones, MGK AD - Plant Quarantine and Policy Branch, Australian Quarantine and Inspection Serv., Dep. Primary Ind. and Energy, GPO Box 858, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 1083 EP - 1095 VL - 45 IS - 6 SN - 0067-1924, 0067-1924 KW - Australia KW - flowers KW - pollination KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16352435?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Intra-+and+inter-specific+pollination+of+Santalum+spicatum+and+S.+album&rft.au=Rugkhla%2C+A%3BMcComb%2C+JA%3BJones%2C+MGK&rft.aulast=Rugkhla&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1083&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+Journal+of+Botany&rft.issn=00671924&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Problems and solutions in the application of predictive microbiology AN - 16349007; 4292924 AB - Predictive microbiology represents a rational, quantitative, and generic approach to improving food quality and safety and to developing an understanding of the 'dynamic' microbial ecology of foods. Although models describing microbial inactivation have been used by food processors for decades, concerns have been expressed about the practical application of the current generation of models that describe the rate of microbial growth, or the probability of growth/toxin production occurring at all. Problems in the application of predictive microbiology are considered, and strategies for their resolution reviewed and exemplified by reference to existing programs and current research. The relationship between predictive microbiology and other newer strategies, such as HACCP and 'hurdle technology', is also considered. It is concluded that predictive microbiology is more a philosophy than a specific method or technology, and that predictive models are analytical tools that will continue to be developed to enable the performance of increasingly sophisticated tasks. JF - Seafood safety, processing, and biotechnology AU - Ross, T AU - Olley, J A2 - Shahidi, F A2 - Jones, Y A2 - Kitts, DD (eds) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 18 EP - 118 PB - TECHNOMIC PUBLISHING COMPANY SN - 1566765730 KW - food contamination KW - food processing KW - mathematical models KW - toxins KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - Processed fishery products KW - Food technology KW - Pathogenic bacteria KW - Microbial contamination KW - Freshwater KW - Q1 08626:Food technology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16349007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Industrial+and+Applied+Microbiology+Abstracts+%28Microbiology+A%29&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Ross%2C+T%3BOlley%2C+J&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=1566765730&rft.btitle=Problems+and+solutions+in+the+application+of+predictive+microbiology&rft.title=Problems+and+solutions+in+the+application+of+predictive+microbiology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Social behaviour in an Australian allodapine bee Exoneura (Brevineura) xanthoclypeata (Hymenoptera: Apidae) AN - 16317323; 4243618 AB - The allodapine bees are well suited for comparative studies of social evolution because of the wide variation in social behaviour within and between genera. There are three main clades in the endemic Australian genus Exoneura. Two groups (Exoneura sensu stricto and Exoneurella) have received extensive study. In this paper we provide the first detailed study of social behaviour in the third group, Brevineura, based on a heathland population of Exoneura (B.) xanthoclypeata Rayment. This species has two seasonal pulses of egg-laying and brood rearing occurs throughout most of the year, including winter. This extended period of egg-laying and brood development differs from the two other Australian Exoneura subgenera and provides extensive opportunities for eusocial-like sib-rearing. Dissection data indicate that reproductive differentiation among adult nestmates is well developed and dependent on body size, with smaller females being mostly or entirely non-reproductive. Per capita brood production is dramatically higher in multi-female nests than in single-female nests and relatedness between adult nestmates is moderately high (r approximately 0.5). These two factors suggest that local fitness enhancement may be occurring and our limited sex allocation data suggest female-biased ratios. Because of the opportunities for sib-rearing in this species, local fitness enhancement has the potential to lower selective thresholds for eusociality. JF - Australian Journal of Zoology AU - Tierney, S M AU - Schwarz, M P AU - Adams, M AD - Sch. Biol. Sci., Flinders Univ. South Australia, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 385 EP - 398 VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 0004-959X, 0004-959X KW - Australia KW - Bumble bees KW - Euglossine KW - Euglossines KW - Honey bees KW - Hymenoptera KW - Stingless bees KW - evolution KW - social behavior KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05208:Social entomology KW - Y 25453:Insects KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16317323?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Zoology&rft.atitle=Social+behaviour+in+an+Australian+allodapine+bee+Exoneura+%28Brevineura%29+xanthoclypeata+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Apidae%29&rft.au=Tierney%2C+S+M%3BSchwarz%2C+M+P%3BAdams%2C+M&rft.aulast=Tierney&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+Journal+of+Zoology&rft.issn=0004959X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water balance in swelling materials: Some comments AN - 16309708; 4248929 AB - Materials ranging from wet tailings in retention ponds through potentially acid sulfate sediments in humid marine environments to clay soils in semi-arid climates shrink and swell with change in water content. This paper discusses the formulation and determination of material balance in such swelling and cracking materials. Significant errors and their likely magnitudes are identified when these estimates are based in physical space, as opposed to material space. Ways in which this problem might be dealt with are discussed. JF - Australian Journal of Soil Research AU - Smiles, DE AD - CSIRO Land and Water, GPO Box 639, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 1143 EP - 1052 VL - 35 IS - 5 SN - 0004-9573, 0004-9573 KW - swelling soils KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16309708?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Soil+Research&rft.atitle=Water+balance+in+swelling+materials%3A+Some+comments&rft.au=Smiles%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Smiles&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+Journal+of+Soil+Research&rft.issn=00049573&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Site information and initial results from deep ice drilling on Law Dome, Antarctica AN - 16275606; 4283352 AB - The aim of deep ice drilling on Law Dome, Antarctica, has been to exploit the special characteristics of Law Dome summit, i.e. low temperature and high accumulation near an ice divide, to obtain a high-resolution ice core for climatic/environmental studies of the Holocene and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Drilling was completed in February 1993, when basal ice containing small fragments of rock was reached at a depth of 1196 m. Accurate ice dating, obtained by counting annual layers revealed by fine-detail delta super(18)O, peroxide and electrical-conductivity measurements, is continuous down to 399 m, corresponding to a date of AD 1304. Sulphate concentration measurements, made around depths where conductivity tracing indicates volcanic fallout, allow confirmation of the dating (for Agung in 1963 and Tambora in 1815) or estimates of the eruption date from the ice dating (for the Kuwae, Vanuatu, eruption similar to 1457). The lower part of the core is dated by extrapolating the layer-counting using a simple model of the ice flow. At the LGM, ice-fabric measurements show a large decrease (250 to 14 mm super(2)) in crystal size and a narrow maximum in c-axis verticality. The main zone of strong single-pole fabrics however, is located higher up in a broad zone around 900 m. Oxygen-isotope ( delta super(18)O) measurements show Holocene ice down to 1113 m, the LGM at 1133 m and warm ( delta super(18)O about the same as Holocene) ice near the base of the ice sheet. The LGM/Holocene delta super(18)O shift of 7.0ppt, only similar to 1ppt larger than for Vostok, indicates that Law Dome remained an independent ice cap was not overridden by the inland ice sheet in the Glacial. JF - Journal of Glaciology AU - Morgan, VI AU - Wookey, C W AU - Li, J AU - Van Ommen, TD AU - Skinner, W AU - Fitzpatrick, M F AD - Antarct. Cooperative Res. Cent. and Australian Antarct. Div., GPO Box 252C, Hobart 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 3 EP - 10 VL - 43 IS - 143 SN - 0022-1430, 0022-1430 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16275606?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Glaciology&rft.atitle=Site+information+and+initial+results+from+deep+ice+drilling+on+Law+Dome%2C+Antarctica&rft.au=Morgan%2C+VI%3BWookey%2C+C+W%3BLi%2C+J%3BVan+Ommen%2C+TD%3BSkinner%2C+W%3BFitzpatrick%2C+M+F&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=VI&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=143&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Glaciology&rft.issn=00221430&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seed germination model for Eucalyptus delegatensis provenances germinating under conditions of variable temperature and water potential AN - 16257813; 4237386 AB - This paper develops a population-based threshold model to describe the combined action of sub- and supra-optimal temperatures, water stress and the release of dormancy by cool-moist stratification on the germination of seeds of Eucalyptus delegatensis R.T. Baker. Separate models were fitted for seed samples collected from five climatically differing regions. The model presumes that the time to germination of a given seed fraction is inversely proportional to the difference between the actual level of a given germination factor and the factor threshold. The model then assumes that variation In this factor threshold within a seed population as a whole can be characterised by a normal, or log-normal, distribution. By using physiological time rather than clock time as a metric, the model was extended to describe germination under varying conditions in the field. A number of applications of the model were demonstrated. The correlation of model parameters with regional climate was tested and it was concluded that site temperature affected both the mean and variation in base population sensitivities to stratification-dose but that site rainfall affected only the mean base population sensitivity to water stress with all populations having a common variance. Examination of the model parameters relating to the release of dormancy indicated that the increased germination rate associated with stratification could be accounted for by progress towards germination made at stratifying temperatures. Finally, the model was used to examine the fundamental regeneration niche of E. delegatensis and it was concluded that abundant germination in the field could only be expected when the soil water potential is above -0.4 MPa and temperatures exceed 7.5 degree C. The model is presented as a flexible framework that allows for the prediction of field germination and as a useful tool for exploring seed germination processes, and the fundamental regeneration niche of the species. The modelling framework is easily modified to include additional factors and factor interactions applicable to other situations and species. JF - Australian Journal of Plant Physiology AU - Battaglia, M AD - Cooperative Res. Cent. for Temperate Hardwood Forest. and CSIRO Forest. and Forest Products, GPO Box 252-12 Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 69 EP - 79 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0310-7841, 0310-7841 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16257813?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Plant+Physiology&rft.atitle=Seed+germination+model+for+Eucalyptus+delegatensis+provenances+germinating+under+conditions+of+variable+temperature+and+water+potential&rft.au=Battaglia%2C+M&rft.aulast=Battaglia&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+Journal+of+Plant+Physiology&rft.issn=03107841&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Misting of tomato plants improves leaf water status but not leaf growth AN - 16254626; 4237389 AB - Field and laboratory experiments were carried out to determine whether modification of the aerial environment in a hot climate would improve the leaf growth rate and ultimately the yield of well-irrigated processing tomatoes, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. UC82B. In the field, the transpiration rate was modified by frequent applications of a fine mist. Misting reduced the diurnal fall in leaf water potential by up to 0.5 MPa, but had no effect on weekly vegetative growth or fruit yield, compared to a control treatment which was not misted but had accurately managed drip irrigation. To investigate these processes further, we studied the relationship between leaf water status and leaf growth in the laboratory using equipment in which a pot is placed inside a pressure chamber, with the leaves enclosed in a cuvette. Immediately following a misting event, both the hydrostatic pressure of the leaf xylem and the leaf expansion rate increased. The increase in leaf expansion rate was sustained for about 10 min and then fell below the pre-misted rate so that the net effect of a misting event on leaf expansion was small or nil. When an elevated leaf water status was sustained by pressurising the soil for over an hour, there was only a transient increase in leaf growth, and leaf growth stopped after the pressure was removed. Both in the laboratory and field, the overall leaf or vegetative growth was not sensitive to rapid fluctuations in leaf water status. The implication is that, if sufficient attention is paid to managing the root zone of crops, the more expensive and less efficient modification of the shoot environment is unnecessary. JF - Australian Journal of Plant Physiology AU - Stirzaker, R J AU - Hayman, P T AU - Sutton, B G AD - CSIRO Cent. for Environ. Mechanics, GPO Box 821, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 9 EP - 16 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0310-7841, 0310-7841 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16254626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Plant+Physiology&rft.atitle=Misting+of+tomato+plants+improves+leaf+water+status+but+not+leaf+growth&rft.au=Stirzaker%2C+R+J%3BHayman%2C+P+T%3BSutton%2C+B+G&rft.aulast=Stirzaker&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+Journal+of+Plant+Physiology&rft.issn=03107841&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Studies on the host-finding ability of the aphid parasitoid, Trioxys complanatus (Hym.: Braconidae) in lucerne and clover AN - 16241951; 4228268 AB - The spotted alfalfa aphid (SAA), Therioaphis trifolii (Monell) f. maculata, was first recorded in Australia in 1977. It is a major pest of lucerne and other pasture medics but not of clover (Trifolium spp.). The parasitoid Trioxys complanatus Quills was introduced into Australia in late 1977 as part of a biological control program for SAA and made a substantial contribution to the management of the pest. Since 1989, aphids which are individually indistinguishable from SAA have been causing substantial yield loss to clover pastures in western and south-eastern Australia. This aphid, now known in Australia as the spotted clover aphid (SCA), is genetically distinct from SAA and has a much wider host range. Populations of SCA in clover are rarely parasitised by T. complanatus. A series of experiments was undertaken to determine whether the greater susceptibility of SAA in lucerne than of SCA in clover to parasitisation by T. complanatus is due to the attraction of the parasitoid preferentially to lucerne or to the differential attractiveness of the aphids themselves. SAA and SCA were offered to the parasitoids in arenas of increasing complexity from single trifoliate leaves of lucerne and clover on agar through single potted plants in small cages to groups of potted plants in a large cage. Results showed that the parasitoids exhibited a preference for lucerne though, in the cage situation, they did find and parasitise SCA on clover. They did not differentiate between SAA and SCA on lucerne. JF - Entomophaga AU - Milne, WM AD - CSIRO Div. Entomol., GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 173 EP - 183 VL - 42 IS - 1-2 SN - 0013-8959, 0013-8959 KW - Alfalfa KW - Aphids KW - Australia KW - Braconid wasps KW - Braconids KW - Homoptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - Plantlice KW - host location KW - host searching behavior KW - parasitoids KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - Y 25423:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16241951?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomophaga&rft.atitle=Studies+on+the+host-finding+ability+of+the+aphid+parasitoid%2C+Trioxys+complanatus+%28Hym.%3A+Braconidae%29+in+lucerne+and+clover&rft.au=Milne%2C+WM&rft.aulast=Milne&rft.aufirst=WM&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomophaga&rft.issn=00138959&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Soil indicators of changing land quality and capital value AN - 16187573; 6104036 AB - If the market price of agricultural land was more sensitive to soil degradation and its effect on productivity, it would increase the economic incentive for farmers to adopt conservative soil management practices. This project aimed to provide farmers and financial institutions relationships estimating changes in productive potential from various soil properties and methods to adjust the capital valuation of land to reflect these change. Relationships were investigated between soil properties measured at a particular time (autumn 1996) and productivity between 1992-1995 for 80 paddocks representing the major agricultural Soil-Landscape Types (SLTs) within the Wagga Wagga 1:100,000 map sheet (McKane and Chen, 1997). Soil samples from 0-10 cm and 20-30 cm depth were sent for commercially-available, chemical analysis. Farmers' records for 1992-1995 were used to estimate a standardized gross margin (GM = crop/hay income - variable costs + livestock GM) for each paddock-year. Income was estimated from actual crop or hay yields and the mean prices over 1992-1995. Variable costs were estimated from actual inputs and operations using standard prices for inputs and standardized costs for machinery operations. Contract harvest costs and other crop costs were also included. Livestock enterprises were classified as wethers, self-replacing ewes, second-cross lambs, cows and calves or steers. Livestock GM was calculated from the estimated stocking rate (DSE/ha) and a standard GM per DSE ($/DSE) for each enterprise type. The latter were estimated for model flocks/herds for each enterprise type and included wool and animal sales as well as animal management costs. Paddock-years in which irrigation was used or in which pasture seed was grown were excluded from further analysis. The response of GM to various soil properties and growing season rainfall (GSR, 1 April-30 November) was investigated separately for each SLT using multiple linear regression. GSR for all paddocks was assumed to be that for Wagga Wagga. The models chosen are the most informative of those available (i.e. there is no single, 'correct' model). JF - Technical Report. CSIRO Land and Water AU - Ringrose-Voase, A J AU - Geeves, G W AU - Merry, R H AU - Wood, J T Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 PB - Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Environmental degradation KW - Economics KW - Soil conservation KW - Land use KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16187573?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Technical+Report.+CSIRO+Land+and+Water&rft.atitle=Soil+indicators+of+changing+land+quality+and+capital+value&rft.au=Ringrose-Voase%2C+A+J%3BGeeves%2C+G+W%3BMerry%2C+R+H%3BWood%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Ringrose-Voase&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Technical+Report.+CSIRO+Land+and+Water&rft.issn=14466163&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Listeria monocytogenes gene ctpA encodes a putative P-type ATPase involved in copper transport AN - 16082630; 4111596 AB - A Tn917 transposon derivative was used to construct a lacZ transcriptional fusion mutant in Listeria monocytogenes DRDC8 that displayed increased beta -galactosidase activity in response to cation stress. A 4.3 kb fragment of L. monocytogenes chromosomal DNA flanking the lacZ fusion was cloned and sequenced. A 1962 bp open reading frame was identified, and designated ctpA. Analysis of the deduced 653 amino acid sequence revealed significant similarity to the family of ATP-dependent enzymes involved in copper transport in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. CtpA is distinctive by virtue of an N-terminal truncation in the domain responsible for cation binding. Growth of ctpA insertion mutants was restricted by the copper-chelating agent 8-hydroxyquinoline. DNA/RNA hybridisation studies revealed that levels of ctpA mRNA were increased following growth in media containing low and high copper concentrations. These results suggest the isolation of a region of DNA that encodes a novel copper-transporting system in L. monocytogenes. JF - Molecular and General Genetics AU - Francis AU - Thomas, C J AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Adelaide, GPO Box 498, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, 5005 Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 484 EP - 491 VL - 253 IS - 4 SN - 0026-8925, 0026-8925 KW - nucleotide sequence KW - amino acid sequence prediction KW - ctpA gene KW - copper KW - adenosinetriphosphatase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - stress KW - cations KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16082630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+General+Genetics&rft.atitle=The+Listeria+monocytogenes+gene+ctpA+encodes+a+putative+P-type+ATPase+involved+in+copper+transport&rft.au=Francis%3BThomas%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Francis&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=253&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=484&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+General+Genetics&rft.issn=00268925&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; cations; stress ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Roles of baffles in waste stabilization ponds AN - 16063669; 4106179 AB - Performance of baffles in waste stabilization ponds (WSP) comprising laboratory-scale ponds with different number of baffles was evaluated. This study was aimed at promoting waste stabilization ponds practice for wastewater treatment in tropical countries by reducing the land area requirement through the use of baffles which increased the biofilm and biomass concentrations. The experiments started with the tracer study to find out the hydraulic characteristics of each pond. It was shown that the dispersion number decreased with increasing flow length and number of baffles, which indicates more plug flow conditions. The deviation of actual HRT from theoretical HRT was computed and the flow pattern suggested the existence of an optimum spacing of baffles in baffled waste stabilization pond (BWSP) units. The investigations by feeding with synthetic wastewater further revealed that more than 65% TN and 90% NH sub(3)-N removal were achieved at HRT of 5 days in 6-baffled pond which corresponds to the specific area of 35.20 m super(2) /m super(3). TN and NH sub(3)-N removal was increasing with number of baffles in the BWSP units. COD removal increased with higher number of baffles with its maximum removal efficiency at 6 baffles. The computed COD removal encompassed first-order reactions of both suspended and biofilm biomass was higher than that without the biofilm biomass activity and agreed well with the observed data. Compared with normal WSP, BWSP gave higher TN, NH sub(3)-N and COD removal. The effluent SS concentrations from 6 baffled-pond were less than 20 mg/l at HRT of 3 days. JF - Water Science and Technology AU - Muttamara, S AU - Puetpaiboon, U A2 - Matsuo, T (ed) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 10 EP - 284 SN - 0080432891 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - stabilization ponds KW - wastewater treatment KW - organic loading KW - baffles KW - retention time KW - experimental data KW - tropical regions KW - nitrogen removal KW - nitrification KW - denitrification KW - biofilms KW - performance evaluation KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16063669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Water+Resources+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Muttamara%2C+S%3BPuetpaiboon%2C+U&rft.aulast=Muttamara&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=0080432891&rft.btitle=Roles+of+baffles+in+waste+stabilization+ponds&rft.title=Roles+of+baffles+in+waste+stabilization+ponds&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Feather mites are potentially an important source of allergens for pigeon and budgerigar keepers AN - 16054036; 4102427 AB - Previous studies on allergy to feathers have not addressed whether organisms living on feathers (mites, lice, moulds) are a source of allergens. To investigate whether feather mites produced allergens of clinical relevance to bird keepers. We examined serum IgE responses of 96 pigeon breeders to an extract of feather mites from pigeons (predominantly Diplaegidia columbae), using Western blotting, specific IgE assay using AlaSTAT EIA and RAST inhibition. Feather mites are a major source of soluble proteins derived from feathers, accounting for up to 10% of the total weight of the feather. Forty-three sere had a negative score (0) for anti-feather mite IgE, 27 were weakly positive (1-2) and 26 had strongly positive scores (3-4). Fewer pigeon breeders with scores greater than or equal to 3 were asymptomatic than those with negative scores (12 versus 40%), more had late onset symptoms (with or without early onset symptoms; 77% versus 44%) and had IgE antibody against house dust mite (89% versus 23%). Western blotting of eight sera against the extract of Diplaegidia columbae revealed 20 IgE-binding components ranging from 22 to 200 kDa. A high diversity of components was recognized by each serum: arithmetic mean 7 (range 2-14). RAST inhibition indicated feather mites had species-specific epitopes as well as ones that cross-reacted with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Strongly-positive AlaSTAT scores to pigeon feather mite were associated with allergic symptoms of late onset in pigeon breeders. We conclude that feather mites are a major source of clinically-relevant allergens for pigeon breeders. JF - Clinical and Experimental Allergy AU - Colloff, MJ AU - Merrett, T G AU - Merrett, J AU - McSharry, C AU - Boyd, G AD - CSIRO Div. Entomol., GPO Box 1700, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 60 EP - 67 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0954-7894, 0954-7894 KW - Rock dove KW - Diplaegidia columbae KW - feathers KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - allergens KW - Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus KW - occupational exposure KW - Columba livia KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - F 06845:Allergens KW - H SI0.3:HAZARD DETERMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16054036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Experimental+Allergy&rft.atitle=Feather+mites+are+potentially+an+important+source+of+allergens+for+pigeon+and+budgerigar+keepers&rft.au=Colloff%2C+MJ%3BMerrett%2C+T+G%3BMerrett%2C+J%3BMcSharry%2C+C%3BBoyd%2C+G&rft.aulast=Colloff&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Experimental+Allergy&rft.issn=09547894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus; Columba livia; allergens; occupational exposure; feathers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tropical acid streams -- the chironomid (Diptera) response in northern Australia AN - 16002811; 4079144 AB - Chironomidae, sampled by interception of drifting cast pupal exuviae, responded to inputs of acid, heavy metal-rich waters in a seasonally flowing tropical stream in northern Australia. Responses included gain of distinctive (indicative) taxa, loss of some species typical of pristine conditions, and increase in species richness. Experimental manipulation (upstream diversion) of a mine adit entry showed that these responses were the result of change in water quality. The higher species richness at low pH, which is contrary to temperate studies, may be explained by the large tropical (Australian and south-east Asian) pool of species tolerant of naturally occurring acidic aquatic habitats. The structure and responses of the exuvial-assessed chironomid community matched long-term larval data. JF - Freshwater Biology AU - Cranston, P S AU - Cooper, P D AU - Hardwick, R A AU - Humphrey, CL AU - Dostine, P L AD - Division of Entomology, CSIRO, GPO Box 1700, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 473 EP - 483 VL - 37 IS - 2 SN - 0046-5070, 0046-5070 KW - Australia, Northern Terr., Rockhole Mine Creek KW - acidity KW - aquatic insects KW - insect larvae KW - lotic environment KW - metals KW - pH effects KW - pupae KW - species diversity KW - tropical environment KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Chironomidae KW - Freshwater KW - pollution tolerance KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16002811?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Freshwater+Biology&rft.atitle=Tropical+acid+streams+--+the+chironomid+%28Diptera%29+response+in+northern+Australia&rft.au=Cranston%2C+P+S%3BCooper%2C+P+D%3BHardwick%2C+R+A%3BHumphrey%2C+CL%3BDostine%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Cranston&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Freshwater+Biology&rft.issn=00465070&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pollution tolerance; Chironomidae; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) as sources of sediment contamination in the lower Passaic River, New Jersey. 2. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and polychlorinated biphenyls AN - 15969605; 4066507 AB - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) are contaminants ubiquitous to the sediments of industrialized waterways. Non-point sources, such as atmospheric deposition, urban runoff, and combined sewer overflows, are recognized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as important uncontrolled sources of these compounds. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of combined sewer overflows (CSOs) on sediments of the Passaic River in New Jersey. In this investigation, we (1) characterize PCB and PCDD/F contamination in sediments impacted by these CSOs, (2) evaluate the spatial distribution of these contaminants, and (3) evaluate the possible sources of PCBs and PCDD/Fs within the respective CSO districts. Ten surficial sediment samples were collected adjacent to each of four CSO outfalls along the lower Passaic River and analyzed for coplanar PCBs and PCDD/Fs. Principal components analysis (PCA) was utilized to assess differences in the distributional patterns of PCB and PCDD/F congeners at each of the four CSO sampling areas. The results indicate that sediments proximate to the CSO outfalls are contaminated with elevated concentrations of these compounds. The spatial distribution and fingerprint patterns of PCBs and PCDD/Fs strongly suggest that the CSOs are a source of contamination in sediments near these outfalls. Evaluation of the industries operating within the CSO districts provides a link between the facilities that discharge wastes to the combined sewer system and PCBs and PCDD/Fs found in the sediments. Until adequate controls are implemented, CSOs will continue to be significant on-going sources of PCB and PCDD/F contamination affecting the water and sediment quality of the Passaic River. JF - Chemosphere AU - Huntley, S L AU - Iannuzzi, T J AU - Avantaggio, J D AU - Carlson-Lynch, H AU - Schmidt, C W AU - Finley, B L AD - ChemRisk, Div. McLaren/Hart, 1685 Congress St., Portland, ME 04102, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 233 EP - 250 VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - PCB KW - PCB compounds KW - PCDD KW - PCDF KW - chemical pollution KW - combined sewer overflows KW - contamination KW - freshwater pollution KW - outfalls KW - polychlorinated biphenyls KW - sediment pollution KW - sewage disposal KW - sewers KW - stormwater runoff KW - water pollution sources KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - USA, New Jersey, Passaic R. KW - sediments KW - Marine KW - rivers KW - ANW, USA, New Jersey KW - pesticides KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15969605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Combined+sewer+overflows+%28CSOs%29+as+sources+of+sediment+contamination+in+the+lower+Passaic+River%2C+New+Jersey.+2.+Polychlorinated+dibenzo-p-dioxins%2C+polychlorinated+dibenzofurans%2C+and+polychlorinated+biphenyls&rft.au=Huntley%2C+S+L%3BIannuzzi%2C+T+J%3BAvantaggio%2C+J+D%3BCarlson-Lynch%2C+H%3BSchmidt%2C+C+W%3BFinley%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Huntley&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chlorinated hydrocarbons; chemical pollution; sediments; freshwater pollution; outfalls; sediment pollution; pesticides; rivers; sewage disposal; PCB; stormwater runoff; sewers; combined sewer overflows; PCDF; PCB compounds; contamination; PCDD; polychlorinated biphenyls; water pollution sources; USA, New Jersey, Passaic R.; ANW, USA, New Jersey; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) as sources of sediment contamination in the lower Passaic River, New Jersey. 1. Priority pollutants and inorganic chemicals AN - 15961350; 4065696 AB - Ten surficial sediment samples were collected adjacent to each of four combined sewer overflow (CSO) outfalls along the lower Passaic River in New Jersey and analyzed for priority pollutant organic and inorganic chemicals. The objectives of this investigation were to (1) characterize chemical contamination in sediments impacted by these CSOs, (2) evaluate the spatial distribution of contaminants, and (3) evaluate the possible sources of contaminants within the respective CSO districts. The results indicate that sediments proximate to the CSO outfalls are contaminated with a range of chemicals including toxic metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, and other organic chemicals. The spatial distribution of these contaminants strongly suggest that the CSOs are the primary source of contamination in sediments near these outfalls. While the contribution of residential waste and stormwater may be substantial, evaluation of the industries operating with the CSO districts provides a link between the facilities that discharge wastes to the combined sewer system and chemical contaminants found in the sediments. Until adequate controls are implemented, CSOs will continue to be on-going sources of contamination affecting the water and sediment quality of the Passaic River. JF - Chemosphere AU - Iannuzzi, T J AU - Huntley, S L AU - Schmidt, C W AU - Finley, B L AU - McNutt, R P AU - Burton, S J AD - ChemRisk, Div. McLaren/Hart, 1685 Congress St., Portland, ME 04102, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 213 EP - 231 VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - PCB KW - PCB compounds KW - chemical pollution KW - combined sewer overflows KW - contamination KW - freshwater pollution KW - outfalls KW - polychlorinated biphenyls KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - sediment pollution KW - sewers KW - water pollution sources KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - USA, New Jersey, Passaic R. KW - sediments KW - water pollution KW - Marine KW - Brackish KW - rivers KW - ANW, USA, New Jersey KW - hydrocarbons KW - pesticides KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15961350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Combined+sewer+overflows+%28CSOs%29+as+sources+of+sediment+contamination+in+the+lower+Passaic+River%2C+New+Jersey.+1.+Priority+pollutants+and+inorganic+chemicals&rft.au=Iannuzzi%2C+T+J%3BHuntley%2C+S+L%3BSchmidt%2C+C+W%3BFinley%2C+B+L%3BMcNutt%2C+R+P%3BBurton%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Iannuzzi&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical pollution; hydrocarbons; sediments; freshwater pollution; outfalls; sediment pollution; rivers; pesticides; water pollution; PCB; sewers; combined sewer overflows; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; PCB compounds; contamination; polychlorinated biphenyls; water pollution sources; USA, New Jersey, Passaic R.; ANW, USA, New Jersey; Marine; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in cell morphology and motility in the marine Vibrio sp. strain S14 during conditions of starvation and recovery AN - 15929955; 4048008 AB - Cell morphology and motility of the marine Vibrio sp. strain S14 was monitored during multiple nutrient starvation for 16 days and subsequent recovery. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that, by 16 days of starvation, 97% of the cells had lost motility due to shedding of the flagellum from the cell. Cell morphology revealed that nutrient recovery after long-term starvation, was a heterogeneous response within the population. Within the first hour of nutrient supplementation, 20% of cells regained motility due to resynthesis of the flagellum and motile numbers increased by another 20% over the next 2.5 h by which time approx. 40% of total cell numbers had recovered plate culturability. Within 3.5 h of recovery, the majority of cells had resumed cell size equal to that of growing cells and a minority of total cell numbers remained as unresponsive microcells. This study illustrates that cells within a population respond heterogeneously during long-term starvation as well as nutrient recovery. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Stretton, S AU - Danon, S J AU - Kjelleberg, S AU - Goodman, A E AD - Sch. Biol. Sci., Flinders Univ. South Australia, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 23 EP - 29 VL - 146 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - cytology KW - marine microorganisms KW - motility KW - nutritional requirements KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Marine KW - flagella KW - Vibrio KW - starvation KW - electron microscopy KW - Q1 08203:Taxonomy and morphology KW - J 02721:Cell cycle, morphology and motility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15929955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Changes+in+cell+morphology+and+motility+in+the+marine+Vibrio+sp.+strain+S14+during+conditions+of+starvation+and+recovery&rft.au=Stretton%2C+S%3BDanon%2C+S+J%3BKjelleberg%2C+S%3BGoodman%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Stretton&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=146&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nutritional requirements; flagella; starvation; electron microscopy; marine microorganisms; motility; Vibrio; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acrylonitrile potentiates oxidative stress in rat alveolar macrophages AN - 15904563; 4040088 JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Bhooma, T AU - Venkataprasad, N AD - Dep. Blood Genet., Rush Presbyterian St. Luke's Med. Cent., 1653 W. Congress Pkwy., Chicago, IL 60612, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 71 EP - 78 VL - 58 IS - 1 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - acrylonitrile KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - alveoli KW - macrophages KW - free radicals KW - oxidative stress KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15904563?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Acrylonitrile+potentiates+oxidative+stress+in+rat+alveolar+macrophages&rft.au=Bhooma%2C+T%3BVenkataprasad%2C+N&rft.aulast=Bhooma&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - oxidative stress; macrophages; free radicals; alveoli ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Defense environmental legislation in the 104th Congress--a retrospective AN - 15860882; 4023761 AB - This article examines Department of Defense (DOD) and Department of Energy (DOE) environmental activities and funding within the context of the four pillars of the National Security strategy of the Republican 104th Congress: improving the quality of life for service members; sustaining core readiness capability; revitalizing weapons modernization; and reforming the Pentagon bureaucracy. This article shows how initial skepticism by the new Republican congressional leaders toward DOD and DOE environmental programs gave way to a recognition of the legitimacy of environmental requirements, the potential contribution that environmental programs could make to increased quality of life and long-term readiness, and, most importantly, the realization that increased support of environmental programs was a political imperative to preserve Republican control of Congress. Consequently, the focus shifted from opposition to environmental spending to more constructive efforts aimed at increasing cost effectiveness and improving management of DOD and DOE environmental programs, while minimizing potential negative impacts on operational needs. The author is cautiously optimistic that this record of constructive congressional oversight of defense environmental programs will continue in the 105th Congress. JF - Federal Facilities Environmental Journal AU - Schweiter, HJ AD - Committee Natl. Security, U.S. House of Representatives Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 7 EP - 22 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 1048-4078, 1048-4078 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - federal programs KW - environment management KW - legislation KW - environmental restoration KW - military KW - pollution clean-up KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15860882?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+Facilities+Environmental+Journal&rft.atitle=Defense+environmental+legislation+in+the+104th+Congress--a+retrospective&rft.au=Schweiter%2C+HJ&rft.aulast=Schweiter&rft.aufirst=HJ&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+Facilities+Environmental+Journal&rft.issn=10484078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - legislation; federal programs; environment management; pollution clean-up; environmental restoration; military ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Indoor infiltration of volatile organic contaminants: Coupling above- to below-ground via a nonhomogeneous surface boundary AN - 15838685; 4012020 JF - Journal of Soil Contamination AU - Anderssen, B AU - Markey, B AD - CSIRO Div. Math. and Stat., G.P.O. Box 1965, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 15 EP - 19 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1058-8337, 1058-8337 KW - cleanup KW - volatile organic compounds KW - indoor environments KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - air pollution KW - organic compounds KW - soil contamination KW - infiltration KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15838685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+Contamination&rft.atitle=Indoor+infiltration+of+volatile+organic+contaminants%3A+Coupling+above-+to+below-ground+via+a+nonhomogeneous+surface+boundary&rft.au=Anderssen%2C+B%3BMarkey%2C+B&rft.aulast=Anderssen&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+Contamination&rft.issn=10588337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air pollution; organic compounds; cleanup; soil contamination; infiltration; volatile organic compounds; indoor environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suppression of osteoblast function by titanium particles AN - 15835677; 4014336 AB - In order to understand the effect of particulate debris on osteoblast function, we studied the effect of different particles, including titanium and polystyrene, on bone collagen mRNA (messenger RNA) with the use of Northern blot hybridization analysis, and we studied the effect of the particles on the biosynthesis of bone collagen with analysis of super(3)H-proline incorporation and with the Western blot technique. The steady-state levels of mRNA for procollagens alpha sub(1)(I) and alpha sub(1)(III) were markedly suppressed in human MG-63 osteoblast-like cells exposed to phagocytosable titanium particles that were smaller than three micrometers. Both titanium and polystyrene particles smaller than three micrometers suppressed the expression of the gene that codes for collagen, and the suppression of the expression of the gene was related to the size but not to the composition of the particles. The biosynthesis of both type-I and type-III collagen also was decreased in cells that had been treated with titanium particles. Neither the viability nor the proliferation of cells was affected by particulate debris. These data indicate that phagocytosable titanium particles can significantly suppress the expression of the gene that codes for collagen in osteoblast-like cells (p < 0.05). JF - Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American) AU - Yao, Jianling AU - Cs-Szabo, G AU - Jacobs, J J AU - Kuettner, KE AU - Glant, T T AD - Dep. Orthop. Surg., Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Med. Cent., 1653 West Congress Pkwy., Chicago, IL 60612, USA Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 107 EP - 112 VL - 79A IS - 1 SN - 0021-9355, 0021-9355 KW - particle size KW - titanium KW - collagen KW - polystyrene KW - styrene KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts KW - particulate matter KW - osteoblasts KW - gene expression KW - bone implants KW - T 20009:Bone grafts, implants, and biomaterials KW - X 24165:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15835677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bone+and+Joint+Surgery+%28American%29&rft.atitle=Suppression+of+osteoblast+function+by+titanium+particles&rft.au=Yao%2C+Jianling%3BCs-Szabo%2C+G%3BJacobs%2C+J+J%3BKuettner%2C+KE%3BGlant%2C+T+T&rft.aulast=Yao&rft.aufirst=Jianling&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=79A&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bone+and+Joint+Surgery+%28American%29&rft.issn=00219355&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - osteoblasts; particulate matter; bone implants; gene expression ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plutonium isotopes, super(137)Cs, super(90)Sr and natural radioactivity in marine sediments from Ghazaouet (Algeria) AN - 15682001; 3966408 AB - Samples of marine surface sediments of different grain sizes collected in Ghazaouet, a small bay on the western coast of Algeria, have been examined to measure alpha -, beta - and gamma -radioactivity. The purpose of this study is to detect any radioactive contamination. Using a combination of direct gamma spectrometry, radiochemical separation and alpha -spectrometry, and beta -counting, activity levels of the most significant naturally-occurring radioisotopes ( super(210)Po, super(210)Pb, super(226)Ra, etc.) were determined in the samples. Natural radionuclides have shown relatively high activities. The analysis of these samples revealed measurable quantities of some artificial radionuclides, namely: super(238)Pu (from 0.02 to 0.05 Bq/kg ash), super(239+240)Pu (from 0.3 to 0.6 Bq/kg ash), super(137)Cs (from 6.9 to 8.5 Bq/kg ash) and super(90)Sr (from 1.4 to 7.4 Bq/kg ash). Concentration ratios of super(238)Pu to super(239+240)Pu and super(137)Cs to super(239+240)Pu obtained seem to confirm that this artificial radioactivity is due mainly to nuclear-testing fallout. JF - Journal of Environmental Radioactivity AU - Noureddine, A AU - Baggoura, B AD - Lab. d'Environnement, Cent. de Radioprotection et de Surete (C.R.S.), 02 Bd F. Fanon, BP 399, Alger-Gare, Algiers, Algeria Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 127 EP - 138 VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 0265-931X, 0265-931X KW - Algeria, Ghazaouet Bay KW - MED, Algeria, Ghazaouet Bay KW - cesium KW - marine pollution KW - marine sediments KW - pollution monitoring KW - sediment pollution KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Marine KW - radioactivity KW - plutonium KW - radioisotopes KW - strontium KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 8000:RADIATION KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15682001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Radioactivity&rft.atitle=Plutonium+isotopes%2C+super%28137%29Cs%2C+super%2890%29Sr+and+natural+radioactivity+in+marine+sediments+from+Ghazaouet+%28Algeria%29&rft.au=Noureddine%2C+A%3BBaggoura%2C+B&rft.aulast=Noureddine&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Radioactivity&rft.issn=0265931X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pollution monitoring; plutonium; radioactivity; marine pollution; radioisotopes; sediment pollution; strontium; cesium; marine sediments; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism of Hexachlorobenzene in Humans: Association between Serum Levels and Urinary Metabolites in a Highly Exposed Population AN - 14439985; 10530097 AB - Blood and urine were collected from 100 residents of a village located near an organochlorine factory in Spain that releases high levels of airborne hexachlorobenzene (HCB). Blood of all subjects contained HCB. All urine contained pentachlorophenol (PCP). The main HCB urinary metabolite was identified as a sulfur derivative that hydrolyzed to pentachlorobenzenethiol (PCBT). Levels of this compound were highest in subjects with the highest serum HCB levels, especially males. PCBT levels in urine after hydrolysis could be used as a biological indicator of HCB exposure. The association between urinary PCP and serum HCB was less strong. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - To-Figueras, Jordi AU - Sala, Maria AU - Otero, Raquel AU - Barrot, Carme AU - Santiago-Silva, Mary AU - Rodamilans, Miquel AU - Herrero, Carme Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 78 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - SPAIN KW - POPULATION SAMPLING KW - PUBLIC HEALTH KW - HEXACHLOROBENZENE KW - PENTACHLOROPHENOL KW - BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS, AIR KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14439985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Metabolism+of+Hexachlorobenzene+in+Humans%3A+Association+between+Serum+Levels+and+Urinary+Metabolites+in+a+Highly+Exposed+Population&rft.au=To-Figueras%2C+Jordi%3BSala%2C+Maria%3BOtero%2C+Raquel%3BBarrot%2C+Carme%3BSantiago-Silva%2C+Mary%3BRodamilans%2C+Miquel%3BHerrero%2C+Carme&rft.aulast=To-Figueras&rft.aufirst=Jordi&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=78&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - SPAIN; POPULATION SAMPLING; BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS, AIR; PUBLIC HEALTH; HEXACHLOROBENZENE; PENTACHLOROPHENOL ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure Assessment for Workers Applying DDT to Control Malaria in Veracruz, Mexico AN - 14439251; 10530099 AB - More than 330 people who applied DDT in homes in Veracruz, Mexico to eradicate malaria were surveyed for occupational exposure to the pesticide by questionnaire. Most (80%) had worked with DDT for 20 years or more. Samples of adipose tissue were analyzed in 40 workers, and the average DDT concentration was 104.48 mu g/g. DDE, the indicator of chronic exposure, concentrations averaged 60.98 mu g/g. Tasks were ranked for DDT exposure intensity. This information was combined with data on protective gear use and history of recent loss of weight. Variations in DDE content of adipose tissue could be explained 55% of the time using the combined information. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Rivero-Rodriguez, Lilia AU - Borja-Aburto, Victor Hugo AU - Santos-Burgoa, Carlos AU - Waliszewskiy, Stefan AU - Rios, Camilo AU - Cruz, Veronica Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 98 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS KW - DDE KW - HEALTH SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL KW - MEXICO KW - DDT KW - PROTECTIVE CLOTHING KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14439251?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Exposure+Assessment+for+Workers+Applying+DDT+to+Control+Malaria+in+Veracruz%2C+Mexico&rft.au=Rivero-Rodriguez%2C+Lilia%3BBorja-Aburto%2C+Victor+Hugo%3BSantos-Burgoa%2C+Carlos%3BWaliszewskiy%2C+Stefan%3BRios%2C+Camilo%3BCruz%2C+Veronica&rft.aulast=Rivero-Rodriguez&rft.aufirst=Lilia&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=98&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 5 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - HEALTH SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL; MEXICO; BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS; DDT; DDE; PROTECTIVE CLOTHING ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ozone Exposure Assessment in a Southern California Community AN - 14439211; 10530095 AB - In 1994, outdoor and personal monitoring of ozone was conducted in a San Diego county, California, community during the spring and fall. Average personal exposure was 25% of the outdoor levels, but prediction of personal exposure could not be accurately extrapolated from outdoor levels. Subjects were likely to be outdoors on weekends when ozone levels were high, but spent the less than 35% of the peak concentration hours outdoors. Therefore, indoor ozone exposure becomes more important, but the subjects were inaccurate in recording time spent in air conditioning. Seasonal differences in the microenvironmental models used for the assessment were found. In the fall study, the data from the model was improved when distance from outdoor monitoring site was considered. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Liu, Lee-Jane Sally AU - Delfino, Ralph AU - Koutrakis, Petros Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 58 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - MATHEMATIC MODELS, AIR KW - PUBLIC HEALTH KW - DATA, AIR KW - OZONE KW - CALIFORNIA KW - MONITORING, AIR KW - SEASONAL COMPARISONS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14439211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Ozone+Exposure+Assessment+in+a+Southern+California+Community&rft.au=Liu%2C+Lee-Jane+Sally%3BDelfino%2C+Ralph%3BKoutrakis%2C+Petros&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Lee-Jane&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=58&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 8 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - MATHEMATIC MODELS, AIR; MONITORING, AIR; CALIFORNIA; PUBLIC HEALTH; SEASONAL COMPARISONS; DATA, AIR; OZONE ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Evaluation of Climate/Mortality Relationships in Large U.S. Cities and the Possible Impacts of a Climate Change AN - 14438988; 10530098 AB - The relationship between climate and mortality was investigated for 44 large cities in the United States was investigated. In the summer mortality sharply increased in East when a warm maritime airmass is present, and in the Midwest when a a the airmass is hot and dry. Mortality in cities of the south and southwest is less affected by summer weather. Daily mortality in winter is greater than that of the summer, temperature has little effect on winter mortalities. If warming trends continue, summer mortality can be expected to increase significantly. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kalkstein, Laurence S AU - Greene, JScott Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 84 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - CLIMATIC COMPARISONS KW - CLIMATE CHANGE KW - WEATHER MODIFICATION KW - UNITED STATES KW - MORTALITY PATTERNS KW - SEASONAL COMPARISONS KW - TEMPERATURE KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14438988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=An+Evaluation+of+Climate%2FMortality+Relationships+in+Large+U.S.+Cities+and+the+Possible+Impacts+of+a+Climate+Change&rft.au=Kalkstein%2C+Laurence+S%3BGreene%2C+JScott&rft.aulast=Kalkstein&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=84&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 5 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - WEATHER MODIFICATION; UNITED STATES; MORTALITY PATTERNS; SEASONAL COMPARISONS; CLIMATIC COMPARISONS; CLIMATE CHANGE; TEMPERATURE ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reproductive Toxicity of Di-n-butylphthalate in a Continuous Breeding Protocol in Sprague-Dawley Rats AN - 14438716; 10530100 AB - Di-n-butylphthalate (DBP) is an ester that is used in plastics manufacture, and many consumer products. Reproductive toxicity was investigated in rats of both sexes fed various concentrations of DBP in diet and mated. Live litter size was decreased for all dose levels, and pup body weights were significantly reduced in those on the highest doses. When only males were treated, body weight reduction in offspring was not demonstrated. Body weight was reduced in dams, and both sexes had increased the ratios of liver and kidney to body weight. Sperm and estrous were unaffected. When the offspring were mated, adverse reproductive effects were significant in the highest dose group, and included sperm abnormalities and histological abnormalities of testes. Ovaries and uteruses of females were unaffected. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Wine, Robert N AU - Li, Ling-Hong AU - Barnes, Leta Hommel AU - Gulati, Dushyant K AU - Chapin, Robert E Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 102 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - SEX COMPARISONS KW - SPERM KW - PHTHALIC ACID ESTERS KW - REPRODUCTION, ANIMAL KW - TESTIS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14438716?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Reproductive+Toxicity+of+Di-n-butylphthalate+in+a+Continuous+Breeding+Protocol+in+Sprague-Dawley+Rats&rft.au=Wine%2C+Robert+N%3BLi%2C+Ling-Hong%3BBarnes%2C+Leta+Hommel%3BGulati%2C+Dushyant+K%3BChapin%2C+Robert+E&rft.aulast=Wine&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=102&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 6 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - SEX COMPARISONS; SPERM; PHTHALIC ACID ESTERS; REPRODUCTION, ANIMAL; TESTIS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - a Reevaluation of Cancer Incidence Near the Three Mile Island Nuclear Plant: The Collision of Evidence and Assumptions AN - 14438681; 10530094 AB - Data collected on leukemia incidence, lung cancer incidence, and cancer incidence in a ten mile radius of Three Mile Island was reanalyzed for the time period from 1975 to 1985. The accidental emission of ionizing radiation occurred in 1979. The reanalysis showed that increased cancer incidence in the area was related to radiation exposure. The finding refutes the results of an earlier study that failed to find an increase in cancer rates due to methodological and logical errors. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Wing, Steve AU - Richardson, David AU - Armstrong, Donna AU - Crawford-Brown, Douglas Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 52 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - CANCER RISK KW - RADIATION, ATOMIC, DOSES KW - CONTAMINATION INCIDENTS KW - PUBLIC HEALTH KW - DATA, BIOLOGICAL KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14438681?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=a+Reevaluation+of+Cancer+Incidence+Near+the+Three+Mile+Island+Nuclear+Plant%3A+The+Collision+of+Evidence+and+Assumptions&rft.au=Wing%2C+Steve%3BRichardson%2C+David%3BArmstrong%2C+Donna%3BCrawford-Brown%2C+Douglas&rft.aulast=Wing&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=52&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 3 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - CANCER RISK; RADIATION, ATOMIC, DOSES; PUBLIC HEALTH; CONTAMINATION INCIDENTS; DATA, BIOLOGICAL ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Demographic Risk Factors Associated with Elevated Lead Levels in Texas Medicaid Children AN - 14438221; 10530096 AB - During 1993, more than 92,000 Texas children on Medicaid were screened for blood lead levels. More than 14% of children age 25 to 36 months had elevated levels. Among children age 19 to 24 months and 37 to 48 months, elevated levels were found in 13 and 12%, respectively. Levels in boys were higher across all ethnic groups, but levels were elevated in 17.3% of African American boys. Elevated blood lead levels were found in only 4.8% of white girls over four years old, the group least affected by lead poisoning. The risk factors for lead poisoning included age, gender and ethnicity and were the same as those found in the National Health and Nutrition Examination survey. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kurtin, Danna AU - Therrell, Bradford L AU - Patterson, Patti Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 66 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 105 IS - 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - SEX COMPARISONS KW - TEXAS KW - POPULATION SAMPLING KW - BLOOD LEAD LEVEL KW - PUBLIC HEALTH KW - AGE COMPARISONS KW - SOCIOECONOMICS KW - LEAD POISONING KW - DEMOGRAPHY KW - RACIAL COMPARISONS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14438221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Demographic+Risk+Factors+Associated+with+Elevated+Lead+Levels+in+Texas+Medicaid+Children&rft.au=Kurtin%2C+Danna%3BTherrell%2C+Bradford+L%3BPatterson%2C+Patti&rft.aulast=Kurtin&rft.aufirst=Danna&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=66&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 4 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - SEX COMPARISONS; SOCIOECONOMICS; POPULATION SAMPLING; TEXAS; LEAD POISONING; DEMOGRAPHY; PUBLIC HEALTH; BLOOD LEAD LEVEL; RACIAL COMPARISONS; AGE COMPARISONS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maximum axial growth pressures of the lateral roots of pea and eucalypt AN - 1034819671; 17025662 AB - Although lateral roots may contribute significantly towards growth and nourishment of plants, the mechanics of their elongation behaviour in strong soils is not well known. The aim of this study is to report maximum axial growth pressures (p) and maximum elongation rates (E) of the lateral roots of an annual herbaceous plant (pea) and a woody perennial (eucalypt). As such measurements have not been reported previously, measurements of P and E for lateral roots were compared with the primary roots of pea for which reports are widespread. Values of P were estimated from the measured maximum values of axial force and root diameter on single, intact roots of seedlings in the laboratory. Additional measurements of both P and E were made for the lateral roots of pea when the growth of the remaining root axes was stopped (with removal of tips) to determine the overall effects of root-growth-inhibition on P and E of single roots. Values of P and E for lateral roots of pea were significantly greater than those for the lateral roots of eucalypt. Although root diameter for the primary roots of pea were similar to those for the lateral roots of eucalypt, the former exerted nearly twice as much pressure as the latter. The lateral roots of pea elongated significantly slower than the primary roots; however, P of lateral roots was significantly lower than the primary roots when elongation of all other roots was inhibited during the measurements. Production and/or development of lateral roots increased when elongation of the remaining roots (both primary and lateral roots) of pea seedlings was restricted due to the removal of root tips and exposure of one of the lateral roots to high strength. In general, maximum axial force exerted by primary and lateral roots was similar for roots of 1 mm. As axial pressure of lateral roots was independent of root diameter, thickening of root tips is less likely to assist penetration of lateral roots in strong soils. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Misra, R K AD - Cooperative Research Centre for Temperate Hardwood Forestry, G.P.O. Box 252-12, Hobart, Tasmania, 70015, Australia Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 161 EP - 170 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 188 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Soil KW - Elongation KW - Roots KW - Seedlings KW - Pressure KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1034819671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Maximum+axial+growth+pressures+of+the+lateral+roots+of+pea+and+eucalypt&rft.au=Misra%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Misra&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=188&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1004257516696 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Elongation; Roots; Seedlings; Pressure DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004257516696 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhalation teratology and reproduction studies with 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123). AN - 78614528; 8954757 AB - HCFC 123 is one of the chemicals being developed as a replacement for CFC 11 in refrigerant and solvent applications. Supplementing earlier rat teratology studies, a rabbit inhalation teratology study was conducted. In addition, one-generation and two-generation inhalation reproduction studies were conducted. In the teratology study, the pregnant rabbits were exposed to levels of 0 (control), 500, 1500, and 5000 ppm, 6 hr per day from Days 6 through 18 of gestation. Slight body weight losses and reduced food consumption were seen in does in all three exposure level groups. This response followed an exposure-related pattern. There were no other signs of maternal toxicity. There was also no evidence of treatment-related effects on the kits. A probe one-generation reproduction study was conducted. In this study four groups of 12 male and 12 female rats were exposed to vapors of HCFC 123 6 hr per day, 7 days per week from 4 weeks prior to mating through weaning of their offspring. The exposure levels for this study were 0 (control), 300, 1000, and 5000 ppm. There were no effects on mating and fertility, or on pup survival or birth weight. A two-generation study was subsequently conducted. In this study, five groups of 32 male and female rats were exposed to HCFC 123 from 6 weeks of age through weaning. From the offspring of these animals, groups of 28 males and females were selected for the F1 generation. These animals were exposed to HCFC 123 from weaning (4 weeks of age) through weaning of the F1 generation. All exposures were 6 hr per day, 7 days per week. The exposure levels for this study were 0 (control), 30, 100, 300, and 1000 ppm. There were no effects on any of the fertility or reproductive indices measured. As with prior studies, decreases in serum triglyceride levels were seen. Pup survival and birth weight were unaffected by treatment. Pup body weight gain was lower in all treatment groups during nursing, following an exposure-related pattern. Since weight gain for the F1 animals was normal following weaning, this depression of body weight gain may be related to the depression of serum triglycerides. In addition, liver weights of the adult rats exposed to levels of 100 ppm and higher of HCFC 123 were higher than controls, histological examination revealed only hepatic enlargement and vacuolation. It was concluded that exposure to HCFC 123 did not cause reproductive effects although it did effect the body weight gain of the offspring during lactation. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Malinverno, G AU - Rusch, G M AU - Millischer, R J AU - Hughes, E W AU - Schroeder, R E AU - Coombs, D W AD - Ausimont CRS, Via San Pietro 50, Bollate, 20021, Italy. Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - December 1996 SP - 276 EP - 287 VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Chlorofluorocarbons KW - 0 KW - Chlorofluorocarbons, Ethane KW - Hormones KW - 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane KW - 306-83-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Litter Size -- drug effects KW - Paternal Exposure KW - Leydig Cell Tumor -- pathology KW - Hormones -- blood KW - Rabbits KW - Maternal Exposure KW - Pregnancy KW - Sexual Maturation -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Leydig Cell Tumor -- chemically induced KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Species Specificity KW - Female KW - Male KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- pathology KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Chlorofluorocarbons -- administration & dosage KW - Chlorofluorocarbons -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78614528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Inhalation+teratology+and+reproduction+studies+with+1%2C1-dichloro-2%2C2%2C2-trifluoroethane+%28HCFC-123%29.&rft.au=Malinverno%2C+G%3BRusch%2C+G+M%3BMillischer%2C+R+J%3BHughes%2C+E+W%3BSchroeder%2C+R+E%3BCoombs%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Malinverno&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=276&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Federal Support for Education. Fiscal Years 1980 to 1996. AN - 62615296; ED404364 AB - This report attempts to provide a comprehensive picture of total federal financial support for education since fiscal year 1980. It takes into account programs that reside in Federal agencies other than the Department of Education if they have significant educational components. Federal support for education, excluding estimated Federal tax expenditures was an estimated $96.4 billion in fiscal year (FY) 1996, an increase of $33.6 billion, or 54%, since FY 1990. After adjustment for inflation, Federal support for education increased 29% between FY '90 and FY '96. In FY '96, on-budget Federal funds for education programs were estimated to be $70.9 billion, an increase of 37% since FY 90 in current dollars or an increase of 15% after being adjusted for inflation. Off-budget support and nonFederal funds generated by Federal legislation were estimated at $25.6 billion, an increase of 92% in constant dollars since FY '90. Between FY '90 and FY '96 funds for elementary and secondary education increased 34% in constant dollars. Over 58% of Federal education support, excluding estimated Federal tax expenditures, went to educational institutions in FY '96. The estimated share of expenditures of educational institutions declined from 14% in FY '80 to 10% in FY '90, but rose to 11% in FY '96. Six appendixes present detailed tables of expenditures. (Contains nine tables, six appendix tables, and three figures.) (SLD) AU - Hoffman, Charlene M. Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - December 1996 SP - 55 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-97-384 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Federal Aid KW - Government Role KW - Educational Finance KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Educational Trends KW - Higher Education KW - Expenditures KW - Tax Allocation KW - Public Agencies KW - Budgeting KW - Trend Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62615296?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Adjusting for Coverage Bias Using Telephone Service Interruption Data. National Household Education Survey of 1993. Technical Report. AN - 62613116; ED404363 AB - The National Household Education Survey (NHES) is a data collection system of the National Center for Education Statistics. The NHES is a telephone survey of the noninstitutionalized civilian population using households selected using random digit dialing methods. Approximately 60,000 households are screened for each administration, and people who meet predetermined criteria are sampled for more detailed or extended interviews. This report is a continuation of research on issues related to biases that result from the inability to survey people who are in households without telephones. It describes a study of an alternative method for adjusting telephone survey data to compensate for coverage bias. The method is based on the observation that telephone subscription varies within households over time. Weighting adjustments that use the data from households that have telephones only sometimes during the year might be an improvement over the current way of adjusting data. Findings indicate that coverage bias associated with households without telephones could be important for some statistics, and data collected on telephone service interruptions can be used to reduce this bias by using a response probability type of adjustment. The benefits of the bias reduction appear to be large enough to offset the variance increases due to increased variability in the weights in the study, although the results may differ for different size samples. Further research is needed, however, before the procedure can be recommended. (Contains 8 tables, 7 figures, and 10 references.) (SLD) AU - Brick, Michael J. Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - December 1996 SP - 43 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160489172 KW - National Household Education Survey KW - Random Digit Dialing KW - Weighting (Statistical) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Telephone Surveys KW - Probability KW - Responses KW - Research Methodology KW - Data Collection KW - Sampling KW - Sample Size KW - National Surveys KW - Statistical Bias UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62613116?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Building Knowledge for a Nation of Learners: A Framework for Education Research 1997. A Report by the Assistant Secretary, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, Sharon P. Robinson, and the National Educational Research Policy and Priorities Board. AN - 62609055; ED404379 AB - This report, first of a biennial series, establishes national priorities for education research. The priorities reflect the ideas and concerns of students, parents, educators, community members, policymakers, and researchers. The seven national priorities that are defined are: (1) improving learning and development in early childhood; (2) improving curriculum, instruction, assessment, and student learning at all levels of education; (3) ensuring effective teaching by expanding the supply of potential teachers, improving teacher preparation, and promoting career-long professional development at all levels of education; (4) strengthening schools; (5) supporting schools to prepare diverse populations to meet high standards; (6) promoting learning in informal and formal settings; and (7) understanding the changing requirements for adult competence. Within each of these priorities, it will be essential to ensure equity and reflect diversity, stress the importance of the family, and fulfill the promise of educational technology. These priorities proceed from the belief that public schools should become more public in spirit and in practice. (Contains 114 references.) (SLD) Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - December 1996 SP - 122 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 016048944X KW - Priorities KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Educational Objectives KW - Teacher Education KW - Academic Achievement KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Early Childhood Education KW - Professional Development KW - Higher Education KW - Teacher Supply and Demand KW - Needs Assessment KW - Models KW - Family Involvement KW - Curriculum Development KW - Research Needs KW - Standards KW - Educational Assessment KW - Educational Technology KW - Educational Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62609055?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - International Education Indicators: A Time Series Perspective. AN - 62608243; ED404365 AB - Educational issues across the different member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) are compared in this report. The OECD is made up of 26 developed countries. The indicators used in this analysis cover the years 1985 to 1991, a 7-year time series to study trends in policy. The indicators in this report provide data on how close the United States is to meeting its own educational goals defined in the National Education Goals of 1990, as well as how the country compares to other nations. Highlighted in the report are the basic components of education, including enrollment, expenditures, and outcomes. By examining economic and demographic characteristics, the education system of each country is placed in its proper context. The 12 indicators are grouped into 5 sections: (1) the social and economic context of education; (2) participation in education; (3) human and financial resources; (4) system outcomes; and (5) labor market outcomes. Most countries showed increases in educational participation, enrollment in tertiary education, expenditures on public education, expenditures per student, and first degree graduation rates. However, the percentage of graduate degrees awarded in most OECD countries in the sciences dropped overall between 1985 and 1991. An attachment contains supplemental notes and tables. (Contains 12 tables, 4 supplemental tables, and 16 figures.) (SLD) AU - Perie, Marianne Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - December 1996 SP - 129 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-97-059 KW - Organisation for Economic Cooperation Development KW - Time Series Analysis KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Educational Objectives KW - Educational Indicators KW - Educational Finance KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Educational Trends KW - International Education KW - Higher Education KW - Outcomes of Education KW - Expenditures KW - Economic Factors KW - Demography KW - Comparative Analysis KW - International Studies KW - Foreign Countries KW - Educational Policy KW - Developed Nations KW - Enrollment KW - Labor Market UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62608243?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Teachers' Working Conditions. Findings from "The Condition of Education, 1996," No. 7. AN - 62603984; ED406348 AB - Working conditions play an important role in a school's ability to attract, develop, and retain effective teachers. Data presented here describe a number of aspects of teachers' working conditions, including workload, compensation, school and district support for teachers' professional development, school decision making, school safety, student readiness to learn, and public respect for teachers. Results of the study revealed: (1) teachers put in more than a 40-hour week, on average, counting time spent outside of school; (2) average salaries tend to be lower than those of many other professionals, but, adjusting for inflation, teachers' salaries increased substantially during the 1980s; (3) professional development is supported by most schools and districts; (4) more than four out of five teachers reported that they had substantial control over what they taught and the texts and materials they used, and over disciplining students; and (5) public school teachers are increasingly worried about school safety at both the elementary and secondary levels. As a group, public school teachers appear to face more difficult working conditions than private school teachers, such as larger classes and less perceived influence over important school policies. However, public school teachers earn substantially more than private school teachers on average. Conditions for public school teachers also vary depending on the school's size and location, and the percentage of low income students in the school. (Contains 24 references.) (ND) AU - Choy, Susan P. Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - December 1996 SP - 35 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-97-371 KW - Condition of Education (NCES) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Public Schools KW - Educational Environment KW - Teacher Characteristics KW - Teacher Attitudes KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Public School Teachers KW - Teaching Conditions KW - Teacher Salaries KW - Statistical Surveys KW - Private Schools KW - Faculty Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62603984?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For "The Condition of Education, 1996," see ED 394 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Preparation for Work. Findings from "The Condition of Education, 1996," No. 8. AN - 62603820; ED404550 AB - This report contains data from "The Condition of Education 1996" on issues that are central to the process of work preparation: course-taking patterns among high school and postsecondary students, student experience as it relates to preparation for entry into the labor force, and adult involvement in education and training while employed. Some of the findings are as follows: (1) high school graduates in 1994 took a much higher percentage of courses in academic core subjects than did graduates in 1982; (2) high school students' access to and use of computers increased substantially between 1984 and 1993; (3) proficiency levels of 17-year-olds have improved in mathematics and science since the late 1970s; (4) increasing proportions of high school graduates are entering postsecondary education immediately after high school; (5) postsecondary subbaccalaureate degree majors vary considerably by sex and race-ethnicity; (6) at the baccalaureate level, students are more likely to major in applied fields of study, rather than more general, liberal arts education; (7) nearly 30 percent of high school students work at least part time; (8) almost half of full-time and 85 percent of part-time college students were employed in 1993; and (9) many adults participate in education for work-related purposes, and many receive on-the-job training. (KC) AU - Medrich, Elliott Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - December 1996 SP - 28 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160489709 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Student Employment KW - Academic Education KW - High School Graduates KW - Employment Level KW - Males KW - Academic Achievement KW - Majors (Students) KW - Higher Education KW - Work Experience KW - High Schools KW - Course Selection (Students) KW - College Students KW - Females KW - Academic Standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62603820?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For "The Condition of Education, 1996," see ED 394 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The Schools and Staffing Survey. Recommendations for the Future. Conference Proceedings. AN - 62600299; ED404370 AB - The Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS) was designed by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) to provide recurrent information about public and private elementary and secondary schools, teachers, and administrators. The NCES commissioned these papers to examine the SASS and to make recommendations about its future. The following papers, presented at 1996 NCES seminars, are included: (1) "Should SASS Measure Instructional Processes and Teacher Effectiveness?" (Susan Stodolsky); (2) "Toward an Organizational Database on America's Schools: A Proposal for the Future of SASS, with Comments on School Reform, Governance, and Finance" (David P. Baker); (3) "Technology for K-12 Education: Asking the Right Questions" (Kathleen Fulton); (4) "Linking Student Data to SASS: Why, When, How" (Phillip Kaufman); (5) "Making Data Relevant for Policy Discussions: Recommendations for Redesigning the School Administrator Questionnaire for the 1998-99 SASS" (Henry Zheng); (6) "Measures of Inservice Professional Development: Suggested Items for the 1998-99 Schools and Staffing Survey" (Dorothy M. Gilford); (7) "District-Level Data in the Schools and Staffing Survey" (J. Michael Ross); (8) "Use of Education Information Systems with the Schools and Staffing Survey: How Can SASS Be Linked to Schools?" (Rolf K. Blank); (9) "Collecting Representative Data on School Resources: Understanding the Linkage between Adequacy, Equity, and Opportunity To Learn through SASS" (Jay G. Chambers); (10) "The Schools and Staffing Survey for 1998-99: Design Recommendations To Inform Broad Education Policy" (Erling E. Boe); (11) "1998-99 Schools and Staffing Survey: Issues Related to Survey Depth" (Susan P. Choy); and (12) "Reflections on the Papers Prepared for the Schools and Staffing Survey Seminar Series" (John Howard Burkett). Each paper contains references. (SLD) AU - Mullens, John E. AU - Kasprzyk, Daniel Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - December 1996 SP - 248 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 016048961X KW - Schools and Staffing Survey (NCES) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Teacher Characteristics KW - Educational Finance KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Teacher Supply and Demand KW - National Surveys KW - Databases KW - Public Schools KW - Educational Change KW - Educational Policy KW - Research Utilization KW - Data Collection KW - Private Schools KW - Futures (of Society) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62600299?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Reading Literacy in an International Perspective: Collected Papers from the IEA Reading Literacy Study. AN - 62597889; ED402570 AB - Presenting nine papers from the IEA (International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement) Reading Literacy Study that place results in an international perspective, this report address factors related to variation in literacy outcomes, both across and within countries; the teaching of reading; and the quality of life in schools. The nations focused on in the report are Denmark, Finland, France, the former West Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. Papers in the report are "Social Inequality, Social Segregation, and Their Relationship to Reading Literacy in 22 Countries" (Stephen W. Raudenbush and others); "A Nine-Country Study: What Were the Differences between the Low- and High-Performing Students in the IEA Reading Literacy Study?" (Karin Taube and Jan Mejding); "Reading Literacy among Immigrant Students in the United States and the Former West Germany" (Rainer Lehmann); "Comparison of Reading Literacy across Languages in Spanish Fourth Graders" (Guillermo A. Gil and others); "Teaching Reading in the United States and Finland" (Marilyn R. Binkley and Pirjo Linnakyla); "A Nine-Country Study: How Do Teachers Teach Reading to 9-Year-Olds?" (Emilie Barrier and Daniel Robin); "Consistencies in the Quality of School Life" (Trevor Williams and Stephen Roey); "Quality of School Life in the Finnish- and Swedish-Speaking Schools in Finland" (Pirjo Linnakyla and Viking Brunell); and "Analysis of the Williams and Batten Questionnaire on the Quality of School Life in Spain" (Guillermo A. Gil). (RS) AU - Binkley, Marilyn Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - December 1996 SP - 253 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160489571 KW - International Assn Evaluation Educ Achievement KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Questionnaires KW - Immigrants KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - School Culture KW - Reading Research KW - Cross Cultural Studies KW - Comparative Analysis KW - Reading Achievement KW - Foreign Countries KW - Educational Environment KW - Reading Instruction KW - Literacy KW - Teaching Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62597889?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Fair Use Guidelines for Educational Multimedia. Subcommittee on Courts and Intellectual Property of the Committee on the Judiciary. House of Representatives. One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session. AN - 62597605; ED402920 AB - This nonlegislative report presents guidelines for the interpretation of the fair use provisions of the Copyright Act of 1976. Technological developments since 1976 have necessitated the re-interpretation of the fair use exemption contained in the Copyright Act by copyright owners and the educational community to allow educators to apply the Act appropriately. The guidelines in this report were agreed upon by the majority of institutions and organizations affected by educational multimedia. While only the courts can decide whether a particular use of a copyrighted work fits within the fair use exemption, these guidelines represent the participants' consensus view of what constitutes the fair use of a portion of a work included in a multimedia educational project. Permitted educational uses and specific portion and time limitations are included to help educators, scholars, and students more easily identify whether using a portion of a certain copyrighted work constitutes a fair use of that work. The guidelines grant a relative degree of certainty that a use within the guideline will not be perceived as an infringement of the Copyright Act by the endorsing copyright owners, and that permission for such use will not be required. Appendices include lists of organizations, individual companies, institutions, and United States governmental agencies endorsing the guidelines; and organizations participating in guideline development. (Author/SWC) Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - December 1996 SP - 18 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160538920 KW - Congress 104th KW - Copyright Law 1976 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Technological Advancement KW - Reprography KW - Government Role KW - Copyrights KW - Publishing Industry KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Legal Responsibility KW - Fair Use (Copyrights) KW - Information Utilization KW - Access to Information KW - Federal Regulation KW - Educational Resources KW - Compliance (Legal) KW - Multimedia Materials KW - Educational Media UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62597605?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Ser. No. 11. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Realizing the Potential: Improving Postsecondary Teaching, Learning, and Assessment. AN - 62583881; ED404939 AB - This report summarizes research findings on the improvement of postsecondary teaching, learning, and assessment. It was found that 2-year and 4-year institutions provided relatively equal cognitive gains for students after the initial year, and that African American students attending historically black colleges or universities showed comparable first-year cognitive gains to their counterparts attending predominantly white institutions. It was also found that the most influential experiences in noncontent learning for students involved human interactions with other students and faculty. Active student involvement in their own learning (through collaborative learning, internships, and meaningful work-study) brought students greater learning effectiveness. Research indicated that while faculty are innovative and adjust their teaching styles to accommodate students' needs, little reward exists in the system for such investment. Faculty who spent more time on research and publishing and less time on teaching earned the highest salaries. It is concluded that faculty, administrators, and state legislators need to welcome diversity, assess student development to show pathways to improvement, and support efforts to encourage, educate, and assist new faculty to become skilled and proficient at curriculum planning, instruction, and advising. (Contains 70 references.) (MDM) AU - Ratcliff, James L. Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - December 1996 SP - 55 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160489644 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Learning KW - Instructional Effectiveness KW - Access to Education KW - Higher Education KW - Student Development KW - Educational Improvement KW - Outcomes of Education KW - College Faculty KW - College Role KW - Minority Groups KW - Educational Policy KW - Community Colleges KW - College Students KW - College Instruction KW - Student Evaluation KW - Universities KW - Educational Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62583881?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interprovincial Resource Transfers in China, 1952-90 AN - 61443230; 9703897 AB - Interprovincial resource transfers in the People's Republic of China 1952-1990 are examined through analysis of reconstructed data on national income & provincial resources. Analysis reveals that over the past four decades, interprovincial resource transfers have been maintained at a level of 14% of total national resources. Over the study period, dramatic fluctuations in interprovincial resource transfers occurred, forming six distinct subperiods: (1) 1952-1957, a steady increase in interprovincial resource redistribution; (2) 1958-1967, less-concentrated interprovincial resource movement; (3) 1968-1970, peak levels of transferred resources; (4) 1971-1975, lower concentration of resource transfers; (5) 1976-1978, rapid increases in interprovincial resource transfers; & (6) 1979-1990, continuing decline in interprovincial resource transfers. Differences among provinces in interprovincial resource transfers are discussed. 3 Tables, 4 Figures, 20 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - International Journal of Urban and Regional Research AU - Zhou, Qingsheng AD - Dept Urban Affairs & Planning Office Housing Policy, GPO Box 3927 Sydney 2001 Australia Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - December 1996 SP - 571 EP - 586 VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0309-1317, 0309-1317 KW - interprovincial resource transfers, People's Republic of China, 1952-1990 KW - reconstructed national income/regional resources data KW - Peoples Republic of China KW - Resource Allocation KW - Economic Development KW - Provinces KW - Regional Differences KW - Economic Structure KW - Regional Development KW - Gross National Product KW - article KW - 0715: social change and economic development; social change & economic development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61443230?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Urban+and+Regional+Research&rft.atitle=Interprovincial+Resource+Transfers+in+China%2C+1952-90&rft.au=Zhou%2C+Qingsheng&rft.aulast=Zhou&rft.aufirst=Qingsheng&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Urban+and+Regional+Research&rft.issn=03091317&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - IJURDZ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gross National Product; Regional Differences; Regional Development; Resource Allocation; Peoples Republic of China; Provinces; Economic Structure; Economic Development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phase II metabolism of benzene. AN - 21353593; 7716577 AB - The hepatic metabolism of benzene is thought to be a prerequisite for its bony marrow toxicity. However, the complete pattern of benzene metabolites formed in the liver and their role in bone marrow toxicity are not fully understood. Therefore, benzene metabolism was studied in isolated rodent hepatocytes. Rat hepatocytes released benzene-1,2-dihydrodiol, hydroquinone (HQ), catechol (CT), phenol (PH), trans-trans-muconic acid, and a number of phase II metabolites such as PH sulfate and PH glucuronide. Pretreatment of animals with 3-methylcholantrene (3-MC) markedly increased PH glucuronide formation while PH sulfate formation was decreased. Likewise, V79 cells transfected with the 3-MC-inducible rat UGT1.6 cDNA showed a considerable rate of PH and HQ glucuronidation. In addition to inducing glucuronidation of phenols, 3-MC treatment (reported to protect rats from the myelotoxicity of benzene) resulted in a decrease of hepatic CYP2E1. In contrast, pretreatment of rats with the CYP2E1-inducer isopropanol strongly enhanced benzene metabolism and the formation of phenolic metabolites. Mouse hepatocytes formed much higher amounts of HQ than rat hepatocytes and considerable amounts of 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene (THB) sulfate and HQ sulfate. In conclusion, the protective effect of 3-MC in rats is probably due to a shift from the labile PH sulfate to the more stable PH glucuronide, and to a decrease in hepatic CYP2E1. The higher susceptibility of mice toward benzene may be related to the high rate of formation of the myelotoxic metabolite HQ and the semistable phase II metabolites HQ sulfate and THB sulfate. Images Figure 4. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Schrenk, D AU - Orzechowski, A AU - Schwarz, L R AU - Snyder, R AU - Burchell, B AU - Ingelman-Sundberg, M AU - Bock, K W AD - Institute of Toxicology, University of Tuebingen, Germany. dieter.schrenk super(n)ituebingen.de Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - December 1996 SP - 1183 EP - 1188 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 VL - 104 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Hepatocytes KW - Hydroquinone KW - Liver KW - Bone marrow KW - phenolic compounds KW - Metabolites KW - Toxicity KW - Benzene KW - Phenols KW - Sulfate KW - Catechol KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21353593?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Phase+II+metabolism+of+benzene.&rft.au=Schrenk%2C+D%3BOrzechowski%2C+A%3BSchwarz%2C+L+R%3BSnyder%2C+R%3BBurchell%2C+B%3BIngelman-Sundberg%2C+M%3BBock%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Schrenk&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-04-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hepatocytes; Hydroquinone; Bone marrow; Liver; phenolic compounds; Metabolites; Toxicity; Phenols; Benzene; Catechol; Sulfate ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preface AN - 21318788; 11703664 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Snyder, Robert Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1121 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 104 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21318788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Preface&rft.au=Snyder%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phenylguanine found in urine after benzene exposure. AN - 21270472; 11701775 AB - Comparative investigations with synthetic N7-phenylguanine were carried out to clarify whether this compound is eliminated via the urine of rats as a benzene-derived nucleic acid adduct. As sensitive methods for detecting trace amounts of the compound, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, and two immunoassays (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fluoroimmunoassay) with appropriate monoclonal antibodies were used. The results indicate the excretion of several benzene-related guanine adducts slightly different from N7-phenylguanine that may possibly be hydroxylated. These adducts differ also from (O6-, N2- and C8-phenylguanine, respectively. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Norpoth, K H AU - Muller, G AU - Schell, C AU - Jorg, E AD - Institute of Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center, Essen, Germany, tha020@sp2.power.uni-essen.de Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1159 EP - 1163 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 104 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Rats KW - Urine KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Excretion KW - Spectroscopy KW - Immunoassays KW - Nucleic acids KW - Benzene KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21270472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Phenylguanine+found+in+urine+after+benzene+exposure.&rft.au=Norpoth%2C+K+H%3BMuller%2C+G%3BSchell%2C+C%3BJorg%2C+E&rft.aulast=Norpoth&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rats; Liquid chromatography; Urine; Excretion; Spectroscopy; Immunoassays; Benzene; Nucleic acids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biomarkers of environmental benzene exposure. AN - 21268575; 11703665 AB - Environmental exposures to benzene result in increases in body burden that are reflected in various biomarkers of exposure, including benzene in exhaled breath, benzene in blood and urinary trans-trans-muconic acid and S-phenylmercapturic acid. A review of the literature indicates that these biomarkers can be used to distinguish populations with different levels of exposure (such as smokers from nonsmokers and occupationally exposed from environmentally exposed populations) and to determine differences in metabolism. Biomarkers in humans have shown that the percentage of benzene metabolized by the ring-opening pathway is greater at environmental exposures than that at higher occupational exposures, a trend similar to that found in animal studies. This suggests that the dose-response curve is nonlinear; that potential different metabolic mechanisms exist at high and low doses; and that the validity of a linear extrapolation of adverse effects measured at high doses to a population exposed to lower, environmental levels of benzene is uncertain. Time-series measurements of the biomarker, exhaled breath, were used to evaluate a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. Biases were identified between the PBPK model predictions and experimental data that were adequately described using an empirical compartmental model. It is suggested that a mapping of the PBPK model to a compartmental model can be done to optimize the parameters in the PBPK model to provide a future framework for developing a population physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Weisel, C AU - Yu, R AU - Roy, A AU - Georgopoulos, P AD - Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, USA., weisel@eohsi.rutgers.edu Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1141 EP - 1146 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 104 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Bioindicators KW - time series analysis KW - Physiology KW - Pharmacokinetics KW - Benzene KW - Urine KW - Dose-response effects KW - Reviews KW - body burden KW - Mapping KW - Metabolism KW - Occupational exposure KW - Side effects KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21268575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Biomarkers+of+environmental+benzene+exposure.&rft.au=Weisel%2C+C%3BYu%2C+R%3BRoy%2C+A%3BGeorgopoulos%2C+P&rft.aulast=Weisel&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioindicators; time series analysis; Physiology; Benzene; Pharmacokinetics; Urine; Reviews; Dose-response effects; body burden; Mapping; Side effects; Occupational exposure; Metabolism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell-specific activation and detoxification of benzene metabolites in mouse and human bone marrow: identification of target cells and a potential role for modulation of apoptosis in benzene toxicity. AN - 21268557; 11703663 AB - The role of cell-specific metabolism in benzene toxicity was examined in both murine and human bone marrow. Hemopoietic progenitor cells and stromal cells are important control points for regulation of hemopoiesis. We show that the selective toxicity of hydroquinone at the level of the macrophage in murine bone marrow stroma may be explained by a high peroxidase/nicotanimide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced [NAD(P)H]:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) ratio. Peroxidases metabolize hydroquinone to the reactive 1,4-benzoquinone, whereas NQO1 reduces the quinones formed, resulting in detoxification. Peroxidase and NQO1 activity in human stromal cultures vary as a function of time in culture, with peroxidase activity decreasing and NQO1 activity increasing with time. Peroxidase activity and, more specifically, myeloperoxidase, which had previously been considered to be expressed at the promyelocyte level, was detected in murine lineage-negative and human CD34+ progenitor cells. This provides a metabolic mechanism whereby phenolic metabolites of benzene can be bioactivated in progenitor cells, which are considered initial target cells for the development of leukemias. Consequences of a high peroxidase/NQO1 ratio in HL-60 cells were shown to include hydroquinone-induced apoptosis. Hydroquinone can also inhibit proteases known to play a role in induction of apoptosis, suggesting that it may be able to inhibit apoptosis induced by other stimuli. Modulation of apoptosis may lead to aberrant hemopoiesis and neoplastic progression. This enzyme-directed approach has identified target cells of the phenolic metabolites of benzene in bone marrow and provided a metabolic basis for benzene-induced toxicity at the level of the progenitor cell in both murine and human bone marrow. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Ross, D AU - Siegel, D AU - Schattenberg, D G AU - Sun, X M AU - Moran, J L AD - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA., david.ross@uchsc.edu Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1177 EP - 1182 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 104 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Detoxification KW - Macrophages KW - Apoptosis KW - stromal cells KW - Peroxidase KW - Bone marrow KW - Cell culture KW - Metabolites KW - Benzene KW - Leukemia KW - Stem cells KW - Adenine KW - phenolic compounds KW - Proteinase KW - Hydroquinone KW - CD34 antigen KW - Toxicity KW - Phosphates KW - Phosphate KW - Quinone KW - Hemopoiesis KW - oxidoreductase KW - NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) KW - Metabolism KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21268557?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Cell-specific+activation+and+detoxification+of+benzene+metabolites+in+mouse+and+human+bone+marrow%3A+identification+of+target+cells+and+a+potential+role+for+modulation+of+apoptosis+in+benzene+toxicity.&rft.au=Ross%2C+D%3BSiegel%2C+D%3BSchattenberg%2C+D+G%3BSun%2C+X+M%3BMoran%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Macrophages; Detoxification; Apoptosis; stromal cells; Peroxidase; Hydroquinone; Bone marrow; CD34 antigen; Metabolites; Cell culture; Toxicity; Benzene; Leukemia; Stem cells; Phosphate; Quinone; Adenine; oxidoreductase; phenolic compounds; Hemopoiesis; Proteinase; NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone); Phosphates; Metabolism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An overview of benzene metabolism. AN - 21261412; 11703667 AB - Benzene toxicity involves both bone marrow depression and leukemogenesis caused by damage to multiple classes of hematopoietic cells and a variety of hematopoietic cell functions. Study of the relationship between the metabolism and toxicity of benzene indicates that several metabolites of benzene play significant roles in generating benzene toxicity. Benzene is metabolized, primarily in the liver, to a variety of hydroxylated and ring-opened products that are transported to the bone marrow where subsequent secondary metabolism occurs. Two potential mechanisms by which benzene metabolites may damage cellular macromolecules to induce toxicity include the covalent binding of reactive metabolites of benzene and the capacity of benzene metabolites to induce oxidative damage. Although the relative contributions of each of these mechanisms to toxicity remains unestablished, it is clear that different mechanisms contribute to the toxicities associated with different metabolites. As a corollary, it is unlikely that benzene toxicity can be described as the result of the interaction of a single metabolite with a single biological target. Continued investigation of the metabolism of benzene and its metabolites will allow us to determine the specific combination of metabolites as well as the biological target(s) involved in toxicity and will ultimately lead to our understanding of the relationship between the production of benzene metabolites and bone marrow toxicity. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Snyder, R AU - Hedli, C C AD - Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway 08855, USA, rsnyder@eohsi.rutgers.edu Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1165 EP - 1171 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 104 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Bone marrow KW - Liver KW - Metabolites KW - Toxicity KW - depression KW - Benzene KW - Metabolism KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21261412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=An+overview+of+benzene+metabolism.&rft.au=Snyder%2C+R%3BHedli%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Liver; Bone marrow; Metabolites; Toxicity; depression; Metabolism; Benzene ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leukemia mortality by cell type in petroleum workers with potential exposure to benzene. AN - 21260974; 11701777 AB - Workers in the petroleum industry are potentially exposed to a variety of petrochemicals, including benzene or benzene-containing liquids. Although a large number of studies of petroleum workers have been conducted to examine leukemia and other cancer risks, few existing studies have investigated cell-type-specific leukemias. One of the major reasons for the lack of cell-type-specific analysis was the small number of deaths by cell type in individual studies. In the present investigation, all cohort studies of petroleum workers in the United States and the United Kingdom were combined into a single database for cell-type-specific leukemia analysis. The majority of these workers were petroleum refinery employees, but production, pipeline, and distribution workers in the petroleum industry were also included. The combined cohort consisted of more than 208,000 petroleum workers, who contributed more than 4.6 million person-years of observation. Based on a meta-analysis of the combined data, cell-type-specific leukemia risks were expressed in terms of standardized mortality ratios (meta-SMRs). The meta-SMR for acute myeloid leukemia was 0.96. The lack of an increase of acute myeloid leukemia was attributed to the low levels of benzene exposure in the petroleum industry, particularly in comparison to benzene exposure levels in some previous studies of workers in other industries, who had been found to experience an increased risk of acute myeloid leukemia. Similarly, no increase in chronic myeloid, acute lymphocytic, or chronic lymphocytic leukemias was found in petroleum workers (meta-SMRs of 0.89, 1.16, and 0.84, respectively). Stratified meta-analyses restricted to refinery studies or to studies with at least 15 years of follow-up yielded similar results. The findings of the present investigation are consistent with those from several recent case-control studies of cell-type-specific leukemia. Patterns and levels of benzene exposure in the petroleum industry are reviewed. The results of the present epidemiologic investigation are discussed in conjunction with recent advances in leukemogenesis from other scientific disciplines. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Raabe, G K AU - Wong, O AD - Medical Department, Mobil Oil Corporation, New Hope, Pennsylvania 18938, USA., gkraabe@ffx.mobil.com Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1381 EP - 1392 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 104 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Petroleum industry KW - Acute myeloid leukemia KW - Leukemogenesis KW - Petrochemicals KW - Refineries KW - Benzene KW - Leukemia KW - Petroleum KW - Pipelines KW - Occupational exposure KW - Mortality KW - Data processing KW - Cancer KW - Databases KW - USA KW - Reviews KW - Standards KW - Chronic lymphatic leukemia KW - F 06915:Cancer Immunology KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21260974?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Leukemia+mortality+by+cell+type+in+petroleum+workers+with+potential+exposure+to+benzene.&rft.au=Raabe%2C+G+K%3BWong%2C+O&rft.aulast=Raabe&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Databases; Mortality; Data processing; Acute myeloid leukemia; Reviews; Petroleum; Leukemogenesis; Chronic lymphatic leukemia; Cancer; Benzene; Occupational exposure; Leukemia; Petroleum industry; Petrochemicals; Standards; Pipelines; Refineries; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of protein adducts to investigate the disposition of reactive metabolites of benzene. AN - 21260121; 11701768 AB - Benzene is metabolized to a number of electrophilic species that are capable of binding to both DNA and proteins. We used adducts of hemoglobin (Hb) and bone marrow proteins to study the disposition of three benzene and metabolites (benzene oxide [BO], 1,2-benzoquinone [1,2-BQ], and 1,4-benzoquinone [1,4-BQ]) in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice following a single oral dosage of [13C6]benzene and/or [14C]benzene. Our assays focused upon cysteine adducts that accounted for 38 to 45% of protein binding to Hb and 63 to 81% of protein binding to bone marrow. Although both mice and rats showed dose-related increases in Hb and bone marrow protein adducts of BO and of the two benzoquinones, large intertissue and interspecies differences were noted, suggesting different preferences in metabolic pathways. The highest levels of adducts in mice were of 1,4-BQ (10-27% of all cysteine adducts), while in rats, BO adducts predominated in Hb (73% of all cysteine adducts) and 1,2-BQ adducts predominated in the bone marrow (14% of all cysteine adducts). High background levels of 1,2-BQ and 1,4-BQ adducts were also detected in both species, indicating that the toxic effects of quinone metabolites may only be important at high levels of benzene exposure. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Rappaport, S M AU - McDonald, T A AU - Yeowell-O'Connell, K AD - Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7400, USA., stephen_rappaport@unc.edu Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1235 EP - 1237 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 104 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Rats KW - Bone marrow KW - DNA KW - Proteins KW - Metabolites KW - Mice KW - Toxicity KW - Benzene KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21260121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+use+of+protein+adducts+to+investigate+the+disposition+of+reactive+metabolites+of+benzene.&rft.au=Rappaport%2C+S+M%3BMcDonald%2C+T+A%3BYeowell-O%27Connell%2C+K&rft.aulast=Rappaport&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rats; DNA; Bone marrow; Proteins; Mice; Metabolites; Toxicity; Benzene ER - TY - JOUR T1 - S-phenylcysteine in albumin as a benzene biomarker. AN - 21259953; 11703668 AB - Biological markers of internal dose are useful for improving the extrapolation of health effects from exposures to high levels of toxic air pollutants in animals to low, ambient exposures in humans. Previous results from our laboratory have shown that benzene is metabolized by humans to form the adduct S-phenylcysteine (SPC). Levels of SPC measured in humans occupationally exposed to benzene were increased linearly relative to exposure concentrations ranging from 0 to 23.1 ppm for 8 hr/day, 5 days/week. However, the method of measurement used was laborious, prone to imprecision and interferences, and insufficiently sensitive for the low-dose exposures anticipated in the United States (100 ppb >). An improved chemical method was necessary before SPC adducts in albumin could be used as a benzene biomarker. A simple, sensitive method to measure SPC adducts is being developed and is based on the cleavage of the cysteine sulfhydryl from blood proteins treated with Raney nickel (RN) in deuterium oxide. The product of the reaction with SPC is monodeuterobenzene. SPC treated with RN released monodeuterobenzene in a concentration-dependent fashion. SPC was measured by RN treatment of globin from rats repeatedly exposed by inhalation to 600 ppm benzene. SPC levels measured using the RN approach were 690 +/- 390 pmol SPC/mg Hb (mean +/- % difference, n = 2), as opposed to 290 +/- 45 pmol SPC/mg Hb (mean +/- SEM, n = 3) as measured by our previous method. This method may facilitate the cost-effective, routine analysis of SPC in large populations of people exposed to ambient levels of benzene. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Bechtold, W E AU - Strunk, M R AD - Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA, bbechtold@lucy.tli.org Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1147 EP - 1149 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 104 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Bioindicators KW - Inhalation KW - Nickel KW - SPC KW - Benzene KW - Rats KW - Air pollution KW - USA KW - Economics KW - Proteins KW - deuterium KW - Occupational exposure KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21259953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=S-phenylcysteine+in+albumin+as+a+benzene+biomarker.&rft.au=Bechtold%2C+W+E%3BStrunk%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Bechtold&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Rats; Inhalation; Bioindicators; Nickel; Economics; Proteins; deuterium; Occupational exposure; Benzene; USA; SPC ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The process of leukemogenesis. AN - 21259938; 11703666 AB - Leukemias are monoclonal diseases that arise from cells in the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell compartment. Consistent with emerging models of carcinogenesis, leukemogenesis is an evolutionary process that involves multiple independent genetic and epigenetic events. Over the last half-century a predominant paradigm has emerged to describe leukemia developing secondary to alkylating drug therapy or exposure to benzene in which progressive dysplastic changes, accompanied by a distinct pattern of clonal cytogenetic abnormalities, give rise to acute myelogenous leukemia. Characterization of these clonal chromosomal aberrations, together with observed alterations in other growth-promoting genes, provides a useful framework for studying chemical leukemogenesis and for use in understanding the origins and development of leukemia in general. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Irons, R D AU - Stillman, W S AD - School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA, richard.irons@uchsc.edu Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1239 EP - 1246 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 104 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Leukemia KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Drugs KW - Chromosome aberrations KW - Benzene KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21259938?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+process+of+leukemogenesis.&rft.au=Irons%2C+R+D%3BStillman%2C+W+S&rft.aulast=Irons&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leukemia; Carcinogenesis; Chromosome aberrations; Drugs; Benzene ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Myeloid leukemia after hematotoxins. AN - 21257262; 11703669 AB - One of the most serious consequences of cancer therapy is the development of a second cancer, especially leukemia. Several distinct subsets of therapy-related leukemia can now be distinguished. Classic therapy-related myeloid leukemia typically occurs 5 to 7 years after exposure to alkylating agents and/or irradiation, has a myelodysplastic phase with trilineage involvement, and is characterized by abnormalities of the long arms of chromosomes 5 and/or 7. Response to treatment is poor, and allogenic bone marrow transplantation is recommended. Leukemia following treatment with agents that inhibit topoisomerase II, however, has a shorter latency, no preleukemic phase, a monoblastic, myelomonocytic, or myeloblastic phenotype, and balanced translocations, most commonly involving chromosome bands 11q23 or 21q22. The MLL gene at 11q23 or the AML1 gene at 21q22 are almost uniformly rearranged. MLL is involved with many fusion gene partners. Therapy-related acute lymphoblastic leukemia also occurs with 11q23 rearrangements. Therapy-related leukemias with 11q23 or 21q22 rearrangements, inv(16) or t(15; 17), have a more favorable response to treatment and a clinical course similar to their de novo counterparts. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Larson, R A AU - LeBeau, M M AU - Vardiman, J W AU - Rowley, J D AD - Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637-1470, USA, ralarson@mcis.bsd.uchicago.edu Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1303 EP - 1307 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 104 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Immunology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Alkylating agents KW - chromosome 11 KW - Myeloid leukemia KW - Bone marrow KW - chromosome 21 KW - chromosome 5 KW - Cancer KW - Leukemia KW - Chromosomes KW - Chromosome translocations KW - MLL protein KW - Irradiation KW - Acute lymphatic leukemia KW - DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing) KW - AML1 gene KW - translocation KW - Fusion protein KW - Bone marrow transplantation KW - F 06920:Transplantation KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21257262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Myeloid+leukemia+after+hematotoxins.&rft.au=Larson%2C+R+A%3BLeBeau%2C+M+M%3BVardiman%2C+J+W%3BRowley%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Larson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alkylating agents; chromosome 11; Myeloid leukemia; chromosome 21; chromosome 5; Cancer; Chromosome translocations; MLL protein; Acute lymphatic leukemia; AML1 gene; DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing); Fusion protein; Bone marrow transplantation; Leukemia; Chromosomes; Irradiation; Bone marrow; translocation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suitability of S-phenyl mercapturic acid and trans-trans-muconic acid as biomarkers for exposure to low concentrations of benzene. AN - 21251794; 11701780 AB - Phenol is not reliable as a biomarker for exposure to benzene at concentrations below 5 ppm (8-hr time-weighted average [TWA]). S-Phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) and trans-trans-muconic acid (tt-MA), two minor urinary metabolites of benzene, have been proposed as biomarkers for low-level exposures. The aim of this study was to compare their suitability as biomarkers. S-PMA and tt-MA were determined in 434 urine samples collected from 188 workers in various settings in the petrochemical industry and from 52 control workers with no occupational exposure to benzene. Benzene concentrations in the breathing zone of the potentially exposed workers were assessed by personal air monitoring. Strong correlations were found between S-PMA and tt-MA concentrations in end-of-shift samples and between either of these parameters and airborne benzene concentrations. Exposure to 1 ppm benzene (8-hr TWA) leads to an average concentration in end-of-shift samples of 21 mol S-PMA and 1.5 mmol tt-MA per mol creatinine. Of an inhaled dose of benzene, on average 0.11% (range 0.05-0.26%) was excreted as S-PMA with an apparent elimination half-life of 9.1 (standard error [SE] 0.7) hr and 3.9% (range 1.9-7.3%) as tt-MA with a half-life of 5.0 (SE 0.5) hr. Due to its longer elimination half-life, S-PMA proved a more reliable biomarker than tt-MA for benzene exposures during 12-hr shifts. Specificity of S-PMA, but not tt-MA, was sufficient to discriminate between the 14 moderate smokers and the 38 nonsmokers from the control group. The mean urinary S-PMA was 1.71 (SE 0.27) in smokers and 0.94 (SE 0.15) mol/mol creatinine in nonsmokers (p = 0.013). The mean urinary tt-MA was 0.046 (SE 0.010) in smokers and 0.029 (SE 0.013) mmol/mol creatinine in nonsmokers (p = 0.436). The inferior specificity of tt-MA was due to relatively high background values of up to 0.56 mmol/mol creatinine, which may be found in nonexposed individuals and limits the use of tt-MA to concentrations of benzene over 1 ppm (8-hr TWA). We conclude that S-PMA is superior to tt-MA as a biomarker for low-level benzene exposures because it is more specific, enabling reliable determination of benzene exposures down to 0.3 ppm (8-hr TWA), and because its longer half-life makes it more suited for biological monitoring of operators working in shifts longer than 8 hr. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Boogaard, P J AU - van Sittert, N J AD - Shell International Chemicals BV, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Shell Research and Technology Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1151 EP - 1157 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 104 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Bioindicators KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Urine KW - Biological monitoring KW - Metabolites KW - Benzene KW - Occupational exposure KW - Phenols KW - Petrochemical industry KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251794?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Suitability+of+S-phenyl+mercapturic+acid+and+trans-trans-muconic+acid+as+biomarkers+for+exposure+to+low+concentrations+of+benzene.&rft.au=Boogaard%2C+P+J%3Bvan+Sittert%2C+N+J&rft.aulast=Boogaard&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioindicators; Pollution monitoring; Urine; Biological monitoring; Metabolites; Petrochemical industry; Phenols; Occupational exposure; Benzene ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Species differences in the metabolism of benzene. AN - 21251782; 11701769 AB - The pathways of metabolism of benzene appear to be qualitatively similar in all species studied thus far. However, there are quantitative differences in the fraction of benzene metabolized by the different pathways. These species differences become important for risk assessments based on animal data. Mice have a greater overall capacity to metabolize benzene than rats or primates, based on mass balance studies conducted in vivo using radiolabled benzene. Mice and monkeys metabolize more of the benzene to hydroquinone metabolites than do rats or chimpanzees, especially at low doses. Nonhuman primates metabolize less of the benzene to muconic acid than do rodents or humans. In all species studied, a greater proportion of benzene is converted to hydroquinone and ring-breakage metabolites at low doses than at high doses. This finding should be considered in attempting to extrapolate the toxicity of benzene observed at high doses to predicted toxicity at low doses. Because ring-breakage metabolites and hydroquinone have both been implicated in the toxicity of benzene, the higher formation of those metabolites in the mouse may partially explain why mice are more sensitive to benzene than are rats. Metabolism of benzene in humans, the species of interest, does not exactly mimic that of any animal species studied. More information on the urinary and blood metabolites of occupationally exposed people is required to determine the fractional conversion of benzene to putative toxic metabolites and the degree of variability present in human subjects. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Henderson, R F AD - Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185., rhenderson@lucy.tli.org Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1173 EP - 1175 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 104 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Metabolites KW - Mice KW - Toxicity KW - Primates KW - Benzene KW - Pan troglodytes KW - Rats KW - Urine KW - Metabolism KW - Occupational exposure KW - rodents KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251782?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Species+differences+in+the+metabolism+of+benzene.&rft.au=Henderson%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Rats; Urine; Mice; Metabolites; Toxicity; Primates; rodents; Occupational exposure; Metabolism; Benzene; Pan troglodytes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Fort Opportunities for an effective urban conservation strategy in Bombay AN - 19942955; 6132355 AB - A common scenario in Third World countries is that with the overriding social, economic and political implications being so complex and vast, the actual resolution to urban problems and issues is often lost and the planning process stalls at the problem identification stage. The key to the resolution of the urban decline affecting the central business district of Bombay, Fort, is in accepting and understanding its cultural and architectural significance to the city, its potential to continue as the financial centre with the influx of multinational offices being set up in the city, and to stop the degeneration of a district which already has large-scale formal and informal sector investment. The main argument of the paper is that time is ripe for an innovative conservation strategy. The proposed strategy begins with an action plan that would be essential should a program for conservation be accepted by the city's decision makers. It is a move away from the current piecemeal approach of identifying singular buildings for preservation, and pursues a more holistic approach to protect, regulate and retain the built, economic and social fabric of Fort. Encouraged by the Kanga Commission's initiatives, the proposed approach shows the steps towards a bold but manageable long-term solution. JF - Cities AU - Mohit, R S AU - Kammeier, H D AD - Human Settlements Development Program, Asian Institute of Technology, GPO Box 2754, Bangkok 10501, Thailand Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 387 EP - 398 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 0264-2751, 0264-2751 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Human Population KW - Urban planning KW - Decision making KW - Business KW - India, Maharashtra, Greater Mumbai Dist., Mumbai KW - Conservation KW - Informal sector KW - Investment KW - Developing countries KW - M1 325:Human Habitat & Natural Resource Development KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19942955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cities&rft.atitle=The+Fort+Opportunities+for+an+effective+urban+conservation+strategy+in+Bombay&rft.au=Mohit%2C+R+S%3BKammeier%2C+H+D&rft.aulast=Mohit&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cities&rft.issn=02642751&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2F0264-2751%2896%2900026-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Urban planning; Decision making; Business; Conservation; Informal sector; Investment; Developing countries; India, Maharashtra, Greater Mumbai Dist., Mumbai DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-2751(96)00026-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lattice vibrations of montmorillonite: an FT Raman and X-ray diffraction study AN - 1849296355; 2016-104076 AB - The lattice vibrations of a series of dioctahedral montmorillonitic clay minerals were studied using FT Raman spectroscopy. The lattice vibrations are assigned in terms of the molecular vibrations of (a) the distorted octahedron MO (sub 6) with symmetry S (sub 6) in the region 50-200 cm (super -1) , (b) the O-H-O isosceles triangle of C (sub 2v) symmetry in the 200 to 270 cm (super -1) and (c) distorted SiO (sub 4) tetrahedra of symmetry C (sub 3v) in the region 300 to 1200 cm (super -1) . The application of FT Raman spectroscopy to the analysis of montmorillonitic clay structure is elucidated. A series of montmorillonites with different weathering profiles from the Cressfield deposit in Australia were analysed by both FT Raman and X-ray diffraction. The FT Raman spectra of the Cressfield bentonites are shown to be a function of clay crystallinity. X-ray diffraction identified the changes in the montmorillonitic lattice as weathering occurs. The variation in the 001 d spacing changed from 17.53 to 17.36 Aa and the CDS value increased from 126 to 148 Aa, indicating an increase in both the order and crystallinity of the montmorillonite on ageing. FT Raman spectroscopy identified changes in the lattice vibrational modes as this weathering is taking place. Abstract Copyright (1996) Elsevier, B.V. JF - Applied Clay Science AU - Frost, Ray L AU - Rintoul, Llew Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - December 1996 SP - 171 EP - 183 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 11 IS - 2-4 SN - 0169-1317, 0169-1317 KW - silicates KW - Cressfield Deposit KW - lattice KW - bentonite KW - Australasia KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - clay mineralogy KW - New South Wales Australia KW - crystal structure KW - weathering KW - clay minerals KW - sedimentary rocks KW - Raman spectra KW - vibrational spectra KW - sheet silicates KW - Australia KW - symmetry KW - spectra KW - lattice parameters KW - clastic rocks KW - montmorillonite KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1849296355?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Clay+Science&rft.atitle=Lattice+vibrations+of+montmorillonite%3A+an+FT+Raman+and+X-ray+diffraction+study&rft.au=Frost%2C+Ray+L%3BRintoul%2C+Llew&rft.aulast=Frost&rft.aufirst=Ray&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2-4&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Clay+Science&rft.issn=01691317&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0169-1317%2896%2900017-8 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01691317 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 18 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Australasia; Australia; bentonite; clastic rocks; clay mineralogy; clay minerals; Cressfield Deposit; crystal structure; lattice; lattice parameters; montmorillonite; New South Wales Australia; Raman spectra; sedimentary rocks; sheet silicates; silicates; spectra; symmetry; vibrational spectra; weathering; X-ray diffraction data DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1317(96)00017-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introduction: Disturbance and Caribbean ecosystems AN - 16354915; 4314893 AB - The fifteen articles in this special issue describe long-term ( greater than or equal to 5 years) responses or perspectives on disturbance in Caribbean ecosystems. Most (11) of the articles describe the responses of Caribbean forests to hurricane disturbance, particularly the effects of Hurricane Hugo on wet forest in the Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF), Puerto Rico. Ten articles discuss, alone or in addition to hurricanes, the effects of other types of disturbance including that due to humans, treefalls, drought, and landslides. In this introductory article we summarize the post-hurricane trajectories of various ecosystem components in the LEF. We also address how responses to other types of disturbance can be brought together to obtain a more thorough understanding of the comparative responses of Caribbean ecosystems to different disturbances. Finally, we identify those areas of disturbance ecology in the Caribbean that require further investigation. JF - Biotropica AU - Zimmerman, J K AU - Willig, M R AU - Walker, L R AU - Silver, W L AD - Terrestrial Ecol. Div., Univ. Puerto Rico, GPO Box 363682, San Juan, PR 00936, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 414 EP - 423 VL - 28 IS - 4, pt. A SN - 0006-3606, 0006-3606 KW - Caribbean Region KW - disturbance KW - ecosystem analysis KW - human impact KW - hurricanes KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04126:Tropical forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16354915?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotropica&rft.atitle=Introduction%3A+Disturbance+and+Caribbean+ecosystems&rft.au=Zimmerman%2C+J+K%3BWillig%2C+M+R%3BWalker%2C+L+R%3BSilver%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Zimmerman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4%2C+pt.+A&rft.spage=414&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotropica&rft.issn=00063606&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Long term responses of Caribbean ecosystems to disturbance. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - User manual for FAS: Flownet Analysis Software AN - 16091743; 4201007 AB - This manual documents software (Flownet Analysis Software, or FAS) written by Rameri Salama as part of the HARSD (Hydrogeomorphological Analysis of Regional Spatial Data) methodology for groundwater investigations under the Catchment Management and Dryland Salinity Program of the CSIRO Division of Water Resources. Given a hydraulic head surface (typically from a spatial database), the software generates a set of equipotential lines and lines orthogonal to the potential gradient. Fluxes along the stream tubes defined by these lines, as calculated using one-dimensional application of Darcy's Law, are determined following the user's specification of spatially distributed inputs (such as recharge) and control parameters (such a transmissivity). This tool can be used to asses the potential changes in groundwater discharge resulting from management or climatic scenarios that may change either the spatial pattern or rate of recharge. JF - CSIRO DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES, GPO BOX 1666, CANBERRA ACT 2601 (AUSTRALIA). Dec 1996. AU - Dawes, W AU - Hatton, T AU - Salama, R Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 PB - CSIRO DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES, GPO BOX 1666, CANBERRA ACT 2601 (AUSTRALIA) SN - 0643060243 KW - HARSD KW - FAS KW - potential gradient KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Darcys Law KW - computer programs KW - fluctuations KW - groundwater recharge KW - transmissivity KW - groundwater discharge KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16091743?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Water+Resources+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Dawes%2C+W%3BHatton%2C+T%3BSalama%2C+R&rft.aulast=Dawes&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0643060243&rft.btitle=User+manual+for+FAS%3A+Flownet+Analysis+Software&rft.title=User+manual+for+FAS%3A+Flownet+Analysis+Software&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Dryland salinity risk assessment in the Loddon and Campaspe catchments. Management of GIS data AN - 16087730; 4112599 AB - The development and application of GIS-based techniques for predicting changes in groundwater discharge and associated dryland salinity in the Loddon and Campaspe catchments in northern Victoria involved the assembly, collation and analysis of very large datasets. These datasets include surface elevations, bore hydrographs, streamflow and stream salt loads from a number of sources. The value of this effort is two-fold: (1) the analyses contain herein are the basis of the HARSD and WAVES modelling predictions as well as the geographic interpretation of remotely-sensed data, and (2) the error-checked database thus produced forms an ongoing resource to land agencies working within the Loddon-Campaspe system for further analyses. This technical memorandum serves as a manifest of this database, as well as presenting the myriad analytical results involved in salinity risk assessment under the Natural Resource Management Strategy project, Risk Analysis for Dryland Salinity Assessment, a collaborative project between the CSIRO Division of Water Resources and the Centre for Land Protection Research. JF - CSIRO DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES, GPO BOX 1666, CANBERRA ACT 2601 (AUSTRALIA). Dec 1996. AU - Salama, R AU - Hatton, T AU - Shamir, R AU - Dyce, P AU - Dawes, W AU - Owens, W Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 PB - CSIRO DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES, GPO BOX 1666, CANBERRA ACT 2601 (AUSTRALIA) SN - 0643060200 KW - HARSD KW - WAVES KW - Australia, Victoria, Northern KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Remote Sensing KW - model studies KW - interagency cooperation KW - databases KW - groundwater discharge KW - prediction KW - salinity KW - Geographic Information Systems KW - catchment areas KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16087730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Water+Resources+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Salama%2C+R%3BHatton%2C+T%3BShamir%2C+R%3BDyce%2C+P%3BDawes%2C+W%3BOwens%2C+W&rft.aulast=Salama&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0643060200&rft.btitle=Dryland+salinity+risk+assessment+in+the+Loddon+and+Campaspe+catchments.+Management+of+GIS+data&rft.title=Dryland+salinity+risk+assessment+in+the+Loddon+and+Campaspe+catchments.+Management+of+GIS+data&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Historical information on carp in Australia: An evaluation for scientific purposes AN - 16084497; 4112602 AB - The usefulness is assessed of information records, other than refereed scientific journal publications, on carp Cyprinus carpio L., an introduced fish now common throughout the Murray-Darling Basin. There is a need for such an assessment because of the relatively limited amount of scientific research on carp in Australia. For convenience, information was categorised into four types according to the medium from which it was obtained: visual, oral, written, and biological specimens. Examples of each of these were assessed using criteria describing biological content, reliability, and accessibility. The examples considered were photographs, newspapers, commercial catch records, anecdotes, and museum collections. Findings confirmed expectations. All were of some benefit in establishing carp distribution, but that benefit varied widely between types. Abundance was not well described except by commercial catch records. Little other ecological information was noted. Despite historical records having limited application to environmental impact assessment, such qualitative and informal information may contribute to environmental understanding when complete scientific data is unavailable. JF - CSIRO DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES, GPO BOX 1666, CANBERRA ACT (AUSTRALIA). Dec 1996. AU - Ebner, B AU - Roberts, J Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 PB - CSIRO DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES, GPO BOX 1666, CANBERRA ACT (AUSTRALIA) SN - 0643060235 KW - Australia, Murray-Darling R. KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - assessments KW - river basins KW - carp KW - data interpretation KW - SW 6090:Fisheries engineering KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16084497?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Water+Resources+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Ebner%2C+B%3BRoberts%2C+J&rft.aulast=Ebner&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0643060235&rft.btitle=Historical+information+on+carp+in+Australia%3A+An+evaluation+for+scientific+purposes&rft.title=Historical+information+on+carp+in+Australia%3A+An+evaluation+for+scientific+purposes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Meeting community needs for monitoring catchment health AN - 16084318; 4112601 AB - The need for monitoring catchment health stems from uncertainty or ignorance about the trend of environmental changes which could impact on future food production and water supply. This uncertainty gives rise to inaction because how can we assess the financial risk of doing nothing against implementing schemes that have no certainty of solving the problem? Many existing monitoring schemes are considered unlikely to remove this uncertainty. The reasons why community-based monitoring has had little effect on catchment health are outlined here. Reasons include not making use of existing information, differences in societal values among catchment users, resistance to change, as well as operational and institutional constraints. The idea of an "environmental report card" has been suggested as a means of assessing the catchment condition and monitoring trends in catchment health. Such a report card would be based on a set of carefully selected catchment health indicators - that is, measurable attributes of the environment, landscapes, productivity, management skills, etc, that can be monitored via field observation, field sampling, remote sensing, or the compilation of existing data. In many situations the appropriate collectors and users of the data are community self-help groups. Walker and Reuter (1996) have overviewed the indicator approach as applied to catchment health and suggested how indicators can be selected and interpreted. Here, some of the impediments to adoption of these indicators are identified. To successfully implement a programme of catchment health indicators, it is critical to appreciate that catchments comprise social as well as biophysical entities. This paraphrases recent research in the social sciences. The dilemma is that in many cases indicators are too complicated or require strict sampling procedures, so that community groups are turned off. Conversely, the developers of indicators may not appreciate the ownership issue and social impediments to adoption. To succeed, monitoring procedures must be embedded within resource planning and management processes. These include farm plans, property management plans, catchment plans, local government planning, and whole catchment management. The responsibility and the mandate for who does what, and how the information is used to produce a change in behaviour, should be clearly defined. JF - CSIRO DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES, GPO BOX 1666, CANBERRA ACT 2601 (AUSTRALIA). Dec 1996. AU - Irons, C D AU - Walker, J Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 PB - CSIRO DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES, GPO BOX 1666, CANBERRA ACT 2601 (AUSTRALIA) SN - 0643060227 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - assessments KW - monitoring KW - planning KW - social aspects KW - environmental quality KW - indicators KW - institutional constraints KW - environmental policy KW - catchment areas KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16084318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Water+Resources+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Irons%2C+C+D%3BWalker%2C+J&rft.aulast=Irons&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0643060227&rft.btitle=Meeting+community+needs+for+monitoring+catchment+health&rft.title=Meeting+community+needs+for+monitoring+catchment+health&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application and sensitivity analysis of process-based erosion model GUEST AN - 16032910; 4096457 AB - As long-term measurement of erosion is expensive, models are required to predict spatial and temporal variation in erosion accurately for various land uses and to develop suitable practices for soil conservation. Details of the steady-state, process-based erosion model GUEST are presented with emphasis on the behaviour and sensitivity of the model to a fundamental erodibility parameter J. The model is developed to interpret temporal fluctuation in sediment concentration from bare soil in single erosion events. It incorporates the simultaneous effects of rainfall and runoff and of deposition on sediment concentration. An example of its application to temporal variation in sediment concentration for varying slopes and soil strengths show reasonable agreement between the measured data and the limits of sediment concentration predicted by the model. Sensitivity analysis indicated the model to be most sensitive to land slope and a defined sediment characteristic called depositability, but not as sensitive to frequency and dimensions of rills. JF - European Journal of Soil Science AU - Misra, R K AU - Rose, C W AD - Cooperative Res. Cent. for Temperate Hardwood Forest., GPO Box 252-12, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 593 EP - 604 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 1351-0754, 1351-0754 KW - GUEST KW - depositability KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - model studies KW - deposition KW - slopes KW - rainfall KW - sensitivity analysis KW - soil strength KW - runoff KW - temporal distribution KW - soil erosion KW - sediment concentration KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16032910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Application+and+sensitivity+analysis+of+process-based+erosion+model+GUEST&rft.au=Misra%2C+R+K%3BRose%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Misra&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=593&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Soil+Science&rft.issn=13510754&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sediment concentration; sensitivity analysis; soil erosion; model studies; temporal distribution; rainfall; runoff; deposition; slopes; soil strength ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Soils and plants in integrated catchment management: From process models to catchment health indicators AN - 16027920; 4095224 AB - In addressing the question of where plants and soils fit into integrated catchment management we argue that an approach beyond a reductionist paradigm is needed. Catchments are comprised of a spatially variable set of biophysical factors in which plants and soil are open to manipulation. At the same time, catchments also comprise users, and the functioning and health of catchments are often set by societal values rather than biophysical limits, which can lead to degradation or an unstable system. A conditionally stable system, with defined limits, may represent the appropriate paradigm. To develop this idea, the main soil and plant factors controlling catchment function were defined using a process-based modelling approach at several spatial scales. Key plant and soil attributes were considered to be: leaf area index (LAI), soil hydraulic conductivity, soil nutrient availability, rooting depth, topography, and groundwater quality and quantity. Having defined the major biophysical controls, the question is: how can this information be used to better manage catchments? An indicator approach that can be used by the catchment users is outlined. This approach depends on defining the condition of the catchment and monitoring trends in key but easily measured attributes (indicators). Empowering the users of the catchment with the information to make decisions, which leads to a conditionally stable system, is the key to successful integrated catchment management. This document comprises the text of a paper presented to the International Conference on Multiple Land Use and Catchment Management held at Aberdeen, U.K., on 11-13 September 1996. JF - CSIRO DIV. WATER RESOURCES, GPO BOX 1666, CANBERRA ACT 2601 (AUSTRALIA). Dec 1996. AU - Walker, J AU - Fleming, P M Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 PB - CSIRO DIV. WATER RESOURCES, GPO BOX 1666, CANBERRA ACT 2601 (AUSTRALIA) KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - nutrients KW - groundwater KW - topography KW - soil properties KW - watershed management KW - plants KW - permeability coefficient KW - catchment areas KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16027920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Water+Resources+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Walker%2C+J%3BFleming%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0643060022&rft.btitle=Soils+and+plants+in+integrated+catchment+management%3A+From+process+models+to+catchment+health+indicators&rft.title=Soils+and+plants+in+integrated+catchment+management%3A+From+process+models+to+catchment+health+indicators&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of nutritional status on lymphocyte responses in children with Shigella flexneri infection AN - 15936968; 4050944 AB - The peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) phenotype (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25, CD20 and CD57), spontaneous proliferation of PBMC, proliferation of PBMC in response to Concanavalin A (ConA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses (by skin tests) were measured in 55 children, 12-60 months of age, of whom 17 were children with S. flexneri infection and 38 were age-matched uninfected control children. All mitogens were tested in the presence of foetal bovine serum but PHA responses were additionally tested in the presence of autologous plasma. Because the nutritional status (determined as weight-for-age as a percentage of the National Centre for Health Statistics median) affected the lymphocyte responses, children were stratified into less than or equal to 65% (poorly nourished) and > 65-75% (better nourished) weight-for-age subgroups. Compared with uninfected children, poorly nourished children with S. flexneri infection had a lower CD4/CD8 ratio, a higher spontaneous proliferation of PBMC, a lower stimulation index with ConA and a lower stimulation index with PHA in the presence of autologous plasma. In the better nourished subgroup, the only difference was increased numbers of CD25+ PBMC in children with S. flexneri infection than in uninfected children. Furthermore, transferrin levels in plasma were found to correlate positively with weight-for-age as well as clinical severity of illness so that poorly nourished children with S. flexneri infection were more severely ill. We conclude that malnutrition in children with S. flexneri infection is characterized by altered T lymphocyte responses and severe illness. JF - Immunology & Infectious Diseases AU - Azim, T AU - Safiullah Sarker, M AU - Hamadani, J AU - Wahed, MA AU - Halder, R C AU - Salam, MA AU - Albert, MJ AD - Lab. Sci. Div., ICDDR,B, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 151 EP - 158 VL - 6 IS - 3-4 SN - 0959-4957, 0959-4957 KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - lymphocytes KW - shigellosis KW - Shigella flexneri KW - nutritional status KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15936968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Immunology+%26+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Effect+of+nutritional+status+on+lymphocyte+responses+in+children+with+Shigella+flexneri+infection&rft.au=Azim%2C+T%3BSafiullah+Sarker%2C+M%3BHamadani%2C+J%3BWahed%2C+MA%3BHalder%2C+R+C%3BSalam%2C+MA%3BAlbert%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Azim&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Immunology+%26+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=09594957&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Shigella flexneri; shigellosis; lymphocytes; nutritional status ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modelling hydrologic processes using a biophysically based model - Application of WAVES to FIFE and HAPEX-MOBILHY AN - 15784428; 3988661 AB - A biophysically based model (WAVES) is described which predicts the dynamic interactions within the soil-vegetation-atmosphere system. The physiological control on transpiration is a canopy resistance calculated as a function of net CO sub(2) assimilation rate, the vapour pressure deficit and the CO sub(2) concentration at the leaf surface. The soil hydrology is modelled using the Richards equation and evapotranspiration is calculated using the Penman-Monteith equation. A unique feature of the model is the modification of the vapour pressure deficit below the canopy as a function of the degree of atmospheric coupling. The model was tested using the energy flux and soil moisture measurements from the First ISLSCP Field Experiment (FIFE) and Hydrologic Atmospheric Pilot Experiment and Modelisation du Bilan Hydrique (HAPEX-MOBILHY). The simulated net radiation, evapotranspiration and soil moisture content agreed well with the observations and with previous studies of transpiration and soil evaporation. The success of the model was due to the reasonably realistic treatment of the soil and canopy processes. The utility and limitations of the model are discussed. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Zhang, Lu AU - Dawes, W R AU - Hatton, T J AD - Ecohydrology Group, Div. Water Resour., CSIRO, G.P.O. Box 1666, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 147 EP - 169 VL - 185 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - model testing KW - soil-water-plant relationships KW - hydrologic models KW - evapotranspiration KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15784428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Modelling+hydrologic+processes+using+a+biophysically+based+model+-+Application+of+WAVES+to+FIFE+and+HAPEX-MOBILHY&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Lu%3BDawes%2C+W+R%3BHatton%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Lu&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=185&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrologic models; model testing; evapotranspiration; soil-water-plant relationships ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of Blood Lead Levels in a Birth Cohort of New Zealanders at Age 21 AN - 14438515; 10529259 AB - The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, conducted in New Zealand, involves a birth cohort of approximately 1000 individuals with well-documented personal and occupational life histories. Blood lead levels were determined in this sample at age 21 yr, and the data were compared with those collected at age 11 yr. Blood Pb levels ranged 0.456 mu g/dl. The geometric mean for males was higher than for females. Blood Pb levels at age 21 were approximately 53% lower than those found at age 11. Blood Pb levels at age 21 were correlated with a number of factors, including high-risk occupations, recreational exposure, living close to main roads, smoking, and sex. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Fawcett, JPaul AU - Williams, Sheila M AU - Heydon, John L AU - Walmsley, Trevor A AU - Menkes, David B Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1332 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 104 IS - 12 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - BLOOD LEAD LEVEL KW - AGE COMPARISONS KW - NEW ZEALAND KW - TEMPORAL COMPARISONS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14438515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+Blood+Lead+Levels+in+a+Birth+Cohort+of+New+Zealanders+at+Age+21&rft.au=Fawcett%2C+JPaul%3BWilliams%2C+Sheila+M%3BHeydon%2C+John+L%3BWalmsley%2C+Trevor+A%3BMenkes%2C+David+B&rft.aulast=Fawcett&rft.aufirst=JPaul&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1332&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - BLOOD LEAD LEVEL; AGE COMPARISONS; NEW ZEALAND; TEMPORAL COMPARISONS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interaction of Environmental Chemicals with the Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors from the Oviduct of the American Alligator AN - 14437830; 10529257 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Vonier, Peter M AU - Crain, DAndrew AU - McLachlan, John A AU - Guillette, Louis J AU - Arnold, Steven F Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1318 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 104 IS - 12 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - CHEMICAL ANALYSIS KW - BIOASSAY KW - ALLIGATORS KW - REPRODUCTION, ANIMAL KW - HORMONES KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14437830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Interaction+of+Environmental+Chemicals+with+the+Estrogen+and+Progesterone+Receptors+from+the+Oviduct+of+the+American+Alligator&rft.au=Vonier%2C+Peter+M%3BCrain%2C+DAndrew%3BMcLachlan%2C+John+A%3BGuillette%2C+Louis+J%3BArnold%2C+Steven+F&rft.aulast=Vonier&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1318&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 7 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; BIOASSAY; REPRODUCTION, ANIMAL; ALLIGATORS; HORMONES ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public Perceptions of a Radioactively Contaminated Site: Concerns, Remediation Preferences, and Desired Involvement AN - 14437639; 10529262 AB - In St. Louis, MO, controversy has emerged over proposed remediation strategies for DOE Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program sites that would leave considerable amounts of contaminated materials within the community. In 1994, DOE proposed two remediation options: adding more radioactive materials to those already located at the airport and placing a concrete cover over the storage area, or excavating the materials on the property and constructing a bunker on-site to contain the materials. Both options have met with significant opposition from residents and local and state officials. Results are presented from a survey conducted in the area that examined public perceptions of the remediation efforts and desired public involvement. The most highly ranked site concerns were found to be surface water and groundwater contamination, desire for public involvement, and potential health risks. Overall, residents living adjacent to the site wanted the remedial decisions to be transparent, sensible, and cost-effective. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Feldman, David L AU - Hanahan, Ruth A Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1344 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 104 IS - 12 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - PUBLIC RELATIONS KW - PUBLIC PARTICIPATION KW - RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL KW - MISSOURI KW - WASTE SITE REMEDIATION KW - ATTITUDE SURVEYS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14437639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Public+Perceptions+of+a+Radioactively+Contaminated+Site%3A+Concerns%2C+Remediation+Preferences%2C+and+Desired+Involvement&rft.au=Feldman%2C+David+L%3BHanahan%2C+Ruth+A&rft.aulast=Feldman&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1344&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 4 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL; PUBLIC RELATIONS; MISSOURI; WASTE SITE REMEDIATION; PUBLIC PARTICIPATION; ATTITUDE SURVEYS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Influence of Atmospheric Chromium on Selenium Contents and Glutathione Peroxidase Activity in Blood of Tannery Workers AN - 14437637; 10529256 AB - Atmospheric chromium concentrations were measured at a tannery in Gniezno, Poland, and blood samples were collected from 34 tannery workers and analyzed for concentrations of selenium and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and for glutathione peroxidase activity. Urine samples were also collected and analyzed for Se. A statistically significant decrease in Se concentration in blood and a statistically significant increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were found in the tannery workers compared with controls. Workers exposed to high concentrations of Cr in air exhibited decreased Se concentration in blood and increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentration in blood plasma. In addition a positive linear correlation was found in the workers between Se concentrations in blood and urine, and between the concentrations of Se in plasma and in urine. Increased erythrocyte and plasma glutathione peroxidase activity was also observed in the workers exposed to high Cr concentrations. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Gromadzinska, Jolanta AU - Wasowicz, Wojciech AU - Sklodowska, Maria AU - Bulikowski, Wlodzimierz AU - Rydzynski, Konrad Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1312 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 104 IS - 12 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - CHROMIUM KW - ENZYME ACTIVITY KW - SELENIUM KW - HEALTH SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL KW - BLOOD ANALYSIS KW - AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR KW - POLAND KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14437637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+Influence+of+Atmospheric+Chromium+on+Selenium+Contents+and+Glutathione+Peroxidase+Activity+in+Blood+of+Tannery+Workers&rft.au=Gromadzinska%2C+Jolanta%3BWasowicz%2C+Wojciech%3BSklodowska%2C+Maria%3BBulikowski%2C+Wlodzimierz%3BRydzynski%2C+Konrad&rft.aulast=Gromadzinska&rft.aufirst=Jolanta&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1312&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 2 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - SELENIUM; HEALTH SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL; BLOOD ANALYSIS; CHROMIUM; ENZYME ACTIVITY; AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR; POLAND ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A QSAR Evaluation of Ah Receptor Binding of Halogenated Aromatic Xenobiotics AN - 14437614; 10529255 AB - One way of predicting the toxic effects of chemicals is the estimation of their binding to a common intracellular cytosolic protein called the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which controls the induction of hepatic cytochrome P4501A and associated enzyme activities. The mechanistic concepts of AhR binding were used to develop a robust quantitative structureactivity relationship (QSAR) model applicable to multiple classes of chemicals. Literature data of AhR binding for a variety of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs with different substituent patterns were used, along with an approach that exhaustively explored the importance of all energetically feasible conformations for each chemical. The generation and selection of the conformations are described. The resulting QSARs are presented, which are shown to be robust for multiple classes of halogenated aromatic compounds. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Mekenyan, Ovanes G AU - Veith, Gilman D AU - Call, Daniel J AU - Ankley, Gerald T Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1302 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 104 IS - 12 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS KW - HALOGENS KW - ENZYME ACTIVITY KW - QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATION KW - POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZODIOXINS KW - POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS KW - CHEMICAL ANALYSIS KW - AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14437614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=A+QSAR+Evaluation+of+Ah+Receptor+Binding+of+Halogenated+Aromatic+Xenobiotics&rft.au=Mekenyan%2C+Ovanes+G%3BVeith%2C+Gilman+D%3BCall%2C+Daniel+J%3BAnkley%2C+Gerald+T&rft.aulast=Mekenyan&rft.aufirst=Ovanes&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1302&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 7 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; HALOGENS; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; ENZYME ACTIVITY; AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZODIOXINS; QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATION; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Relationship of Fluorosis and Brick Tea Drinking in Chinese Tibetans AN - 14437601; 10529261 AB - Daofu Tibetan and Han residents were surveyed to collect ecological, economical, cultural, and tea-drinking habit data, and dental and skeletal fluorosis incidences were related to fluorine measurements in water, tea with milk, tea alone, and in urine. The morbidities of dental fluorosis in Tibetan children, with a long history of drinking brick tea, and in Han children were 51.2 and 11.05%, respectively, while the morbidities for skeletal fluorosis were 5.49 and 0, respectively. Of total fluoride intake by Tibetan adults and children, 94.4 and 94.2%, respectively, was from brick tea. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Cao, Jin AU - Bai, Xuexin AU - Zhao, Yan AU - Liu, Jianwei AU - Zhou, Dingyou AU - Fang, Shiliang AU - Jia, Ma Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1340 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 104 IS - 12 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - TEAS KW - TIBET KW - FLUORIDES KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - FOOD CONTAMINATION KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14437601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+Relationship+of+Fluorosis+and+Brick+Tea+Drinking+in+Chinese+Tibetans&rft.au=Cao%2C+Jin%3BBai%2C+Xuexin%3BZhao%2C+Yan%3BLiu%2C+Jianwei%3BZhou%2C+Dingyou%3BFang%2C+Shiliang%3BJia%2C+Ma&rft.aulast=Cao&rft.aufirst=Jin&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1340&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 10 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - TEAS; TIBET; FLUORIDES; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN; FOOD CONTAMINATION ER - TY - JOUR T1 - p53 Mutations Associated with Breast, Colorectal, Liver, Lung, and Ovarian Cancers AN - 14437599; 10529258 AB - Several studies have found that, in cancer cells derived from tumors in different organs, p53 mutational spectra can be seen as the fingerprints of the carcinogens that cause the cancer. This finding is extended by analyzing an internationally available data base of p53 mutations. Differences in frequent codon sites in five cancers-breast, colorectal, liver, lung, and ovarian-are characterized, and differences by cancer in base pair changes at six codon sites are examined. Results show that the five most frequent sites of p53 mutations are different in breast, colorectal, lung, liver, and ovarian cancers, and the variation in hot spots is not explained by the predominance of specific base pair changes in each cancer. The most commonly found base pair changes are described and compared. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lasky, Tamar AU - Silbergeld, Ellen Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1324 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 104 IS - 12 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS KW - CARCINOGENIC AGENTS KW - MUTAGENIC AGENTS KW - GENETICS, HUMAN KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14437599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=p53+Mutations+Associated+with+Breast%2C+Colorectal%2C+Liver%2C+Lung%2C+and+Ovarian+Cancers&rft.au=Lasky%2C+Tamar%3BSilbergeld%2C+Ellen&rft.aulast=Lasky&rft.aufirst=Tamar&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1324&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 12 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - CARCINOGENIC AGENTS; BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS; MUTAGENIC AGENTS; GENETICS, HUMAN ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association Between Ozone and Asthma Emergency Department Visits in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada AN - 14436901; 10529263 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Stieb, David M AU - Burnett, Richard T AU - Beveridge, Robert C AU - Brook, Jeffrey R Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1354 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 104 IS - 12 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS KW - HEALTH FACILITIES KW - ASTHMA KW - NEW BRUNSWICK KW - OZONE KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14436901?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Association+Between+Ozone+and+Asthma+Emergency+Department+Visits+in+Saint+John%2C+New+Brunswick%2C+Canada&rft.au=Stieb%2C+David+M%3BBurnett%2C+Richard+T%3BBeveridge%2C+Robert+C%3BBrook%2C+Jeffrey+R&rft.aulast=Stieb&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1354&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 4 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS; HEALTH FACILITIES; ASTHMA; NEW BRUNSWICK; OZONE ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine in Human Leukocyte DNA and Daily Health Practice Factors: Effects of Individual Alcohol Sensitivity AN - 14436891; 10529260 AB - 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), which is an oxidative adduct form of deoxyguanosine, is considered to be one of the most sensitive markers of DNA damage. Results are presented from a study that examined the effects of daily health practice factors on 8-OHdG levels in leukocytes. The factors examined included: physical exercise, smoking, alcohol use, nutrition, and mental stress. None of the factors showed any significant difference in 8-OHdG levels between groups in either polymorphonuclear leukocytes or mononuclear leukocytes. However, when acetaldehyde-dehydrogenase 2 isozyme genotypes were examined, which is an enzyme showing sensitivity to alcohol, habitual alcohol intake was found to increase 8-OHdG in polymorphonuclear leukocytes from enzyme-deficient groups. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Nakajima, Madoka AU - Takeuchi, Toru AU - Takeshita, Tatsuya AU - Morimoto, Kanehisa Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1336 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 104 IS - 12 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - CANCER RISK KW - BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS KW - BEHAVIOR KW - ALCOHOLS KW - ENZYMES KW - DNA KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14436891?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine+in+Human+Leukocyte+DNA+and+Daily+Health+Practice+Factors%3A+Effects+of+Individual+Alcohol+Sensitivity&rft.au=Nakajima%2C+Madoka%3BTakeuchi%2C+Toru%3BTakeshita%2C+Tatsuya%3BMorimoto%2C+Kanehisa&rft.aulast=Nakajima&rft.aufirst=Madoka&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1336&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 2 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - CANCER RISK; ENZYMES; BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS; DNA; BEHAVIOR; ALCOHOLS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing Environmental Chemicals for Estrogenicity Using a Combination of in Vitro and in Vivo Assays AN - 14436536; 10529254 AB - Ten known or alleged estrogenic chemicals were tested using assays that assessed estrogenic activity at three different levels of action. They included: competitive binding with the estrogen receptor that used a cell-free system and was reflected in the binding of 17 beta -estradiol; human HeLa cells transfected with an estrogen receptor and an estrogen response element linked to a chloramphenical acetyl transferase reporter gene; and estrogen-responsive tissue in an intact animal, using the weanling mouse uterotropic assay. The combination of the three assays was found to provide a rational and informative approach to assessing the estrogenicity of the chemicals. The results were consistent among all three assays. The test data are tabulated. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Shelby, Michael D AU - Newbold, Retha R AU - Tully, Douglas B AU - Chae, Kun AU - Davis, Vicki L Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1296 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 104 IS - 12 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - MEASUREMENTS AND SENSING KW - CHEMICAL ANALYSIS KW - BIOASSAY KW - HORMONES KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14436536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Assessing+Environmental+Chemicals+for+Estrogenicity+Using+a+Combination+of+in+Vitro+and+in+Vivo+Assays&rft.au=Shelby%2C+Michael+D%3BNewbold%2C+Retha+R%3BTully%2C+Douglas+B%3BChae%2C+Kun%3BDavis%2C+Vicki+L&rft.aulast=Shelby&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1296&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - MEASUREMENTS AND SENSING; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; BIOASSAY; HORMONES ER - TY - GEN T1 - Improving the Well-Being of Abused and Neglected Children. Hearing on Exploring How the Well-Being of Abused and Neglected Children Can Be Improved through Clarifying the Reasonable Efforts Requirement of the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act To Make the Child's Health and Safety the Primary Concern, before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session. AN - 62579532; ED405094 AB - This hearing transcript presents testimony exploring how the well-being of abused and neglected children can be improved through an amendment clarifying the "reasonable efforts" requirement of the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act (1980) to allow the child's health and safety to take precedence over parents' rights. Testimony begins with a statement from Ohio Senator DeWine, which notes the frequency with which abused or neglected children are returned to unsafe or unhealthy home environments, and the number of children in foster care for longer than 2 years. Additional testimony in support of the change is presented from: (1) the acting assistant secretary for Children and Families, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Olivia A. Golden; (2) the director of the University of Rhode Island's Family Violence Research Program, Richard J. Gelles; (3) director of Montgomery County (Ohio) Children Services Board, Helen Leonhart-Jones; and (4) director, Los Angeles County (California) Department of Children and Family Services, Peter Digre. Additional statements, articles, and correspondence--both anecdotal and research-based, are appended from Senator Jeffords, the speakers, and the Child Welfare League of America. (HTH) Y1 - 1996/11/20/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Nov 20 SP - 66 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160538971 KW - Congress 104th KW - Family Reunification KW - Termination of Rights KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Family Environment KW - Child Health KW - Adoption KW - Public Policy KW - Placement KW - Child Safety KW - Federal Legislation KW - Parent Rights KW - Parent Child Relationship KW - Social Services KW - Hearings KW - Child Neglect KW - Childrens Rights KW - Child Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62579532?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Green Book: Appendix L: Summary of welfare reforms made by Public Law 104-193 T2 - WMCP: 104-14 Com. print AN - 59751274; 1997-0413620 AB - Material prepared for the House of Representatives on the need for welfare reform; summarizes provisions of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996; with budget data. JF - United States Government Printing Office, November 4 1996. Y1 - 1996/11/04/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Nov 04 PB - United States Government Printing Office KW - United States -- Congress KW - Public welfare -- United States -- Legislation KW - United States -- Social policy -- Legislation KW - United States -- Appropriations and expenditures KW - United States -- Social conditions -- Statistics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59751274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-11-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Green+Book%3A+Appendix+L%3A+Summary+of+welfare+reforms+made+by+Public+Law+104-193&rft.title=Green+Book%3A+Appendix+L%3A+Summary+of+welfare+reforms+made+by+Public+Law+104-193&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Govt Printing Office N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Green Book: Section 8: Aid to Families with Dependent Children and related rules T2 - WMCP: 104-14 Com. print AN - 59748775; 1997-0413760 AB - Regulations governing AFDC, the federal program replaced by The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996; with data on AFDC enrollment, benefit levels, spending trends, and other statistics; 1970-95. Includes basic federal rules, treatment of income and resources, interaction between AFDC and other programs, job opportunities and basic skills (JOBS) training program, waivers from federal AFDC law, federal and state funding, and other topics. JF - United States Government Printing Office, November 4 1996. Y1 - 1996/11/04/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Nov 04 PB - United States Government Printing Office KW - Poverty relief KW - Federal and state relations -- United States KW - Public welfare -- United States -- Statistics KW - United States -- Social policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59748775?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-11-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Green+Book%3A+Section+8%3A+Aid+to+Families+with+Dependent+Children+and+related+rules&rft.title=Green+Book%3A+Section+8%3A+Aid+to+Families+with+Dependent+Children+and+related+rules&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Govt Printing Office N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Literacy of Older Adults in America. Results from the National Adult Literacy Survey. AN - 62609450; ED402513 AB - The 1992 National Adult Literacy Survey (NALS) examined three types of literacy--prose, document, and quantitative--among the entire older adult population and various subgroups thereof. Of the nationally representative sample of 26,091 adults interviewed during the NALS, 2,267 were aged 60-69, 1,005 were aged 70-79, and 442 were at least 80 years old. Among the main findings were the following: (1) 71% of adults over age 60 demonstrated limited prose skills, and 68% had difficulty finding/processing quantitative information; (2) even when education, language background, and visual impairments were held constant, adults over 60 demonstrated weaker literacy proficiency than their under-60 counterparts; (3) literacy skills were higher among those older adults who were employed or retired and volunteering and those with annual incomes above $10,000; and (4) compared with younger adults, older adults were more likely to report not learning certain literacy skills at all or in school and were less likely to read, write, and use arithmetic in their daily lives. (Sixty-three tables/figures are included. Appended are the following: information on interpreting the literacy scales; 12 additional tables; overview of survey procedures; definitions of subpopulations and variables; and participants in the survey development process and information about the authors.) (MN) AU - Brown, Helen Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - November 1996 SP - 202 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-97-576 KW - National Adult Literacy Survey (NCES) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Adult Literacy KW - Reading Habits KW - Reading Ability KW - National Surveys KW - Educational Attainment KW - Educational Needs KW - Citizen Participation KW - Older Adults KW - Adult Basic Education KW - Employment Patterns KW - Economic Status KW - Literacy Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62609450?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Findings from Vocational Education in the United States: The Early 1990s. AN - 62606296; ED403460 AB - Vocational course taking declined between 1982 and 1992, with especially large enrollment decreases occurring in general labor market preparation and consumer/homemaking education. Only a small proportion of 1992 high school graduates specialized in vocational education (VE). Among occupationally specific VE programs, business, and trade and industry had the highest enrollments. Special populations tended to participate more heavily in VE than did other high school graduates in 1992. A recent study established that vocational course taking and National Assessment of Educational Progress math scores have an unexplained inverse relationship. In 1991, public school vocational teachers served fewer students than did nonvocational teachers. In 1990, postsecondary vocational students accounted for approximately one-third of all undergraduates and one-half of all nonbaccalaureate students. At the postsecondary level, business was the most common major for vocational students, and community colleges had the largest vocational student enrollment. Vocational completers were more likely to be employers than were other individuals who do not participate in postsecondary education, and employment in fields related to postsecondary vocational completers' concentration was associated with higher earnings. Nonbaccalaureate students of low socioeconomic status (SES) were more likely to be vocational majors than were students with high SES. (Contains 13 figures/tables.) (MN) AU - Houser, Jim Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - November 1996 SP - 28 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328 (stock no. 065-000-00963-3, $3.75; Internet: gopher.ed.gov:10000 or http:/www.ed.gov/NCES/). SN - 0160489482 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Two Year Colleges KW - Postsecondary Education KW - High School Graduates KW - Special Needs Students KW - Student Characteristics KW - Student Participation KW - Academic Achievement KW - Educational Trends KW - Mathematics Skills KW - Secondary Education KW - Outcomes of Education KW - Student Financial Aid KW - Enrollment Trends KW - Teaching Load KW - Community Colleges KW - Vocational Education KW - Tables (Data) KW - Class Size UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62606296?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Excerpted from ED 388 841. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER -