TY - RPRT AN - 01111530 AU - Gallagher, Donald W AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Bioremediation of Aircraft Deicing Fluids (Glycol) at Airports PY - 1998/09//Final Report SP - 22p AB - This report describes the work done to determine the effectiveness of various aerobic bioremediation techniques for reducing the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of aircraft deicing fluid runoff. Primary emphasis has been placed on laboratory and field demonstrations of bioremediation systems using various combinations of inocula (bacteria), nutrient mixes, enzyme mixes, and ultrasonic stimulation. Laboratory experiments with a variety of inocula and nutrients together with enzymes and ultrasound are demonstrated showing the importance of the appropriate bacteria and nutrient mix in bioaugmentation. The appropriate mix was shown to significantly influence biodegradation. Deicing solutions were routinely reduced to acceptable BOD levels for effluent discharge in 3 days or less. In the field experiment, a special dual-tank bioreactor system was developed to demonstrate a pilot small-scale system. Experimental operation of this system confirmed that a 3-day or less remediation cycle was possible during the winter season. This is compared to the current cycle of 3 months starting when ambient temperatures are high enough (usually April) to promote activity. KW - Aircraft KW - Airport runways KW - Biochemical oxygen demand KW - Biodeterioration KW - Deicing chemicals KW - Glycols KW - Runoff UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21200/21215/PB99104481.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/870946 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01103311 AU - Lyon, Richard E AU - Hackett, Stacey M AU - Walters, Richard N AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Galaxy Scientific Corporation TI - Heats of Combustion of High-Temperature Polymers PY - 1998/09 SP - 22p AB - The heats of combustion for 47 commercial and developmental polymers of known chemical structure were determined using an oxygen bomb calorimeter according to standard methods. The experimental results were compared to thermochemical calculations of the gross heat of combustion from (1) oxygen consumption and (2) group additivity of the hats of formation of products and reactants. The polymers examined were thermally stable, char-forming thermoplastics and thermoset resins containing a significant degree of aromaticity and heteroatoms including nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, silicon, and oxygen in linear and heterocyclic structures. The gross heats of combustion calculated from polymer enthalpies of formation and oxygen consumption thermochemistry were within 4 and 5 percent, respectively, of the experimental values from oxygen bomb calorimetry. KW - Combustion KW - Fire KW - Fire resistant materials KW - Heat KW - Heat convection KW - Ignition KW - Oxygen KW - Polymers KW - Thermochemistry KW - Thermoplastic materials UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21200/21225/PB99105835.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/860294 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01103206 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Impact of National Airspace Systems (NAS) Modernization on Aircraft Emissions PY - 1998/09 SP - 140p AB - Government and industry agree that a reduction in air traffic control restriction has an enormous potential for time and resource savings. This consensus is well documented in RTCA task force reports and in the National Civil Aviation Review Commission Report. They note that any activity that removes such ATC restrictions represents a move toward Free Flight. In support of Free Flight, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is investing billions of dollars to provide new/enhanced capabilities through the introduction of CNS/ATM technologies into the NAS. This report provides further evidence to support the pursuit of Free Flight initiatives by extending the analysis to include associated environmental benefits. In essence, if Free Flight results in lower fuel burn by users, a corollary benefit is less pollution a clear environmental benefit that is often overlooked. KW - Air pollution sources KW - Air traffic control KW - Aircraft exhaust gases KW - Airspace (Aeronautics) KW - Airspace utilization KW - Civil aviation KW - General aviation KW - Pollution UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16800/16806/PB2000105069.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/860429 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00931289 AU - Nakagawara, V B AU - Wood, K J AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - THE AEROMEDICAL CERTIFICATION OF PHOTOREFRACTIVE KERATECTOMY IN CIVIL AVIATION: A REFERENCE GUIDE PY - 1998/09 SP - 49 p. AB - Radial keratotomy (RK), the first widely accepted surgical procedure to correct refractive errors, involves making radial incisions on the peripheral cornea. These incisions weaken the cornea and allow intraocular pressure to push the peripheral cornea out, flattening the apex and reducing refractive power. There are many disadvantages with RK, including reduced corneal strength, fluctuation of vision, glare, poor refractive predictability and altitude-induced corneal changes, that raise concerns regarding its use in the aviation environment. In 1995, the use of the excimer laser to perform photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) to reshape the anterior curvature of the cornea was approved. Since that time, PRK has become the refractive surgical procedure of choice. It has been reported that for low to moderate levels of myopia there is greater predictability, no fluctuation of vision or reduction in corneal strength, and about 85% of patients have uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better. As with RK, there are aspects of PRK that raise concerns about its use in the aviation environment. Some of these include: night vision problems, reduced contrast sensitivity, stability of refraction, reduced best-corrected visual acuity, and induced anisometropia. Using a mathematical model, it was estimated that by the year 2000 there may be over 1,200 civil airmen who elect to have PRK performed. To provide the aeromedical community with information to formulate administrative decisions and policies associated with this new refractive surgical procedure, this paper reviews the results of clinical trials on PRK and discusses its applicability in aviation. KW - Air pilots KW - Aviation medicine KW - Certification KW - Civil aviation KW - Controlled trials KW - Eye KW - Glare KW - Lasers KW - Mathematical models KW - Night vision KW - Photorefractive keratectomy KW - Radial keratotomy KW - Surgery KW - Vision KW - Vision disorders UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM98-25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724054 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00931288 AU - Thompson, R C AU - Bailey, L L AU - Farmer, W L AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - PREDICTORS OF PERCEIVED EMPOWERMENT: AN INITIAL ASSESSMENT PY - 1998/09 SP - 12 p. AB - Recent research suggests that employee empowerment is related to a number of variables besides organizational structure and the use of teams. The present paper examined a number of organizational context variables, obtained from three samples in two government agencies. Perceptions of empowerment were then predicted from these context variables. The results show that perceptions of communication are the strongest predictor of empowerment perceptions across samples. In addition, the size of the communication slope estimate (B value) did not differ across the sample. The results support the contention that context factors besides teams and restructuring are related to empowerment. Specifically, communication perceptions are consistently the strongest predictor across samples and measures. Future research should examine the mechanisms that relate communication and empowerment. KW - Employee communications KW - Employee empowerment KW - Employee relations KW - Government agencies KW - Organization KW - Teams KW - Workplaces UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724053 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00789562 AU - Edwards, V AU - Daskalakis, A C AU - Oswald, L J AU - Brading, J AU - Warren, R AU - Dawes, N AU - Ubnoske, M AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - RUNWAY STATUS LIGHTS EVALUATION REPORT PY - 1998/09 SP - 360 p. AB - The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) conducted a proof-of-concept demonstration of the Runway Status Lights (RWSL) at Bostons Logan International Airport. The RWSL, employing a network of lights on the airport movement surface, conveys information to enhance the pilots situational awareness of airport operations and to reduce the incidence of runway incursions and airport surface accents. The FAA extended the effort conducted previously by MIT Lincoln Laboratory by installing an operational system in a live environment, integrating the system with primary radar, designing and installing a prototype lighting system and demonstrating the performance requirements needed to uncover the lights. Maximum use of commercial off-the-shelf equipment (COTS) hardware and software was utilized to minimize cost and expedite the challenging schedule. The RWSL proof-of-concept demonstration accomplished all of its engineering objectives. One hundred hours of data were collected, representing 8298 operations involving arriving and departing aircraft with the network of lights covered, i.e. not observable to the pilots. The analysis of the data was used as a baseline to define system performance. The performance of the lighting network registered over 98% agreement with the Air Traffic Control (ATC) instructions. Because of restrictive limitations placed on uncovering the network of lights to pilots, statistically significant quantitative information was not collected. Specific recommendations and suggestions for improvement are included in this document. KW - Airport runways KW - Airport surface traffic control KW - Airports KW - Lighting KW - Operations research KW - Performance evaluations KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/647895 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00789534 AU - Geyer, M AU - Vilcans, J AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - SURVEILLANCE ALTERNATIVES: COST ESTIMATES AND TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE EN ROUTE DOMAIN PY - 1998/09 SP - 122 p. AB - This report presents cost estimates and technical performance projections for ten aircraft surveillance architectures. The architectures are intended for use in the en route flight domain, and are comprised of various combinations of Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B), Monopulse Secondary Surveillance Radar (MSSR), and multialteration systems. Cost estimates are developed for use in comparing technologies (rather than specific programs). Technical performance information is presented in the areas of coverage, accuracy, and capacity. KW - Aircraft operations KW - Architecture KW - Automation KW - Broadcasting KW - Cost estimating KW - Performance KW - Radar KW - Surveillance KW - System design KW - Technology assessment UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21000/21071/PB98173552.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/647867 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01162934 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Record of Decision for the Proposed Master Plan Improvements at Kahului Airport Kahului, Maui, Hawaii PY - 1998/08 SP - 52p AB - This document serves as a Record of Decision (ROD) for the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) unconditional approval of projects for Phases 1 and Phase 2 of the 1993 Kahului Airport Master Plan. FAA's final approval of Phase 3 will require FAA and Hawaii Department of Transportation (HDOT) to complete additional environmental review and analyses for those long-range Phase 3 components. FAA and HDOT will undertake the review and analyses when the need for these Phase 3 components is foreseeable. Therefore, until such time all Phase 3 component remain conditionally approved. In addition to clarifying FAA's approval of the various phases, this ROD will discuss: the purpose and need of the proposed project; the actions FAA approved; the alternatives examined in the final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) made publicly available on October 31, 1997; the environmental effects of the preferred alternative; mitigation measures that will be implemented; satisfaction of grant assurances; and the decision to approve the action. The nature and extent of FAA's decision is clearly stated in this ROD, the decision document for the proposed projects. KW - Airport operations KW - Airports KW - Decision making KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental mitigation KW - Kahului (Hawaii) KW - Master plans KW - Planning and design UR - http://www.faa.gov/airports/environmental/records_decision/media/rod_maui.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/920689 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00931286 AU - Canfield, D V AU - Smith, M D AU - Ritter, R M AU - Chaturvedi, A K AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - PREPARATION OF CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN STANDARDS AND CALCULATION OF SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC QUANTITATION CONSTANTS PY - 1998/08 SP - 11 p. AB - The Toxicology and Accident Research Laboratory of the Federal Aviation Administration is required to analyze specimens from all pilots involved in fatal aircraft accidents for the presence of carbon monoxide poisoning to determine if carbon monoxide caused pilot incapacitation leading to the accident. Therefore, reliable and stable carbon monoxide controls are needed to assure the accuracy of the analysis of carbon monoxide. A method was developed for the preparation of carboxyhemoglobin standards, which were stable for more then 4 months with the prepared control remaining within acceptable limits during this time. A mathematical equation was developed to more accurately determine the constants A and B used in the equation COHB% = 100[(C-B)/(A-B)], where B = 0% COHB peak ratio at 540nm and 579nm; A = 100% COHB peak ratio at 540nm and 579nm; and C = the peak ratio at 540nm and 579nm for the blood being analyzed. The new equations provided results consistent with those obtained from a CO-OXIMETER. KW - Air pilots KW - Aircraft crash victims KW - Blood analysis KW - Blood carbon monoxide levels KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Constants KW - Crash investigation KW - Equations KW - Specimens KW - Spectrophotometry KW - Standards KW - Toxicology KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM98-21.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724051 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00931287 AU - Broach, D AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE COLLEGIATE TRAINING INITIATIVE FOR AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SPECIALISTS PROGRAM: PROGRESS OF MINNESOTA AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TRAINING CENTER GRADUATES IN EN ROUTE FIELD TRAINING PY - 1998/08 SP - 76 p. AB - This summative evaluation of the Collegiate Training Initiative for Air Traffic Control Specialists focused on the progress of the Minnesota Air Traffic Control Training Center (MnATCTC) graduates in en route field training. The evaluation compared 136 MnATCTC graduates with 157 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Academy graduates on 4 classes of measures: (a) diversity; (b) progress in training at the first assigned field facility; (c) attrition from the first assigned field facility; and (d) performance ratings at the first assigned facility. A cost-benefit analysis for the MnATCTC program was also conducted. There were significantly more women in the MnATCTC (40%) than in the FAA Academy group (17%); there were no significant differences in minority representation. Just 17% of the MnATCTC had achieved full performance level (FPL) certification as of June 1995, compared with 69% of the FAA Academy group. However, time to FPL and attrition rates were similar. MnATCTC graduates were rated significantly lower than FAA Academy graduates by supervisors in teamwork, technical skill, technical knowledge, and overall potential to succeed in the ATCS occupation. Cost analysis found that MnATCTC per-hire costs would be competitive with FAA Academy costs-per-student by FY1998-2000. Cost-benefit analysis found that the MnATCTC would begin returning about $1.45 in avoided costs and savings to the agency for every $1 invested by FY1998-2001, even with continued FAA financial support. However, with a maximum capacity of about 100 graduates per year, the MnATCTC can provide only a small fraction of the FAA controller workforce. In summary, this evaluation found that the MnATCTC program appears to be achieving its stated goals. KW - Air traffic control facilities KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Diversity KW - Enroute traffic control KW - Graduates KW - Knowledge KW - Minnesota KW - Performance evaluations KW - Personnel performance KW - Training programs KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM98-22.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724052 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01126474 AU - Speitel, Louise C AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Effects of Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid Spills and Aircraft Aluminum Skin PY - 1998/07//Technical Note SP - 14p AB - The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of a spill of concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCL) on the aircraft aluminum skin of a cargo compartment and to determine the time required for a spill to cause catastrophic failure for a worst-case scenario. KW - Aircraft materials KW - Aircraft structural components KW - Aluminum KW - Chemical spills KW - Failure analysis KW - Hydrochloric acid UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20900/20974/PB98163280.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/887497 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01111250 AU - Baker, David AU - Marker, Timothy AU - Hill, Richard AU - Reinhardt, John AU - Sarkos, Constantine AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Cargo Compartment Fire Protection in Large Commercial Transport Aircraft PY - 1998/07//Technical Note SP - 26p AB - This report describes recent research by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) related to cargo compartment fire protection in large transport aircraft. A gaseous hydrofluorocarbon, HFC-125, was compared to Halon 1301 in terms of fire suppression effectiveness and agent decomposition levels in the cargo compartment and passenger cabin during full-scale tests involving a bulk-loaded cargo fire. Also, a zoned water mist system was desiged and evaluated against a bulk-loaded cargo fire. An exploding aerosol can simulator is being developed to provide a repeatable fire threat for evaluation of new halon replacements agents. The potential severity of an exploding aerosol can inside a cargo compartment and the effectiveness of Halon 1301 inerting was demonstrated. Tests were also conducted to determine the effectiveness of Halon 1201 against a carbon fire involving oxygen canisters. Finally, HFC-125 was evaluated for use as a simulant for Halon 1301 during cargo compartment approval testing to demonstrate compliance with applicable FAA regulations. KW - Aerosols KW - Cargo compartments KW - Civil aircraft KW - Containers KW - Fire extinguishers KW - Fire protection KW - Safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20900/20975/PB98163298.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/870918 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00931285 AU - Prinzo, O V AU - Lieberman, P AU - Pickett, E AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Brown University TI - AN ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS OF ATC COMMUNICATION PY - 1998/07 SP - 27 p. AB - An acoustic analysis of air traffic control communications was conducted using air traffic control specialists (ATCS) from a terminal radar approach control facility. Each ATCS worked light and heavy traffic density scenarios for 2 feeders and 1 final sector. All communications were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Workload was determined by the number of aircraft under positive control when the ATCS initiated a transmission. Utterances were selected to achieve maximum workload contrast. For each participant, the 5 lowest workload utterances from the light version of the scenario (simulating that participant's normal work station) and the 5 highest workload utterances from the heavy version of the scenario (simulating a work station unfamiliar to the participant) were identified and digitized. For all participants, speaking rate, pause frequency and pause duration were generated from the selected utterances using a speech analysis system. The results indicate that ATCSs tended to pause more frequently and for greater duration under a light workload condition. The hesitations found in their speech may reflect a shift between a more cognitive "thinking" response mode in light traffic situations where ATCSs know that they have more time to respond and a more automatic mode, which allows them to respond to the increased pace induced by higher traffic loads. In conclusion, it appears that hesitation in speech may be a potential indicator of workload. Despite its highly speaker-dependent nature, hesitation pauses may be a useful indicator of an ATCS's responding in a cognitive, rather than in an automatic mode. KW - Acoustic properties KW - Air traffic KW - Air traffic control KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Cognition KW - Communication KW - Simulation KW - Speech KW - Workload UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM98-20.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724050 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00931284 AU - Chaturvedi, A K AU - Vu, N T AU - Ritter, R M AU - Canfield, D V AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - DNA PROFILING AS AN ADJUNCT QUALITY CONTROL/QUALITY ASSURANCE IN FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY PY - 1998/07 SP - 10 p. AB - To investigate aircraft accidents, multiple postmortem biological samples of victims are submitted to the Civil Aerospace Medical Institute for toxicological evaluation. However, depending upon the nature of a particular accident, body components are often scattered, disintegrated, commingled, contaminated, and/or putrefied. These factors impose difficulties on victim identification, tissue matching, and thereby authentic sample analysis and result interpretation. Nevertheless, these quality control/quality assurance (QC/QA) related limitations can be overcome by using deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) profiling. This paper describes three situations where DNA analysis was instrumental in resolving a tissue mismatching/commingling issue, pinpointing an accessioning/analytical error, and interpreting an unusual analytical result. Biological samples from these cases were examined for six independently inherited genetic loci using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) suitable for analyzing degraded DNA generally encountered in putrefied/contaminated samples. These examples demonstrate the applicability of the PCR-based DNA profiling in a QC/QA program to enhance the effectiveness of forensic toxicology operation. However, such applicability will be feasible only in those setups where in-house DNA facilities are accessible. KW - Aircraft crash victims KW - Civil Aeromedical Institute KW - Crash investigation KW - Deoxyribose nucleic acid KW - Forensic medicine KW - Genetics KW - Quality assurance KW - Quality control KW - Samples KW - Toxicology UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/9818.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724049 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00766491 AU - Cosper, D K AU - McLean, G A AU - LB and M Associates AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF DITCHING AND WATER SURVIVAL TRAINING PROGRAMS OF MAJOR AIRFRAME MANUFACTURERS AND AIRLINES PY - 1998/07 SP - 40 p. AB - Current transport category aircrew training programs related to ditching and water survival are reviewed for content and attention to detail. This activity resulted from industry and regulatory inquiries about the state-of-the-art in ditching and water survival operations, especially with regard to the increasing number of aircraft operations, and associated opportunities for emergency water landing events that the future will bring. The information on water landing events was gathered from published reports related to these issues. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Ditching KW - Emergencies KW - Landing KW - Survival KW - Training UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21800/21898/PB99146839.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/502643 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00766009 AU - Fleming, G G AU - Roof, C J AU - Rapoza, A S AU - Read, D R AU - Webster, J C AU - Liebman, P C AU - Valihura, P J AU - Lewis, K C AU - Schomer, P D AU - Plante, J A AU - Draper, J A AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF NOISE DOSE/VISITOR RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS FOR THE NATIONAL PARKS OVERFLIGHT RULE: BRYCE CANYON NATIONAL PARK STUDY PY - 1998/07 SP - 256 p. AB - This research was conducted in support of the National Parks Overflight Rule (National Rule). The foundation of the research program for the National Rule is the performance of noise dose/visitor response (dose-response) studies in several National Parks. This document summarizes the results of a dose-response study conducted along two separate segments of a frontcountry, short-hike trail at Bryce Canyon National Park during the period August 19 through 27, 1997. KW - Aircraft noise KW - Bryce Canyon National Park KW - Dose-response studies KW - National parks KW - National Parks Overflight Rule KW - Noise dose UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34300/34355/DOT-VNTSC-FAA-98-6.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/502470 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00754433 AU - Fobes, J L AU - Neiderman, E C AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SCREENER ASSIST TECHNOLOGIES PY - 1998/07 SP - 36 p. AB - The document lists the human factors functional requirements for Screener Assist Technologies (SAT) to enhance screener performance to detect threat objects. The report also describes the required interactions with Threat Image Projection (TIP) systems, naming conventions for threats, data report capabilities, FAA acceptance test procedures, and operational and technical criteria that will be used to assess system effectiveness. KW - Air traffic control KW - Human factors KW - Image processing KW - Performance evaluations KW - Reliability KW - Screener assist technologies KW - Screenings KW - Systems reliability KW - Test evaluation KW - Tests KW - Threat evaluation KW - Threats UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20900/20945/PB98159742.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/536959 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01126429 AU - Hoffer, Stefan AU - Berardino, Frank AU - Smith, Jack AU - Rubin, Stuart AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Economic Values for Evaluation of Federal Aviation Administration Investment and Regulatory Programs (June 1998) PY - 1998/06 SP - 122p AB - This report presents economic values, often referred to as 'critical values,' for use in the conduct of benefit-cost and other evaluations of investments, including certain Airport Improvement Program (AIP) grants, and regulations subject to Federal Aviation Administration decisionmaking. Application of these values to their corresponding physical quantities permits valuation of the physical quantities in dollars. Values presented fall into two general groups. Passenger related values consist of the the value of passenger time, the value of an avoided fatality, and the value of avoided injuries. Aircraft related values include aircraft capacity and utilization factors, aircraft operating and ownership costs, and aircraft replacement and restoration costs. Passenger related values are established by Department of Transportation policy which is applicable to all Modal Administrations within the Department. Aircraft related values have been developed by the Office of Aviation Policy and Plans from public and proprietary data sources. For aircraft related values, detail for most measures is available by specific aircraft, by generic aircraft classification, such as two engine narrow body, four engine wide body, or single engine piston, and by user profiles such as scheduled commercial service, air taxi, general aviation, or commuter. KW - Aircraft KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Critical values KW - Economic analysis KW - Investments KW - Passengers KW - Regulation KW - Value of life KW - Value of time UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20800/20898/PB98157530.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/887335 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01103183 AU - Snyder, Michael D AU - Bryant, David J AU - Dunn, Jean AU - Stein, Earl S AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Human Factors Technical Writer's Guide PY - 1998/06//Technical Note SP - 87p AB - The Program Directorate for Aviation Simulation and Human Factors (ACT-500) of the Federal Aviation Administration William J. Hughes Technical Center determined that there should be a standardized method to create technical documents. The Human Factors Branch (ACT-530) was tasked to develop this document. They decided that standardizing technical documents should not only dwell on developing the document but teaching basic writing techniques to make all ACT-500 documents consistent. A small team was selected from ACT-530 support personnel to develop a handbook and teach the basics of technical writing. The handbook includes four distinct sections: Organization, General Writing Concerns, Sentence Construction, and Special Topics. The team also developed a slide presentation that tracks the handbook very closely. This document is the published version of the handbook. KW - Documents KW - Education and training KW - Handbooks KW - Human factors engineering KW - Personnel KW - Standardization KW - Technical writing KW - Training UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/13000/13800/13853/ADA353978.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/860387 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00800896 AU - Hoffer, S AU - Berardino, F AU - Smith, J AU - Rubin, S AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ECONOMIC VALUES FOR EVALUATION OF FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION INVESTMENT AAND REGULATORY DECISIONS PY - 1998/06 SP - v.p. AB - This report presents economic values, often referred to as "critical values", for use in the conduct of benefit-cost and other evaluations of investments, including certain Airport Improvement Program (AIP) grants, and regulations subject to Federal Aviation Administration decision making. Application of these values to their corresponding physical quantities permits valuation of the physical quantities in dollars. Conceptually, they can be thought of as measures of the dollar sacrifice associated with each physical quantity outcome - avoided fatality, air frame damage, etc. - resulting from a potential investment of regulatory action that society and users should be willing to make to undertake that investment or regulatory action. Values presented fall into two general groups: passenger related values, such as value of passenger time, the value of avoided fatality, and the value of avoided injuries; and aircraft related values, such as aircraft capacity and utilization factors, aircraft operating and ownership costs, and aircraft replacement and restoration costs. KW - Aircraft operations KW - Airports KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Decision making KW - Economic analysis KW - Injuries KW - Investments KW - Operating costs KW - Value of life KW - Value of time UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20800/20898/PB98157530.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/667627 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00757639 AU - Vardaman, J J AU - Stein, E S AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A BEHAVIORALLY BASED RATING FORM FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF EN ROUTE AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER PERFORMANCE PY - 1998/06 SP - 68 p. AB - This project expanded and evaluated the performance evaluation method developed by Sollenberger, Stein, and Gromelski, a Terminal Radar Approach Control rating form and training package designed to better assess air traffic controller performance. The form is a research-oriented testing and assessment tool designed to measure the efficacy of new air traffic control (ATC) systems, system enhancements, and operational procedures in simulation research. The rating form used in the present study focused on observable behaviors that supervisory air traffic control specialists (SATCSs) use to make behaviorally based ratings of en route controller performance. Researchers also investigated the relationship between performance ratings and personality traits from the Sixteen Personality factor personality inventory. KW - Air traffic control KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Human performance KW - Operational procedures KW - Operations KW - Performance evaluations KW - Personnel performance KW - Simulation KW - Systems analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/538258 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00796203 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - CONCEPT PAPER FOR SEPARATION SAFETY MODELING: AN FAA/EUROCONTROL COOPERATIVE EFFORT ON AIR TRAFFIC MODELING FOR SEPARATION STANDARDS PY - 1998/05/20 SP - 178 p. AB - In today's air traffic enforcement there is an emphasis on economic, cost-efficient operations and the need to not just maintain aviation safety, but dramatically improve it. With this emphasis has come the requirement to modernize en route and terminal air traffic operations. This is being accomplished by transitioning to satellite-based navigation and surveillance, the equipage of ground facilities and aircraft cockpits with new technology, and the introduction of new airspace procedures and rules. Both the FAA and EUROCONTROL face this challenge of airspace modernization. An overriding concern of both organizations is that as the modernization occurs, aviation safety is maintained and improved. This paper describes the beginnings of an attempt to create a model for the use in airspace where radar separation is provided, one that will enable the estimation of the risk of a midair collision or other safety problem (e.g., serious wake vortex encounter) as a function of parameters such as separation minima, accuracy of position information, integrity of systems, and controller automation aids. KW - Air traffic control KW - Automation KW - Aviation safety KW - Cockpits KW - Improvements KW - Midair crashes KW - Modernization KW - Satellite terminals (Airports) KW - Surveillance KW - Terminal air traffic control KW - Terminal operations UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16800/16807/PB2000105071.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/654347 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00931281 AU - Mills, S H AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - THE COMBINATION OF FLIGHT COUNT AND CONTROL TIME AS A NEW METERIC OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL ACTIVITY PY - 1998/05 SP - 15 p. AB - The exploration of measures of airspace activity is useful in a number of significant ways, including the establishment of baseline air traffic control (ATC) measures and the development of tools and procedures for airspace management. This report introduces a new metric of ATC activity that combines two existing measures (flight count and the time aircraft are under control). The Aircraft Activity Index (AAI) is sensitive to changes in both flight count and flight length, and therefore is a superior measure for comparing aircraft activity between two epochs of time. The AAI was applied to data from 10 days of System Analysis Recordings obtained from the Seattle Air Route Control Center. The advantages of the AAI were most apparent when different aircraft types consistently had different mean flight lengths. Possible uses of the AAI and other ATC measures for the evaluation of new systems and procedures are discussed. KW - Air traffic control KW - Air traffic control facilities KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft activity index KW - Airspace utilization KW - Control time KW - Flight characteristics KW - Flight control systems KW - Flight count KW - Flight time KW - Measurement KW - Systems analysis KW - Time periods UR - http://libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/faa-aviation-medicine-reports/AM98-15.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724046 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00931283 AU - Prinzo, O V AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF VOICE COMMUNICATION IN A SIMULATED APPROACH CONTROL ENVIRONMENT PY - 1998/05 SP - 30 p. AB - This report consists of an analysis of simulated terminal radar approach control (TRACON) air traffic control communications. Twenty-four full performance level air traffic controllers (FPLATC) from 2 TRACON facilities participated in the simulation study. Each controller worked 2 light- and 2 heavy-traffic density scenarios for feeder and final sectors. All communications were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim by a retired FPLATC. Once transcribed, transmissions were parsed into communication elements. Each communication element was assigned a speech act category (e.g., address, instruction, request, or advisory), an aviation topic (e.g., altitude, heading, speed) and then coded for irregularities (e.g., grouping numbers together when they should be spoken sequentially, or omitting, substituting, or adding words contrary to required phraseology). The simulated communications were compared to an analysis performed on audiotapes from the same TRACON facilities. Percentages in 3 speech act categories were comparable (Instruction, 55% versus 51%; Address; 14% versus 26%; Advisory, 24% versus 18%). Detailed analyses revealed that, although there were fewer irregular communications produced during simulation, the distributions of those communication irregularities were very much the same, with the exception of aircraft call sign. The differences in those distributions were attributed to the voice recognition system; it could not recognize a call sign spoken sequentially and then restated in grouped form. KW - Air traffic control KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Approach control KW - Audio media KW - Communication KW - Simulation KW - Speech recognition KW - Taxonomy UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/9817.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724048 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00931282 AU - Gronlund, S D AU - Ohrt, D D AU - Dougherty, MRP AU - Perry, J L AU - Manning, C A AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman TI - AIRCRAFT IMPORTANCE AND ITS RELEVANCE TO SITUATION AWARENESS PY - 1998/05 SP - 14 p. AB - En route air traffic controllers (currently serving as instructors at the Federal Aviation Administration Academy) are tested to determine what they remember about the aircraft in their sector. The primary focus is memory for flight data (especially aircraft altitude and ground speed) and the position of the aircraft on the radar screen. Aircraft importance affected memory for flight data but not the highly accurate recall of the radar position of the aircraft. Results suggest that controllers use their excellent memory for aircraft position to classify aircraft as important (potential traffic) or not, and better remember flight data about important aircraft (in particular, their exact altitude). The results have implications for improving techniques to assess situation awareness and interfaces to support it. KW - Air traffic KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Aircraft KW - Altitude KW - Awareness KW - Enroute traffic control KW - Ground speed KW - Instructors KW - Memory UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/9816.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724047 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00931280 AU - Rodgers, M D AU - Mogford, R H AU - Mogford, L S AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Rigel Associates TI - THE RELATIONSHIP OF SECTOR CHARACTERISTICS TO OPERATIONAL ERRORS PY - 1998/05 SP - 67 p. AB - An exploratory study was conducted on the relationship of air traffic control (ATC) complexity factors to operational errors (OEs). This consisted of a detailed examination of OE data from 1992 through 1995 from the Atlanta en route center. The Systematic Air Traffic Operations Research Initiative (SATORI) system was used to collect data for the analysis. Sectors were categorized into zero-, low-, and high-error groups. Fifteen sector and traffic flow variables had statistically significant correlations with OE frequency. Four variables were higher for the high-error group as compared to the zero-error group. Sector size was smaller for the high-error group as compared to the combined zero- and low-error categories. A significant multiple correlation was found between overall OE rate and a subset of the ATC complexity measures. The data were also analyzed to define relationships between the complexity measures and controller situational awareness (SA) at the time of the OE. The only statistically significant difference between OEs with and without SA was for horizontal separation. In addition, high-error sectors were characterized by low SA for errors. Certain sector and traffic flow characteristics were associated with these high-error sectors, suggesting that these factors may negatively affect SA. It was concluded that the results demonstrated a relationship between sector complexity and OE rate. Such findings, if extended, could assist with traffic management, sector design activities, and the development of decision-support systems. KW - Air traffic control KW - Aircraft separation KW - Atlanta (Georgia) KW - Awareness KW - Decision support systems KW - Enroute traffic control KW - Human error KW - Operational errors KW - Traffic flow UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/9814.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724045 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00931279 AU - Shehab, R L AU - Schlegel, R E AU - Palmerton, D A AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman TI - A HUMAN FACTORS PERSPECTIVE ON HUMAN EXTERNAL LOADS PY - 1998/05 SP - 29 p. AB - Title 14 part 133 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR 133) titled, "Rotorcraft External Load Operations," describes the operation and certification rules governing helicopter external load operations. Specifically, 14 CFR 133.45 addresses rotorcraft operations involving human external loads (HELs) and the design of personnel lifting devices used in HEL operations. To determine if there is a need for new regulations on HEL operations, the Rotorcraft Standards Directorate of the Aircraft Certification Service requested the Civil Aerospace Medical Institute to review all available accident databases to determine if HEL operations are unsafe or sufficiently problematic to warrant a change in the existing regulations. This report investigates HEL accidents, categorizes commercially available equipment used in different personnel lifting operations, and provides human-factor related recommendations affecting the use of these HEL lifting devices. A review of accident data between 1973 and 1996 did not reveal any accident trends or highlight any specific safety issues related to HEL operations. A review of commercially-available HEL equipment showed the devices were designed for either short-term, rescue-type operations or long-term, work-related activities where the user is required to remain in the device for extended periods of time. Suggestions concerning the safety, comfort, and use of HEL devices are provided, as well as recommendations that standard operating procedures, training for HEL crew members, and minimal equipment specifications be added to the current regulation. KW - Aircraft Certification Service KW - Aviation safety KW - Civil Aerospace Medical Institute KW - Comfort KW - Crash data KW - Flight personnel KW - Helicopters KW - Human external loads KW - Human factors KW - Lifting equipment KW - Recommendations KW - Regulations KW - Rotary wing aircraft KW - Specifications KW - Training UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/9813.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724044 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00811708 AU - U.S. General Accounting Office AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL: WEAK COMPUTER SECURITY PRACTICES JEOPARDIZE FLIGHT SAFETY PY - 1998/05 SP - 26 p. AB - Security at airports has received great attention in recent years due to several commercial aircraft explosions; however, securing our nations airports alone does not ensure safe air travel. It is also critical to secure the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) air traffic control (ATC) computer systems that provide information to air traffic controllers and aircraft flight crews to ensure safe and expeditious movement of aircraft. Given the paramount importance of computer security to ATC systems, this report determines 1) whether FAA is effectively managing physical security at ATC facilities and systems security for its current operational systems, 2) whether FAA is effectively managing systems security for future ATC modernization systems, and 3) the effectiveness of FAA's management structure and implementation of policy for computer security. KW - Air traffic control KW - Airports KW - Aviation safety KW - Commercial transportation KW - Computer security KW - Flight crews KW - Passenger security KW - Security UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/000/200/239/ai98155.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680236 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00749954 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Aussendorf, P AU - Chambers, C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SUMMARY OF AIRPORT DEVELOPMENT NEEDS PY - 1998/05 IS - 485 SP - p. 8-12 AB - This report summarizes a General Accounting Office (GAO) study of airport development needs. The study had three objectives: (1) To understand the various estimates made in 1996 and reconcile their differences; (2) To estimate airport development needs for the period 1997-2001; and (3) To identify the factors that affect core capital needs. U1 - Airport System Capital Requirements (Workshop)Federal Aviation Administration; and Committee on Intergovernmental Relations in Aviation, Transportation Research Board.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970415 EndDate:19970415 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration; and Committee on Intergovernmental Relations in Aviation, Transportation Research Board. KW - Airport development KW - Airport operations KW - Airport planning KW - Airports KW - Capital KW - Development KW - Estimates KW - Finance KW - Needs assessment KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/486672 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00749957 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Dickerson, S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - AIRPORT SYSTEM CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS - AMERICA'S FUTURE IN AIRPORT INFRASTRUCTURE PY - 1998/05 IS - 485 SP - p. 19-20 AB - The American Association of Airport Executives (AAAE) and the Airports Council International-North America (ACI-NA) have conducted periodic surveys to assess the capital development funding needs of airports throughout the United States. In 1990, 1992, and 1995, these surveys showed a consistent need for $10 billion annually for airport development, safety, and capital reconstruction. In contrast, the Federal Government has been providing appropriated funding from the aviation trust fund and local passenger facility charge (PFC) authority for a total of $11 billion over five years--approximately one-fifth of the needed investment. Adding airport bonds, PFC income, and other local revenues to the federal investment boosts the total current investment to just over one-half of the estimated airport development needs. The national aviation system can absorb this underfunding for a limited time, but at some point demand for airport capacity will overtake supply, prices will increase, and national economic activity will begin to suffer. The viewpoint of the AAAE is that the United States is seriously underinvesting in airport infrastructure. U1 - Airport System Capital Requirements (Workshop)Federal Aviation Administration; and Committee on Intergovernmental Relations in Aviation, Transportation Research Board.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970415 EndDate:19970415 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration; and Committee on Intergovernmental Relations in Aviation, Transportation Research Board. KW - Airport capacity KW - Airport development KW - Airport operations KW - Airport planning KW - Airports KW - Capital KW - Data collection KW - Demand KW - Development KW - Economic factors KW - Economic impacts KW - Executives KW - Federal aid KW - Finance KW - Needs assessment KW - Perspective views KW - Supply KW - Supply and demand KW - Surveys KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/486675 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00749961 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Speak, H A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE VIEWS OF METROPOLITAN PLANNING ORGANIZATIONS ON AIRPORT SYSTEM CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS PY - 1998/05 IS - 485 SP - p. 25-27 AB - This report presents the views of metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) on airport system capital requirements. Over the past 15 years, relatively few MPOs have undertaken the preparation of a metropolitan/regional airport system plan. The more prominent of the MPOs that have participated in this aviation system planning process are Los Angeles, Oakland, Salt Lake City, Dallas, St. Louis, Detroit, Atlanta, Philadelphia, and Pittsburgh. MPOs as a group do not have a capital needs list for airport improvements in metropolitan areas across the country. To prepare this report, the views of representatives from Philadelphia, St. Louis, and Pittsburgh, who have considerable experience in aviation system planning, were assembled. Three issues are addressed: (1) Comparison and discussion of estimates of airport system capital needs; (2) Current methods for allocating resources; and (3) Adequacy of existing funds to meet the needs. In conclusion, it is proposed that effort should be devoted to identifying the Nation's "real" aviation needs through the preparation of a National Airport System Plan. U1 - Airport System Capital Requirements (Workshop)Federal Aviation Administration; and Committee on Intergovernmental Relations in Aviation, Transportation Research Board.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970415 EndDate:19970415 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration; and Committee on Intergovernmental Relations in Aviation, Transportation Research Board. KW - Airport operations KW - Capital KW - Estimates KW - Finance KW - Fund allocations KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - National airport system plan KW - Needs assessment KW - Perspective views KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/486679 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00749962 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Mudge, R R AU - Lexton, M AU - Reed, W AU - Lewis, D L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - AIRPORT SYSTEM CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS - FUNDING SOURCES AND FINANCING MECHANISMS PY - 1998/05 IS - 485 SP - p. 28-38 AB - In response to the workshop presentations on airport funding needs made by representatives of various aviation organizations, a panel of experts on airport funding and financing offered their views on how airport capital requirements might be met. Richard R. Mudge, Apogee Research, Inc., gives a brief outline of the history and background of what is happening in finance across all airport infrastructure, followed by his view of the lessons that can be drawn for airport finance. Michael Lexton, Lehman Brothers, sees the key issue as being the allocation of who pays. There is plenty of money available for airport projects and a lot of people who want to invest in airports. He sees the need for a strong working partnership of airlines, airports, and the Federal Government. William Reed, Booze, Allen and Hamilton, has four key messages to get out on the table: (1) There are different answers for different types of airports; (2) Increasing the Passenger Facility Charge to a $5 level just does not do it; (3) Airports have access to very good financing - bonds are an excellent mechanism in the tax-exempt marketplace; and (4) The user pays - the focus should be on how to get the user to pay and who the user is. David L. Lewis, Hickling Lewis Brod, Inc., uses his experiences with (1) the Los Angeles International Airport and the airlines over the proposed sharp increase in landing fees and (2) the Canadian government in creating a commercialized aviation system, to provide insight into how airport and aviation system financing works in general. U1 - Airport System Capital Requirements (Workshop)Federal Aviation Administration; and Committee on Intergovernmental Relations in Aviation, Transportation Research Board.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970415 EndDate:19970415 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration; and Committee on Intergovernmental Relations in Aviation, Transportation Research Board. KW - Airport operations KW - Capital KW - Finance KW - Perspective views KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/486680 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00749953 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Kurland, S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - AIRPORT SYSTEM CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS. OPENING REMARKS AND FINAL REMARKS PY - 1998/05 IS - 485 SP - p. 7, 50 AB - In her opening remarks, Susan Kurland, Associate Administrator for Airports, Federal Aviation Administration, welcomes the workshop participants, discusses the workshop purpose, and comments on the workshop agenda. She points out that the workshop discussions should provide a richer understanding of system needs as seen from various perspectives and should highlight the concerns of different segments of civil aviation. In her final remarks at the conclusion of the workshop, she comments on the constructive exchange of views that has taken place and how areas of common ground have been identified. U1 - Airport System Capital Requirements (Workshop)Federal Aviation Administration; and Committee on Intergovernmental Relations in Aviation, Transportation Research Board.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970415 EndDate:19970415 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration; and Committee on Intergovernmental Relations in Aviation, Transportation Research Board. KW - Airport operations KW - Capital KW - Federal aid KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Fund allocations KW - Government funding KW - Reauthorization KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/486671 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00749958 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Coleman, W S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - AIRPORT SYSTEM CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS - THE PERSPECTIVE OF REGIONAL AIRLINES PY - 1998/05 IS - 485 SP - p. 20-21 AB - This report presents the regional airlines' perspective on airport requirements. Regional airlines may have significant ramp space requirements at many airports. They need to find solutions to the problems of ramp safety and weather protection when crossing ramps. They see an immediate and continuing need for airlines and airports to reach agreement on what needs to be done. Decisions on airside and landside projects must have the agreement of those who produce the revenue, i.e., the airlines. Passenger Facility Charges (PFCs) are something that regional carriers and airports have found little agreement on. The Regional Airline Association members objected to PFCs when they were first proposed and continue to resist the imposition of this tax and the requirement that airlines collect it. Regional airlines will continue to participate in the deliberative process as PFC-funded programs are proposed, however, it is a time-consuming and difficult task for many regional carriers. U1 - Airport System Capital Requirements (Workshop)Federal Aviation Administration; and Committee on Intergovernmental Relations in Aviation, Transportation Research Board.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970415 EndDate:19970415 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration; and Committee on Intergovernmental Relations in Aviation, Transportation Research Board. KW - Airport operations KW - Capital KW - Decision making KW - Finance KW - Passenger facility charges KW - Perspective views KW - Ramp safety KW - Ramp space requirements KW - Ramp weather protection KW - Regional airlines KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/486676 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00749960 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lehnerd, L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - AIRPORT SYSTEM CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS - STATE AVIATION AGENCIES PY - 1998/05 IS - 485 SP - p. 22-25 AB - This report presents the perspective of state aviation agencies on airport development needs. The presentation covers the following topics: background on state aviation agencies nationwide, airport system components, statewide aviation system planning, diversity of these plans by state, airport capital improvement plans, States' airport development needs, comments on other needs assessments presentations, and recommendations and conclusions. U1 - Airport System Capital Requirements (Workshop)Federal Aviation Administration; and Committee on Intergovernmental Relations in Aviation, Transportation Research Board.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970415 EndDate:19970415 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration; and Committee on Intergovernmental Relations in Aviation, Transportation Research Board. KW - Airport development KW - Airport operations KW - Airport planning KW - Airports KW - Aviation KW - Capital KW - Development KW - Finance KW - Needs assessment KW - Perspective views KW - State airport system plans KW - State government agencies KW - States KW - Transportation departments KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/486678 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00749952 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - AIRPORT SYSTEM CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS PY - 1998/05 IS - 485 SP - 54 p. AB - The workshop on Airport System Capital Requirements was conducted by the Transportation Research Board's Committee on Intergovernmental Relations in Aviation on April 15, 1997, at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, D.C., under the sponsorship of the Federal Aviation Administration. The workshop had the broad task of presenting, comparing and discussing estimates of airport system capital needs, and initiating a discussion of how current sources are allocated to meet needs--and whether these sources are adequate to meet both current and forecast demands. Federal budget concerns and airport aid reauthorization activities made this a timely topic. This Circular contains the workshop proceedings which are organized as follows: Opening Remarks, S. Kurland; Summary of Airport Development Needs, P. Aussendorf and C. Chambers; Views of Aviation Organizations (individual reports); Funding Sources and Financing Mechanisms (panel member comments); Individual Comments; Summary and Closure; Final Remarks, S. Kurland; and Appendix A: Participants. U1 - Airport System Capital Requirements (Workshop)Federal Aviation Administration; and Committee on Intergovernmental Relations in Aviation, Transportation Research Board.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970415 EndDate:19970415 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration; and Committee on Intergovernmental Relations in Aviation, Transportation Research Board. KW - Airport operations KW - Capital KW - Federal aid KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Fund allocations KW - Government funding KW - Reauthorization KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/486670 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00749959 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Olcott, J W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - AIRPORT SYSTEM CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS - BUSINESS AVIATION PERSPECTIVES PY - 1998/05 IS - 485 SP - p. 21-22 AB - This report presents the business aviation perspective on airport development needs. Business aviation believes that the most effective way of balancing the budget is to have a strong economy, and air transportation contributes significantly to the national economy. A conservative estimate of tax revenues from the economic activity stimulated by aviation is about $30 billion--10 to 15 times the amount of investment that the Federal Government puts into the air transportation system. The air transport system, especially airports, must be sustained and modernized. All components of the air transport system must move forward collectively to solve the problems of air transport growth and development and make sure that we do not end up with a second-rate air transport system as we move into the 21st century. U1 - Airport System Capital Requirements (Workshop)Federal Aviation Administration; and Committee on Intergovernmental Relations in Aviation, Transportation Research Board.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970415 EndDate:19970415 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration; and Committee on Intergovernmental Relations in Aviation, Transportation Research Board. KW - Airport development KW - Airport operations KW - Airport planning KW - Airports KW - Business aviation KW - Capital KW - Development KW - Economic factors KW - Economic impacts KW - Finance KW - Perspective views KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/486677 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00749955 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Plavin, D Z AU - Transportation Research Board TI - AIRPORT SYSTEM CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS - AIRPORT OPERATORS' VIEWS PY - 1998/05 IS - 485 SP - p. 13-15 AB - This report presents the airport operators' views on the issues of airport development needs and financing. The presentation comments on the Airport and Airways Trust Fund (not being used for the purposes for which it was intended); the Passenger Facility Charge (PFC) (the only way that an airport can charge passengers directly); airport privatization experiments; the Airport Improvement Program (AIP); the definition of needs; and facing reality - the Federal Government is not going to play a significant financing role and will have to allow the aviation system and airports to function as the commercial entities that they are and to move rapidly in that direction. U1 - Airport System Capital Requirements (Workshop)Federal Aviation Administration; and Committee on Intergovernmental Relations in Aviation, Transportation Research Board.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970415 EndDate:19970415 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration; and Committee on Intergovernmental Relations in Aviation, Transportation Research Board. KW - Airport and Airway Trust Fund KW - Airport and airways trust fund KW - Airport development KW - Airport improvement program KW - Airport operations KW - Airport operators KW - Airport planning KW - Airports KW - Capital KW - Commercialization KW - Development KW - Finance KW - Needs assessment KW - New products KW - Passenger facility charges KW - Perspective views KW - Privatization KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/486673 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00749956 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - BROWNE, T AU - Transportation Research Board TI - AIRPORT SYSTEM CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS - THE AIRLINES' PERSPECTIVE PY - 1998/05 IS - 485 SP - p. 15-18 AB - This report presents the airlines' views on the issues of airport system needs and capital requirements. This presentation is a summary of the Air Transport Association's (ATA's) 1996 estimates of needs at primary commercial service airports and an expanded assessment of primary commercial service airports and 2,100 additional airports (non-primary commercial service, relievers, and general aviation) conducted in 1997. U1 - Airport System Capital Requirements (Workshop)Federal Aviation Administration; and Committee on Intergovernmental Relations in Aviation, Transportation Research Board.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970415 EndDate:19970415 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration; and Committee on Intergovernmental Relations in Aviation, Transportation Research Board. KW - Airlines KW - Airport development KW - Airport operations KW - Airport planning KW - Airports KW - Capital KW - Development KW - Estimates KW - Finance KW - Needs assessment KW - Perspective views KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/486674 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01103701 AU - Ahlrich, Randy C AU - U.S. Army Waterways Experiment Station AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Marginal Aggregates in Flexible Pavements: Field Evaluation PY - 1998/04//Final Report SP - 50p AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utilization of substandard or marginal aggregates in flexible pavement construction of airport pavements. This investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effects of using lower quality aggregates such as rounded uncrushed gravels and sands on the rutting of flexible pavements. The scope of this research study included a review of available literature and existing data (Phase I), a laboratory evaluation organized to determine the effects of marginal aggregates and potential techniques to upgrade these substandards materials (Phase II), and a field evaluation involving test sections utilizing the most promising techniques (Phase III). This report summarizes the field evaluation (Phase III) that was conducted to determine the effects of aggregate properties on rutting potential of marginal aggregate asphalt mixtures under actual aircraft loads. KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Air transportation facilities KW - Airport runways KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Compaction KW - Creep KW - Flexible pavements KW - Pavement distress KW - Rutting UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20700/20760/PB98146194.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/863436 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00931278 AU - Williams, K W AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - GPS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS: DISPLAYING NEAREST AIRPORT INFORMATION PY - 1998/04 SP - 18 p. AB - Thirty-six participants were tested in a flight simulator on their ability to orient toward the nearest airport, based on the manner in which information was presented on a global positioning system (GPS) display. Results indicated that use of the tabular, text-only format normally found on such displays was significantly slower and less accurate than either a map display of nearest airport information or a text display that included an orientation symbol. In addition, it was found that pilots tended to ignore information available from the heading indicator, and instead, focused solely on the GPS display to perform the task. Discussion of the results includes the need to support pilot decision-making through interface design and the development of design guidelines for GPS displays. KW - Air pilots KW - Airborne navigational aids KW - Airports KW - Decision making KW - Design KW - Flight simulators KW - Global Positioning System KW - Guidelines KW - Indicating instruments KW - Information display systems KW - Maps KW - User interfaces (Computer science) KW - Wayfinding UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/9812.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724043 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00789533 AU - Bud, M AU - STEARNS, M AU - Mengert, P AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - TERRAIN DISPLAY ALTERNATIVES: ASSESSMENT OF INFORMATION DENSITY AND ALERTING STRATEGIES PY - 1998/04 SP - 54 p. AB - Current technology makes it possible to display investigation and terrain information on electronic screens in the cockpit. The conventions used for position and terrain information must be clearly presented so pilots can maintain their positional awareness and avoid collisions with terrain. There are few very recommendations or guidelines available for the design and evaluation of electronic displays. The Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center), in support of the Federal Aviation Administrations (FAAs) Office of the Chief Scientific and Technical Advisor for Human Factors, AAR-100, conducted a series of experiments to explore human factors issues in depicting terrain on electronic displays. Experiments examined instrument-rated General Aviation (GA pilots ability to interpret terrain shown on electronic plan view displays in a flight simulator. The four experiments examined the following electronic display alternatives: the utility of presenting nonthreatening terrain during approaches; effectiveness of showing only terrain features for terrain avoidance; preferences for information density; and the utility of terrain displays paired with visual terrain alerts. Results suggest display designs should incorporate alerts that identify danger and reorient pilots. Electronic displays with terrain that incorporate these recommendation should diminish the number of accidents resulting from a loss of positional awareness, such as controlled-flight-into-terrain (CFIT) accidents. KW - Air pilots KW - Air transportation KW - Airplanes KW - Cockpits KW - Electronic equipment KW - Flight simulators KW - Human factors KW - Information display systems KW - Navigation KW - Positioning KW - Terrain KW - Visual display units (Computers) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/647866 ER - TY - SER AN - 00885623 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration TI - MEDICAL STUFF.. PY - 1998/04 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air pilots KW - Drug use KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Motion sickness KW - Physical condition UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/578523 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00961609 AU - Fleming, G G AU - Roof, C J AU - Read, D R AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - DRAFT GUIDELINES FOR THE MEASUREMENT AND ASSESSMENT OF LOW-LEVEL AMBIENT NOISE PY - 1998/03/08 SP - 100 p. AB - This document describes an ambient noise measurements protocol, a detailed methodology for characterizing ambient noise of low level environments such as the National Parks. It presents definitions of terminology useful for understanding the measurement and assessment guidelines. Also included is a general overvier, a historical perspective, and a statement of purpose and objective. Specific details of characterizing a study area's ambient noise are outlined, including measurement site selection, instrumentation, and general field measuremant procedures. Particular attention is given to the data reduction and analysis methodology, including guidance on assigning actual measured ambient noise to all specific locations within a study area. Proposed field testing of the methodology and subsequent refinement are also discussed. Additionally, specifics on a low level noise measurement system developed by the Volpe Center Acoustics Facility are included. KW - Ambient noise KW - Assessments KW - Environmental protection KW - Field tests KW - Guidelines KW - Measurement KW - Methodology KW - Noise control KW - Noise sources KW - Pollution KW - Test procedures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660373 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00931276 AU - Sanders, D C AU - Chaturvedi, A K AU - Hordinsky, J R AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AEROMEDICAL ASPECTS OF MELATONIN: AN OVERVIEW PY - 1998/03 SP - 18 p. AB - This article provides an overview of the aeromedical aspects of melatonin use and presence. Melatonin, a pineal hormone present in blood, has the possibility of a regulatory function in day/night-dependent physiological processes, such as sleep. Scientists are exploring the effects of administered melatonin on the modulation of circadian rhythms. Its principal aeromedical application has been in the experimental treatment of jet lag effects. For aircraft passengers, melatonin administration at destination-bedtime appears to improve sleep quality and to decrease the time required to reestablish normal circadian rhythms. For aircrews, who travel through multiple time zones without time to adapt to new environments, taking melatonin prior to arriving home may further impair already disturbed circadian rhythms. Its use to adjust to shiftwork changes by air traffic controllers, aircraft maintenance workers, and support personnel may actually impair job performance if taken at the wrong time. The variations in the concentration of melatonin can be effectively determined by radioimmunoassay, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analytical techniques. These techniques are capable of measuring the human daytime and nighttime melatonin in plasma/serum. Melatonin measurements in victims of accidental deaths may allow accident investigators to utilize the relationship between its concentration and the time of day when death occurred. The possible interfering effects of postmortem biochemical processes on melatonin concentrations in whole blood and in other tissues are not well understood, and there is a need for the continuing research into melatonin's chronobiological properties to define its proper applications and limitations. KW - Aircraft crash victims KW - Aviation medicine KW - Biochemistry KW - Circadian rhythms KW - Crash investigation KW - Forensic medicine KW - Gas chromatography KW - Hormones KW - Jet lag KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Mass spectroscopes KW - Melatonin KW - Passengers KW - Periods of the day KW - Shifts KW - Sleep KW - Toxicology UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/9810.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724041 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00931277 AU - Gowdy, R V AU - DeWeese, R AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF IMPROVED RESTRAINT SYSTEMS FOR PARACHUTISTS PY - 1998/03 SP - 23 p. AB - This study reports on a series of dynamic impact sled tests that were performed to evaluate new types of restraint systems for sport parachutists. The traditional means of restraining sport parachutists sitting aft-facing on the floor has been to provide lap belts that are attached to the floor or sidewall of the airplane. The restraint systems evaluated in this project were designed to route through the parachute harness and attach to the floor. Thus, occupant restraint was provided by anchoring the parachute harness to the floor by means of the new restraint devices. Seven methods of attaching the restraints to the parachute harness, which included both single and dual point restraint systems, were dynamically tested. Five models of parachute pack/harnesses were included in this project. A VIP 50th percentile anthropomorphic test dummy was modified to simulate a floor-seated aft-facing parachutist. The impact test severity ranged from 5.5 gs @ 27.8 ft/sec to 9.5 gs @ 32.7 ft/sec. Based on the results and observations acquired from this series of 12, three of the new restraint methods demonstrated better restraint performance than could be expected from that provided by the traditional lap belt method. KW - Airplanes KW - Aviation safety KW - Dummies KW - Floors KW - Impact sleds KW - Impact tests KW - Manual safety belts KW - Parachutes KW - Restraint systems KW - Shoulder harnesses UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/9811.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724042 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00931274 AU - Thompson, R C AU - Agen, R A AU - Broach, D M AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - DIFFERENTIAL TRAINING NEEDS AND ABILITIES AT AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWERS: SHOULD ALL CONTROLLERS BE TRAINED EQUALLY? PY - 1998/03 SP - 17 p. AB - This study uses job elements identified by subject-matter experts to assess the perceived training needs of air traffic control specialists (ATCSs) who are assigned to towers after successful completion of Federal Aviation Administration Academy training. The Director of Air Traffic Services tasked The Air Traffic Resource Management Program (ATX) with conducting a training needs assessment. To measure the needed skills and knowledge of new controllers, a survey was developed by ATX and distributed by the Civil Aerospace Medical Institute to 172 tower level III, IV, and V facility managers and nine regional Air Traffic Division managers. The survey was used to assess the performance-based skills standards needed by new controllers at the time of entry into a field facility. The training capability of individual towers was also examined. The results indicated that there are some differences in the required training of ATCSs assigned to level IV and V towers. Therefore, the tower assignment of new hires should be identified upon entry into the Academy to better focus on the specific training needs of prospective towers. KW - Abilities KW - Air traffic control facilities KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Air Traffic Resource Management Program KW - Airport control towers KW - Knowledge KW - Surveys KW - Training UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/9808.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724039 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00931275 AU - Wreggit, S S AU - Marsh, D K AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - COCKPIT INTEGRATON OF GPS: INITIAL ASSESSMENT-MENU FORMATS AND PROCEDURES PY - 1998/03 SP - 23 p. AB - A popular portable Global Positioning System (GPS) unit (Megellan EC-10X), representative of this class of devices, was examined for its usability by general aviation pilots. Nine private pilots participated in the experimentation, which was accomplished in three phases: familiarization and training, usability testing, and post-experiment debriefing. During familiarization and training, participants were asked to study flow diagrams representing GPS interface logic, observed a demonstration of the unit's features and procedures, and then were allowed to practice with the unit until they could demonstrate proficiency. During the usability testing phase, participants performed 37 GPS-related tasks requiring waypoint setting, GPS navigation, and general GPS-data entry and retrieval. Findings from videotape, questionnaire, and debriefing data indicated that a number of menu structures interfered with the pilots' successful entry of data, editing of stored data, and activation of functions. For example, one source of confusion resulting in excess button presses was the need to deactivate the flight plan before any editing could be done. Recommendations are made for defining the form of the interface structure in this class of devices, including: a given function should be consistently assigned to one button, feedback should be consistent and meaningful, and an "undo" or "back" function would be a very useful way to decrease the number of button presses required by this interface. KW - Airborne navigational aids KW - Data entry KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Flight plans KW - Flow charts KW - General aviation pilots KW - Global Positioning System KW - Indicating instruments KW - Information display systems KW - Information retrieval KW - Testing KW - Training KW - User interfaces (Computer science) KW - Wayfinding UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/9809.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724040 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00751191 AU - Patterson, J W AU - Galaxy Scientific Corporation AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - IMPACT OF NEW LARGE AIRCRAFT ON AIRPORT DESIGN PY - 1998/03 SP - 85 p. AB - The object of this project is to assess the impact of the introduction of proposed new large aircraft (NLA) on current airport design standards and administered by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). This report identifies several key design and operational characteristics of proposed NLA that will need to be taken into consideration before the aircraft are introduced into the current airport environment. Specific elements of airport planing and design that may be affected by these changes in aircraft characteristics have been identified to assist airport planners and the FAA in preparing for the NLA's arrival. In addition, a 20-year projection of NLA development and a qualitative cost and compatibility assessment of introducing NLA's at a sample airport that currently serves the Boeing 747 are included in this final report. Throughout this report, references are made to current airport design Advisory Circulars that will require modifications to reflect the introduction of NLA. KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft by size KW - Aircraft design KW - Aircraft size KW - Airport design KW - Airport planning KW - Airports KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Design standards KW - Modifications KW - Structural design KW - Vehicle design UR - http://www.tc.faa.gov/its/worldpac/techrpt/ar97-26.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/484632 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00931273 AU - Driskill, W E AU - Weissmuller, J J AU - Quebe, J AU - Hand, D K AU - Hunter, D R AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Metrica, Incorporated TI - EVALUATING THE DECISION-MAKING SKILLS OF GENERAL AVIATION PILOTS PY - 1998/02 SP - 43 p. AB - An instrument consisting of 51 items was developed to assess pilot decision-making skill. Each item consisted of a stem, a short description of an aviation scenario requiring a decision on the part of the pilot. Four alternatives were provided, and subjects were instructed to rank order the alternatives from best to worst solution to the scenario presented. Rank-ordered judgments of a sample of 246 general aviation (GA) pilots (with an average of about 500 hours of total flying experience) were compared with the recommended solutions provided by an expert panel. Results indicated that, overall, GA pilots and an expert panel of pilots agreed in their judgments of the appropriate course of action in situations critical to flight safety. However, the degree of agreement of individual general aviation pilots with the recommended solutions varied widely. An index of agreement (Safety Deviation Index) was calculated that expressed the degree of agreement of individual GA pilots with the recommended solutions. Initial evaluation of this index indicates that it demonstrates adequate psychometric properties and that, as other research would suggest, it has little relationship with common demographic or flight experience measures. KW - Aviation safety KW - Decision making KW - Deviation (Statistics) KW - Evaluation KW - Forecasting KW - General aviation pilots KW - Human subject testing KW - Psychological aspects KW - Psychometrics UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/9807.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724038 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00931269 AU - McLean, G A AU - Palmerton, D A AU - Chittum, C B AU - George, M H AU - Funkhouser, G E AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - INFLATABLE ESCAPE SLIDE BEAM AND GIRT STRENGTH TESTS: SUPPORT FOR REVISION OF TECHNICAL STANDARD ORDER C-69B PY - 1998/02 SP - 17 p. AB - The ability of inflatable escape slides to provide a safe egress route for evacuees in transport aircraft emergencies depends, to a great degree, on the structural integrity of such slides. Recent demonstration evacuations have demonstrated potential problems with the structural integrity of inflatable escape slides; specifically, the strength of the major structural elements of escape slides, i.e., the inflatable beams, has been questioned. With severe loading of the escape slides, the inflatable beams are known to bend, sometimes allowing the sliding surfaces between the beams to form cups that can impede the egress of evacuees by making it hard to climb out of the slide and onto firm footing. This study develops practical dynamic tests of inflatable beam strength that can be implemented during the developmental manufacturing process for escape slides to identify and correct inadequate inflatable beam strength. A practical test was developed that uses sandbags to simulate human evacuees who are bunched together, toboggan style, during movement down the slide. The test provides data essentially equivalent to that obtained with human test subjects and also provides substantial benefits to human test subject safety. Additional tests of the structural integrity of the escape slide girt (attachment-to-the-aircraft) were also developed to standardize the test procedures for girt strength. The new tests use both symmetrical and asymmetrical loading of the girt in a tensile test machine. These tests provide an enhanced ability over previous tests in assessing girt strength, especially as related to ease of execution and replicability of results. KW - Beams KW - Bending KW - Dynamic tests KW - Emergency exits KW - Escape slides KW - Evacuation KW - Girt strength KW - Inflatable structures KW - Load tests KW - Product development KW - Standards KW - Strength of materials KW - Tension tests KW - Test procedures KW - Transport aircraft UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/9803.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724034 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00931271 AU - Canfield, D V AU - Smith, M D AU - Adams, H J AU - Houston, E R AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - SELECTION OF AN INTERNAL STANDARD FOR POSTMORTEM ETHANOL ANALYSIS PY - 1998/02 SP - 10 p. AB - Determining the concentrations of alcohol in postmortem specimens related to aviation accidents requires the ability to identify and quantitate a wide range of alcohols that are produced in postmortem specimens. A headspace gas chromatographic procedure utilizing n-propanol as an internal standard had been used in the past. However, n-propanol has been found in postmortem specimens, making n-propanol an unsuitable specimen for an internal standard in the analysis of postmortem specimens. This study evaluated 3 potential replacement internal standards for postmortem ethanol analysis. A mixture of alcohols commonly found in postmortem specimens was prepared and tested using headspace gas chromatography. Solutions were prepared using the test mix and the new internal standards. Data were collected on the resolution and reproducibility of the proposed new internal standards with the test mix. Postmortem cases collected over the past 8 years were reviewed for the presence of specific volatile compounds. Baseline resolution from the test mix was not obtained with propionaldehyde, while propionic acid methyl ester exhibited degradation over time. T-butanol was found to give baseline resolution from all volatile compounds commonly found in antimortem and postmortem specimens. No t-butanol was found in 2880 fatal pilots analyzed over the past 8 years for the presence of volatiles. T-butanol is a better internal standard for the analysis of alcohols in postmortem specimens than propionaldehyde, n-propanol, and propionic acid methyl ester, and is not produced in postmortem specimens. KW - Aircraft crash victims KW - Alcohol chemical tests KW - Aviation medicine KW - Ethanol KW - Forensic medicine KW - Gas chromatography KW - Specimens KW - Standards KW - T-butanol KW - Test procedures UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/9805.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724036 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00931270 AU - Wolf, M B AU - Garner, R P AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - University of South Carolina, Columbia TI - EFFECT OF AN AIRPLANE CABIN WATER SPRAY SYSTEM ON HUMAN THERMAL BEHAVIOR: A THEORETICAL STUDY USING A 25-NODE MODEL OF THERMOREGULATION PY - 1998/02 SP - 22 p. AB - This study assesses the effect of an aircraft cabin water spray system on thermoregulatory responses of passengers after being wetted by the spray system. A mathematical model was developed that could adequately describe experimentally determined transient changes in metabolic rate (MR), and core and skin temperatures of human beings exposed to water-immersion conditions (0 to 28C). The model was the basic 25-node description of Stolwijk and Hardy, modified to apply to a male with medium fat content. The MR increase induced by shivering was described by 3 components sensitive to: 1) time-rate of change of skin temperature; 2) the product of changes in skin and head-core temperatures; and 3) the product of skin temperature change and the time-rate of change of head-core temperature. The model was also able to closely predict the changes in MR and skin temperatures induced by exposure to cold air. However, the predictions of rectal temperature changes were in the opposite direction to the experimental data for this case. The model was modified to describe the effects of spraying individuals with water on their heads, arms and torsos to simulate the action of a cabin water spray system activated by a fire in an airplane. The model predicted that an individual, after being sprayed and exiting into a cold and windy environment, would encounter only a minor increase in thermal stress compared to the dry state. We conclude that mathematical simulation is an effective method of predicting thermal behavior of humans under a variety of cold conditions. KW - Aircraft KW - Cold weather KW - Mathematical models KW - Metabolism KW - Passengers KW - Skin KW - Temperature KW - Theoretical studies KW - Thermal stresses KW - Thermoregulation KW - Water KW - Water spray systems UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/9804.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724035 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00931272 AU - Jensen, R S AU - Guilkey, J E AU - Hunter, D R AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Ohio State University, Columbus TI - AN EVALUATION OF PILOT ACCEPTANCE OF THE PERSONAL MINIMUMS TRAINING PROGRAM FOR RISK MANAGEMENT PY - 1998/02 SP - 22 p. AB - A new general aviation training program entitled, "Personal Minimums for Aviator Risk Management in Pre-Take-off Decisions" was field tested in five U.S. geographic locations to determine its acceptability to pilot audiences and to obtain feedback for further development of the intervention. In each case, following the presentation, participants were asked to evaluate the course and its acceptability to the general aviation community. Analysis of these evaluations revealed that respondents viewed the training program as helpful and intended to use personal minimums as part of their pre-flight decision making in the future. Respondent comments and feedback from local Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) personnel at each of the field sites resulted in progressive modifications to the training format and presentation to improve its acceptance and utility throughout the course of the field test. It is recommended that development proceed with video and computer-based versions of this training program and that studies of the training impact be conducted, possibly in concert with the dissemination of the program throughout the FAA safety seminar program. KW - Aviation safety KW - Computer aided instruction KW - Decision making KW - Evaluation KW - Field tests KW - General aviation pilots KW - Personal minimums KW - Risk management KW - Safety programs KW - Takeoff KW - Training programs KW - Videotapes UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/9806.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724037 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00931268 AU - McLean, G A AU - Chittum, C B AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATIONS OF ZINC SULFIDE AND STRONTIUM ALUMINATE PHOTOLUMINESCENT FLOOR PROXIMITY ESCAPE PATH MARKING SYSTEMS PY - 1998/02 SP - 11 p. AB - Transport category aircraft are required to have emergency lighting systems, including floor proximity marking systems. Typical floor proximity marking systems installed on transport category aircraft have been primarily comprised of incandescent luminaries spaced at intervals on the floor, or mounted on the seat assemblies, along the aisle. The requirement for electricity to power these systems has made them vulnerable to a variety of problems, including battery and wiring failures, burned-out light bulbs, and physical disruption caused by vibration, passenger traffic, galley cart strikes, and hull breakage in accidents. Attempts to overcome these problems have led to the proposal that non-electric photoluminescent materials be used in the construction of floor proximity marking systems. To assess the viability of this proposal, performance demonstrations of systems made with such materials were conducted. It was found that strontium aluminate photoluminescent marking systems can be effective in providing the guidance for egress that floor proximity marking systems are intended to achieve; in contrast, zinc sulfide materials were found to be ineffective. KW - Aircraft cabins KW - Demonstration projects KW - Emergency exits KW - Floors KW - Incandescent lamps KW - Lighting KW - Marking materials KW - Photoluminescent materials KW - Strontium aluminate KW - Transport aircraft KW - Zinc rich paint UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/9802.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724033 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00748286 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Larson, T D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SIMULTANEOUS VEHICLE/INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN: AN OVERVIEW. SVID APPLICATIONS AND BENEFITS TO THE TOTAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PY - 1998/02 IS - 482 SP - 5 p. AB - Simultaneous Vehicle and Infrastructure Design (SVID) is described as a more rational systems-oriented approach to meeting our transportation needs. Definitions for SVID from a paper written by David Albright (presented at a Transportation Seminar, Los Alamos National Laboratory, September 19, 1995) are reviewed. Using three criteria for SVID project selection set out by Albright, 1) common design interest, 2) potential for mutual economic (and/or other) benefit, and 3) value added for individuals, possible areas for applications are given which frame and clarify the SVID concept and illustrate the many relevant factors that must be integral to any meaningful consideration. U1 - Tenth International Workshop on Future Aviation ActivitiesTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970915 EndDate:19970917 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration. KW - Applications KW - Benefits KW - Definitions KW - Vehicle design KW - Workshops UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec001/svid.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/477846 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00748293 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Pierz, M AU - Miller, C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SVID ISSUES FOR IMPLEMENTATION: A VEHICLE PERSPECTIVE PY - 1998/02 IS - 482 SP - 7 p. AB - To be successful in Simultaneous Vehicle and Infrastructure Design (SVID) we must begin with a few specific and well designed projects that are small enough in size and complexity to quickly demonstrate to ourselves and others how the process will work in practice. For example, appropriate technology candidates might easily be found by focusing on the physical interface between the automobile and the highway. Such technologies, both active and passive, might address noise reduction, vibration reduction, and shorter auto stopping distances in all-weather conditions. As we begin to choose initial SVID demonstration technologies, we first need a process that will assure that the right vehicle and infrastructure problems are attacked first. This paper presents ten figures that describe a multi-step methodology for gathering information that ultimately should lead to choosing SVID projects that meet the three selection criteria of (1) being important to both automotive and infrastructure designers, (2) having a high potential for mutual economic benefit, and (3) being challenging professionally as well as highly beneficial to society. U1 - Tenth International Workshop on Future Aviation ActivitiesTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970915 EndDate:19970917 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration. KW - Criteria KW - Demonstration projects KW - Implementation KW - Methodology KW - Selection KW - Vehicle design KW - Workshops UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec001/svid.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/477853 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00748289 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Gillespie, T D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - COMMERCIAL VEHICLE PERSPECTIVE ON SIMULTANEOUS VEHICLE INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN PY - 1998/02 IS - 482 SP - 6 p. AB - The spirit of Simultaneous Vehicle Infrastructure Design (SVID) calls for communication between the highway community and the community of designers and users of trucks. This paper reviews the current state of cooperative efforts, concluding that the absence of trucking involvement in cooperative endeavors is understandable when we remember that everyone from the truck manufacturers to the operators are in direct competition with each other. Occasionally they come together to solve problems of common concern, with industry groups, such as the Society of Automotive Engineers and the Truck Manufacturers Association, bridging the gap to assist with competition-related issues. The paper then examines the following areas for cooperation among the highway and trucking communities: pavement and bridge life; intersection geometry; vision and sight distance; and noise control. The paper concludes that the vision of building collaborative arrangements under SVID must find solutions to the impediments of a highly competitive trucking community, a diverse trucking community that addresses a broad range of transport missions, and a lack of incentives that are meaningful to the trucking community. For SVID to succeed it will be necessary to carefully analyze and consider the motivations of trucking interests and to seek ways to offer advantages that will improve competitiveness. U1 - Tenth International Workshop on Future Aviation ActivitiesTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970915 EndDate:19970917 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration. KW - Commercial vehicles KW - Competition KW - Cooperation KW - Driver vision KW - Drivers KW - Highway design KW - Incentives KW - Industries KW - Intersections KW - Noise control KW - Pavement life KW - Pavements KW - Perspective views KW - Service life KW - Sight distance KW - Trucking KW - Vehicle design KW - Vision KW - Workshops UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec001/svid.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/477849 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00748290 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Allen, R W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - A HUMAN FACTORS PERSPECTIVE OF SIMULTANEOUS VEHICLE AND INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN (SVID) PY - 1998/02 IS - 482 SP - 7 p. AB - This paper presents a human factors perspective of the Simultaneous Vehicle and Infrastructure Design (SVID) process. SVID embraces the system design approach that has evolved in the military and aerospace fields over the last half century. Human factors considerations involve interfaces with system elements and interactions with system operation. This paper summarizes those considerations and how they can be taken into account in the analysis, design and development process. The SVID process is critical in dealing with the design of increasingly complicated vehicle/infrastructure systems. These systems include traditional concerns associated with the driver/vehicle/highway interface as well as the advent of innovative Intelligent Transportation Systems. U1 - Tenth International Workshop on Future Aviation ActivitiesTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970915 EndDate:19970917 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration. KW - Driver/vehicle interaction KW - Human factors KW - Human machine systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Interactions KW - Interfaces KW - Operations KW - Perspective views KW - System design KW - Vehicle design KW - Workshops UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec001/svid.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/477850 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00748285 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Roehrig, S C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SYSTEMS ENGINEERING FOR TRANSPORTATION (SET): DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE BASED TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM DECISION SUPPORT TOOLS PY - 1998/02 IS - 482 SP - 10 p. AB - This paper discusses the problem of fragmentation that exists within as well as among transportation modes and the need for a Systems Engineering for Transportation (SET) approach. A SET Test Capability is proposed and its objectives outlined. A Proof of Principle is recommended to demonstrate that the concept can be implemented. The four suggested elements of success for the SET Test Capability Proof of Principle are: 1) base research in need; 2) address need from underlying science; 3) define both technical and program success; and 4) build an effective research partnership. Each of these elements is described. In conclusion, it is stated that the Proof of Principle demonstration should be coordinated by the Research and Special Programs Administration (RSPA). U1 - Tenth International Workshop on Future Aviation ActivitiesTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970915 EndDate:19970917 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration. KW - Decision support systems KW - Partnerships KW - Research KW - Systems engineering KW - U.S. Research and Special Programs Administration KW - Vehicle design KW - Workshops UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec001/svid.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/477845 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00748287 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Harwood, D W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SIMULTANEOUS VEHICLE/INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN: HIGHWAY INFRASTRUCTURE PERSPECTIVE PY - 1998/02 IS - 482 SP - 6 p. AB - This paper presents an overview of the needs for Simultaneous Vehicle/Infrastructure Design (SVID) from the highway infrastructure perspective. The paper first discusses the goals of highway infrastructure design, the potential benefits of SVID, and the scope of SVID from a highway design perspective. The paper then identifies the vehicle characteristics of interest to highway designers and how highway engineers typically obtain the vehicle data they need. Highway infrastructure issues related to vehicle design are then discussed with an eye to identifying, where possible, current applications of SVID or potential future roles for SVID. Finally, the paper identifies some potential topics for further discussion. U1 - Tenth International Workshop on Future Aviation ActivitiesTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970915 EndDate:19970917 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration. KW - Applications KW - Benefits KW - Highway design KW - Perspective views KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle design KW - Workshops UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec001/svid.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/477847 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00748292 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Albright, D P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SIMULTANEOUS VEHICLE/INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN: A TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS ISSUE, A NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGE PY - 1998/02 IS - 482 SP - 12 p. AB - Transportation system performance can be improved through bringing together the design of vehicles and infrastructure, a process called Simultaneous Vehicle/Infrastructure Design (SVID). This paper begins with definitions followed by a description of the current design processes. SVID is suggested as a desirable change in the design process. Precedents are identified which suggest the timing is appropriate to accept the challenges associated with SVID. Specific steps to implement SVID are described, and the paper concludes with short-term and longer-term benefits of this approach. U1 - Tenth International Workshop on Future Aviation ActivitiesTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970915 EndDate:19970917 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration. KW - Benefits KW - Definitions KW - Design methods KW - Implementation KW - Infrastructure KW - Vehicle design KW - Workshops UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec001/svid.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/477852 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00748288 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Farber, G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THOUGHTS ON SVID FROM AN AUTO INDUSTRY STANDPOINT PY - 1998/02 IS - 482 SP - 6 p. AB - This paper consists of the presentation of a series of figures containing facts of interest from an auto industry viewpoint to the topic of Simultaneous Vehicle and Infrastructure Design (SVID). The paper ends with this list of conclusions: Cars are safer and more competent and economical than they were 25 years ago; Not much has happened to cars over the last 25 years to have a significant influence on highway design; Not much is likely to happen to the basic passenger vehicle over the next 10-15 years to have a significant effect on highway design, except Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) features that involve vehicle-infrastructure interactions - if and when. U1 - Tenth International Workshop on Future Aviation ActivitiesTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970915 EndDate:19970917 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration. KW - Highway design KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Motor vehicle industry KW - Perspective views KW - Vehicle design KW - Workshops UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec001/svid.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/477848 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00748291 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hoel, L A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SVID: OBSERVATIONS, APPLICATIONS, AND ALTERNATIVES PY - 1998/02 IS - 482 SP - 6 p. AB - The task of this paper is to provide observations about the Simultaneous Vehicle and Infrastructure Design (SVID) concept, to consider applications where this methodology might be an improvement over current practice and to discuss possible institutional arrangements that would assure its implementation. The SVID process begins with the same premise as described for the highway design process, in that it seeks to observe the interrelationships between the vehicle and infrastructure performance and the behavior of the transportation user. Moreover, the SVID process goes beyond present practice which compartmentalizes responsibilities for vehicle and infrastructure design. It calls for the creation of a new design paradigm that incorporates both functions simultaneously. The concept of SVID is an appealing one and its timing is propitious, coming at an opportune moment coincident with developments in telecommunications, advances in the understanding of human responses to transportation stimulus, and advances in vehicle and infrastructure design techniques. A wide variety of problems are potential candidates that could benefit from the SVID process that involve the evaluation of alternative designs from the perspective of safety, community impact and the environment. Not every transportation problem will require SVID, and some application areas will result in higher payoffs than others. The paper continues with an outline of general issues that must be considered, a list of issues for consideration regarding the Systems Engineering for Transportation (SET) Test Capability, and a look at the organizational options that could implement a SVID process. U1 - Tenth International Workshop on Future Aviation ActivitiesTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970915 EndDate:19970917 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration. KW - Administration KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Applications KW - Implementation KW - Systems engineering KW - Vehicle design KW - Workshops UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec001/svid.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/477851 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00748109 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Blomme, G W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DISCUSSION PANEL REPORT: AIRPORTS AND INFRASTRUCTURE PY - 1998/02 IS - 482 SP - p. 48-54 AB - The panel focused on the expected development of the aviation industry's supporting infrastructure, discussing and analyzing social, cultural, political and technological trends and economic statistics to develop alternative future scenarios for the industry forecasts. The panel sought to provide early identification of innovations over the next 10 years. Some of the issues considered were: Examining various global trends in commercialization and privatization of airports, air traffic control systems, and airlines and their impact on the U.S. scene, where these matters are handled differently; How regional jets, newer larger aircraft, and telecommunications technologies will affect airports and future demand forecasts; and What the 10-year impact of low-cost carriers will be on market demand. Capacity as well as environmental constraints at airports are widely understood throughout the industry, but by discussing the context of these issues within the broader framework of aviation system elements the panel was able to identify some pathmarks to the future. The panel reviewed the airport passenger demand forecasts and the aircraft activity at Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) facilities forecasts. The panel believed that the unconstrained growth projections by FAA are reasonable demand forecasts and are attainable if airports and related infrastructure, the supply-side of the equation, proves adequate to accommodate a near doubling of commercial passengers over the next 10 to 12 years. Demand is not uniform throughout the national system of airports, however. Significantly different growth rates occurring at various airports create the potential for capacity constraint choke points within the system. The panel examined both positive and negative supply side factors that FAA should consider, that may affect demand-side forecasts in the future. The panel focused on infrastructure-related factors which are seen as potential threats to the continued growth of air passenger demand, and those factors which represent opportunities to relax any potential constraints to growth. U1 - Tenth International Workshop on Future Aviation ActivitiesTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970915 EndDate:19970917 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration. KW - Airport capacity KW - Airports KW - Aviation KW - Carriers KW - Commercialization KW - Constraints KW - Costs KW - Forecasting KW - Infrastructure KW - Jet transports KW - Low cost carriers KW - Markets KW - New products KW - Passenger demand KW - Privatization KW - Regional jets KW - Regional transportation KW - Supply KW - Supply economics KW - Technological innovations KW - Telecommunications KW - Travel demand KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Urban growth KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/477765 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00748110 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Jones, B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DISCUSSION PANEL REPORT: FLEETS AND MANUFACTURERS PY - 1998/02 IS - 482 SP - p. 54-61 AB - The discussions of the panel consisted of three parts. First, there was a joint panel meeting which is discussed in the first discussion panel report. Second, a review of the forecasts submitted by each participant prior to the formal conference was compared with a consensus set of figures derived from the data. Third, discussions were held about the forecasting issues identified as key issues and those that were difficult to assess. Additional consideration was given to the issues raised in the joint meeting to determine the points of view expressed by the airline panels. U1 - Tenth International Workshop on Future Aviation ActivitiesTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970915 EndDate:19970917 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration. KW - Aviation KW - Economic growth KW - Fleet management KW - Fleets KW - Forecasting KW - Industries KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/477766 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00748099 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FUTURE AVIATION ACTIVITIES TENTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP PY - 1998/02 IS - 482 SP - 106 p. AB - This workshop, the most recent in a biennial series that was initiated in 1979, was conducted to assist public and private-sector managers and decision makers in forecasting long-term trends and developments in commercial, business, and personal air transport. Topics discussed included the domestic and international macroeconomic outlook, the structure and operating patterns of major and regional U.S. air carriers, expected developments in international aviation, aircraft and engine manufacture, and trends in business aviation--including fractional ownership, civil helicopter transport services, and the improving future for personally owned and operated light aircraft. A new addition to this year's workshop was the inclusion of an air cargo panel to discuss this dynamic and expanding element of commercial aviation. More than 100 participants, drawn from government, industry, academic institutions, and private consulting firms both here and abroad, took part in this three-day meeting. Most came from the United States, but there was substantial representation from Europe, Asia, and foreign firms with offices in the United States. The program consisted of three major parts: an opening plenary session with presentations on the broad outlook and strategic issues, ten concurrent discussion panels on sectoral trends and problems, and a concluding plenary session in which the findings and forecasts of the discussion panels were presented. U1 - Tenth International Workshop on Future Aviation ActivitiesTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970915 EndDate:19970917 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration. KW - Air cargo KW - Air transportation KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft engines KW - Airlines KW - Aviation KW - Business aviation KW - Civil aviation KW - Engines KW - Helicopter transportation KW - International KW - International aviation KW - Macroeconomics KW - Operating strategies KW - Personal air transport KW - Private aircraft KW - Small aircraft KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/477755 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00748106 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Wolf, M D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DISCUSSION PANEL REPORT: LIGHT PERSONAL AND GENERAL AVIATION PY - 1998/02 IS - 482 SP - p. 40-42 AB - The panel discussed the state of the light and personal general aviation market and the factors that will influence the market. The industry has been in a steady and unrelenting decline for well over a decade, but the panel felt that it is now in the early stages of a recovery spurred by the General Aviation Revitalization Act of 1994 and a healthy economy. There are industry marketing and product initiatives that will provide the impetus for continued growth. The most critical downside risk is the economy, but regulatory intervention could impact the business if significant changes are made. U1 - Tenth International Workshop on Future Aviation ActivitiesTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970915 EndDate:19970917 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration. KW - Air transportation KW - Aviation KW - Economic growth KW - General Aviation Revitalization Act of 1994 KW - Markets KW - Personal air transport KW - Policy KW - Private aircraft KW - Small aircraft KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/477762 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00748100 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Maillett, L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FUTURE AVIATION ACTIVITIES TENTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP: WELCOMING REMARKS PY - 1998/02 IS - 482 SP - p. 5-6 AB - Workshop participants are welcomed and reminded that they lay the ground work for the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA's) forecasting activity which will take place at the 23rd FAA Forecast Conference in March 1998. This forecasting activity is an essential component of the FAA's planning process. The forecasts are used to determine staffing levels and capital expenditures that are needed to accommodate the growth in aviation. The forecasts are used for short-term budget preparation, for cost-benefit analysis, and for safety analysis. Questions that need to be addressed by the workshop's five panels--passenger demand, cargo, airports, aircraft fleets, and general aviation--are asked and participants are reminded that their answers will help to ensure that trends, new issues, and economic growth are identified and appropriately considered in aviation forecasts. U1 - Tenth International Workshop on Future Aviation ActivitiesTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970915 EndDate:19970917 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration. KW - Air cargo KW - Aircraft KW - Airports KW - Aviation KW - Economic growth KW - Forecasting KW - General aviation KW - Passenger demand KW - Travel demand KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/477756 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00748102 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Schwieterman, J P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DISCUSSION PANEL REPORT: DOMESTIC AVIATION PY - 1998/02 IS - 482 SP - p. 14-18 AB - The panel of experts, representing domestic air carriers, agencies, consultants, and academics, considered the assumptions behind the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) forecasts and emerging issues affecting air travel demand. They evaluated the evolving character of the industry since the previous panel gathering in 1995. On the whole, panel members were bullish about the short- and long-term outlook for domestic aviation. Major carriers, such as American, Continental, Delta, Northwest, and United, have made important strides in bringing stability to the marketplace. These carriers have refined their revenue-menagement systems, eliminated unprofitable hubs, and exercised restraint in adding new capacity to their markets. Interpreted broadly, these developments suggested that the industry would be able to expand without risking a repeat of the cataclysmic 1990-1993 period, when carriers were ravaged by cyclical price cutting and significant excess capacity. Nevertheless, the panel urged moderation in making long-range traffic projections. For reasons summarized in this report, panel members believed that both traffic growth rates and yield reductions embedded in FAA forecasts, while reasonable, were marginally too high. U1 - Tenth International Workshop on Future Aviation ActivitiesTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970915 EndDate:19970917 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration. KW - Air travel KW - Aviation KW - Economic growth KW - Forecasting KW - Long term KW - Short term KW - Time duration KW - Travel demand KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - United States KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/477758 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00748108 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Strauss-Wieder, A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DISCUSSION PANEL REPORT: AIR CARGO PY - 1998/02 IS - 482 SP - p. 44-48 AB - The air cargo panel was a new addition to the workshop, and the group's objectives, therefore, differed from the other workshop panels. Specifically, the discussions held by the panel were geared toward laying a foundation and developing a framework for further discussion of air cargo. The two key questions addressed were: What are the key trends and issues in the air cargo industry today? and Should the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) resume air cargo forecasting? The second question was specifically posed to the panel by FAA to help provide insights into the need for additional or modified data. The panel included representatives from airport operators and developers, carriers, manufacturers, and consultants to the industry. A wide range of trends and issues were discussed during the panel sessions, and the FAA question was fully addressed. However, the panel recognized that these discussions and this summary should be considered only a starting point for more in-depth deliberations. U1 - Tenth International Workshop on Future Aviation ActivitiesTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970915 EndDate:19970917 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration. KW - Air cargo KW - Aviation KW - Data needs KW - Forecasting KW - Information organization KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/477764 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00748111 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - McIntyre, J M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INFRASTRUCTURE, AIRPORTS AND THE FRACTIONAL OWNERSHIP SCHEME OF THINGS (APPENDIX B) PY - 1998/02 IS - 482 SP - p. 92-97 AB - Over the past thirty years, the idea of fractional ownership of business aircraft has passed from an obscure gleam in the eye of a few visionary entrepreneurs to a phenomenon now accounting for the largest new investment segment in the world's aviation industry. Executive Jet Aviation recently announced purchase orders for over $1 billion worth of state-of-the-art business aircraft over the next five years to support their Net Jets fractional ownership program worldwide. While this company and its few lately-arrived competitors accommodate an increasingly large share of the business aviation travel in the United States, the idea spreads like a ripple in a mill pond to Europe and Asia. As it spreads, a new body of experience is being formulated by the pilots, dispatchers, service specialists and schedulers who operate and track this new fleet of specialized air transport. To understand the "take" of this experience on airports and infrastructure as an element of Future Aviation Activities, this paper looks at the challenges facing the infrastructure over the next decade and then examines the interests of the fractional ownership community at the points of intersection with these challenges. U1 - Tenth International Workshop on Future Aviation ActivitiesTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970915 EndDate:19970917 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration. KW - Airports KW - Aviation KW - Business aircraft KW - Fractional ownership KW - Infrastructure KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/477767 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00748104 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Larsen, T D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DISCUSSION PANEL REPORT: REGIONAL AND COMMUTER AVIATION PY - 1998/02 IS - 482 SP - p. 30-37 AB - The panel included representatives from two major regional airlines, a major manufacturer of engines for regional aircraft, the Regional Airline Association, the Federal Aviation Administration, Industry Canada, and industry consultants. The regional airline industry has continued to grow at a faster rate than the larger jet carriers and the panel discussed the factors that will be required to sustain this high rate of growth. New technology regional jets (RJs) are being introduced into the fleets and the panel examined the impact on the characteristics of the regional airline industry. The primary questions before the panel were the definition of the industry, the outlook for growth, and the anticipated structure of the regional airline industry over the next decade. The panel structured their discussion into four areas: Industry definition; Impact of the regional jet; Market structure; and Outlook for growth. U1 - Tenth International Workshop on Future Aviation ActivitiesTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970915 EndDate:19970917 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration. KW - Aviation KW - Commuter airlines KW - Economic growth KW - Forecasting KW - Industries KW - Industry structure KW - Jet transports KW - Markets KW - Regional aviation KW - Regional jets KW - Regional transportation KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/477760 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00748101 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Diamond, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DISCUSSION PANEL REPORT: JOINT SESSION: PASSENGER DEMAND AND FLEETS/MANUFACTURERS PY - 1998/02 IS - 482 SP - p. 12-14 AB - The Domestic, Regional and International passenger demand panels joined the Fleets/Manufacturers panel on the first day of the workshop in order to discuss issues of common importance. The combined panels examined six topics related to air service demand and supply: Overall air transport demand and supply trends; Trends in key airline cost and productivity drivers; Opportunities for airline cost reduction and productivity improvement; Opportunities for improved revenue generation; Impact of regional jets; and Determinants of passenger demand forecasts. U1 - Tenth International Workshop on Future Aviation ActivitiesTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970915 EndDate:19970917 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration. KW - Air transportation KW - Aviation KW - Cost control KW - Cost reduction KW - Costs KW - Demand KW - Forecasting KW - Jet transports KW - Passenger demand KW - Productivity KW - Regional jets KW - Regional transportation KW - Revenue generation KW - Revenues KW - Supply KW - Supply and demand KW - Taxation KW - Travel demand KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/477757 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00748103 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Diamond, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DISCUSSION PANEL REPORT: INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES PY - 1998/02 IS - 482 SP - p. 19-29 AB - The International Airlines panel discussed six issues that are significantly affecting international passenger demand and air service planning in the late 1990s: International air transport policy (Open Skies); Developments in airline alliances; Other changes in airline competitive structure (startups and low cost carriers, privatization, mergers, acquisitions and consolidation); Network structure (hubs and gateways); Aircraft developments (small twins vs. larger aircraft, superjumbos, ultra-long range aircraft, regional jets); and Data needs. The panel focused primarily, but not exclusively, on air service between the United States and Europe, Latin America, and Asia. For each of these market areas, panel members also projected changes from 1997-2002 in passenger enplanements, yield, load factor, and aircraft size. U1 - Tenth International Workshop on Future Aviation ActivitiesTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970915 EndDate:19970917 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration. KW - Acquisition KW - Air transportation policy KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft by size KW - Aircraft size KW - Airline startups KW - Airlines KW - Airplanes KW - Aviation KW - Boarding KW - Carriers KW - Consolidations KW - Costs KW - Data needs KW - Enplanements KW - Forecasting KW - Gateways KW - Hubs KW - Information organization KW - International KW - International airports KW - Load factor KW - Low cost carriers KW - Mergers KW - Passenger demand KW - Privatization KW - Property acquisition KW - Strategic alliances KW - Travel demand KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Workshops KW - Yield UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/477759 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00748105 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - McDougall, G S AU - Johnson, S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DISCUSSION PANEL REPORT: BUSINESS AVIATION PY - 1998/02 IS - 482 SP - p. 38-40 AB - The panel found that there are a number of factors now at play in the business aviation sector and their effects suggest business aviation activity will continue to grow over the forecast period 1997-2002. These factors include: (1) the impact of new product introductions; (2) the trends in domestic and world economic growth; (3) the creation of new institutions which expand the business aircraft market and promote business aircraft use; and (4) the likelihood of only moderate increases in the cost of operating or using business aviation aircraft. These positive factors are complemented by emerging trends in the light general and personal aviation sector--trends that may increase the likelihood of continued growth of business aviation in the long term. In particular, the business aviation industry must recognize the efforts to increase piston aviation activity through the reintroduction of single-engine piston aircraft and programs being implemented to increase the private pilot population. The relationship between the general aviation segments may transmit very positive impact to the business aviation sector during the out-years of the forecast period and beyond, as piston activity recovers and the private pilot pool expands. The aging of the turbine fleet will put downward pressure on fleet utilization, but fleet growth will more than compensate for this, causing total hours flows to increase over the forecast period. U1 - Tenth International Workshop on Future Aviation ActivitiesTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970915 EndDate:19970917 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration. KW - Aging KW - Aircraft KW - Aviation KW - Business aviation KW - Business aviation pilots KW - Economic growth KW - Engines KW - Forecasting KW - Market development KW - Operating costs KW - Pistons (Engines) KW - Single engine aircraft KW - Small aircraft KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Turbine engine fleets KW - Urban growth KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/477761 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00748107 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - LAWRENCE, D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DISCUSSION PANEL REPORT: VERTICAL FLIGHT PY - 1998/02 IS - 482 SP - p. 42-44 AB - The session focused initially on scheduled presentations by selected panel members, each of whom stressed key issues that could either constrain or enhance gowth of the U.S. civil rotorcraft fleet during the forecast period. These issues included the following: (1) Inappropriate route assignments and inadequate ground facilities have limited helicopter development in the past. These limitations could become dramatic with the introduction of high-speed, long-range tilt-rotor aircraft in the out-years. (2) There is a need for all-weather accessibility to scheduled destinations. (3) Icing issues are perhaps the most restrictive of the all-weather parameters. (4) Noise concerns of communities in the 1980s are now more generalized as airspace concerns. (5) While mitigating technology was successfully demonstrated in the Atlanta Olympics Helistar project, explaining these problems and solutions to the public may be beyond the public relations capabilities of the smaller, less sophisticated commercial operators. (6) There is a continuing transfer of surplus military equipment to the civil marketplace. One thousand helicopters were surplussed between 1993 and mid-1997. Of the total reported potential of 3,000 helicopters, at least half are expected to be transferred overseas. Thus, the impact on the U.S. fleet should trail off to zero during the next few years--although it will account for virtually all of the net fleet growth in the early forecast years. (7) The apparent upturn in helicopter activity in the Gulf of Mexico continues. The panel then addressed several issues that were posited to influence the fleet forecast, including acquisition costs, technology, markets, and regulation. U1 - Tenth International Workshop on Future Aviation ActivitiesTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970915 EndDate:19970917 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration. KW - Acquisition KW - All weather aviation KW - Aviation KW - Costs KW - Ground facilities KW - Gulf of Mexico KW - Helicopter transportation KW - Icing KW - Instrument flying KW - Markets KW - Military aircraft KW - Noise KW - Property acquisition KW - Public relations KW - Regulations KW - Routes KW - Technological innovations KW - Tiltrotor aircraft KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/477763 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00748112 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Sieberlich, C J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FREIGHT INTERMODAL SYSTEM (APPENDIX C) PY - 1998/02 IS - 482 SP - p. 98 AB - This paper briefly discusses what is necessary for the development of an efficient and affordable freight intermodal system. Priorities in the near term include the development of Automatic Equipment Identification (AEI) systems and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). The transportation and information providers within the system are the modal operators (ship, rail, truck, air, and various terminal and port operators). The relationship among these various entities is complex and in many cases still in the formative stages of development. If the intermodal transportation system is to become an efficient reality, all industry, government and military organizations involved must become partners in the ongoing development of the freight system. During the past two to three years, dramatic improvements in communication and cooperation have occurred. Efforts to develop effective partnering relationships are under way. The future looks bright, but to meet system needs the National Economic Crossroads Transportation Efficiency Act (NEXTEA) is essential. U1 - Tenth International Workshop on Future Aviation ActivitiesTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19970915 EndDate:19970917 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration. KW - Air cargo KW - Automatic equipment identification KW - Aviation KW - Electronic data interchange KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - National economic crossroads transp efficiency act KW - Partnerships KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/477768 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00789538 AU - East-West Gateway Coordinating Council AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - 1997 ST. LOUIS METROPOLITAN REGION GENERAL AVIATION SYSTEM PLAN PY - 1998/01/23 SP - 94 p. AB - This document contains the current forecasted aviation data for the St. Louis Metropolitan Region. All data contained within this document supersedes all previous General Aviation System Plans for the St. Louis Metropolitan Region. The goal of this report is to update the statistical data regarding all aviation activity of the general aviation public use airports within the St. Louis Metropolitan Region. Drafts of plans for the purpose of airport planning that include aviation activity data no longer can use data from the 1991 or 1985 General Aviation System Plans. The plan includes airport data, historical activity, forecast information and capital improvement planning. KW - Aircraft KW - Airports KW - Aviation safety KW - Economic analysis KW - Forecasting KW - Landing KW - Operations KW - Planning KW - Public participation KW - Regional airlines KW - Saint Louis (Missouri) KW - Towers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/647871 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01105109 AU - Hollister, K M AU - Rhoades, A S AU - Lind, A T AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Department of the Air Force TI - Evaluation of Boeing 747-400 Performance During ATC-Directed Breakouts on Final Approach PY - 1998/01/07 SP - 184p AB - The effects of three different levels of pilot training on the breakout response of pilots at the Boeing 747-400 aircraft were studied. The study examined responses during ATC-directed breakouts on final approach and was conducted in three phases. Phase 1 tested performance during manual and autopilot-coupled approaches given current procedures and pilot training. Phase 2 tested the effect of increased pilot situational awareness and proposed ATC breakout phraseology on breakouts during manual and autopilot-coupled approaches. Phase 3 tested the effect of two B747-400-specific breakout procedures on breakouts during autopilot-coupled approaches. Pilot preferences regarding procedures and the tested training materials were also solicited. KW - Air pilots KW - Air traffic control KW - Approach KW - Automatic pilot KW - Boeing 747 aircraft KW - Flight simulators KW - Performance KW - Training UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20300/20346/PB98123524.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/864700 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00882990 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - HICKS, BETTY AU - MORRISON, ROWENA TI - PASSENGER RELATED SAFETY HAZARDS. PY - 1998/01 AB - INCIDENTS REPORTED TO AVIATION SAFETY REPORTING SYSTEM. KW - Air travel KW - Flight attendants KW - Psychological aspects KW - Stress (Psychology) KW - Stresses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/571364 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00882992 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - BENNY, DANIEL J TI - PROTECTION OF GENERAL AVIATION AIRCRAFT PY - 1998/01 AB - No abstract provided. KW - General aviation aircraft KW - Security UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/571366 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00882989 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - DUNCAN, PHYLLIS-ANNE TI - ZERO TOLERANCE PY - 1998/01 AB - GROWTH IN "UNRULY PASSENGER" INCIDENTS ON COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT. KW - Air travel KW - Flight attendants KW - Psychological aspects KW - Stress (Psychology) KW - Stresses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/571363 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00882991 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - CHAMBERLAIN, H DEAN TI - ACCIDENT PLAN AND CHECKLIST -- DO YOU HAVE ONE? PY - 1998/01 AB - CONSIDERATIONS FOR SMALL AIRPORTS. KW - Airports KW - Safety KW - Security UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/571365 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070831 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Miami International Airport Master Plan Update for the Proposed New Runway : environmental impact statement PY - 1998///Volumes held: Draft (2v), Final(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830216 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070830 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - South suburban airport, Chicago region, Draft environmental assessment (EA) B1(3v); Phase I engineering report summary draft B2; letter of transmittal and press release B3; Final environmental assessment (EA) : environmental impact statement PY - 1998///Volumes held: Background documents1(3v), Background documents2, Background documents3, Background documents4(5v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830215 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070808 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Dual Track Airport planning process, Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport, Twin Cities, Hennepin County, Dakota County : environmental impact statement PY - 1998///Volumes held: Draft, Final,Long-term comprehensive plan B1 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Minnesota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830193 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00903295 AU - BENNER, WILLIAM E AU - CARTY, THOMAS AU - MCKINNEY, MICHAEL AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FINAL PHASE RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (RVR)/AUTOMATED SURFACE OBSERVING SYSTEM (ASOS) INTERFACE OPERATIONAL TEST AND EVALUATION (OT&E) REPORT. PY - 1998 IS - ADA356974 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airport runways KW - Instrument landing systems KW - Landing aids UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/618364 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00899626 AU - BENNER, WILLIAM E AU - MCKINNEY, MICHAEL AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - INTERIM RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (RVR)/AUTOMATED SURFACE OBSERVING SYSTEM (ASOS) INTERFACE REGRESSION OPERATIONAL TEST AND EVALUATION (OT&E) REPORT. PY - 1998 IS - ADA359840 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airport runways KW - Instrument landing systems KW - Landing aids UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/612970 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00899439 AU - DUDAS, CHARLES AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - PRECISION RUNWAY MONITOR (PRM) BASELINE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE CHARACTERS TEST REPORT. PY - 1998 IS - ADA360767 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Airplanes KW - Airports KW - Instrument landing systems KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/612928 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00899262 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AIR TRAFFIC TECHNICAL TRAINING. PY - 1998 IS - PB98-173644 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aids to air navigation KW - Air traffic control KW - Air traffic controllers KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/612881 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00899632 AU - BENNER, WILLIAM E AU - MCKINNEY, MICHAEL AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - INTERIM RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (RVR) AUTOMATED SURFACE OBSERVING SYSTEM (ASOS) INTERFACE OPERATIONAL TEST AND EVALUATION (OT&E) REGRESSION TEST #2 REPORT. PY - 1998 IS - ADA359841 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airport runways KW - Instrument landing systems KW - Landing aids UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/612974 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00778645 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - CRIMINAL ACTS AGAINST CIVIL AVIATION, 1998 PY - 1998 SP - 85 p. AB - This report is a compilation of hijackings, bombings, and other significant criminal acts against civil and general aviation interests worldwide. The report documents incidents that have taken place against civil aviation aircraft and interests worldwide; it has been published annually since 1986. Incidents recorded in this report are summarized in regional geographic overviews. Feature articles focus on case histories or on specific aviation related issues. Incidents are also sorted into one of seven categories and compared over a five-year period. In addition, charts and graphs have been prepared to assist the reader in interpreting the data. The cutoff date for information in this report is December 31, 1998. A new appendix appears in this year's report. This appendix identifies which aviation incidents in the past five years are considered politically motivated acts. Incidents for 1998 in this category are so identified in the individual incident summaries contained in the geographic regional reports. KW - Bombings KW - Civil aviation KW - Criminal histories KW - Geographic information systems KW - Hijacking KW - Incident management KW - Political factors KW - Regional analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/508634 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00766053 AU - Breihan, J R AU - Briddon, A E AU - Champie, E A AU - Komons, N A AU - Kraus, T L AU - Marraine, P A AU - MILNER, S AU - Rochester, S I AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FAA HISTORICAL CHRONOLOGY: CIVIL AVIATION AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 1926-1996 PY - 1998 SP - 374 p. AB - This volume is the third in a series of chronologies prepared by the FAA history staff. The original Historical Fact Book, covering the years 1926-1963, was published in 1966. In 1974, a revised edition brought coverage forward through the year 1971. This third edition is retitled FAA Historic Chronology to avoid confusion with another agency publication whose title includes the words "fact book". Unlike their multi-volume FAA history series, this book is a compilation of data rather than a narrative. To overcome the limitations inherent in a strictly chronological organization, the authors have sometimes grouped related events within a single entry. If readers are unable to find an entry under the date that an event occured, they should consult the index. To further assist in locating information, the authors have printed key passages in bold type and have included many cross-references within the text. KW - Chronology KW - Civil aviation KW - Federal government KW - History KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/502513 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00891014 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - CHAMBERLAIN, H DEAN TI - QUALIFIED PC COMPUTER-BASED TRAINING DEVICES TAKE OFF PY - 1998 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air pilots KW - Flight simulators KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/596395 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00891013 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - DUNCAN, PHYLLIS ANNE TI - SAFER SKIES -- A FOCUSED AGENDA PY - 1998 AB - FAA PROGRAM TO REDUCE COMMERCIAL FATAL ACCIDENTS BY 80% OVER NEXT 10 YEARS. KW - Air transportation KW - Regulations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/596394 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00891015 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - DUNCAN, PHYLLIS ANNE TI - WINGS OVER NORTH CAROLINA PY - 1998 AB - FAA'S PILOT PROFICIENCY AWARD PROGRAM, SPONSORING ANNUAL WINGS WEEKEND TRAINING SESSIONS. KW - General aviation pilots KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/596396 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00888628 AU - Trani, Antonio A AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF AIRSPACE SECTOR AND ENCOUNTER MODELS TO SUPPORT THE ANALYSIS OF AIRCRAFT SEPARATION AND COLLISION RISK. PY - 1998 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Air traffic control KW - Airplanes KW - Airports KW - Mathematical models KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/579678 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00759493 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AIRPORT SURFACE OPERATIONS SAFETY ACTION PLAN, 1998: TO REDUCE RUNWAY INCURSIONS AND IMPROVE OPERATIONS PY - 1998 SP - 54 p. AB - This 1998 Action Plan represents a systemwide, multifaceted strategy to reduce incidents and accidents directly attributable to runway incursions and improve airport surface operations. It identifies goals, objectives, and actions that address management and procedural changes; improvements in airport navigation aids, signs and surface markings; technology-based efforts; and increased incursion awareness efforts. The plan is in direct support of the FAA Administrator's goal to reduce runway incursions by 15% of the 1997 level by the year 2000. KW - Airport runways KW - Airport surface traffic control KW - Crash rates KW - Incident management KW - Navigational aids KW - Safety KW - Safety management UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21300/21343/PB99112559.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/495947 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00888031 AU - KHAN, KASHIF A AU - KUCHAR, JAMES K AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - INTEGRATION OF REUSABLE LAUNCH VEHICLES INTO AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT, PHASE II. PY - 1998 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Airways KW - Launch vehicles KW - Space shuttles KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/579517 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00887410 AU - U.S. General Accounting Office AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS ON FAA'S COMPUTER SECURITY AND YEAR 2000 PROGRAM. PY - 1998 IS - 161182 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Computer security KW - United States KW - Year 2000 date conversion KW - Year 2000 date conversion (Computer systems) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/579357 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00886731 AU - Hoffer, Stefan AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENT AND REGULATORY DECISIONS REVISED GUIDE. PY - 1998 IS - PB98-126089 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Airports KW - Costs KW - Finance KW - United States UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20400/20412/PB98126089.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/579257 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00886830 AU - MCGUIRE, ROBERT J AU - VU, TONG AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - VERTICAL DROP TEST OF A BEECHCRAFT 1900C AIRLINER. PY - 1998 IS - PB98-152770 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aircraft cabins KW - Airplanes KW - Beech aircraft KW - Impact tests KW - Testing UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20800/20820/PB98152770.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/579275 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00887030 AU - BEATTIE, A G AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES, AIRWORTHINESS ASSURANCE NDI VALIDATION CENTER UNDER CONTRACT NO. TI - AN ACOUSTIC EMISSION TEST FOR AIRCRAFT HALON 1301 FIRE EXTINGUISHER BOTTLES. PY - 1998 IS - PB98-154388 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Acoustic emission tests KW - Aircraft cabins KW - Bromotrifluoromethane KW - Fire extinguishing agents UR - http://www.tc.faa.gov/its/worldpac/techrpt/ar97-9.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/579294 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00886162 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - 1998 FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION PLAN FOR RESEARCH, ENGINEERING & DEVELOPMENT. PY - 1998 IS - AD-A344 936 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Research KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/579112 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00886002 AU - UNITED STATES. SUBCOMMITTEE ON AVIATION. FOR SALE BY THE U.S. G.P.O., SUPT. OF DOCS., CONGRESSIONAL SALES OFFICE AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FAA'S EFFORTS TO CLOSE AND CONSOLIDATE FLIGHT SERVICE STATIONS AND TO CONSIDER H.R. 1454, WHICH WOULD PROHIBIT THE FAA FROM CLOSING CERTAIN FLIGHT SERVICE STATIONS: HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON AVIATION OF THE COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, ONE HUNDRED FIFTH CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION, SEPTEMBER 30, 1997.. SN - 0160563151 PY - 1998 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Aids to air navigation KW - Air traffic control KW - Meteorological services KW - Meteorology KW - United States KW - Weather forecasting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/579080 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00883764 AU - UNITED STATES. SUBCOMMITTEE ON AVIATION. FOR SALE BY THE U.S. G.P.O., SUPT. OF DOCS., CONGRESSIONAL SALES OFFICE AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ONE YEAR AFTER VALUJET CRASH: FAA RESPONSE TO HAZMAT AND CARGO FIRE PROTECTION ISSUES: HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON AVIATION OF THE COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, ONE HUNDRED FIFTH CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION, MAY 15, 1997.. T2 - FAA RESPONSE TO HAZMAT AND CARGO FIRE PROTECTION ISSUES SN - 0160560985 PY - 1998 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Air transportation KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Airlines KW - Fires KW - Hazardous materials KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/568165 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00881689 AU - UNITED STATES. SUBCOMMITTEE ON TECHNOLOGY. FOR SALE BY THE U.S. G.P.O., SUPT. OF DOCS., CONGRESSIONAL SALES OFFICE AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - THE ROLE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN IMPROVING CIVILIAN AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT: HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SUBCOMMITTEE ON TECHNOLOGY, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, ONE HUNDRED FIFTH CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION, JUNE 24, 1997.. SN - 0160559537 PY - 1998 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Aircraft pilotage KW - Airplanes KW - Pilotage KW - Research KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/567999 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01207231 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Standard Terminal Automation Replacement System. Human Factors Review PY - 1997/12/18/Volume 1 SP - 67p AB - This Human Factors Review is in three chapters. It describes the findings of the initial diagnostic usability assessment of the Standard Terminal Automation Replacement System (STARS) Early Display Capability (EDC) system. This evaluation is the first stage of a comprehensive process to assess and address EDC human factors issues. It includes methodologies to resolve the issues raised and identifies STARS Full Service Level (FSL) transition and pre-planned product improvement human factors research and application engineering areas. It also presents a STARS Monitor and Control Workstation (MCW) proposal to re-evaluate the usability of that system In response to a congressional request, the Chief Scientific and Technical Advisor for Human Factors (Chairperson of the STARS Steering Committee) directed that this report be prepared. KW - Airport capacity KW - Airport terminals KW - Automation KW - Aviation safety KW - Human factors engineering KW - Standard Terminal Automation Replacement System KW - Terminal operations UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33600/33658/33658.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/968119 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01207227 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Standard Terminal Automation Replacement System. Human Factors Review Supporting Documents PY - 1997/12/18/Volume 2 SP - 111p AB - It volume provides the findings and supporting documents of the initial diagnostic usability assessment of the Standard Terminal Automation Replacement System (STARS) Early Display Capability (EDC) system. This evaluation is the first stage of a comprehensive process to assess and address EDC human factors issues. It includes methodologies to resolve the issues raised and identifies STARS Full Service Level (FSL) transition and pre-planned product improvement human factors research and application engineering areas. It also presents a STARS Monitor and Control Workstation (MCW) proposal to re-evaluate the usability of that system In response to a congressional request, the Chief Scientific and Technical Advisor for Human Factors (Chairperson of the STARS Steering Committee) directed that this report be prepared KW - Airport capacity KW - Airport terminals KW - Automation KW - Aviation safety KW - Human factors engineering KW - Standard Terminal Automation Replacement System KW - Terminal operations UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33600/33657/33657.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/968120 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173237 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Report to Congress on Potential for Use of Land Options in Federally Funded Airport Projects PY - 1997/12 SP - 26p AB - This report will evaluate the concept of using options to secure property before needed for the subsequent financing and construction of federally funded airport development. Land banking, as previously studied, entails actual acquisition of land for use up to 15 years in the future. Land options, however, are used to ensure a party retains the right to acquire land in the face of imminent or planned development, while avoiding a cost escalation as development plans become known. Land options, as defined in the next section, may range in duration from as short as 3 months to as long as several years. Although there is no established time limitation, this study found that current practice sets the terms of options at relatively short periods of time. KW - Airports KW - Construction KW - Financing KW - Land banking KW - Land use planning KW - Planning by facility or land use KW - Property acquisition UR - https://www.faa.gov/airports/aip/media/land-options.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/927783 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932815 AU - Beringer, D B AU - Harris, H C AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AUTOMATION IN GENERAL AVIATION: TWO STUDIES OF PILOT RESPONSES TO AUTOPILOT MALFUNCTIONS PY - 1997/12 SP - 27 p. AB - Study 1 examined four automation-related malfunctions (runaway pitch-trim up, roll servo failure, roll sensor failure, pitch drift up) and subsequent pilot responses. Study 2 examined four additional malfunctions; two more immediately obvious (runaway pitch-trim down, runaway roll servo) and two subtler (failed attitude indicator, pitch sensor drift down) than those in Study 1, and the effect of an auditory warning. Data collection was performed in a general aviation research simulator, configured as a Piper Malibu. Results suggest that maladaptive responses to some of these failures may, in a significant percentage of cases, lead to significant altitude loss, overstress of the airframe, disorientation of the pilot, or destruction of the aircraft. Percentages of successful recoveries, detection/correction times, and related indices of performance are discussed in the context of malfunction type, flight profile, and auditory alerts. KW - Air pilots KW - Audible warning devices KW - Automatic pilot KW - Automation KW - Aviation safety KW - Flight KW - General aviation KW - Indicating instruments KW - Pitch (Dynamics) KW - Sensors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724577 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932816 AU - Gilliland, K AU - Schlegel, R E AU - Nesthus, T E AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman TI - WORKSHIFT AND ANTIHISTAMINE EFFECTS ON TASK PERFORMANCE PY - 1997/12 SP - 100 p. AB - Sixteen male subjects, well-trained on a battery of cognitive performance assessment tasks, participated in a study to investigate the effects on human operator performance of work shift (day shift vs. midshift), a specific antihistamine drug and time on task accompanying three successive drug doses spaced every four hours. Five performance tasks, two work sample tasks, and four subjective scales were included in the study. In summary, chlorpheniramine maleate alone had a strong negative influence on a wide range of task performance and mood measures. There was a rather complex relationship between work shift and time on the shift such that performance and mood during the day shift tended to get better and during the midshift tended to get worse. No evidence was found that chlorpheniramine maleate and work shift combine to produce a multiplicative effect. KW - Antihistamines KW - Cognition KW - Emotions KW - Human subject testing KW - Medication KW - Personnel performance KW - Shifts KW - Task analysis UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM97-25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724578 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932813 AU - Gronlund, S D AU - Dougherty, MRP AU - Ohrt, D D AU - Thomson, G L AU - Bleckley, M K AU - Bain, D L AU - Arnell, F AU - Manning, C A AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman TI - THE ROLE OF MEMORY IN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL PY - 1997/11 SP - 25 p. AB - This study tests air traffic controllers currently serving as instructors and tries to manipulate their memory for various aircraft flight data. In Experiment 1, the amount of control exercised (the number of control actions or communications) had little effect on memory for flight data, although excellent memory for the position of aircraft on the radar display was shown. The authors argue that this was the basis for the mental representation of the aircraft in the sector and may serve as the foundation for situation awareness. In Experiment 2, neither the type of control exercised nor the importance of the aircraft in the scenario consistently affected memory. Several reasons are considered why memory for flight data could not be manipulated, including how important memory is to successful task performance and whether the relevant characteristics of the situation were tapped. Resolution of these issues will contribute to improved techniques that assess situation awareness from memory performance. KW - Air traffic control KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Aircraft KW - Awareness KW - Cognition KW - Human subject testing KW - Instructors KW - Memory UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724575 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932814 AU - Driskill, W E AU - Weissmuller, J Q AU - Hand, D K AU - Hunter, D R AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Metrica, Incorporated TI - THE USE OF WEATHER INFORMATION IN AERONAUTICAL DECISION-MAKING: II PY - 1997/11 SP - 55 p. AB - An investigation was conducted of the values, or worth functions, pilots attribute to weather and terrain variables in making decisions about flight in a single-engine aircraft under visual flight rules. This study replicated earlier exploratory research that used data from a single geographic area. The present study obtained data from pilots in six geographic regions of the United States. The results of this study confirm the three tentative hypotheses suggested by the data from the initial study: (1) Cognitive processes that pilots utilize in making aeronautical decisions can be modeled using regression methods; (2) The values pilots associate with varying levels of ceiling, visibility, and precipitation are a function of the terrain over which the flight is made; and (3) While values differ among pilots, specific policies can be found to describe how they assign weights in making decisions about beginning or continuing a flight. Generally, pilots use a compensatory decision strategy, combining the weather variables in making judgments about flight by compensating for poor conditions in one variable with better conditions in other variables. However, under some circumstances, pilots also tend to employ a worst-factor strategy; that is, pilots appear to have personal standards for either ceiling, visibility, or precipitation, below which they become reluctant to make a flight. KW - Air pilots KW - Aviation safety KW - Ceiling (Meteorology) KW - Cognition KW - Decision making KW - Geography KW - Precipitation (Meteorology) KW - Regression analysis KW - Terrain KW - Visibility KW - Visual flight KW - Weather conditions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724576 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932812 AU - Salazar, G J AU - DeJohn, C A AU - Hansrote, R W AU - Key, O R AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS IN AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION PY - 1997/11 SP - 13 p. AB - The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) amended 29 CFR Part 1910 in 1991 to include regulations addressing occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens (BBP). The rule affects all employees who have the potential for occupational exposure to these pathogens. An accident scene presents significant challenges in terms of implementing a program which was primarily envisioned to affect personnel in "traditional" healthcare delivery facilities; the OSHA requirements now had to be met in the chaotic, inhospitable, and logistically difficult environment of an aircraft accident site. Unanticipated issues, such as heat-related conditions, performance of physically demanding work in cumbersome gear, biohazard trash disposal from remote sites, and a host of other problems had to be dealt with. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), in close cooperation with other Federal agencies, developed a training and administrative program to meet the requirements of the OSHA BBP rule as it relates to the unique environment of an aircraft accident site. The program has been implemented and successfully tested under actual field conditions at the sites of several major aviation accidents that have occurred recently. This article provides observations on the FAA's program and lessons learned from its implementation. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Bloodborne pathogens KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash investigation sites KW - Occupational safety KW - Regulation KW - Safety programs KW - Training KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM97-21.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724574 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00880237 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration TI - RUNWAY INCURSIONS.. PY - 1997/11 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aircraft pilotage KW - Airport runways KW - Airports KW - Navigation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/569657 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00880236 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - WRIGHT, SANDY TI - CANADA GEESE: FLYING ELEPHANTS WE MUST AVOID!/ PY - 1997/11 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Airports KW - Bird pests KW - Pest control KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/569656 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00882227 JO - FLIGHT SAFETY FOUNDATION NEWS PB - Federal Aviation Administration TI - SPECIFICATIONS FOR COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE EXPLOSIVES-DETECTION DEVICES PUBLISHED BY GAO.. PY - 1997/10 AB - SUBTITLE: THE U.S. FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION INTENDS TO INSTALL ADVANCED EXPLOSIVES-DETECTION DEVICES AT SELECTED U.S. AIRPORTS: THE U.S. GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE HAS PRESENTED A SURVEY OF AVAILABLE EXPLOSIVES-DETECTION UNITS. KW - Airports KW - Bombs KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/570687 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00882225 JO - FLIGHT SAFETY FOUNDATION NEWS PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - KOENIG, ROBERT L AU - STAFF, FSF EDITORIAL TI - REPORT SAYS LAPSES IN OVERSIGHT OF NEW AIRLINES ILLUSTRATE "LONG- STANDING PROBLEMS". PY - 1997/10 AB - SUBTITLE: THE U.S. GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE (GAO) REPORT FOUND THAT DURING THE STUDY PERIOD THE U.S. FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION (FAA) HAD NO POLICY OF INCREASED SURVEILLANCE FOR START-UP AIRLINES WITH ABOVE-AVERAGE RATES OF ACCIDENTS, INCIDENTS OR ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS: IT ALSO CITED DEFICIENCIES IN INSPECTOR TRAINING AND FAA DATABASES, BUT IT ACKNOWLEDGED THAT RECENT FAA INITIATIVES HAVE THE POTENTIAN TO BRING ABOUT SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT. KW - Air transportation KW - Regulations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/570685 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00882226 JO - FLIGHT SAFETY FOUNDATION NEWS PB - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS REPORTED TO THE TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD OF CANADA (TSB) FOR 1996 FELL TO AN ESTIMATED 10-YEAR LOW.. PY - 1997/10 AB - SUBTITLE: THE LOWEST ACCIDENT RATE WAS FOR LARGE COMMERCIAL AIRLINES, WHICH REPORTED ONLY ONE ACCIDENT: THE HIGHEST RATE WAS FOR PRIVATE AIRPLANES, WHICH REPORTED 153 ACCIDENTS PER 100,000 HOURS FLOWN. KW - Air transportation KW - Canada KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/570686 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00759630 AU - PERRY, R AU - Mariman, K AU - Olson, D AU - Werner, P AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Department of Energy TI - DATA QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS FOR FAA PY - 1997/09/30 SP - 16p AB - The federal Aviation Administration (FAA), in efforts to implement the Safety Performance Analysis System (SPAS) has identified significant problems in the quality of the data which SPAS and FAA air safety professionals would use in defining the state of aviation safety in the United States. These findings were reinforced by the DOT Inspector General and General Accounting Office investigations into the FAA surveillance of air transportation operations. Sandia Laboratories, working with the FAA's Airport and Aircraft Safety Research and Development Division and the Flight Standards Service, has been involved in four prorams to assist FAA in addressing their data quality problems. The Sandia approach has been data driven rather than technology driven. In other words, the focus has been on first establishing the data requirements by analyzing the FAA's surveillance and decision making process. This process analysis looked at both the data requirements and the methods used to gather the data in order to address both the conformance and utility problems inherent in existing FAA data systems. This paper discusses Sandia's data quality programs and their potential improvements to the safety analysis processes and surveillance programs of the FAA. U1 - International Society of Air Safety Investigators Annual ConferenceDepartment of Energy StartDate:19970000 EndDate:19970000 Sponsors:Department of Energy KW - Air transportation KW - Aviation safety KW - Data communications KW - Decision making KW - Performance evaluations KW - Quality control KW - Surveillance KW - Validity UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/15000/15100/15162/DE98000237.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/498159 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01126412 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Economic Justification for FAA's Flight 2000 Program PY - 1997/09/23 SP - 12p AB - This paper summarizes the economic benefits that are anticipated to flow from the FAA's Flight 2000 operational demonstration program. This quick assessment is based on the Flight 2000 Initial Program Plan, dated July 16, 1997. The analysis shows there are sufficient economic merits to justify the projected investment of $390 million outlined in the plan. In particular, the safety benefits to users and potential cost avoidance are estimated to range between $2.6 and $6.6 billion as part of the overall NAS modernization effort. KW - Air transportation KW - Aviation safety KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Economic factors KW - Modernization KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19000/19092/PB2002104482.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/887334 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01099637 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Airport Capital Improvement Plan: Stewardship for Airport Development PY - 1997/09 SP - 58p AB - This document summarizes efforts of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Office of the Associate Administrator for Airports to implement the concept of Airport Capital Improvement Planning (ACIP). It is based on the experiences of the FAA's Office of Planning and Programming, Financial Assistance Division. Data for this report was gleaned from field visits with regional offices, state organizations, conferences, recurrent training courses, and Airport Improvement Program (AIP) administration. Work to implement ACIP began in 1990 when an internal FAA working group was established to write an order for the ACIP. The Order, 5100.39, Airport Capital Improvement Plan, was primarily intended to move AIP discretionary funding decisions from an historical base to a needs base to ensure that the highest national priorities are funded. The Order also stresses the need for a calculated priority system and the need for state and sponsor involvement. KW - Airport Improvement Program KW - Airport planning KW - Airports KW - Capital improvement programs KW - Economic development KW - Financing KW - Implementation KW - Improvements KW - Infrastructure KW - Investments KW - Strategic planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19000/19034/PB2002104287.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/855703 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00742043 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Beshers, E W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PRACTICE AND ISSUES IN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS (WITH DISCUSSION) PY - 1997/09 IS - 476 SP - p. 8-23 AB - This paper was prepared for the April 1996 Benefits Analysis Workshop, conducted by the Transportation Research Board at the request of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). It reviews the range of benefit categories identified in an October 1995 scoping session and suggests certain revisions. It also examines major issues concerning benefit valuation and offers some sense of the priorities for further research. Before addressing these matters, some general points about the economic analysis of benefits are explained. Following the paper, is a discussion by two workshop participants. Mr. Lee's comments focus on issues of equity and how to incorporate them in benefit-cost analysis. Mr. Kraft concentrates on three dimensions of benefit-cost analysis methodology: categories of benefits, valuation of benefits, and analysis of benefits. U1 - Benefits Analysis WorkshopFederal Aviation Administration; and Committee on Aviation Forecasting and Economics, Transportation Research Board.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19960426 EndDate:19960426 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration; and Committee on Aviation Forecasting and Economics, Transportation Research Board. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Benefits KW - Economic analysis KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Measurement KW - Methodology KW - Research KW - Strategic planning KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - Valuation KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/577468 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00742042 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FAA COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS PY - 1997/09 IS - 476 SP - 30 p. AB - Executive Order 12866, issued on September 30, 1993, directed Federal Government agencies to undertake a far-reaching review of their regulatory process and practices. One aspect of this review was to examine--and improve as necessary--the methods used for assessing the benefits and costs of regulatory actions. In complying with the directives of EO 12866, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) initiated a search for ways to improve and expand its analytical capabilities and products, especially those related to benefit-cost analysis (BCA) methodology. In this connection, FAA asked the Transportation Research Board (TRB) to convene a group of experts, skilled in economic analysis and statistics, for the purpose of reviewing FAA's current methods of economic analysis and suggesting new approaches, refinements, or supplements to conventional BCA methods. This circular is a summary of the results of a workshop on BCA conducted by TRB in April 1996. At FAA's request, the focus of the workshop was on analysis of benefits, a concentration that stemmed from FAA's experience that costs are relatively easier to quantify than benefits and are not particularly difficult to estimate. The circular contains a brief introduction, a background paper entitled "Practice and Issues in Economic Analysis" by E.W. Beshers, prepared responses to the paper by two selected commentators, two discussion group reports, final remarks by participants, and a participants list. U1 - Benefits Analysis WorkshopFederal Aviation Administration; and Committee on Aviation Forecasting and Economics, Transportation Research Board.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19960426 EndDate:19960426 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration; and Committee on Aviation Forecasting and Economics, Transportation Research Board. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Benefits KW - Economic analysis KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Measurement KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/577467 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01477991 TI - An Analytical and Experimental Study on Widespread Fatigue Damage in Aircraft Fuselage Curved Panels AB - This project is focused on establishing a Fellowship program between the Federal Aviation Administration Technical Center (FAATC) and Drexel University, to promote a joint collaboration between FAATC professional personnel, Drexel faculty, and graduate students, performing experimental and analytical work on the subject of Widespread Fatigue damage (WFD) in aircraft structures. The work, based at the FAATC, will be performed by two Drexel graduate students, who will apply it as a partial fulfillment toward earning a PhD degree. KW - Aircraft KW - Fatigue damage KW - Fellowship programs KW - Fuselages KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1247648 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932811 AU - Marcus, J H AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - A FLEXIBLE CABIN SIMULATOR PY - 1997/08 SP - 19 p. AB - Experimental research on issues related to emergency evacuation of a passenger aircraft cabin have tended to use existing aircraft cabins. While a great deal of useful information has been collected, these facilities have limited capabilities to be configured to investigate new or unusual cabin arrangements. A concept design for a flexible cabin simulator has been completed and is described. The proposed facility can simulate any aircraft cabin from a small, commuter category aircraft through a multi-aisle, multi-deck mega-jumbo transport. The simulator allows full flexibility in terms of exit type and placement, location and design of interior monuments, and the size and layout of the passenger cabin. Experimental control is possible of interior and exterior illumination levels, the presence of vision obscuring smoke, and the door sill height when using evacuation slides. Built from modular sections, it might be used in the future to investigate new and unusual cabin designs, such as the flying wing. The proposed simulator is described to illustrate its versatility. The associated building and project costs are also discussed. KW - Aircraft cabins KW - Costs KW - Doors KW - Emergency exits KW - Evacuation KW - Experiments KW - Layout KW - Lighting KW - Passenger aircraft KW - Simulation KW - Smoke UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am97-18.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724573 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00744632 AU - Broach, D AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - DESIGNING SELECTION TESTS FOR THE FUTURE NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE PY - 1997/08 SP - 12 p. AB - A research program is proposed to develop the scientific tools and collect data to describe and assess the mix of abilities likely to be required of future Federal Aviation Administration air traffic control specialists, electronics technicians, and transportation system specialists. The first phase of the proposed research program is to develop a baseline profile describing the skills, abilities, and knowledge required to use, operate, and maintain the current National Airspace System (NAS) architecture. The second phase of the program is to develop and apply scientific tools to identify changes in personnel selection requirements in parallel with air traffic control and maintenance systems development. The third step in the research program is to develop, validate, and deliver new personnel selection technologies to reflect the human ability and performance needs of the future NAS architecture. The research program is designed to provide agency managers with the selection tools needed to manage personnel costs, inevitable generational change in the technical workforces, and technological innovation in air traffic control and maintenance systems. KW - Advanced systems KW - Air traffic control KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Maintenance personnel KW - National Airspace System KW - Personnel development KW - Selection and appointment KW - Technicians KW - Training UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am97-19.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22400/22455/ADA329231.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/472184 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00744633 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FLIGHT 2000, PATH TO FREE FLIGHT: INITIAL PROGRAM PLAN PY - 1997/07/16 SP - 172 p. AB - Flight 2000 is an aggressive initiative to deploy and evaluate selected planned air traffic management systems for the year 2005 NAS. Flight 2000 integrated for the first time the requisite systems, procedures, and training necessary to provide improved NAS safety, security, productivity, capacity, and efficiency at affordable operations and maintenance costs. This integrated demonstration and validation will begin in September 2000. The purpose of the Flight 2000 Initial Program Plan is to provide the reader with a strategic overview and details available at this stage in the planning process. The information includes: an overview of the driving forces and vision behind Flight 2000; a discussion of the customers and partners; a depiction of the benefits to be realized; a delineation of the operational concepts that will deliver those benefits; a presentation of the service architecture; strategies to improve the certification of those technologies; a schedule for implementing these strategies; and a cost estimate for Flight 2000 based upon the above information. KW - Advanced systems KW - Air traffic control KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Strategic planning KW - Technological innovations KW - Technology assessment UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22400/22451/ADA329055.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/472185 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932810 AU - Hunter, D R AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AN EVALUATION OF SAFETY SEMINARS PY - 1997/07 SP - 41 p. AB - Four versions of an evaluation form, each of which had a set of common items, were distributed at safety seminars conducted by the Federal Aviation Administration. These evaluation forms assessed participant satisfaction with seminars, perceptions of the seminar content and the presenter, frequency of attendance at seminars, aviation qualifications and experience, seminar content, format and venue preferences, access to computer and video technology for training delivery, self-perceived knowledge and proficiency, training activities, and maintenance activities. A total of 5,615 seminar forms were received from 226 seminars, approximately equally divided among the four form versions. This represents approximately 44% of the reported attendance at the 226 safety seminars. Seminar participants consistently rated the seminars favorably. Of the participants, 99% reported that they were satisfied with the seminar, 99% would recommend seminars to fellow pilots, and 96% either definitely or probably will attend another safety seminar in the next year. Data on computer and video ownership and use suggest that computer-based training might be a feasible means for disseminating training programs. Over half of the participants reported membership in at least one flying organization, and almost half reported that they had performed some preventive maintenance on an aircraft during the previous six months. The data provided by the study may be used to guide the content and format of future seminars, while supporting the development of alternative forms of training delivery. KW - Air pilots KW - Aviation safety KW - Computer aided instruction KW - Evaluation KW - Safety education KW - Safety programs KW - Training KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am97-16.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724572 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932809 AU - Kupiec, T C AU - Chaturvedi, A K AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - STEREOCHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF SELEGILINE METABOLITES IN POSTMORTEM BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENS PY - 1997/07 SP - 13 p. AB - The investigation of aircraft accidents requires that the presence of drugs in biological samples from accident victims be determined. Any medical condition for which the drugs might have been taken also needs to be established. This study reports findings from an aircraft accident in which two types of tablets found at the accident scene were submitted for analysis along with biological specimens from the pilot. These tablets were identified as levodopa and selegiline, commonly prescribed for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Selegiline, a stereospecific compound, is biotransformed into (-)-N-desmethylselegiline, (-)-methamphetamine, and (-)-amphetamine. The latter two levorotatory metabolites cannot be easily distinguished from their dextrorotary isomers, which are controlled substances. Therefore, it was prudent to differentiate these isomers to prove or disprove the controlled substance categorization. Initial immunoassay drug screenings revealed the presence of amphetamine class drugs and amphetamine/methamphetamine in urine and methamphetamine in blood. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) results revealed the specific concentration of methamphetamine and amphetamine in the blood and urine. To determine the stereospecificity of these amines, the isolated amines from the biosamples were derivatized by a stereospecific agent and characterized by a GC/MS method to be levorotatory. The 2.14 ratio of (-)-methamphetamine to (-)-amphetamine concentrations in the urine was consistent with a previous selegiline study. The stereospecific analysis, together with the history of the pilot being on Parkinson's medications, suggests that the source of these amines was selegiline. This conclusion substantiates the importance of the identification of enantiomers in interpreting related analytical results for accident investigations. KW - Aircraft crash victims KW - Amphetamines KW - Blood analysis KW - Crash investigation KW - Diseases and medical conditions KW - Forensic medicine KW - Gas chromatography KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Medication KW - Parkinson's disease KW - Samples KW - Selegiline KW - Toxicology KW - Urinalysis UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am97-14.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724571 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932808 AU - Endsley, M R AU - Rodgers, M D AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - DISTRIBUTION OF ATTENTION, SITUATION AWARENESS, AND WORKLOAD IN A PASSIVE AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TASK: IMPLICATIONS FOR OPERATIONAL ERRORS AND AUTOMATION PY - 1997/07 SP - 25 p. AB - This study was conducted to investigate factors underlying operational errors (OEs) in en route air traffic control. Twenty active duty controllers watched re-creations of OEs and were asked to report on their situation awareness and workload on two occasions during the re-creations. A total of 14 OEs were examined. Responses were analyzed to determine how subjects allocated their attention while viewing the scenarios. While observed patterns probably reflect necessary prioritization schemes, attention strategies identified in this study can be linked to data on factors underlying OEs. Both objective taskload, as indicated by the number of aircraft being controlled, and subjective workload were found to be related to controllers' ability to report situation awareness information. Workload was found to be higher at the time of the OE than at the other stop during the re-creation. During high workload, controllers appeared to reduce attention paid to certain aircraft and variables to maintain awareness of more important information. Implications of this research are drawn for potential problems in situation awareness under passive monitoring conditions that may be present if certain forms of automation are introduced in the future air traffic control system. KW - Air traffic control KW - Attention KW - Automation KW - Awareness KW - Enroute traffic control KW - Error analysis KW - Errors KW - Task analysis KW - Workload UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM97-13.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724570 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00744634 AU - Schroeder, D J AU - Dollar, C S AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF PRE/POST-STRIKE AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL APPLICANTS PY - 1997/07 SP - 20 p. AB - The 16 Personality Factors (16PF) test has been routinely administered to personnel applying for Air Traffic Control Specialists (ATCS) positions within the Federal Aviation Administration for more than 3 decades. This study was designed to assess the relationship between personality characteristics of a group of post-strike applicants (1984) with data gathered in the late 1960s and 1970s. Additionally, the comparisons provide a baseline with which to assess the characteristics of the new controllers who will start to enter the workforce as the post-strike workforce begins to retire following the year 2000. Outcomes were consistent with previous findings, in revealing that female and male ATCS applicants are brighter than the average individual. When compared with the general population norm, the applicant groups are less anxious, report higher self-discipline, and are more emotionally stable. They are also more self-reliant and assertive. These characteristics appear to be ideally suited for applicants to an occupation that requires quick decision-making and calm, thoughtful responses during emergencies. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Occupations KW - Personnel development KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am97-17.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/472186 ER - TY - SER AN - 00879247 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - DUNCAN, PHYLLIS-ANNE TI - OPERATIONS AT NONTOWERED AIRPORTS (IV). PY - 1997/07 AB - SUBTITLE: DEFINING THE PILOT'S ROLE IN COLLISION AVOIDANCE. KW - Aircraft pilotage KW - Airplanes KW - Airports KW - Navigation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/566679 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00778646 AU - Saia, J J AU - Stone, M L AU - Weber, M E AU - Lincoln Laboratory AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - DESCRIPTION OF THE INTERFACE BETWEEN THE WEATHER SYSTEMS PROCESSOR (WSP) AND THE AIRPORT SURVEILLANCE RADAR (ASR-9) PY - 1997/06/16 SP - 62 p. AB - The Weather Systems Processor (WSP) is an enhancement for the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) current generation Airport Surveillance Radars (ASR-9) that provides fully automated detection of microburst and gust front wind shear phenomena, estimates of storm cell movement and extrapolated future position, and 10- and 20-minute predictions of the future position of gust fronts. The WSP also generates six-level weather reflectivity free of anomalous propagation induced ground clutter breakthrough. Alphanumeric and graphical displays provide WSP generated weather information to air traffic controllers and their supervisors. This report describes the hardware, interlaces, timing and digital signal extraction from the ASR-9 necessary to support the WSP. The digital interface circuitry between the WSP and the ASR-9, the control functions associated with the WSP, and strategies for performing system test functions are described. KW - Air traffic control KW - Gusts KW - Microbursts KW - Surveillance KW - Weather forecasting KW - Weather radar KW - Wind factor (Air navigation) UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22200/22248/PB99171217.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/508635 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01103198 AU - Rehmann, Albert AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Human Factors Recommendations for Airborne Controller-Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLS) Systems: A Synthesis of Research Results and Literature PY - 1997/06//Technical Note SP - 93p AB - This document provides a synthesis of research results and literature culminating in specific human factors recommendations for Controller-Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC) systems. The report concentrates on two major human factors top areas; system operability, and system implementation. System operability includes issues such as display location, crew alerting, and message formatting, etc. System implementation includes issues such as situation awareness/party line, airspace environment, mixed modality communications, etc. The findings provide a synthesis of past Data Link research and specifically address the work performed by or supported by the Technical Center's Airborne Data Link Group (ADLG) over the past several years. The goal of the Technical Center's research is to support rulemaking, certification, and the testing of air traffic control (ATC) systems in end-to-end environments. KW - Air traffic control KW - Aircraft pilotage KW - Controller-Pilot Data Link Communications KW - Flight crews KW - Flight information services KW - Flight personnel KW - General aviation KW - Human factors engineering UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22400/22454/ADA329207.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/860352 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00744589 AU - Bud, M J AU - Mengert, P AU - Ransom, S AU - Stearns, M D AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - GENERAL AVIATION ACCIDENTS, 1983-1994: IDENTIFICATION OF FACTORS RELATED TO CONTROLLED-FLIGHT-INTO-TERRAIN (CFIT) ACCIDENTS PY - 1997/06 SP - 26 p. AB - A controlled-flight-into-terrain accident (CFIT) is any collision with terrain (or water) in which the pilot was in control of the aircraft but was not aware of the airplane's altitude, the terrain elevation, or the airplane's position in terms of latitude or longitude. This report describes the characteristics of general aviation (GA) accidents and identifies factors related to the occurrence of CFIT accidents in GA. This study used the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) database of 31,790 aviation accidents that occurred between 1983 and 1994, inclusive. In the NTSB aviation accident databases, 86% of these accidents were GA accidents. This study analyzed the subset of accidents involving GA airplanes and helicopters. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Airline pilots KW - Crash causes KW - Crashes KW - General aviation KW - Helicopters KW - Personnel performance KW - Pilot performance KW - Terrain avoidance KW - Terrain avoidance radar UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33600/33651/33651.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/472168 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01322439 AU - Burnham, David AU - Hallock, James AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Wake Vortex Separation Standards: Analysis Methods PY - 1997/05//Final Report SP - 90p AB - Wake vortex separation standards are used to prevent hazardous wake vortex encounters. A "safe" separation model can be used to assess the safety of proposed changes in the standards. A safe separation model can be derived from an encounter hazard model and a vortex decay model. This report presents subsequent developments and applications of such a model which was first developed in the early 1980s. A static encounter hazard model is coupled with a decay model based on sodar measurements of vortex decay. The separation standards and procedures used from 1976 to 1994 are assumed to be safe based on the absence of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) accidents. Various versions of the model are used to assess how aircraft should be classified and to evaluate the safety of a possible four-class aircraft separation system. Recommendations are made for ways of improving the safe separation models. KW - Aircraft operations KW - Aircraft separation KW - Airlines KW - Aviation safety KW - Hazards KW - Wakes UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34300/34350/DOT-VNTSC-FAA-97-04.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1082795 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932807 AU - Thompson, R C AU - Hilton, T F AU - Behn, L D AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - BASELINE ASSESSMENT OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF AIR TRAFFIC SPECIALISTS/FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION'S PARTNERSHIP PY - 1997/05 SP - 34 p. AB - The Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Flight Service Station (FSS) management and the leadership of the National Association of Air Traffic Specialists (NAATS) requested a baseline assessment of organizational climate prior to full implementation of NAATS/FAA Partnership (NFP) teams. The stated purpose of the NFP teams is to increase employee empowerment and improve decision-making and coordination within the organization. Fifty-eight percent of FSS personnel returned surveys assessing eight dimensions of organizational climate. These dimensions include purpose, structure, leadership, helpful mechanisms, relationships, attitude toward change, partnership, and environment/quality. The results indicate that the respondents are satisfied with relationships in the workplace, understand the purpose of FSS, and report there are resources available to help them at work. In addition, NFP non-participants and lower tenure FSS employees indicate that the facility may be resistant to change; the same employees reflect less belief in adequate leadership to achieve the stated goals of NFP, rate as less adequate communication of organizational goals and priorities, and report less satisfaction with the organization's structure. Finally, most respondents agree that participation is an effective way to resolve problems. KW - Coordination KW - Decision making KW - Employee communications KW - Employee empowerment KW - Employee participation KW - Employee relations KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Leadership KW - Management and organization KW - National Association of Air Traffic Specialists KW - Organizational effectiveness KW - Partnerships KW - Teams KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - Work environment UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM97-12.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724569 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932806 AU - Taylor, H L AU - Lintern, G AU - Hulin, C L AU - Talleur, D AU - Emanuel, T AU - Phillips, S AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - University of Illinois, Savoy TI - TRANSFER OF TRAINING EFFECTIVENESS OF PERSONAL COMPUTER-BASED AVIATION TRAINING DEVICES PY - 1997/05 SP - 24 p. AB - The training effectiveness of Personal Computer-Based Aviation Training Devices (PCATDs) has received only limited testing. In the experiment reported here, a commercially available PCATD was evaluated in a transfer of training experiment for its effectiveness in supporting instrument flight training. The data show levels of savings in airplane flight time that varied from 15% to over 40% for certain training exercises. However, there were also cases in which savings were essentially zero or even showed decrements as high as 25%. In general, transfer savings were positive and substantial when new tasks were introduced. The data indicate that a PCATD can provide training benefit for certain tasks but, in addition, use of the PCATD in some areas is not expected to result in savings and will erode the overall potential to reduce costs. KW - Aviation KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Computer aided instruction KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Flight time KW - Flight training KW - Instrument flying UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am97-11.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724568 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00748131 AU - Lupinetti, A AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER METRICS OF SUCCESS STUDY PY - 1997/05 SP - 98 p. AB - This report presents the results of an evaluation of the parameters presently in practice and/or recommended for use as effective measurements in determining the success and shortcomings as well as assessing the value of technology transfer in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). This investigation included investigation of tools used by other Government agencies in defining their metrics for success, the goals expected to be achieved from those metrics, their best practices, and identification of the metrics mandated by law and how they are effectively measured and reported. Section 1 of the report provides an introduction. Section 2 discusses National Technology Policy, Congressional reporting requirements, technology transfer metrics perspectives, and technology transfer in the FAA. Section 3 encapsulates the data and processes identified and collected during the course of this study. This includes an evaluation of FAA Cooperative Partnerships and the postulation of a Technology Transfer Metrics Model. Section 4 condenses all previously collected organization and literature data to draw some basic conclusions about the characteristics of metrics data, the tools used to collect data, measurement processes, the availability and accuracy of data, and the usefulness of metrics data. Section 5 presents recommendations for metrics specifically suited to the FAA. KW - Effectiveness KW - Information organization KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Measuring methods KW - Metric system KW - Metrics (Quantitative assessment) KW - Recommendations KW - Technology transfer KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473804 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00876007 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - DUNCAN, PHYLLIS ANNE TI - SEAPLANE SAFETY ISSUES (III). PY - 1997/05 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Airplanes KW - Seaplanes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/564567 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00876008 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - DUNCAN, PHYLLIS-ANNE TI - OPERATIONS AT NONTOWERED AIRPORTS (III). PY - 1997/05 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aircraft pilotage KW - Airports KW - Navigation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/564568 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932805 AU - Milburn, N J AU - Mertens, H W AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF A RANGE OF TARGET BLINK AMPLITUDES FOR ATTENTION-GETTING VALUE IN A SIMULATED AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL DISPLAY PY - 1997/04 SP - 10 p. AB - Several sources suggest that blinking targets are more alerting than steady targets. Those sources recommend target size, color, shape, brightness contrast, frequency of blink, and parameters for the ratio of time the blink should be on, relative to the time it is off. However, no guidelines were found for an effective, attention-getting blink amplitude (the percentage of decrease in target brightness from a standard). Ten participants located and selected the blinking information data blocks (targets) from 16 data blocks on a simulated air traffic control display. Seven blink amplitudes, ranging from 12.5% to 100%, were evaluated. Error and response time performance were near optimum for conditions involving a 75% to 100% decrease in brightness. For the standard luminance (51.4 Cd/m2), frequency (2 HZ), and duration (.10 sec) used in this experiment, a decrease in brightness of at least 75% was necessary for maximum attention-getting value of a blinking target. KW - Air traffic control KW - Amplitude (Physics) KW - Attention KW - Blink KW - Brightness KW - Control consoles KW - Frequency (Electromagnetism) KW - Luminance KW - Pulse duration modulation KW - Radar targets KW - Simulation UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am97-10.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724567 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00811707 AU - EEA, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AIR QUALITY PROCEDURES FOR CIVILIAN AIRPORTS AND AIR FORCE BASES PY - 1997/04 SP - 216 p. AB - Air quality assessments for proposed Federal actions are required for compliance with the National environmental Policy Act, the Clean Air Act and other environment-related regulations and directives. This handbook is a comprehensive guide intended to assist the air quality analyst in assessing the air quality impact of Federal Aviation Administration and United States Air Force actions at airports and air bases. It provides guidance, procedures and methodologies for use in carrying out such assessments. KW - Air bases KW - Air quality KW - Air quality management KW - Airports KW - Assessments KW - Clean Air Act KW - Environmental protection KW - National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 KW - Regulatory constraints UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/000/500/519/aq-hdbk.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17800/17896/PB2001104946.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680235 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00740431 AU - Nesthus, T E AU - Rush, L L AU - Wreggit, S S AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - EFFECTS OF MILD HYPOXIA ON PILOT PERFORMANCES AT GENERAL AVIATION ALTITUDES PY - 1997/04 SP - 43 p. AB - General aviation pilots may fly continuously at altitudes up to 12,500 ft (3810 m) without the use of supplemental oxygen. However, hypoxia is a condition that can develop at altitudes under 12,5000 ft. Research has shown highly variable tolerance and performance of individuals during low altitude laboratory exposures with simple and complex tasking. This study evaluated the physiological and subjective responses, as well as the simulated flight performance of general aviation pilots during a cross-country flight scenario. Ten pilots of a mild hypoxia group were compared with 10 pilots of a normoxic control group. Measurements of flight performance from the Basic General Aviation Research Simulator (BGARS) and of flight-following procedures were gathered during a 3-day, 2 hr per/day, cross-country flight sccenario. Determined by group membership and terrain elevation during the cross-country flight, subjects breathed either oxygen mixtures simulating sea level, 8,000 ft (2438 m), 10,000 ft (3048 m), and 12,500 ft alltitudes or compressed air, throughout. KW - Airline pilots KW - Altitude KW - Biochemical oxygen demand KW - Flight simulation KW - Flight simulators KW - General aviation pilots KW - High altitude KW - Hypoxia KW - Oxygen KW - Personnel performance KW - Physiological aspects KW - Pilot performance KW - Tolerance (Physiological) KW - Tolerance (Physiology) UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM97-09.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/573416 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00875989 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - DUNCAN, PHYLLIS-ANNE TI - OPERATIONS AT NONTOWERED AIRPORTS (II). PY - 1997/04 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aircraft pilotage KW - Airports KW - Navigation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/564549 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00875988 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - DUNCAN, PHYLLIS ANNE TI - SEAPLANE SAFETY ISSUES (II). PY - 1997/04 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Airplanes KW - Seaplanes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/564548 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01001192 AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - GRA, Incorporated TI - A Cost Allocation Study of FAA's FY 1995 Costs PY - 1997/03/19/Final Report SP - 165p AB - This report presents a summary of the 1995 Cost Allocation Study (CAS) conducted for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) by GRA, Incorporated. The CAS is intended to provide a base of information for the establishment of user fees and/or aviation taxes to finance FAA's programs. Prior FAA cost allocation studies have been used as references to support the authorization of taxes which were paid into the Airport and Airway Trust Fund to finance all of FAA's capital programs and a portion of its operating budget. In addition to potential reauthorization of aviation taxes, there have been a number of proposals to change the manner in which FAA is financed. Data from the CAS can be used to examine the feasibility of alternative financing mechanisms and their impact on the relative share of FAA's costs borne by various types of aviation users and the general taxpayer. In addition, the CAS provides detailed data on both the costs of producing FAA services and on who uses these services. The table of contents lists the following chapter headings: 1. Executive Summary, 2. Overview of the 1995 Cost Allocation Study, 3. Measurement of FAA Lines of Business Costs, 4. Allocation of Non-Air Traffic Services Lines of Business Costs to Users, 5. Allocation of Air Traffic Services Costs to Users, 6. Allocation of FAA Costs to Users. KW - Air traffic KW - Aviation KW - Businesses KW - Capital programs KW - Cost allocation KW - Costs KW - Financing KW - Taxes KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - User charges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/756894 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00778643 AU - Boswell, S B AU - Evans, J E AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF DOWNSTREAM IMPORTS OF AIR TRAFFIC DELAY PY - 1997/03/03 SP - 44 p. AB - Reduction of air carrier flight delay in the U.S. National Airspace System (NAS) has been a major objective of the FAA for many years. Much of the current delay arises from weather induced delays at airports. When a plane is delayed on one of the day's flights, there can be a carryover delay that affects later flights by that aircraft. In this report, statistical models were developed to predict: the 'downstream' delays that occur when a flight experiences an initial delay; and, the likelihood of flight cancellation as a function of the initial delay. Using historical airline reported delays for December 1993, it was concluded that the mean 'downstream' delay is approximately 80% of the initial delay, i.e., the net delay for an aircraft due to an initial flight delay is approximately 1.8 x the initial delay. KW - Air traffic control KW - Schedule maintenance KW - Traffic delays KW - Weather conditions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/508632 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932802 AU - Kochan, J A AU - Jensen, R S AU - Chubb, G P AU - Hunter, D R AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Ohio State University, Columbus TI - A NEW APPROACH TO AERONAUTICAL DECISION-MAKING: THE EXPERTISE METHOD PY - 1997/03 SP - 43 p. AB - Four studies of pilot decision-making were conducted to formulate a general model of the expert pilot that might be applied to novice pilots in order to increase their decision-making skills and reduce their risk of accident involvement. This set of studies began with a series of unstructured interviews of pilots to identify and compile characteristics of the expert pilot. Each succeeding study, then, became more structured in its approach as the characteristics of an expert pilot were more closely defined. From structured interviews conducted as part of the second study, a preliminary definition was obtained that stressed motivation, confidence, superior learning and performance skills, and an intuitive decision-making style. The third study evaluated these characteristics as they were possessed by pilots of three types of relatively high-performance general aviation aircraft. In the final study, experienced pilots were presented with a plausible general aviation flight scenario using a verbal protocol methodology. The responses of the pilots to this table-top simulation were recorded and analyzed. These data suggest that, when compared to competent pilots, expert pilots tend to (1) seek more quality information in a more timely manner; (2) make more progressive decisions to solve problems; and, (3) communicate more readily with all available resources. KW - Air pilots KW - Aviation safety KW - Communication KW - Decision making KW - Definitions KW - Expertise KW - General aviation KW - Human characteristics KW - Interviewing KW - Learning KW - Motivation KW - Simulation UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am97-06.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724564 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932804 AU - Thompson, R C AU - Hilton, T F AU - Witt, L A AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - WHERE THE SAFETY RUBBER MEETS THE SHOP FLOOR: A CONFIRMATORY MODEL OF MANAGEMENT INFLUENCE ON WORKPLACE SAFETY PY - 1997/03 SP - 12 p. AB - The role of management in establishing a safe work environment remains a topic that receives less attention in the literature than it deserves. Many authors have focused on safety programs and associated indications of program effects. Prescriptive articles advocating various management behaviors abound. However, there is little empirical evidence that validates the important role management plays in establishing a climate that sustains safe job behaviors. There is even less information about how management influences the safety atmosphere of the workplace. This paper presents a model that links management support, organizational climate, and self-reported safety outcomes. Confirmatory factor analysis results indicate that managerial influence on safety behaviors varies as a function of management role (manager/supervisor) and safety outcomes (safety conditions/safety compliance). The model was developed based on data collected in 1992 and confirmed on data collected in the same organization (the Federal Aviation Administrations Logistics Center) in 1995. Results underscore the important role management plays in maximizing workplace safety. KW - Behavior KW - Compliance KW - Factor analysis KW - Management KW - Managerial personnel KW - Occupational safety KW - Organizational effectiveness KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - Work environment KW - Workplaces UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am97-08.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21500/21509/PB99122061.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724566 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932803 AU - Nesthus, T E AU - Garner, R P AU - Mills, S H AU - Wise, Randall A AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - EFFECTS OF SIMULATED GENERAL AVIATION ALTITUDES HYPOXIA ON SMOKERS AND NONSMOKERS PY - 1997/03 SP - 63 p. AB - This study evaluated physiological and cognitive performance of smokers and nonsmokers during sessions of mild hypoxia. Nine male smokers and 9 nonsmokers performed the Multi-Attribute Task Battery (MATB) during separate 2-hr. sessions while breathing oxygen mixtures that simulated sea level, 5,000 ft., 8,000 ft., and 12,500 ft. altitude conditions. Results showed that four physiological measures: transcutaneous partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide (PtcO2 and PtcCO2), heart rate (HR), and oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2), demonstrated significant trends across the simulated altitude conditions and for some measures, between groups. Significant effects were found for MATB monitoring task measures. Smoking group and group by altitude interaction effects were also found for the monitoring task measures. Significant smoking group differences were found in tracking performance. Results of the physiological measures confirmed the study's targeted levels of hypoxia. Smokers exhibited elevated HR and lower PtcCO2 values compared with nonsmokers. Elevated HR is consistent with nicotine effects. Reduced PtcCO2 values may indicate greater hyperventilation among the smokers. Group differences in MATB performance involved tasks that were adjacent to the attention demanding fuel management task for which performance results were the same. Consistent with smoking research and studies of combined lowered oxygen tension and carbon monoxide, smokers may have experienced a reduction of peripheral vision and their ability to visually monitor several tasks simultaneously. The smoker group exhibited higher error rates and false alarms for the peripherally-located monitoring tasks, and showed significantly poorer tracking task performance, compared to the nonsmoker group. KW - Altitude KW - Aviation safety KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Cognitive impairment KW - General aviation KW - Heart rate KW - Human error KW - Human subject testing KW - Hypoxia KW - Oxygen KW - Oxyhemoglobin saturation KW - Peripheral vision KW - Physiological aspects KW - Simulation KW - Smoking UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am97-07.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724565 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00738657 AU - Burnham, D C AU - Spitzer, E A AU - Carty, T C AU - Lucas, D B AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Scientific and Engineering Solutions, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - UNITED STATES EXPERIENCE USING FORWARD SCATTERMETERS FOR RUNAWAY VISUAL RANGE PY - 1997/03 SP - 66 p. AB - The forward scattermeter has many practical advantages over the transmissometer (single mounting pole, greater dynamic range, etc.). However, before a forward scattermeter could be accepted for an RVR system, a number of criteria had to be satisfied: 1) the calibration must be accurate and consistent (a) from one unit to the next and (b) for all important obstruction to vision (fog and snow for RVR); 2) the windows of the sensors must not clog in blowing snow; and 3) scatter measurements in a small volume of space must represent conditions over the runway as well as measurements made by a transmissometer which averages over a baseline (250 feet (76.2 m) at US airports). Many different scattermeter designs were tested extensively, both in the field and in climatic chambers, before all acceptance criteria could be satisfied. The report describes the evolution of scattermeter design and presents the test methodology and results for the new RVR system. KW - Airport runways KW - Airport surface traffic control KW - Field of vision KW - Navigation KW - Obstruction KW - Obstructions (Navigation) KW - Runway visual range KW - Visibility KW - Visual navigation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34300/34349/DOT-VNTSC-FAA-97-01.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/572749 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00875665 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration TI - SEATBELTS AND SHOULDER HARNESSES: SMART PROTECTION IN SMALL AIRPLANES.. PY - 1997/03 AB - WITH DISCUSSION OF CHILD SAFETY SEATS. KW - Child restraint systems KW - General aviation aircraft KW - Safety KW - Seat belts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/564261 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00875647 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - DUNCAN, PHYLLIS ANNE TI - SEAPLANE SAFETY ISSUES (I). PY - 1997/03 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Seaplanes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/564253 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00875648 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - MATTISON, PATRICIA TI - OPERATIONS AT NONTOWERED AIRPORTS (I). PY - 1997/03 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aircraft pilotage KW - Airports KW - Navigation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/564254 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932836 AU - Gilliland, K AU - Schlegel, R E AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman TI - A LABORATORY MODEL OF READINESS-TO-PERFORM TESTING. I: LEARNING RATES AND RELIABILITY ANALYSES FOR CANDIDATE TESTING MEASURES PY - 1997/02 SP - 70 p. AB - The concept of Readiness-to-Perform (RTP) refers to that state in which a person is prepared and capable of performing a job for which that person is willingly disposed and is free of any transient risk factors. A study involving thirty-two subjects, five RTP tests, two work sample tasks, and three self-report measures was conducted to provide a basic laboratory investigation of the RTP testing concept. This report presents the objectives and methodology for the overall study, along with the analysis of data from the initial training phase of the study. Learning rate information for more than seventy task measures as well as information on the reliability of those measures is presented. Based on the learning curve analysis, it was determined that the customary initial high rate of learning was complete for most of the candidate RTP tasks by the tenth training session. A few tasks required additional sessions, but major learning effects for nearly all of these task measures did not exist beyond the second week of training. Even following five full weeks of experience, most task measures showed some continued improvement, with the rate of improvement determined by the complexity of the task. Test-retest correlation coefficients computed for various intervals throughout the study confirmed that the RTP tasks provided multiple, highly repeatable measures that were both reliable and stable over the latter four weeks of the study. Interpretations of findings with respect to performance assessment are provided within the framework of job performance and RTP testing. KW - Ability tests KW - Correlation analysis KW - Human subject testing KW - Learning KW - Methodology KW - Performance evaluations KW - Personnel performance KW - Readiness-to-perform KW - Reliability KW - Training KW - Validity UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am97-05.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724583 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932800 AU - Driskill, W E AU - Weissmuller, J J AU - Quebe, J AU - Hand, D K AU - Dittmar, M J AU - Hunter, D R AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Metrica, Incorporated TI - THE USE OF WEATHER INFORMATION IN AERONAUTICAL DECISION-MAKING PY - 1997/02 SP - 56 p. AB - This study investigates the worth functions pilots attribute to weather and terrain variables in making decisions about flight in a single-engine aircraft under visual flight rules. The research employed a scenario-based judgment task designed to elicit pilot worth functions for visibility, ceiling, precipitation, and terrain features (flight over flat terrain, mountainous terrain, and over water). Subjects were asked to consider a proposed cross-country flight over each of the three terrain conditions. They were then given a deck of cards describing various combinations of ceiling, visibility, and precipitation and asked to rank the cards in order of comfort with flying under the described conditions and then to assign a rating to each card using a scale of 0 (least comfortable) to 100 (most comfortable). For each subject a linear model was constructed using the comfort ratings as the dependent variable and the visibility, ceiling, and terrain values as the independent variables. A linear model was constructed for each subject for each of the terrain conditions. The regression weights associated with each terrain type were then subjected to hierarchical clustering to identify groups of weight sets differing significantly with respect to worth function emphasis. These clusters are characterized primarily by the average degree of comfort which the subjects expressed in flying under the conditions described, by the nature of their efficiency of utilization of information, and by demographic characteristics such as age and aircraft ownership. KW - Age KW - Air pilots KW - Ceilings KW - Cluster analysis KW - Comfort KW - Decision making KW - Demographics KW - Linear models KW - Mathematical models KW - Mountains KW - Ownership KW - Precipitation (Meteorology) KW - Regression analysis KW - Terrain KW - Variables KW - Visibility KW - Visual flight KW - Weather conditions KW - Weighting KW - Worth functions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724562 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932801 AU - Young, W C AU - Broach, D AU - Farmer, W L AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - THE EFFECTS OF VIDEO GAME EXPERIENCE ON COMPUTER-BASED AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER SPECIALIST, AIR TRAFFIC SCENARIO TEST SCORES PY - 1997/02 SP - 13 p. AB - The Federal Aviation Administration is currently using the Air Traffic Scenario Test (ATST) as a major portion of its selection process. Because the ATST is a PC-based application with a strong resemblance to a video game, concern has been raised that prior video game experience might have a moderating effect on scores. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incremental validity of prior video game experience over that of general aptitude as a predictor of work sample test scores. The Computer Use Survey was administered to 404 air traffic control students who entered the FAA ATCS Nonradar Screen. The resultant responses from this survey related to video games were summed and averaged to create the predictor. Three criterion measures were derived from the ATST: the overall error score, arrival delay and handoff delay. These measures were regressed on the cognitive aptitude measure that serves as the initial selection screening test and the predictor. Self-reported experience on video games was found to be significantly related to arrival delay and handoff delay, accounting for an additional 3.6% of the variance in arrival delay, and accounting for an additional 9% of the variance in handoff delay. The results suggested that those persons with video game experience were more efficient at hand-offs and routing aircraft. Future research is recommended to investigate the effect of prior video game experience on learning curves and strategies used in the work sample test. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Aptitude tests KW - Arrivals and departures KW - Computers KW - Handoff KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Routing KW - Selection and appointment KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - Video games KW - Work sample scores UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am97-04.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724563 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932799 AU - DeJohn, C A AU - Veronneau, SJH AU - Hordinksy, J R AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - INFLIGHT MEDICAL CARE: AN UPDATE PY - 1997/02 SP - 13 p. AB - A major concern in aviation medicine is the cabin inflight emergency that may result in the diversion of a flight. This paper reports on a survey of the status of inflight medical care aboard domestic US air carriers that was undertaken to determine the impact of current changes in the airline industry. Information for the years 1990 to 1993 was obtained from two airlines and two inflight medical care delivery companies, representing a total of nine major air carriers. The information was reviewed to determine which category of inflight medical emergency occurred most frequently and which category accounted for the greatest number of diversions. The trend in the frequency of diversions for medical reasons was also assessed. The impact of inflight medical advice was then evaluated by comparing the number of diversions that resulted in hospitalizations to the number that did not. Findings show that neurological, syncopal, and cardiac episodes respectively, were the most frequent categories of medical emergencies encountered inflight, while cardiac, neurological, and respiratory events accounted for the most diversions. However, obstetrical-gynecological, cardiac, and neurological cases had the greatest probability of diverting. The diversion rate, expressed as a ratio of diversions to emergencies or diversions to enplanements, remained fairly constant. It appeared that flight crews complied with medical advice in 700 of cases, and diversions resulted in hospital admissions 86% of the time. KW - Airlines KW - Aviation medicine KW - Cardiac disorder KW - Emergency medical services KW - Flight crews KW - Flight diversion KW - Hospitals KW - In transit passenger services KW - Medical treatment KW - Neurology KW - Respiratory system UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM97-02.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/13000/13200/13276/ADA322708.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724561 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00740430 AU - Sollenberger, R L AU - Stein, E S AU - Gromelski, S AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A BEHAVIORALLY BASED RATING FORM FOR ASSESSING AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER PERFORMANCE PY - 1997/02 SP - 60 p. AB - The evaluation of air traffic controller performance is a complex process. While there are standard forms in field use, there is currently no comprehensive system for reliable observer evaluation. This research involves the development of a new form along with a training package for use in research and possibly operational testing. The form consists of 24 rating scales. These scales focus on observable actions that trained air traffic control specialists could identify to make behaviorally based ratings. The study evaluates the reliability of the rating form by determining the consistency of ratings obtained from six observers who viewed videotapes of a previously recorded simulation study. The results indicated that most of the rating scales had reasonable inter-rater reliabilities ranging from r=.7 to r=.9. The study also identified the performance areas that were more difficult for observers to evaluate consistently, possibly due to misunderstanding rating criteria or overlooking critical controller actions. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Behavioral tests KW - Operational test and evaluation KW - Operations KW - Performance evaluations KW - Psychological tests KW - Ratings KW - Reliability KW - Test evaluation KW - Tests KW - Training KW - Training devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/573415 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00778651 AU - Klingle-Wilson, D AU - Isaminger, M AU - KEOHAN, C AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - REPORT ON PRODUCT PERFORMANCE FOR THE TERMINAL DOPPLER WEATHER RADARS (TDWRS) AT WASHINGTON NATIONAL AIRPORT AND MEMPHIS AND ORLANDO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS PY - 1997/01/29 SP - 48 p. AB - Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory is supporting the Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR) Program Office and Program Support Facility in the performance analysis of deployed TDWR systems, and resulting recommendations for system enhancements. This report, the first of a series, documents measured performance of the TDWR at Washington National Airport (DCA), Memphis International Airport (MEM) and Orlando International Airport (MCO). The report includes a description of the optimization procedure, using DCA as an example. For each site, the generation of clutter residue editing maps, the collection of base data and product data, and the assessment of the performance of the microburst and gust front detection algorithms are discussed. KW - Data collection KW - Doppler navigation KW - Gusts KW - Microbursts KW - Performance evaluations KW - Weather radar UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22200/22261/PB99172629.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/508639 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01103421 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Aviation Safety Data Accessibility Study Index PY - 1997/01/20 SP - v.p. AB - Recently there have been a number of proposals to make aviation safety data more available and accessible to consumers (Congress. Senate 1996). Some advocate the ranking of carriers based on safety--much as carriers receive rankings for on-time performance, lost baggage and other consumer complaints (GAO 1996). The FAA, in response to a request from Senators Wyden and Ford, has undertaken an effort to determine the best means of providing safety information to the public while ensuring the integrity of the aviation safety system. This paper reviews aviation safety data and measurement issues relevant for responding to these proposals, including the ranking of airlines by safety performance. In addition, the paper examines the more general subject of risk communication and how some non-aviation organizations have approached issues related to the release of information. The purpose of the paper is to identify options that may be available to FAA and others regarding the dissemination of aviation safety information. As such, the report makes no recommendations per se. KW - Airlines KW - Aviation safety KW - Communication KW - Crash data KW - Information dissemination KW - Measurement KW - Performance KW - Ranking (Statistics) KW - Risk assessment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/860293 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00868094 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - DUNCAN, PHYLLIS ANNE TI - FORMER ASTRONAUT NAMED FAA ASSOCIATE ADMINISTRATOR PY - 1997/01 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Administration KW - Air transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/556419 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00868093 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - HINSON, DAVID R TI - AN INTERVIEW WITH FAA ADMINISTRATOR DAVID R. HINSON PY - 1997/01 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Administration KW - Air transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/556418 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01099650 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Aviation System Indicators. 1996 Annual Report PY - 1997///Annual Report SP - 104p AB - This report presents Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)-developed aviation system and environmental indicators, which provide a comprehensive view of the national aviation system operation and environment through December 31, 1996. The indicators show trends and valuable information about the current status of system performance and show areas that have improved, remained the same, or may need improvement. This report contains data for 24 aviation system and 12 aviation environmental indicators. One additional system indicator is under development. The aviation system indicators reflect current and past system performance. They are classified as accident indicators, incident indicators, efficiency measures, compliance measures, and inspector activity measures. The aviation environmental indicators provide broadly based, future-oriented information about the environment in which the aviation system operates, and thus illustrate the potential demands on the aviation system. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Annual reports KW - Aviation KW - Incident management KW - Inspection KW - Systems UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19100/19134/PB2002104570.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/851852 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070827 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Southwest Regional Spaceport(SRS), Sierra and Doa· Ana counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1997///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Mexico UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830212 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070825 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Manchester Airport master plan update : environmental impact statement PY - 1997///Volumes held: Draft, Final(2v), Final Appendix, Record of Decision (B1) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Hampshire UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830210 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070823 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - JFK International Airport light rail system : environmental impact statement PY - 1997///Volumes held: Final(3v),Record of decision B1, Written reevaluation/technical report on changes to the proposed JFK airport access program B2 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New York (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830208 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070819 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - North Carolina Global TransPark (NCGTP) complex, airport layout plan approval, Kinston, Lenoir County : environmental impact statement PY - 1997///Volumes held: Draft(3v), Final(4v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830204 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070816 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Lambert-St. Louis International Airport improvements, St. Louis County : environmental impact statement PY - 1997///Volumes held: Draft(2v), F(3v), Fsum, References for draft B1, Errata B2, Draft general conformity determination B3, Section 303 and 6(f) evaluation B4, Section 106 documentation B5 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Missouri UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830201 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070809 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Kahului Airport master plan, Maui County : environmental impact statement PY - 1997///Volumes held: Draft(5v), Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Hawaii UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830194 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00972704 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FAA AVIATION FORECASTS, FISCAL YEARS 1997-2008 PY - 1997 SP - 234 p. AB - This report contains the Fiscal Years 1997-2008 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) forecasts of aviation activity at FAA facilities. These include airports with both FAA and contract control towers, air route traffic control centers, and flight service stations. Detailed forecasts were developed for the major users of the National Aviation System: air carriers, air/taxi commuters, general aviation, and military. The forecasts have been prepared to meet the budget and planning needs of the constituent units of the FAA and to provide information which can be used by State and local authorities, the aviation industry, and the general public. The outlook for the 12-year forecast period is for moderate economic growth, declining real fuel prices, and modest inflation. Based on the assumptions, aviation activity is forecast to increase by 17.0 percent at the combined FAA and contract towered airports (443 in 1996) and 24.6 percent at air route traffic control centers. The general aviation active fleet is forecast to increase by almost 8.4 percent while general aviation hours flown grows by almost 12.9 percent. U.S. scheduled domestic passenger enplanements are forecast to increase 661.3 percent-air carriers increasing 58 percent and regional/commuters growing by 85.9 percent. Total international passenger traffic between the United States and the rest of the world is project to increase 93.7 percent. International passenger traffic carried on U.S. flag carriers is forecast to increase 95.8 percent. KW - Aeronautics KW - Air traffic KW - Air traffic control KW - Air transportation KW - Air transportation facilities KW - Aircraft KW - Airports KW - Aviation KW - Economics KW - Forecasting KW - Passengers KW - Planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/13000/13200/13277/ADA322723.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/697276 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00900471 AU - KLINGLE-WILSON, D L AU - Isaminger, M AU - KEOHAN, C AU - Lincoln Laboratory AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - REPORT ON PRODUCT PERFORMANCE FOR THE TERMINAL DOPPLER WEATHER RADARS (TDWRS) AT WASHINGTON NATIONAL AIRPORT AND MEMPHIS AND ORLANDO INTERNATIONAL AIPORTS. PY - 1997 IS - PB99-172629 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Airports KW - Doppler radar KW - Evaluation KW - Meteorology KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/613179 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00780029 AU - Andersson, L AU - Statens Provingsanstalt, Polymerteknik AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - CONTAINER LASHING SN - 9178486807 PY - 1997 SP - 68 p. AB - The securing and lashing of containers on ship's decks is a difficult operation in terms of the work environment. There are great problems during loading and discharge of containers. Safety arrangements in some ports are poor and the work frequently has to be performed in the dark, under windy and rainy and sometimes icy conditions. Securing of containers is the responsibility of the ship's master, which can mean that there are large differences in the manner in which the operation is effected between individual vessels and shipping companies. Standardization of this equipment is important and must be carried out within the international standardization organization, ISO, in order to get the necessary international impact. A standardization project should comprise performance, design, construction, strength and use of all components used for securing of containers. This paper presents commonly used equipment, proposes test methods and gives advice for dimensions, tolerances and strength requirements. KW - Cargo handling KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Container handling KW - International Standards Organization KW - Lashing KW - Standards UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22200/22285/PB99174286.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/509144 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00896236 AU - Leigh Fisher Associates AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AIRPORT BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS UNDER FAA POLICY AND GUIDANCE.. PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Cost effeciveness KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Management KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/612568 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00896217 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - CRIMINAL ACTS AGAINST CIVIL AVIATION, 1997. PY - 1997 IS - ADA353920 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Crimes aboard aircraft KW - Hijacking KW - Skyjacking KW - Terrorism UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/612555 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00889656 AU - ANDERSON, JOHN H AU - U.S. General Accounting Office AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - AMTRAK AU - TESTIMONY TI - TRANSPORTATION FINANCING: CHALLENGES IN MEETING LONG-TERM FUNDING NEEDS FOR FAA, AMTRAK, AND THE NATION'S HIGHWAYS: STATEMENT OF JOHN H. ANDERSON, JR., DIRECTOR, TRANSPORTATION ISSUES, RESOURCES, COMMUNITY, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DIVISION, BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION, COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS, U.S. SENATE. T2 - CHALLENGES IN MEETING LONG-TERM FUNDING NEEDS FOR FAA, AMTRAK, AND THE NATION'S HIGHWAYS PY - 1997 IS - GAO/T-RCED-97-151 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Finance KW - Roads KW - Transportation KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/579752 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00763736 AU - Dimensions International, Incorporated TI - GENERAL AVIATION AND AIR TAXI ACTIVITY SURVEY. ANNUAL SUMMARY REPORT 1997 DATA PY - 1997 SP - 114 p. AB - This report presents the results of the annual General Aviation and Air Taxi Activity Survey. The survey is conducted by the FAA to obtain information on the activity of the United States registered general aviation and air taxi aircraft fleet. The report contains tabulations of active aircraft, annual flight hours, average flight hours and other statistics by aircraft type, state and region of based aircraft, and use. Also included are fuel consumption, lifetime airframe hours, engine hours, miles flown estimates, estimates of the number of landings, and IFR hours flown. KW - Air taxi service KW - Aircraft KW - Flight time KW - Fuel consumption KW - General aviation KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/497413 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00744706 AU - National Materials Advisory Board TI - AVIATION FUELS WITH IMPROVED FIRE SAFETY: A PROCEEDINGS SN - 0309058333 PY - 1997 SP - 157p AB - The purpose of the Workshop on Aviation Fuels with Improved Fire Safety was to review the current state of development, technological needs, and promising technology for the future development of aviation fuels that are more resistant to ignition during a crash. The Committee on Aviation Fuels with Improved Fire Safety, which included recognized experts in aviation fuels, propulsion systems, combustion and flammability, additive materials, and analysis methods, developed the workshop format and agenda and identified potential participants. Part I of the proceedings contains the workshop summary which describes the workshop discussions and presents ideas for research and development that workshop participants felt were needed to develop fuels with improved fire safety. Parts II through IV contain invited presentations grouped according to the following topics: (II) Fuel and Additive Technologies; (III) Aircraft Fuel System Requirements; and (IV) Characterizing Fuel Fires. U1 - Workshop on Aviation Fuels with Improved Fire SafetyNational Materials Advisory Board, National Research Council; Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, National Research Council; Federal Aviation Administration; and Department of Defense.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19961119 EndDate:19961120 Sponsors:National Materials Advisory Board, National Research Council; Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, National Research Council; Federal Aviation Administration; and Department of Defense. KW - Aviation fuels KW - Characteristics KW - Development KW - Fire prevention KW - Fires KW - Fuel additives KW - Fuel fires KW - Fuel systems KW - Fuels KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Needs assessment KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Safety KW - State of the art studies KW - Technological development KW - Technology KW - Technology assessment KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/475133 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00886336 AU - Fobes, J L AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - THREAT IMAGE PROJECTION USER GUIDES FOR FEDERAL SECURITY MANAGERS, SECURITY COMPANY MANAGERS AND CHECKPOINT SECURITY SUPERVISORS USING EG&G ASTROPHYSICS LINESCAN X-RAY MACHINES FINAL REPORT. PY - 1997 IS - PB98-126204 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Handbooks UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20400/20417/PB98126204.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/579136 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00886533 AU - PEISEN, DEBORAH J AU - FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, OFFICE OF COMMUNICATIONS, NAVIGATION AND SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS TI - SIX HELIPORT CASE STUDIES. PY - 1997 IS - PB98-119878 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Heliports KW - Planning KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/579196 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00886337 AU - NEIDERMAN, ERIC C AU - Fobes, J L AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - A COGNITIVE MODEL OF X-RAY SECURITY SCREENING SELECTION TESTS TO IDENTIFY APPLICANTS POSSESSING CORE APTITUDES. PY - 1997 IS - PB98-125735 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Baggage KW - Baggage handling KW - Security KW - Selection and appointment KW - Training KW - Training of UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20300/20381/PB98125735.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/579137 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00883821 AU - NEIDERMAN, ERIC C AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - TEST AND EVALUATION PLAN FOR AIRPORT DEMONSTRATION OF SELECTION TESTS FOR X-RAY OPERATORS FINAL REPORT. PY - 1997 IS - PB97-176457 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Baggage KW - Baggage handling KW - Security KW - Selection and appointment KW - Training KW - Training of UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/568176 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00883866 AU - FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, OFFICE OF COMMUNICATIONS, NAVIGATION AND SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS TI - AIRLINE OPERATIONAL CONTROL OVERVIEW. PY - 1997 IS - PB97-199863 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Airlines KW - Automation KW - Management KW - Personnel management KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/568195 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00883341 JO - PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS PB - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - MCMONIGLE, PATRICK K AU - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - CONRAIL. TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Surface Transportation Board AU - UNITED STATES. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION. TI - MOTOR CARRIER UPDATE. PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Laws and legislation KW - Rates KW - Safety KW - Trucking KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/571658 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00883355 JO - PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS PB - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - MOATES, G PAUL AU - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - CONRAIL. TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Surface Transportation Board AU - UNITED STATES. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION. TI - SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BOARD'S NEW PRACTICE AND PROCEDURES: RAIL RATES. PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Laws and legislation KW - Railroads KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/571671 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00883356 JO - PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS PB - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - GOLDSTEIN, ANDREW P AU - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - CONRAIL. TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Surface Transportation Board AU - UNITED STATES. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION. TI - LIFE AFTER THE ICC: SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BOARD NEW PRACTICE AND PROCEDURES. PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Railroad law KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/571672 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00883344 JO - PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS PB - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - COLEMAN, CHARLES L AU - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - CONRAIL. TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Surface Transportation Board AU - UNITED STATES. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION. TI - RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN MARITIME LAW. PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Maritime law KW - Shipping KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/571661 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00883352 JO - PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS PB - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - WALDMEIR, PETER W AU - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - CONRAIL. TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Surface Transportation Board AU - UNITED STATES. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION. TI - PREVENTING AND ADDRESSING CORPORATE, AND PERSONAL, LIABILITY FOR WORKPLACE SAFETY HAZARDS. PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Employers KW - Industrial safety KW - Laws and legislation KW - Liability KW - Michigan KW - Occupational safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/571668 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00883359 JO - PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS PB - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - RUHL, JOHN R AU - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - CONRAIL. TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Surface Transportation Board AU - UNITED STATES. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION. TI - MOTOR CARRIER INSURANCE POLICIES: WHAT YOU THINK YOU SEE MAY NOT BE WHAT YOU GET. PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Automobile insurance KW - Carriers KW - Laws and legislation KW - Trucking KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/571675 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00883363 JO - PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS PB - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - VOM EIGEN, ROBERT P AU - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - CONRAIL. TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Surface Transportation Board AU - UNITED STATES. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION. TI - THE ETHICS OF DISCOVERY: THE BALANCE BETWEEN ZEAL AND CANDOR, PROTECTION AND DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION IN SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BOARD RAIL PROCEEDINGS. PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Disclosure of information KW - Laws and legislation KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/571679 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00883350 JO - PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS PB - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - WOOD, FREDERIC L AU - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - CONRAIL. TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Surface Transportation Board AU - UNITED STATES. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION. TI - REVENUE ADEQUACY IN ACTION: THE CONRAIL CASE. PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Case studies KW - Railroads KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/571667 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00883353 JO - PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS PB - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - COBBS, LOUISE B AU - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - CONRAIL. TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Surface Transportation Board AU - UNITED STATES. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION. TI - THE AMERICAN DECISION: FEDERAL COURT RECOGNIZES AVIATION SAFETY DATA PRIVILEGE. PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Discovery (Law) KW - Laws and legislation KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/571669 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00883360 JO - PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS PB - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - KLAMM, LINDA E AU - SCHNEIDER, WALTER R AU - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - CONRAIL. TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Surface Transportation Board AU - UNITED STATES. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION. TI - AM I A CARRIER, AN INSURER OR BOTH?. PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Carriers KW - Insurance KW - Insurance, property KW - Liability KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/571676 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00883362 JO - PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS PB - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - WILSON, DENNIS W AU - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - CONRAIL. TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Surface Transportation Board AU - UNITED STATES. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION. TI - FEDERAL PREEMPTION ALLOWS PROMPT COMPLETION OF RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS. PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Federal conflict preemption (Law) KW - Policy KW - Railroads KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/571678 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00883449 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AMATEUR BUILT AIRCRAFT COURSE GUIDE. PY - 1997 IS - PB97-194187 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Airworthiness KW - Certification KW - Handbooks KW - Manuals KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/568104 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00883346 JO - PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS PB - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - GAFFNEY, MARK T AU - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - CONRAIL. TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Surface Transportation Board AU - UNITED STATES. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION. TI - THE LABOR PERSPECTIVE: NAFTA AND COMMON TRUCKING SAFETY CERTIFICATION. T2 - NAFTA AND COMMON TRUCKING SAFETY CERTIFICATION PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Collective bargaining KW - International borders KW - Safety KW - Trade-unions KW - Trucking KW - United States-Mexico Border UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/571663 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00883348 JO - PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS PB - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - JENKINS, ROBERT M AU - ROCKEY, CRAIG F AU - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - CONRAIL. TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Surface Transportation Board AU - UNITED STATES. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION. TI - REVENUE ADEQUACY: WHAT IS IT AND WHY DOES IT MATTER?. PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Finance KW - Railroads KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/571665 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00883364 JO - PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS PB - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - PAVLISIN, MICHAEL J AU - HORAN, SHEILA K AU - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - CONRAIL. TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Surface Transportation Board AU - UNITED STATES. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION. TI - SPOLIATION OF EVIDENCE: ISSUES FOR THE TRUCKING INDUSTRY. PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Evidence KW - Trucking KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/571680 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00883342 JO - PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS PB - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - MORENO, JEFFREY O AU - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - CONRAIL. TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Surface Transportation Board AU - UNITED STATES. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION. TI - RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE REGULATION OF RAIL TRANSPORTATION. PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Railroad law KW - Railroads KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/571659 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00883354 JO - PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS PB - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - SILVERBERG, ROBERT P AU - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - CONRAIL. TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Surface Transportation Board AU - UNITED STATES. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION. TI - FAA ENFORCEMENT IMMUNITY PROGRAMS. PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Laws and legislation KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/571670 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00883361 JO - PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS PB - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - KALISH, STEVEN J AU - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - CONRAIL. TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Surface Transportation Board AU - UNITED STATES. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION. TI - ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN PROCEEDINGS INVOLVING THE SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BOARD. PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Railroad law KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/571677 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00883357 JO - PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS PB - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - MACDOUGALL, GORDON P AU - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - CONRAIL. TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Surface Transportation Board AU - UNITED STATES. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION. TI - THE NEW ENVIRONMENT FOR THE ICC'S RULES OF PRACTICE. PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/571673 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00883358 JO - PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS PB - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - CHRISTIAN, BETTY JO AU - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - CONRAIL. TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Surface Transportation Board AU - UNITED STATES. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION. TI - THE SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BOARD'S NEW INFORMAL ARBITRATION PROCEDURES. PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Arbitration KW - Railroad law KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/571674 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00883347 JO - PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS PB - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - BRAVERMAN, STANLEY M AU - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - CONRAIL. TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Surface Transportation Board AU - UNITED STATES. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION. TI - NAFTA AND THE MOVE TOWARD A COMMON SAFETY CERTIFICATION. PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. KW - International borders KW - Safety KW - Trucking KW - United States-Mexico Border UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/571664 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00883349 JO - PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS PB - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - MCBRIDE, MICHAEL F AU - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - CONRAIL. TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Surface Transportation Board AU - UNITED STATES. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION. TI - THE PROBLEMS WITH THE SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BOARD'S RAILROAD REVENUE ADEQUACY STANDARDS: "GIVE THE EXERCISE THE BURIAL, DECENT OR OTHERWISE, THAT IS HAS RICHLY EARNED" (DR. ALFRED E. KAHN). PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Evaluation KW - Railroads KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/571666 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00883365 JO - PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS PB - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - DREILING, ROBERT K AU - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - CONRAIL. TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Surface Transportation Board AU - UNITED STATES. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION. TI - ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN DISCOVERY PRACTICES IN STB PROCEEDINGS: DOCUMENT PRODUCTION AND INSPECTION. PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Discovery (Law) KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/571681 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00883343 JO - PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS PB - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - PAWLUCH, CATHERINE A AU - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - CONRAIL. TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Surface Transportation Board AU - UNITED STATES. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION. TI - WHAT'S NEW TODAY IN TRANSPORTATION: CANADIAN DEVELOPMENTS. PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Canada KW - Laws and legislation KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/571660 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00883345 JO - PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS PB - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - HASSE, ANN FINGARETTE AU - TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - CONRAIL. TRANSPORTATION LAW INSTITUTE. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Surface Transportation Board AU - UNITED STATES. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION. TI - UPDATE ON THIRD PARTY LOGISTICS. PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Logistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/571662 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00881828 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AIR TRAFFIC QUALITY ASSURANCE.. PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Air traffic control KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Quality assurance KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/568042 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00881924 AU - Chaturvedi, Arvind K AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - SMOKE!. PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aircraft cabins KW - Combustion KW - Combustion gases KW - Fires KW - Prevention KW - Smoke KW - Smoke prevention KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/568049 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00882112 AU - U.S. General Accounting Office AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AVIATION SAFETY: FAA OVERSIGHT OF REPAIR STATIONS NEEDS IMPROVEMENT: REPORT TO CONGRESSIONAL REQUESTERS. T2 - FAA OVERSIGHT OF REPAIR STATIONS NEEDS IMPROVEMENT PY - 1997 IS - 159607 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Airplanes KW - Policy KW - Safety KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/568074 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00881892 AU - BURNHAM, DAVID C AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - UNITED STATES EXPERIENCE USING FORWARD SCATTERMETERS FOR RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE. PY - 1997 IS - PB97-163646 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airport runways KW - Airports KW - Instrument landing systems KW - Landing aids KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/568045 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00881781 AU - UNITED STATES. SUBCOMMITTEE ON TECHNOLOGY. FOR SALE BY THE U.S. G.P.O., SUPT. OF DOCS., CONGRESSIONAL SALES OFFICE AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION RESEARCH, ENGINEERING, AND DEVELOPMENT AUTHORIZATION: HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SUBCOMMITTEE ON TECHNOLOGY, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, ONE HUNDRED FIFTH CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION, MARCH 13, 1997.. SN - 0160553555 PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Laws and legislation KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/568023 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00881776 AU - UNITED STATES. SUBCOMMITTEE ON AVIATION. FOR SALE BY THE U.S. G.P.O., SUPT. OF DOCS., CONGRESSIONAL SALES OFFICE AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - REVIEW OF COOPER I.E. COOPERS AND LYBRAND INDEPENDENT FINANCIAL ASSESSMENT OF THE FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION: HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON AVIATION OF THE COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, ONE HUNDRED FIFTH CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION, MARCH 20, 1997.. T2 - REVIEW OF COOPERS AND LYBRAND INDEPENDENT FINANCIAL ASSESSMENT OF THE FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION SN - 0160554845 PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/568018 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00881780 AU - UNITED STATES. EMPLOYMENT, HOUSING, AND AVIATION SUBCOMMITTEE. FOR SALE BY THE U.S. G.P.O., SUPT. OF DOCS., CONGRESSIONAL SALES OFFICE AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FREE FLIGHT: FAA STYMIED BY HIGH-TECH ADVANCES: HEARING BEFORE THE EMPLOYMENT, HOUSING, AND AVIATION SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, ONE HUNDRED THIRD CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION, AUGUST 9, 1994.. T2 - FREE FLIGHT: FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION STYMIED BY HIGH-TECH ADVANCES SN - 0160554780 PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Air transportation KW - Air travel KW - Policy KW - Technological innovations KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/568022 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932871 AU - Nakagawara, V B AU - Wood, K J AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - THE USE OF TASK-SPECIFIC LENSES BY PRESBYOPIC AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS AT THE EN ROUTE RADAR CONSOLE PY - 1996/12 SP - 23 p. AB - The configuration of the radar console to control aircraft traffic has similar features to a visual display terminal (VDT) work station. Task-specific lenses have been found in clinical studies to reduce visual symptoms while working at the VDT. The American Optical Corporation TruVision Technica(TM), a task-specific lens design, was evaluated to see if visual benefits from such a lens could be transferred from the VDT environment to the radar console work environment. Presbyopic air traffic control specialists (ATCSs) were fitted with two prescription spectacles, using their current and Technica lens designs, in similar ophthalmic frames. Each ATCS used both lens designs at the radar console and provided subjective evaluations of their appropriateness in that environment. Thirteen subjects (36-55 years old) completed the study. Subjects who used larger near viewing area (single vision and executive) lens designs generally preferred their current lens design. The Technica was preferred by mature presbyopes (add power of equal to or greater than 1.25 diopters) and those using smaller near viewing area (FT-25, FT-28 and general progressive addition) lens designs. The primary complaints reported by ATCSs with the Technica were peripheral distortion and limited field of view. Task-specific lens designs are an alternative for presbyopic ATCS who work at a radar console. However, distortion and limited field of view from the lens may require prolonged adaptation times before such designs are acceptable to ATCS on the job, especially for those accustomed to lens designs with larger viewing areas. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Control consoles KW - Distortion (Optics) KW - Enroute traffic control KW - Eyeglasses KW - Field of vision KW - Lenses (Optics) KW - Peripheral vision KW - Presbyopia KW - Radar displays KW - TruVision Technica (Optics lens) KW - Vision disorders KW - Visual display units (Computers) UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am96-27.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724611 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00738587 AU - Shapiro, P S AU - Katzman, M G AU - Hughes, W E AU - Bellomo-McGee, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - INTERMODAL GROUND ACCESS TO AIRPORTS: A PLANNING GUIDE PY - 1996/12 SP - 227 p. AB - This guide is designed for use by airport, state, local, and metropolitan planners to manage and plan for intermodal ground access for all types of airports. It identifies key components of an airport access work program and contains detailed sections on airport groundside access planning methods, including data collection methods and analysis, survey strategies, identification of current travel patterns and emerging trends, forecasting techniques, estimating modal split, evaluation of alternatives, and implementation. The guide focuses on providing passengers access to commercial airports from primary origins or destinations. It deals with: off-airport roads, transit and HOV facilities up to airport boundary; and on-airport roads, parking circulation elements, transit and curb facilities up to the terminal entrance. Guidance for conducting passenger origin-destination surveys is included. Sample questionnaires for various types of surveys are included in the appendices. This guide compiles information from other sources and presents this information so that it can be used to systematically analyze airport access problems and alternative solutions. KW - Airport access KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Ground transportation KW - Intermodal services KW - Origin and destination UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/572698 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00927326 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FAA ALLEGED WASTE AND MISMANAGEMENT OF AIR ROUTE TRAFFIC CONTROL CENTERS CRITICAL AND ESSENTIAL POWER SYSTEMS PROJECT PY - 1996/10/16 SP - 22 p. AB - This report responds to a complaint received by the Office of Inspector General, Department of Transportation, from Congressman Deal on behalf of a constituent. The constituent provided information and specific examples concerning problems on the first two Air Route Traffic Control Centers Critical and Essential Power Systems installation sites: the Seattle, Washington, Air Route Traffic Control Center; and the Southern California Terminal Radar Approach Control in San Diego, The constituent alleges FAA failed to provide adequate oversight of design specifications, test procedures, and overtime and warehouse costs, resulting in unnecessary delays and costs. KW - Air route traffic control centers KW - Air traffic control KW - Cost control KW - Oversight KW - Radar air traffic control KW - Terminal air traffic control KW - Test procedures UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/1000/1800/1839/e5-fa-7-003.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19000/19052/PB2002104319.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/718546 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00927327 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, OFFICE OF SYSTEM CAPACITY AND REQUIREMENTS. CAPACITY INITIATIVES, VOLUME 2 PY - 1996/10/16 SP - 20 p. AB - One of the major challenges facing aviation industry in recent years has been the increase in the number and duration of flight delays. Aviation experts have been seeking ways to keep pace with increasing operational demand while minimizing delays that can quickly have a domino effect throughout the national airport and airspace system. While substantial increases in capacity can best be achieved through construction of new airports and new runways by existing airports, programs of this type will require extensive long term planning. In an effort to meet the increasing demands on the airport and airspace system, FAA has initiated capacity enhancement programs designed to provide additional capacity at existing airports while maintaining or improving the current level of safety in aircraft separation. KW - Airport capacity KW - Airports KW - Airspace utilization KW - Airways KW - Aviation KW - Aviation safety KW - Capacity restraint UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/000/500/560/ntci2.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19100/19111/PB2002104526.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/718547 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932869 AU - Veronneau, SJH AU - Mohler, S R AU - Pennybaker, A L AU - Wilcox, B C AU - Sahiar, F AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Wright State University TI - SURVIVAL AT HIGH ALTITUDES: WHEEL-WELL PASSENGERS PY - 1996/10 SP - 7 p. AB - Ten specific "wheel-well" passenger stowaway flights (the wheel-well area was entered just before takeoff) are documented in the New York Times, covering the period 1947 to 1993. Five stowaways survived flights encompassing altitudes as high as 39,000 feet, with six dying in the process (one flight had two stowaways: one fatal, one surviving). Three Douglas DC-8 and four Boeing 707 aircraft, plus a Caravelle, an unknown jet, and a piston airliner were utilized. Several of the wheel well flight stowaways were reported to be politically motivated to attempt these international flights. This paper describes the unpressurized flight environment and the physiology that enabled human survival under conditions of extreme hypoxia and cold (inducing a virtual "hibernative" state). It is likely that similar attempts will continue, and alert airport security preventive measures are indicated. KW - Aircraft KW - Altitude KW - Fatalities KW - Hypothermia KW - Hypoxia KW - International travel KW - Low temperature KW - Passengers KW - Physiology KW - Pressure KW - Security KW - Stowaways KW - Survival UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am96-25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724609 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932870 AU - Prinzo, O V AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF APPROACH CONTROL/PILOT VOICE COMMUNICATIONS PY - 1996/10 SP - 41 p. AB - This report consists of an analysis of air traffic control and pilot voice communications that occurred at 3 terminal air traffic control facilities (TRACONs). Each transmission was parsed into communication elements. Each communication element was assigned to a speech act category (e.g., address, instruction, request, advisory) and aviation topic (e.g., heading, altitude, speed, readback) and evaluated using the aviation topic-speech act taxonomy. A total of 12,200 communication elements in 4,500 transmissions make up the database. Communication elements appeared most frequently in the address and instruction speech act categories. Of the 2,500 controller communication elements, 40% contained at least 1 communication error. The number and types of communication errors located within each speech act category were determined and separate communication error analyses are reported for pilots and controllers by TRACON facility. Of the 5,900 pilot communication elements, 59% contained at least 1 communication error. More than 50% of controllers' and pilots' communication errors occurred in the instruction speech act category. Generally, controllers omitted key words that pertained to radio frequency, airspeed, or approach/departure instructions. Pilots only partially read back instructions involving heading, radio frequency, and airspeed aviation topics and grouped the numbers in a radio frequency, airspeed, or heading. Omitting and grouping numbers in transmissions may be strategies used to minimize time on frequency. Ironically, these strategies may create the problems that pilots and controllers are tying to prevent. Frequency congestion may occur from additional transmissions that are made to resolve ambiguities or repair misunderstandings due to incomplete transmissions. KW - Air pilots KW - Air traffic control facilities KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Approach control KW - Communications KW - Databases KW - Errors KW - Messages (Communications) KW - Taxonomy KW - Transmission KW - Voice communication UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am96-26.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724610 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00738575 AU - Wright, M AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Battelle Memorial Institute TI - GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM: A GUIDE FOR THE APPROVAL OF GPS RECEIVER INSTALLATION AND OPERATION PY - 1996/10 SP - 351 p. AB - The guide is designed to assist FAA Aviation Safety Inspectors (ASIs) in their evaluation of Global Positioning Systems (GPS) installations and operations. Chapter 1 of this document is an introduction to GPS. Chapter 2 of the document provides a description of the general GPS approval process and a flow diagram displaying the steps in both the airworthiness and the operations approval process. Chapter 2 also describes the major differences between the different types of GPS approvals. Chapter 3 contains the procedures and checklists required for performing GPS airworthiness approvals. Chapter 3 provides the information needed for determining when a field approval is possible. A detailed description of the process required for field approval, including checklists for each of the major phases of the approval process, is also provided. Chapter 4 contains procedures and checklists for performing GPS operations approvals. General operations requirements are listed for all operators using GPS. Finally, relevant excerpts from FAA Orders and Advisory Circulars are also provided. KW - Airworthiness KW - Aviation safety KW - Field tests KW - Global Positioning System KW - Management KW - Operations management UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33600/33638/DOT-VNTSC-FAA-96-18.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/572688 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932867 AU - Della Rocco, P S AU - Cruz, C E AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - SHIFT WORK, AGE, AND PERFORMANCE: INVESTIGATION OF THE 2-2-1 SHIFT SCHEDULE USED IN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL FACILITIES II. LABORATORY PERFORMANCE MEASURES PY - 1996/09 SP - 60 p. AB - Many air traffic control specialists (ATCSs) work a counterclockwise rotating shift schedule, called the "2-2-1". The 2-2-1 involves rotating from two afternoon shifts to two mornings, and finally, to a midnight shift over the course of one work week. This study investigates the effects in two different age groups of working the 2-2-1 schedule, as compared to a straight day schedule, on measures of complex task performance in a laboratory-based synthetic work environment. It was hypothesized that the counterclockwise rotations would result in performance decrements over the course of the 2-2-1 week. Four groups of five subjects between the ages of 30 to 35 and 50 to 55 participated in the four-week study. Subjects were screened on medical and cognitive criteria. The Multiple Task Performance Battery (MTPB) was utilized to provide a motivating synthetic work environment. Subjects worked three 2-hour sessions on the MTPB per eight-hour day for three weeks of a four-week protocol. During the second and fourth weeks, subjects worked day shifts. During the third week, subjects worked the 2-2-1 schedule. Performance measures were analyzed for each of the five tasks in the MTPB. Composite scores were also computed. Significant performance decrements were observed primarily on the night shift for both age groups. The older group demonstrated decrements in accuracy of recall on the code lock task following both rapid rotations during the 2-2-1 schedule. The hypothesis that the rapid, counterclockwise rotations would result in performance decrements was partially supported. Data suggest that initial interventions should be directed toward maintaining alertness and performance on the night shift. KW - Accuracy KW - Age groups KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Alertness KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Laboratory studies KW - Night shifts KW - Personnel performance KW - Schedules KW - Shifts KW - Task analysis KW - Work environment UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM96-23.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724607 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932868 AU - Bailey, L L AU - Shaw, R V AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FLIGHT INSPECTION CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TRAINING NEEDS ANALYSIS PY - 1996/09 SP - 17 p. AB - On October 26, 1993, there was a fatal crash of a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) flight inspection aircraft. During the accident investigation, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) cited ineffective crew resource management (CRM) as one of the causal factors and recommended CRM training for flight inspection aircrews. As part of the FAA's response to the NTSB recommendation, a CRM training needs analysis was conducted. Cluster analytic results of the identified training needs suggested three categories affecting crew performance: (1) technical skills, (2) crew coordination skills, and (3) the organization context in which flight inspection crews perform. Implications for CRM awareness training are discussed. The purpose of this report is to document the flight inspection CRM training needs that emerged from the analyses and to recommend steps for developing a flight inspection CRM training program. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Aviation safety KW - Cluster analysis KW - Coordination KW - Crash causes KW - Crew resource management KW - Flight crews KW - Inspection KW - Needs assessment KW - Personnel performance KW - Specialized training KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - U.S. National Transportation Safety Board UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am96-24.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724608 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00738574 AU - Ozmore, R E AU - Morrow, S L AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF DUAL SIMULTANEOUS INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM APPROACHES TO RUNWAYS SPACED 3000 FEET APART WITH ONE LOCALIZER OFFSET USING A PRECISION RUNWAY MONITOR SYSTEM PY - 1996/09 SP - 159 p. AB - A real time simulation was conducted to evaluate simultaneous ILS approaches to two runways spaced 3000 ft (914 m) apart with one localizer offset by 2.5 degrees. Air traffic controllers monitored traffic using a simulated Precision Runway Monitor (PRM) system which consisted of Final Monitor Aid (FMA) displays and a simulated radar update rate of 1.0 second. Aircraft blunders were introduced to test the air traffic control system ability to maintain adequate separation between aircraft on final approaches during critical situations using the proposed runway configuration. 4 criteria were developed by the Multiple Parallel Approach Program (MPAP) Technical Work Group to evaluate the study: 1) the number of Test Criterion Violations (TCVs) relative to the total number of at-risk, non-responding blunders, and relative to a predetermined target level of safety of no more than one fatal accident per 25,000,000 approaches; 2) the frequency of No Transgression Zone (NTZ) entries and nuisance breakouts (NBOs); 3) an evaluation of controller communications workload; and 4) an operational assessment from MPAD TWG members and participating controller and pilot technical observers. KW - Air traffic control KW - Airline pilots KW - Airport runways KW - Approach KW - Final approach KW - Flight training KW - Instrument landing systems KW - Pilot training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/572687 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00736530 AU - Tapscott, R AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - HALON REPLACEMENT OPTIONS FOR USE IN AIRCRAFT FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS PY - 1996/09 SP - 65 p. AB - This report contains a summary of available fire suppression agents, their properties, and applicability in the various aircraft applications. Classes of agents, with presently available agents listed, are recommended for use in the development of test protocols. The test protocol developed by a class of agents can be used, with minor modifications, to test all agents belonging to that class. KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft fires KW - Fire extinguishing agents KW - Fire fighting KW - Fire suppression systems KW - Fires UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/478885 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00736479 AU - Cormier, S AU - Fobes, J L AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - TEST AND EVALUATION PLAN OF COMPUTER-BASED TRAINING FOR THE CTX 5000 EXPLOSIVES DETECTION SYSTEM PY - 1996/09 SP - 43 p. AB - This test and evaluation plan evaluates the effectiveness of computer-based training (CBT) as an element of a Screener Proficiency Evaluation and Reporting System (SPEARS) for checked baggage screening with the CTX 5000. The CTX 5000 combines computed tomography imaging and automated detection of explosives. Alarm resolution with this complex system requires that screeners learn to skillfully discriminate system false alarms from system-identified true threats. Testing is designed to determine the effectiveness of the CBT to meet the critical operational and technical issues described in this plan. The testing will be conducted at airports where the CTX 5000 system is currently located. KW - Baggage KW - Baggage handling KW - Detection systems KW - Detectors KW - Explosives KW - Explosives detectors KW - False alarms KW - False alarms (Security) KW - Image processing KW - Screenings KW - Test and evaluation KW - Tests KW - Training programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/478864 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00736478 AU - Cormier, S AU - Fobes, J L AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - TEST AND EVALUATION PLAN FOR THREAT IMAGE PROJECTION WITH THE CTX 5000 EXPLOSIVES DETECTION SYSTEM PY - 1996/09 SP - 75 p. AB - The effectiveness of Threat Image Projection (TIP) as an element of the Screener Proficiency Evaluation and Reporting System (SPEARS) for checked baggage screening with the CTX 5000 is evaluated. The CTX 5000 combines computed tomographic imaging and automated detection of explosives. This complex system requires that screeners learn to skillfully discriminate innocent bags that cause the system to alarm from genuine threats. Testing is designed to determine the effectiveness of TIP in meeting the critical operational issues described in this plan. Specifically, is TIP effective in improving and maintaining screener performance in the detection of improvised explosive devices? Can the performance of individual screeners be monitored effectively with TIP? The testing will be conducted at airports where the CTX 5000 system is currently located. KW - Aviation safety KW - Detection systems KW - Detectors KW - Explosives KW - Explosives detectors KW - Image processing KW - Screenings KW - Security UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/478863 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00736450 AU - Nadler, E AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF AN OUT-OF-THE WINDOW AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER SIMULATION FOR CONTROLLER TRAINING PY - 1996/09 SP - 52 p. AB - This study gathered evidence concerning the potential usefulness of out-of-the-window air traffic control tower simulation for training tower controllers. Data were collected from all ten developmental controllers who completed simulation training at Chicago O'Hare International Airport during 1994. The simulation included one controller position, outbound ground control. An out-of-the-window view was projected on three visual displays which approximated the size of actual tower windows. Aircraft were representative of O'Hare, and appeared to move in three dimensions on the displays. The simulation could display the entire airport, but only 135 degrees could be seen at a time and no inbound aircraft were simulated. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Automation KW - Control systems automation KW - Simulation KW - Training programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/478845 ER - TY - SER AN - 00863381 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - DUNCAN, PHYLLIS-ANNE TI - FAA CHANGES FOR A "DYNAMIC INDUSTRY". PY - 1996/09 AB - CHANGES IN INSPECTION POLICIES FOLLOWING VALUJET ACCIDENT MAY 11; RESIGNATION OF ANTHONY J. BRODERICK AS ASSOCIATE ADMINISTRATOR FOR REGULATION AND CERTIFICATION. KW - Administration KW - Air transportation KW - Airplanes KW - Inspection UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/629231 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932866 AU - Prinzo, O V AU - Maclin, O AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AVIATION TOPICS SPEECH ACTS TAXONOMY (ATSAT) PC USER'S GUIDE VERSION 2.0 PY - 1996/08 SP - 22 p. AB - Aviation Topics Speech Acts Taxonomy (ATSAT) pc is a Windows-based software program designed to facilitate posting of transcribed voice communications data into a pre-defined electronic spreadsheet. The steps involved in processing air traffic control communications using ATSATpc coincide with the steps that must be followed when manually encoding communications according to the procedures outlined in Development of a Coding Form for Approach Control/Pilot Voice Communications (Prinzo, Britton, & Hendrix, 1995). KW - Air pilots KW - Air traffic control KW - Approach control KW - Coding systems KW - Communications KW - Data collection KW - Personal computers KW - Software packages KW - Spreadsheets KW - Taxonomy KW - Transmission KW - Voice communication UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am96-20.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724606 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00743939 AU - Cerino, A AU - CIE Engineering, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AIRPORT RF ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT AT THE JOHN F. KENNEDY INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, JAMAICA, NY PY - 1996/08 SP - 146 p. AB - The purpose of the JFK International AIrport RF Assessment is to collect data to support decision making regarding EDS communications systenms and Baggage Tag Systems operating at domestic and international airports. Data was collected in three key areas: baggage staging areas, flight lines, and within the baggage compartments of operational aircraft. The goal is to determine if any emissions are present that could possibly interfere with the implementation of an EDS or RF Baggage Tag System, or if signals utilized by these systems could interfere with normal aircraft and airport RF systems. The data collected at both TWA and Delta domestic terminals and the analysis of that data indicate substantial RFI/EMI in particular frequency bands throughout the 2 MHz to 2.8 GHz spectrum monitored. KW - Air quality management KW - Baggage KW - Baggage handling KW - Communication systems KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental quality UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/471924 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00736482 AU - Bagot, K W AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - DUAL-COLORED DECLARED DISTANCE LIGHTING FIXTURE EVALUATION PY - 1996/08 SP - 55 p. AB - Several dual color (red/blue) edge lighting configurations used to define the pre-threshold and post-runway end segments of declared distance runways were evaluated at four different airports. At three airports, Binghamton Regional Airport, Baltimore-Washington Airport, and Atlantic City International Airport, the lighting configurations were in accordance with the FAA Great Lakes Region policy and procedures memorandum entitled Guidance on Declared Distance Standards. An additional test installation at the Millville Municipal Airport (MIV), New Jersey, permitted the evaluation of different color configurations to designate areas restricted to taxi only; takeoff but no landing; and rollout only maneuvers. FAA test pilots and visual guidance project personnel (also pilots) conducted flight and ground taxi testing using B-727 and Convair 580 type aircraft to evaluate the operational limitations for each runway segment. The tests were also intended to determine the most appropriate location for red color runway end lights and the suitability of available dual-color edge lights components for this use. Evaluators were briefed prior to each test session and completed postflight questionnaires. This report describes the conduct of the evaluation and provides detailed results, conclusions, and recommendations. KW - Airport runways KW - Color configuration KW - Edge lines KW - Light signals KW - Navigation lights KW - Signals KW - Visual signals UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/478867 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00736476 AU - Collins, W E AU - Dollar, C S AU - Civil Aeromedical Institute AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FATAL GENERAL AVIATION ACCIDENTS INVOLVING SPATIAL DISORIENTATION: 1976-1992 PY - 1996/08 SP - 15 p. AB - The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) analyzes circumstances and data from general aviation accidents and ascribes one or more causes and/or related factors to help explain each accident. The present study was undertaken to a) provide information regarding the circumstances surrounding fatal general aviation accidents involving spatial disorientation, and b) define demographic and behavioral characteristics of the spatially disoriented pilot. Computer retrievals of NTSB brief reports of all spatial disorientation accidents from 1976-92 were analyzed in terms of age and experience of pilots, actions of pilots, night or day, weather, and other conditions. The computer search yielded 1,022 reports of spatial disorientation accidents, which for the 17-year period, resulted in 2,355 fatalities. Related causes and circumstances associated with the accidents were analyzed and categorized. The frequency of spatial disorientation accidents during 1976-92 peaked at 97 fatal accidents in 1977 and generally declined thereafter. The proportion of involved pilots who held an instrument rating doubled when comparing 1976-83 to 1984-92, over 70% of the accidents were associated with instrument meteorological conditions, and about half of the accidents occurred at night. The proportion of fatal general aviation accidents associated with spatial disorientation has declined significantly since an earlier study (1970-75). KW - Air traffic control KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Aviation safety KW - Crash causes KW - Fatalities KW - General aviation KW - Perception KW - Spatial disorientation UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am96-21.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/478861 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01111514 AU - Tardif, Robert AU - Beauchemin, Maryse AU - Zwack, Peter AU - Keller, John L AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - The COBEL Model as Part of a Terminal-Area Ceiling and Visibility (C and V) Nowcast System: A Progress Report. PY - 1996/07/18 SP - 60p AB - The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Integrated Terminal Weather System (ITWS) is supporting the development of products aimed at providing automated guidance to the air traffic managers for the anticipation of changes in ceiling and visibility (C&V) conditions and wake vortex behavior in the terminal area. The COde Brouillard Eau Liquide (COBEL) column model is being investigated for potential use within the ITWS. This one-dimensional numerical model has been developed for the short-term prediction of fog events in the north of France. This report describes initial progress in adapting the COBEL model to a wider range of meteorological conditions. A parameterization of surface frost deposition was implemented and a slight error in the computation of stability in a saturated atmosphere was corrected. Tests suggest that these modifications represent important features of the newest version of the COBEL model. Other significant modifications to the COBEL model were performed. Pressure tendencies and vertical motion (vertial advection) were implemented as additional external forcings to the column model. Sensitivity tests show that these forcings play important roles in determining the onset, evolution and dissipation of low stratiform clouds. Some further applications of the model are briefly discussed and future development efforts are suggested. KW - Air traffic control KW - Ceiling (Meteorology) KW - Clouds KW - Fog KW - Meteorology KW - Model atmosphere KW - Visibility KW - Weather conditions KW - Weather forecasting UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22200/22227/PB99169351.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/871004 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01518846 AU - Bandon, C AU - Blasier, J AU - Bouchard, F AU - Capezzuto, V AU - Coyne, F AU - Franck, C AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Low-Cost ASDE Evaluation Report: Raytheon Marine (Phase I) Radar at MKE (ARPA M3450/18CPX-19), Volume I PY - 1996/07//Final Report SP - 199p AB - The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has identified the Airport Surface Detection Equipment (ASDE) as a radar system that aids air traffic controllers in low visibility conditions to detect surface radar targets and sequence aircraft movement on active runways. Though 35 major United States airports will have an ASDE-3 by the year 2000, its high cost precludes its use at hundreds of smaller airports; for them, low-cost commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) radar ('ASDE-X') shows promise as a controllers' aid in monitoring surface traffic and as a second sensor input to counteract shadowing, blanking and multipath problems. The FAA tasked the Volpe Center to evaluate Raytheon Marine's ASDE-X. The Phase I evaluation was made with Raytheon's Model ARPA M3450/18CPX-19, a COTS radar with options added to adapt performance to the airport environment. This report details the characteristics, installation, and evaluation of this system at Milwaukee's General Mitchell International Airport (MKE). (Phase II will more closely approximate ASDE-3 functionality.) Test results show that, in low-visibility conditions, the system enhanced controllers' situational awareness, detected and displayed targets, aided movement area clearance, and enabled confirmation of pilots' reported positions and compliance with instructions. The ASDE-X's positive initial acceptance and low cost ($100k versus ASDE-3's $6m) make it potentially a good choice for small airports seeking effective ground surveillance radar. KW - Air traffic control KW - Airport surface traffic control KW - Airports KW - Evaluation KW - General Mitchell International Airport KW - Radar KW - United States KW - Visibility distance UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/50000/50500/50534/ADA315034.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290292 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01100711 AU - Olson, Richard R AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - General Aviation Data Link Survey Analysis: Flight Schools PY - 1996/07//Technical Report SP - 30p AB - The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is interested in integrating Data Link communications technology into the General Aviation (GA) community. But, how much does the GA community know about the Data Link concept, the services that are possible, and the advantages of Data Link. This report contains an analysis of a survey that was conducted at five Part 141 Flight Schools. KW - Air traffic control KW - Aviation KW - Civil aviation KW - Data collection KW - Data link KW - Flight training KW - General aviation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19100/19141/PB2002104583.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/860093 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932865 AU - Kirkbride, L A AU - Jensen, R S AU - Chubb, G P AU - Hunter, D R AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Ohio State University, Columbus TI - DEVELOPING THE PERSONAL MINIMUMS TOOL FOR MANAGING RISK DURING PREFLIGHT GO/NO-GO DECISIONS PY - 1996/07 SP - 29 p. AB - This report describes the preliminary design of a structured method for pilots to construct personal minimums related to safety for use during preflight decision making. The design uses a three-step process by which individual pilots prepare personal minimums that apply to the scope of their routine flight activities. The approach encourages voluntary compliance with the self-generated personal minimums guidelines prepared in checklist form. KW - Air pilots KW - Aircraft pilotage KW - Aviation safety KW - Decision making KW - Personal minimums tool KW - Risk management KW - Takeoff UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am96-19.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724605 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00736484 AU - Benner, W AU - Carty, T AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - NEW GENERATION RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (RVR) FINAL OPERATIONAL TEST AND EVALUATION REPORT: VOLUME I PY - 1996/07 SP - 63 p. AB - This report summarizes Operational Test and Evaluation (OTE) activities for the New Generation Runway Visual Range (RVR) system. Testing consisted of an initial OTE, 7 individual retests and several specialized tests. This document summarizes results of the 7 retests as well as the specialized tests conducted from August 1992 through June 1994. The purpose and intent of OTE was to verify RVR National Airspace Requirements (NAS) and to verify the operational effectiveness and suitability of the RVR within the NAS environment. At the completion of the retest and specialized test efforts results indicated that the most significant sensor and system problems had been resolved via permanent design changes as well as interim 'work-arounds'. It was recommended that the RVR system be deployed nationally under the following conditions: a) Additional data be obtained indicating RVR performance during Category lllb visibility; and b) Problems currently having interim work-around solutions be resolved with permanent corrections. This volume contains a summary of the retest and specialized tests performed during the aforementioned period. Volume 2 (AD-A315 944-9WTS) contains appendices A through G referenced in Volume 1; Volume 3 (AD-A315 943-1WTS) contains appendices H through K referenced in Volume 1. KW - Airport runways KW - Navigation KW - Operational test and evaluation KW - Operations KW - Runway visual range KW - System design KW - Visibility KW - Visual navigation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/478869 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00778652 AU - Clark, D A AU - Wilson, F W AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - MARINE STRATUS INITIATIVE AT SAN FRANCISCO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT PY - 1996/06/25 SP - 60 p. AB - San Francisco International Airport is one of the busiest airports in the United States and one of the highest delay airports in terms of total aircraft delay hours and number of imposed air traffic delay programs. As part of the FAA's Integrated Terminal Weather System, the MIT Lincoln Laboratory has begun an effort entitled the "Marine Stratus Initiative" with the objective to provide improvrd weather information and forecast guidance to the Oakland Central Weather Service Unit (CWSU), which is responsible for providing weather forcasts to air traffic managers. A description of airport operations at San Francisco and the impact of marine stratus are presented. An explanation is given of the marine stratus phenomenology and the primary factors contributing to cloud dissipation. This conceptual model of the dissipation process is used to define system requirements. A description of the hardware, communications, and display subsystems is provided. An overview of the 1995 demonstration, including user comments, is presented as well as future plans for meeting the longer-term objectives of the project. KW - Airport operations KW - Clouds KW - Dissipation KW - Information display systems KW - Traffic delays KW - Weather conditions KW - Weather forecasting UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22200/22222/PB99169302.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/508640 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00784270 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - INTERFACES BETWEEN FLIGHTCREWS AND MODERN FLIGHT DECK SYSTEMS PY - 1996/06/18 SP - 210 p. AB - On April 26, 1994, an airbus A300-600 operated by China Airlines crashed at Nagoya, Japan, killing 264 passengers and flight crew members. Contributing to the accident were conflicting actions taken by the flight crew and the plane's automatic pilot. The crash provided a stark example of how a breakdown in the flight crew/automation interface can affect flight safety. Other accidents, incidents, and safety indicators demonstrate that this problem is not confined to any one airplane type, manufacturer, operator, or geographical region. As a result of the Nagoya accident, as well as other incidents and accidents that appear to highlight difficulties in flight crew interacting with flight deck automation, the FAA's Transport Airplane Directorate, under the approval of the Director, Aircraft Certification Service, launched a study to evaluate the flight crew/flight deck automation interfaces of current transportation category airplanes. This report is the culmination of that study. KW - Air traffic KW - Automation KW - Aviation safety KW - Communication systems KW - Flight crews KW - Flight decks KW - Interfaces UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/000/800/876/interface.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/15000/15800/15873/PB2000101371.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/636873 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01207225 AU - Cardosi, Kim AU - Brett, Bryan E AU - Han, Sherwin AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - An Analysis of TRACON (Terminal Radar Approach Control) Controller- Pilot Voice Communications PY - 1996/06//Final Report SP - 36p AB - Control) environment. Forty-eight hours of communications recorded on the voice tapes from eight TRACONs were analyzed. There were 13,089 controller-to-pilot transmissions examined in this study. This included 9,409 clearances (e.g., assignment of altitude; instructions to change heading, speed, or radio frequencies; instructions for arrival, etc.) And 3,680 requests for information, salutations, etc. The complexity of the controller's message (i.e.. the number of pieces of information) was examined and the number of erroneous readbacks were analyzed as a function of message complexity. Pilot acknowledgments were also analyzed; the numbers of full and partial readbacks, and acknowledgments only (i.e., "rogei") were tallied. Pilot reports of altitude information was also examined. Fewer than one percent of the messages resulted in communications errors. Among the error factors examined were: complexity of the message, type of acknowledgment, use of call sign in the acknowledgment, type of information in error, and whether or not the controller responded to the readback error. Instances in which the controller contacted the aircraft with one call sign and the pilot acknowledged the transmission with another call sign were also examined. The report concludes with recommendations to further reduce the probability of communication errors. KW - Air pilots KW - Air traffic control KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Aircraft pilotage KW - Communication systems KW - Flow control (Air traffic control) KW - Human factors in crashes KW - Terminal radar approach control (TRACON) UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33600/33636/33636.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/968131 ER - TY - SER AN - 00862435 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - APPLE, JANET TI - GOING FOR THE GOLD: FAA INITIATIVES IN SUPPORT OF THE ATLANTA CENTENNIAL OLYMPIC GAMES. PY - 1996/06 AB - NO ABSTRACT PROVIDED. KW - Aircraft pilotage KW - Atlanta (Georgia) KW - Navigation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/629031 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01100695 AU - Olson, Richard R AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - General Aviation Data Link Survey Analysis National Business Aircraft Association PY - 1996/05//Technical Report SP - 34p AB - The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is interested in integrating Data Link communications technology into the General Aviation (GA) community. But, how much does the GA community know about the Data Link concept, the services that are possible, and the advantages of Data Link. This report contains an analysis of a survey that was conducted at the 1992 National Business Aircraft Association (NBAA) convention. KW - Air traffic control KW - Aviation KW - Civil aviation KW - Data collection KW - Data link KW - Flight training KW - General aviation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19100/19140/PB2002104582.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/860094 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932863 AU - Canfield, D AU - White, V AU - Soper, J AU - Kupiec, T AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AVIATION ACCIDENT FORENSIC ASSESSMENT: COMPREHENSIVE SINGLE-EXTRACTION URINE SCREENING PROCEDURE PY - 1996/05 SP - 12 p. AB - This paper describes a new single extraction screening procedure that was developed to identify as many drugs as possible in urine, with minimal effort and cost. Urine specimens are hydrolyzed and the specimen is then extracted using commercially purchased TOXI-LAB A extraction tubes. After removing the TOXI-LAB organic phase, the remaining aqueous layer is washed with chloroform. The organic phase and the chloroform wash are combined, evaporated to dryness, and then reconstituted a methanol solution. A quantity of the methanol solution is then chromatographed, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a photo diode array and fluorescence detector. The methanol solution is next analyzed using either TOXI-LAB or gas chromatograph (GC) mass spectroscopy, depending on the compound detected using HPLC. When HPLC is negative, the extract is analyzed using the TOXI-LAB procedure. This method has proven successful in the identification of benzodiazepines, cardiovascular medications, antihistamines, and other drugs that could have been missed using only one of the possible methods. The number of positive benzodiazepines identified has increased as a result of using this new method, and the time required to complete cases has been reduced substantially. Using a single aliquot, extraction, and analysis of a urine specimen by several different methods makes it possible to screen for a wide variety of drugs. The new procedure helps prevent false negative results that might mislead investigators in aviation accidents. The fact that drugs can be uniquely identified by HPLC, and then confirmed using GC mass spectroscopy, reduces the time necessary to complete cases by reducing the number of aliquots needed to specifically identify the drugs present in the body. KW - Aircraft crash victims KW - Crash investigation KW - Drugs KW - Forensic medicine KW - Gas chromatography KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Mass spectroscopes KW - Medication KW - Test procedures KW - TOXI-LAB KW - Toxicology KW - Urinalysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724603 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932862 AU - Beringer, D B AU - Harris, H C AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF NAVIGATIONAL DISPLAY FORMATS AND MEMORY AIDS ON PILOT PERFORMANCE PY - 1996/05 SP - 11 p. AB - A great deal of effort has been invested in examining integrated instrumentation for advanced cockpits, but little comparable effort has been directed toward the greatest number of aircraft presently flying - those in the general aviation environment. This series of studies examined the benefits of a simple and widely available integrated instrument, the horizontal situation indicator (HSI), in the performance of simple navigational and orientational tasks by private pilots and instructor pilots. Tested in the context of the multiple-processor Basic General Aviation Research Simulator (BGARS), the private pilots exhibited significantly fewer navigational reversals and orientational errors when using the HSI (in comparison with their performances when using the traditional very-high-frequency omni range and directional gyro combination). These results were consistent with but even more definitive than those obtained for the instructor pilots. Similar benefits in procedural error reduction were also found when instrument index markers, or "bugs," were used as short-term memory aids. KW - Air pilots KW - Aircraft navigational aids KW - Aircraft pilotage KW - Flight simulators KW - General aviation KW - Horizontal situation indicators KW - Human error KW - Indicating instruments KW - Instructors KW - Instrument displays KW - Integrated systems KW - Memory KW - Personnel performance KW - Wayfinding UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am96-16.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724602 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00730621 AU - Eklund, T I AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ESTIMATED DETECTION SYSTEM FALSE ALARMS FROM CARGO COMPARTMENT FIRE EXTINGUISHER DISCHARGE STATISTICS PY - 1996/05 SP - 31 p. AB - Data on aircraft fleet service difficulties between 1988 and 1990 were used to estimate fire detector false alarms in the domestic commercial jet fleet. For Class C cargo compartments, data on fleet composition and utilization were used to establish false alarm rates using two levels of analytical detail. False alarms for engine nacelles, auxiliary power units, bleed air ducts, lavatories, wheel wells, and electrical and electronic bays are also considered. This treatment of false alarms is based on statistical documentation of fleet discharge events for halon extinguishing agent bottles. KW - Aircraft safety KW - Aviation safety KW - Cargo aircraft KW - Civil aircraft KW - Detection systems KW - Detectors KW - False alarms KW - False alarms (Security) KW - Fire extinguishers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/466143 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932860 AU - Kupiec, T C AU - Canfield, D V AU - White, V L AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - THE ANALYSIS OF BENZODIAZEPINES IN FORENSIC URINE SAMPLES PY - 1996/04 SP - 10 p. AB - The Federal Aviation Administration Toxicology and Accident Research Laboratory reports the presence of any drug detected at therapeutic or subtherapeutic levels and the medical condition for which the drug may have been used. Specimens from the pilot of a fatal aviation accident in 1992 were suspected of containing fluoxetine and clonazepam. Initial screening tests using fluorescence polarization immunoassay of a urine specimen revealed 86 ng/ml of a benzodiazepine. Blood from this case was screened using radioimmunoassay and a benzodiazepine was detected at a level in excess of 200 ng/ml. No benzodiazepine was detected in the urine specimen when it was initially tested using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with no hydrolysis of the specimen. Temazepam was eventually identified in urine by HPLC and mass spectroscopy, after enzyme hydrolysis of the urine using - glucuronidase. The blood was found to contain 44 ng/ml of temazepam, 83 ng/ml of fluoxetine, and 138 ng/ml of norfluoxetine. The liver was found to contain 145 ng/ml of temazepam. No tests were performed on the liver for fluoxetine. The identification of temazepam in urine would have been impossible without the enzyme hydrolysis of the specimen prior to extraction and identification. Benzodiazepines are among the most prescribed drugs and a procedure is needed to assure that these drugs will be detected and identified in urine. KW - Air pilots KW - Aircraft crash victims KW - Benzodiazepines KW - Crash investigation KW - Forensic medicine KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Mass spectroscopes KW - Medication KW - Samples KW - Test procedures KW - Toxicology KW - Urinalysis UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am96-14.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724600 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932858 AU - Nakagawara, V B AU - Coffey, J D AU - Montgomery, R W AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - OPHTHALMIC REQUIREMENTS AND CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE EN ROUTE AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SPECIALIST: AN ERGONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE VISUAL WORK ENVIRONMENT PY - 1996/04 SP - 12 p. AB - The en route air traffic control specialist (ATCS) works with a unique radar console unit when controlling aircraft. To better understand the visual requirements of this work environment, an ergonomic study of the radar console was performed. A vertical stand with a tape measure was placed 10.2 cm from the front of the current model radar console used by en route ATCS. Measurements from two eye height levels, representing the low female value (5th percentile) and the high male value (95th percentile), to four primary components of the radar console were obtained. Accommodation, vergence, and vision demands were calculated. The accommodative range was from 0.79 D to 1.81 D and the vergence demand range from 4.61 to 10.35. Version demands were generally large due to the size and placement of the primary components. Of the 80 version measurements calculated, only 17 (21.25%) required less than 15 of eye movements. The accommodative and convergence demands of an en route radar console would not be expected to have a substantial clinical effect on vision for pre- and early-presbyopic controllers with normal phoria and fusional reserve capabilities. Version demands are substantial and may be visually stressful to the ATCS. Clinical ophthalmic considerations for correcting the vision at the radar console of these controllers, particularly presbyopic ATCSs, are reviewed. These data may be used in addressing occupational and medical questions, and their associated regulatory implications. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Enroute traffic control KW - Ergonomics KW - Eye movements KW - Measurement KW - Ophthalmology KW - Radar devices KW - Radar displays KW - Vision KW - Visual perception KW - Work environment UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM96-12.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724598 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932859 AU - Young, W C AU - Broach, D AU - Farmer, W L AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - DIFFERENTIAL PREDICTION OF FAA ACADEMY PERFORMANCE ON THE BASIS OF GENDER AND WRITTEN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SPECIALIST APTITUDE TEST SCORES PY - 1996/04 SP - 21 p. AB - The technical fairness of the written air traffic control specialist (ATCS) aptitude test battery was investigated within the framework of the Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures (29 CFR 1607). First, the adverse impact of using a composite score on the test battery was evaluated on an archival sample of 170,578 job applicants. Mean score differences by gender of 0.35 SD in the favor of men were found, suggesting that adverse impact on women could be expected from use of test scores in selection. Analysis of selection rates by gender found that women were classified as eligible for employment consideration on the basis of composite test scores at a lower rate (38.5%) than men (50.4%). Step-down hierarchical regression analysis was used to investigate differential prediction of performance in initial ATCS training at the Federal Aviation Administration Academy in a sample of 9,552 first-time competitive entrants. Analysis based on correlations corrected for explicit and implicit restriction in range found significant differences in slopes and intercepts by gender, suggesting that separate regression equations were appropriate to predict Academy performance for the genders. The practical significance of the statistically small effect sizes is considered within the framework of current equal employment opportunity legislation and case law in the discussion of these results. The alternative explanation that these results reflect gender differences in job-related abilities, rather than test bias, is considered. KW - Abilities KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Aptitude tests KW - Correlation analysis KW - Gender KW - Legal documents KW - Legislation KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Regression analysis KW - Selection and appointment KW - Students KW - Training KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/1996/9613/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724599 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932861 AU - Beringer, D B AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - USE OF OFF-THE-SHELF PC-BASED FLIGHT SIMULATORS FOR AVIATION HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH PY - 1996/04 SP - 17 p. AB - Flight simulation has historically been an expensive proposition, particularly if out-the-window views were desired. Advances in computer technology have allowed a modular, off-the-shelf flight simulation (based on 80486 processors or Pentiums) to be assembled that has been adapted, with minimal modification, for conducting general aviation research. This simulation includes variable flight instrumentation, forward, 45 and 90 degree left external world views, and a map display. Control inputs are provided by high-fidelity analog controls (e.g., damped and self-centering yoke, high-performance throttle quadrant, gear, flap, and trim controls; and navigation radio frequency select). The simulation is based upon two commercially available flight simulation software packages, one originally designed as an instrument flight trainer and the other as a "game"-type flight simulation. The provisions of these packages are discussed highlighting their particular research capabilities as well as their limitations. The comparatively low cost and ease of assembly/integration allow multiple "standardized" systems to be distributed for cooperative inter-laboratory studies. The approach appears to have utility for both research and training. KW - Aircraft pilotage KW - Data displays KW - Flight control systems KW - Flight simulators KW - Human factors KW - Instrument displays KW - Maps KW - Personal computers KW - Research KW - Software packages KW - Training simulators UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am96-15.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724601 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932857 AU - Marcus, J H AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - DUMMY AND INJURY CRITERIA FOR AIRCRAFT CRASHWORTHINESS PY - 1996/04 SP - 6 p. AB - Since 1988, newly type-certificated aircraft are required to comply with stringent crashworthiness requirements. Central to these more stringent requirements is a dynamic test that assesses the potential for injury for someone exposed to similar conditions. In this report, the techniques and reference values used for measuring the impact protection offered by aircraft seating systems are reviewed. General requirements of a crash dummy are enumerated. The use and limitations of various designs of adult-sized front and side dummies are discussed, and relationships relating dynamic variables measured with a dummy to the probability of an injury are referenced. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Crash victim simulation KW - Crashworthiness KW - Dummies KW - Dynamic tests KW - Impact tests KW - Injury types KW - Occupant vehicle interface KW - Seats UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am96-11.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724597 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00738627 AU - Fobes, J L AU - Cormier, S M AU - Barrientos, J M AU - Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE EXPLOSIVES DETECTION SYSTEM CTX5000 USER INTERFACE FOR ALARM RESOLUTION PY - 1996/04 SP - 16 p. AB - This report provides an evaluation of the CTX5000 human-computer interface including the X-ray interface, the Computer Tomography (CY)-scan interface, the manual input interface channels, and the workstation design. KW - Alarm systems KW - Detection systems KW - Detectors KW - Explosives KW - Explosives detectors KW - Information processing KW - Interfaces UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/572727 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00734707 AU - Baart, D AU - CHEUNG, A AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT FOR YEAR 2010 PY - 1996/04 SP - 32 p. AB - This report documents the assessment of the National Airspace System (NAS) for the year 2010. The NAS Performance Analysis Capability (NASPAC) simulation model was used to simulate the future air traffic control (ATC) system. Airport, airfield, and technological improvements expected to be completed by year 2010 were included in the analysis. Future traffic growth for each of the airports modeled by NASPAC were derived from the 1993 Terminal Area Forecasts (TAF). The study suggests that about 70% of the total system delay is attributed to ground operations for the year 2010. KW - Air traffic control KW - Airport planning KW - Ground handling KW - Improvements KW - National Airspace System KW - Performance evaluations KW - Traffic estimation KW - Traffic forecasts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/478046 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00730622 AU - Bagot, K AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF APPROACH PATH INDICATOR SYSTEMS FOR HELIPORTS PY - 1996/04 SP - 237 p. AB - The objective of this report was to determine the acceptability of using existing approach path indicator technology to develop the criteria for establishing production and installation requirements for approach path indicators for heliports. The approach path indicators give the pilot a visual reference as to his proximity to a specific approach angle to the heliport in visual flight rule (VFR) landing operations. This effort required photometric testing for actual light beam characteristics, the collection of ground tracking data, and flight testing for pilot feedback as to their acceptability of the systems. Results of the evaluation showed that all three existing approach path indicator systems provided the necessary guidance to the pilot to successfully conduct VFR landing operations, and that the data collected could be used to establish criteria for their production and installation. KW - Approach control KW - Approach indicators KW - Helicopters KW - Heliports KW - Landing aids KW - Visual flight KW - Visual flight rules UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/466144 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01496774 AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - Transcript of the Joint FAA/Industry Symposium on Level B Airplane Simulator Aeromodel Validation Requirements PY - 1996/03 SP - v.p. AB - This is the transcript of the Joint Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)/Industry Symposium on Level B Airplane Simulator Aeromodel Validation Requirements held on March 13-14, 1996, at the Washington Dulles Airport Hilton. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss the aeromodeling considerations associated with updating FAA qualification requirements for Level B flight simulators. Flight simulator technology has advanced significantly during the past decade, one result of which is that device capability has increased while cost has declined. However, for commuter airlines, cost continues to be an obstacle to flight simulator access, particularly for recurrent training. It may be possible to revise Level B simulator qualification procedures and requirements to enhance affordability, without degrading the standards or quality of performance for such equipment. The first step in this endeavor is a comprehensive review, beginning with aeromodeling and flight data considerations. KW - Commuter airlines KW - Conferences KW - Costs KW - Data collection KW - Flight simulators KW - Flight training KW - United States KW - Validation UR - http://www.volpe.dot.gov/coi/hfrsa/docs/valreqma.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1264197 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01150531 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Assessment of Innovative Financing Options for the Airport Improvement Program PY - 1996/03 SP - 47p AB - This report contains: Table of Contents: Executive Summary; Scope and Methodology; Airport Finance Under Current Federal Policy; Innovative Federal Financing: Options and Impacts Options; Innovative Financing for Airports in the Context of Federal Fiscal Restraint; Conclusions and Appendix. There is no summary provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Airport Improvement Program KW - Airports KW - Capital KW - Financial analysis KW - Financing KW - Liability KW - Technological innovations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/912584 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00932856 AU - Kanki, B G AU - Prinzo, O V AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Aeronautics and Space Administration AU - United States Air Force TI - METHODS AND METRICS OF VOICE COMMUNICATIONS PY - 1996/03 SP - 285 p AB - This report consists of the proceedings of the Methods and Metrics of Voice Communication Workshop organized by the FAA - Civil Aeromedical Institute, NASA-Ames Research Center, and USAF Armstrong Laboratory - Brooks Air Force Base, held May 13-14, 1994 in San Antonio, Texas. The goal of the meeting was to further understanding of voice communications in aviation operations by convening a group of language researchers to discuss their experiences with current methods, tools, approaches, etc. The participants came from academic, government and military laboratories, as well as private industry, and their collective expertise included applications conducted in a variety of field, laboratory and simulation environments. This Proceedings is presented in 3 parts: (1) presentations on discourse and acoustic processes, (2) 'demonstrations' of software aids for collecting, coding and analyzing communication data, and (3) an appendix of related supplementary materials and reprints from other publications. Because language researchers share many issues and problems in the development of appropriate and effective methods and metrics, the goal of the workshop was for the attendees to learn from each other's experiences and expertise and to make these insights available to others. U1 - Methods and Metrics of Voice CommunicationU.S. Federal Aviation Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and United States Air ForceSan Antonio, Texas StartDate:19940513 EndDate:19940514 Sponsors:U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and United States Air Force KW - Acoustics KW - Air traffic control KW - Aviation KW - Coding systems KW - Communication KW - Data collection KW - Language KW - Software KW - Speech KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration KW - United States Air Force KW - Voice communication KW - Workshops UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM96-10.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33600/33641/33641.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/727261 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932855 AU - Stern, J A AU - Boyer, D J AU - Schroeder, D J AU - Stoliarov, N AU - Touchstone, R M AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Washington University, St Louis AU - State Scientific Institute for Civil Aviation TI - BLINKS, SACCADES, AND FIXATION PAUSES DURING VIGILANCE TASK PERFORMANCE: II. GENDER AND TIME OF DAY PY - 1996/03 SP - 44 p. AB - As operators are required to spend more time monitoring computer controlled devices, it is critical to define the task and situational factors (i.e., fatigue) that may impact vigilance and performance. Electro-oculographic techniques are used in this study to investigate if gaze control measures can be used to reflect, and hopefully predict, periods of impaired attention and performance. Gaze control measures (blinks, saccades, and fixations) were recorded while subjects performed an air traffic control simulation task. Twenty-five subjects performed the task for 3 days at 2 successive hours per day. Blinks and saccades were sampled for 5 consecutive minutes after 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, and 110 minutes of task performance. Significant Time-On-Task (TOT) effects were obtained for all of the 13 variables abstracted. The changes in blink frequency and other blink attributes are interpreted within a framework suggesting a breakdown of inhibitory control as a function of TOT. The authors believe this TOT effect is not a tonic one, i.e., a steady decline in the ability to inhibit, but a phasic process, in that periods of poorer inhibitory control increase in frequency and duration as a function of TOT. Performance declined as a function of TOT but improved over days of task performance. This improvement is mirrored by changes in blink parameters, suggesting that the task had become easier to perform. KW - Air traffic control KW - Blinks KW - Eye fixations KW - Eye movements KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Gender KW - Human subject testing KW - Periods of the day KW - Personnel performance KW - Saccades KW - Simulation KW - Task analysis KW - Time on task KW - Video display terminals KW - Vigilance UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am96-09.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724595 ER - TY - SER AN - 00872855 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - DUNCAN, PHYLLIS-ANNE TI - ONE LEVEL OF SAFETY PY - 1996/03 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Local service airlines KW - Regulations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/556196 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00734706 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CABIN SAFETY RESEARCH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS PY - 1996/03 SP - 427p AB - This publication contains the proceedings of the International Conference on Cabin Safety Research held in Atlantic City, New Jersey, November 14-16, 1995. Presentations were made and break out sessions were held in the following areas; evacuation, in-flight emergencies, crash dynamics and fire safety. U1 - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CABIN SAFETY RESEARCHATLANTIC CITY, N.J.) ..CD: (1995: StartDate:00000 EndDate:00000 KW - Aircraft cabins KW - Aircraft safety KW - Aviation safety KW - Crash injury research KW - Disaster preparedness KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Evacuation KW - Fire prevention KW - Fires KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/481508 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00730672 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FAA AVIATION FORECASTS - FISCAL YEARS 1996-2007 PY - 1996/03 SP - 217 p. AB - This report contains the Fiscal Years 1996-2007 FAA forecasts of aviation activity at FAA facilities. Those include airports with both FAA and contract control towers, air route traffic control centers, and flight service stations. Detailed forecasts were developed for the major users of the National Aviation System: air carriers, air taxi/commuters, general aviation, and military. The forecasts have been prepared to meets the budget and planning needs of the constituent units of the FAA and to provide information which can be used by state and local authorities, the aviation industry, and the general public. KW - Air transportation KW - Aviation KW - Civil aviation KW - Forecasting KW - General aviation KW - Military aviation KW - National Aviation System UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/466185 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932850 AU - Garner, R P AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - PERFORMANCE OF A CONTINUOUS FLOW PASSENGER OXYGEN MASK AT AN ALTITUDE OF 40,000 FEET PY - 1996/02 SP - 13 p. AB - A redesigned continuous flow passenger oxygen mask was tested for its ability to deliver an adequate supply of oxygen at an altitude of 40,000 feet above sea level. Four male subjects participated in the study. Blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) baseline levels for hypoxic exposure were established for each subject. Immediately prior to high altitude exposure, subjects prebreathed 100% oxygen for two hours through a pressure demand type mask. The hypobaric chamber was then decompressed to a simulated altitude of 35,000 feet. Subjects switched to the passenger oxygen mask. The initial oxygen flow rate to the passenger mask came from manufacturer production performance test data. Once heart and respiratory rates and SaO2 level stabilized, chamber altitude was increased to 40,000 feet. Descent to ground level was performed in steps of 5,000 feet with SaO2 levels being established for each altitude and recommended oxygen flow. Subjects remained at each test altitude for a minimum of three minutes or until SaO2 levels stabilized. At no point during the testing did SaO2 levels approach baseline levels for hypoxic exposure. This mask design would appear to offer protection from hypoxia resulting from altitude exposure up to 40,000 feet. KW - Altitude KW - Aviation medicine KW - Blood oxygen saturation level KW - Decompression KW - Human subject testing KW - Hypoxia KW - Oxygen equipment KW - Passengers UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM96-04.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724590 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932853 AU - Marcus, J H AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - DETERMINATION OF EFFECTIVE THORACIC MASS PY - 1996/02 SP - 33 p. AB - Effective thoracic mass is a critical parameter in specifying mathematical and mechanical models (such as crash dummies) of humans exposed to impact conditions. A method is developed using a numerical optimizer to determine effective thoracic mass (and mass distribution) given a number of acceleration signals and a force signal response. Utilizing previously reported lateral and frontal tests with human cadaveric test specimens in a number of different conditions, the effective thoracic mass is computed. The effective thoracic masses are then computed for a variety of crash dummies exposed to identical test conditions. The force responses generated using the computed effective thoracic masses are compared to the actual measured force responses. The thoracic mass of the crash dummies is then compared to the values for human cadaveric subjects. The distribution of thoracic mass is found to be a function of test condition. The implications in terms of mathematical model development, crash dummy design, and the appropriateness of various types of tests (e.g. pendulum vs. sled) are discussed. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Aircraft crash victims KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash victim simulation KW - Dummies KW - Effective thoracic mass KW - Force KW - Impact KW - Impact tests KW - Mathematical models KW - Pendulum tests KW - Sled tests KW - Thorax UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am96-07.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724593 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932854 AU - Williams, K W AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - QUALIFICATION GUIDELINES FOR PERSONAL COMPUTER-BASED AVIATION TRAINING DEVICES: INSTRUMENT RATING PY - 1996/02 SP - 68 p. AB - This is a report of the analytical development of qualification guidelines for personal computer-based aviation training devices (PCATDs) for use in instrument flight training. The report includes a task analysis of instrument flight tasks, along with baseline and task-specific guidelines that were developed as a result of the analysis. In addition, a PCATD qualification tool is presented in the appendix for use in approving a Part 141 flight school curriculum that incorporates a PCATD for use as a ground training aid. The purpose of this paper is to provide the reader with an understanding of the process and reasoning behind the development of the PCATD qualification guidelines. KW - Air pilots KW - Computer aided instruction KW - Curricula KW - Flight training KW - Guidelines KW - Instrument flying KW - Personal computers KW - Task analysis UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am96-08.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724594 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932851 AU - Albright, C A AU - Truitt, T R AU - Barile, A B AU - Vortac, O U AU - Manning, C A AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman TI - HOW CONTROLLERS COMPENSATE FOR THE LACK OF FLIGHT PROGRESS STRIPS PY - 1996/02 SP - 20 p. AB - The role of the flight progress strip, currently used to display important flight data, has been debated because of long range plans to automate the air traffic control (ATC) human-computer interface. Currently, the flight progress strip is viewed by many as an indispensable tool needed for the safe and expeditious separation of air traffic. Long term plans to automate the American system have initiated a debate on the impact of modifying, or even removing, the flight progress strip. We looked at the viability of a stripless environment by using the Atlanta Center dynamic simulator to compare standard ATC operation with an experimental condition that removed the strips completely. Performance and perceived workload did not differ between conditions. Controllers compensated for the lack of strips by requesting more flight plan readouts. Without strips, controllers took significantly longer to grant requests and spent significantly more time looking at the plan view display. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Aircraft separation KW - Automation KW - Flight control systems KW - Flight plans KW - Flight progress strips KW - Flight simulators KW - Information display systems KW - Personnel performance KW - User interfaces (Computer science) KW - Workload UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am96-05.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724591 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932852 AU - Morrison, J E AU - Fotohui, C H AU - Broach, D AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Human Resources Research Organization International, Incorporated TI - A FORMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE COLLEGIATE TRAINING INITIATIVE - AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SPECIALIST (CTI-ATCS) PROGRAM PY - 1996/02 SP - 52 p. AB - This report describes the initial formative evaluation of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) College Training Initiative - Air Traffic Control Specialist (CTI-ATCS) Program. The purpose of the CTI-ATCS program is to test "the concept that non-federal, post-secondary educational institutions can develop, deliver, and implement air traffic control recruiting, selection, and training programs" (FAA, 1990) The background and evolution of this program are presented, along with descriptions of the institutions that are involved in the training of CTI-ATCS participants. The report concludes that the programs at the five participating educational institutions appear to be functioning well. Specifically, the programs are making innovations in recruitment, selection, and training that may be of benefit to the FAA. Some progress in recruiting women and minorities is being made. However, the sharply curtailed demand for CTI-ATCS graduates poses a significant challenge to the program. Improvements in program management and communications are also needed. Overall, the CTI-ATCS program appears to be generally successful, but further study is required. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Communication KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Females KW - Minorities KW - Program management KW - Recruiting KW - Selection and appointment KW - Training programs KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - Universities and colleges UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM96-06.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724592 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932849 AU - Baker, S P AU - Lamb, M W AU - Li, Guoxiang AU - Dodd, R S AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore TI - CRASHES OF INSTRUCTIONAL FLIGHTS: ANALYSIS OF CASES AND REMEDIAL APPROACHES PY - 1996/02 SP - 56 p. AB - Instructional flights experience more than 300 crashes annually and are involved in more than one-third of all midair collisions. This study seeks to identify the circumstances of instructional crashes and describe factors related to pilots, aircraft, and the environment. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) data tapes were analyzed for crashes during 1989-1992 that involved a student pilot or a flight for instructional purposes. Results showed that during 1989-1992, 1226 instructional airplanes were involved in crashes, resulting in 250 deaths and 128 serious injuries. Midair collisions involved 38 instructional airplanes and accounted for 20% of all deaths. Sixteen pilots in midair collisions were on solo flights; on average, they were younger but more experienced than trainees in other crashes on solo. Detailed review of crashes during 1989 and 1991 revealed that loss of control on landing characterized 36% of the 638 crashes, and crosswinds contributed to 28% of all crashes. Student solos were 51% of the series; 193 of the 360 students on solo foundered due to loss of control on landing or takeoff. Among the 84 crashes on cross-country solos, 26 were due to running out of fuel. Forty percent of the trainees who crashed on cross-country solos had not filed flight plans. Instructors were present in 50% of crashes from stalls and 32% of crashes from fuel starvation. Simulated emergencies ended in 49 crashes. The NTSB identified factors related to the instructor as contributory in one-third of the cases. Many incidents reported to Aviation Safety Reporting System occurred under circumstances similar to the crashes. KW - Air pilots KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Crash characteristics KW - Crash data KW - Crosswinds KW - Emergencies KW - Fatalities KW - Flight training KW - Injury rates KW - Instructors KW - Landing KW - Midair crashes KW - Stall KW - Students KW - Training aircraft KW - U.S. National Transportation Safety Board UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am96-03.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724589 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00730702 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AVIATION SAFETY PLAN PY - 1996/02 SP - 234 p. AB - The purpose of this document is to describe the continuing partnership in the aviation community to improve aviation transportation safety. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/466215 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00730692 AU - Fobes, J L AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - DUPE CHECKLIST SYSTEM: INSTRUCTOR'S GUIDE FOR SECURITY SUPERVISOR INITIAL TRAINING PY - 1996/02 SP - 80 p. AB - The Resolution Procedures Training Program is an integral part of the Dupe Checklist System. The training program currently includes the following documents: Resolution procedures manual; Instructor's guide for security supervisor initial training; Instructor's guide for security supervisor recurrent training guide; Train the trainer self-study resource material; and Video presentation: passenger interview. The purpose of the initial training program is to introduce the security supervisor to the dupe checklist systems and its associated resolution procedures. The initial training is designed to provide the Security supervisor with the background, knowledge and resource material required to perform interviews with passengers who provide failed checklist answers and who have not cleared through the initial questioning performed by the passenger service agent (PSA). Portions of this training program will be used for the training of the PSAs and, at air carrier discretion, of other personnel. KW - Security KW - Supervisors KW - Training KW - Training programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/466205 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00721442 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Golaszewski, R S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DISCUSSION PANEL REPORT: INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES PY - 1996/02 IS - 454 SP - p. 40-46 AB - The workshop panel on international airlines discussed events that could shape the growth in international airline activity in major market areas affecting the United States. In forecasting the future of international airlines, the panel found the following: The largest emerging trends in the international airline markets are the gradual shift of growth and traffic from traditional U.S. gateways to carrier hubs. The removal of restrictions overseas would also tend to stimulate the U.S. market for international airline services. In the U.S. domestic market, new entrants are providing price discipline. Even though they may not serve an airport with many flights, they tend to discipline the yields available to other carriers. If new entrants could also provide competitive discipline on yields in the international markets, then the improved service offered by the carriers in an alliance is likely to stimulate additional traffic growth. The U.S. policy of liberal approval of code shares seems to be a force leading towards more open international markets. The increase in airline alliances may lead to more frequent services with smaller aircraft, a trend that has been recently observed in the international markets. This would tend to result in a slightly higher growth rate for aircraft operations than passenger enplanements, as average aircraft size is reduced. U1 - Future Aviation Activities: Ninth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19950918 EndDate:19950920 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Air transportation KW - Aircraft by size KW - Aircraft size KW - Airlines KW - Code sharing KW - Forecasting KW - Foreign KW - Foreign policy KW - Hubs KW - International KW - International airports KW - Markets KW - New entrants (Air transportation) KW - Policy KW - Price discipline KW - Reduction (Decrease) KW - Removal KW - Restrictions KW - Schedules KW - Service frequency KW - Strategic alliances KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Urban growth KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461868 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00721445 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hamilton, G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DISCUSSION PANEL REPORT: INFRASTRUCTURE PY - 1996/02 IS - 454 SP - p. 57-59 AB - The workshop panel on infrastructure focused its discussion on seven issues: capital, technology, institutions, economics, industry, environmental impacts, and infrastructure. In addressing these issues, the following key points emerged: (a) In the short term, airport capacity will not be a constraint to growth except at a few high-density airports; (b) Air Navigation System (ANS) capacity is already a constraint and likely to be more so in the future; (c) Institutional factors are limiting capacity enhancement in the ANS and at airports; and (d) Airports and airlines will become more specialized in today's maturing market. Comparison of panel forecasts with Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) draft forecasts indicates that: (a) The panel was more conservative for domestic and international enplanement growth; (b) The panel felt that growth in commercial operations would more closely follow growth in enplanements than the FAA forecasts (i.e., that there would not be such a dramatic change in average load as implied in the FAA forecasts); and (c) For noncommercial operations, short-term declines will be less than the FAA indicates and long-term growth will also be less. U1 - Future Aviation Activities: Ninth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19950918 EndDate:19950920 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Air navigation system capacity KW - Airplanes KW - Airport capacity KW - Boarding KW - Civil aviation KW - Enplanements KW - Forecasting KW - Infrastructure KW - Institutional issues KW - Long term KW - Noncommercial aviation KW - Short term KW - Time duration KW - Urban growth KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461871 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00721446 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Foley, B T AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DISCUSSION PANEL REPORT: BUSINESS AVIATION PY - 1996/02 IS - 454 SP - p. 60-61 AB - The workshop panel on business aviation included, in addition to the aviation forecasters, a specially invited group of prominent leaders in the business aviation industry, who met in a half-day executive session to share their views on the future direction and well-being of business aviation. The panel concluded that the business aviation industry, after a painful period in the early 1990s, is poised for growth on the heels of a strengthening economy, and success especially awaits those companies that continually turn out new products offering more value. As a group, the forecast panel and the industry executives who met in the special session were optimistic about the future of business aviation. They concluded that, barring any surprises in the form of user fees, the industry will continue to flourish and play an integral role in the world economy. U1 - Future Aviation Activities: Ninth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19950918 EndDate:19950920 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Business aviation KW - Forecasting KW - Urban growth KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461872 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00721441 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Schwieterman, J P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DISCUSSION PANEL REPORT: DOMESTIC AIRLINES PY - 1996/02 IS - 454 SP - p. 35-39 AB - The workshop panel on domestic airlines consisted of airline representatives, consultants, academics, and government officials. In forecasting the future of domestic airlines, the panel found the following: Air travel is expected to continue to grow two to three percentage points faster than the Gross Domestic Product in upcoming years. Air travel will become more attractive relative to over-the-road travel. As deregulation approaches its third decade, there is ample room for optimism about the short-term outlook for domestic aviation. Although the long-term outlook remains uncertain, the prognosis is improving. After a tumultuous decade of transition, major airlines are exhibiting an unprecedented ability to cut costs and respond swiftly to the changing times. U1 - Future Aviation Activities: Ninth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19950918 EndDate:19950920 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Air travel KW - Airlines KW - Consumer preferences KW - Cost control KW - Cost reduction KW - Domestic airlines KW - Domestic transportation KW - Forecasting KW - Long term KW - Short term KW - Time duration KW - Urban growth KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461867 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00721443 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Larsen, T D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DISCUSSION PANEL REPORT: REGIONAL AND COMMUTER AVIATION PY - 1996/02 IS - 454 SP - p. 47-50 AB - The workshop panel on regional and commuter aviation included representatives of two major U.S. regional airlines, a significant European carrier, the Regional Airline Association, the Federal Aviation Administration, and industry consultants. In forecasting the future of regional and commuter aviation, the panel found the following: Tier 2 regional airlines will continue to serve at the pleasure of the larger jet operators. As the load factors in the major carrier industry increase, the value of feed traffic is diminished. The larger operator has the opportunity to resell seats in local markets and to support the hub. Until capacity is increased by the major and national airlines, they will require less feed from regional affiliates. The hand off of short-haul routes will continue at a diminishing rate. The need of the jet carriers to reduce overall cost and fleet size will ensure that routes will be transferred to regional partners. Enplanements will grow somewhat more slowly than the historical rate, with ASMs and RPMs spurting as stage length increases. Load factors will creep up very slowly as the size of aircraft increases. The fleet size will be affected by the diminishing role of 19-seat aircraft and the addition of larger regional turboprop and jet aircraft. U1 - Future Aviation Activities: Ninth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19950918 EndDate:19950920 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Aircraft by size KW - Aircraft size KW - Airplanes KW - Aviation KW - Boarding KW - Commuter airlines KW - Enplanements KW - Feeder services KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet size KW - Forecasting KW - Load factor KW - Regional aviation KW - Regional transportation KW - Short haul KW - Urban growth KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461869 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00721444 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Ives, G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DISCUSSION PANEL REPORT: AIRCRAFT AND ENGINE MANUFACTURERS PY - 1996/02 IS - 454 SP - p. 51-56 AB - The workshop panel of aircraft and engine manufacturers reviewed forecasts submitted by each participant in advance of the workshop and considered the underlying issues, assumptions, and methodologies employed in making these forecasts. The panel's consensus was that worldwide passenger traffic would grow at an average annual rate of 4.9% over the next 15 years. At this rate, traffic would more than double by 2009. The average load factor was predicted to increase from 67% today to 69% by the end of the period, contributing to increased aircraft productivity and consequently lowering the demand for new aircraft. The 15-year forecasts of deliveries of turboprop and small jet aircraft were 4,000 deliveries and 1,800 retirements, giving a net fleet growth of 2,200. The passenger jet fleet was predicted to grow by 4,800 (reaching a fleet total of 15,000 aircraft) with forecasts of 8,500 deliveries and 3,700 retirements. The assumptions and expectations used to calculate individual forecasts were varied, and the panel spent most of its time exploring qualitative issues. U1 - Future Aviation Activities: Ninth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19950918 EndDate:19950920 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft deliveries KW - Aircraft industry KW - Aircraft retirements KW - Equipment replacement KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet size KW - Forecasting KW - Jet propelled aircraft KW - Load factor KW - Passenger traffic KW - Size KW - Small jet aircraft KW - Turboprop aircraft KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461870 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00721447 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Godar, S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DISCUSSION PANEL REPORT: VERTICAL FLIGHT PY - 1996/02 IS - 454 SP - p. 62-64 AB - This report of the workshop panel on vertical flight contains the views of the panel regarding the future of vertical flight, modified and affirmed by other industry executives who could not take part in the workshop. It was predicted that the U.S. turbine-powered helicopter fleet would have no growth over the next five years, with new units equaling attrition. Flight hours were expected to increase to an average of 675 hours per year per helicopter by 2000 due to cost and management demands. Modifications to Federal Aviation Administration helicopter forecasts were suggested and additional data needed to improve the accuracy and utility of future forecasts were identified. U1 - Future Aviation Activities: Ninth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19950918 EndDate:19950920 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Data needs KW - Flight hours KW - Flight time KW - Forecasting KW - Helicopters KW - Information organization KW - United States KW - Urban growth KW - VTOL aircraft KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461873 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00721448 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Swanda, R L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DISCUSSION PANEL REPORT: LIGHT GENERAL AND PERSONAL AVIATION PY - 1996/02 IS - 454 SP - p. 65-70 AB - The workshop panel on light general and personal aviation based its forecasts on the assumption that the regulatory environment for general aviation will not be fundamentally or substantially changed over the next 10 years. The panel was particularly concerned about the possibility of a user fee system, which the panel members felt would have a highly damaging impact on general aviation. Forecasts of the airman population for both the active student pilot population and the private pilot population show only minor variations in the short term and in the long term. Flight activity is expected to decline about 2% from 1995 to 1996, stabilize at a 0.9% decline for 1997 (compared to 1996), and then increase at a growth rate of 0.5% for the six years from 1995 to 2000. The current downward trend in the size of the fixed-wing piston-powered fleet is expected to continue, but at a decreasing rate, through 1997-1998, then increase until it returns to the 1995 level by 2000. U1 - Future Aviation Activities: Ninth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19950918 EndDate:19950920 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Air pilots KW - Airplanes KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet size KW - Flight activity KW - Forecasting KW - General aviation KW - Light general aviation KW - Long term KW - Personal aviation KW - Private pilots KW - Short term KW - Small aircraft KW - Student pilots KW - Students KW - Time duration KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461874 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00721440 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - TAYLOR, D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE AIRPORT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM PY - 1996/02 IS - 454 SP - p. 32-34 AB - This workshop presentation addresses federal aid to help finance airport improvements that are significant to national transportation. This aid is provided through the Airport Improvement Program (AIP). The current AIP is the latest in a series of federal programs that dates back over 50 years. AIP is financed by monies drawn from a trust fund supported by various user fees, including taxes on passenger tickets, freight waybills, and general aviation fuel. In recent years AIP funding has shown decreases due to budget concerns and policy considerations. The AIP appropriation for FY 1995 is set at $1.45 billion, down from a high of $1.9 billion in 1992. It appears likely that the AIP funding for FY 1996 will be close to the FY 1995 level. The busiest airports should be able to compensate by developing other sources of funds, including passenger facility charges (PFCs). Medium- and low-activity airports will feel the decrease more sharply because they have few alternative sources of funds. The Federal Aviation Administration will work with Congress and the Administration to ensure that both the level and distribution of AIP funds is adequate to meet high-priority needs and to accommodate the continued growth of air transportation. The national airport system has been carefully nurtured for decades by a partnership of local, state, and federal government agencies, and there is every reason to expect this cooperation will continue to be effective in the future. U1 - Future Aviation Activities: Ninth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19950918 EndDate:19950920 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Airport improvement program KW - Airports KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Appropriations KW - Federal aid KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Financing KW - Improvements KW - Passenger facility charges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461866 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00721436 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FUTURE AVIATION ACTIVITIES: NINTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP, WASHINGTON, D.C., SEPTEMBER 18-20, 1995 PY - 1996/02 IS - 454 SP - 96 p. AB - This Circular contains the proceedings report of the Ninth International Workshop on Future Aviation Activities, the latest in a biennial series that extends back to 1979. The purpose of these workshops is to assist public and private-sector managers and decision makers in forecasting long-term trends and developments in commercial, business, and personal air transport. Topics discussed at the 1995 workshop include the domestic and international macroeconomic outlook, the structure and operating patterns of major and regional U.S. air carriers, expected developments in international aviation, aircraft and engine manufacture, trends in business aviation, civil helicopter transport services, and the future of personally owned and operated light aircraft. More than 100 invited participants, drawn from government, industry, academic institutions, and private consulting firms both here and abroad, took part in this 3-day meeting. The program consisted of three major parts: an opening plenary session featuring presentations on the broad outlook and strategic issues; eight concurrent discussion panels on sectoral trends and problems; and a concluding plenary session in which the findings and forecasts of discussion panels were presented. U1 - Future Aviation Activities: Ninth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19950918 EndDate:19950920 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Air transportation KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft engines KW - Airlines KW - Aviation KW - Business aviation KW - Civil aviation KW - Commuter airlines KW - Domestic airlines KW - Domestic transportation KW - Engines KW - Forecasting KW - Helicopter transportation KW - International KW - International airports KW - Long term KW - Macroeconomics KW - Manufacturing KW - Personal air transport KW - Private aircraft KW - Regional aviation KW - Regional transportation KW - Small aircraft KW - Time duration KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461862 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00721438 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Greenslet, E S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PROSPECTS FOR U.S. MAJOR AIRLINES -- 1995 THROUGH 1999 PY - 1996/02 IS - 454 SP - p. 21-26 AB - In this workshop presentation, the author considers the economic outlook for the major U.S. airlines for the years 1995 through 1999. First, a table showing the history of operating income and change in key variables for the years 1978 through 1995 is presented and discussed. Periods of improving earnings, periods of declining earnings, and neutral periods are shown. Next, a table which gives a projection of the five-year (1995-1999) earnings of the major airlines is presented and discussed. Problems that might interrupt a positive earnings trend in the next several years are discussed. They concern recession, fuel prices, labor, new low-fare airlines, and teleconferencing. U1 - Future Aviation Activities: Ninth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19950918 EndDate:19950920 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Airlines KW - Earnings KW - Economic forecasting KW - Fares KW - Forecasting KW - Fuel prices KW - Fuels KW - History KW - Income KW - Labor KW - Low cost carriers KW - Operating revenues KW - Prices KW - Recession KW - Teleconferencing KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461864 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00721437 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Mills, C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - A CALM BETWEEN STORMS PY - 1996/02 IS - 454 SP - p. 11-20 AB - This workshop presentation discusses the current global economic environment in which civil aviation is operating. 1995 started with a series of crises in the global economy, but the situation has calmed somewhat in the last few months. On the other hand, it is fairly sure there will be new upsets either in the remainder of 1995 or next year. It is impossible to forecast exactly what these upsets will be, when they will occur, or where. Following a review of the economic problems throughout the world in the first half of 1995, a short-term outlook for the global economy is given. This is followed by a long-term outlook for the years 1995 to 2010. For both the short term and the long term, it is the developing countries that are predicted to show the most rapid growth. A risk analysis by region is then presented. The focus is on emerging markets, where risks are highest. Seven countries are then selected for a disaggregated country by country risk analysis. A further level of disaggregation is made to pinpoint various sources of risk (financial, economic, political) and specific investment or business concerns. In conclusion, it is pointed out that detailed risk measures can be combined with traditional analysis of market opportunity to devise strategy for the best risk-reward tradeoffs. U1 - Future Aviation Activities: Ninth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19950918 EndDate:19950920 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Civil aviation KW - Developing countries KW - Economic conditions KW - Economic forecasting KW - Economic growth KW - Globalization KW - Long term KW - Macroeconomics KW - National economics KW - Regional economics KW - Risk analysis KW - Short term KW - Time duration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461863 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00721439 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Mudge, R R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TELECOMMUNICATION AND FUTURE DEMAND FOR AIR TRAVEL PY - 1996/02 IS - 454 SP - p. 27-31 AB - This workshop presentation addresses the topic of the impact of telecommunication on the airline industry. From the economist's point of view, this is a matter of substitution and stimulation. With respect to substitution, the question is whether telecommunication leads people to eliminate or defer trips. Stimulation is the inverse effect: whether telecommunication leads to more face-to-face communication. The discussion focuses on substitution. An examination is made of what segments of the air travel market could be diminished or supplanted by telecommunication. Also considered are changes in the business travel market and changes in the telecommunication industry. In summary, studies indicate that some substitution will occur over the next decade. Estimates range from 2 to 11% penetration of the business air travel market, and virsually none in the pleasure and personal travel market. This would amount to replacement of somewhere between 1 and 4% of all air travel within the next decade. This equivalent to about one year of normal secular growth in passenger enplanements. A substitution of this magnitude is scarcely big enough to notice and well within the error of estimate in most aviation forecasts. If the stimulation effects were taken into account, it could be that the two effects would cancel each other out and that the impact on air travel would be nil. U1 - Future Aviation Activities: Ninth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19950918 EndDate:19950920 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Air travel KW - Airlines KW - Impact studies KW - Motivation KW - Stimulation KW - Substitution KW - Telecommunications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461865 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00746777 AU - WAGNER, D AU - Birt, J A AU - Snyder, M D AU - Duncanson, J P AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - HUMAN FACTORS DESIGN GUIDE (HFDG) FOR ACQUISITION OF COMMERCIAL OFF-THE-SHELF SUBSYSTEMS, NON-DEVELOPMENTAL ITEMS, AND DEVELOPMENTAL SYSTEMS PY - 1996/01/15 SP - 1012 p. AB - The Human Factors Design Guide (HFDG) provides reference information to assist in the selection, analysis, design, development, and evaluation of new and modified Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) systems and equipment. A preliminary edition was a draft standard developed at the Human Factors Laboratory of the FAA Technical Center. This 1996 edition converts the preliminary draft document to a guide and incorporates expert comments that were collected in 1994 and 1995 from selected reviewers. It is primarily focused on FAA ground systems and equipment such as those that are managed and maintained by Airway Facilities. This guide covers a broad range of human factors topics that pertain to automation, maintenance, human interfaces, workplace design, documentation, system security, safety, the environment, and anthropometry. This document also includes extensive human-computer interface guidance. KW - Acquisition KW - Anthropometry KW - Automation KW - Commercial off-the-shelf subsystems KW - Design KW - Documentation KW - Documents KW - Equipment KW - Guides KW - Guides to information KW - Human factors KW - Maintenance KW - Man computer interface KW - Nondevelopmental items KW - Occupational safety KW - Property acquisition KW - Security KW - Systems KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - User interfaces (Computer science) KW - Work environment KW - Workplace layout UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/000/800/861/hfdg.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473282 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00988791 AU - Rehmann, A J AU - Mogford, R H AU - CTA Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AIRBORNE DATA LINK STUDY REPORT PY - 1996/01 SP - 57 p. AB - This report represents evaluations of Data Link products and services in a simulated aviation operation. The study addresses key issues related to alerting schemes for Data Link messages, positioning of Data Link displays, and mode of presentation of Data Link messages. The comparison of response times of two alerting schemes, a nondistinctive alert and a nondistinctive alert with an annunciator lamp, did not favor one over another. The forward-mounted Data Link display led to less time required to respond to Data Link messages over aft-mounted, although this difference was not statistically significant. The aft-mounted display was also rated as higher in work load and lower in visibility by crews. Pilots preferred digitized speech over a text-only presentation of messages. The availability of Data Link significantly reduced the amount of controller radio communication with pseudopilots and simulator pilots. The subjective effort, workload of pilots, and fuel burn were not affected by the Data Link capability. However, pilots raised concerns about reduced confidence, safety, and situational awareness with Data Link. KW - Airline crew alerting systems KW - Airline pilots KW - Aviation safety KW - Awareness KW - Communications KW - Confidence (Human beings) KW - Data Link KW - Display KW - Evaluation KW - Location KW - Presentation KW - Radio KW - Simulation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/1000/1300/1301/tn95_62.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/754860 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932848 AU - Shepherd, W T AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Galaxy Scientific Corporation TI - HUMAN FACTORS IN AVIATION MAINTENANCE: PHASE V PROGRESS REPORT PY - 1996/01 SP - 290 p. AB - The fifth phase of research on human factors in aviation maintenance continued to look at the human's role in the aviation maintenance system via investigations, demonstrations, and evaluations of the research program outputs. This report describes the following areas: (Ch. 2) Performance Enhancement Systems (PENS) mobile computing software for Federal Aviation Inspectors; (Ch. 3) System for Training Aviation Regulations (STAR), a computer-based training for aviation regulations; (Ch. 4) Hypermedia Information System (HIS) digital documentation systems, a hypertext multimedia software system; (Ch. 5) software/hardware distribution on the Internet; (Ch. 6) human factors program reviewing human performance issues associated with inspection; (Ch. 7) human factors audit program providing a valid tool for evaluating human factors in maintenance tasks; (Ch. 8) a study of how the design of workcards affects their use and the subsequent potential for error; (Ch. 9) the process of visual inspection and evaluation measuring visual inspection performance; (Ch. 10) a battery of mechanical aptitude tests, a simulated non-destructive inspection task, and the ability of the tests to predict performance; (Ch. 11) the results of a report on an evaluation of a teamwork training program in a Federal Aviation Regulation 147 school; and (Ch. 12) Aviation Rulemaking Advisory Committee rule changes and impending rule changes. KW - Aptitude tests KW - Aviation KW - Committees KW - Computer aided instruction KW - Computers KW - Demonstration projects KW - Errors KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Human factors KW - Hypertext KW - Inspection KW - Inspectors KW - Internet KW - Maintenance KW - Mobile computing KW - Multimedia KW - Regulations KW - Software KW - Task analysis KW - Teams KW - Tests KW - Training programs KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am96-02.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724588 ER - TY - SER AN - 00872411 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - CHAMBERLAIN, H DEAN TI - BIRDS CAN BE DEADLY PY - 1996/01 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Airports KW - Bird pests KW - Pest control KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/556064 ER - TY - SER AN - 00868048 JO - WASHINGTON MONTHLY PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - COOK, GARETH TI - UNCLE SAM'S NOT-SO-FRIENDLY SKIES PY - 1996/01 AB - SUBTITLE: THE FAA HAS A GOOD SAFETY RECORD, BUT IT COULD DO MUCH BETTER. KW - Administration KW - Air transportation KW - Regulations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/554707 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507983 AU - United States Federal Aviation Administration TI - Proposed master plan update development actions, Seattle-Tacoma (Sea-Tac) International Airport, King County : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft(3v), Final(7v), Draft supplement to the final(2v)(1997), Final supplement to the final(3v)(1997), Record of decision B1 KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292307 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070820 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Metropolitan Oakland International Airport (MOIA), Airport development program (ADP), Port of Oakland, Alameda County : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft(2v), Revised draft(3v) KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830205 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070805 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Boston Logan International Aiport, alternative turbojet departure procedures, Runway 27 : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Massachusetts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830190 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070803 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Dane County Regional Airport, new noise abatement runway 3-21 : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft, Final(2v); corrections to appendices E and G B1 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830188 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070800 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Land acquisition and construction of Runway 10L-28R, Syracuse Hancock International Airport, Onondaga County : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New York (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830185 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070793 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Newark International Airport ground access monorail, Northeast Corridor Connection Project, Essex County and Union County : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Jersey UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830178 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070789 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Airport Surveillance Radar Model 9 (ASR-9), Facility to support Washington National Airport and Washington D.C. airspace : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830174 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01001211 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FAA Statistical Handbook of Aviation, Calendar Year 1996 PY - 1996 SP - v.p. AB - This report presents statistical information pertaining to the Federal Aviation Administration, the National Airspace System, Airports, Airport Activity of Certificated Route Air Carriers, U.S. Air Carrier Aircraft, U.S. Certificated Air Carriers--Operating Data, U.S. Civil Airmen, U.S. General Aircraft, Aircraft Accidents, and Aeronautical Production and Imports/Exports. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Aircraft KW - Airlines KW - Airports KW - Airspace (Aeronautics) KW - Aviation KW - Exports KW - Flight personnel KW - General aviation aircraft KW - Imports KW - Operations KW - Production KW - Statistics KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/756848 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932864 AU - McLean, G A AU - George, M H AU - Funkhouser, G E AU - Chittum, C B AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AIRCRAFT EVACUATIONS ONTO ESCAPE SLIDES AND PLATFORMS I: EFFECTS OF PASSENGER MOTIVATION PY - 1996 SP - 13 p. AB - Experimental evaluations of passenger egress during simulated emergency evacuations have provided different results, depending on such variables as subject motivation level and escape route utilized in the particular study. The study reported here was conducted to compare competitive versus cooperative subject behavior within a single study using inflatable escape slides versus door sill-height platforms connected to rigid ramps as the escape routes. Four groups of subjects, ranging in age from 18 to 44, were employed in a 2 (motivation level) x 2 (egress route) x 2 (air quality) repeated-measures design. Motivation level was the between-groups factor; evacuation route and air quality (clear air versus smoke) were within-groups factors. Main effects on total egress time were found for motivation level (p<.008) and egress route (p<.012), as competitive behavior and platforms with-ramps produced much faster evacuation times. Air quality effects on total egress times failed to achieve statistical significance; however, the combination of air quality with the other variables produced substantial interactions. These results indicate that findings derived from evacuation studies are very susceptible to nuances in individual subject behavior and experimental techniques/protocol. Combining previously studied independent variables may produce unexpected interactions that invalidate initial assumptions about the utility of those variables in answering specific research questions. Studies intended to assess the evacuation potential of aircraft designs, configurations, and operating procedures should tightly control such variables to prevent them from inadvertently confounding the experimental questions being addressed. KW - Air quality KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Behavior KW - Competition KW - Cooperation KW - Emergency exits KW - Escape platforms KW - Escape slides KW - Evacuation KW - Motivation KW - Passengers KW - Smoke KW - Time duration UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM96-18.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724604 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00787323 JO - Navigation. Vol. 43, no. 2 PB - Stanford University AU - O'Connor, Michael L AU - Elkaim, Gabriel H AU - Parkinson, Bradford W AU - Stanford University AU - Deere and Company AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - CARRIER-PHASE DGPS FOR CLOSED-LOOP CONTROL OF FARM AND CONSTRUCTION VEHICLES PY - 1996 SP - p. 167-178 AB - This paper explores the use of carrier-phase Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) as the sole position and attitude sensor in closed-loop control of farm and construction vehicles. A land vehicle optimal control system was designed and simulated using realistic plant, sensor, and disturbance models. To validate this simulation, a GPS- equipped electric golf cart was driven to high accuracy under automatic steering control. The data were examined to determine the feasibility of on-line system identification with GPS. KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Global Positioning System UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642382 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00778780 AU - Wambold, J C AU - Airports. Safety and Technical Services AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF GROUND TEST FRICTION MEASURING EQUIPMENT ON RUNWAYS AND TAXIWAYS UNDER WINTER CONDITIONS PY - 1996 SP - 177 p. AB - Describes tests with four ground friction measuring devices that were conducted on a variety of runway and taxiway surfaces contaminated with snow and ice at North Bay Airport. The devices were an electronic recording decelerometer, a continuous fixed-slip type grip tester designed as a three-wheel trailer, a runway analyzer and recorder, and a SAAB friction tester. Conditions included bare and dry from +2 to -24 degrees C, bare and wet, slush, smooth and rough ice, loose snow, medium-packed snow, and hard-packed snow at variable temperatures. For a given contaminant, one to five loops were run by each of the four devices. Correlations between the equipment are presented for the various speeds, tires, and ambient temperatures, as well as for the various contaminants. KW - Airport runways KW - Canada KW - Contaminants KW - Friction tests KW - Ground freezing KW - Snow and ice control KW - Taxiways KW - Winter maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/508673 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00883760 AU - United States Congress AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FEDERAL AVIATION AUTHORIZATION ACT OF 1996: CONFERENCE REPORT (TO ACCOMPANY H.R. 3539).. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Airports KW - Laws and legislation KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/568162 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00883426 AU - NEIDERMAN, ERIC C AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - TEST AND EVALUATION PLAN FOR AIRPORT DEMONSTRATION OF COMPUTER-BASED TRAINING FOR CHECKPOINT OPERATIONS. PY - 1996 IS - PB97-169312 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Computer aided instruction KW - Security KW - Training KW - Training of UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/568099 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00746601 AU - Dimensions International, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - GENERAL AVIATION AND AIR TAXI ACTIVITY SURVEY. ANNUAL SUMMARY REPORT 1996 DATA PY - 1996 SP - 228 p. AB - This report presents the results of the annual General Aviation and Air Taxi Activity Survey. The survey is conducted by the FAA to obtain information on the activity of the US registered general aviation and air taxi aircraft fleet. The report contains breakdowns of active aircraft, annual flight hours, average flight and other statistics by manufacturer/model group, aircraft type, state and region of based aircraft and use. Also included are fuel consumption, lifetime airframe hours, engine hours, miles flown estimates, estimates of the number of landings and IFR hours flown. KW - Air taxi service KW - Aircraft KW - Airframe hours KW - Aviation KW - Engine hours KW - Flight hours KW - Flight time KW - Fuel consumption KW - Landing KW - Reports KW - Survey reports KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473115 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00880855 AU - UNITED STATES. SUBCOMMITTEE ON AVIATION. FOR SALE BY THE U.S. G.P.O., SUPT. OF DOCS., CONGRESSIONAL SALES OFFICE AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - PROPOSALS TO ESTABLISH USER FEES FOR FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION SERVICES HEARINGS BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON AVIATION OF THE COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, ONE HUNDRED FIFTH CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION, FEBRUARY 5 AND 13, 1997.. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - United States KW - User charges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/567829 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00743933 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - CRIMINAL ACTS AGAINST CIVIL AVIATION PY - 1996 SP - 90 p. AB - The FAA maintains records of aircraft highjackings, bombing attacks, and other significant criminal acts against civil and general aviation interests worldwide, which are used to compile this report. Offenses such as these represent serious threats to aviation safety and, in those incidents involving U.S. air carriers or facilities outside the United States, are often intended as symbolic attacks against the United States. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Aviation safety KW - Bombings KW - Civil aviation KW - Crimes aboard aircraft KW - General aviation KW - Hijacking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/471918 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00874599 AU - UNITED STATES. COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION. FOR SALE BY THE U.S. G.P.O., SUPT. OF DOCS., CONGRESSIONAL SALES OFFICE AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AVIATION SECURITY: HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION, UNITED STATES SENATE, ONE HUNDRED FOURTH CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION, AUGUST 1, 1996.. SN - 0160539315 PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Bombings KW - Prevention KW - Research KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/562185 ER - TY - SER AN - 00868067 JO - LAW AND POLICY IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - LEWIS, ELEANOR ROBERTS AU - WEILER, DAVID J TI - WILL THE RUBBER GRIP THE ROAD? -- AN ANALYSIS OF THE U.S.-JAPAN AUTOMOTIVE AGREEMENT. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Automobile industry KW - Japan KW - Regulations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/554725 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00867070 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Proctor, Paul AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - LOWER COSTS DRIVE NEXT-GENERATION 737. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Boeing 737 aircraft UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/634108 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00867047 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Velocci, Anthony L AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - RESTRAINT, AIRLINE HEALTH KEY TO STABLE REBOUND. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Finance KW - Management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/634107 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00866508 JO - ATW: Air Transport World PB - Penton Media AU - DONOGHUE, J A AU - AIRBUS INDUSTRIE AU - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC. AU - Euromoney Publications AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED AIR LINES, INC. TI - SHARING THE SKIES: AS THE NUMBERS OF BIRDS INCREASE, SO DOES THE RISK OF A SERIOUS ACCIDENT INVOLVING A FLOCK. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Bird pests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/634054 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00866274 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - SPARACO, PIERRE AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - COMBATING FATIGUE TO ENHANCE SAFETY. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air pilots KW - Airplanes KW - Fatigue KW - Psychological aspects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/633997 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00866276 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - SMITH, BRUCE A AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - FAA RESTRUCTURING AGING AIRCRAFT RESEARCH. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Jet transports KW - Maintenance KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/633999 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00866510 JO - ATW: Air Transport World PB - Penton Media AU - FLINT, PERRY AU - AIRBUS INDUSTRIE AU - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC. AU - Euromoney Publications AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED AIR LINES, INC. TI - SABRE UNLEASHED: AMR CORP. FINALLY DECIDES TO SPIN OFF ITS HIGHLY PROFITABLE CRS AND IT OPERATION. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Computer systems KW - Computers KW - SABRE (Computer system) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/634056 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00866273 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - SHIFRIN, CAROLE A AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - AVIATION SAFETY TAKES CENTER STAGE WORLDWIDE. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/633996 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00866275 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - MANN, PAUL AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - SAFETY POLITICIZED: FAA VERSUS NTSB. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Safety KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/633998 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00866509 JO - ATW: Air Transport World PB - Penton Media AU - MOORMAN, ROBERT W AU - AIRBUS INDUSTRIE AU - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC. AU - Euromoney Publications AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED AIR LINES, INC. TI - A VORTEX IN ITS WAKE: FAA'S NEW SEPARATION STANDARDS HAVE INDUSTRY FUMING. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Vortices KW - Wakes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/634055 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00866507 JO - ATW: Air Transport World PB - Penton Media AU - FLINT, PERRY AU - AIRBUS INDUSTRIE AU - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC. AU - Euromoney Publications AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED AIR LINES, INC. TI - THE LEOPARD CHANGES ITS SPOTS: SHUTTLE BY UNITED HAS CONFOUNDED ITS CRITICS AND ADROITLY REPOSITIONED ITSELF FOR SUCCESS. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Local service airlines KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/634053 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00864065 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - NORDWALL, BRUCE D AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - MILITARY ORDERS OUTPACE CIVIL DEMAND FOR SIMULATORS. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Flight simulators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632547 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00864221 JO - ATW: Air Transport World PB - Penton Media AU - FELDMAN, JOAN M AU - AIRBUS INDUSTRIE AU - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC. AU - Euromoney Publications AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED AIR LINES, INC. TI - WAS THIS TRIP NECESSARY?: FAA'S POST-VALUJET CRACKDOWN CAUSES CONFUSION IN THE INDUSTRY AMID APPEARANCES OF ITS BEING DRIVEN BY UNFLATTERING' PUBLICITY. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Certification KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632566 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00864120 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - DORNHEIM, MICHAEL A AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - RECOVERED FMC MEMORY PUTS NEW SPIN ON CALI ACCIDENT. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Airplanes KW - Cali (Colombia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632560 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00864076 AU - UNITED STATES. SUBCOMMITTEE ON AVIATION. FOR SALE BY THE U.S. G.P.O., SUPT. OF DOCS., CONGRESSIONAL SALES OFFICE AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - S. 1239, AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 1995: HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON AVIATION OF THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION, UNITED STATES SENATE, ONE HUNDRED FOURTH CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION, SEPTEMBER 27, 1995.. T2 - S 1239, AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 1995 SN - 0160528380 PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Air traffic control KW - Laws and legislation KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/630152 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00864063 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - MORROCCO, JOHN D AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - FLA PARTNERS REACH WORKSHARE AGREEMENT. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Design KW - Jet transports KW - Size UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632545 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00864119 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - SHIFRIN, CAROLE A AU - SPARACO, PIERRE AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - BOEING, AIRBUS DIFFER ON LARGE-AIRCRAFT ISSUES. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Design KW - Jet transports KW - Size UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632559 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00864225 JO - ATW: Air Transport World PB - Penton Media AU - NELMS, DOUGLAS W AU - AIRBUS INDUSTRIE AU - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC. AU - Euromoney Publications AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED AIR LINES, INC. TI - A SIMPLE OBJECTIVE: AMSTERDAM SCHIPHOL'S GOAL IS NOT TO BE THE WORLD'S BIGGEST, MERELY THE BEST. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Amsterdam (Netherlands) KW - Amsterdam Schiphol Airport KW - Management KW - Planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632570 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00864299 JO - ATW: Air Transport World PB - Penton Media AU - WOOLSEY, JAMES P AU - AIRBUS INDUSTRIE AU - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC. AU - Euromoney Publications AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED AIR LINES, INC. TI - COVERING THE TOP: BOEING IS HOPING ITS NEWEST 747 OFFERINGS WILL ANSWER AIRLINE NEEDS WHILE PROTECTING ITS HIGH-CAPACITY MARKET. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Boeing 747 aircraft UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632602 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00864573 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - MCKENNA, JAMES T AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - VALUJET RESUMES OPERATIONS TO NEW SCRUTINY AND RIVALS. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Management KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632670 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00864580 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - PHILLIPS, EDWARD H AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - ADVANCED DETECTION SYSTEMS FOCUS OF FAA TECHNICAL CENTER. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Baggage KW - Baggage handling KW - Detectors KW - Explosives KW - Security UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632677 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00864519 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - PHILLIPS, EDWARD H AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - COCKPIT SWITCHES FOCUS OF BOEING 777 DIRECTIVE. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aircraft navigational aids KW - Airplanes KW - Boeing 777 aircraft UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632656 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00864576 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - OTT, JAMES AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - SOBER VIEW TAKES OVER: WHAT CAN BE DONE?. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Prevention KW - Security KW - Terrorism UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632673 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00864577 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - MORROCCO, JOHN D AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - EUROPE MAKES STEADY PROGRESS ON AIRPORT BAGGAGE SCREENING. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Baggage KW - Baggage handling KW - Europe KW - Prevention KW - Security KW - Terrorism UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632674 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00864223 JO - ATW: Air Transport World PB - Penton Media AU - MOORMAN, ROBERT W AU - AIRBUS INDUSTRIE AU - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC. AU - Euromoney Publications AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED AIR LINES, INC. TI - NO MICKEY MOUSE' OUTFIT: THE CREATORS OF ORLANDO SANFORD AIRPORT PROVE THE OLD ADAGE, WHERE THERE'S A WILL, THERE'S A WAY'. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Orlando (Florida) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632568 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00864301 JO - ATW: Air Transport World PB - Penton Media AU - DUFFY, PAUL AU - AIRBUS INDUSTRIE AU - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC. AU - Euromoney Publications AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED AIR LINES, INC. TI - THE ONLY CONSTANT IS CHANGE: RUSSIAN FREIGHT AIRLINES SEEK NICHES IN AN EVOLVING MARKET. T2 - RUSSIAN FREIGHT AIRLINES SEEK NICHES IN AN EVOLVING MARKET PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Airlines KW - Russia (Federation) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632604 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00864227 JO - ATW: Air Transport World PB - Penton Media AU - VANDYK, ANTHONY AU - AIRBUS INDUSTRIE AU - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC. AU - Euromoney Publications AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED AIR LINES, INC. TI - SAME OLD SONG: AFRICAN CARRIERS MULL DESPERATE FIGHT FOR SURVIVAL' AMID GROWING COMPETITION AND A FUND SHORTAGE. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Africa KW - Airlines KW - Finance KW - Management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632572 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00864520 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - MCKENNA, JAMES T AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - NTSB CITES DAMAGE IN SECOND TWA FUEL TANK. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Airplanes KW - East moriches UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632657 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00864521 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - MORROCCO, JOHN AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - COMPETITION TRANSFORMS SOUTH AFRICA'S SKIES. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Airlines KW - South Africa UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632658 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00864575 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - OTT, JAMES AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - AIRPORT SECURITY, A BROADER PLAN, NOT A SILVER BULLET'. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Prevention KW - Security KW - Terrorism UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632672 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00864578 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - DORNHEIM, MICHAEL A AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - NUCLEAR DETECTION OF EXPLOSIVES STILL SHOWS PROMISE. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Detectors KW - Explosives UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632675 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00864715 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - PHILLIPS, EDWARD H AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - GAO URGES SCRUTINY OF NEW AIRLINES. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Airlines KW - Certification KW - Safety KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632708 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00864260 AU - Della Rocco, Pamela S AU - Cruz, Crystal E AU - National Technical Information Service AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - SHIFT WORK, AGE AND PERFORMANCE: INVESTIGATION OF THE 2-2-1 SHIFT SCHEDULE USED IN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL FACILITIES.. T2 - INVESTIGATION OF THE 2-2-1 SHIFT SCHEDULE USED IN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL FACILITIES PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Shift systems KW - Shifts KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/630249 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00864064 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - NORDWALL, BRUCE D AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - AEROSPACE ADVANCES CHALLENGE TRAINING. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Flight simulators KW - Technological innovations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632546 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00864222 JO - ATW: Air Transport World PB - Penton Media AU - FLINT, PERRY AU - AIRBUS INDUSTRIE AU - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC. AU - Euromoney Publications AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED AIR LINES, INC. TI - HIGH TIDE FOR PROFITS: STRONG TRAFFIC AND THE ABSENCE OF THE TICKET TAX BOOST U.S. AIRLINES TO A RECORD QUARTER. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Finance KW - Management KW - Operating costs KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632567 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00864224 JO - ATW: Air Transport World PB - Penton Media AU - HILL, LEONARD AU - AIRBUS INDUSTRIE AU - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC. AU - Euromoney Publications AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED AIR LINES, INC. TI - ENDLESS BATTLE OF BERLIN: AFTER YEARS OF BICKERING, SCHONEFELD IS TO BECOME THE CITY'S NEW' SINGLE AIRPORT. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Berlin (Germany) KW - Management KW - Planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632569 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00864226 JO - ATW: Air Transport World PB - Penton Media AU - MOORMAN, ROBERT W AU - AIRBUS INDUSTRIE AU - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC. AU - Euromoney Publications AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED AIR LINES, INC. TI - DENVER SOUTH!: A NEW TERMINAL, POPULATION BOOM AND LOW-FARE WESTERN PACIFIC HAVE PRODUCED A TERRIFIC TURNAROUND AT COLORADO SPRINGS AIRPORT. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Colorado Springs (Colorado) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632571 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00864298 JO - ATW: Air Transport World PB - Penton Media AU - FLINT, PERRY AU - AIRBUS INDUSTRIE AU - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC. AU - Euromoney Publications AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED AIR LINES, INC. TI - CYBER HOPE OR CYBER HYPE?: SEAT SALES VIA THE INTERNET COULD BE THE TICKET TO 100% LOAD FACTORS AND RECORD-BREAKING PROFITABILITY, SAYS ONE ANALYST. T2 - SEAT SALES VIA THE INTERNET COULD BE THE TICKET TO 100% LOAD FACTORS AND RECORD-BREAKING PROFITABILITY, SAYS ONE ANALYST PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Internet KW - Rates KW - Reservation systems KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632601 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00864300 JO - ATW: Air Transport World PB - Penton Media AU - HILL, LEONARD AU - AIRBUS INDUSTRIE AU - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC. AU - Euromoney Publications AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED AIR LINES, INC. TI - THAI'D IN KNOTS: WITH PRIVATIZATION UNLIKELY, THAI AIRWAYS BANKS ON A VIRTUAL' RESTRUCTURING TO MAKE IT MORE COMPETITIVE, LESS VULNERABLE TO OUTSIDE MEDDLING. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Finance KW - Management KW - Thailand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632603 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00864572 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Velocci, Anthony L AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - BANKRUPT KIWI SEEKS NEW FUNDS TO REBUILD ROUTE STRUCTURE. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Finance KW - Management KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632669 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00864574 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - DORNHEIM, MICHAEL A AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - LAX FUND TRANSFER TO CITY MAY REKINDLE OLD FEUD. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Finance KW - Los Angeles (California) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632671 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00864579 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - PHILLIPS, EDWARD H AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - MIX OF TECHNOLOGIES KEY TO INCREASED SECURITY. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Prevention KW - Technological innovations KW - Terrorism UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632676 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00864581 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - DOGS PLAY AT DEADLY GAME.. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Dogs KW - Police KW - Security UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632678 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00863933 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Velocci, Anthony L AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - FUEL PRICES FAIL TO GROUND SOARING AIRLINE PROFITS. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Finance KW - Management KW - Operating costs KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632533 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00863934 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - MCKENNA, JAMES T AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - TWA CRASH PROBERS STUDY FUEL TANK BLAST. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Airplanes KW - East moriches UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/632534 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861826 JO - ATW: Air Transport World PB - Penton Media AU - NELMS, DOUGLAS W AU - AIRBUS INDUSTRIE AU - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC. AU - Euromoney Publications AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED AIR LINES, INC. TI - THE NEW WAVE, DUTCH STYLE: KLM COMBINES CARGO AND PASSENGERS ON HIGH UTILIZATION COMBI AIRCRAFT TO EXPAND ITS INTERNATIONAL NICHES. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/631173 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00862055 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - MCKENNA, JAMES T AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - FAA UNCOVERS MORE VALUJET LAPSES. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air pilots KW - Airlines KW - Management KW - Training KW - Training of KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/631269 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00862056 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Proctor, Paul AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - SAN FRANCISCO AIRPORTS BRACE FOR INCREASED TRAFFIC. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Design KW - San Francisco Bay Area KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/631270 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861825 JO - ATW: Air Transport World PB - Penton Media AU - FLINT, PERRY AU - AIRBUS INDUSTRIE AU - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC. AU - Euromoney Publications AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED AIR LINES, INC. TI - THE HUB SPECIALIST: NORTHWEST AIRLINES TURNED ITSELF AROUND BY FOCUSING ON ITS CORE COMPETENCIES. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/631172 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861827 JO - ATW: Air Transport World PB - Penton Media AU - FELDMAN, JOAN M AU - AIRBUS INDUSTRIE AU - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC. AU - Euromoney Publications AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED AIR LINES, INC. TI - CYBERSPACE DIRECT: AIRLINES EMBRACE DISTRIBUTION THROUGH THE INTERNET AND WORLD WIDE WEB BUT WORRY ABOUT A WRONG CHOICE. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Internet UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/631174 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861824 JO - ATW: Air Transport World PB - Penton Media AU - REED, ARTHUR AU - AIRBUS INDUSTRIE AU - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC. AU - Euromoney Publications AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED AIR LINES, INC. TI - E PLURIBUS UNUM: OVER TIME, AIRBUS'S PARTNERS WILL CEDE OWNERSHIP AND CONTROL TO FORM A PUBLIC COMPANY WITH ITS OWN CAPITAL STRUCTURE. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/631171 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00862057 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - SCOTT, WILLIAM B AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - COMPOSITE PARTS WILL PAY DIVIDENDS ON FUTURE ENGINES. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Composite materials KW - Motors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/631271 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861788 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - SEKIGAWA, EIICHIRO AU - MECHAM, MICHAEL AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - PILOTS, A300 SYSTEMS CITED IN NAGOYA CRASH. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Japan UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525833 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00861611 AU - McLean, G A AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AIRCRAFT EVACUATIONS ONTO ESCAPE SLIDES AND PLATFORMS.. T2 - EFFECTS OF PASSENGER MOTIVATION PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Aircraft cabins KW - Competition KW - Design KW - Survival UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/523336 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861627 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - PHILLIPS, EDWARD H AU - MANN, PAUL AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - TERRORIST FEARS DEEPEN WITH 747'S DESTRUCTION. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - East moriches UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525769 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861185 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - MCKENNA, JAMES T AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - SAFETY CONCERNS GROUND VALUJET. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Florida KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525665 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861428 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Proctor, Paul AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - BOEING POISED TO OFFER STRETCHED 747 VERSIONS. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Boeing 747 aircraft UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525716 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861430 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - PHILLIPS, EDWARD H AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - VALUJET HEARINGS FOCUS ON FAA OVERSIGHT. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Miami (Florida) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525718 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861313 JO - ATW: Air Transport World PB - Penton Media AU - NELMS, DOUGLAS W AU - AIRBUS INDUSTRIE AU - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC. AU - Euromoney Publications AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED AIR LINES, INC. TI - A VISUAL DIFFERENCE: LEVEL D SIMULATORS TAKE TRAINING ONE STEP BEYOND, BUT AIRLINES ARE DIVIDED ON THE ADDED VALUE. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Flight simulators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525688 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861510 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - NORDWALL, BRUCE D AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - NTSB: ICE CAUSED INDIANA ATR72 CRASH. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Airplanes KW - Rosetown UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525754 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861629 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - MANN, PAUL AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - IMAGING SYSTEMS NEED HUMAN TOUCH. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Detectors KW - Security KW - Terrorism UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525771 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861721 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - PHILLIPS, EDWARD H AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - TWA PROBE ADVANCES, BUT NO CAUSE FOUND. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - East moriches UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525824 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861369 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Proctor, Paul AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - BOEING STUDIES FUTURE 777 OPTIONS. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Boeing 777 aircraft UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525699 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861429 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - SPARACO, PIERRE AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - MASSIVE FRENCH MERGERS IMMINENT. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aerospace industry KW - France UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525717 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861509 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - OTT, JAMES AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - JT8D HUB FAILURE SPARKS INTENSE INQUIRY. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Airplanes KW - Pensacola (Florida) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525753 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00861254 AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED STATES. FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICE TI - THE WRIGHT APPROACH III.. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airworthiness KW - Certification KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/523220 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861628 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - MANN, PAUL AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - TWA DISASTER REOPENS TOUGH SECURITY ISSUES. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Detectors KW - Prevention KW - Security KW - Terrorism UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525770 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861312 JO - ATW: Air Transport World PB - Penton Media AU - WILEY, JOHN AU - AIRBUS INDUSTRIE AU - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC. AU - Euromoney Publications AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED AIR LINES, INC. TI - CHANGING CREWS: AIRLINES ADMIT THEY MADE MISTAKES IN INTRODUCING COCKPIT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT BUT BELIEVE THEY ARE ON TRACK NOW. T2 - AIRLINES ADMIT THEY MADE MISTAKES IN INTRODUCING COCKPIT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT BUT BELIEVE THEY ARE ON TRACK NOW PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Flight crews KW - Flight training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525687 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861511 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - SHIFRIN, CAROLE A AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - VALUJET TO CHANGE OPERATIONS, SEEKS AUGUST RESTART. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Local service airlines KW - Management KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525755 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860891 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Velocci, Anthony L AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - INDEX OF COMPETITIVENESS: EXCLUSIVE RANKINGS OF U.S. COMPANIES: SMALL SUPPLIERS OUTSPACE LARGE AEROSPACE FIRMS. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aerospace industry KW - Aircraft industry KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525553 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860893 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - SHIFRIN, CAROLE A AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - BRITISH AIRWAYS TRACK RECORD OFFERS COMPETITIVE PARADIGM. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Management KW - United Kingdom UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525555 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860895 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - PHILLIPS, EDWARD H AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - SEAMLESS SERVICE, JET AIRCRAFT DRIVE COMPETITION AMONG REGIONALS. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Local service airlines KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525557 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860844 JO - Airline Business PB - Reed Business Information, Limited AU - WHITAKER, RICHARD AU - AMERICA WEST AIRLINES AU - Insight Media, Limited AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES. AU - MALEV. TI - HUNGARIAN DANCE, MALEV: WHILE IT AWAITS THE NEXT STAGE OF PRIVATISATION, HUNGARY'S FLAG CARRIER IS BUSY IMPROVING ITS EFFICIENCY. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Hungary UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525517 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861039 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - SCOOT, WILLIAM B AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - NEW RESEARCH IDENTIFIES CAUSES OF CFIT. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Airplanes KW - Proximity detectors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525610 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00860666 AU - PRABHAKAR, ANAND S AU - National Technical Information Service AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LOCAL AREA AUGMENTATION SYSTEM AND ALTERNATIVE ARCHITECTURES. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Airports KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Instrument landing systems KW - Landing aids UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/49000/49400/49438/GetTRDoc_AD_ADA308065_Location_U2_doc_GetTRDoc.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/523073 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00860859 AU - SHAGAM, RICHARD N AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES, AGING AIRCRAFT NDI VALIDATION CENTER UNDER CONTRACT NO. TI - LIGHT SHAPING DIFFUSERS FOR IMPROVED VISUAL INPSECTION OF AIRCRAFT. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Diffusers KW - Equipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/523106 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860841 JO - Airline Business PB - Reed Business Information, Limited AU - GALLACHER, JACKIE AU - AMERICA WEST AIRLINES AU - Insight Media, Limited AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES. AU - MALEV. TI - A CLEARER DIRECTION?: AIRLINE ALLIANCES. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Finance KW - Management KW - Strategic alliances UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525514 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860892 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Velocci, Anthony L AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - EUROPE SURMOUNTING HURDLES TO BECOME A TOUGHER COMPETITOR. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aerospace industry KW - Aircraft industry KW - Europe UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525554 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860894 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - MECHAM, MICHAEL AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - SINGAPORE TURNS LINKAGES' INTO BUSINESS ASSET. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aerospace industry KW - Aircraft industry KW - Singapore UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525556 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860843 JO - Airline Business PB - Reed Business Information, Limited AU - ODELL, MARK AU - AMERICA WEST AIRLINES AU - Insight Media, Limited AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES. AU - MALEV. TI - MIRROR IMAGES: JAPAN'S TWO LARGEST CARRIERS ARE EYEING EACH OTHER'S TRADITIONAL MARKETS AS THEY STRUGGLE TO RECTIFY THE ADVANTAGES ENJOYED BY THEIR U.S. RIVALS AND THE DISADVANTAGES OF JAPANESE AIRPORT CONGESTION. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Airports KW - Japan UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525516 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860845 JO - Airline Business PB - Reed Business Information, Limited AU - HAWORTH, MIKE AU - AMERICA WEST AIRLINES AU - Insight Media, Limited AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES. AU - MALEV. TI - GOOD RELATIONS: WHY ARE MOST AIRPORTS BUILDING UP THEIR MARKETING EFFORTS TO AIRLINES?. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Marketing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525518 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860890 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - MCKENNA, JAMES T AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - SAFETY BOARD REVIEWS VALUJET OPERATIONS. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Airplanes KW - Miami (Florida) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525552 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861040 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - PHILLIPS, EDWARD H AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - VALUJET HEARINGS TO PROBE FAA ROLE. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Airplanes KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525611 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861094 JO - ATW: Air Transport World PB - Penton Media AU - HILL, LEONARD AU - AIRBUS INDUSTRIE AU - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC. AU - Euromoney Publications AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED AIR LINES, INC. TI - NEVER ON SHABBAT: AMID FOOT DRAGGING OVER PRIVATIZATION AND OPERATIONAL PARALYSIS BETWTEEN DUSK ON FRIDAY AND DUSK ON SATURDAY, EL AL SCORES PROFITS. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Deregulation KW - Finance KW - Israel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525643 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860842 JO - Airline Business PB - Reed Business Information, Limited AU - JENNINGS, MEAD AU - AMERICA WEST AIRLINES AU - Insight Media, Limited AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES. AU - MALEV. TI - IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES: US TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS HAVE LONG BEEN QUIETLY OFFERING ANTITRUST IMMUNITY AS A GIFT FOR OPENING UP INTERNATIONAL MARKETS TO THEIR AIRLINES. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Deregulation KW - Management KW - Strategic alliances KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525515 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860683 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Proctor, Paul AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - UNDECLARED CARGO COMPLICATES TRANSPORT OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Airplanes KW - Commodities KW - Freight traffic KW - Hazardous materials KW - Oxygen equipment KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525429 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860684 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - PHILLIPS, EDWARD H AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - VALUJET'S ACCIDENT RATE HIGHEST AMONG LOW-COST AIRLINES. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Airlines KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525430 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00860712 AU - MURTHY, S N B AU - Lewis Research Center AU - Purdue University AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF HIGH BYPASS RATIO TURBINE ENGINES WITH WATER INGESTION. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Jet engines KW - Jet propelled aircraft KW - Water UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/523079 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861077 JO - ATW: Air Transport World PB - Penton Media AU - AIRBUS INDUSTRIE AU - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC. AU - Euromoney Publications AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED AIR LINES, INC. TI - WORLD AIRLINE REPORT, 1996 EDITION.. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Airlines KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525626 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860846 JO - Airline Business PB - Reed Business Information, Limited AU - BLACKLOCK, MARK AU - AMERICA WEST AIRLINES AU - Insight Media, Limited AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES. AU - MALEV. TI - MARKETING A PACKAGE: ABU DHABI, HOST CITY FOR ROUTES '97, HAS ITS OWN UNIQUE APPROACH TO AIRPORT MARKETING. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Ab'u 'zaby KW - Airports KW - Marketing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525519 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860889 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - NORDWALL, BRUCE D AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - FREE FLIGHT COULD STALL WITHOUT KEY DATA LINK: AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS WILL NEED THE INFORMATION FROM ADS-B TO ENSURE FLIGHT SAFETY FOR FREE FLIGHT. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Airplanes KW - Airports UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525551 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860896 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KANDEBO, STANELY W AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - U.S. INITIATIVE AIMS TO CUT MILITARY AIRCRAFT COSTS. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aerospace industry KW - Design KW - Military aircraft KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525558 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723869 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - REES, J H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EUROPEAN UNION PERSPECTIVE SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 31-36 AB - This conference presentation gives the European perspective on intermodal transport, or what Europeans call combined-transport. It is pointed out that, whereas in the United States intermodalism was developed on the basis that it would increase the efficiency of the transport system as a whole, in terms of its rate of return, in the European Union (EU) it was developed to satisfy the demand for transport and to do so in an environmentally friendly way. Another difference is that, unlike in the United States, in the EU most goods move over short distances. Thus the EU needs an intermodal transport system that has the same quality and cost as the road alternative. To provide this, the EU is developing integrated planning, or a trans-European network for combined-transport. The problem in doing this is that the railway systems in the EU are run individually, by each nation, and have never really been interested in the international business. One of the areas that the EU is developing is automated terminals. Another is the technology for transferring pallets very rapidly. The EU has a high-speed rail network for passenger transport well under way, which will free up capacity for freight trains on the conventional system. The EU has 11 designs of road railers up and running, a hub system called Commeter, and a research program ready to start for the development of new technologies, particularly in intermodal. In conclusion, it is stated that both the United States and the EU have ideas and solutions for intermodal transport that need to be shared in order to advance intermodalism as a whole. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Automation KW - Conferences KW - Cooperation KW - Development KW - Dual mode vehicles KW - European Commission KW - European Union KW - High speed rail KW - Hubs KW - Integrated planning KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Intermodal transportation KW - International KW - International compacts KW - Pallet transfer KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Road railers KW - Technological innovations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463204 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723872 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Dahms, L D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. SESSION 4: MPOS REENGINEERING FOR INTERMODALISM. ISSUE OVERVIEW SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 98-99 AB - This issue overview of the conference session entitled MPOs Reengineering for Intermodalism discusses how the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) progressed from a project to a systems approach, which produced the Metropolitan Transportation System, and the progress the MTC is making in addressing freight and intermodal issues; examines the unresolved problems that threaten to mask this progress and that of similar efforts; and offers reasons why the conventional wisdom, which says that the local orientation of MPOs may stand in the way of intermodal investments, is misdirected. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Metropolitan planning organizations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463207 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723873 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Huerta, M P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. CLOSING REMARKS SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 187-188 AB - These closing remarks comment on deregulation as the initiator of intermodalism, on how we must not lose sight of the fact that intermodalism is providing transportation service for the benefit of its customers, on the need to celebrate accomplishments and seize opportunities, and on the theme of continuous improvement. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Customer service KW - Deregulation KW - Improvements KW - Intermodal transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463208 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723868 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Porter, M M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE CHALLENGE OF MANAGING AN INTERMODAL SYSTEM SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 27-30 AB - This conference presentation addresses the past, present, and future of intermodal transportation in the United States, and discusses the role of CSX Intermodal in the intermodal transportation arena. In conclusion, it is stated that private industry and the government have to be innovative in meeting the nation's freight and transportation needs for the future, and all must have the determination, persistence, and will to make intermodal transportation in this country successful. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Governments KW - Innovation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Management KW - Private enterprise UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463203 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723870 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Borrone, L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. SESSION 2: INTERMODAL HUB FACILITIES AND CORRIDORS. ISSUE OVERVIEW AND WRAP-UP REMARKS SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 41-43,56 AB - This issue overview for the conference session entitled Intermodal Hub Facilities and Corridors stresses the progress being made in hub facility and corridor projects, highlights the obstacles that must be overcome, and comments on the vision for intermodal services in the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). The Wrap-Up Remarks comment on the opportunity to realize the vision set forth under ISTEA and on the things that can be done to achieve intermodal nirvana. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Hubs KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463205 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723864 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Meyer, M D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 1-7 AB - This second conference on intermodalism emphasized examples of effective intermodal project and plan implementation. This executive summary highlights the key observations and messages that emerged from this conference. Given the long-term, evolutionary perspective toward intermodalism adopted by the conference, these summary comments should be considered a point of departure for further consideration of intermodalism in the context of transportation planning and decision making. Concepts needing further exploration were identified. Intermodalism was viewed fundamentally as a dynamic process, one that responds to opportunities for improving the transportation system in a changing world. In summary, the conference was another step in the process of developing a true intermodal transportation system. The key concepts discussed there provide guidance on how intermodalism can be successfully incorporated into planning and investment decisions. The following global themes emerged from the conference presentations: not business as usual; partnerships; total-trip perspective; market-driven planning; customer orientation; rethinking roles and responsibilities; funding; importance of linkage; consideration of intermodalism at all levels: policy, planning, design, and operations; technology innovation; and intermodalism as opportunity. Intermodalism was viewed by many conference participants as an opportunity to improve the efficiency of the transportation system and, ultimately, to benefit society in a variety of ways. Several case studies described these benefits, which included economic, environmental, safety, and quality of life benefits. Concerning implementation, the conference presentations pointed to strategies for and approaches to project implementation that proved successful for particular situations. Presentations related to three areas: systemwide/areawide approaches, corridor or subarea applications, and site-specific strategies. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Benefits KW - Case studies KW - Conferences KW - Implementation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463199 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723866 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Canby, A P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. REPORT FROM THE NATIONAL COMMISSION ON INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATION BY COMMISSION MEMBER ANNE P. CANBY SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 17-20 AB - The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) established a National Commission on Intermodal Transportation to study the status of intermodal standardization, intermodal impacts on public works infrastructure, legal impediments to efficient intermodal transportation, financial issues, new technologies, problems in documenting intermodal transfers of freight, research and development needs, and the relationship of intermodal transportation to productivity. This paper presents a report on the work of the National Commission on Intermodal Transportation by Commission Member Anne P. Canby, Delaware Secretary of Transportation. Mrs. Canby points out that a guiding light for the commission was Secretary Pena's remarks on integrating all modes of transportation into a seamless system. She comments on the commission's many discussions, including those on the benefits of intermodalism and on the opportunities available through intermodalism, and remarks on the three basic areas on which recommendations were focused - making efficient intermodal transportation the goal of federal policy, increasing investment in intermodal transportation and strategically focusing any increased investment in that area, and restructuring government institutions to support intermodal transportation. She highlights the commission's recommendations in each of these areas. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Benefits KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Investments KW - National commission on intermodal transportation KW - National transportation policies KW - Recommendations KW - Restructuring KW - Transportation policy KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463201 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723871 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Patin, JWP AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. SESSION 3: STATE SAMPLER. ISSUE OVERVIEW SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 61-63 AB - This issue overview for the conference session entitled State Sampler gives an overview of what the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development is doing toward the development of an intermodal transportation infrastructure system. Louisiana was one of six states awarded a $3 million grant by the U.S. Department of Transportation to develop a prototype intermodal transportation master plan. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Louisiana KW - Master plans KW - Prototypes KW - State departments of transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463206 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723863 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994 SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - 260 p. AB - These proceedings are organized as follows: Executive Summary; Plenary Session 1, containing the keynote address and reports from the members of the National Commission on Intermodal Transportation; Luncheon Presentations; Plenary Sessions 2 through 9, some containing an issue overview, with case studies supporting the theme of the session; An appendix with poster session case studies and corporate profiles; and A listing of conference participants. The case studies developed by the participants are snapshots of progress toward realizing intermodal systems, snapshots ranging from policy funding innovations to technical solutions. The proceedings provide a workbook of ideas and a directory of diverse national initiatives upon which to draw. All speeches are not quoted here; rather, session summaries and case study templates are presented. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Case studies KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463198 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723865 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Huerta, M P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. KEYNOTE ADDRESS SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 11-16 AB - This keynote address briefly reviews the first conference on intermodal transportation that took place in Irvine, California, in 1992 and addressed the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) and intermodal planning, then discusses the progress that has been made in the continuing evolution of intermodalism. The achievements of the Department of Transportation in three areas - advancing the intermodal agenda, funding for intermodal projects, and changes in the intermodal regulatory environment - are highlighted. In conclusion, areas of future focus are identified. These are funding for intermodal projects, analytic tools, and roles and relationships. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Data needs KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Implementation KW - Information organization KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Partnerships KW - Planning KW - Policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463200 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723867 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Donohue, T J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. REPORT FROM THE NATIONAL COMMISSION ON INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATION BY COMMISSION MEMBER THOMAS J. DONOHUE SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 20-23 AB - The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) established a National Commission on Intermodal Transportation to study the status of intermodal standardization, intermodal impacts on public works infrastructure, legal impediments to efficient intermodal transportation, financial issues, new technologies, problems in documenting intermodal transfers of freight, research and development needs, and the relationship of intermodal transportation to productivity. This paper presents a report on the work of the National Commission on Intermodal Transportation by Commission Member Thomas J. Donohue, President and CEO of American Trucking Associations, Inc. Mr. Donohue comments on the commission's report and recent political and market realities that contradict or support it, and on the conference presentations. He notes, in particular, the following four recommendations: support for the National Highway System and intermodal connectors (roads that connect to a rail, air, or water terminal); coordination between transportation, environmental, and related health and regulatory policies; the application of new technology for processing freight across the United States-Mexico and United States-Canada international borders; and changes in the rules that govern federal and state procurement processes for transportation. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Connectivity KW - Coordination KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - International borders KW - Markets KW - National commission on intermodal transportation KW - National Highway System KW - National transportation policies KW - Political factors KW - Procurement KW - Recommendations KW - Technological innovations KW - Transportation policy KW - United States KW - United States-Canada Border KW - United States-Mexico Border UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463202 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860288 JO - Airline Business PB - Reed Business Information, Limited AU - ODELL, MARK AU - AMERICA WEST AIRLINES AU - Insight Media, Limited AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES. AU - MALEV. TI - NEW LOT ON THE BLOCK.... PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Deregulation KW - Management KW - Poland KW - Privatization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525272 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860464 JO - Airline Business PB - Reed Business Information, Limited AU - ODELL, MARK AU - AMERICA WEST AIRLINES AU - Insight Media, Limited AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES. AU - MALEV. TI - FOOD FOR THOUGHT: CATERING COST-CUTTING AND BRANDING ARE THE MANTRAS OF TODAY'S AIRLINE MANAGERS. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Food service KW - Management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525359 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860290 JO - Airline Business PB - Reed Business Information, Limited AU - BALLANTYNE, TOM AU - AMERICA WEST AIRLINES AU - Insight Media, Limited AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES. AU - MALEV. TI - A POLICY, PLEASE: AFTER APRIL'S GENERAL ELECTION, INDIA'S GOVERNMENT WILL FACE AN URGENT CHALLENGE, THE INTRODUCTION OF POLICIES WHICH WILL ENABLE THE COUNTRY'S CHAOTIC AIRLINE INDUSTRY TO ENJOY SUCCESS. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - India UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525274 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860450 JO - ATW: Air Transport World PB - Penton Media AU - FALVEY, CHRIS AU - AIRBUS INDUSTRIE AU - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC. AU - Euromoney Publications AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED AIR LINES, INC. TI - RELUCTANT ROMANCE: AIR NEW ZEALAND AND ANSETT AUSTRALIA MUDDLE TOWARD INEVITABLE MERGER AS GROUSING BY THEIR GOVERNMENTS GROWS. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Australasia KW - Mergers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525349 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860465 JO - Airline Business PB - Reed Business Information, Limited AU - Singh, Sandeep AU - AMERICA WEST AIRLINES AU - Insight Media, Limited AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES. AU - MALEV. TI - UPSTANDING PIA: PAKISTAN'S PRIVATE CARRIERS, LAUNCHED LESS THAN THREE YEARS AGO, HAVE RUFFLED THE FEATHERS OF STATE-OWNED PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES AND TRANSFORMED THE COUNTRY'S AIRLINE INDUSTRY. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Pakistan UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525360 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860600 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - MCKENNA, JAMES T AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - CRASH PROBE EYES OXYGEN DEVICES. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Airplanes KW - Hazardous materials KW - Miami (Florida) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525410 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860447 JO - ATW: Air Transport World PB - Penton Media AU - FLINT, PERRY AU - AIRBUS INDUSTRIE AU - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC. AU - Euromoney Publications AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED AIR LINES, INC. TI - IF YOU CAN'T BEAT 'EM: EUROPE'S AIRLINES HAVE MORE THAN HELD THEIR OWN AGAINST THE 'BIG THREE' BUT MULTINATIONAL ALLIANCES ARE RESHAPING THE TRANSATLANTIC BATTLEFIELD. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Airlines KW - International business enterprises UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525346 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860289 JO - Airline Business PB - Reed Business Information, Limited AU - JENNINGS, MEAD AU - AMERICA WEST AIRLINES AU - Insight Media, Limited AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES. AU - MALEV. TI - WISH YOU WERE HERE: A PLETHORA OF LOW FARE AIRLINES HAS INVADED FLORIDA, AN AVIATION MARKET THAT TRADITIONALLY SERVES LOW YIELD LEISURE TRAFFIC. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Airlines KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525273 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860448 JO - ATW: Air Transport World PB - Penton Media AU - FELDMAN, JOAN M AU - AIRBUS INDUSTRIE AU - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC. AU - Euromoney Publications AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED AIR LINES, INC. TI - SOME CALL IT OLIGOPOLY: REGULATORS ARE ASKING QUESTIONS ABOUT CODE- SHARING ALLIANCES AND THEIR EFFECT ON COMPETITION, ESPECIALLY ON THE NORTH ATLANTIC. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Competition KW - International KW - International competition UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525347 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860449 JO - ATW: Air Transport World PB - Penton Media AU - NELMS, DOUGLAS W AU - AIRBUS INDUSTRIE AU - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC. AU - Euromoney Publications AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED AIR LINES, INC. TI - ALASKA TURNAROUND: LOW FARES, OLD-STYLE SERVICE AND A NEW COST STRUCTURE HAVE RETURNED THE SMALLEST U.S. MAJOR TO THE PROFIT COLUMN. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525348 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860604 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - MCKENNA, JAMES T AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - CARGO HAZARDS ALARM VALUJET CRASH PROBERS. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Miami (Florida) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525412 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860463 JO - Airline Business PB - Reed Business Information, Limited AU - JENNINGS, MEAD AU - AMERICA WEST AIRLINES AU - Insight Media, Limited AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES. AU - MALEV. TI - NO MORE ROOM AT THE INN?: CONTINUED CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS AT LONDON/HEATHROW HAVE LONG DICTATED THE U.S. POSITION IN LIBERALISATION TALKS WITH THE U.K.. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Heathrow Airport KW - International airports KW - London (England) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525358 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860117 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Proctor, Paul AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - CANADA PRIVATIZING AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Canada KW - Privatization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525158 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860124 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - MORROCCO, JOHN D AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - U.K. RESTRUCTURES AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - United Kingdom UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525165 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00859788 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - SHIFRIN, CAROLE A AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - FAA REFORMS SET IN MOTION. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525050 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860123 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Hughes, David AU - COVAULT, CRAIG AU - Proctor, Paul AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - USAF, NTSB, CROATIA PROBE 737 CRASH. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Dubrovnik (Croatia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525164 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00859969 AU - UNITED STATES. COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION. FOR SALE BY THE U.S. G.P.O., SUPT. OF DOCS., CONGRESSIONAL SALES OFFICE AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - OVERSIGHT HEARING ON AVIATION SAFETY: HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION, UNITED STATES SENATE, ONE HUNDRED FOURTH CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION, JANUARY 12, 1995.. SN - 0160522846 PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Commuter aircraft KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/522941 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860053 JO - ATW: Air Transport World PB - Penton Media AU - DONOGHUE, J A AU - AIRBUS INDUSTRIE AU - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC. AU - Euromoney Publications AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED AIR LINES, INC. TI - AND ONE TO GROW ON: AIRLINES ARE PRESSURING HONG KONG TO ADVANCE PLANS FOR BUILDING A SECOND RUNWAY AT CHEK LAP KOK TO MEET PEAK-HOUR DEMAND AT OPENING. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airport runways KW - Airports KW - Hong Kong (China) KW - Planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525124 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860125 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - OTT, JAMES AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - CITY, STATE FORCES WRANGLE OVER THIRD CHICAGO AIRPORT. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Chicago Metropolitan Area KW - Planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525166 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00722160 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AIRPORT ACTIVITY STATISTICS OF CERTIFICATED ROUTE AIR CARRIERS - 12 MONTHS ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1994 SN - 016048653X PY - 1996 SP - 1322 p. AB - This edition presents the volume of revenue passenger, freight, and mail traffic handled by the nation's large certificated air carriers at each airport served during the 12 months ending December 31, 1994. In addition, a presentation of aircraft departures is shown including detail by aircraft type for total departures performed in scheduled, nonscheduled and all services. KW - Air traffic KW - Air travel KW - Aircraft KW - Airlines KW - Airport operations KW - Arrivals and departures KW - Freight traffic KW - Passenger traffic KW - Postal service KW - Revenues KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459567 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00859717 JO - ATW: Air Transport World PB - Penton Media AU - NELMS, DOUGLAS W AU - AIRBUS INDUSTRIE AU - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC. AU - Euromoney Publications AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED AIR LINES, INC. TI - REGULATORY OVERREACH: UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW, JUST HOW FAR CAN A GOVERNMENT GO TO PROTECT ITS OWN ENLIGHTENED SELF-INTEREST?. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Laws and legislation KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525040 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00859716 JO - ATW: Air Transport World PB - Penton Media AU - FLINT, PERRY AU - AIRBUS INDUSTRIE AU - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC. AU - Euromoney Publications AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED AIR LINES, INC. TI - THE OLDEST START-UP. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Finance KW - Management KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525039 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00859303 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Hughes, David AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - AIR CANADA, CAI SPAR OVER KEY MARKETS. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Canada UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/524901 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00859458 JO - Airline Business PB - Reed Business Information, Limited AU - GUILD, SARA AU - AMERICA WEST AIRLINES AU - Insight Media, Limited AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES. AU - MALEV. TI - DUE SOUTH: OPEN SKIES TO THE U.S., NEW ASIAN ROUTES AND PREPARATION FOR A HEFTY FLEET RENEWAL MADE 1995 A BUSY YEAR FOR AIR CANADA. T2 - OPEN SKIES TO THE U.S., NEW ASIAN ROUTES AND PREPARATION FOR A HEFTY FLEET RENEWAL MADE 1995 A BUSY YEAR FOR AIR CANADA PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Canada KW - Finance KW - Management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/524965 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00859302 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Velocci, Anthony L AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - NEW PAN AM TO TRY AGAIN. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/524900 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00859459 JO - Airline Business PB - Reed Business Information, Limited AU - LEVERE, JANE AU - AMERICA WEST AIRLINES AU - Insight Media, Limited AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES. AU - MALEV. TI - SORE OVER SAFETY: THE FAA'S CONTROVERSIAL PUBLIC RATINGS OF FOREIGN CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITIES' SAFETY PRACTICES IS CAUSING MANY TO CRY FOUL AND IS WREAKING HAVOC WITH SOME NON-US CARRIERS' FINANCES. T2 - FAA'S CONTROVERSIAL PUBLIC RATINGS OF FOREIGN CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITIES' SAFETY PRACTICES IS CAUSING MANY TO CRY FOUL AND IS WREAKING HAVOC WITH SOME NON-US CARRIERS' FINANCES PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Airlines KW - Finance KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/524966 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00859301 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Proctor, Paul AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - BOEING HOMES IN ON FUTURE 747 DESIGN. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Boeing 747 aircraft KW - Design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/524899 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00859472 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - MCKENNA, JAMES T AU - MORROCCO, JOHN D AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - ATLANTIC SEARCHED FOR CRASH CLUES. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Dominican Republic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/524978 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00858814 JO - Airline Business PB - Reed Business Information, Limited AU - KNIBB, DAVID AU - AMERICA WEST AIRLINES AU - Insight Media, Limited AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES. AU - MALEV. TI - NEW CHAPTER OF GROWTH: A YEAR AFTER EMERGING FROM BANKRUPTCY, AMERICA WEST IS RESUMING GROWTH, BUT THIS TIME THE CARRIER PLANS TO DO THINGS DIFFERENTLY. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Finance KW - Management KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/524799 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00858815 JO - Airline Business PB - Reed Business Information, Limited AU - BALLANTYNE, TOM AU - AMERICA WEST AIRLINES AU - Insight Media, Limited AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES. AU - MALEV. TI - HANOI HANGUPS: VIETNAM AIRLINES IS GOING FOR CONTROLLED GROWTH IN A VOLATILE ECONOMY BUT THE POLITICAL CLIMATE HAS RULED OUT ITS NEAR TERM ACCESS TO FOREIGN CAPITAL. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Airlines KW - Finance KW - Management KW - Vietnam UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/524800 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00859223 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - AEROSPACE SOURCE BOOK.. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aerospace industry KW - Aircraft industry KW - Airlines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/524891 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00858817 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - PHILLIPS, EDWARD H AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - ALASKAN AIR SAFETY OVERHAUL URGED. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Alaska UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/524802 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00858816 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - MCKENNA, JAMES T AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - CRASH TRIGGERS REVIEW OF AMR. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air pilots KW - Air transportation crashes KW - California KW - Flight crews UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/524801 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00859080 JO - Aviation Week & Space Technology PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - NOVICHKOV, NICOLAY AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KIWI INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC. AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - CIS AIR SYSTEM SEEN VERGING ON COLLAPSE. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Russia (Federation) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/524869 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00933946 AU - Mandella, J G AU - Garner, R P AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AN ECONOMICAL ALTERNATIVE FOR THE SECONDARY CONTAINER USED FOR TRANSPORTING INFECTIOUS DISEASE SUBSTANCES PY - 1995/12 SP - 6 p. AB - The safe containment of biological specimens during air transport is of growing concern as the number of shipments and hazards associated with such material increases. The purpose of this study was to examine the durability of adhesive-closure polyethylene (PE) bags upon exposure to altitude. The tests consisted of two phases. The objective of the first phase was to identify the most appropriate combination of bag composition, thickness, and size. The second phase was to determine the most appropriate packing techniques to be used with the bag best suited for air transport. Both phases consisted of a hypobaric chamber being taken to a simulated altitude of 45,000 feet. The PE bags contained specimens packaged in International Air Transport Association approved containers. Initial tests indicated that differences in material composition and thickness did not significantly alter the ability of the PE bags to withstand the pressure differential. The second test phase suggested that the most effective means of preventing bag rupture upon exposure to altitude was to use oversized bags, evacuated of any residual air as completely as possible. KW - Air shipments KW - Air transportation KW - Altitude KW - Bags KW - Containers KW - Durability tests KW - Ethylene resins KW - Hazardous materials KW - International Air Transport Association KW - Materials selection KW - Size KW - Specimens KW - Thickness UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM95-29.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724996 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00933948 AU - Layton, C F AU - Shepherd, W T AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Galaxy Scientific Corporation TI - RESULTS OF A FIELD STUDY OF THE PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT SYSTEM: A SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR AVIATION SAFETY INSPECTORS PY - 1995/12 SP - 83 p. AB - The Performance Enhancement System (PENS) is a prototype electronic performance support system for aviation safety inspectors (ASIs). PENS facilitates field data collection, information management, and on-line references, thus eliminating paperwork, redundant data-entry tasks, data errors, slow data-entry and turnaround times, and bulky paper references. PENS allows ASIs to collect field data in the format used by national Federal Aviation Administration databases and it allows them to verify data at the time of inspection. A national field study of PENS was conducted. The study consisted of fielding four different computers to four ASIs in each of nine FAA Flight Standards District Offices across the country from November 1993 through March 1994. Study results indicate that the complex information management difficulties encountered by ASIs will not be solved by purchasing computer hardware alone. Rather, appropriate field software applications must be developed that will work in combination with field computer hardware to provide ASIs with a system of tools that supports their daily responsibilities. The ASIs must be closely involved in the continued development of these tools to ensure that they are designed to meet the inspectors' needs. KW - Automation KW - Aviation safety KW - Computers KW - Data collection KW - Data entry KW - Databases KW - Errors KW - Field studies KW - Information management KW - Inspection KW - Inspectors KW - Mobile computing KW - Performance Enhancement System KW - Prototypes KW - Software UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am95-31.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724998 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00933949 AU - Schroeder, D J AU - Ross, R R AU - Witt, L A AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Institutue for Occupational Safety and Health TI - SOME EFFECTS OF 8- VS. 10-HOUR WORK SCHEDULES ON THE TEST PERFORMANCE/ALERTNESS OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SPECIALISTS PY - 1995/12 SP - 20 p. AB - A 10-hour, 4-day rotating shift schedule worked by some air traffic control specialists (ATCSs) was compared to the more traditional 8-hour, 2-2-1 rapidly rotating schedule. Measures of performance and alertness were obtained from a group of 52 ATCSs at an en route ATC center on tasks in the National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH) fatigue test battery. Additional information on sleep patterns, mood, and somatic complaints was also gathered. Results confirm that tests comprising the NIOSH test battery are sensitive to fatigue and diurnal variations associated with a rotating shift schedule. Test performance of ATCSs on the 10-hour shift did not differ from those on the 8-hour schedule for any of the NIOSH parameters, when comparing the initial 4 days of the work week. Test performance was notably poorer on the mid-shift (night) that occurred on the final (fifth) day of the 2-2-1 8-hour schedule. For both schedules, there was evidence of changes in alertness on some of the NIOSH performance measures within work days and across days of the week. Changes in test performance and mood ratings corresponded to the decline in self-reported sleep time across the work week. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Alertness KW - Daily KW - Emotions KW - Enroute traffic control KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Hours of labor KW - Human subject testing KW - Personnel performance KW - Schedules KW - Shifts KW - Sleep KW - Tests KW - U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health KW - Weekly UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM95-32.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724999 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00933947 AU - DeWeese, R L AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AN EXPERIMENTAL ABDOMINAL PRESSURE MEASUREMENT DEVICE FOR CHILD ATDS PY - 1995/12 SP - 8 p. AB - An experimental device to measure the abdominal pressure in child-size Anthropomorphic Test Dummies (ATDs) during dynamic tests was developed. A description is provided of the two ATDs in which the device was installed, the CRABI six-month-old and the CAMIX two-year-old size ATD. The test device's construction and installation in the ATDs is described. The instrumented ATDs were used to evaluate the performance of child restraint devices when installed in a typical transport aircraft passenger seat. The restraints evaluated were booster seats, normal lap belts, and a lap-held child restraint called the "belly belt." The test severity was 16 Gpk. with an impact velocity of 44 ft/sec. Descriptions of the test setups are provided. Analyses are presented of the pressure measurements acquired from the tests and the ATD/restraint system interactions that produced them. KW - Abdomen KW - Abdominal pressure KW - Child restraint systems KW - Children KW - Crash injury research KW - Dummies KW - Dynamic tests KW - Equipment tests KW - Impact KW - Infants KW - Installation KW - Passenger aircraft KW - Pressure gages KW - Seat belts KW - Velocity UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM95-30.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724997 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00933945 AU - Canfield, D AU - Flemig, J AU - Hordinsky, J AU - Birky, M AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - DRUGS AND ALCOHOL FOUND IN FATAL CIVIL AVIATION ACCIDENTS BETWEEN 1989 AND 1993 PY - 1995/11 SP - 9 p. AB - The Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI) conducts toxicology tests on aviation accident victims to determine the effects of drugs on performance and identify the extent to which drugs and alcohol are being used by pilots involved in aviation accidents. Specimens (including blood, urine, liver, kidney, and vitreous) are collected near the accident site and shipped to CAMI. The specimens then are inventoried and accessioned for the analysis of drugs, alcohol, carbon monoxide, and cyanide. All data collected by the laboratory is entered into a database for future analysis. For this study, the database was searched and sorted based on the class of drug, controlled dangerous substance (CDS) schedules I and II, CDS schedules III-V, prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, and alcohol. Specimens from 1845 pilots were received for postmortem toxicology analysis between 1989 to 1993. CDS schedules I and II were found in 74 of the pilots analyzed and CDS schedules III - V were found in 28 of the pilots. Prescription drugs were found 110 of the pilots analyzed; over-the-counter drugs were found in 207 and alcohol at or above the legal limit of 0.04% was found in 146 pilots. The reported number of positive drug cases has doubled over the past 5 years. Over-the-counter medications are the most frequently found drugs in fatal aviation accidents and many of these drugs, or the medical conditions for which they are being used, could impair a pilot's ability to safely fly an aircraft. The increased number of positive cases found in this research is most likely the result of improved methods of analysis, rather than an increase in the use of drugs. The low incidence of CDS III-V drugs found in fatal aviation accidents may be a result of the difficulty in finding and identifying the new benzodiazepines commonly prescribed in this class. KW - Air pilots KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Aircraft crash victims KW - Alcohol tests KW - Alcohol use KW - Aviation medicine KW - Civil Aerospace Medical Institute KW - Civil aviation KW - Crash investigation KW - Data collection KW - Databases KW - Drug tests KW - Drug use KW - Fatalities KW - Medication KW - Personnel performance KW - Specimens KW - Toxicology UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am95-28.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724995 ER - TY - SER AN - 00884308 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - BOVIER, CONNIE TI - ALCOHOL AND THE PILOT PY - 1995/11 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air pilots KW - Alcohol use UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/567627 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00741146 AU - Guttman, J A AU - Stein, E AU - Gromelski, S AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - INFLUENCE OF GENERIC AIRSPACE ON AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER PERFORMANCE PY - 1995/11 SP - 81 p. AB - The generic sector evaluated in this study was based on a four-corner post operation used in many terminal areas in the United States. Arrival aircraft originated from one of four arrival fixes just outside the sector boundaries. In addition to the main airport, there were three satellite airports that were under radar control. Departure aircraft from the main and satellite airports were sent directly to one of four departure fixes located outside the sector boundaries. Eleven air traffic controllers from the Atlantic City TRACON participated in the study. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Aviation Administration Technical Center's Human Factors Laboratory at the Atlantic City International Airport. The experimental apparatus consisted of a high fidelity air traffic control simulator with voice communication equipment to allow controllers to issue commands to remote simulation pilots. The results showed significantly lower Air Traffic Workload Input Technique (ATWIT) ratings by the last generic run compared to the first generic run on the first-day training runs. In addition, post-scenario questionnaire ratings for ability to plan, exchange information, and prioritize were significantly higher by the last run. Correlation between scores on the generic sector and the Atlantic City sector were significant for over-the-shoulder ratings, ATWIT ratings, and post-scenario questionnaire ratings. KW - Air traffic control KW - Aircraft pilotage KW - Arrival KW - Arrivals and departures KW - Generic airspace KW - Human factors engineering KW - Remote control KW - Remote control systems KW - Schedules UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/573757 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01566463 AU - Wright, Joseph A AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Full-Scale Evaluation of Halon 1211 Replacement Agents for Airport Fire Fighting PY - 1995/10//Final Report SP - 49p AB - Halon 1211 has been identified as a stratospheric ozone depleter. In 1988 the environmental community started tracking the large-scale ozone destruction and depletion connected with the use of chlorofluorocarbon chemicals including Halon 1211. In 1992, as specified in the Montreal Protocols Clean Air Act, the United States Environmental Protection Agency developed a program to phase out the use of these chemicals in the United States. Its production was banned in January 1, 1994. This report describes the evaluation of two candidate agents tested by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) as alternatives to Halon 1211. These agents were Halotron I and perfluorohexane. The objective was to evaluate these extinguishing agents in terms of extinguishment time and quantity of agent required to extinguish unique flight line type test fires. The test results showed that Halotron I required an average of 1 1/2 pounds of agent to perform the same extinguishment as 1 pound of Halon 1211. These results were well within acceptable limits of agents for airport use. Halotron I was approved for use at FAA certificated airports as a complementary extinguishing agent. KW - Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting KW - Fire extinguishing agents KW - Halotron KW - Perfluorohexane KW - Testing UR - http://www.tc.faa.gov/its/worldpac/techrpt/ar9587.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1355557 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01090445 AU - Rehmann, Albert J AU - Reynolds, Michael C AU - Neumeier, Mark E AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - A Pilot Evaluation of Text Display Formats for Weather Information in the Cockpit PY - 1995/10//Technical Report SP - 110p AB - This study examined four alternative means to present weather information to flight crews in the cockpit. The four means were abbreviated, plain english, chunked, and structured into vertical columns. In addition, four alternative means were also examined for pilots to enter requests for weather products. These were soft key select, numerical, keyboard entry of character identifiers, and a pseudo mouse function using arrow keys to select groups of responses. The data were gathered in a part-task study environment. KW - Cockpits KW - Data formats KW - Human factors KW - Information display systems KW - Textual information display KW - User interfaces (Computer science) KW - Weather UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/000/800/877/tn95_42.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/850008 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932902 AU - Hunter, D R AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AIRMAN RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE: METHODOLOGY AND OVERALL RESULTS PY - 1995/10 SP - 67 p. AB - A nationwide survey of 19,657 pilots was performed to collect information on their aviation qualifications and experiences, their participation in training activities, their involvement in critical aviation incidents, their personal minimums and usual practices when planning and conducting a flight, and their attitudes about flying issues. Results are based on returns received from 35 % of the overall sample. Analyses were conducted to assess possible bias due to nonresponse effects by comparing respondent and nonrespondent groups on accident involvement, age, gender, and recent and total flight experience. No differences in accident involvement or in total flight experience were found. However, on average, the respondent group tended to be slightly older and to have slightly less recent flight experience than the nonrespondent group. The implications of these findings are discussed and cautions regarding the interpretation of the results are given. This initial report describes the methodology used in construction of the questionnaire and the procedures used for data collection. The percentages of respondents selecting each of the response alternatives for each question in the questionnaire are provided. Means, standard deviations, and medians are reported for those questions requiring exact numerical entries. Separate analyses of all items are given for private, commercial, and airline transport certificate categories. Possible applications of the data obtained from this study are discussed and proposed follow-on analyses to be conducted and reported in additional reports are described. KW - Age KW - Air pilots KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Attitudes KW - Behavior KW - Bias (Statistics) KW - Data collection KW - Gender KW - Mean (Statistics) KW - Methodology KW - Pilot experience KW - Qualifications KW - Questionnaires KW - Representative samples (Statistics) KW - Standard deviation KW - Surveys KW - Training UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am95-27.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724633 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00729904 AU - Hill, R AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - PROPOSED CABIN SAFETY RESEARCH PROGRAM (TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES) PY - 1995/10 SP - 68 p. AB - The goal of the Cabin Safety Research Program is to provide a mechanism for the coordination of pertinent activities and, as appropriate, the conduct of cooperative, joint, and complementary programs. For the purpose of this program, cabin safety is intended to address acute events/conditions which can be dealt with by changes within the cabin. Although in-flight issues form an integral part of cabin safety, the primary focus is postcrash survivability, the principal elements of which are structural crashworthiness, fire safety, evaluation, and overwater survival. The foremost decision-making tools to identify and assess the potential benefits of needed research are a probabilistic risk analysis model and a cabin safety accident/incident information data bank/base. KW - Aircraft cabins KW - Aircraft safety KW - Aviation safety KW - Crashworthiness KW - Evacuation KW - Fire prevention KW - Fires KW - Post-crash KW - Postcrash phase KW - Risk analysis KW - Safety KW - Survival UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/465901 ER - TY - SER AN - 00871445 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - LEWIS, J D TI - CENTRAL MISSOURI STATE UNIVERSITY: HAVEN FOR AVIATION EDUCATION PY - 1995/10 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Education and training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/555800 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00727047 AU - Department of Transportation AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - DIRECTORY OF TRANSPORTATION EDUCATION: COLLEGE LEVEL. A QUICK - REFERENCE GUIDE TO TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM-OFFERING INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNING IN THE UNITED STATES PY - 1995/09 SP - 82 p. AB - This directory presents a synoptic overview of college-level transportation education in the United States. Listed in alphabetical order by state, are 380 institutions of higher learning which are bringing multi-disciplinary academic attention to bear on existing and future local, regional, national and global transportation problems, needs and opportunities. The information in the directory is arranged alphabetically by institution by state. Directory users for whom mode-specific interests subsume geographic considerations, or those wishing to quickly identify graduate program-sponsoring schools, might wish to refer first to the index of institutions included in the directory. All major transportation environments - air, land and water - have been addressed in this work. Aviation-related listings predominate. KW - Air transportation KW - Areas KW - College students KW - Directories KW - Education KW - Education programs KW - Geographic areas KW - Ground transportation KW - Indexes (Information management) KW - Transportation KW - Transportation modes KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461392 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01173249 AU - Oman, Charles M AU - Huntley, M Stephen AU - Rasmussen, Scott A AU - Robinson, S K AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - The Use of Analog Track Angle Error Displays Improve Simulated GPS Approach Performance PY - 1995/08//Final Report SP - 60p AB - The effect of adding track angle error (TAE) information to general aviation aircraft cockpit displays used for GPS non-precision instrument approaches was studied experimentally. Six pilots flew 120 approaches in a Frasca 242 light twin aircraft simulator using crosswind and turbulence. Twenty-five-mile-long approach geometries were used, with and without 45 degree dogleg turns on final approach. Performance and workload using three TAE display formats were compared against results with two control formats presenting cross track error (XTE) only. Pilots found that the TAE displays simplified determination of wind correction angle, and that they consistently chose to use analog rather than numeric TAE data. Statistically significant differences between display formats and between pilots were found. The largest average improvement in initial leg intercept and tracking performance resulted when the conventional "ten dot" XTE display was supplemented with a sliding pointer display of TAE, moving in the same direction as aircraft bank. A second TAE format, a sliding/rotating pointer integrated display, yielded the greatest improvement (35X) in the width of the short final approach flight technical error envelope, but pilots reported occasional problems interpreting this display. Both of these TAE formats improved final approach intercept and tracking performance after 45 degree turning maneuvers. The addition of TAE information to the receiver display helped pilots create outer loop lead, and yielded approach performance improvements comparable to relocating XTE information to an HSI within the pilot's primary scan. Bedford workload scores were not significantly influenced by display format, but were found to depend on approach geometry and phase. U1 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING KW - Air traffic control KW - Aircraft operations KW - Flight simulators KW - Global Positioning System KW - Human machine interface KW - Instrument displays KW - Instrument landing systems KW - Navigation systems KW - Tracking systems UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33500/33510/33510.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933310 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932899 AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - NTI, Incorporated TI - THE EFFECT OF ALCOHOL AND FATIGUE ON AN FAA READINESS-TO-PERFORM TEST PY - 1995/08 SP - 68 p. AB - Readiness-to-perform (RTP) testing can be an alternative or supplement to biochemical testing for alcohol. RTP is also thought to detect impairment due to fatigue or illness. This study defined the statistical sensitivity and individual diagnosticity of an RTP test utilizing the NovaScan paradigm. Subjects were administered alcohol sufficient to raise their breath alcohol content (BrAC) to .08% BrAC. NovaScan testing occurred once each hour as their BrAC levels rose to .08% and diminished back to baseline levels. An estimate of the reliability of the test once it reached plateau levels indicated that most reaction time variables had a reliability between .76 and .94, with some percent correct measures showing too little variability to calculate meaningful reliabilities. Multivariate and univariate analyses of variance were conducted to determine whether the test was sensitive to various levels of BrAC. Ingestion of alcohol produced statistically significant effects on RTP test performance. Reaction time measures on all 3 tasks in the RTP test showed statistically significant decrements during the alcohol ingestion phase that were monotonically related to BrAC level while BrAC was increasing. When BrAC was decreasing, alcohol-induced decrements were generally more severe, and were not monotonically related to the BrAC levels in all cases. A task requiring repetitive attention appeared most sensitive to alcohol concentration. Candidate scoring algorithms were developed to determine whether the test could have detected individuals at each BrAC level, and it is demonstrated that the procedure would have detected 700 of the subjects at .08% BrAC, 88% at .06% BrAC, and 76% at .04% BrAC. With this criterion, 30% of the subjects would also have "failed" the test, even with no alcohol in their system. The RTP test is sensitive in detecting performance decrements due to the generally accepted levels of legal alcohol intoxication and shows promise as a non-invasive screening procedure. KW - Alcohol breath tests KW - Alcohol use KW - Algorithms KW - Analysis of variance KW - Attention KW - Aviation medicine KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Human subject testing KW - Multivariate analysis KW - Reaction time KW - Readiness-to-perform testing KW - Reliability KW - Sensitivity analysis KW - Task analysis KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM95-24.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724631 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932898 AU - Boyer, D J AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG EYE MOVEMENTS, HEAD MOVEMENTS AND MANUAL RESPONSES IN A SIMULATED AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TASK PY - 1995/08 SP - 19 p. AB - Scanning behavior can be a contributing factor in air traffic controller performance. An investigation was initiated to identify how alterations in various gaze measures could serve as indices of changes in alertness. As part of that larger investigation, a subset of the complete data base was used to investigate the nature of changes in eye and head movements within a session, between days, and among event types. Ten subjects were chosen for their propensity to make head movements when shifting gaze from the computer remote terminal display to the keypad for a manual response. The task consisted of 4 types of infrequently occurring events for which manual responses were required: Unidentified Aircraft, Loss of Altitude, Conflict (2 aircraft at the same altitude flying toward each other), No Conflict (2 aircraft at the same altitude flying away from each other). The dependent measures were: eye movement latency, head movement latency, and the eye movement following the manual response that returned the eye to the visual display (return saccades). Eye and head movement latencies were measured from the manual response. Results found that there were no significant eye-head movement differences among the event types. The relationship between the initiation of head movements and the initiation of eye movements appears to be a stable characteristic of the individual; it was consistent between days, as well as within the session. Return saccades were task dependent; events requiring 2 manual responses showed different return saccade patterns. The return saccade associated with the first response occurred prior to making the manual response, whereas the return saccade associated with the second response occurred after the manual response. KW - Air traffic control KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Aircraft separation KW - Alertness KW - Behavior KW - Days KW - Eye movements KW - Head movements KW - Human subject testing KW - Keyboards KW - Personnel performance KW - Saccades KW - Simulation KW - Video display terminals UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am95-23.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724630 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932901 AU - Chaturvedi, A K AU - Canfield, D V AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ROLE OF METABOLITES IN AVIATION FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY PY - 1995/08 SP - 9 p. AB - In aviation accident investigations, specimens from fatal aircraft victims are analyzed for drugs. The analysis suggests possible associated medical conditions for which the drugs might have been taken. As drugs are mostly present in therapeutic to subtherapeutic levels in aviation forensic toxicology cases, determination of parent drugs and their metabolites in multispecimens is of significance. Although chemically reactive metabolites are difficult to detect, physiologically active and inactive metabolites can be analyzed. Selective and sensitive techniques are available, but unavailability of metabolite reference standards, endogenous substance interference, and low tissue metabolite levels limit the analyses. However, the majority of primary metabolites can be effectively characterized/quantitated. Demonstrating the presence of drug (e.g., terfenadine, cocaine, THC) metabolites provides a compelling evidence for exposure to the parent drug and facilitates interpretation of results, particularly when the metabolites are active. Such analyses are not as helpful if the metabolites are also available as drugs (e.g., diazepam, temazepam, oxazepam). KW - Aircraft crash victims KW - Aviation medicine KW - Crash investigation KW - Diseases and medical conditions KW - Drug tests KW - Drugs KW - Forensic medicine KW - Metabolites KW - Toxicology UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM95-26.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724632 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932900 AU - McLean, G A AU - George, M H AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AIRCRAFT EVACUATIONS THROUGH TYPE-III EXITS II: EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUAL SUBJECT DIFFERENCES PY - 1995/08 AB - Simulated emergency egress from Type III over-wing exits was studied with passageway width from the aircraft center aisle to the Type-III exit as the major variable of interest. Effects of individual subject attributes on egress were analyzed to determine whether such variables should be better controlled in future research. Effects of subject evacuation experience were also analyzed to account for unexpected anomalies found for age-group egress performance. Two subject groups of differing mean ages were employed in a repeated-measures evaluation of different passageway widths leading to the exit in an aircraft cabin evacuation facility. Main effects of passageway width on egress rates were determined using analysis of variance; individual subject age, weight, height, gender and waist-size were then subjected to multivariate analysis of variance and stepwise regression analysis to assess the effects of these within-subjects factors. Repeated measures analyses of evacuations at individual passageway widths also provided information about effects of evacuation experience for individual subjects. Main effects were found for passageway width and subject age, weight, waist size and gender. The stepwise regression analysis showed that individual subject age accounted for the largest amount of experimental variance, followed next by weight, waistline size and gender. Evacuation experience was found to enhance evacuations by allowing older subjects to develop better egress strategies and correct inefficient egress techniques. Results suggest that studies of emergency aircraft evacuations should account for the personal characteristics of individuals, since physical attributes may significantly affect the results, and can be varied systematically to address research questions more appropriately. Similarly, research studies employing repeated measures designs should control for the effects of evacuation experience subjects acquire. KW - Age KW - Aircraft cabins KW - Analysis of variance KW - Emergency exits KW - Evacuation KW - Gender KW - Height KW - Human characteristics KW - Human factors KW - Human subject testing KW - Multivariate analysis KW - Passageways KW - Regression analysis KW - Weight KW - Width UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM95-25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725729 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00812561 AU - Planzer, N AU - Hofmann, M A AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ADVANCING FREE FLIGHT THROUGH HUMAN FACTORS WORKSHOP REPORT PY - 1995/08 SP - 19 p. AB - This report describes the results of the Advancing Free Flight Through Human Factors technical workshop held on June 20 and 21, 1995. The purpose of this technical workshop was to begin the process of identifying and solving human factors issues related to a new aviation concept called "free flight." The report presents the findings of the following four working groups: traffic flow management; domestic en route and cruise transition; oceanic and international; and terminal, final approach, and airport surface. KW - Free flight (Air traffic control) KW - Human factors KW - Workshops UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/000/800/833/freeflt.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680622 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932896 AU - Hartel, C AU - Hartel, G AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - University of Tulsa TI - CONTROLLER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM AIRCREWS? PY - 1995/07 SP - 40 p. AB - This paper provides an overview of the scientific literature regarding Crew Resource Management (CRM). It responds to tasking from the Office of Air Traffic Program Management to conduct studies addressing the application of team training models such as CRM for air traffic operational and administrative tasks. The authors report that there is no single model for CRM per se. They formulate a model by integrating common dynamic elements found in many CRM programs. The literature reviewed points out that current CRM research: (a) is primarily focused on flight deck CRM; (b) is insufficient to establish the superiority of CRM training over other team training alternatives; (c) has not identified the critical components of CRM team training; and (d) is limited in-part by weaknesses in assessment methods and outcome criteria. The authors identify alternative assessment methods and performance criteria currently being explored by behavioral scientists. Finally, the authors discuss potential CRM techniques for enhancing Air Traffic Control Specialist operational tasks. KW - Administrative procedures KW - Air traffic control KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Cockpit resource management KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Flight crews KW - Literature reviews KW - Teams KW - Training UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am95-21.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724629 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00735892 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AN ASSESSMENT OF TECHNOLOGY AT THE FAA: OPPORTUNITIES FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER PY - 1995/07 SP - 64 p. AB - This report is a compilation of current and past Research, Engineering and Development projects initiated by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). It is divided into 8 Research, Engineering and Development areas, and subsequently segmented into 17 programs which encompass 34 individual projects. Each project has as least one point of contact and includes their respective phone and fax numbers. Each project includes an abstract which recounts the project's history, goals, accomplishments, current status, FAA and industry/academia participants, and technological significance. Following the abstract, additional information regarding the project's unique highlights may be addressed. KW - Aviation KW - Development KW - Engineering KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Research projects KW - Technology assessment KW - Technology transfer KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/478485 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01478851 TI - Joint University Research Program to Meet Future Air Transportation Technological Needs AB - As part of the Joint University Program, this project will investigate the following areas to meet future air transportation technological needs: (1) unified criteria for establishment of alert thresholds; (2) development of a flight test platform for evaluation of integrated cockpit information architectures; (3) an interactive adaptive system for automated final approach spacing of aircraft; (4) digital path vectoring; (5) optimal flight planning under traffic constraints; and (6) human interface issues associated with complex trajectories in the terminal area. KW - Advanced automation system (Air traffic control) KW - Air transportation KW - Cockpits KW - Information display systems KW - Technological innovations KW - Vector analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1247975 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01135180 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Amateur-Built Aircraft and Ultralight Flight Testing Handbook PY - 1995/05 SP - 99p AB - This advisory circular (AC) sets forth suggestions and safety related recommendations to assist amateur and ultralight builders in developing individualized aircraft flight test plans. AC 90-89, Amateur- Built Aircraft Flight Testing Handbook, dated September 18, 1989, is cancelled. RELATED READING MATERIAL. A list of selected reading material on amateur-built/ ultralight flight testing and first flight experience are presented. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA), and the United States Ultralight Association (USUA) are concerned and committed to improving the safety record of amateur-built and ultralight aircraft. The FAA Administrator, T. Allen McArtor, and EAA President, Paul H. Poberezny, signed a Memorandum of Agreement on August 1, 1988, which addressed the need for educational and safety programs to assist amateur-builders in test flying their aircraft. In accordance with that agreement, this AC provides guidelines for flight testing amateurbuilt aircraft. As part of the FAAs continuing efforts to improve the safety record of all types of general aviation aircraft, this AC has been revised to include flight testing recommendations for canard-type and ultralight aircraft. Amateur-built aircraft means an aircraft issued an Experimental Airworthiness Certificate under the provisions of Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) SC 21.191 (g). The term ultralight means a vehicle that meets the requirements of FAR SC 103.1. The term ultralight in thi s AC also means a two-place training vehicle of 496 pounds or less, operating under an EAA or USUA exemption to FAR Part 103. For the purpose of this AC, both an amateur- built aircraft and a ultralight vehicle will be referred to as an aircraft. KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft operations KW - Flight tests KW - Handbooks KW - Safety KW - Small aircraft KW - Ultralight aircraft KW - Vehicle design UR - http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgAdvisoryCircular.nsf/0/d08fa9393154b636862569ba006f6d7f/$FILE/ATTLMVEO/AC90-89A.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/894456 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932895 AU - Funkhouser, G E AU - George, M H AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR FLOTATION SEAT CUSHION USE PY - 1995/05 SP - 9 p. AB - Alternative methods of using flotation seat cushions for water crash survivors were identified. These methods, tested in a survival tank and a theme park wave pool, were: 1) two people facing each other, holding two cushions between them; 2) two people facing each other, holding two cushions between them, with a third person held between the two cushions; 3) two people facing each other, holding their cushions on the other person's back; 4) two people facing each other, holding their cushions on the other person's back, with a third person held between the two people; and 5) each person holding a cushion while interlocking arms with adjacent survivors to form a large cluster. Findings suggested that the first two methods, using cushions held between two people, are beneficial when linking-up is difficult because of rough seas and when heat loss is not a problem. When seas are calm and the water is cold, the third and fourth methods should retard loss of body heat. The fifth method, where the survivors are clustered together, brings together and connects the survivors who are using the other methods. The cluster allows for more support and help for injured and unconscious survivors. Because individuals tend to separate in the water, the cluster also presents a large visual target for rescuers. Preliminary testing, using a small flotation dummy, suggests that the second method could be used to rescue children by placing them between the cushions held by adults. KW - Adults KW - Aircraft crash victims KW - Children KW - Ditching KW - Dummies KW - Emergency equipment KW - Hypothermia KW - Life preservers KW - Search and rescue operations KW - Seat cushions KW - Survival KW - Water UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM95-20.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724628 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932894 AU - Garner, R P AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - THE POTENTIAL FOR PULMONARY HEAT INJURY RESULTING FROM THE ACTIVATION OF A CABIN WATER SPRAY SYSTEM TO FIGHT AIRCRAFT CABIN FIRES PY - 1995/05 SP - 11 p. AB - A cabin water spray system (CWSS) has been suggested as a means of attenuating the severity of smoke and fire commonly associated with aircraft accidents. All aspects of passenger and cabin safety must be considered when evaluating a new safety system or concept. The purposes of this report are to briefly review the pathophysiological changes occurring in the respiratory system as a result of thermal injury and to quantitatively estimate the risk of creating a more hazardous cabin environment by activation of CWSS. Changes in the heat content of the cabin atmosphere resulting from CWSS activation were calculated using parameters consistent with current aircraft and proposals for CWSS design. The results suggest that only a very small volume of the aircraft cabin would have an increase in heat content that could result in thermal injury. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Aircraft cabins KW - Aviation medicine KW - Aviation safety KW - Enthalpy KW - Fire extinguishing agents KW - Fires KW - Heat KW - Injury types KW - Passengers KW - Respiratory system KW - Risk assessment KW - Smoke KW - Thermal injuries KW - Water KW - Water spray systems UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM95-17.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724627 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932892 AU - Prinzo, O V AU - Britton, T W AU - Hendrix, A M AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A CODING FORM FOR APPROACH CONTROL/PILOT VOICE COMMUNICATIONS PY - 1995/05 AB - The Aviation Topics Speech Acts Taxonomy (ATSAT) is a tool for categorizing pilot/controller communications according to their purpose and for classifying communication errors. Air traffic controller communications that deviate from Federal Aviation Administration Air Traffic Control Order 7110.65, and pilot communications that depart from the suggested communication in the Airman's Information Manual can be identified and labeled using the error codes provided in the ATSAT. By using the same procedures and tool to analyze communications, direct comparisons can be made between controller phraseology usage in the field and during simulation. Results of a preliminary study to measure inter-coder agreement revealed that novice coders were more dependent on the surface characteristics of the verbatim transcripts and experts relied more on domain specific background knowledge and experience with ATC phraseology to code ATC communications. If a researcher elects to use the ATSAT, we recommend that all coders receive the same orientation and instruction sessions. KW - Air pilots KW - Air traffic control KW - Approach control KW - Coding systems KW - Communication KW - Errors KW - Phraseology KW - Regulations KW - Speech KW - Taxonomy KW - Training KW - Voice communication UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM95-15.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725727 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932891 AU - Shepherd, W T AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Galaxy Scientific Corporation TI - HUMAN FACTORS IN AVIATION MAINTENANCE: PHASE IV PROGRESS REPORT PY - 1995/05 SP - 176 p. AB - The fourth phase of research on human factors in aviation maintenance continued to look at the human's role in the aviation maintenance system via investigations, demonstrations, and evaluations of the research program outputs. Chapter 2 of this report describes the field evaluation plan for the Performance Enhancement System, a computer-based tool designed to aid aviation safety inspectors in performing their oversight duties. Chapter 3 describes the design of a computer-based workcard system. Chapter 4 discusses the development of an ergonomic audit program for visual inspection, which contains a method of choosing tasks to be audited, an audit checklist, and a computer program to evaluate checklist response against national and international standards. Chapter 5 reports on an investigation of ergonomic factors that may cause increased inspector stress, fatigue, and workload, particularly in restrictive spaces that cause extreme postures. The continued development and expansion of the hypermedia information system is reported on in Chapter 6. Chapter 7 describes an investigation of individual differences in nondestructive inspection performance. Chapter 8 describes an investigation to determine the effect of an intelligent help agent on the effectiveness of computer-based training. Chapter 9 reports on a joint Civil Aviation Authority/Federal Aviation Administration investigation of reliability in aircraft inspection in the United Kingdom and United States. Chapter 10 is a bibliographic overview of selected issues in designing computer-based training systems. KW - Auditing KW - Aviation KW - Aviation safety KW - Bibliographies KW - Civil Aviation Authority KW - Computer aided instruction KW - Computer programs KW - Demonstration projects KW - Ergonomics KW - Evaluation KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Human factors KW - Information systems KW - Inspectors KW - Intelligent agents KW - Investigation of structure KW - Joint ventures KW - Maintenance KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Oversight KW - Reliability KW - Standards KW - Stress (Physiology) KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - United Kingdom KW - United States KW - Workload UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM95-14.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724625 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932893 AU - Rodgers, M D AU - Drechsler, G K AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - CONVERSION OF THE TRACON OPERATIONS CONCEPTS DATABASE INTO A FORMAL SENTENCE OUTLINE JOB TASK TAXONOMY PY - 1995/05 SP - 68 p. AB - FAA Air Traffic Control Operations Concepts Volume VII - TRACON Controllers (1989), a technical description of the duties of a terminal radar approach control (TRACON) air traffic control specialist (ATCS), formatted in user interface language, was restructured into a hierarchical formal sentence outline. To ensure that none of the meaning associated with a task or task element was lost during the conversion, the revised document was reviewed by subject matter experts (SMEs) consisting of four groups of six TRACON controllers and four quality assurance managers. SMEs looked for words, phrases, or acronyms not commonly used by TRACON controllers, and illogical sequencing of duties described in the document. Appropriate suggestions for change were implemented into the document before the next review. Six-hundred seventy-one changes were made to the document, with only seven of these changes made during the final review, confirming that an improved document resulted from the research. The restructured document is intended to assist in the identification of situation awareness information requirements. However, an easily understood, detailed description of duties performed by a TRACON ATCS has potential not only for use by researchers interested in TRACON ATCS tasks, but also by quality assurance investigation teams and training personnel. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Approach control KW - Awareness KW - Databases KW - Job analysis KW - Job duties KW - Language KW - Quality assurance KW - Task analysis KW - Taxonomy KW - Terminal operations KW - Terminal radar approach control KW - Training KW - User interfaces (Computer science) UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM95-16.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724626 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00730709 AU - Hannon, D J AU - Huntley, M S AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ELECTRONIC DEPICTION OF INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURE (IAP) CHARTS. PHASE 1. DEVELOPMENT AND PRELIMINARY EVALUATION PY - 1995/05 SP - 64 p. AB - The report describes the research program being conducted at the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center on the development of electronic aeronautical charts. The design of electronic aeronautical navigation charts raised many interrelated human factors issues including those pertaining to the physical aspects of the display screens (e.g., location in the cockpit, screen resolution, color capability, brightness range) and those affecting the pilot interaction with the software (i.e., pilot interpretation of the information presented). A limited amount of research has been conducted on the design of electronic chart systems for instrument approach procedure (IAP) charts. The results have indicated that not all of the information printed currently on paper IAP charts is needed to fly instrument approached. Current issues in electronic chart design are discussed in the report. KW - Aircraft navigational aids KW - Approach control KW - Electronic navigation KW - Electronic navigation aids KW - Human factors engineering KW - Human factors engineering KW - Instrument approach KW - Instrument landing systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/466218 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00721019 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - LIMITED PRODUCTION (LP) PRECISION RUNWAY MONITOR (PRM) OPERATIONAL TEST AND EVALUATION INTEGRATION AND OT AND E OPERATIONAL TEST PLAN PY - 1995/05 SP - 36 p. AB - This document defines the Test Plan and corresponding Test Verification Requirements Traceability Matrix (TVRTM) that will be used to conduct the Limited Production (LP) Precision Runway Monitor (PRM) Operational Test and Evaluation (OT and E) Integration and OT and E Operational tests. These tests will be conducted at the Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport following the Contractor Site Acceptance Tests. The LP PRM OT and E test effort will concentrate on Operational Effectiveness and Suitability. The Operational Effectiveness Test consists of a review of the contractor performed Development Test and Evaluation (DT and E) and Site Acceptance Tests. This review will evaluate whether each of the Measures of Effectiveness had been satisfactorily tested and whether the results meet the Minimum Acceptance Operational Requirements (MAORs). This review will be conducted solely by test engineers and does not require the PRM system. The Operational Suitability Tests will expose the test participants (Air Traffic (AT) Controllers and Airway Facilities (AF) Technicians) to the PRM system in an operational environment while they perform specified operational procedures. These tests will be conducted in two separate phases: AT Suitability and AF Suitability. Each of these phases is focused on the specific test participants. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Airways KW - Contracts KW - Effectiveness KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Operational suitability KW - Operational test and evaluation KW - Operations KW - Precision runway monitoring systems KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454966 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720925 AU - DellaRocco, P S AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - SHIFT WORK, AGE, AND PERFORMANCE: INVESTIGATION OF THE 2-2-1 SHIFT SCHEDULE USED IN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL FACILITIES. 1. THE SLEEP/WAKE CYCLE PY - 1995/05 SP - 30 p. AB - Because Air Traffic Control (ATC) operations require 24-hour per day staffing, Air Traffic Control Specialists (ATCS), in many cases, are faced with shift work throughout their careers. ATCSs in the United States work a relatively unique rapidly rotating shift schedule, the 2-2-1, as well as a variety of schedule modifications based upon a backward or counterclockwise rotation of shifts. Problems associated with shift work in other populations could be expected to be found in the ATCS population. These include issues related to health, family, life styles, sleep patterns, performance on the night shift, and stress. The sources of stress include sleep deprivation, circadian rhythm disruption, and disruption of social interactions. Each of these factors has implications for job performance. Because of the safety-related nature of the ACS's job, assessing and understanding the factors that potentially affect job performance, and the manner in which they interact and change with age, is critical. The 2-2-1 schedule was the focus of this research. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Circadian rhythms KW - Personnel performance KW - Shift work KW - Sleep deprivation UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am95-19.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454902 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00719183 AU - Rodgers, M D AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - HUMAN FACTORS EVALUATION OF THE OPERATIONAL DEMONSTRATION FLIGHT INSPECTION AIRCRAFT PY - 1995/05 SP - 26 p. AB - These reports describe the data collection and analysis efforts performed by the Civil Aeromedical Institute's Human Factors Research Laboratory to assist the Office of Aviation System Standards (AVN) in the human factors evaluation of the Operational Demonstration (Ops Demo) candidate flight inspection aicraft (FIA). Although there was not sufficient time to conduct an exhaustive human factors evaluation of the Ops Demo FIA, several efforts were undertaken to assist in the determination of the suitability of the proposed aircraft for integration of flight inspection mission. These efforts included an evaluation of flight inspection pilot and technician preferences for certain aircraft characteristics, an evaluation of aircraft cabin noise levels, an athropometric familiarization for flight inspection pilots and technicians participating in the Ops Demo, and an evaluation of the proposed flight inspection workstation design for the medium-size, medium-range (MSR) aircraft. KW - Aircraft operations KW - Anthropometry KW - Flight control systems KW - Human factors engineering KW - Inspection KW - Operational analysis KW - Operations KW - Standards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/453942 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01207228 AU - Cardosi, Kim M AU - Murphy, Elizabeth D AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Human Factors Checklist for the Design and Evaluation of Air Traffic Control Systems PY - 1995/04//Final Report SP - 78p AB - This document presents human factors issues that should be considered in tho design and evaluation of air traffic control (ATC! systems and subsystems. Tho checklist is a companion document to Human Factors in tho Design and Evaluation of Air Traffic Control Systems. Tho goal of this checklist is to point air traffic controllers and other operations specialists to questions that they may wish to consider in their evaluation of now systems or subsystems, or a now component of an existing system. Some checklist items may be used as a rough filter for known design flaws; others are more appropriate for group discussion. The numbers in parenthesis at the and of each checklist item refer to the section in Human Factors in the Design and Evaluation of Air Traffic Control Systems that discusses the issue. This mapping allows the checklist user to learn about tho basis for the item, why it is important, and the implications of compromise. Checklist items marked with an 'I* indicate items that must be assessed with equipment and/or by referring to tho specifications documentation. KW - Air traffic control KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Airport operations KW - Aviation safety KW - Checklists KW - Human factors engineering KW - Human factors in crashes KW - Questionnaires UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33600/33632/33632.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/968132 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00759579 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - NATIONAL PLAN OF INTEGRATED AIRPORT SYSTEMS (NPIAS) 1993-1997. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION TO THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS PY - 1995/04 SP - 168 p. AB - The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS) is submitted to Congress in accordance with Section 47103 of Title 49 of United States Code. The NPIAS includes a section on the condition and performance of the airport system, highlighting six topics: safety, capacity, pavement condition, financial performance, accessibility., and noise. The estimates of future airport development included in this report were obtained primarily from airport master and system plans that were prepared by planning and engineering firms for state and local agencies. KW - Accessibility KW - Air transportation policy KW - Airport operations KW - Financial analysis KW - Noise control KW - Pavement performance KW - Safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21400/21466/PB99119265.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/495971 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00738630 AU - Nadler, E AU - Fobes, J L AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - TEST AND EVALUATION PLAN FOR THE DUPE CHECKLIST SYSTEM (DCS) PY - 1995/04 SP - 36 p. AB - This operational test and evaluation (OT&E) obtains data on passenger compliance and resource needed to distribute, collect and review a domestic airline passenger checklist. This checklist will determine whether the passenger may have been 'duped' into carrying unknown and potentially restricted baggage contents onto a domestic flight. This OT&E encompasses responses to a dupe checklist completed voluntarily by airline passengers, and the time required to distribute, collect, and review the checklist. These are data needed to estimate passenger compliance and the resources that an airline would have to allocate to distribute, collect and review the checklist. KW - Baggage KW - Dupe checklist KW - Operational test and evaluation KW - Operations KW - Passenger operations KW - Passengers KW - Restrictions KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/572730 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00737760 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - HUMAN FACTORS IN THE DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS PY - 1995/04 SP - 760 p. AB - This document presents human factors issues that should be considered in the design and evaluation of air traffic control (ATC) systems and subsystems. It provides background material on the capabilities and limitations of humans as information processors and discusses issues in: ATC automation, computer-human interface, workstation design, workload and performance measurement, controller team formation and activites, and human factors testing and evaluation. The goal of this material is to help air traffic controllers and other operations specialists identify potential problems by alerting them to known design flaws and providing them with information as to why some design options may be undesirable or operationally unsuitable. This document presents design goals based on human factors principles, standards, and guidelines. KW - Air traffic control KW - Automatic traffic control KW - Human factors KW - Information processing KW - System design KW - Traffic control UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33600/33633/33633.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/572252 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00730710 AU - Huntley, M S AU - Turner, J W AU - Donovan, C S AU - Madigan, E AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FAA AIRCRAFT CERTIFICATION HUMAN FACTORS AND OPERATIONS CHECKLIST FOR STANDALONE GPS RECEIVERS (TSO C129 CLASS A) PY - 1995/04 SP - 286 p. AB - This document is a checklist designed to assist Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) certification personnel and global positioning system (GPS) receiver manufacturers in the evaluation of the pilot-system interface characteristics of GPS receivers to be certified according to TSO C129 A1, TRCA/DO-208, and AC 20-138. Its main focus is on controls, displays, and operating characteristics. The Bench Test is designed to evaluate GPS receiver design characteristics that do not require aircraft installation and flights. The flight test is designed to evaluate receiver design characteristics and functions under actual flight conditions. The appendices extract portions of original documents and provide reference material for the specific topics covered in the checklist. KW - Airborne navigational aids KW - Airline pilots KW - Certification KW - Flight instruments KW - Flight tests KW - Global Positioning System KW - Human factors engineering KW - Personnel performance KW - Pilot performance UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/000/800/850/gps-chkl.doc UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/466219 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932890 AU - Nakagawara, V B AU - Montgomery, R W AU - Wood, K J AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AN ASSESSMENT OF AVIATION ACCIDENT RISK FOR APHAKIC CIVIL AIRMEN BY CLASS OF MEDICAL CERTIFICATE HELD AND BY AGE: 1982-1985 PY - 1995/03 SP - 11 p. AB - In the FY-92/93 Annual Program Guidance and Current Policy Statement, the Federal Air Surgeon requested continued investigation of surgical procedures and ophthalmic devices as to their relevance to medical certification. No previous statistical studies of the aviation accident risk of civil airmen with aphakia and intraocular lens (IOL) by class of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) airman medical certificate held have been performed. We evaluated the accident frequency of aphakic airmen (with or without IOL) by effective class of medical certificate (first-, second-, third-class) and by age (< 50 and > 50 years) versus similarly stratified non-aphakic airman populations for the period 1982-85. Medical records were evaluated for all certified airmen during the study period who were carrying FAA-specific pathology codes for aphakia and/or artificial lens implant. Aviation accident and active airman population frequencies were obtained from FAA databases and used to calculate accident rates. Third-class total aphakia and IOL airmen and third-class aphakia and IOL airmen under 50 years of age had significantly higher accident rates compared to corresponding non-aphakic airman populations. Our findings suggest that medical impairment may be an important risk factor for aviation accidents. Aeromedical certification and safety program considerations of the study findings are discussed. KW - Age KW - Air pilots KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Aphakia KW - Aviation medicine KW - Certification KW - Civil aviation KW - Crash rates KW - Crash risk forecasting KW - Flight crews KW - Intraocular lenses KW - Lenses (Optics) KW - Medical records KW - Pathological data KW - Risk assessment KW - Safety programs KW - Statistical analysis KW - Surgery KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - Vision disorders KW - Visually impaired persons UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM95-11.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724624 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932889 AU - Myers, J G AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ENHANCING THE EFFECTS OF DIVERSITY AWARENESS TRAINING: A REVIEW OF THE RESEARCH LITERATURE PY - 1995/03 SP - 26 p. AB - The projected changes in the demographic makeup of the work force were primary influences in the spread of diversity awareness training in the private and public sector. One approach to training aims at changing personal attitudes and values to effect positive changes in treatment of others different from oneself (especially protected groups) in the workplace. The effectiveness of training or other interventions that focus on changes in attitudes to change behavior has not been clearly demonstrated. Training interventions need to use a combination of methods or strategies before, during, and after training to enhance the measurable benefits received from diversity awareness training and avoid the potential for "white male backlash" and psychological risk among participants. Implementation of a training evaluation plan and a research program for identifying characteristics of effective training are also necessary to enhance training effectiveness in the longer term. KW - Attitudes KW - Awareness KW - Behavior modification KW - Demographics KW - Diversity KW - Employee relations KW - Labor force KW - Literature reviews KW - Psychology KW - Social values KW - Training KW - Work environment UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am95-10.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724623 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00715211 AU - Hofmann, M A AU - Hewitt, G M AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - NATIONAL PLAN FOR CIVIL AVIATION HUMAN FACTORS: AN INITIATIVE FOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION PY - 1995/03 SP - 45 p. AB - Valuable programs in aviation human factors have been underway for many years at the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and Department of Defense (DOD), as well as in academic and industry sectors. However, to continue to enhance this progress toward safety and productivity goals, increased coordination, funding, and long-term, high-level management support in government and industry is needed. This initiative outlines a coherent national agenda containing two major elements aimed at achieving this outcome. The first element focuses on five research thrusts. The second element focuses on opportunities for improving the application of research results to planned and ongoing programs. This document identifies near- and long-term needs, assesses the progress of research, and provides mechanisms for application and implementation. The publication of this document represents one of several necessary steps to establish and maintain a coordinated national human factors program for civil aviation. KW - Aviation personnel KW - Civil aviation KW - Coordination KW - Evaluation KW - Human factors engineering KW - Personnel KW - Personnel development KW - Personnel management KW - Program effectiveness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448774 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00714535 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FAA AVIATION FORECASTS: FISCAL YEARS 1995-2006 SN - 0160361141 PY - 1995/03 SP - 241 p. AB - The report contains the Fiscal Years 1995-2006 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) forecasts of aviation activity at FAA facilities. These include airports with FAA control towers, air route traffic control centers, and flight service stations. Detailed forecasts were made for the major users of the National Aviation System: air carriers, air taxi/commuters, military, and general aviation. The forecasts have been prepared to meet the budget and planning needs of the constituent units of the FAA and to provide information that can be used by state and local authorities, the aviation industry, and the general public. KW - Air traffic control KW - Air transportation KW - Airports KW - Aviation KW - Forecasting KW - National Aviation System UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448556 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00730674 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ZERO ACCIDENTS. A SHARED RESPONSIBILITY. AVIATION SAFETY ACTION PLAN PY - 1995/02/05 SP - 69 p. AB - On January 9 and 10, 1995, more than 1,000 industry, government, and union aviation officials met in Washington, D.C. in an unprecedented working session to address aviation safety. A wide range of safety improvements were recommended. Secretary Pena committed to develop an action plan within 30 days that would detail DOT and FAA's response to these issues. This plan clearly reflects the underlying theme of the conference: aviation safety is a shared responsibility. Airlines are taking immediate, voluntary action to establish a safety office reporting to the CEO of every airline; FAA will publish new regulations that require an independent flight safety department at every airline operating aircraft with more than 9 passenger seats; and, FAA will publish new regulations that will require one level of safety for all air carriers operating aircraft with more than 9 passenger seats. KW - Aviation safety KW - Government intervention KW - Improvements KW - Industries KW - Labor unions KW - Regulation KW - Regulations KW - Safety KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/466187 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932887 AU - Chaturvedi, A K AU - Sanders, D C AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AIRCRAFT FIRES, SMOKE TOXICITY, AND SURVIVAL: AN OVERVIEW PY - 1995/02 SP - 8 p. AB - In-flight fires in modern aircraft are rare, but post-crash fires do occur. Cabin occupants frequently survive initial forces of such crashes but are incapacitated from smoke inhalation. According to an international study, there were 95 fire-related civil passenger aircraft accidents world-wide over a 26-year period, claiming 2400 lives. Between 1985-1991, about 16% (32) of all US transport aircraft accidents involved fire and 22% (140) of the deaths in these accidents resulted from fire/smoke toxicity. Our laboratory database (1967-1993) indicates that 360 individuals in 134 fatal fire-related civil aircraft (air carrier and general aviation) accidents had carboxyhemoglobin saturation levels, with or without cyanide in blood, high enough to impair performance. Combustion toxicology is now moving from a descriptive to a mechanistic phase. Methods for gas analyses have been developed and combustion/animal-exposure assemblies have been constructed. Material/fire-retardant toxicity and interactions between smoke gases are being studied. Relationships between gas exposure concentrations, blood levels, and incapacitation onset are being established in animal models. Continuing basic research in smoke toxicity will be necessary to understand its complexities, and thus enhance aviation safety and fire survival chances. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft cabins KW - Aircraft crash victims KW - Aviation medicine KW - Aviation safety KW - Blood carbon monoxide levels KW - Civil aviation KW - Combustion KW - Fatalities KW - Fire resistant materials KW - Fire retardants KW - Fires KW - Gas analysis KW - Passenger aircraft KW - Smoke KW - Survival KW - Toxicity KW - Toxicology UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM95-08.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724621 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932888 AU - Vortac, O U AU - Edwards, M B AU - Fuller, D K AU - Manning, C A AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman TI - AUTOMATION AND COGNITION IN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION PY - 1995/02 SP - 17 p. AB - A simulation of an air traffic control task was the setting for an investigation of the functions of external cues in prospective memory. External cues can support the triggering of an action or memory for the content of the action. The authors focused on memory for the content and manipulated the temporal characteristics of the external cue to disentangle two possible functions the cue can support: 1) An external cue visible during a retention interval could support rehearsal of the to-be-performed action; 2) An external cue visible at the end of a retention interval could support retrieval of the to-be-performed action. Two experiments were conducted that converge on the same conclusion: the primary function of an external cue was to support retrieval. Implications for the design of a computer interface to present prospective cues are discussed. KW - Air traffic control KW - Automation KW - Cognition KW - Empirical methods KW - External cues KW - Memory KW - Simulation KW - User interfaces (Computer science) UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am94-03.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724622 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932884 AU - Besco, R O AU - Sangal, S P AU - Nesthus, T E AU - Veronneau, SJH AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Wright State University AU - Professional Performance Improvement, Incorporated TI - LONGEVITY AND SURVIVAL ANALYSIS FOR A COHORT OF RETIRED AIRLINE PILOTS PY - 1995/02 SP - 10 p. AB - It is commonly believed in the aviation industry that retired pilots die at a younger age than the general population. Airline pilots reach the mandatory retirement age of 60 after an entire career of federally-required active health monitoring and maintenance. In this study, a preliminary survey was made to determine the mortality and survival profile of retired pilots from a major U.S. airline. An initial sample of 2209 retired pilots and flight engineers was surveyed. Early and late retirees were dropped from the sample, leaving 1494 pilots who retired at age 60 between the study dates of April 1968 to July 1993. Life table analysis provides estimates of probabilities of surviving a given number of years after retirement. This technique allows subjects to enter (i.e., retire at age 60) or leave the study (i.e., die) at different points in time and it utilizes all the data on partial exposure to the risk of dying. Comparisons were made with the 1980 census of the U.S. general population of 60 year-old white males. A difference in life expectancy of more than 5 years longer was found for our sample of retired airline cockpit crew members. Half of the pilots in this sample retiring at age 60 were expected to live past 83.8 years of age, compared to 77.4 years for the general population of 60 year-old white males in 1980. The authors concluded that the question of lowered life expectancy for airline cockpit crews was not supported by the results of this particular data set. KW - Age KW - Airline pilots KW - Flight crews KW - Health KW - Life expectancy KW - Life table analysis KW - Population KW - Probability KW - Retirement UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM95-05.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724618 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932885 AU - Williams, K W AU - Blanchard, R E AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF QUALIFICATION GUIDELINES FOR PERSONAL COMPUTER-BASED AVIATION TRAINING DEVICES PY - 1995/02 SP - 28 p. AB - Recent advances in the capabilities of personal computers have resulted in an increase in the number of flight simulation programs made available as Personal Computer-Based Aviation Training Devices (PCATDs). The potential benefits of PCATDs have been recognized by researchers and software/hardware developers alike. The purpose of this report is twofold: 1) present a conceptual approach based upon human learning principles and available flight training data for use in the development and evaluation of PCATDs; and 2) provide a detailed technical plan for an initial effort to develop and test guidelines for assessing the use of PCATDs in a training curriculum of a flight school conducted in accordance with federal regulations. KW - Computer aided instruction KW - Evaluation KW - Flight simulators KW - Flight training KW - Guidelines KW - Learning KW - Personal computers KW - Qualifications KW - Regulations KW - Software UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM95-06.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724619 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932886 AU - Schroeder, D J AU - Harris, H C AU - Collins, W E AU - Nesthus, T E AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - SOME PERFORMANCE EFFECTS OF AGE AND LOW BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS ON A COMPUTERIZED NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST PY - 1995/02 SP - 36 p. AB - COGSCREEN is a computerized test battery developed for the Federal Aviation Administration as an airman neuropsychological screening instrument for cognitive functioning. This study explored a multifaceted application of the sensitivity of the battery to potential differences in performance capabilities, performance effects of low levels of blood alcohol, and the potential significance of age on cognitive performance. COGSCREEN tests were used with 60 subjects divided into three age groups, 27-32, 42-47, and 57-62 years. Twelve subjects within each age category comprised an alcohol group; 8 subjects within each age category comprised a control group. Subjects were given four 30-minute sessions of training on the task battery during one afternoon and participated in experimental sessions on the next afternoon. Experimental sessions comprised a pre drinking (baseline) and three post drinking sessions targeted to breath alcohol (BrAC) levels of 0.04, 0.027, and 0.014% for the alcohol group; each control subject received a placebo. The results yielded statistically significant age effects on 20 of 25 measures of performance across the 9 tasks for the predrinking sessions favoring the younger age group, using the entire subject population. An analysis using only the control subjects found significant age effects on 18 of the 25 measures of performance on both the baseline and the post baseline sessions; whereas, the analysis of the alcohol subjects found significant age differences on 15 of 25 scores for the pre drinking session and only 13, 11, and 10 of 25 on the post drinking sessions respectively. Results indicate that COGSCREEN is sensitive to decremental effects on information processing time and cognitive reductions associated with aging. Generally, the results of this study do not support a typical alcohol effect. The simple effects tests yielded results that failed to show sessional patterns consistent with BrAC levels. KW - Age KW - Blood alcohol levels KW - Civil aviation KW - Cognitive impairment KW - COGSCREEN (Test) KW - Control groups KW - Flight crews KW - Human subject testing KW - Memory KW - Neurology KW - Personnel performance KW - Placebos KW - Psychological aspects KW - Reaction time KW - Tests KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am95-07.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724620 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00715215 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - BIRD INGESTION INTO LARGE TURBOFAN ENGINES PY - 1995/02 SP - 139 p. AB - This final report contains findings from a study conducted by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) of bird ingestion into certain modern large high bypass turbofan engines. These engines were certified to current FAA standards and are installed in A-300, A-320, B-747, B-757, DC-10, and MD-11 aircraft in commercial service worldwide. Data pertaining to 644 aircraft ingestion events were collected for the FAA during 1989-1991 by the principal engine manufacturers. Topics addressed in the report include characteristics of ingested birds, ingestion rates, airports, aircraft parameters, and ingestion events which pose a potential threat to aircraft safety. Using statistical methods, the data are analyzed to determine the influence of flight phase, bird weight, and bird numbers, both separately and in combination, on overall engine damage, fan blade damage, core damage, and other adverse effects on flight. A summary of all pertinent data from each ingestion is included in an appendix. KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft hazards KW - Aircraft safety KW - Aviation safety KW - Birds KW - Hazards KW - Ingestion engines KW - Turbofan engines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448778 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00811709 AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Aeronautics and Space Administration AU - Transport Canada TI - EVALUATION OF WINTER OPERATIONAL RUNWAY FRICTION MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT, PROCEDURES, AND RESEARCH PY - 1995/01/25 SP - 84 p. AB - This document, produced by the FAA/Industry Winter Runway Friction Measurement and Reporting Working Group, is designed to provide an overview of current information on the present guidance, practices, and procedures for reporting runway pavement surface conditions during winter operations at airports. It contains recommendations on the desirability of providing the best procedural consistency and standardization and discusses the available means to implement the guidance that will result in improved aviation safety at airports during hazardous winter conditions. KW - Airport runways KW - Airports KW - Aviation safety KW - Friction KW - Friction tests KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Winter maintenance UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/1000/1100/1106/wrfmrwg1.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17800/17898/PB2001104955.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680238 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932882 AU - Harris, H C AU - Schroeder, D J AU - Collins, W E AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - EFFECTS OF AGE AND LOW DOSES OF ALCOHOL ON COMPENSATORY TRACKING DURING ANGULAR ACCELERATION PY - 1995/01 SP - 23 p. AB - This study assesses the effects of age and three breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) levels (0.04, 0.027 and 0.014%) on flying performance. Performance was assessed while subjects experienced mild angular stimulation. On the day prior to drinking, 48 subjects drawn from three age categories (27-32, 42-47, and 57-62 years) completed 4 training sessions on a compensatory tracking task (a localizer/glide slope instrument that required compensatory tracking of both a horizontal and a vertical needle) with and without a secondary auditory recognition task, under 1.0 ft L. and 0.1 ft L. illumination conditions. The test day consisted of a pre-drinking session and 3 experimental sessions conducted at the appropriate times on the descending limb of the alcohol curve, as indicated by breath alcohol measurements. Mean performance scores for the 3 age groups were compared across the 4 sessions. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) test yielded a significant interaction and a significant main effect (age and sessions) for the combined needle errors under the 0.1 ft L. illumination level with the secondary task. The resulting simple effects tests revealed age differences at all post-drinking sessions favoring younger over older subjects, and poorer performance for the older age subjects at the 0.04% BrAC level. When testing individual needle errors, MANOVA tests yielded a significant interaction and main effects in the high illumination condition both with and without the secondary task for vertical needle errors. Resulting simple effects analysis of variance tests yielded significant age and alcohol effects for the older subjects. This study showed no evidence of performance decrement associated with BrACs below 0.04% KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Age groups KW - Air pilots KW - Alcohol breath tests KW - Alcohol use KW - Analysis of variance KW - Auditory perception KW - Compensatory tracking KW - Human error KW - Human subject testing KW - Lighting KW - Multivariate analysis KW - Personnel performance UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM95-03.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724616 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932880 AU - Collins, W E AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - A REVIEW OF CIVIL AVIATION FATAL ACCIDENTS IN WHICH "LOST/DISORIENTED" WAS A CAUSE/FACTOR: 1981-1990 PY - 1995/01 SP - 7 p. AB - The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) analyzes circumstances and data from civil aviation accidents and ascribes one or more causes and/or related factors to help explain each accident. Among the formally accepted NTSB categories of accident causation is one termed "lost/disoriented;" that term generally differs from "spatial disorientation" and refers more to a loss of geographic awareness and, perhaps, resulting confusion on the part of the pilot. The present study was undertaken to provide information regarding the circumstances surrounding these fatal general aviation accidents in recent years, and to define demographic and behavioral characteristics of the "lost/disoriented" pilots. Those reports were examined and analyzed in terms of type of accident, age and experience of pilots, actions of pilots, night or day, and other conditions. The computer search yielded a total of 120 accidents in which "lost/disoriented" was among the findings noted by investigators of general aviation accidents for the 10 year period. Those accidents resulted in 240 fatalities. Related causes and circumstances associated with the accidents were analyzed and categorized. "Lost/disoriented" accident frequency for the 1981-90 period peaked at 22 fatal accidents in 1985 and declined steadily thereafter. 75% of the pilots had no instrument rating, 64% of the accidents were associated with adverse weather, and just over half occurred at night. Other analyses suggest that educational efforts should continue to emphasize proper flight planning and the flight hazards of adverse weather conditions so that the recently lowered rates of "lost/disoriented" accidents can be maintained or improved. KW - Age KW - Air pilots KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Awareness KW - Behavior KW - Civil aviation KW - Crash analysis KW - Crash causes KW - Demographics KW - Disorientation KW - Fatalities KW - Flight plans KW - Instrument flying KW - Lost pilots KW - Periods of the day KW - Weather conditions UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM95-01.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724614 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932881 AU - Parker, J F AU - Christensen, D G AU - Shepherd, W T AU - Gunn, W J AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - BioTechnology, Incorporated TI - DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTERVENTION PROGRAM TO ENCOURAGE SHOULDER HARNESS USE AND AIRCRAFT RETROFIT IN GENERAL AVIATION AIRCRAFT: PHASES I AND II PY - 1995/01 SP - 54 p. AB - This report describes a study of shoulder harness installation and use rates in general aviation aircraft. Observations were made at six geographically separate areas to determine estimates of current installation and use rates. An expert panel was employed to identify important factors that affect installation and use of shoulder harnesses in general aviation aircraft. Analyses are presented to explain reasons for shoulder harness installation and use rates. An educational program is proposed to influence pilots to install and/or use shoulder harnesses in their general aviation aircraft. KW - Behavior KW - Cockpits KW - General aviation aircraft KW - General aviation pilots KW - Retrofitting KW - Safety education KW - Safety programs KW - Shoulder harnesses UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM95-02.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724615 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932883 AU - Edwards, M B AU - Fuller, D K AU - Vortac, O U AU - Manning, C A AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman TI - THE ROLE OF FLIGHT PROGRESS STRIPS IN EN ROUTE AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL: A TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS PY - 1995/01 SP - 14 p. AB - Paper flight progress strips (FPSs) are currently used in the United States en route air traffic control system to document flight information. Impending automation will replace these paper strips with electronic flight data entries. In this observational study, control actions, communication events, and computer interactions were recorded and analyzed using time-series regression models. Regression models were developed to predict FPS activities (Writing, Manipulating, Looking) at different levels of traffic complexity, for individuals and teams of air traffic controllers. Results indicated that writing was well predicted by a common, simple time-series equation. The ability to predict FPS manipulations was modest, but prediction of looking at FPSs was poor. Overall, these data indicate that (1) flight strip activities were similar for individuals and for the data-side controllers in the team (whose primary responsibility is the strips), and (2) flight strip activity for teams was predictable from the radar-side controller's actions, but not the data-side controller's actions. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Automation KW - Communication systems KW - Enroute traffic control KW - Flight progress strips KW - Human subject testing KW - Information processing KW - Radar air traffic control KW - Regression analysis KW - Time series analysis UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM95-04.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724617 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00731947 AU - Bagot, K W AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE PAVEMENT MARKING MATERIALS PY - 1995/01 SP - 50 p. AB - This study was undertaken to evaluate potential alternative marking materials for use on airport pavement marking systems. The materials were evaluated for conspicuity, durability, rubber buildup, color retention, friction, environmental acceptability, and cost benefits. Five materials were evaluated (two waterborne, two epoxies, and one methacrylic resin) at three test airports around the country for a period of one year. The three test airports, chosen for their different climatic conditions, were Atlantic City, Greater Pittsburgh, and Phoenix Sky Harbor International airports. Epoxies and resins were more durable than water-borne paints in areas subject to heavy snowfall and snowplow activity, particularly when applied to Portland cement concrete surfaces. The epoxies tested did show some signs of yellowing after extensive ultraviolet exposure. It was also determined that the addition of silica and/or glass beads improved the conspicuity of the markings, improved friction, and minimized rubber adherence. The cost-benefit analysis showed that more durable materials and the addition of silica and/or beads does increase the initial cost of marking the airport surfaces but could reduce the number of painting cycles on many portions of the airport from several times per year to once every several years. KW - Airport runways KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Durability KW - Epoxy coatings KW - Marking materials KW - Road markings KW - Visibility UR - http://www.airporttech.tc.faa.gov/DesktopModules/FlexNews/DownloadHandler.ashx?id=5cac2643-fcf3-48ce-a16c-acb062b7f5a3&f=CT94-119.pdf UR - http://www.airporttech.tc.faa.gov/Download/Airport-Safety-Papers-Publications-Detail/dt/Detail/ItemID/108/Evaluation-of-Alternative-Pavement-Marking-Materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/466692 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00719116 AU - Katz, E AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - VISUAL GUIDANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM APPROACHES PY - 1995/01 SP - 21 p. AB - This technical note presents a discussion of visual guidance requirements for supporting aircraft instrument approach and landing operations, as they are presently perceived, and addresses further the issue of future requirements in support of Global Positioning System (GPS) instrument approaches. Current instrument approach procedures and the various visual guidance systems required to support them are discussed along with a brief dissertation concerning the purpose of visual guidance system components. The GPS visual guidance requirements are analyzed in detail, and recommendations for supporting visual aids are provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Global Positioning System KW - Guidance systems KW - Guidance systems (Aircraft) KW - Instrument approach KW - Instrument landing systems KW - Landing aids KW - Navigation KW - Visual navigation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/453887 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070588 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Worcester municipal airport, Five(5) year plan of improvements, proposed parallel taxiway to runway 11-29 : environmental impact statement PY - 1995///Volumes held: Draft, Supplement to the draft(2v), Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Massachusetts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/829973 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070523 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Burbank/Glendale/Pasadena airport land acquisition and replacement terminal project : environmental impact statement PY - 1995///Volumes held: Draft, Final(2v) KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/829908 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070509 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Expanded east coast plan, changes in aircraft flight patterns over the State of NJ : environmental impact statement PY - 1995///Volumes held: Draft, Supplement to the draft, Supplement to the draftapp, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Jersey UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/829894 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932897 AU - McLean, G A AU - George, M H AU - Chittum, C B AU - Funkhouser, G E AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AIRCRAFT EVACUATIONS THROUGH TYPE-III EXITS: EFFECTS OF SEAT PLACEMENT AT THE EXIT PY - 1995 AB - Simulated emergency egress from Type III over-wing exits was studied to support regulatory action by the Federal Aviation Administration. Passageway width and seat encroachment distance adjacent to the Type-III exit were the major variables of interest. Two subject groups of differing mean ages were employed in a repeated-measures evaluation of different passageway widths leading to the exit in an aircraft cabin evacuation facility. Main effects of passageway width and seat encroachment distance on egress rates were determined using analysis of variance. Main effects were found for passageway width, seat encroachment distance, and subject group. The passageway width resulted from slowed egress at 6- and 10-inch wide passageways relative to 13-, 15-, and 20-inch passageways; seat encroachment effects were found for maximum seat encroachments but not midpoint and minimum encroachment distances. The subject group effects were found to result from a general increase in egress time for the older subject group. Findings indicate that the placement of seat assemblies at the Type-III exit has significant effects on passenger egress through the exit opening. Narrow passageways and/or large encroachments of the seat into the area of the exit opening delay egress significantly. Relative to the younger subjects, older subjects were found to have a general increase in egress times at all seat placement configurations that did not appear to worsen as the access route to the exit was made more restrictive. KW - Age KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Aircraft cabins KW - Analysis of variance KW - Emergency exits KW - Evacuation KW - Layout KW - Regulations KW - Seats KW - Simulation KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - Width UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM95-22.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725728 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00786000 AU - Wright, Melanie C AU - Barlow, Todd AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Monterey Technologies, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - RESOURCE DOCUMENT FOR THE DESIGN OF ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURE DISPLAYS PY - 1995 SP - xi/xii, 230 p. AB - This report identifies guidelines for the design of electronic instrument approach procedure displays (EIAPS). It combines information on the operational aspects of the instrument approach procedure task and key cognitive issues in the design of EIAPs with information available in human-computer interaction literature. This document identifies general human-computer interaction principles for the design of EIAPs and guidelines for implementation of specific features and functions on an EIAP. KW - Human factors KW - Information display systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/637631 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00786457 AU - Wright, Joseph A AU - Galaxy Scientific Corporation AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - DRIVER'S ENHANCED VISION SYSTEM (DEVS) PY - 1995 SP - 106 p. in various pagings AB - This document reports on the Driver's Enhanced Vision System (DEVS) program, designed to improve the response times of Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF) services during periods of poor visibility. The study identifies the advanced technologies available, evaluates systems, and defines requirements for the necessary equipment. DEVS is composed of three subsystems: night vision (using an infrared camera and monitor), navigation (using a differential GPS receiver and moving map display), and tracking (a digital radio datalink between the command center and the vehicle). KW - Global Positioning System KW - Infrared detectors KW - Navigational aids UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/638075 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00886804 AU - FLEMING, M AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FATIGUE RELIABILITY METHOD WITH IN-SERVICE INSPECTIONS. PY - 1995 IS - AD A295 795 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Mathematical models KW - Monte Carlo method KW - Scheduling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/579269 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00881505 AU - Fobes, J L AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - TEST AND EVALUATION PLAN FOR THE DUPE CHECKLIST SYSTEMS (DCS). PY - 1995 IS - PB97-151971 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Baggage KW - Baggage handling KW - Prevention KW - Security KW - Terrorism UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/567952 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00876521 AU - DYE, ROBERT V AU - FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR FOR SYSTEM SAFETY, OFFICE OF SAFETY SERVICES, SAFETY ANALYSIS DIVISION TI - HUMAN PERFORMANCE CONSIDERATIONS IN THE USE AND DESIGN OF AIRCRAFT CHECKLISTS. PY - 1995 IS - PB97-104764 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/562198 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00735706 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - CRIMINAL ACTS AGAINST CIVIL AVIATION PY - 1995 SP - 91 p. AB - The report details criminal acts against aviation in a compilation of hijackings, bombings, and other significant criminal acts against civil and general aviation interests worldwide. KW - Bombings KW - Civil aviation KW - Crimes KW - Hijacking KW - Prevention KW - Security UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/478416 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00864130 AU - JONES, JESSE AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - MARK 20 CATEGORY II/III INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM OPERATIONAL TEST AND EVALUATION, FUNCTIONAL AND PERFORMANCE TEST REPORT. PY - 1995 IS - AD A303 409 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Evaluation KW - Instrument landing systems KW - Landing KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/630178 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00864535 AU - HAWTHORNE, CHRISTOPHER AU - BLAKE, DAVID AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - PERFORMANCE OF IMPROVED AEROSOL CANS SUBJECTED TO AN AIRCRAFT FIRE. PY - 1995 IS - AD A303 805 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aerosols KW - Aircraft cabins KW - Fire resistant materials KW - Research KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/630310 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00864131 AU - KRAUSS, RONALD A AU - NOVAKOFF, A KENNETH AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - BULK EXPLOSIVES DETECTION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENTAL TEST AND EVALUATION GENERAL PROTOCOL FOR SCREENING BAGGAGE AND ELECTRONICS. T2 - GENERAL PROTOCOL FOR SCREENING BAGGAGE AND ELECTRONICS PY - 1995 IS - AD A303 397 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Baggage KW - Baggage handling KW - Explosives KW - Prevention KW - Security KW - Terrorism UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/630179 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00864536 AU - CORMIER, STEPHEN M AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FAA K-9 PROGRAM QUALITY CONTROL AID TEST AND EVALUATION PLAN. PY - 1995 IS - AD A303 798 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Baggage KW - Baggage handling KW - Dogs KW - Explosives KW - Police KW - Prevention KW - Terrorism UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/630311 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00864548 AU - CORMIER, STEPHEN M AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - SYSTEMS ANALYSIS OF THE FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION'S K-9 PROGRAM. PY - 1995 IS - AD A303 844 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Dogs KW - Evaluation KW - Police KW - Prevention KW - Terrorism UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/630323 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00864109 AU - Fobes, J L AU - McAnulty, D Michael AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - TEST AND EVALUATION PLAN FOR THE SCREENER PROFICIENCY EVALUATION AND REPORTING SYSTEM (SPEARS) THREAT IMAGE PROJECTION. PY - 1995 IS - AD A303 707 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Baggage KW - Baggage handling KW - Human factors engineering KW - Prevention KW - Security KW - Terrorism UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/630165 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00863736 AU - Rehmann, Albert J AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - REPORT OF STUDY ON AIRLINES' ANTICIPATED NEAR FUTURE COCKPIT CONTROL AND DISPLAY CAPABILITIES AND PLANS FOR DATA LINK COMMUNICATIONS. PY - 1995 IS - AD A302 151 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Airlines KW - Airplanes KW - Cockpits UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/000/400/402/tn95_31.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/629951 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00863851 AU - WEISS, THOMAS M AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FINAL REPORT FOR THE ATC OPERATIONAL EVALUATION OF THE PROTOTYPE INTEGRATED TERMINAL WEATHER SYSTEM (ITWS) AT DALLAS/FORT WORTH AND ORLANDO AIRPORTS (MAY-SEPTEMBER 1993). PY - 1995 IS - AD A293 808 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Aids to air navigation KW - Airports KW - Dallas (Texas) KW - Meteorology KW - Orlando (Florida) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/630055 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00863737 AU - DiMeo, K AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - LOS ANGELES INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM APPROACH PHASE 2 AND 3 FINAL TEST REPORT. PY - 1995 IS - AD A302 727 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Evaluation KW - Instrument landing systems KW - Landing aids KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/629952 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00863739 AU - SEEGER, DIENA AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - NATIONAL SIMULATION CAPABILITY REDUCED VERTICAL SEPARATION MINIMA PHASE I RESULT REPORT. PY - 1995 IS - AD A302 726 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Airplanes KW - Airports KW - Traffic control KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/629954 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00863852 AU - ALIMENTI, RAYMOND J AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - MODE S BEACON SYSTEM TERMINAL CONFIGURATION PERFORMANCE TEST REPORT. PY - 1995 IS - AD A295 813 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Radar air traffic control KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/630056 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00863853 AU - REHMANN, ALBERT AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FLIGHTDECK PARTY LINE ISSUES AN AVIATION SAFETY REPORTING SYSTEM ANALYSIS. T2 - AVIATION SAFETY REPORTING SYSTEM ANALYSIS PY - 1995 IS - AD A296 812 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air pilots KW - Air traffic control KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Automation KW - Psychology UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/000/800/855/tn95_12.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/630057 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00863897 AU - Fobes, J L AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - COMPUTER RESERVATION SYSTEM COVERAGE FOR U.S. DOMESTIC AIRLINES IMPLICATION FOR PASSENGER PROFILING. T2 - IMPLICATION FOR PASSENGER PROFILING PY - 1995 IS - AD A300 193 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Airports KW - Baggage KW - Baggage handling KW - Prevention KW - Reservation systems KW - Security KW - Terrorism UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/630072 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00863731 AU - LYNCH, LARRY N AU - NEWMAN, J KENT AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - JOINT SEALANTS FOR AIRPORT PAVEMENTS. PY - 1995 IS - AD A294 754 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airport runways KW - Maintenance KW - Pavements KW - Sealing compounds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/629946 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00863738 AU - Fobes, J L AU - McAnulty, D Michael AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - INITIAL DEVELOPMENT OF SELECTION INSTRUMENTS FOR EVALUATING APPLICANTS AS POTENTIAL AIRLINE PASSENGER BAGGAGE SCREENERS FOR CONVENTIONAL X-RAY TECHNOLOGY. PY - 1995 IS - AD A298 779 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airline police KW - Airports KW - Baggage KW - Baggage handling KW - Prevention KW - Security KW - Terrorism UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/629953 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00863896 AU - BENNER, WILLIAM E AU - WEISS, THOMAS M AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - INTEGRATED TERMINAL WEATHER SYSTEM (ITWS) TEST AND EVALUATION MASTER PLAN (TEMP). PY - 1995 IS - AD A301 084 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Air traffic control KW - Airports KW - Meteorology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/630071 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861095 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - HAAPALA, DAVID R AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - OPERATIONAL AND ECONOMIC ISSUES OF FUTURE LANDING SYSTEMS. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Instrument landing systems KW - Landing aids KW - Landing aids (Aeronautics) KW - Microwave landing systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525644 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861125 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - WYNNE, RICHARD AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - FROM QUEEN AIRS TO RJS: EVOLUTION IN MAJOR-REGIONAL AIRLINE ALLIANCES AND CODE SHARING. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Local service airlines KW - Management KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525651 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860695 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - ALLEN, RONALD W AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - COST CONTROLS LEAD IMPROVED FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Cost control KW - Finance KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525440 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860699 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - BLOCH, FREDERICO AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - AVIATION IN LATIN AMERICA. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Airlines KW - Latin America UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525444 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860757 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KAPLAN, DANIEL P AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - THE PURSUIT OF COMPETITION: A REVIEW OF U.S. PUBLIC POLICY IN THE AIRLINE INDUSTRY. T2 - REVIEW OF U.S. PUBLIC POLICY IN THE AIRLINE INDUSTRY NEW YORK: AVIATION WEEK GROUP, 1995. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation policy KW - Airlines KW - Competition UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525469 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860833 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - BAGGALEY, PHILIP A AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - ASSESSING AN AIRLINE'S CREDIT QUALITY. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Credit KW - Credit ratings KW - Finance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525508 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861048 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - CROSS, ROBERT G AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - AN INTRODUCTION TO REVENUE MANAGEMENT. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Finance KW - Management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525619 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861044 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - IRRGANG, MICHAEL E AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - AIRLINE IRREGULAR OPERATIONS. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Management KW - Scheduling KW - Scheduling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525615 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860702 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - FRIEND, PATRICIA A AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - WALKING A FINE LINE BETWEEN PRODUCTIVITY AND EXPLOITATION: FLIGHT ATTENDANTS AND THE AIRLINE INDUSTRY IN THE 1990S. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Filght attendants KW - Finance KW - Flight attendants KW - Management KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525447 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860703 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - WEIDEMEYER, TOM AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - THE EMERGENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATED ALL-CARGO AIR CARRIER. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Airlines KW - Commodities KW - Deregulation KW - Finance KW - Freight traffic KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525448 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860752 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - HAZEL, ROBERT AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - AIRPORT ECONOMICS. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Airports KW - Deregulation KW - Finance KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525465 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860836 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - BAKER, ROBERT W AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - AIRLINE OPERATIONS. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Management KW - Personnel management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525511 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860837 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - GHOBRIAL, ATEF AU - Kanafani, Adib K AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - FUTURE OF HUBBING/DEHUBBING IN THE U.S. AIRPORT SYSTEM. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Airlines KW - Forecasting KW - Location KW - Management KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525512 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860696 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - CRANDALL, ROBERT L AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - THE UNIQUE U.S. AIRLINE INDUSTRY. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Airlines KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525441 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860698 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - MARSHALL, COLIN AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - OPEN SKIES MUST EQUAL OPEN ACCESS. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Airlines KW - United Kingdom KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525443 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860832 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - ARPEY, GERARD J AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - THE CHALLENGE OF AIRLINE FINANCE. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Finance KW - Management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525507 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860834 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - ROBERTS, PHILIP AU - ROACH, MICHAEL AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - LOW COSTS: THE KEY TO AIRLINE SUCCESS AS PRICING BECOMES INCREASINGLY MARKET DRIVEN. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Finance KW - Rates KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525509 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00861150 AU - Fobes, J L AU - KLOCK, BRENDA A AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - TEST AND EVALUATION PLAN FOR THE EXPLOSIVE DEVICE DETECTION BASELINE (EDDB) STUDY. PY - 1995 IS - AD A298 890 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Baggage KW - Baggage handling KW - Prevention KW - Security KW - Terrorism UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/523178 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861124 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - BROOKS, OAKLEY AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - REGIONAL CARRIERS 1995: A REPORT CARD. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Finance KW - Local service airlines KW - Management KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525650 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861126 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - LAUBER, JOHN K AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - AIRLINE SAFETY: THE EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF RISK. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Airlines KW - Risk management KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525652 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861045 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - NESBIT, WILLIAM R AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - AIRLINE PRODUCTIVITY: THE KEY TO SUSTAINED PROFITABILITY. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Management KW - Operating costs KW - Productivity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525616 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861047 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - PEARSON, GEORGE AU - STRAHLER, JOAN AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - AIRLINE SCHEDULING. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Scheduling KW - Scheduling KW - Timetables UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525618 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861092 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - MINECK, DAVID W AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - SATELLITE-BASED NAVIGATION AND COMMUNICATION: THE IMPACT UPON WORLD AIRLINE OPERATIONS. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Artificial satellites KW - Global Positioning System KW - Navigational satellites UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525641 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861049 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KRETSCH, STEVEN S AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - AIRLINE FARE MANAGEMENT AND POLICY. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Finance KW - Management KW - Rates UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525620 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861051 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - ELSWORTHY, LEWIS E AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - THE CRS: A GLOBAL ELECTRONIC MARKETPLACE. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Reservation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525622 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861088 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - BORER, DAVID A AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - DOING BATTLE: FLIGHT ATTENDANT LABOR RELATIONS IN THE '90S. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Flight attendants KW - Strikes KW - Strikes and lockouts KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525637 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861090 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - GORDON, JEFFERY N AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP AS A TRANSITIONAL DEVICE: THE CASE OF THE AIRLINE INDUSTRY. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Employee ownership KW - Finance KW - Management KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525639 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861128 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - ABBEY, DOUGLAS AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - THE STATUS OF AMERICA'S SMALL COMMUNITY AIR SERVICE. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Local service airlines KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525654 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860759 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - PILARSKI, ADAM M AU - THOMAS, PAUL A AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - MATURATION IN AIR TRANSPORTATION. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Airlines KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525471 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860830 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KNEISLEY, ROBERT W AU - FAIRCHILD, SAMUEL W AU - SPOLARICH, AUDREY WRIGHT AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - THE CASE FOR REGULATORY SUNSET. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Airlines KW - Deregulation KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525505 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860758 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - TRENT, JUDITH M AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - A HISTORY OF HALTING MOVES TOWARD OPEN MARKETS. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation policy KW - Airlines KW - Competition KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525470 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860760 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Dempsey, Paul Stephan AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - DYSFUNCTIONAL ECONOMICS AND THE AIRLINE INDUSTRY. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Economic factors KW - Economic impacts KW - Finance KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525472 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860829 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - PILARSKI, ADAM M AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - AIRLINE PRIVATIZATION: AS A RESPONSE TO GLOBALIZATION. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Deregulation KW - Finance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525504 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860831 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - GALLAGHER, THOMAS J AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - AIRCRAFT FINANCE AND AIRLINE FINANCIAL ANALYSIS IN THE FIFTH CYCLE OF THE JET AGE. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Finance KW - Jet transports UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525506 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861050 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - DURHAM, MICHAEL J AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - THE FUTURE OF SABRE. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Rates KW - Reservation systems KW - SABRE (Computer system) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525621 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861052 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - STUMPP, PETER AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - DEVELOPING A FRAMEWORK FOR AIRPORT CARGO PLANNING. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Airports KW - Commodities KW - Design KW - Freight traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525623 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861089 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - PETTITT, MAUREEN A AU - DUNLAP, JOSEPH H AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - THE IMPACT OF THE ADVANCED QUALIFICATION PROGRAM ON AIRLINE OPERATIONS AND ECONOMICS. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Flight training KW - Management KW - Personnel management KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525638 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861091 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - SHARP, J ANTHONY AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - AVIATION CAREER OPPORTUNITIES FOR AFRICAN AMERICAN STUDENTS. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - African Americans KW - Air pilots UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525640 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861087 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - DUTTON, JOHN AU - EDWARDS, CHARLES AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - THE USE OF AIR CARGO FOR U.S. INTERNATIONAL EXPORT SHIPMENTS. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Commodities KW - Exports KW - Freight traffic KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525636 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860753 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - McNerney, Michael T AU - Harrison, Robert AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - FULL-COST APPROACH TO AIRPORT PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airport runways KW - Airports KW - Finance KW - Maintenance KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525466 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860755 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - ENGEL, THOMAS P AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - SACRAMENTO METRO AIRPORT'S NEW RENTAL CAR OPERATION: MAKING A DIFFERENCE. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Rental cars KW - Sacramento (California) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525468 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861046 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - HOULE, DAVID AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - MODERN JET TRANSPORT FLIGHT TESTING. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Airworthiness KW - Jet transports KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525617 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861086 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - EDWARDS, REX J AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - AIRPORT ROUTING PATTERNS FOR THE U.S. INTERNATIONAL AIR CARGO MARKET. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Commodities KW - Freight traffic KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525635 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861093 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - FLOOD, ANDREW AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - NEW TRENDS IN AVIONICS MAINTENANCE: IMPACT IN COST AND RELIABILITY THROUGH THIRD PARTY CONTACTS. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Avionics KW - Maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525642 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861123 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Eastman, Richard AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - TICKETLESS TRAVEL. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Management KW - Rates KW - Reservation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525649 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861127 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - O'BRIEN, JOHN AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - ALPA'S ONE LEVEL OF SAFETY. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Airlines KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525653 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860697 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - GREENWALD, GERALD AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - RETURN ON OWNERSHIP. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Finance KW - Management KW - Rate of return KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525442 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860704 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - BUTLER, GAIL F AU - KELLER, MARTIN R AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - AIRPORTS AND AIRLINES: ANALYSIS OF A SYMBIOTIC, LOVE-HATE RELATIONSHIP. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Airports KW - Finance KW - Management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525449 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860754 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Perry, Linda J AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - AN EVALUATION OF AIR CARRIER GATE USE AT SELECTED AIRPORTS. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Finance KW - Landing fees KW - Traffic control KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525467 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860835 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Perry, Linda J AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - THE RESPONSE OF MAJOR AIRLINES TO LOW-COST AIRLINES. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Competition KW - Competiton KW - Management KW - Rates KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525510 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861043 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - KOSATKA, ART AU - SKOV, MICHAEL AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - ECONOMICS OF AVIATION SECURITY. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Airlines KW - Airports KW - Costs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525614 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00861096 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - RIPLEY, ROBERT F AU - KLEMM, MARGARET AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - ANALYSIS OF AIRLINE FLIGHT CREW RESPONSES TO TCAS II ALERTS. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Air traffic control KW - Airplanes KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Pilotage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525645 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860700 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - GALLAGHER, MAURICE J AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - VALUJET AIRLINES: AN ANALYSIS / MAURICE J. GALLAGHER.. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Finance KW - Management KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525445 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860701 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - ROCHAT, PHILLIPE AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - THE CHALLENGES OF THE FUTURE FOR THE INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - International Civil Aviation Organization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525446 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860751 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - PINO, MARC AU - FISCHBECK, BRIAN AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - AIRPORT FUNDING. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Airports KW - Finance KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525464 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00860838 JO - HANDBOOK OF AIRLINE ECONOMICS PB - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - BAIADA, MICHAEL AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Air Line Pilots Association TI - FREE FLIGHT: REINVENTING AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL: PRODUCTION LINE MANAGEMENT. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Airplanes KW - Airports UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/525513 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00713711 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FAA STRATEGIC PLAN. APPENDIX: FUTURE SYSTEMS CONCEPT. DEFINING THE FUTURE PY - 1995 SP - 150 p. AB - Volume 1 of this Strategic Plan sets the strategic direction for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Based on an extensive examination of the aviation environment, challenger sessions held with the aviation community, discussions, with both FAA's top managers and experts in many field, and a look within FAA, the plan describes FAA's mission, vision and values. It discusses the forces that will drive FAA action in the future aviation environment. This appendix describes FAA's evolving future operational concept and the future air traffic management system. In detail, it describes the future FAA is building. KW - Air traffic KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Operating strategies KW - Strategic planning KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448401 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00857726 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AIR TRAFFIC SERVICE PLAN, 1995-2000. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Air transportation KW - Planning KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/522257 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00713102 AU - National Materials Advisory Board TI - IMPROVED FIRE- AND SMOKE-RESISTANT MATERIALS FOR COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT INTERIORS: A PROCEEDINGS SN - 0309053366 PY - 1995 SP - 258p AB - The National Research Council's Committee on Fire- and Smoke-Resistant Materials for Commercial Aircraft Interiors hosted a conference at the National Academy of Sciences on November 8-10, 1994. Conference attendees included representatives from industry, government, and academe. The conference participants identified trends in aircraft fire safety and suggested promising research directions for the Federal Aviation Administration's program in smoke and fire resistant materials. This conference report contains the 15 papers presented by the invited speakers and summaries of the workshop sessions that followed. The papers served as background for the workshop sessions, each of which addressed a specific topic: (1) toxicity issues, (2) fire performance parameters, (3) drivers for materials development, and (4) new materials technology. Each workshop group discussed the current state of development, technological needs, and promising technology for future development. U1 - Conference on Fire and Smoke Resistant MaterialsCommittee on Fire- and Smoke-Resistant Materials for Commercial Aircraft Interiors, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation.National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19941108 EndDate:19941110 Sponsors:Committee on Fire- and Smoke-Resistant Materials for Commercial Aircraft Interiors, National Research Council; and Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. KW - Aircraft KW - Conferences KW - Development KW - Fire prevention KW - Fire resistant materials KW - Fires KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Interior KW - Materials KW - Materials performance KW - Performance KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Safety KW - Technological innovations KW - Toxicity KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/451662 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00856976 AU - Fobes, J L AU - McAnulty, D Michael AU - LOFARO, RONALD J AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - TEST AND EVALUATION PLAN FOR THE SCREENER PROFICIENCY EVALUATION AND REPORTING SYSTEM (SPEARS) COMPUTER-BASED TRAINING. PY - 1995 IS - PB95-200796 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Baggage KW - Baggage handling KW - Human factors engineering KW - Prevention KW - Security KW - Terrorism UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/522022 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00856323 AU - McLean, G A AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AIRCRAFT EVACUATIONS THROUGH TYPE-III EXITS.. T2 - EFFECTS OF SEAT PLACEMENT AT THE EXIT. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Aircraft cabins KW - Airplanes KW - Design KW - Seats KW - Survival UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/521908 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00855693 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TRAINING.. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Flight crews KW - Flight training KW - Training KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/521458 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00854385 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - NATIONAL PLAN OF INTEGRATED AIRPORT SYSTEMS (NPIAS), 1993-1997: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION TO THE CONGRESS PURSUANT TO SECTION 47103 OF TITLE 49 UNITED STATES CODE.. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Statistics KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/520939 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00852292 AU - KATZ, ERIC AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF AN UNLIGHTED SWINGING AIRPORT SIGN. PY - 1995 IS - AD-A284 763 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Airports KW - Signs KW - Signs and signboard KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/550518 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00852261 AU - National Technical Information Service AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - USER BENEFITS OF TWO-WAY DATA LINK ATC COMMUNICATIONS: AIRCRAFT DELAY AND FLIGHT EFFICIENCY IN CONGESTED EN ROUTE AIRSPACE. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Communication systems UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/000/400/412/95_4en_1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/550503 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00852163 AU - Vortac, O U AU - EDWARDS, MARK B AU - Manning, Carol A AU - National Technical Information Service AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Civil Aeromedical Institute AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman TI - FUNCTIONS OF EXTERNAL CUES IN PROSPECTIVE MEMORY. T2 - AUTOMATION AND COGNITION IN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Memory KW - Psychological aspects KW - Psychology KW - Reaction time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/550478 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935747 AU - Stern, J A AU - Boyer, D AU - Schroeder, D J AU - Touchstone, R M AU - Stoliarov, N AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Washington University, St Louis TI - BLINKS, SACCADES, AND FIXATION PAUSES DURING VIGILANCE TASK PERFORMANCE: I. TIME ON TASK PY - 1994/12 SP - 45 p. AB - Operators of complex equipment increasingly are spending more time monitoring computer controlled devices rather than having hands-on control. The operator intervenes in system operation under unusual conditions or when there is a computer malfunction. The operator's task thus becomes a "vigilance" task, one requiring attention to monitoring equipment with little need for action. An individual's ability to maintain vigilance is easily compromised, with time-on-task (TOT) a major detractor of performance. This research asks if gaze control measures can be used to reflect and predict periods of impaired vigilance. The results of this study clearly demonstrate that a number of aspects of eye movements and eye blinks show significant TOT effects. These effects are more likely to be associated with short periods of attentional lapses or "microsleep" than with more tonic changes in alertness level. The literature dealing with indicants of fatigue and time-on-task effects is reviewed. The study evaluated aspects of blinking and eye movements in subjects performing an air traffic control simulation task. Subjects performed the task for a 2-hour period on 3 separate occasions. Significant increases in blink frequency, blink closing duration, blink flurries, eye closures and fixation pause were obtained as well as similar effects for derivative measures. Though the current data was collected through electrodes attached to the participant, much of the information can be acquired with remote monitoring technologies. This makes possible the application of such measures in a field setting where subjects are required to work on a display terminal. KW - Air traffic control KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Alertness KW - Attention lapses KW - Blinks KW - Computers KW - Eye fixations KW - Eye movements KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Literature reviews KW - Simulation KW - Time-on-task KW - Video display terminals KW - Vigilance UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am94-26.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725479 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00719114 AU - Bagot, K W AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF RETRO-REFLECTIVE BEADS IN AIRPORT PAVEMENT MARKINGS PY - 1994/12 SP - 66 p. AB - This report identifies the results of a 1-year comparative evaluation on the use of retro-reflective glass beads in airport surface pavement markings. Class beads meeting Federal Specification TT-B-1325B, Type I and III were tested at three airports for retro-reflectivity, effects of runway friction, conspicuity, and durability. The three test airports were Atlantic City, Greater Pittsburgh, and Phoenix Sky Harbor International airports. Data from this study show the use of beaded materials in airport markings increased the conspicuity and quality of the airport markings. Also discovered in this evaluation was the friction enhancement gained from the incorporation of beads and silica additives into the paint materials. As a result of the findings of this study, certain modifications are recommended for the two existing specifications regarding airport pavement markings. KW - Airport runways KW - Durability KW - Friction KW - Glass beads KW - Retroreflectors KW - Road markings KW - Visibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/453885 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00715210 AU - Stein, E S AU - Buckley, E AU - Mann, K AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - HUMAN FACTORS AT THE FAA TECHNICAL CENTER: BIBLIOGRAPHY 1958-1994 PY - 1994/12 SP - 47 p. AB - Since the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) arrived in Atlantic City in 1958, there have been ongoing efforts in aviation human factors. These efforts have taken many forms and have focused on both the ground and air sides of the airspace system. Psychologists, engineers, systems analysts, computer scientists and others have participated in the studies that have led to numerous reports and papers cited in this bibliography. While this listing is probably not all inclusive, it covers virtually all work that is referenced in automated data bases plus publications that were identified by current and past researchers, but which never made it to the computerized listings. This bibliography is meant to highlight the work that has gone on over the years. While many of the documents cited are still available from the Technical Center library, or from the authors themselves, the editors do not suggest that everything is retrievable, and, in fact, much of the older work has been superseded by more modern technology and thinking. The research of 30 years ago has served as a foundation for the human factors engineering that is being done today. The references are provided in alphabetical order and indexed by numbers associated with subject matter categories. KW - Airspace (Aeronautics) KW - Airspace (Law) KW - Aviation personnel KW - Bibliographies KW - Ground handling KW - Human factors engineering KW - Personnel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448773 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00715188 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION PLAN FOR RESEARCH, ENGINEERING AND DEVELOPMENT, 1995 PY - 1994/12 SP - 203 p. AB - The Research, Engineering and Development (R,E&D) Plan describes the FAA's efforts to develop technologies that address both current and projected National Airspace System (NAS) issues so that our nation can maintain a competitive, robust aviation infrastructure. Two significant changes to the 1995 plan are an effort to focus on long-range planning and a priority-based selection process that ensure only the most important projects are allocated scarce resources and included in the plan. These two changes are key to having an R,E&D program that is innovative in nature, is responsive to our 'customers' in every segment of the aviation community, and is more businesslike. However, it is important to remember that this plan and the initial changes instituted are not the final answer. KW - Air transportation KW - Airspace (Aeronautics) KW - Airspace (Law) KW - Development KW - Land use planning KW - National Aviation System KW - Planned development KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Technological development KW - Technology KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448753 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00779904 AU - Chandra, D C AU - Wood, Ml AU - Lincoln Laboratory AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - SAFETY ANALYSIS OF THE TRAFFIC INFORMATION SERVICE PY - 1994/11/22 SP - 54 p. AB - Traffic Information Service (TIS) is a mode S data link application being developed for use by general aviation pilots. Its purpose is to provide a low-cost means of assisting the pilot in visual acquisition of nearby aircraft. The service provides two functions: traffic altering and threat assessment. These functions are also performed by the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS). The purpose of this report is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of TIS in relation to that of TCAS. The analysis begins with a conceptual review of Andrew's statistical model of visual acquisition. Next the surveillance systems and threat detection logic of TIS and TCAS are reviewed. Results of a Monte Carlo simulation that modeled the threat-assessment performance of TCAS and TIS are also presented. The analysis supports the conclusion that, because of the high degree of similarity between TIS and TCAS, TIS is a safe and effective means of assisting the pilot in visual acquisition of air traffic. KW - Air traffic control KW - General aviation KW - Information services KW - Performance evaluations KW - Surveillance KW - Threats KW - Traffic alert and collision avoidance system KW - Visual aids UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22200/22279/PB99172926.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/509101 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00935746 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - SUMMARY PROCEEDINGS OF THE JOINT INDUSTRY-FAA CONFERENCE ON DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF PC-BASED AVIATION TRAINING DEVICES PY - 1994/11 SP - 21 p AB - This report is a summarization of the proceedings of a joint industry Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) conference on the development and use of PC-based aviation training devices (PCATDs) that was held June 16-17, 1994, in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Attendees to the conference included representatives from the PC development community, various universities conducting aviation training research, and the FAA. The primary purpose of the conference was to provide a forum of open dialog among interested PCATD parties, with the aim of finding common ground or areas of consensus, through which progress can be made in reducing or resolving any differences in viewpoint. Aside from the welcoming addresses by FAA representatives, the conference consisted of volunteered presentations by attendees, followed by open discussion of the points made by the presenter. A variety of topics were discussed and an attempt was made to let points and contentions be explored to the extent the group wished to pursue them. No attempt was made to provide a verbatim reproduction of the content of presentations and discussions. However, a concerted effort was made to capture the essence of each presenter's position, to accurately paraphrase major points, and to include brief summaries of group discussions through the insertion of editor's notes. U1 - Joint Industry-FAA Conference on Development and Use of PC-Based Aviation Training DevicesFederal Aviation AdministrationOklahoma City, Oklahoma StartDate:19940616 EndDate:19940617 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Aviation KW - Computer aided instruction KW - Conferences KW - Flight training KW - Personal computers KW - Training devices UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am94-25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/729724 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935745 AU - Holloway, F A AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma City TI - LOW-DOSE ALCOHOL EFFECTS ON HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND PERFORMANCE: A REVIEW OF POST-1984 RESEARCH PY - 1994/11 SP - 48 p. AB - The purpose of this review was to survey the literature examining alcohol effects on human behavior and performance, especially low alcohol dose effects. Other comprehensive reviews on this topic from 1975 to 1990 found that alcohol could affect all classes of performance, but that the kinds of performance most sensitive to low dose effects depended on: (a) the analysis of skills or abilities (selective attention), (b) the kind of task (divided attention tasks), (c) task characteristics (multiple tasks with high demand and/or complexity), and (d) categories of alcohol effects (negative subjective effects and controlled performance). This review examined 155 empirical studies dating from 1985 to mid-1993, using the alcohol effect schema of Kruger, and reached several general conclusions that were largely in agreement with previous reviews on this topic. First, sensitivity to the subjective intoxicating effects of alcohol was greater than that for all other performance classes and appeared to display a threshold with respect to blood alcohol concentration (BAC), rather than the linear relation evident in performance data. Second, sensitivity to performance impairment in "controlled" performance and simulator tasks was greater than that for psychophysical functions or "automatic" performance. Finally, a variety of task-, subject-, and environmental-characteristics or conditions were found to mediate the magnitude and sensitivity to alcohol effects, particularly at lower doses. This review concluded that, since alcohol sensitivity can vary from time to time, person to person and situation to situation, the setting of a "safe" BAC will always be arbitrary, being based on a low, but non-zero, incidence of effects below that level. KW - Abilities KW - Alcohol effects KW - Alcohol use KW - Attention KW - Behavior KW - Blood alcohol levels KW - Literature reviews KW - Risk assessment KW - Task analysis UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am94-24.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725477 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00719115 AU - Katz, E AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - PROTOTYPE STOP BAR SYSTEM EVALUATION AT SEATTLE-TACOMA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT PY - 1994/11 SP - 81 p. AB - An interim United States stop bar specification was developed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Technical Center. Using the guidance material contained in the interim specification, a full-scale prototype stop bar system was installed to protect runaway 16R/34L at the Seattle-Tacoma International Airport (SEA). The system consists of two stop bars which incorporate both inset and elevated red light fixtures. Associated with each stop bar are green inset lead-on lights and microwave detectors that provide for automatic switching of the stop bar/lead-on light segments. Once installed, the SEA stop bar system was operated during air traffic controller training sessions and under actual low-visibility weather conditions for evaluation and user organization familiarization. Air traffic controller and air-carrier pilot questionnaires were distributed and returned to the FAA Technical Center for analysis after completion. The questionnaires were designed to solicit information regarding the effectiveness and reliability of the stop bar system. As a result of the evaluation, the U.S. stop bar lighting configuration, as developed and described in the interim specification, was found to be satisfactory and acceptable to user pilots. KW - Air traffic control KW - Airport runways KW - Light signals KW - Lighting columns KW - Navigation lights KW - Standards KW - Stop bar systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/453886 ER - TY - SER AN - 00853298 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - GARRETT, KAY TI - SKY'S THE GOAL AT KSU'S AERO DEPARTMENT / PY - 1994/11 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Education and training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/549839 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01322396 AU - Vilcans, Janis AU - Lay, Richard J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Recommendation on Transition from Primary/Secondary Radar to Secondary-Only Radar Capability PY - 1994/10//Final Report SP - 147p AB - This recommendation has been prepared to support the FAA decision to deactivate primary Long-range radars (LRR) and presents a transition strategy and implementation plan for the transformation of the existing primary/secondary en route radar system to a beacon-only system by the year 2002. The estimated cost associated with this transition is $2.1 billion, but the cost directly related to the decision is approximately $138.6 million. Thus, the potential saving of approximately $1.4 billion associated with LRR replacement results in a benefit-to-cost ratio greater that 10. It is therefore recommended that the decision to deactivate the LRR be implemented as rapidly as possible in order to minimize costs necessary to sustain and maintain the existing system; that an orderly transition be accomplished; and that the transition to the beacon-only capability be adopted on a center-by center basis. It is also recommended that the goal of an en route beacon system, comprising stand-alone beacon radars and backed up with an automatic dependent surveillance (ADS) system be established, but achievement of this goal should not delay implementation of the deactivation decision. KW - Air traffic control KW - Air traffic control radar beacon system KW - Airport operations KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Flow control (Air traffic control) KW - NEXRAD KW - Radar KW - Radar air traffic control KW - Surveillance UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34300/34318/DOT-VNTSC-FAA-94-10.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1082796 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935744 AU - Hyland, D T AU - Kay, E J AU - Deimler, J D AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Hilton Systems, Incorporated TI - AGE 60 RULE RESEARCH, PART IV: EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF PILOT PERFORMANCE PY - 1994/10 SP - 65 p. AB - This document is one of four products completed as a part of a research contract on the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) mandatory retirement for pilots at age 60. The study examines the feasibility of developing an individually based pilot performance assessment, and designs an experimental methodology to empirically examine the relationship between pilot aging and performance. Pilot performance was measured with both domain dependent as well as domain-independent assessments to test a decrement with compensation model of expertise and aging. Computerized cognitive test batteries, COGSREEN and WOMBAT, were selected as the domain independent measures. Flitescript and whole task performance in the B727 simulator were domain dependent measures. Forty pilots, males between the ages of 41 and 71 with a minimum of 5000 hours, were recruited from air carriers and the FAA. Three simulator scenarios were designed to assess pilot performance on routine and emergency/abnormal maneuvers. Simulator performance measures were based on a deviation score and an evaluator rating. The relationships between the following measures were assessed by examination of the correlations between: 1) flying experience and simulator performance, 2) predictor test scores and simulator performance, 3) interrelationships between the predictor tests, and 4) age, flying experience, predictor test scores and simulator performance. Finally, pilot perceptions of each measure were assessed. COGSCREEN total composite scores were significantly correlated with evaluator ratings on emergency/abnormal maneuvers. Neither WOMBAT nor Flitescript were found to correlate with simulator performance. Pilot age was significantly correlated with performance on the predictor tests. A pattern of inter-correlations among pilot age, COGSCREEN and simulator performance is discussed. KW - Age KW - Aging (Biology) KW - Air pilots KW - Cognition KW - Correlation analysis KW - Crash risk forecasting KW - Deviation (Statistics) KW - Flight simulators KW - Methodology KW - Performance evaluations KW - Personnel performance KW - Pilot experience KW - Regulations KW - Retirement KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am94-23.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725476 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935743 AU - Kay, E J AU - Harris, R M AU - Voros, R S AU - Hillman, D J AU - Hyland, D T AU - Deimler, J D AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Hilton Systems, Incorporated TI - AGE 60 RULE RESEARCH, PART III: CONSOLIDATED DATABASE EXPERIMENTS FINAL REPORT PY - 1994/10 AB - This document is one of four products completed as a part of the research contract on the FAA's mandatory retirement for pilots operating under Federal Aviation Regulations Part 121, the "Age 60 Rule." The purpose of this study was to examine existing data to assess the relationship between pilot age, accident rate, and experience. Three existing databases were integrated on a single computer platform: 1) the FAA Airmen Certification file, 2) the FAA Medical History file, and 3) the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Accident database. The report presents a discussion of the methodological issues with studies in aging and reviews prior research. Limitations of utilizing these data sets are discussed. The methodological approach was developed from these considerations. Analyses from previous studies, including statistical analyses, were replicated and extended. The report describes outcomes from analyses conducted to answer a series of questions examining the relationship between age and accident rates for pilots holding Class I, Class II and Class III medical certificates. Recent and total flight time are utilized as a measure of risk exposure. The results present a converging body of evidence which fail to support a hypothesis that accident rates increase at or about the age of 60 years. KW - Age KW - Aging (Biology) KW - Air pilots KW - Aviation medicine KW - Certification KW - Crash exposure KW - Crash rates KW - Databases KW - Medical records KW - Methodology KW - Pilot experience KW - Regulations KW - Retirement KW - Risk analysis KW - Statistical analysis KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am94-22.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725767 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935741 AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Hilton Systems, Incorporated TI - AGE 60 RULE RESEARCH, PART I: BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATABASE PY - 1994/10 AB - This document is one of four products completed as a part of the Age 60 Rule research contract. As part of their research contract with the Federal Aviation Administration to study issues related to the "Age 60 Rule" for pilot mandatory retirement, Hilton Systems, Inc. in collaboration with Lehigh University faculty and research facilities, compiled this extensive bibliography. Topics included pilot aging, performance, health and physiological factors, as well as other aviation- and pilot-related topics. Citations were included from a variety of sources including international and military studies. The bibliography was organized in three sections. The first section presents a bibliographic listing on the above topics. The second section provides a listing of publications by authors active in related fields. Finally, the third section provides citations from the driving literature. KW - Age KW - Aging (Biology) KW - Air pilots KW - Bibliographies KW - Driving KW - Health KW - Hilton Systems, Incorporated KW - Lehigh University KW - Personnel performance KW - Physiological aspects KW - Regulations KW - Retirement KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM94-20.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725766 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935742 AU - Hyland, D T AU - Kay, E J AU - Deimler, J D AU - Gurman, E B AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Hilton Systems, Incorporated TI - AGE 60 RULE RESEARCH, PART II: AIRLINE PILOT AGE AND PERFORMANCE--A REVIEW OF THE SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE PY - 1994/10 SP - 136 p. AB - This review of the literature establishes the scientific foundation for subsequent studies on the Age 60 Rule research. The scientific literature relevant to the two separate scientific approaches required by the contract is reviewed. The document first provides a review of the "Age 60 Rule," as well as the theoretical and methodological considerations critical to the study of aging and the assessment of individual pilot performance. A proposed model is presented to form a framework for the research. Pilot behaviors affected by aging and/or experience are reviewed. Specific performance assessment batteries are reviewed in detail in Appendix A. Issues related to measuring complex pilot performance are discussed. Recommendations and criteria for developing a performance methodology are presented. The second part of the literature review provides a discussion of the issues related to the analyses of existing data to assess the relationship between pilot age, experience, and accident rates. This section provides a critical review of existing analyses and presents recommendations for an improved analytical methodology. KW - Age KW - Aging (Biology) KW - Air pilots KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Aviation medicine KW - Crash rates KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Literature reviews KW - Methodology KW - Performance evaluations KW - Personnel performance KW - Pilot experience KW - Recommendations KW - Regulations KW - Retirement KW - Theory KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am94-21.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725475 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00715214 AU - Baart, D AU - CHEUNG, A AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - UPDATED NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT FOR YEAR 2005 (1994) PY - 1994/10 SP - 31 p. AB - This report documents the evaluation of the National Airspace System (NAS) performance for year 2005. The NAS Performance Analysis Capability (NASCAP) Simulation Modeling System (SMS) was used to simulate the future air traffic control (ATC) system. Airport airfield and technological improvements expected to be completed by year 2005 were included in this analysis. Future air traffic demand was based on the 1993 Terminal Area Forecasts (TAF). The study results indicate that most of the delay in the system for year 2005 is caused by airfield capacity limitations. Three-fourths of the delay is related to ground operations or ground manifestation of airspace congestion. About 45 percent of the total delay is related to ground operations of ground manifestation of airspace congestion. About 45 percent of the total delay is attributed to adverse weather. Airports that have no future airfield improvements planned show the highest delay estimates. KW - Air traffic control KW - Airport capacity KW - Airspace (Aeronautics) KW - Airspace (Law) KW - Airspace congestion KW - Delays KW - Demand KW - Economic forecasting KW - Ground handling KW - National Airspace System KW - Performance evaluations KW - Traffic delays UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448777 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00715212 AU - Lofaro, R J AU - Gibb, G D AU - Garland, D J AU - Guide, P C AU - Baker, J S AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - PROTOCOL FOR SELECTING AIRLINE PASSENGER BAGGAGE SCREENERS PY - 1994/10 SP - 32 p. AB - This report is the second in a three-part series that describes a research program to improve the selection and retention of airline passenger pre-board screener personnel. This document details the methodology used to conduct a job task analysis of the X-ray position. The job task analysis was conducted to provide guidance in the selection and development of potential predictor instruments. The task analysis appears to indicate a number of cognitive and perceptual abilities that may be related to successful target detection. Specifically, perceptual abilities encompassing the constructs of flexibility of closure, speed of closure, perceptual speed, field dependence-independence, and pattern recognition may contribute to the acquisition of relevant information while scanning X-ray images. Higher level cognitive processes involved in decision making and attentional resources encompassed by the construct of vigilance appear to be required for successful screener performance as well. These psychological qualities are important for the role they play in analyzing and attending to the relevant input. Together with the assessment of appropriate personality traits, the incorporation of perceptual and cognitive assessment instruments has the potential to establish a useful personnel selection system. KW - Aircraft operations KW - Airline operations KW - Airlines KW - Baggage KW - Baggage handling KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Passenger operations KW - Passenger security KW - Passengers KW - Psychological aspects KW - Screenings KW - Selection and appointment KW - Training KW - Transportation operations KW - X ray analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448775 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935740 AU - Gowdy, V AU - DeWeese, R AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - THE PERFORMANCE OF CHILD RESTRAINT DEVICES IN TRANSPORT AIRPLANE PASSENGER SEATS PY - 1994/09 SP - 29 p. AB - The performance of child restraint devices (CRDs) in commercial transport airplane passenger seats was evaluated by a dynamic impact test program. Background information on the policies and regulations related to child restraints is summarized. Six types of CRDs certified for use in airplanes were tested. Booster seats, forward facing carriers, aft facing carriers, a harness device, a belly belt, and passenger seat lap belts were evaluated. Impact tests were conducted with CRDs installed on airplane passenger seats. The test severity was 16 Gpk with an impact velocity of 44 ft/sec. Effects of multiple row seats, aft row occupant impact loads, and seat back breakover were part of the project protocol. Four child-size anthropomorphic test dummies (ATDs) were utilized. The 6-month and 36-month size ATDs defined in 49 CFR Part 572, the 6-month size CRABI ATD, and a 24-month size experimental ATD identified as CAMIX were used in these tests. An experimental device to measure abdominal pressure was evaluated in the CRABI and CAMIX ATDs. Analyses of the data acquired from the tests and observations related to the performance of the CRDs in airplane seats are presented. KW - Abdomen KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Aviation safety KW - Child restraint systems KW - Children KW - Civil aircraft KW - Dummies KW - Dynamic tests KW - Impact tests KW - Infants KW - Seat belts KW - Seats KW - Shoulder harnesses KW - Transport aircraft UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM94-19.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725474 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935739 AU - Endecott, B R AU - Sanders, D C AU - Chaturvedi, A K AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - SIMULTANEOUS GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF FOUR TOXIC GASES GENERALLY PRESENT IN COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERES PY - 1994/09 SP - 9 p. AB - Measurement of combustion gases produced by burning aircraft cabin materials poses a continuing limitation for smoke toxicity research. Since toxic effects of gases depend on both their concentrations and duration of exposures, frequent atmosphere sampling is necessary to define the concentration time curve. A gas chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous analyses of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and hydrogen cyanide (HCN). The method utilized a dual-column gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with 4-m molecular sieve-5A and 8-m PoraPlot-U capillary columns and two low volume, high-sensitivity thermal conductivity detectors. Detectability (ppm)/retention times (seconds) for the gases were: CO (100/28); H2S (50/26); SO2(125/76); HCN (60/108). The method was effective for determining these gases in mixtures and in the combustion atmospheres generated by burning wool (CO, HCN, and H2S) and modacrylic (CO and HCN) fabrics. Common atmospheric gaseous or combustion products (oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor, and other volatiles) did not interfere with the analyses. However, filtration of the combustion atmospheres was necessary to prevent restriction of the GC sampling inlet by smoke particulates. The speed, sensitivity, and selectivity of this method make it suitable for smoke toxicity research and for evaluating performance of passenger protective breathing equipment. KW - Aircraft cabins KW - Breathing apparatus KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Combustion KW - Cyanides KW - Filtration KW - Gas chromatography KW - Hydrogen sulfide KW - Particulates KW - Poisonous gases KW - Smoke KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Test procedures KW - Textile fabrics KW - Toxicity UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM94-18.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725473 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00850699 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - DUNCAN, PHYLLIS ANNE TI - THE RENAISSANCE OF GENERAL AVIATION / PY - 1994/09 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Conferences KW - General aviation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/552361 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00850698 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - MONROE, WILLIAM TI - THERE IS NO AIRPLANE FAIRY / PY - 1994/09 AB - No abstract provided. KW - General aviation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/552360 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00850700 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Orasanu, Judith TI - EXPERT DECISION MAKING ON THE FLIGHT DECK / PY - 1994/09 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aircraft pilotage KW - Cockpit resource management KW - Navigation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/552362 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935736 AU - Canfield, D V AU - Flemig, J AU - Hordinsky, J AU - Veronneau, S AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - UNREPORTED MEDICATIONS USED IN INCAPACITATING MEDICAL CONDITIONS FOUND IN FATAL CIVIL AVIATION ACCIDENTS PY - 1994/08 SP - 5 p. AB - A major concern in aviation medicine is sudden incapacitation of the pilot resulting in a fatal accident. All pilots are required by Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Office of Aviation Medicine (OAM) to receive a medical examination before they are medically certified,. The pilots must complete a medical certification form listing all of their medical conditions and medications. This paper reports on aviation accident cases where drugs used in the treatment of incapacitating illnesses were found, along with the frequency with which these drugs and illnesses had been reported on the pilots' medical examinations. Specimens were collected near the accident and inventoried and accessioned for the analysis of drugs and other substances. From this data, the authors identified those cardiovascular, neurological, and psychiatric drugs most likely to be associated with the treatment of potentially incapacitating illness. A full review of the complete accident file was conducted in several of the cases reported in this research. Specimens from 2192 pilots were received for postmortem toxicology analysis between 1987 to 1992. Drugs used in the treatment of potentially incapacitating medical conditions were found in 48 of these cases. Drugs used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases were found in 13 cases. Neurological medications were found in 7 of the cases. Medications used in the treatment of psychiatric conditions were found in 28 of the cases. Most of the pilots did not report these drugs and medical conditions to their aviation medical examiner and the FAA. In most of the cases reported, the drugs or illnesses found would have caused OAM to reject certification of the pilot. KW - Air pilots KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Aviation medicine KW - Cardiovascular diseases KW - Certification KW - Civil aviation KW - Crash data KW - Crash investigation KW - Diseases and medical conditions KW - Fatalities KW - Forensic medicine KW - Medical examinations and tests KW - Medication KW - Neurology KW - Psychiatry KW - Specimens KW - Toxicology KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am94-14.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725470 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935737 AU - Nakagawara, V B AU - Montgomery, R W AU - Wood, K J AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - THE APPLICABILITY OF COMMERCIAL GLARE TEST DEVICES IN THE AEROMEDICAL CERTIFICATION OF PILOT APPLICANTS PY - 1994/08 SP - 17 p. AB - Glare sensitivity is a normal age-related physiological change depriving the human visual system of vital information. An instrument that can effectively detect and measure visual performance loss from glare in a clinical environment would be a valuable tool for an aviation medical examiner evaluating pilot applicants. This study evaluated several commercially available glare tests using factors of measured visual performance loss and relevant clinical features. Sixteen subjects with normal ocular health were tested with a Brightness Acuity Tester (BAT), Penlight Test, MCT 8000, and a Miller Nadler Glare Tester to determine each instrument's ability to detect visual acuity changes under simulated glare conditions. In addition, individual glare testers were subjectively rated by examining personnel as to clinical features important for use in an aeromedical screening, such as cost, training and space requirements, ease of operation and scoring. Results suggest that the BAT presented preferred test sensitivity and clinical features for use in screening glare disability. The other procedures either demonstrated an inability to detect visual acuity changes under simulated glare conditions or exhibited undesirable clinical features for use in aeromedical glare screening. These data may be used in evaluating future glare testers. Guidelines are provided for incorporating glare testing into the aeromedical certification process. Additional research is planned to identify specific glare problems in the aviation environment. KW - Air pilots KW - Aviation medicine KW - Certification KW - Costs KW - Glare KW - Human subject testing KW - Medical examinations and tests KW - Testing equipment KW - Training KW - Vision disorders KW - Vision tests UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am94-15.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725471 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935738 AU - White, V L AU - Canfield, D V AU - Hordinsky, J R AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ELIMINATION OF QUININE IN TWO SUBJECTS AFTER INGESTION OF TONIC WATER: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY PY - 1994/08 SP - 7 p. AB - Biological specimens from eight fatal aviation accidents out of 775 cases analyzed in 1991 and 1992 were found to contain quinine. In one case, the investigators sought to identify the source of quinine found in the pilot. It was suggested that the quinine might have come from the consumption of tonic water. Since no recent use of quinine or tonic water could be found, the investigators asked how long quinine could be detected in a urine specimen. A limited research project was undertaken to provide a preliminary range of the approximate length of time quinine could be detected in urine and blood. Each of 2 male subjects was given a 20 oz bottle of tonic water, which contained 35 mg of quinine. Quinine was detected using standard laboratory thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography methods. Quinine has such diverse applications as a treatment for muscle cramps and malaria, in addition to being an additive in tonic water. Since adverse effects have been identified at plasma concentrations between 10-15 ug/mL, no performance effects would be expected from the maximum concentrations of quinine found (0.291 ug/mL) in this study after the ingestion of one 20 oz bottle of tonic water. However, based on this study, the possibility of prolonged detection (over 8 days) of quinine should (a) serve as a warning against using this as a sign of recent use of quinine directly or in association with alcohol, and (b) alert the investigators to inquire about disorders or conditions that might impair performance, but for which quinine treatment was terminated days before the accident. KW - Air pilots KW - Blood analysis KW - Chromatography KW - Crash investigation KW - Human subject testing KW - Quinine KW - Tonic water KW - Urinalysis UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am94-16.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725472 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00740402 AU - Kaempf, G AU - Klinger, D AU - WOLF, S AU - Lofaro, R J AU - Klein Associates, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF DECISION-CENTERED INTERVENTIONS FOR AIRPORT SECURITY CHECKPOINTS PY - 1994/08 SP - 49 p. AB - This report presents the findings of a research project to identify the cognitive task requirements of baggage screeners and to develop interventions to enhance job performance. To accomplish this a Cognitive Systems Engineering (CSE) approach was used. CSE provides a framework for designers to create training systems, decision support systems, and human computer interfaces in which human thought processes are treated explicitly and become an integral part of the final product. The CSE approach produced informative descriptive models of how screeners evaluate the contents of carryon baggage. These models are informative about the judgements that screeners make, the cues that they need to make those judgements, the cognitive processes they invoke to make the judgements, and about the differences between those screeners with little experience and those with much more experience. From those models concepts were developed for several interventions which are designated to develop and enhance screener skills during initial training, recurrent training, and as screeners work on the floor. KW - Airport security KW - Airports KW - Baggage KW - Baggage handling KW - Decision making KW - Human factors KW - Security KW - Training programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/573404 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00680354 AU - Smith, R D AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FAA VERTICAL FLIGHT BIBLIOGRAPHY, 1962-1994 PY - 1994/08 SP - 289 p. AB - This bibliography has been assembled as an aid to those who are interested in research, engineering, and development of vertical flight aircraft including helicopters, tiltrotor, and tiltwing vehicles. The intended audience includes people within the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), in industry, and in state and local governments. Reports included in this bibliography are FAA documents specifically related, in whole or in part, to vertical flight aircraft. The majority of the documents have been sponsored or authored by the research, engineering, and development elements of the FAA. KW - Aerodynamics KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft design KW - Bibliographies KW - Helicopters KW - Heliports KW - Rotor blades KW - Rotors KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/422061 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00677982 AU - Katz, E S AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF AN UNLIGHTED SWINGING AIRPORT SIGN PY - 1994/08 SP - 13 p. AB - An unlighted swinging airport sign was evaluated at the Federal Aviation Administration Technical Center. The purpose of the evaluation was to determine the readability of the sign under varying wind and jet blast conditions. Results indicate that the sign is readable under all of the test conditions except when subjected to wind speeds of approximately 35 to 40 knots with gusts produced by the additive effect of the ambient winds and the jet blast. Even under this condition, readability of the sign remained adequate except at the most extreme angular displacement. KW - Airports KW - Deflection KW - Legibility KW - Lighting KW - Signs KW - Visibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/421812 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00680378 AU - Nye, L G AU - Schroeder, D J AU - Dollar, C S AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - RELATIONSHIPS OF TYPE A BEHAVIOR WITH BIOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND TRAINING PERFORMANCE OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS PY - 1994/07 SP - 14 p. AB - While there has been a considerable amount of research concerning the relationships between various cognitive measures and the selection and subsequent performance of Air Traffic Control Specialists (ATCSs), data concerning the potential importance of personality factors are quite limited. A considerable body of research surrounds the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) as a measure of Type A behavior, coronary proneness, and other health problems. More recently, a revised JAS scoring procedure has been developed for Achievement Striving and Impatience-Irritability scales; those scales have been significantly and differentially related to job performance, academic achievement, job satisfaction, and negative effect. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Behavior KW - Behavioral research KW - Personality KW - Personnel KW - Psychology KW - Research KW - Training KW - Training devices UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM94-13.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/422085 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00848630 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - PHILLIPS, WAYNE TI - FLYING JOBS AHEAD? / PY - 1994/07 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airline pilots UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/551155 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00848631 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - DUNCAN, PHYLLIS ANNE TI - A BRIGHTER FUTURE FOR GENERAL AVIATION / PY - 1994/07 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Conferences KW - General aviation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/551156 ER - TY - SER AN - 00850580 JO - FLIGHT SAFETY FOUNDATION NEWS PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - YEFIMOV, VITALI BORISOVICH TI - AVIATION BECOMES ONE OF RUSSIA'S MOST CHALLENGING "EXPERIMENTS" / PY - 1994/05 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Russia (Federation) KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/549384 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00674048 AU - Marcus, J H AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - REVIEW OF COMPUTER EVACUATION MODELS AND THEIR DATA NEEDS PY - 1994/05 SP - 14 p. AB - This document reviews the history and current status of computer models of the evacuation of an airliner cabin. Basic concepts upon which evacuation models are based are discussed, followed by a review of the Civil Aeromedical Institute's efforts during the 1970s. A comparison is made of the three models available today (GA Model, AIREVAC, and EXODUS). The report then reviews parameters common to all models, and discusses literature available as a basis for these parameters. Finally, the report briefly discusses validation exercises for evacuation models. KW - Aircraft cabins KW - Aircraft safety KW - Aviation safety KW - Computer models KW - Evacuation UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am94-11.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411765 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00648133 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Aceti, R A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - BUSINESS AVIATION. DISCUSSION PANEL REPORT PY - 1994/05 IS - 425 SP - p. 59-61 AB - The panel on business aviation discussed a wide range of issues affecting the growth in demand for business aircraft and utilization of the existing fleet. Particular attention was paid to shifts in attitudes and priorities among corporations as they "reengineer" themselves to be more competitive. This panel report provides a brief history of business aviation and discusses the new efforts being made to increase utilization of business aircraft by lowering costs. U1 - Future Aviation Activities. Eighth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19930913 EndDate:19930915 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Attitudes KW - Business aircraft KW - Business aviation KW - Corporations KW - Cost control KW - Cost reduction KW - Demand KW - History KW - Strategic planning KW - Utilization KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/390705 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00648135 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Swanda, R L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LIGHT GENERAL AVIATION. DISCUSSION PANEL REPORT PY - 1994/05 IS - 425 SP - p. 64-73 AB - The panel on light general aviation developed a consensus forecast for the light general aviation fleet and the pilot population over the period 1994-1999. This panel report elaborates on the following: pilot perceptions of the future of general aviation; the future supply and demand for pilots and aviation maintenance technicians; the flight training market; fixed base operators; the Federal Aviation Administration's plans to stimulate light general aviation; and using econometric models to estimate general aviation relationships. U1 - Future Aviation Activities. Eighth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19930913 EndDate:19930915 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Air pilots KW - Airline pilots KW - Demand KW - Econometric models KW - Fixed base operations KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet size KW - Flight training KW - Forecasting KW - General aviation KW - Light general aviation KW - Maintenance personnel KW - Marketing KW - Small aircraft KW - Supply KW - Supply and demand KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/390707 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00648129 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Veldman, B M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INTERNATIONAL AVIATION. DISCUSSION PANEL REPORT PY - 1994/05 IS - 425 SP - p. 43-45 AB - The panel on international aviation focused on three topics: multinational airlines, open skies agreements between Europe and North America, and intra-European liberalization. The panel did not attempt to forecast trends in numerical terms. There was general acceptance that the market conditions are so uncertain that quantitative forecasting is very difficult. Instead, the panel focused qualitatively on external forces that will heavily influence the long-term outcome in international air transportation markets. In this context the panel also covered major areas of government regulation affecting international aviation. There was general agreement that more and more government policies and regulations will come to be driven by market forces, that policy will be made as a tactical reaction to events and crises rather than as a result of strategic planning. This panel report elaborates on the following with regard to international aviation: general market developments; open skies; multinational airlines; and intra-European liberalization. U1 - Future Aviation Activities. Eighth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19930913 EndDate:19930915 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Airlines KW - Aviation KW - Demand KW - Europe KW - External forces KW - Government policies KW - Government regulations KW - International KW - International aviation KW - International compacts KW - Liberalization KW - Market development KW - Market forces KW - Markets KW - Multinational airlines KW - Multinational corporations KW - North America KW - Open skies KW - Policy KW - Qualitative analysis KW - Regulations KW - Supply KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/390701 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00648131 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Thomas, V F AU - Transportation Research Board TI - AIRCRAFT AND ENGINE MANUFACTURERS. DISCUSSION PANEL REPORT PY - 1994/05 IS - 425 SP - p. 50-54 AB - The panel on aircraft and engine manufacturers examined the quantitative and qualitative issues confronting manufacturers of aircraft and engines, and brought together the issues for which they had no definitive answers, but which most panel members felt will be of special significance in shaping the landscape of the industry in the years to come. This panel report elaborates on these issues which are as follows: quantitative issues - traffic demand and growth, unit deliveries, aircraft retirements, and fleet growth and mix; short-term (1993-1997) qualitative issues - order cancellations/delivery deferrals, availability and/or affordability of capital, yield management/pricing policies, noise legislation, hub-and-spoke vs. point-to-point operations, re-engining/hush kitting, European liberalization of airlines, and wider introduction of western aircraft into CIS; long-term (1998-2007) qualitative issues - congestion as a growth constraint, noise legislation, globalization of airlines, availability and/or affordability of capital, aging/high-cycle aircraft concerns, oil/fuel price trend, wider introduction of western aircraft into CIS, and hub-and-spoke vs. point-to-point operations; and issues with no definitive answers - the composition of demand, retirement realities, noise and emissions, aircraft size (bigger or smaller), productivity, industry financial constraints, the current overcapacity situation, video-conferencing technology, and technology vs. return on investment. U1 - Future Aviation Activities. Eighth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19930913 EndDate:19930915 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Aging aircraft KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft by size KW - Aircraft deliveries KW - Aircraft industry KW - Aircraft manufacturers KW - Aircraft retirements KW - Aircraft size KW - Engine manufacturers KW - Engines KW - Equipment replacement KW - Financial analysis KW - Financial constraints KW - Fleet growth KW - Fleet mix KW - Fuel prices KW - Fuels KW - Globalization KW - Hub and spoke systems KW - Industries KW - International KW - Liberalization KW - Long term KW - Noise KW - Overcapacity KW - Pollutants KW - Prices KW - Productivity KW - Return on investment KW - Short term KW - Technological innovations KW - Time duration KW - Traffic congestion KW - Travel demand KW - Videoconferencing KW - Workshops UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/trcircular/425/425-008.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/390703 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00648125 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Arvai, E S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND BUSINESS TRAVEL: THE REVOLUTION HAS BEGUN PY - 1994/05 IS - 425 SP - p. 28-31 AB - This workshop presentation discusses the impact of telecommunications on the airline industry. It is estimated that the impact of desktop videoconferencing substitution for air travel will be substantial. The underlying factors bringing about this change are examined and its implications for the airline and aircraft industries, as well as suppliers to these industries, are discussed. U1 - Future Aviation Activities. Eighth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19930913 EndDate:19930915 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Aircraft industry KW - Airlines KW - Desktop videoconferencing KW - Forecasting KW - Impact studies KW - Telecommunications KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/390697 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00648136 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Strong, J S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - COMMERCIAL AVIATION IN THE CIS, 1992-1993. APPENDIX A OF TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH CIRCULAR 425 PY - 1994/05 IS - 425 SP - p. 74-75 AB - This report provides a summary of commercial aviation in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) since the dissolution of the USSR. The conclusion is that the restructuring associated with the transition to a market economy has produced a 20-year recovery period. Subjects discussed are the fragmenting of Aeroflot, air traffic control, and the organization of civil aviation activities. U1 - Future Aviation Activities. Eighth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19930913 EndDate:19930915 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Administration KW - Aeroflot (Airline) KW - Air traffic control KW - Civil aviation KW - Commonwealth of Independent States KW - Former Soviet Union KW - Recovery KW - Restructuring KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/390708 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00648122 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FUTURE AVIATION ACTIVITIES. EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP, WASHINGTON, D.C., SEPTEMBER 13-15, 1993 PY - 1994/05 IS - 425 SP - 99 p. AB - The purpose of the workshop was to assist public and private-sector managers and decision makers in forecasting the long-term evolution of commercial, business, and personal air transport. The topics discussed included the macroeconomic outlook, the structure and operating patterns of major and regional U.S. air carriers, developments in international aviation, aircraft technology, aviation infrastructure, trends in business aviation, the civil use of helicopters and other vertical-lift vehicles, and the future of personally owned and operated light aircraft. The program was divided into three parts: an opening plenary session consisting of presentations by distinguished speakers on the broad outlook, eight concurrent discussion panels on sectoral interests and trends, and a concluding plenary session where panel leaders summarized the findings and conclusions of their group discussions. The presentations, discussion panel reports, and the reports in Appendices A through D are entered separately in the TRIS data base. U1 - Future Aviation Activities. Eighth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19930913 EndDate:19930915 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Air transportation KW - Aircraft KW - Airlines KW - Aviation KW - Business aviation KW - Civil aviation KW - Helicopter transportation KW - Infrastructure KW - International KW - International aviation KW - Macroeconomics KW - Personal air transport KW - Private aircraft KW - Small aircraft KW - Technology KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - United States KW - VTOL aircraft KW - Workshops UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/trcircular/425/425.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/390694 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00648139 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Wolf, M D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PISTON AVIATION ENGINES: A MANUFACTURER'S PERSPECTIVE. APPENDIX D OF TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH CIRCULAR 425 PY - 1994/05 IS - 425 SP - p. 87 AB - This report discusses the state of the piston aviation engine industry. With only about 1,500 new, certified aircraft being produced per year, the survival of the engine business is only due to the support of the fleet of aircraft. The spare parts and rebuilt engine business now accounts for over 75% of the revenues of the engine manufacturers. Cost control is seen as one of the best methods of surviving. U1 - Future Aviation Activities. Eighth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19930913 EndDate:19930915 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Cost control KW - Engine manufacturers KW - Engines KW - Industries KW - Industry survival KW - Piston engines KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/390711 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00648123 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - DeVol, R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ECONOMIC FORECAST PY - 1994/05 IS - 425 SP - p. 11-23 AB - The topic of this workshop presentation is the short-term and long-term U.S. economic forecast. The short-term outlook covers the following: recent developments; factors weakening growth (defense spending, tax increases, exports, rest-of-world growth, imports, commercial construction, and health care reform); factors fostering growth (low interest rates, consumption, and employment); revisions to history: 1992 stronger, 1993 about the same; and forecast highlights (real GDP, consumer activity, housing, investment, international trade, labor, inflation, and interest rates). The long-term outlook covers (1) forecast assumptions (population and demographics, productivity and aggregate supply, government policy, monetary and financial, oil prices, foreign assumptions, and the dollar); and (2) forecast highlights (real GDP, employment, inflation, consumption, business fixed investment, and international trade). U1 - Future Aviation Activities. Eighth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19930913 EndDate:19930915 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Economic forecasting KW - Economic growth KW - Long term KW - Short term KW - Time duration KW - United States KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/390695 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00648137 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Oster, C V AU - Transportation Research Board TI - AIRLINE INDUSTRY OUTLOOK AND INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS. APPENDIX B OF TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH CIRCULAR 425 PY - 1994/05 IS - 425 SP - p. 76-81 AB - This report examines the airline industry's growth rate in both passenger and freight traffic. Both domestic and international traffic are considered, and the time span is 1960-1990. Forecasts made for the period 1990-2001 are then examined. These forecasts are based on the experiences of the past three decades, which assume that airport and air traffic control capacity are not a constraint to growth at the regional level. Reasons why this may not be a good assumption and why capacity shortages could begin to constrain growth in the coming decade are then discussed. These are (1) the interaction between capacity constraints and competition policy and (2) the changing nature of environmental impacts on aviation. An additional reason is the emerging fundamental change in the airline industry's underlying economics. The report is summed up as follows: The airline industry faces the coming decade with the expectation of continued strong growth, but growth at a slower rate than in the past. To realize that growth, the industry will have to overcome potential infrastructure constraints where the consensus to add capacity may be increasingly difficult to achieve, to face a full range of environmental problems, and to adapt to a new underlying economic environment where strong productivity growth from technological progress can no longer be counted on to lower the cost of air travel. U1 - Future Aviation Activities. Eighth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19930913 EndDate:19930915 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Air cargo KW - Air traffic KW - Air traffic capacity KW - Air travel KW - Airlines KW - Airport capacity KW - Competition KW - Constraints KW - Costs KW - Domestic KW - Domestic traffic KW - Economic growth KW - Economics KW - Environmental impacts KW - Forecasting KW - Growth rate KW - History KW - Infrastructure KW - International trade KW - Passenger traffic KW - Policy KW - Shortages KW - Traffic KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/390709 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00648138 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Gillen, D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE MARKET AND AVIATION INFRASTRUCTURE: PRICING, PRODUCTIVITY AND PRIVATIZATION. APPENDIX C OF TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH CIRCULAR 425 PY - 1994/05 IS - 425 SP - p. 82-86 AB - The Airport Capacity Enhancement Plan (1989) forecasted that delays in the U.S. will continue to grow. This document and many others which speak to the growing congestion in the U.S. aviation system note that these delays are what can be expected "if no increases in capacity are carried out". Those concerned with delay are not the only ones calling for investment in capacity. Those advocating public physical infrastructure spending also argue for investment but for somewhat different reasons: to revitalize America and increase the Nation's productivity and competitiveness. These groups are joined by governors' task forces and joint economic committees, all calling for public spending on transportation, including aviation, infrastructure. Making airports and the aviation system bigger, however, is not necessarily the route to take. The Nation's aviation system will not and should not be immune to the rethinking and structural changes that are taking place in the private sector and beginning to filter into the public sector. The catch phrase, "getting more out of less", from corporate America means: demand management must be used to improve the efficiency (productivity) of the system; any investment in capacity must involve "smart" capacity; and the institutional structure must create the right incentives for long-term decisions. Also, public spending on aviation infrastructure does not guarantee a solution to recession or improved productivity. These points are discussed further in this report. U1 - Future Aviation Activities. Eighth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19930913 EndDate:19930915 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Airport capacity KW - Aviation KW - Demand KW - Infrastructure KW - Investments KW - Pricing KW - Privatization KW - Productivity KW - Recession KW - Technological innovations KW - Travel demand management KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/390710 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00648127 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Liu, Dan AU - Mudge, R R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - AIRLINE CONSOLIDATION: CONSUMER WELFARE AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS PY - 1994/05 IS - 425 SP - p. 35-37 AB - This workshop presentation uses an economic model of airline concentration, developed by Bailey and Liu, to describe the airline industry's equilibrium states and the corresponding welfare implications. It then examines the implications of this analysis for future public policy. U1 - Future Aviation Activities. Eighth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19930913 EndDate:19930915 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Airlines KW - Concentration (Airline industry) KW - Economic models KW - Equilibrium (Mechanics) KW - Market share KW - Public policy KW - Welfare KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/390699 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00648134 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lawrence, D S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - VERTICAL FLIGHT. DISCUSSION PANEL REPORT PY - 1994/05 IS - 425 SP - p. 62-63 AB - The panel on vertical flight made a nonnormative projection and assessment of conditions during the next 10 years that might determine the strength of current and new markets for rotorcraft and would influence their supply and demand. This panel report elaborates on the findings concerning the growth of fleet size and activity and makes observations on the following: private heliports, offshore service, oversupply of rotorcraft, fleet revitalization, intercity commuter service, competition from other transport modes (including teleconferencing), alternative sources of rotorcraft, and helicopter regulations. U1 - Future Aviation Activities. Eighth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19930913 EndDate:19930915 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Commuter service KW - Competition KW - Demand KW - Forecasting KW - Helicopter transportation KW - Imports KW - Intercity travel KW - Markets KW - Offshore service KW - Private heliports KW - Redevelopment KW - Regulations KW - Revitalization KW - Supply KW - Supply and demand KW - VTOL aircraft KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/390706 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00648128 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Schwieterman, J P AU - Diamond, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DOMESTIC U.S. AIRLINES. DISCUSSION PANEL REPORT PY - 1994/05 IS - 425 SP - p. 38-42 AB - The panel on domestic U.S. airlines concluded that the U.S. airline industry will continue to follow the evolutionary pattern established during the 1980s, will experience modest increases in concentration as one or more struggling carriers retrench or liquidate, and, stimulated by declining average fares, will enjoy steady growth of pleasure travel but disappointing demand for business travel. The panel also found that major carriers will be compelled to develop cautious expansion strategies and to emphasize new risk-sharing financial arrangements, such as employee ownership and equity sharing with suppliers. This panel report elaborates on the panel findings concerning financing issues, recommendations of the National Commission to Ensure a Strong, Competitive Airline Industry, structural changes in the airline industry, capacity and pricing changes, and the maturing of the industry. U1 - Future Aviation Activities. Eighth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19930913 EndDate:19930915 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Air travel KW - Airlines KW - Capacity (Airline industry) KW - Concentration (Airline industry) KW - Economic growth KW - Expansion (Airline industry) KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Industry structure KW - Market share KW - Pricing KW - Risk management KW - Risk sharing KW - Travel demand KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/390700 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00648130 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Horner, S M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - REGIONAL AVIATION. DISCUSSION PANEL REPORT PY - 1994/05 IS - 425 SP - p. 46-49 AB - The panel on regional aviation attempted to determine the long-term issues confronting regional aviation over the next 10 to 12 years. Regional airlines have been one of the fastest growing and most profitable segments of the air transportation system for several years. However, their fate and success continue to be inextricably tied to that of their marketing partners (almost always major airlines). This panel report elaborates on the following with regard to regional aviation: general economic environment; major airline operating philosophy justifying their continued presence in markets that could be better and more economically served by regional airlines; the evolution of regional airlines; globalization; and consolidation. U1 - Future Aviation Activities. Eighth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19930913 EndDate:19930915 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Airlines KW - Aviation KW - Concentration (Airline industry) KW - Economics KW - Evolution KW - Globalization KW - International KW - Market share KW - Markets KW - Regional aviation KW - Regional transportation KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/390702 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00648132 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Golaszewski, R S AU - McCoomb, L A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - AVIATION INFRASTRUCTURE. DISCUSSION PANEL REPORT PY - 1994/05 IS - 425 SP - p. 55-58 AB - The panel on aviation infrastructure addressed the question of whether the availability and/or costs of infrastructure would be a limiting factor in achieving aviation activity forecasts over the next twelve years. The scope of the panel included both airport and air traffic control (ATC) infrastructure issues. On the whole, the panel concluded that the availability of infrastructure will not likely constrain aviation activity or aviation system growth. This panel report elaborates on the panel findings in the following areas: institutional reform; activity measures (data needs); ATC technology; constraints to growth; and airport infrastructure to accommodate new large aircraft and intelligent vehicle highway system technology. U1 - Future Aviation Activities. Eighth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19930913 EndDate:19930915 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Air traffic control KW - Air traffic control technology KW - Airports KW - Aviation KW - Constraints KW - Data needs KW - Information organization KW - Infrastructure KW - Institutional reform KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Large aircraft KW - Socioeconomic development KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/390704 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00648124 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Gifford, J L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - AVIATION INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEMAND AS COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS PY - 1994/05 IS - 425 SP - p. 23-28 AB - This workshop presentation addresses the following questions: Has the air transportation market reached saturation, or does it still have a way to go? What are the implications of the status of this market for the planning and design of air transportation infrastructure? U1 - Future Aviation Activities. Eighth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19930913 EndDate:19930915 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Air transportation KW - Design KW - Infrastructure KW - Markets KW - Planning KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/390696 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00648126 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Raphael, D E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - GLOBAL AVIATION ALLIANCES PY - 1994/05 IS - 425 SP - p. 32-35 AB - This workshop presentation discusses the three driving forces behind aviation alliances, which are privatization, globalization, and concentration, and the three phases in the formation of aviation alliances, which are the pre-deal agreement, management of the alliance, and the growth of an alliance. Six key premises that are important in forming future alliances are presented, followed by a list of the pitfalls to be avoided. U1 - Future Aviation Activities. Eighth International WorkshopFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. StartDate:19930913 EndDate:19930915 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration KW - Airlines KW - Concentration (Airline industry) KW - Globalization KW - International KW - Market share KW - Privatization KW - Strategic alliances KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/390698 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935732 AU - Rasmussen, P G AU - Revzin, A M AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - SCANNING AND MONITORING PERFORMANCE: EFFECTS OF THE REINFORCEMENT VALUES OF THE EVENTS BEING MONITORED PY - 1994/04 SP - 7 p. AB - The authors formulated a hypothesis suggesting that operators could make scanning and monitoring errors if they tended to concentrate on a "high-value" display sub-area while ignoring "low-value" problems elsewhere on the display. Such data would have application to air traffic control specialist jobs. The hypothesis is tested in an experiment rewarding good performance in a laboratory task. Subjects monitored two visual display work areas with defined task difficulty. In the high-value work area, each error cost the subjects four or ten times as much as in the low-value work area. The data obtained suggest that differing task error penalties, or reinforcement values, can induce a greater than usual frequency of errors in some subjects. Rewarding good performance in two work area tests without differing error penalties did not induce significant error rate differences, nor did such rewards significantly affect total task performance levels. This was true even in tests where such differential attention could benefit the subject's overall performance score, thereby increasing subject's performance bonus. However, about 15% of the subjects showed a marked tendency to concentrate their attention on a display sub-area having high value events while periodically ignoring events elsewhere on the display. Such information may be useful in reducing the frequency of scanning errors by revising training protocols or personnel selection criteria. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Attention KW - Human error KW - Human subject testing KW - Hypothesis testing KW - Monitoring KW - Personnel motivation KW - Personnel performance UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM94-08.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725467 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935733 AU - Broach, D AU - Manning, C A AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - VALIDITY OF THE AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SPECIALIST NONRADAR SCREEN AS A PREDICTOR OF PERFORMANCE IN RADAR-BASED ATC TRAINING PY - 1994/04 SP - 10 p. AB - Between January 1986 and March 1992, the Federal Aviation Administration's 42-day Nonradar Screen was used to identify air traffic control specialist (ATCS) candidates with the highest potential to succeed in the rigorous ATCS field training program. The central question addressed in this study was whether or not the Nonradar Screen was a valid employee selection procedure in view of the prevalence of radar in today's air traffic control system. To answer that question, the authors investigated the Nonradar Screen's criterion-related validity as a predictor of subsequent performance in radar-based air traffic control training. It was hypothesized that the Nonradar Screen would add incremental validity over aptitude test scores in predicting performance in radar-based air traffic control (ATC) training conducted at the FAA Academy 1 to 2 years after entry into the occupation. Student aptitude test scores and Nonradar Screen final composite scores were regressed on final composite scores earned in radar based ATC training. Results showed that Nonradar Screen composite scores had incremental validity over the written ATCS aptitude test for predicting radar based training scores in both en route and terminal radar training without correcting for range restriction due to explicit selection on the Nonradar Screen final composite score. After corrections for restriction in range, Nonradar Screen scores accounted for an additional 20% of variance in en route and an additional 16% of variance in terminal radar training scores. These results indicated the Nonradar Screen was a valid predictor of performance in radar based ATC training. Similarities in nonradar and radar procedures and techniques are offered as possible explanations for the finding of criterion related validity for the ATCS Nonradar Screen. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Aptitude tests KW - Enroute traffic control KW - Personnel performance KW - Radar air traffic control KW - Regression analysis KW - Selection and appointment KW - Terminal air traffic control KW - Test procedures KW - Training KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - Validity UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am94-09.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725468 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935731 AU - Sanders, D C AU - Chaturvedi, A K AU - Endecott, B R AU - Ritter, R M AU - Vu, N AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - TOXICITY OF CARBON MONOXIDE-HYDROGEN CYANIDE GAS MIXTURES: EXPOSURE CONCENTRATION, TIME-TO-INCAPACITATION, CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN, AND BLOOD CYANIDE PARAMETERS PY - 1994/04 SP - 11 p. AB - During aircraft interior fires, carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) are produced in sufficient amounts to cause incapacitation and death. Time-to-incapacitation (ti) is a practical parameter for estimating escape time in fire environments. Exposures to CO-HCN mixtures have demonstrated that these gases have additive effects (producing shorter times to incapacitation), but the resulting concentrations of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and blood cyanide (CN-) at incapacitation are not well defined. These undefined relationships between COHb and blood CN- levels and the onset of incapacitation make the interpretation of postmortem levels difficult for medical accident investigators. To explore these relationships, ti was determined in laboratory rats exposed to 2 CO-HCN mixtures consisting of CO and HCN concentrations that produce 5- and 35-min ti in individual gas exposures; COHb and blood CN- concentrations were determined at incapacitation. In the high concentration CO HCN mixture, the resultant ti was shortened from 5 min to 2.6 min; COHb dropped from 81% to 55% and CN from 2.3 ug/mL to 1.1 ug/mL. At the lower concentration COHCN mixture, where the resultant ti as reduced from 35 min to 11.1 min, COHb dropped from 71% to 61% and blood CN- decreased from 4.2 ug/mL to 1.1 ug/mL. Comparison of the COHb and blood CN- values with the values from our single gas exposure studies indicated that any alteration of the uptake of either gas in blood by the presence of the other was minimal. These findings suggest that changes in COHb and blood CN- may not be directly correlated with the onset of incapacitation and that postmortem blood levels should be carefully evaluated, particularly when both gases are present in fire victims. KW - Aircraft cabins KW - Blood carbon monoxide levels KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Crash investigation KW - Cyanides KW - Fires KW - Forensic medicine KW - Incapacitation KW - Laboratory animals KW - Poisonous gases KW - Toxicity UR - http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a279137.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725466 ER - TY - SER AN - 00846671 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - DUNCAN, PHYLLIS ANNE AU - WENSEL, JOHN W TI - DON'T FORGET THE CHILDREN!. PY - 1994/04 AB - RESTRAINT SYSTEMS FOR CHILDREN IN GENERAL AVIATION AIRCRAFT. KW - Child restraint systems KW - General aviation aircraft UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/544074 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935725 AU - Schroeder, D J AU - Touchstone, R M AU - Stern, J A AU - Stoliarov, N AU - Thackray, R I AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Washington University, St Louis AU - State Science Research Institute for Civil Aviation TI - MAINTAINING VIGILANCE ON A SIMULATED ATC MONITORING TASK ACROSS REPEATED SESSIONS PY - 1994/03 SP - 11 p. AB - This study assesses changes in vigilance/attention of air traffic controllers across 3 separate days as subjects performed an air traffic control (ATC) simulation task. Twenty subjects on 3 days monitored a simulated ATC task for 44 critical events over a 2-hour session. The complex monitoring task included the detection of: altitude malfunctions; aircraft conflict/ no conflicts where 2 aircraft were at the same altitude on an airway simultaneously; and triangular targets representing visual flight rules (VFR) aircraft that appeared either centrally or peripherally on the screen during the course of each session. Changes in performance on the complex monitoring task associated with either time on task or repeated sessions were dependent on nature of the task. Performance on the component involving detection and decision making (conflict/no conflict detection) evidenced a decrement associated with time on task on each of the 3 days. Improvement was evident from the first to the third day. Performance on the identification of the altitude malfunctions remained relatively immune to the effects of time on task or repeated sessions. Detection of the VFR aircraft intruders presented a mixed picture, with improvement noted in some aspects of performance but not in others, and some evidence of time on task effects. Outcomes were generally consistent with previous findings with this task and consistent with other literature with respect to the presence of performance decrements associated with time on task. The results were consistent with a view that the decrements are associated with lapses in attention, rather than a generalized fatigue effect or a general modification in overall scanning behavior. Furthermore, results suggest that there were aspects of monitoring performance that remain relatively immune to time on task effects. KW - Air traffic control KW - Alertness KW - Attention KW - Decision making KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Human error KW - Incident detection KW - Monitoring KW - Simulation KW - Time on task KW - Vigilance UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM94-06.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725464 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00818118 AU - Yost, R J AU - Baker, R AU - Laylagian, J AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - DCS, Incorporated TI - FAA TECHNICAL CENTER NAS SECURITY RESEARCH PROGRAM: POSITIVE PASSENGER BAGGAGE MATCHING (PPBM) R AND D PROJECT PLAN PY - 1994/03 SP - n.p. AB - The Positive Passenger Baggage Matching (PPBM) Plan details the type and level of research and development effort necessary to identify technologies that could be employed to increase the efficiency of PPBM operations and reduce the costs to implement and operate PPBM on domestic passenger flights. The plan discusses the major tasks to be accomplished to achieve the project objectives and provides a schedule for such tasks. These tasks involve surveying current PPBM operations on U.S. air carrier international flights to identify PPBM operational effects and associated costs, identifying technologies that could be adapted to PPBM operators to increase efficiency, and estimating the operational effects and costs of implementing and operating PPBM operations on domestic flights. KW - Air transportation KW - Airlines KW - Baggage handling KW - Baggage screening KW - Civil aviation KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Identification systems KW - Passenger security KW - Terrorism UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/691920 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00738635 AU - Nadler, E AU - Mengert, P AU - Grossberg, M AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - AIRPORT SECURITY SCREENER PERFORMANCE GAINS DUE TO COMPUTER-BASED INSTRUCTION (SAFE PASSAGE (TRADE NAME)) PY - 1994/03 SP - 32 p. AB - This document describes research to improve the performance of airport security screeners. The research supports advancement of the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA's) Screener Proficiency Evaluation and Reporting System (SPEARS) and was performed by the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center of the Department of Transportation. Quantitative evidence is presented for screener performance gains during voluntary recurrent training, using Computer-Based Instruction (CBI) on the 'Safe Passage' System, a product of Public Computer Systems, Inc., of Rochester, New York. KW - Airport security KW - Airports KW - Performance evaluations KW - Screener performance KW - Security KW - Systems analysis KW - Training programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/572734 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00738636 AU - Nadler, E AU - Mengert, P AU - Carpenter-Smith, T AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - AIRPORT SECURITY SCREENER PERFORMANCE GAINS DUE TO ONLINE TRAINING AND TESTING (LINESCAN (TRADE NAME) TNT)) PY - 1994/03 SP - 28 p. AB - This document describes research to improve the performance of airport security screeners. The research supports advancement of the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Screener Proficiency Evaluation and Reporting System (SPEARS) and was performed by the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center of the Department of Transportation. Quantitative evidence is presented for screener performance gains during voluntary recurrent training, using computer-based instruction (CBI) on the 'TnT', a product of EG&G Astrophysics Research Corporation of Long Beach, California. KW - Airport security KW - Airports KW - Information processing KW - Performance evaluations KW - Screener performance KW - Security KW - Training programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/572735 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173069 AU - Madigan, Edwin F AU - Shearfer, Vicki M AU - Eldridge, Donald AU - Huntley, Stephen AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Pilot GPS LORAN Receiver Programming Performance A Laboratory Evaluation PY - 1994/02//Final Report SP - 95p AB - This study was designed to explore GPS/LORAN receiver programming performance under simulated flight conditions. The programming task consisted of entering, editing, and verifying a four-waypoint flight plan. The task demands were manipulated by varying flight turbulence and the time interval between test sessions. Flight performance data indicated that subjects were well trained on the flight task; significant effects of turbulence and test interval were not found. Programming performance was very good and critical errors occurred on only 13% of the test trials. Examination of the conditions surrounding each error indicated that specific display design and system logic attributes contributed to the errors. In addition, examination of error recovery methods showed that non-intuitive menu structures complicated and confused the recovery process. Pilots rarely recalled "doing anything wrong" when errors occurred, suggesting that the receiver interface design was opaque and did not provide a good understanding of system function. Recommendations for GPS/LORAN receiver controls, functions, menu structure and logic, error recognition and recovery, and general usability are discussed. KW - Air pilots KW - Aircraft pilotage KW - Airline pilots KW - Errors KW - Flight plans KW - Flight simulators KW - Global Positioning System KW - Laboratory tests KW - Loran KW - Turbulence UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33700/33793/33793.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933288 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935722 AU - Witt, L A AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - PERCEPTIONS OF ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT AND AFFECTIVITY AS PREDICTORS OF JOB SATISFACTION PY - 1994/02 SP - 11 p. AB - This study tested several hypotheses examining both the main and interactive effects on job satisfaction of variables assessing the person (disposition) and situation (organizational climate) across several organizations. Disposition in this study refers to employee descriptions of how they generally feel in response to the PANAS Affectivity scale. The PANAS is comprised of 20 adjectives that describe both positive (PA) and negative (NA) affect. Data were accumulated by meta analysis from 1,491 employees in 35 different organizational systems. This included survey data from employees at the FAA Aeronautical Center (N=1,029) in Oklahoma City, Air Traffic Control Specialist trainees from the FAA Academy Nonradar Screen Program (N= 397) in Oklahoma City, and teachers from a rural public school system (N=65). Employees in each of those groups were participants in larger surveys of job satisfaction and other attitudinal factors that influence job satisfaction. Results indicated that perceptions of organizational support were more strongly related to job satisfaction than was disposition. NA had a larger moderating effect than PA on the perceived support-job satisfaction relationship. These results suggest that NA may have influenced the extent to which perceptions of organizational support impact employee job satisfaction. Considered together with longitudinal studies in this area, these findings suggest that dispositional differences in affectivity should be considered in interventions designed to have an impact on the attitudes of agency employees. Some consideration should be given to how individual differences in affectivity can influence responses to the existing organizational climate and culture as attempts are made to promote organizational change and improve overall job satisfaction. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Employee relations KW - Employees KW - Government employees KW - Hypothesis testing KW - Job satisfaction KW - Metadata KW - Organizations KW - Perception KW - Personality KW - Teachers KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM94-02.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725461 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935723 AU - Vortac, O U AU - Edwards, M B AU - Fuller, D K AU - Manning, C A AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman TI - AUTOMATION AND COGNITION IN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL: A EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION PY - 1994/02 SP - 17 p. AB - Several investigators have expressed concern that the imminent automation of air traffic control may have negative consequences on cognitive functioning, and ultimately on performance. We investigated these possibilities empirically by comparing normal, conventional air traffic control with an experimental condition designed to resemble an extreme version of automation. Overall, measures of performance were comparable between conditions. Most of the cognitive measures (attentional demands, visual search, recall of flights, recall of flight data) were not impaired by the automation analog. Instead, two prospective measures (prospective memory, planning) showed improved performance. The prospective memory advantage is particularly surprising given that the automation analog group was unable to manipulate external memory aids. Possible reasons for the prospective memory advantage include a reduced workload which allows the controller to get the necessary information in other ways, and a change in the nature of the task resulting from the "automation" of the strip management module. KW - Air traffic control KW - Attention KW - Automation KW - Cognition KW - Flight progress strips KW - Memory KW - Personnel performance KW - Planning KW - Visual perception KW - Workload UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM94-03.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725462 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935724 AU - Broach, D AU - Brecht-Clark, J AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - VALIDATION OF THE FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SPECIALIST PRE-TRAINING SCREEN PY - 1994/02 SP - 12 p. AB - Two formal validation studies of the Air Traffic Control Specialist Pre-Training Screen (ATCS/PTS), a 5-day computer administered test battery, are described. The ATCS/PTS was designed to replace the 9-week Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Academy ATCS Nonradar Screen program that served as the second major test in the ATCS selection system. Review of ATCS job analyses suggested that predictor tests should assess cognitive constructs such as spatial reasoning and short term memory, and require dynamic, concurrent performance. A proposed test battery was developed, consisting of 2 computer-administered information processing tests and a simplified radar based air traffic control work sample. In study 1, predictive, criterion related validation (N = 438) found that the proposed test battery explained additional variability in scores earned in the 9-week FAA Academy program, after taking into account student aptitude. In study 2, criterion related validation (N = 297) demonstrated that the proposed test battery was as valid as the FAA Academy ATCS Nonradar Screen for predicting progress in field training. Preliminary data from a third study conducted after validation of the ATCS/PTS seem to suggest that the abilities assessed by the new computerized tests reflect the abilities required on the job. However, implementation of the ATCS/PTS for actual employment decision making in June 1992 was based on results obtained in the second concurrent, criterion related validation study. The US controller selection system since June 1992 has consisted of the 4 hour written ATCS aptitude test battery followed by, for those applicants earning a qualifying score and dependent upon agency manpower requirements, second-level screening on the ATCS/PTS. Additional research requirements as part of an aviation human factors research program are described. KW - Ability tests KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Aptitude KW - Cognition KW - Computers KW - Information processing KW - Job analysis KW - Memory KW - Personnel performance KW - Radar air traffic control KW - Selection and appointment KW - Training KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - Validation UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM94-04.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725463 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00670265 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION PLAN FOR RESEARCH, ENGINEERING AND DEVELOPMENT 1993 PY - 1994/02 SP - 198 p. AB - The FAA manages and operates the National Airspace System (NAS), a significant national resource. However, the demands of this system are continuously growing, and changing technologies provide the opportunity to dramatically improve system effectiveness and efficiency. To this end, the FAA's R,ED program is an investment in the future that will sustain the United States preeminence in aviation throughout the world. Without this investment, the United States leadership would erode. Thus, the importance of aviation to the nation mandates a comprehensive research, engineering, and development program to ensure both the safety of public air transportation and the fulfillment of national priorities and policy goals. The contributions of aviation to the nation's economy cannot be overstated. Aviation and related industries contribute over $600 billion to the United States economy, encompassing over 8 million jobs. Aviation is critical to business travel, tourism, and travel services, as well as aircraft components, cargo and mail transport, and industrial national and international competitiveness. Aerospace is by far the largest exporting industry for the United States, with a 1990 industry trade surplus of $27 billion. The United States is currently the recognized world leader in aerospace, aviation, and air traffic control. However, this leadership role cannot be sustained without continued research into new and evolving technologies. KW - Air transportation KW - Development KW - Economic benefits KW - Improvements KW - Modernization KW - National Airspace System KW - National Aviation System KW - Public transit KW - Research KW - Research and development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411072 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00730673 AU - Smith, R D AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - GENERAL AVIATION PREFLIGHT PLANNING TO REDUCE ACCIDENTS PY - 1994/02 SP - 83 p. AB - Accident analysis reveals that preflight planning is often inadequate or entirely ignored. This report addresses the question, 'How can the FAA empower the general aviation (GA) community to minimize the number of accidents resulting from inadequate preflight planning and preparation'. In answering this question, a key issue is how best to provide the preflight services needed by GA and how best to encourage a greater percentage of pilots to do adequate preflight preparation. There have been major changes in the preflight/weather briefing market over the last decade. There is a need for fundamental reexamination of the preflight/weather briefing market and of the roles and responsibilities of the various players: federal, state, commercial vendors, and pilots. Such a reexamination would provide the FAA with a better understanding of the consequence of agency decisions. Thus, it would allow the FAA to take these consequences into account in the agency decision making process. KW - Flight plans KW - General aviation KW - Preflight plans KW - Safety KW - Traffic safety KW - Weather conditions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/466186 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00670263 AU - Smith, R D AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - SAFE HELIPORTS THROUGH DESIGN AND PLANNING. A SUMMARY OF FAA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PY - 1994/02 SP - 122 p. AB - During the last decade, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has published several dozen research and development (RD) reports dealing with the planning and design of landing sites for vertical flight aircraft. These landing sites include helipads at airports, heliports, helistops, vertiports, and unimproved sites. Vertical flight aircraft include helicopters, tiltrotor, and tiltwing. These reports would make a stack that is several feet high. Airport, heliport, and vertiport planners and designers should be familiar with FAA RD efforts in this area. We recognize, however, that many people do not have the time to read all of the published material. In addition, without a road map through all of this material, it may be difficult to see how multiple documents fit together to tell a coherent story on a particular subject of interest. With this in mind, the FAA has prepared this summary to assist you in becoming familiar with the results of these efforts. KW - Airport planning KW - Helicopters KW - Heliports KW - Landing sites KW - Rotorcraft KW - Rotors KW - Tiltrotor aircraft KW - Vertical flight aircraft KW - VTOL aircraft UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411070 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00669184 AU - Baart, D AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM EXPLORATORY ASSESSMENT FOR YEAR 2005 PY - 1994/02 SP - 29 p. AB - This report documents the exploratory assessment of the National Airspace System (NAS) for the year 2005. The National Airspace System Performance Analysis Capability (NASCAP) Simulation Modeling System (SMS) was used to simulate the future air traffic control (ATC) system. Airport improvements expected to be completed by the year 2005 were based on the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS) and future air traffic demand was based on the 1991 Terminal Area Forecast (TAF). The analysis showed that airfield capacity limitations are the major cause of delay that is projected for the future ATC system. The results suggest that more emphasis should be placed on acquisition investments that alleviate airfield congestion. KW - Air traffic KW - Air traffic activity KW - Air traffic control KW - Airport capacity KW - Airspace (Aeronautics) KW - Airspace (Law) KW - National Airspace System KW - Systems analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/410760 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00647444 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - 1993 FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION PLAN FOR RESEARCH, ENGINEERING AND DEVELOPMENT PY - 1994/02 SP - v.p. AB - The last few years have clearly demonstrated the rapid changes and growing challenges that the aviation industry and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) must face. To meet these challenges, innovative and cost-effective solutions to the problems must be developed and implemented. This report describes the FAA's efforts to develop technologies that address both current and projected issues so that this nation can maintain a competitive, robust aviation infrastructure. Some of the issues reviewed are: Capacity and Air Traffic Management Technology, Airport Technology, Human Factors and Aviation, and Environment and Energy. KW - Administration KW - Airport design KW - Airport noise KW - Airports KW - Development KW - Environmental impact analysis KW - Environmental impacts KW - Human factors KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388784 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00767430 AU - Samavedam, G AU - HOADLEY, D AU - Foster-Miller Associates, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FRACTURE AND FATIGUE STRENGTH EVALUATION OF MULTIPLE SITE DAMAGED AIRCRAFT FUSELAGES - CURVED PANEL TESTING AND ANALYSIS PY - 1994/01 SP - 172 p. AB - As the fleet of commercial passenger aircraft is utilized beyond their design lives, flaws have developed at the rivet holes of fuselage lap joints on some aircraft, which can grow and link up into cracks of significant length. Understanding, predicting, and controlling this crack growth and the ensuing linkup requires analysis and evaluation of the structural parameters in concert with confirmation by testing representative models of the fuselage. A dedicated test facility has been designed, built and tested for this purpose. Seven full-sized curved fuselage panels have been built and tested. This report describes the design rationale for the facility, the details of its construction and performance and the design and testing of compatible panels which simulate fuselage structural details. Data on basic material properties of interest to the aging aircraft issue have been compiled from existing literature and from R-curve testing and rivet stiffness testing performed as part of the effort. Analytic techniques have been developed to evaluate stress distributions and to estimate elastic stress intensity factors for flat and curved test panels. A flat test panel has been designed that demonstrates hoop stress equivalence to the curved fuselage. A 3-D FE mesh of a riveted lap joint is also presented. KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft materials KW - Cracking KW - Fatigue strength KW - Fracture properties KW - Fuselages KW - Lap joints KW - Rivets KW - Stiffness KW - Stresses KW - Test facilities KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/502928 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510733 AU - United States Federal Aviation Administration TI - Anchorage international airport, runway 14 instrument landing system : environmental impact statement PY - 1994///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Alaska KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295057 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01483572 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Discrete Address Beacon System (Video) PY - 1994 AB - Illustrates how the present air traffic control radar system can handle today's volume of air traffic. But tomorrow's projections indicate the need for a higher capacity radar system, the discrete address beacon system (DABS). In the 1980's DABS will be capable of individually identifying and selectively communicating with any single, properly-equipped aircraft in its surveillance area. Describes the principles, applications and add-on features, such as data-link, for DABS. KW - Air traffic control KW - Communication systems KW - Data communications KW - Mode S KW - Radar beacons KW - Surveillance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1252290 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01483563 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Flying Clubs (Video) PY - 1994 AB - Describes the advantages in belonging to a flying club. Emphasizes safety factors to be considered in organizing flying clubs, enlisting new members, purchasing and leasing equipment, establishing good relations with a fixed base operator and other important matters affecting safe, efficient, and economical operations. KW - Air transportation KW - Aviation safety KW - Civil aviation KW - Groups KW - Recreation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1252289 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01483562 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Area Navigation (Video) PY - 1994 AB - Describes the area navigation concept and the advantages in helping expedite air traffic control. KW - Air traffic control KW - Aircraft pilotage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1252291 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01454864 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Red Alert (Video) PY - 1994 AB - This video describes current Federal Aviation Administration regulations relating to crash fire rescue. It illustrates basic principles and techniques; demonstrates new forms of agents, agent applicators, protective suits, and equipment; and underscores the critical importance of having a well-trained crash fire rescue force available to cope with airport emergencies. KW - Aircraft rescue and firefighting services KW - Aviation safety KW - Fire extinguishing agents KW - Fire fighting equipment KW - Firefighters KW - Regulations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1223289 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01454429 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Getting Ready for Tomorrow (Video) PY - 1994 AB - This video summarizes Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) major research and development programs and illustrates how they are carried by FAA in partnership with the rest of the aviation community. Current research and development to improve air traffic control (ATC) is highlighted. Primary audience: aeronautical engineers, engineering schools, and the general public. KW - Air traffic control KW - Aviation KW - Research KW - Research projects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1222873 ER - TY - SER AN - 01403271 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board TI - Freight transportation research SN - 0309055083 PY - 1994 IS - 1430 SP - 49p KW - Dangerous goods KW - Economics KW - Freight transport KW - Freight transportation KW - Hazardous materials KW - Highway transportation KW - Rail transport KW - Railroad transportation KW - Road transport KW - Transport economics KW - Transport safety KW - Transportation safety KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel behaviour KW - Urban transport KW - Urban transportation UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/trr/1994/1430/1430.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1171055 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070791 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Installation of an Instrument Landing System (ILS) on Runway 11 at Newark International Airport : environmental impact statement PY - 1994///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Jersey UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830176 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070786 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Proposed new Austin Airport at Bergstrom, Travis county : environmental impact statement PY - 1994///Volumes held: Draft, Draft Appendix, Final, Final Appendix KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830171 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070785 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Northwest Arkansas Regional Airport, Replacement for Drake Field, City of Fayetteville : environmental impact statement PY - 1994///Volumes held: Draft, Draft Appendix(2v), Final, Final Appendix(2v) KW - Arkansas KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830170 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070698 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Seattle-Tacoma international airport, south aviation support area, Port of Seattle : environmental impact statement PY - 1994///Volumes held: Draft, Draft Appendix, Final, Final Appendix; Pages missing from final EIS B1 KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830083 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070681 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport, proposed extension of runway 4-22 : environmental impact statement PY - 1994///Volumes held: Draft, Supplement to the draft[1992], Revised draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Minnesota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830066 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070517 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Lindbergh Field facilities improvements, immediate action program, San Diego County : environmental impact statement PY - 1994///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/829902 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00972702 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FAA STATISTICAL HANDBOOK OF AVIATION, CALENDAR YEAR 1994 PY - 1994 SP - 146 p. AB - This report presents statistical information pertaining to the Federal Aviation Administration, the National Airspace System, Airports, Airport Activity, U.S. Civil Air Career Fleet, U.S. Civil Air Carrier Operating Imports/Exports, and a Glossary of Terms used in the publication. KW - Aeronautics KW - Air traffic control KW - Air transportation KW - Aircraft KW - Airports KW - Aviation KW - Crashes KW - Exports KW - Handbooks KW - Imports UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/13000/13200/13253/ADA321764.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/697274 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935735 AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Galaxy Scientific Corporation TI - HUMAN FACTORS IN AVIATION MAINTENANCE. PHASE III, VOLUME 2 PROGRESS REPORT PY - 1994 AB - The third phase of research on human factors in aviation maintenance continued to look at the human's role in the aviation maintenance system via investigations, demonstrations, and evaluations of the research program outputs. This report describes the Office of Aerospace Medicine's Hypermedia Information System, released on CD-ROM in early 1993. The report also offers an extended discussion of computer-based training (CBT) for maintenance and provides guidelines for CBT decision making. One chapter of the report identifies the "barriers" that have hindered the acceptance and success of nontraditional participants in aviation maintenance careers and offers recommendations to ensure a barrier-free work environment for all workers. The report also includes a chapter on the plan and pilot study to investigate relationships of a number of variables to nondestructive inspection performance. An evaluation of Maintenance Crew Resource Management is also reported on, as well as the development and status of the Human Factors Guide for Aviation Maintenance. KW - Aviation KW - CD-ROM KW - Computer aided instruction KW - Crew resource management KW - Decision making KW - Demonstration projects KW - Evaluation KW - Guidelines KW - Human factors KW - Hypermedia KW - Inspection KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance personnel KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pilot studies KW - Recommendations KW - Work environment UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am94-12.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725765 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935734 AU - Garner, R P AU - Wilcox, B C AU - England, H M AU - Nakagawara, V B AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - EFFECTS OF COLD EXPOSURE ON WET AIRCRAFT PASSENGERS: A REVIEW PY - 1994 SP - 7 p. AB - The incorporation of a cabin water spray system (CWSS) aboard commercial passenger aircraft has been suggested as a mechanism of reducing passenger death and injury from the fire and smoke commonly associated with aircraft accidents. A potential health risk associated with a CWSS is the physiological stress that would be imposed upon an individual by being wet from a CWSS in the aircraft cabin and then evacuated into a cold environment. The severity of this type of exposure would be proportional to the degree to which the individual was doused with water and the wind speed and inversely proportionally to the ambient temperature. The physiological responses to partial wetting and subsequent exposure to cold environmental conditions have not been studied. The effects of cold exposure as well as the degree of protection provided to the individual, particularly the cardiorespiratory system, by CWSS would need to be fully investigated to determine if the survival benefits of a CWSS outweigh the potential health risks. KW - Aircraft cabins KW - Aircraft crash victims KW - Atmospheric temperature KW - Cardiovascular system KW - Fire extinguishing agents KW - Literature reviews KW - Passengers KW - Respiratory system KW - Risk analysis KW - Stress (Physiology) KW - Water KW - Water spray system KW - Wind UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM94-10.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725469 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00864127 AU - OZMORE, RICHARD AU - DIMEO, KAREN AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - SIMULATION OF TRIPLE SIMULTANEOUS PARALLEL ILS APPROACHES AT THE NEW DENVER INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT USING THE FINAL MONITOR AID DISPLAY AND A 4.8 SECOND RADAR UPDATE RATE. PY - 1994 IS - AD-A281 003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control facilities KW - Airplanes KW - Airports KW - Approach control KW - Ground controlled approach KW - Instrument landing systems KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/630175 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00852280 AU - SHYPRYKEVICH, PETER AU - SODERQUIST, JOE AU - National Technical Information Service AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - PROGRAM PLAN: AIRCRAFT ADVANCED MATERIALS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. PY - 1994 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Research KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/550513 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00903623 AU - LABITT, MELVIN AU - Lincoln Laboratory AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - OBTAINING LOW SIDELOBES USING NON-LINEAR FM PULSE COMPRESSION. PY - 1994 IS - PB99-172918 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Radar air traffic control UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22200/22278/PB99172918.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/618413 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00886799 AU - Fobes, J L AU - LOFARO, RONALD J AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - TEST AND EVALUATION REPORT FOR THE MANUAL DOMESTIC PASSIVE PROFILING SYSTEM (MDPPS) PROJECT PLAN. PY - 1994 IS - AD-A283 929 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airlines KW - Airports KW - Prevention KW - Reservation systems KW - Security KW - Terrorism UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/579264 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00881503 AU - BENNETT, THOMAS AU - FOBES, JAMES L AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - SCREENER PROFICIENCY EVALUATION AND REPORTING SYSTEM (SPEARS) HUMAN FACTORS FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES. T2 - HUMAN FACTORS FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES PY - 1994 IS - PB97-155295 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Baggage KW - Baggage handling KW - Prevention KW - Security KW - Terrorism UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/567950 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00881504 AU - Nadler, E AU - Mengert, P AU - Carpenter-Smith, T AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AIRPORT SECURITY SCREENER PERFORMANCE GAINS DUE TO ONLINE TRAINING AND TESTING (LINESCAN TNT REGISTERED TRADEMARK). PY - 1994 IS - PB97-155600 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Baggage KW - Baggage handling KW - Computer aided instruction KW - Prevention KW - Security KW - Terrorism UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/567951 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00867495 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - 1994 AVIATION CAPACITY ENHANCEMENT PLAN.. T2 - 1994 ACE PLAN PY - 1994 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Airports KW - Planning KW - Technological innovations KW - Traffic control KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/631092 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00864125 AU - JONES, JESSE AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - PRECISION LANDING SYSTEMS MATHEMATICAL MODELLING STUDY REPORT FOR ANDREWS AIR FORCE BASE, RUNWAY 19L, CAMP SPRINGS, MARYLAND. PY - 1994 IS - AD A289 015 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Landing aids KW - Landing aids (Aeronautics) KW - Microwave landing systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/630173 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00864129 AU - HEALY, THOMAS A AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AIRPORT SURVEILLANCE RADAR (ASR) SOLID-STATE TRANSMITTER DEMONSTRATION FINAL REPORT. PY - 1994 IS - AD A289 261 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Radar KW - Radar air traffic control KW - Radar in aeronautcs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/630177 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00864113 AU - Stein, Earl S AU - BAILEY, JIM AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - THE CONTROLLER MEMORY GUIDE CONCEPTS FROM THE FIELD. PY - 1994 IS - AD A289 263 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Memorizing KW - Memory KW - Psychology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/630169 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00864132 AU - BENNER, WILLIAM AU - MALITSKY, CHRISTOPHER AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - WEATHER AND RADAR PROCESSOR (WARP) TEST AND EVALUATION MASTER PLAN (TEMP). PY - 1994 IS - AD A288 280 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Aids to air navigation KW - Meteorology KW - Weather radar UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/630180 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00864126 AU - BAART, DOUGLAS AU - CHEUNG, ANNY AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - 1994 UPDATED NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT FOR YEAR 2005. PY - 1994 IS - AD A288 652 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Air transportation KW - Airports KW - Forecasting KW - Traffic control KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/630174 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00864128 AU - WARBURTON, JOHN AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - TEST AND EVALUATION PLAN FOR PRECISION DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENT (DME/P) INTERROGATORS FIELD TEST PLAN. PY - 1994 IS - AD-A280 309 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aids to air navigation KW - Airplanes KW - Microwave landing systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/630176 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00864123 AU - Mogford, R H AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - APPLICATION OF RESEARCH TECHNIQUES FOR DOCUMENTING COGNITIVE PROCESSES IN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SECTOR COMPLEXITY AND DECISION MAKING. PY - 1994 IS - AD-A282 336 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Decision making KW - Psychology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/630171 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00863850 AU - RICHIE, JOSEPH M AU - BAART, DOUGLAS AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - A NASPAC-BASED ANALYSIS OF THE DELAY AND COST EFFECTS OF THE WESTERN- PACIFIC REGION PRELIMINARY RESECTORIZATION EFFORT OF 1993. PY - 1994 IS - AD A288 696 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - San Francisco (California) KW - Western States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/630054 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724525 AU - Trembley, N AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FAA AIR TRAFFIC ACTIVITY: FISCAL YEAR 1994 PY - 1994 SP - v.p. AB - This FAA publication furnishes terminal and en route air traffic activity information of the National Airspace System. The data have been reported by the FAA-operated Airport Traffic Control Towers (ATCTs), Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCCs), Flight Service Stations, Approach Control Facilities, and FAA contracted ATCTs. These reports are used as a guide in determining the need for larger or additional facilities, upgraded equipment at particular facilities, and possible increases in personnel at existing facilities. The report includes data on airport operations (takeoffs and landings), instrument operations, instrument approaches, and flight service stations. KW - Air traffic KW - Air traffic activity KW - Aircraft KW - Airport operations KW - Flight service stations KW - Instrument approach KW - Instrument landing systems KW - Instrument operations KW - Landing KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Takeoff KW - Takeoff and landing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461583 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00859960 AU - United States Congress AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION AUTHORIZATION ACT OF 1994: CONFERENCE REPORT (TO ACCOMPANY H.R. 2739).. PY - 1994 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Airports KW - Laws and legislation KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/522938 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720924 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - CRIMINAL ACTS AGAINST CIVIL AVIATION PY - 1994 SP - 101 p. AB - This annual report is a compilation of criminal incidents against civil aviation aircraft and interests worldwide. Incidents are summarized in the overviews, and the feature articles focus on specific aviation-related issues or case histories. Charts, graphs, and maps appear throughout the publication. New to this year's edition is a product survey, which appears on the last page of the booklet. This questionnaire can be separated and returned. The information contained in this publication is derived from a variety of foreign and domestic sources. In many cases, however, specific details of a particular incident, especially those occurring outside the United States, may not be available. The FAA maintains records of aircraft hijackings, bombing attacks, and other significant criminal acts against civil and general aviation interests worldwide, which are used to compile this report. KW - Aviation safety KW - Bombs KW - Civil aviation KW - Crimes aboard aircraft KW - Hijacking KW - Incidents KW - Traffic incidents UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454901 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00858104 AU - LOFARO, RONALD J AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - JOB TENURE FACTORS FOR AIRLINE PASSENGER SCREENER PERSONNEL. PY - 1994 IS - ADA288670 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Baggage KW - Baggage handling KW - Job satisfaction KW - Psychology KW - Security UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/522395 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00712801 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - U.S. CIVIL AIRMEN STATISTICS, CALENDAR YEAR 1994 PY - 1994 SP - 182 p. AB - This report contains calendar year statistics on pilots and nonpilots and the number of certificates issued. It also contains counts of pilots and nonpilots by state and county. KW - Air pilots KW - Air transportation KW - Certification KW - Civil aviation KW - Flight instructors KW - Flight personnel KW - Helicopters KW - Instructors KW - Private enterprise KW - Students UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448031 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00857236 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - 1995 FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION PLAN FOR RESEARCH, ENGINEERING, AND DEVELOPMENT REPORT OF THE FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION TO THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS PURSUANT TO SECTION 44501 OF TITLE 49, UNITED STATES CODE (TRANSPORTATION). PY - 1994 IS - PB95-196051 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Research KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/522105 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00857035 AU - WEISS, WILLIAM E AU - WHITTAKER, GREGORY AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - CATEGORY II/III PROJECT. PY - 1994 IS - PB95-125050 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Instrument landing systems KW - Landing aids UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/522059 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00857036 AU - KIPPERMAN, MARK AU - LINDGREN, RANDALL AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - CATEGORY II/III. PY - 1994 IS - PB95-129334 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Instrument landing systems KW - Landing aids UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/522060 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00852302 AU - GRECO, MICHAEL AU - HOOVER, ERIC AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AWOS DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM (ADAS) OPERATIONAL TEST AND EVALUATION (OT&E) INTEGRATION AND OT&E OPERATIONAL TEST REPORT. PY - 1994 IS - AD-A280 492 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Meteorology KW - Weather forecasting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/550523 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00852304 AU - CURRAN, LAWRENCE J AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF FLIGHT DATA RECORDER FIRE TEST REQUIREMENTS. PY - 1994 IS - AD-A285 832 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Fires KW - Flight recorders KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/550525 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00852481 AU - BERNHART, WALTER AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR AVIATION RESEARCH UNDER CONTRACT NO. TI - THE DEVELOPMENT OF A HORIZONTAL IMPACT SLED FACILITY AND SUBSEQUENT CRASHWORTHINESS EXPERIMENTS. PY - 1994 IS - AD-A286 399 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Design KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/550574 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00852477 AU - BENNER, WILLIAM AU - GORDNER, NANNETTE AU - ROTH, DAVID AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - TEST AND EVALUATION MASTER PLAN (TEMP) FOR THE WEATHER MESSAGE SWITCHING CENTER REPLACEMENT (WMSCR). PY - 1994 IS - AD-A286 590 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Air traffic control KW - Meteorology KW - Weather forcasting KW - Weather forecasting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/550571 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00852485 AU - Rehmann, Albert J AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - HUMAN FACTORS GUIDELINES FOR THE EVALUATION OF AIRBORNE DATA LINK. PY - 1994 IS - AD-A280 076 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aircraft navigational aids KW - Airplanes KW - Human factors engineering KW - Human factors engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/550578 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00852374 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ENPLANEMENT AND ALL CARGO ACTIVITY, CALENDAR YEAR 1992. PY - 1994 IS - AD-A280 074 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Statistics KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/550549 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00852294 AU - BARTO, EUGENE AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - VHF DIRECTION FINDER (VDF) OPERATIONAL TEST AND EVALUATION (OT&E) INTEGRATION AND OT&E OPERATIONAL TEST LOGS AND DATA. PY - 1994 IS - AD-A280 311 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Aids to air navigation KW - Aircraft pilotage KW - Radio KW - Radio beacons KW - Radio direction finders UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/550520 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00852484 AU - Fobes, J L AU - LOFARO, RONALD J AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - TEST AND EVALUATION PLAN (TEP) FOR IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICE SCREENING SYSTEM (IEDSS) PROJECT PLAN. PY - 1994 IS - AD-A286 382 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Baggage KW - Baggage handling KW - Prevention KW - Security KW - Terrorism UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/550577 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00852486 AU - MONACO, STEPHANIE AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - ATLANTIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION UNDER CONTRACT NO. TI - FUEL LINE STUDY. PY - 1994 IS - AD-A284 918 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Fires KW - Fuel systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/550579 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00852301 AU - BAKER, LEONARD H AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - TEST AND EVALUATION MASTER PLAN (TEMP) FOR FIXED GROUND ANTENNA RADOMES (FGAR). PY - 1994 IS - AD-A283 839 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Airports KW - Radio beacons KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/550522 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00852480 AU - Fobes, J L AU - LOFARO, RONALD J AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - TEST AND EVALUATION REPORT FOR THE MANUAL DOMESTIC PASSIVE PROFILING SYSTEM (MDPPS). PY - 1994 IS - AD-A286 312 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Security UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/550573 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00852482 AU - Rehmann, Albert J AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AN EVALUATION OF AUTOMATIC TERMINAL INFORMATION SERVICE (ATIS) FLIGHT DECK DISPLAY PRESENTATION OPTIONS. PY - 1994 IS - AD-A280 100 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aircraft navigational aids KW - Airplanes KW - Human factors engineering KW - Human factors engineering UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/000/300/310/tn93_25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/550575 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00852293 AU - MARTINEZ, RADAME AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - TERMINAL DOPPLER WEATHER RADAR (TDWR) BUILD 5A OPERATIONAL TEST AND EVALUATION (OT&E) INTEGRATION AND OT&E OPERATIONAL TEST PLAN. PY - 1994 IS - AD-A283 052 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Air traffic control KW - Doppler radar KW - Meteorology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/550519 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00852305 AU - BENNER, WILLIAM E AU - MCCULLOUGH, JAMES A AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - OPERATIONAL AND SUPPORTABILITY IMPLEMENTATION SYSTEM (OASIS) TEST AND EVALUATION MASTER PLAN. PY - 1994 IS - AD-A284 765 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Automation KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/550526 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00852074 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FAA STRATEGIC PLAN. PY - 1994 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation policy KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/550476 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00852202 AU - BARTO, EUGENE AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - VHF DIRECTION FINDER (VDF) OPERATIONAL TEST AND EVALUATION (OT&E) INTEGRATION AND OT&E OPERATIONAL TEST REPORT. PY - 1994 IS - AD-A280 312 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Aids to air navigation KW - Aircraft pilotage KW - Radio KW - Radio beacons KW - Radio direction finders UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/550490 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00852201 AU - TURCICH, ELIZABETH AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - TERMINAL DOPPLER WEATHER RADAR (TDWR) BUILD 5 TEST AND EVALUATION MASTER PLAN (TEMP). PY - 1994 IS - AD-A280 426 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Air traffic control KW - Doppler radar KW - Meteorology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/550489 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00852203 AU - PEISEN, DEBORAH J AU - SAWYER, BRIAN AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - HELIPORT/VERTIPORT MLS PRECISION APPROACHES. PY - 1994 IS - AD-A283 505 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Global Positioning System KW - Heliports KW - Microwave landing systems KW - Planning KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/550491 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00849735 AU - FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, OFFICE OF SAFETY INFORMATION AND PROMOTION TI - AVIATION SYSTEM INDICATORS. PY - 1994 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Safety KW - Statistics KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/550327 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00672477 AU - Trembley, N AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FAA AIR TRAFFIC ACTIVITY: FISCAL YEAR 1993 PY - 1994 SP - v.p. AB - This Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) publication furnishes terminal and en route air traffic activity information of the National Airspace System. The data have been reported by the FAA-operated Air Traffic Control Towers (ATCTs), Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCCs), Flight Service Stations, Approach Control Facilities, and FAA-contracted ATCTs. These reports are used as a guide in determining the need for larger or additional facilities, upgraded equipment at particular facilities, and possible increases in personnel at existing facilities. KW - Air traffic KW - Air traffic activity KW - Airport operations KW - Flight services KW - Instrument approach KW - Instrument landing systems KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/412738 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00847685 AU - UNITED STATES. SUBCOMMITTEE ON AVIATION. FOR SALE BY THE U.S. G.P.O., SUPT. OF DOCS., CONGRESSIONAL SALES OFFICE AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OPERATIONAL STAFFING IN PROPOSED FISCAL YEAR 1995 BUDGET: HEARINGS BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON AVIATION OF THE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORTATION, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, ONE HUNDRED THIRD CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION, MARCH 9 AND 17, 1994.. SN - 0160446031 PY - 1994 AB - No abstract provided. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/545561 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00669355 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AIRPORT ACTIVITY STATISTICS OF CERTIFICATED ROUTE AIR CARRIERS. 12 MONTHS ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1993 PY - 1994 SP - 1195 p. AB - This edition presents the volume of revenue passenger, freight, and mail traffic handled by the nation's large certificated air carriers at each airport served during the 12 months ending December 31, 1993. In addition, a presentation of aircraft departures is shown including detail by aircraft type for total departures performed in scheduled, nonscheduled, and all services. Data are compiled from information reported to the DOT by the large certificated air carriers on Schedules T-100 and T-3, RSPA Form 41, Uniform Systems of Accounts and Reports for Large Certificated Air Carriers. Data are presented in seven tables. The first two contain summary data by type of service for carrier groups and individual air carriers and summary figures by area and state. Tables 3, 4, and 5 show activity in air carrier system operations at large, medium, and small air traffic hubs. The last two tables in the publication present detailed statistics by community and airport. KW - Air traffic KW - Air traffic activity KW - Airlines KW - Airports KW - Arrivals and departures KW - Hubs KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/410846 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00844016 AU - BAGOT, KEITH W AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - EVALUATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TAXIWAY LIGHTING INTENSITY STANDARDS. PY - 1994 IS - AD-A276 706 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airport runways KW - Airports KW - Evaluation KW - Landing aids KW - Lighting KW - Safety KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/544939 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00844255 AU - BAART, DOUGLAS AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM EXPLORATORY ASSESSEMENT SIC FOR YEAR 2005. PY - 1994 IS - AD-A277 569 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Air transportation KW - Airports KW - Forecasting KW - Traffic control KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/545064 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00844235 AU - CHEUNG, ANNY AU - BAART, DOUGLAS AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - CIVIL TILTROTOR MARKET PENETRATION EFFECTS ON NORTHEAST CORRIDOR AIRPORT DELAY. PY - 1994 IS - AD-A277 534 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Airports KW - Northeastern United States KW - Tilt wing aircraft UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/545050 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00843606 AU - LI, ALLEN AU - U.S. General Accounting Office AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - TESTIMONY TI - AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL: OBSERVATIONS ON PROPOSED CORPORATION: STATEMENT OF ALLEN LI, ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR, TRANSPORTATION ISSUES, RESOURCES, COMMUNITY, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DIVISION, BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION AND RELATED AGENCIES, COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS, U.S. SENATE. PY - 1994 IS - GAO/T-RCED-94-210 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Policy KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/544738 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00843599 AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - MIKE MONRONEY AERONAUTICAL CENTER. LIBRARY. TI - FAA AERONAUTICAL CENTER LIBRARY.. PY - 1994 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Libraries KW - Transportation KW - Transportation libraries KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/544734 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00844257 AU - OLKIEWICZ, C AU - Mohammadi, J AU - CICERO, J AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - SYSTEMS & ELECTRONICS, INC. UNDER CONTRACT NO. TI - DESIGN, MANUFACTURE, AND TEST OF A FLIGHT LOAD RECORDER FOR SMALL AIRCRAFT. PY - 1994 IS - AD-A277 752 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Design KW - Flight recorders KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/545066 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00842450 AU - UNITED STATES. SUBCOMMITTEE ON AVIATION. FOR SALE BY THE U.S. G.P.O., SUPT. OF DOCS., CONGRESSIONAL SALES OFFICE AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ADVANCED AIRCRAFT TECHNOLOGY AND FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION AIRCRAFT CERTIFICATION: HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON AVIATION OF THE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORTATION, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, ONE HUNDRED THIRD CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION, OCTOBER 20, 1993.. SN - 0160435927 PY - 1994 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Air transportation KW - Airplanes KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/544190 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00841415 AU - GORDON, SCOTT AU - East-West Gateway Coordinating Council AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - 1993 SURVEY OF GENERAL AVIATION AIRCRAFT PILOTS AND OWNERS. PY - 1994 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air pilots KW - Airports KW - Private flying KW - Saint Louis Metropolitan Area UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532795 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00841418 AU - ALTMAN, S I AU - National Technical Information Service AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF SURVEILLANCE PERFORMANCE AT CHICAGO O'HARE AIRPORT. PY - 1994 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Airplanes KW - Airports KW - Chicago (Illinois) KW - Radar KW - Radar air traffic control KW - Radar in aeronautics KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532796 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00662915 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Ramanathan, Venkatesh AU - Schonfeld, Paul TI - APPROXIMATE DELAYS CAUSED BY LOCK SERVICE INTERRUPTIONS SN - 0309055083 PY - 1994 IS - 1430 SP - p. 41-49 AB - The lock structures in the inland waterway system have become major constraints to navigation as a result of increased traffic and facility deterioration, leading to costly delays. Most of the locks have exceeded their design life, and service interruptions occur quite frequently, causing increasing delays to traffic. Hence, a reliable model is necessary to estimate the delay caused by lock service interruptions. In this paper, a model is developed in the form of one relatively simple equation to estimate tow delays caused by a single lock service interruption. A basic equation is derived on the basis of continuous flow theory. Because the waterway flows consist of discrete vessels, an appropriate discrete adjustment factor is developed. To account for the stochastic characteristics of actual waterway operations, an adjustment factor is estimated statistically from simulation results. The resulting model provides accurate estimates of delays far more quickly and inexpensively than simulation. The simple model developed in this paper should be useful in future studies of capacities, delays, service reliability, maintenance policies, and general waterway economics. KW - Accuracy KW - Delays KW - Equations KW - Estimating KW - Inland waterways KW - Locks (Waterways) KW - Mathematical models KW - Service interruptions KW - Traffic delays UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/trr/1994/1430/1430-006.pdf UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=APPROXIMATE+DELAYS+CAUSED+BY+LOCK+SERVICE+INTERRUPTIONS&author=V.+Ramanathan&author=P.+Schonfeld&publication_year=1994 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/408313 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00662911 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Fawaz, Youssef M AU - Garrison, William L TI - TRUCK AND HIGHWAY COMBINATIONS FOR INCREASING TRUCKING PRODUCTIVITY IN MARKET NICHES SN - 0309055083 PY - 1994 IS - 1430 SP - p. 10-18 AB - The focus of this work is at the system level instead of the component level of the autotruck highway system. New combinations of trucks, roads, and operations that could achieve sizeable productivity gains if introduced into the truck-highway system are explored. A simulation model to assess the benefits expected from new truck and road combinations is developed. Grain transportation in rural areas is chosen as a possible market niche. The results of the case-study analysis indicate that trucks of up to 200,000 lb gross vehicle weight operating on a network of low-maintenance roads present an opportunity for substantial productivity gains. The new combinations can offer services four to six times less costly than those of present day grain shipping. Institutional and operational changes necessary to the implementation of such truck-highway formats are discussed. KW - Benefits KW - Case studies KW - Combinations KW - Grain KW - Highways KW - Market niches KW - Market segmented groups KW - Markets KW - Operations KW - Productivity KW - Rural areas KW - Simulation KW - Trucks UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/trr/1994/1430/1430-002.pdf UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=TRUCK+AND+HIGHWAY+COMBINATIONS+FOR+INCREASING+TRUCKING+PRODUCTIVITY+IN+MARKET+NICHES&author=Y.+Fawaz&author=W.+Garrison&publication_year=1994 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/408309 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00662912 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Saccomanno, F Frank AU - Cassidy, Keith TI - QRA AND DECISION MAKING IN THE TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS SN - 0309055083 PY - 1994 IS - 1430 SP - p. 19-26 AB - Lessons learned from the International Consensus Conference on the Risks of Transporting Dangerous Goods, held in Toronto in April 1992 are used to suggest ways through which quantitative risk assessment (QRA) can be made more practicable for users and decision makers. The discussion focuses on three aspects of the problem: risk uncertainty (in both estimation and process), communication (as related to perspective, criteria for representing risk, and relevance to decision making), and decision support (acting as a guide to cost-effective mitigation). KW - Communicating KW - Communication KW - Decision making KW - Decision support systems KW - Hazardous materials KW - Hazardous materials transportation KW - Mitigation KW - Risk assessment KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Transportation KW - Uncertainty UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/trr/1994/1430/1430-003.pdf UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=QRA+AND+DECISION+MAKING+IN+THE+TRANSPORTATION+OF+DANGEROUS+GOODS&author=F.+Saccomanno&author=K.+Cassidy&publication_year=1994 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/408310 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00662914 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Kornhauser, Alain L AU - Pasternak, Dexter J AU - Sontag, Mary Anne TI - COMPARING RISKS OF TRANSPORTING CHEMICALS BY HIGHWAY AND RAIL: A CASE STUDY SN - 0309055083 PY - 1994 IS - 1430 SP - p. 36-40 AB - The risks of moving chemicals by rail and highway are compared using a distribution risk decision support tool. Described are the problems faced by those who must evaluate how hazardous materials are to be transported, what attributes are needed in a decision support tool that quantifies the risk along competing routes, and how these results are used to select a mode and a route. This is achieved through the presentation of a case study involving the movement of anhydrous ammonia. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Ammonia KW - Anhydrous ammonia KW - Case studies KW - Decision support systems KW - Hazardous materials KW - Hazardous materials transportation KW - Highway transportation KW - Railroad transportation KW - Risk assessment KW - Transportation UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/trr/1994/1430/1430-005.pdf UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=COMPARING+RISKS+OF+TRANSPORTING+CHEMICALS+BY+HIGHWAY+AND+RAIL%3A+A+CASE+STUDY&author=A.+Kornhauser&author=D.+Pasternak&author=M.+Sontag&publication_year=1994 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/408312 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00662910 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - List, George F AU - Turnquist, Mark A TI - ESTIMATING TRUCK TRAVEL PATTERNS IN URBAN AREAS SN - 0309055083 PY - 1994 IS - 1430 SP - p. 1-9 AB - A method for estimating multi-class truck trip matrices from partial and fragmentary observations is presented. Data sets of widely varying character are combined in an efficient and effective manner so that each piece of information plays a role in developing the estimated flows. The method is linked to a geographic information system environment for data management and display of the results. Its use is illustrated through a case study focusing on the Bronx in New York City. Trip matrices are estimated for three truck classes: vans and medium and heavy trucks. Future advances for the method are outlined. KW - Case studies KW - Data management KW - Estimating KW - Geographic information systems KW - Heavy duty trucks KW - Information processing KW - Medium trucks KW - Modems KW - New York (New York) KW - Sets KW - Travel patterns KW - Trip matrices KW - Trucks KW - Urban areas KW - Vans UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/trr/1994/1430/1430-001.pdf UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=ESTIMATING+TRUCK+TRAVEL+PATTERNS+IN+URBAN+AREAS&author=G.+List&author=M.+Turnquist&publication_year=1994 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/408308 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00662913 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Leeming, D G AU - Saccomanno, F F TI - USE OF QUANTIFIED RISK ASSESSMENT IN EVALUATING THE RISKS OF TRANSPORTING CHLORINE BY ROAD AND RAIL SN - 0309055083 PY - 1994 IS - 1430 SP - p. 27-35 AB - The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) makes routine use of its computerized quantified Risk Assessment Tool (RISKAT) in order to assess the risks from major industrial hazards. In recent years attention has been directed toward the transport of dangerous substances, and consequently HSE has developed a transportation version of RISKAT. Described is the application of Transport RISKAT to a case study in which the overall risks from a major industrial facility handling chlorine have been assessed. A novel feature of this study is the inclusion of the delivery system into the assessment, and the comparison of two transport modes: rail and road. The proposed switch from rail to road transport significantly reduces the risks from site operations. The study therefore addresses two questions: has any transfer of risks onto the transport system taken place, and if so, are the overall risks reduced as a result of the switch in mode? In addressing these questions, the report concludes that there is a considerable degree of uncertainty in the risk estimates. The effect of variability on the conclusions that can be drawn from the study is illustrated by the use of risk inputs from a number of independent sources. KW - Case studies KW - Chlorine KW - Hazardous materials KW - Hazardous materials transportation KW - Highway transportation KW - Railroad transportation KW - Risk assessment KW - Simulation KW - Transportation KW - Uncertainty UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/trr/1994/1430/1430-004.pdf UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=USE+OF+QUANTIFIED+RISK+ASSESSMENT+IN+EVALUATING+THE+RISKS+OF+TRANSPORTING+CHLORINE+BY+ROAD+AND+RAIL&author=D.+Leeming&author=F.+Saccomanno&publication_year=1994 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/408311 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00681641 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - CENSUS U.S. CIVIL AIRCRAFT CALENDAR YEAR 1993 PY - 1993/12/31 SP - 444 p. AB - This report presents information about the U.S. Civil Aircraft Fleet. In includes detailed tables of air carrier aircraft and an inventory of registered aircaft by manufacturer and model, and general aviation aircraft by state and county of the owner. KW - Census KW - Civil aircraft KW - Inventory KW - Manufactures KW - Scale models KW - Structural models UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/422497 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00670494 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - CENSUS OF U.S. CIVIL AIRCRAFT: CALENDAR YEAR 1993 PY - 1993/12/31 SP - 461 p. AB - This report presents information about the U.S. Civil Aircraft Fleet. It includes detailed tables of air carrier aircraft and an inventory of registered aircraft by manufacturer and model, and general aviation aircraft by state and county of the owner. KW - Airlines KW - Civil aircraft KW - General aviation aircraft KW - Industries KW - Inventory KW - Tables (Data) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411208 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935789 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF THE OPERATIONAL ERROR DATABASE FOR AIR ROUTE TRAFFIC CONTROL CENTERS PY - 1993/12 SP - 30 p. AB - Monitoring the frequency and determining the causes of operational errors (OE) (defined as the loss of prescribed separation between aircraft) is one approach to assessing the operational safety of the air traffic control system. The extent to which separation is lost determines the severity of the error. The first study examined the relationships between error occurrence, controller workload (number of aircraft and traffic complexity) and causal factors involved. The Federal Aviation Administration's Final Operational Error/Deviation Reports for air route traffic control center facilities for 1985-88 comprised the data base. A majority of the errors occurred under conditions of below average or average complexity. Complexity and number of aircraft were highly correlated. However, there was a significant difference across facilities in average workload during an event. Improved guidelines for quality assurance personnel are needed to ensure a more standardized determination and reporting of workload dimensions. Results suggested that the frequency of some of the causal factors varied in response to changes in number of aircraft worked and traffic complexity. The second study analyzed the workload and causal factors related to the severity of OEs during 1988-91. Neither the number of aircraft being worked nor air traffic complexity were significantly associated with severity. In general, the causal factors that resulted in greater severity likely involved reduced situation awareness by the controller. The relationship of aircraft profiles and flight levels with OE severity were examined. Facility level differences were reviewed regarding controller workload and awareness of the developing error. Both studies point to the need for increasing the level of objectivity in the operational error investigation process. KW - Air traffic control KW - Air traffic control facilities KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Aircraft separation KW - Aviation safety KW - Crash causes KW - Crash severity KW - Databases KW - Human error KW - Operational errors KW - Quality assurance KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - Workload UR - https://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM93-22.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725502 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00670264 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION AVIATION SYSTEM CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN 1993 PY - 1993/12 SP - 304 p. AB - This is the FAA's third annual Aviation System Capital Investment Plan (CIP). It describes the Facilities and Equipment (F and E) programs that the FAA will pursue in addressing key concerns of the national airspace system (NAS), such as safety, efficiency, traffic demands, equipment and facilities, and airspace use. The CIP creates a plan for evolution of the existing NAS through use of these technologies and development of new products obtained from continuing research. The CIP is organized into six chapters. The Introduction provides an overview of the Plan, NAS goals and national priorities, the national air transportation system, a crosswalk to other plans, return on investment, recent changes, and document organization. To meet and document the goal of completing the NAS Plan, the Original NAS Plan chapter presents all remaining original projects. The Growth chapter describes those requirements that expand, relocate, or consolidate existing facilities/equipment. The Infrastructure Replenishment chapter covers additional items identified since development of the original NAS Plan. This chapter presents projects that refurbish structures, replace obsolete equipment, or relocate facilities to maintain service, improve effectiveness, or reduce costs. The Supportability chapter describes projects that support logistics, provide for personnel training and manage the information and human resource aspects of NAS modernization. The last chapter, New Capabilities, addresses projects which, if implemented, are expected to add significant new capabilities to the NAS. KW - Air transportation KW - Capital investments KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Equipment KW - Facilities KW - National Airspace System KW - National Aviation System KW - Safety KW - Transportation policy KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411071 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00669162 AU - White, J C AU - Agrawal, Sudhir K AU - Cook, R E AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - SOFT GROUND ARRESTING SYSTEM FOR AIRPORTS PY - 1993/12 SP - 75 p. AB - Aircraft can and do overrun the ends of the runway, sometimes with disastrous consequences. Safety overrun areas are designed to provide an additional 1,000 feet of length for stopping overrunning aircraft. At many airports, however, the additional 1,000-foot safety area is not available. At these locations, soft ground arresting systems can be employed to decelerate or stop an overrunning aircraft. A mathematical model representing the interface between the aircraft and the soft ground was developed. This model was used to predict aircraft gear loads, deceleration, and stopping distance within the soft ground system. The validity of the mathematical model was confirmed by eight tests with use of an instrumented Boeing 727 aircraft. A phenolic foam bed 680 feet long by 48 feet wide and 18 inches deep was used to demonstrate the effectiveness of safely stopping a Boeing 727 aircraft entering the bed at 50 knots and 60 knots; at 50 knots the aircraft came to a complete stop in 420 feet and at 60 knots in 540 feet. The aircraft was successfully extracted from the bed, the foam was successfully repaired, and airport rescue and fire fighting equipment and personnel were able to maneuver without difficulty on the foam. KW - Airport runways KW - Arrester beds KW - Foams KW - Highway safety KW - Landing fields KW - Overruns KW - Phenolic resins KW - Runway overruns KW - Safety zone KW - Soft soils UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/410741 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935788 AU - Prinzo, O V AU - Britton, T W AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ATC/PILOT VOICE COMMUNICATIONS: A SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE PY - 1993/11 SP - 39 p. AB - Verbal communications in air traffic control (ATC) operations have been frequently cited as causal factors in operational errors and pilot deviations. Although the communications problem was well known, the research literature was fragmented, making it difficult to appreciate the various types of verbal communications problems that existed and their unique influence on the quality of ATC/pilot communications. This is a survey of the voice radio communications literature. The 43 reports in the review represent survey data, field studies, laboratory studies, narrative reports, and reviews. The survey topics pertain to communications taxonomies, acoustical correlates and cognitive/psycho-linguistic perspectives. Communications taxonomies were used to identify the frequency and types of information that constitute routine communications, as well as those communications involved in operational errors, pilot deviations, and other safety-related events. Acoustical correlate methodologies identified some qualities of a speaker's voice, such as loudness, pitch, and speech rate, which might be used potentially to monitor stress, mental workload, and other forms of psychological or physiological factors that affect performance. Cognitive/psycho-linguistic research offered an information processing perspective for understanding how pilots' and controllers' memory and language comprehension processes affect their ability to communicate effectively with one another. This analysis of the ATC/pilot voice radio communications literature was performed to provide an organized summary for the systematic study of interactive communications between controllers and pilots. Recommendations are given for new research initiatives, communications-based instructional materials, and human factors applications for new communications systems. KW - Acoustics KW - Air pilots KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Aviation safety KW - Cognition KW - Communication systems KW - Communications KW - Field studies KW - Human error KW - Human factors KW - Laboratory studies KW - Language KW - Literature reviews KW - Memory KW - Personnel performance KW - Physiological aspects KW - Psychological aspects KW - Radio KW - Research reports KW - Speech KW - Surveys KW - Taxonomy UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am93-20.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725501 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935786 AU - Hellman, C M AU - Witt, L A AU - Hilton, T F AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CONTINUANCE COMMITMENT TO FAA MATRIX TEAMS PY - 1993/11 SP - 10 p. AB - Several organizations within the Federal Aviation Administration employ matrix teams to achieve cross-functional coordination. While there are several factors that influence productivity of matrix teams, member turnover can have a substantial impact. This report summarizes data that was gathered to evaluate how well existing matrix teams were functioning. These data will also serve as a baseline against which to gauge future development of the matrix team program. The present paper examined two issues: (i) the relationship between perceptions of the quality of member-team interactions and individual member commitment to remain on the team (continuance commitment) and, (ii) whether or not that relationship might be influenced by the degree to which a member identified with the team as opposed to his/her individual office, function, or profession. Results from 141 members of 22 FAA matrix teams indicated a significant relationship between the quality of member-team interactions and continuance commitment. Moreover, team identification moderated the magnitude of the relationship between interaction quality and continuance commitment. Specifically, regardless of team identification, when members perceived member-team interactions to be of high quality, they also reported commitment to continuing on the team. However, this relationship was particularly critical for those members whose identification with the team was weak. For them, the quality of interactions among team members was strongly related to continuance commitment. Based on these results, efforts by project leaders to increase the number of and quality of interactions between matrix team members and to encourage member identification with the team are likely to reduce unwanted turnover behaviors. KW - Coordination KW - Employee relations KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Organizational effectiveness KW - Personnel motivation KW - Personnel retention KW - Productivity KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM93-18.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725499 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935787 AU - McLean, G A AU - Smith, L T AU - Hill, T J AU - Rubenstein, C J AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Army Medical Research and Development Command TI - PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF STRESS-INDUCED DECREMENTS IN HUMAN PERCEPTUAL PERFORMANCE PY - 1993/11 SP - 14 p. AB - Stress-induced changes in human performance have been thought to result from alterations in the "multidimensional arousal state" of the individual, as indexed by alterations in the physiological and psychological mechanisms controlling performance. Identification of such changes in substrate activities provide more complete descriptions of both the performance changes and the arousal state/mechanisms. In this study, decrements in perceptual performance were produced by independent and combined administration of atropine, sleep loss and exercise for both a visual aircraft identification task and an auditory vigilance task; measurements of performance changes were accompanied by state measures of cardiovascular function, pupillary diameter, sleep onset latency, and subject self-reports. Observed performance changes were accompanied by monotonic increases in heart rate after atropine and exercise, but not sleep loss. Moderate exercise produced blood pressure changes indicative of physical workload, but only atropine increased diastolic blood pressure and pupillary diameter relative to performance effects. Atropine and sleep loss each reduced sleep onset times to less than 50 percent control values; when combined with exercise, sleep onset times were reduced further. These reductions in general arousal were confirmed by subject self-reports of reduced attentiveness and competence. These state measures of organismic function were found to be discriminatively correlative, but not predictive, of the decrements in perceptual performance seen; however, practical combinations of appropriate real-time measurement techniques could be developed that would promote the telemetering of human physiological activity to signal performance breakdown. KW - Attention KW - Auditory perception KW - Blood pressure KW - Cardiovascular system KW - Exercise KW - Heart rate KW - Human factors KW - Human subject testing KW - Perception KW - Physiological aspects KW - Sleep deprivation KW - Stress (Psychology) KW - Vigilance KW - Visual perception KW - Workload UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM93-19.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725500 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00669080 AU - THOMAS, J AU - Timoteo, D AU - Hoang, P AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - LOS ANGELES INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM APPROACH DATA COLLECTION AND REDUCTION. PHASE 1 FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/11 SP - 72 p. AB - Position data on aircraft flying Instrument Landing System (ILS) approaches from 40 nautical miles (nmi) down to runway threshold were collected at Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) between November 26, 1991 and April 25, 1992. The purpose of the data collection was to provide an accurate database of navigational performance of aircraft flying ILS approaches at distances between 10 nmi and 32 nmi. Aircraft position data were collected using the in-place LAX surveillance primary and secondary radars. The data were reduced and analyzed at the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Technical Center by ACD-340 personnel. The discussion in this Final Report concerns the accuracy of the collected position data and possible sources of error in the data collection. KW - Aircraft landings KW - Approach control KW - Data collection KW - Data reduction KW - Instrument landing systems KW - Landing KW - Position indicators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/410691 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01099663 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Aviation System Capacity Annual Report: Expand to Meet Demand PY - 1993/10//Annual Report SP - 24p AB - The U.S. Federal Aviation administration Office of System Capacity and Requirements (ASC) is working to identify, develop, and implement initiatives that have the potential to increase the capacity of the national aviation system. In the Capacity Office, they are well aware of the importance of their job and of the need for the entire aviation community to work together so that they can accommodate current and projected air traffic demand at airports with a minimum of delay and without compromising safety or environmental considerations. KW - Air traffic KW - Air traffic capacity KW - Airport capacity KW - Airports KW - Annual reports KW - Aviation KW - Aviation safety KW - Demand KW - Environmental impacts UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19000/19024/PB2002104133.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/851850 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00667282 AU - Martin, P AU - Ware, B AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - OPERATIONAL TEST AND EVALUATION (OTE) OPERATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL EVALUATION PLAN FOR THE PROTOTYPE AIRPORT SURVEILLANCE RADAR WIND SHEAR PROCESSOR (ASR-WSP) AT ALBUQUERQUE INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT PY - 1993/10 SP - 26 p. AB - The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lincoln Laboratories (MIT-LL), operating in support of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Terminal Radar Program has developed a prototype Wind Shear Processor (WSP) modification to interface with Airport Surveillance Radars (ASR) 8 and 9. The WSP enables the ASR radars to automatically detect low altitude wind shear phenomena such as microbursts and gust fronts. This plan describes the methods, procedures, roles, and responsibilities in evaluating the operational suitability and effectiveness of an ASR-9 with the WSP modification in the high and dry climate of Albuquerque, NM. The suitability evaluation is limited to the performance of the WSP's displays in the human factors environment of the Air Traffic Control (ATC) tower. KW - Air traffic control KW - Air traffic control radar beacon system KW - Altitude KW - Human factors KW - Low altitude KW - Radar air traffic control KW - Surveillance KW - Traffic control KW - Wind shear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406281 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00667241 AU - SEGAL, H M AU - Molina, J M AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - EMISSIONS MODEL FOR GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT: USER'S GUIDE PY - 1993/10 SP - 18 p. AB - This report describes how to change Ground Support Equipment (GSE) input parameters of the Emission and Dispersion Model System (EDMS) to reflect what of investigations associated with GSE equipment changes. EDMS is a pc-based air quality impact assessment tool for airports and airbases. The GSE extension adds the capability to estimate, inventory, and report emissions from diesel and gas-powered support equipment, such as generators, fuel trucks, air conditioners, and bomb lifts. This user's guide provides a brief overview of GSE hardware and operations. It also demonstrates how to use GSE options by guiding the reader through a sample problem which adds a new GSE source to the list of GSEs and links the new GSE source to a specific aircraft. KW - Air force facilities KW - Air pollution KW - Air pollution control devices KW - Air quality management KW - Air quality measurements KW - Airports KW - Computer program documentation KW - Equipment KW - Ground handling KW - Ground support equipment KW - Manuals KW - Measurement KW - Military facilities KW - Pollutants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406243 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00579872 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - PARACHUTE RIGGER QUESTION BOOK, 1991 PY - 1993/09/01 SP - 3 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Handbooks KW - Manuals KW - Parachutes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/342525 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00579822 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AIRLINE TRANSPORT PILOT AND AIRCRAFT DISPATCHER WRITTEN TEST BOOK PY - 1993/09/01 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Airplanes KW - Education and training KW - Examinations KW - Pilotage KW - Transport aircraft KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/345103 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00576133 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FLIGHT AND GROUND INSTRUCTOR WRITTEN TEST BOOK PY - 1993/09/01 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air pilots KW - Airplanes KW - Education and training KW - Examinations KW - Flight training KW - Pilotage KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/338277 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00576288 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FLIGHT ENGINEER WRITTEN TEST BOOK PY - 1993/09/01 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air pilots KW - Airplanes KW - Education and training KW - Examinations KW - Flight training KW - Pilotage KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/338289 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935785 AU - Mertens, H W AU - Milburn, N J AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - VALIDITY OF FAA-APPROVED COLOR VISION TESTS FOR CLASS II AND CLASS III AEROMEDICAL SCREENING PY - 1993/09 SP - 14 p. AB - All clinical color vision tests currently used in the medical examination of pilots were studied regarding validity for prediction of performance on practical tests of ability to discriminate the aviation signal colors, red, green, and white given under both day and night conditions. Those same practical tests are given to pilots with color vision deficiency who apply for a waiver of the Class II or Class III color vision standards. Subjects with varying type and degree of color vision deficiency (n=122) and subjects with normal color vision (n=120) were classified with the anomaloscope and given both practical and clinical tests. The clinical color vision tests included the American Optical Company plates (1965 and 1940 Editions), AOCHRR plates (2nd Edition), Ishihara plates (14-, 16-, 24-, and 38-plate tests), Dvorine plates, Richmond plates, Farnsworth Lantern, School of Aviation Medicine Color Threshold Tester, Titmus Tester, Titmus II Tester, OPTEC 2000 Tester, and Keystone Orthoscope/Telebinocular test. The criterion tests required naming the colors of actual signals produced by the Aviation Signal Light, with the same test procedures and viewing distances used in actual practical tests. The Farnsworth Lantern and several plate tests were the best clinical tests for predicting ability to identify the colors of aviation signals. Individuals with color vision deficiency identified signal colors better at night than during the day. Recommendations for improving the disposition criteria of some clinical tests, and for discontinuing several obsolete tests are discussed. KW - Air pilots KW - Aviation medicine KW - Color blindness KW - Color vision KW - Days KW - Lanterns KW - Night vision KW - Signal lights KW - Test procedures KW - Testing equipment KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - Validity KW - Vision disorders KW - Vision tests UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM93-17.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725498 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935784 AU - Milburn, N J AU - Mertens, H W AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - VALIDATION OF AN INEXPENSIVE TEST ILLUMINANT FOR AEROMEDICAL COLOR VISION SCREENING PY - 1993/09 SP - 10 p. AB - An inexpensive illuminant for color vision screening was evaluated as a substitute for the Macbeth Easel Lamp. The Macbeth Easel Lamp is the recommended illuminant for pseudoisochromatic plate tests used in aeromedical color vision screening, but is no longer in production. Subjects included both normal trichromats (p=145) and persons with varying degrees and types of color vision deficiencies (p=152) as diagnosed with the Nagel Type I anomaloscope. Subjects were given the Dvorine Pseudo-lsochromatic Plate Test illuminated by each of the two light sources. One Verilux True Color Light tube (F15T8VLX) was installed in an adjustable fluorescent desk lamp and position at a height of 24 in above the center of the Dvorine test book to give a 270 lux illumination to match the illumination produced by the Macbeth light source. The two presentations of the Dvorine were separated by several other color vision tests. Each subject was given a different random order of plates 2-15 for each light source. Pass/Fail performance with the Dvorine test was virtually the same with the two light sources when criterion for failure was 3 or more errors. The Verilux True Color Light obtained a Kappa value of .97, and very low false positive (.021) and false negative (.006) rates when compared to the Macbeth Easel Lamp. Performance and possible applications of the Verilux True Color Light in aeromedical color vision screening are discussed. KW - Aviation medicine KW - Color vision KW - Human subject testing KW - Lamps KW - Lighting KW - Vision disorders KW - Vision tests UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM93-16.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725497 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00677942 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FAA LONG-RANGE AVIATION FORECASTS FISCAL YEARS 2005-2020 PY - 1993/09 SP - 19 p. AB - To assure consistency in agency planning, the Office of Aviation Policy, Plans, and Management Analysis provides an extension of its annual 12-year forecasts of aviation demand. Although forecast values are shown for specific years, it must be recognized that year-to-year fluctuations are difficult to forecast precisely. Therefore, the projections reflect the trend of average conditions expected during the forecast period. KW - Aviation KW - Demand KW - Economic forecasting KW - Forecasting KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/421783 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666430 AU - Stretcher, B AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL (ATC) EVALUATION OF THE PROTOTYPE TERMINAL DOPPLER WEATHER RADAR (TDWR) SYSTEM PY - 1993/09 SP - 23 p. AB - This report details the results of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) operational evaluation of the Prototype Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR). The evaluation was conducted by the controllers and supervisors at the Orlando International Airport (NCO), Orlando, Florida. The purpose of the test was to obtain the controller's and supervisor's evaluation of the Geographical Situation Display (GSD) and the Ribbon Display Terminal (RDT) installed at the air traffic control tower (ATCT). KW - Air traffic control radar beacon system KW - Airport control towers KW - Doppler navigation KW - Geographical situation display KW - Radar air traffic control KW - Systems analysis KW - Terminal air traffic control KW - Weather reporting KW - Weather stations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405925 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935783 AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Galaxy Scientific Corporation TI - HUMAN FACTORS IN AVIATION MAINTENANCE--PHASE THREE, VOLUME I PROGRESS REPORT PY - 1993/08 SP - 167 p. AB - The third phase of research on human factors in aviation maintenance continued to look at the human's role in the aviation maintenance system via investigations, demonstrations, and evaluations of the research program outputs. This report describes an evaluation of a computer-based training simulation for troubleshooting an airliner environmental control system and an evaluation of the aircraft maintenance visual environment. A job aid for aviation safety inspectors is also reported on, along with an evaluation of pen computers considered for the job aid. This progress report also describes research on ergonomic factors related to posture and fatigue; identification of characteristics of personnel best suited for inspection-oriented jobs; redesign of work control cards; and visual inspection and training alternatives in aviation maintenance. KW - Aviation KW - Aviation safety KW - Civil aircraft KW - Computer aided instruction KW - Demonstration projects KW - Environmental control KW - Ergonomics KW - Evaluation KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Handheld computers KW - Human factors KW - Inspection KW - Maintenance KW - Posture KW - Research projects KW - Selection and appointment KW - Training KW - Training simulators KW - Troubleshooting UR - http://libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/human-factors-in-aviation-maintenance/reports/Phase3v1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725496 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00667351 AU - Rehman, A J AU - Mogford, R H AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AIRBORNE DATA LINK OPERATIONAL EVALUATION TEST PLAN PY - 1993/08 SP - 47 p. AB - This plan describes and end-to-end study of operational concepts and procedures associated with the introduction of electronic data communications between flight crews and air traffic controllers. Full performance controllers from terminal facilities will interact with type-related line pilots in four cockpit simulators networked into the Federal Aviation Administration Technical Center's Air Traffic Control Laboratory. Measures of human performance will gain insight into flight crew alerting, display, placement, and the utility of voice annunciation of Data Link Messages. Direct measures of workload, communications efficiency, Data Link attention time, and aircraft state will be gathered and translated into recommendations for the cockpit display configuration. KW - Air traffic control KW - Airline pilots KW - Data communications KW - Data links KW - Electronic navigation KW - Electronic navigation aids KW - Flight crews KW - Human factors KW - Personnel performance KW - Pilot performance UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/1000/1300/1300/tn93_30.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406309 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00638731 AU - Gilliland, K AU - Schlegel, R E AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - READINESS TO PERFORM TESTING: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPT AND CURRENT PRACTICES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/08 SP - 78 p. AB - Readiness to Perform (RTP) testing has become an increasingly popular alternative to biochemical screening as a method for assessing risk factors (i.e., drug, alcohol, fatigue, etc.) in the workplace. The focus of RTP testing is on the assessment of worker performance capability prior to job engagement. Thus, RTP testing is a method of assessing the state of preparedness of workers for performing their jobs. Unfortunately, RTP testing is being distributed and applied in the workplace despite a lack of knowledge regarding its conceptual basis and use. This report summarizes a project that investigated the conceptual and methodological foundations of RTP testing. Based on their expertise and background in task battery research, development, and validation, the authors explored the principles and empirical research on which the concept and methods of RTP testing appear to be based. This evaluation included literature reviews, methodological assessments, and an analysis of popular RTP measures. This report first provides a brief review of some of the background for RTP testing and attempts the difficult task of defining RTP. The report then focuses on specific issues and problems in conceptualizing and implementing RTP testing. Among the numerous issues addressed are the more important comprehensive factors of determining the appropriate criteria for RTP prediction and establishing the validity of RTP through various forms of empirical research. In addition, a number of the problems associated with implementing RTP testing are presented. Some examples of these problems are: testing methodology, comparative standards, time limits in testing, general versus restricted populations, and the hidden costs of RTP testing. Finally, this report includes two supporting literature reviews of areas that form the rational foundation for RTP testing. One review provides a summary of some of the major computerized performance assessment batteries from which many of the current RTP measures were derived. The other review surveys research literature on the influence of selected risk factors on human performance. KW - Alcohol abuse KW - Drug abuse KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Guides to the literature KW - Human performance KW - Literature reviews KW - Personnel KW - Personnel performance KW - Readiness-to-perform testing KW - Risk assessment UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM93-13.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380404 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935781 AU - Young, J W AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - HEAD AND FACE ANTHROPOMETRY OF ADULT U.S. CITIZENS PY - 1993/07 SP - 44 p. AB - This report presents a total of 17 traditional and 5 new head and facial dimensions from a random composite U.S. female and male civilian population measured over a period of 30 years. The 5 new measurements, identified to describe specific anatomical relationships of the face, can have a direct influence on equipment design concepts. The survey population includes 367 (195 females and 172 males) adult subjects in the age range of 17 through 69 years representing a predominantly high ratio of Caucasian subjects to other ethnic origin subjects. The data summary format is specifically intended for basic design concept use. These dimensions describe essential anatomical characteristics for use as basic design criteria in the development of protective equipment for the head and face. Because of the lack of standardization of anatomical and anthropometrical terminology, a thesaurus of selected anatomical and anthropometrical terms, specific to descriptive labels used in this report, is provided as a cross reference for anthropometrical dimensions. KW - Adults KW - Anatomical models KW - Anthropometry KW - Definitions KW - Design KW - Face KW - Females KW - Head KW - Males KW - Measurement KW - Safety equipment KW - Whites UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM93-10.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725494 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935782 AU - Nakagawara, V B AU - Wood, K J AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AVIATION ACCIDENT RISK FOR AIRMEN WITH APHAKIA AND ARTIFICIAL LENS IMPLANTS PY - 1993/07 SP - 16 p. AB - Airmen with aphakia and intraocular (IOL) implants who, on a case-by-case basis may obtain a waiver for a medical certificate, have been previously associated with higher aviation accident rates when compared to the total civil airman population. This study analyzes the accident frequencies of these civil airmen for a 4-year period (1982-95). Medical records were evaluated for all certified airmen who carried Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)-specific pathology codes for aphakia and artificial lens implants during the study period. Aviation accident and active airman population frequencies were obtained from FAA databases. The entire population of aphakia and IOL airmen and those under 50 years of age had significantly higher accident rates than the corresponding non-aphakic airman population. Aeromedical certification considerations of the study findings are discussed. Further investigations into additional confounding factors between the aphakic and non-aphakic populations are recommended. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Aphakia KW - Aviation medicine KW - Certification KW - Civil aviation KW - Crash rates KW - Crash risk forecasting KW - Flight personnel KW - Lenses (Optics) KW - Medical records KW - Vision disorders UR - http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a268389.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725495 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00667240 AU - SEGAL, H M AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - EDMS MICROCOMPUTER POLLUTION MODEL FOR CIVILIAN AIRPORTS AND AIR FORCE BASES: USER'S GUIDE SUPPLEMENT A PY - 1993/07 SP - 28 p. AB - This supplement announces the incorporation of the latest aircraft emission database (EPA, 1992) and the latest motor vehicle emission database (Mobile 5a) into the Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS). (The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 require that the latest emission information be used to establish the Conformity of an airport improvement project with the State Implementation Plan.) This supplement also documents the following model enhancements: 1) an expansion of the emissions inventory portion of the model to accommodate ground support equipment and airport spray painting facilities; 2) the condensation of the emissions report into a one page printout; 3) the summarizing of calculated concentrations into hourly average time periods associated with each pollutant; 4) the access of the dispersion output file (disperse.out) directly from the menu; 5) the addition of a gridding algorithm designed to permit the entry of up to 200 receptors into the model; 6) the expansion of the example problem procedure to accommodate gridding. KW - Air pollution KW - Airport noise KW - Clean Air Act Amendments KW - Clean air act amendments 1990 KW - Dispersions KW - Environmental impact analysis KW - Environmental impacts KW - Microcomputers KW - Models-simulation KW - Pollution KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406242 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666378 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - TERMINAL AREA FORECASTS, FY 1993-2005 PY - 1993/07 SP - 583 p. AB - This report contains forecasts of aviation activity of 873 airports in the United States for fiscal years 1993-2005. These include 401 airports with FAA air traffic control services and 27 FAA contract towers. For each airport, detailed forecasts are made for the four major users of the air traffic system: air carriers, air taxi/commuters, general aviation, and military. Summary tables contain national, FAA regional, and state aviation data and other airport specific highlights. The forecasts have been prepared to meet the budget and planning needs of the FAA and to provide airport-specific information that can be used by state and local aviation authorities, the aviation industry, and the general public. KW - Air taxi service KW - Air transportation KW - Aircraft operations KW - Airlines KW - Airport forecasts KW - Airports KW - Aviation KW - Commuter aircraft KW - Forecasting KW - General aviation KW - Military aviation KW - Terminal operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405886 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00636424 AU - Janoo, V AU - Bayer, J AU - Walsh, M AU - U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - THERMAL STRESS MEASUREMENTS IN ASPHALT CONCRETE PY - 1993/07 SP - 35 p. AB - Asphalt concrete (AC) pavements in cold regions are prone to thermal cracking. There are two theories to explain this. The first one is that at some low temperature, the thermal stress in the pavement structure exceeds the tensile strength of the mixture, usually in the winter. The second is that the AC mixture fails through thermal fatigue that is caused by daily temperature cycling. There are many ways of characterizing AC performance at low temperatures, and this report summarizes the different failure criteria and test methods for doing this. One test method described here that CRREL has developed is a thermal stress test device for measuring thermally induced stresses in the laboratory. The device can be used for monotonic and cyclic loading, while various temperature drop rates can be applied to the specimen. The calibration of the test apparatus, loading pattern and specimen configuration used are described and typical results are presented. KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Failure KW - Failure criteria KW - Frigid regions KW - Laboratory tests KW - Low temperature KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement performance KW - Tensile strength KW - Test procedures KW - Testing equipment KW - Thermal fatigue KW - Thermal stresses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/379919 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666336 AU - McGuire, R J AU - Nissley, W J AU - Newcomb, J E AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - VERTICAL DROP TEST OF A METRO III AIRCRAFT PY - 1993/06 SP - 80 p. AB - A commuter category Fairchild Metro III fuselage and windbox assembly was subjected to a vertical impact test at the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, NJ. The purpose of the test was to measure the structural response of the fuselage, floor, cabin furnishing (including standard and modified seats) and anthropomorphic dummies. The test was conducted to simulate the potentially survivable impact conditions of an actual crash. The airframe was dropped from 11.2 feet and impacted at a velocity of 26.32 feet per second (ft/sec.) The test weight simulated an airplane configuration that was approximately 1,450 pounds less than the maximum zero fuel weight (13,100 pounds) of the airplane with a 14,100-pound maximum takeoff weight. Acceleration, load and deflection data were collected throughout the test. Instrumentation was located on the fuselage, floor, seats, and within the anthropomorphic test dummies. The vertical impact test resulted in peak accelerations of gravity (g) ranging from 40g to 60 g throughout the airframe. KW - Airplanes KW - Commuter airlines KW - Crashworthiness KW - Drop tests KW - Flow KW - Impact tests KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural mechanics KW - Structural response KW - Vertical flow UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405861 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00663080 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - U.S. CIVIL AIRMEN STATISTICS: CALENDAR YEAR 1992 PY - 1993/06 SP - v.p. AB - This report contains calendar year statistics on pilots and nonpilots and the number of certificates issued. It also contains counts of pilots and nonpilots by state and county. KW - Air pilots KW - Certification KW - Civil aviation KW - Flight training KW - Helicopters KW - Private enterprise KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406633 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00647029 AU - Adkisson, L AU - Jones, J AU - Jackson, J AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY FOR AIRWAY FACILITIES MAINTENANCE TRAINING PY - 1993/06 SP - 32 p. AB - The phase one activities of a three-phase research plan are described. The first activity investigated the status of advanced technology in currently available Airway Facilities (AF) computer-based maintenance training. The second activity applied simulation, Expert System, and Intelligent Tutoring Technology in developing a prototype system for trouble shooting proficiency training. KW - Airways KW - Computer aided instruction KW - Expert systems KW - Maintenance personnel KW - Prototypes KW - Technological innovations KW - Training KW - Troubleshooting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386994 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935780 AU - Rodgers, M D AU - Blanchard, R E AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ACCIDENT PRONENESS: A RESEARCH REVIEW PY - 1993/05 SP - 6 p. AB - Accident proneness is a concept that refers to an enduring or stable personality characteristic that predisposes an individual toward having accidents (Haddon, Suchman, and Klein, 1964). The concept is controversial and has sustained a lively debate in the literature over the past 75 years. For the most part, though, continual interest has been fueled by poor experimental procedures, misinterpretation of previously reported results, the need to assign blame to individuals, and a rather curious doggedness in attempting to establish a relationship between accidents and personality traits, despite the lack of supporting scientific evidence. This paper reports the origins of the notion of accident proneness and reviews the studies that purport to support or refute it. KW - Accident proneness KW - Literature reviews KW - Personality KW - Psychology KW - Test procedures UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM93-09.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725493 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935779 AU - Chaturvedi, A K AU - Endecott, B R AU - Ritter, R M AU - Sanders, D C AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - VARIATIONS IN TIME-TO-INCAPACITATION AND BLOOD CYANIDE VALUES FOR RATS EXPOSED TO TWO HYDROGEN CYANIDE GAS CONCENTRATIONS PY - 1993/05 SP - 20 p. AB - It has been suggested that protective breathing devices protect aircraft passengers from combustion products for 5 min. during evacuation and for 35 min. during in-flight-plus-evacuation. Hydrogen cyanide (HCN), a combustion gas, produces incapacitation at relatively low concentrations, and time-to-incapacitation (ti) is an applicable index for predicting escape from a fire. Variations in ti and blood cyanide (CN-) at specific HCN gas exposure concentrations have not been evaluated. Therefore, ti and blood CN- at ti for two HCN concentrations that produce 5- and 35-min ti were determined in laboratory rats. Blood CN- levels as a function of HCN exposure time were measured. Animals were individually exposed to HCN gas in a chamber equipped with a rotating cage, and ti was recorded as the time from insertion of the animal into the cage until it could no longer walk. At incapacitation and at selected intervals prior to ti, rats were quickly removed from the cage and killed for blood collection and CN- quantitation. Chamber HCN concentrations were monitored during the exposures. For the 5-min. test, HCN gas = 184 ppm, ti = 5.1 min., and blood CN- = 2.3 mg/mL; for the 35-min. test, HCN gas = 64 ppm, ti = 31.1 min., and blood CN=4.2 mg/mL. Blood CN- levels increased as a function of HCN exposure time, but the blood CN- level at the 5-min. ti was half of the 35-min. blood CN- level; the HCN gas uptake rate at 184 ppm was about 3 times that at 64 ppm. These findings suggest that the blood CN- level at incapacitation may vary substantially, depending upon the HCN exposure concentration; an equation is proposed for predicting blood CN- levels in rats. KW - Blood cyanide level KW - Breathing apparatus KW - Combustion KW - Cyanides KW - Evacuation KW - Fire KW - Laboratory animals KW - Laboratory studies KW - Poisonous gases KW - Rats KW - Time periods KW - Time-to-incapacitation UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM93-08.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725492 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935778 AU - Sanders, D C AU - Endecott, B R AU - Ritter, R M AU - Chaturvedi, A K AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - VARIATIONS OF TIME-TO-INCAPACITATION AND CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN VALUES IN RATS EXPOSED TO TWO CARBON MONOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS PY - 1993/05 SP - 19 p. AB - It has been suggested that passenger protective breathing equipment protect aircraft passengers from smoke for 5 min during an evacuation phase and for 35 min during an in-flight-plus-evacuation phase. Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the most abundant smoke components and is the major threat in most fire atmospheres. Time-to-incapacitation (ti) is an end-point related to escape from a fire, and variations in ti measurements at specific CO concentrations have not been statistically documented. Therefore, variance in ti at two CO concentrations that produce 5- and 35-min ti in rats were determined; blood carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) saturation at ti was measured. Fifty rats were individually exposed to each CO concentration in a chamber equipped with a rotating cage, and ti was recorded as the time from insertion of the animal into the cage until it could no longer walk. In another set of experiments, blood COHb saturation was determined in rats exposed to these CO concentrations at stepwise intervals less than ti. At incapacitation and at the end of each exposure interval, rats were quickly removed from the cage and killed for blood collection and COHb quantitation. Values (mean) for measured parameters were: For the 5-min ti study, CO = 5706 ppm, ti = 5.0 min, and COHb = 80.8%. For the 35-min ti study, CO = 1902 ppm, ti = 34.8 min, and COHb = 71.2%. COHb levels tended to plateau prior to incapacitation. Coefficients of variation for ti were 7.2% and 19.5% for the 5- and 35-min study, respectively. The significant difference in the two COHb levels and the approach of COHb to a maximal level before incapacitation suggest that blood COHb saturation levels may not necessarily be indicative of the onset of incapacitation. KW - Aircraft KW - Blood carbon monoxide levels KW - Breathing apparatus KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Evacuation KW - Fires KW - Laboratory animals KW - Laboratory studies KW - Passengers KW - Rats KW - Smoke KW - Time-to-incapacitation KW - Toxicology UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM93-07.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725491 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935776 AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Galaxy Scientific Corporation TI - HUMAN FACTORS IN AVIATION MAINTENANCE--PHASE TWO PROGRESS REPORT PY - 1993/04 SP - 199 p. AB - In this second phase of research on Human Factors in Aviation Maintenance, the emphasis has evolved from problem definition to development of demonstrations and prototypes. These demonstrations include a computer-based training simulation for troubleshooting an airliner environmental control system and a software system to store and display documents. The report describes laboratory and workplace evaluations of workcards, lighting, experimental systems for inspection training, and the initial effects of communication training for maintenance workers. A chapter of the Human Factors Guide for Aircraft Maintenance is described. KW - Aviation KW - Civil aircraft KW - Communications KW - Computer aided instruction KW - Data storage KW - Demonstration projects KW - Documents KW - Environmental control KW - Evaluation KW - Human factors KW - Inspection KW - Lighting KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance personnel KW - Prototypes KW - Software KW - Training KW - Troubleshooting UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM93-05.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725489 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935777 AU - Wilcox, B AU - McLean, G AU - England, H AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - COMPARISON OF PORTABLE CREWMEMBER PROTECTIVE BREATHING EQUIPMENT (PPBE) DESIGNS PY - 1993/04 SP - 12 p. AB - Crewmember protective breathing equipment (CPBE) presently certified for transport category aircraft employ three types of oxygen production systems: chlorate candle, potassium superoxide, and compressed oxygen. CPBE performance was evaluated to expose significant differences based on this distinction. CPBE tests employing humans were conducted in accordance with Federal Aviation Administration Technical Standard Order C-116. All CPBE were tested for oxygen production, carbon dioxide concentration, internal temperature, moisture, and breathing resistance for 15 minutes at ground level (1,300 ft) and cabin altitude (8,000 ft), while subjects exercised. All CPBE produced a mean oxygen level of at least 59% and maintained carbon dioxide level below 5% at ground level. Differences in internal temperature and humidity were found. Performance at altitude generally paralleled these findings. Oxygen and carbon dioxide levels provide little discrimination about the relative merits of particular CPBE. However, differences in the wearability of CPBE, based on internal temperature, humidity, and weight, were dependent on the type of CPBE oxygen production system. KW - Altitude KW - Breathing apparatus KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Chlorate candle KW - Compressed oxygen KW - Flight crews KW - Human subject testing KW - Humidity KW - Oxygen equipment KW - Potassium superoxide KW - Temperature KW - Transport aircraft KW - Weight UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM93-06.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725490 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935775 AU - Schroeder, D J AU - Broach, D AU - Young, W C AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - CONTRIBUTIONS OF PERSONALITY MEASURES TO PREDICTING SUCCESS OF TRAINEES IN THE AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SPECIALIST NONRADAR SCREEN PROGRAM PY - 1993/04 SP - 32 p. AB - Reviews have consistently concluded that the validity of personality as a predictor of job performance is low. However, Barrick and Mount's (1991) meta-analysis of studies of personality and job performance demonstrated the utility of the "Big Five" model of personality in personnel selection and training. This study was designed to evaluate the utility of personality in predicting student success in the Federal Aviation Administration's Air Traffic Control Specialist (ATCS) Nonradar Screen Program ("the Screen"). The Screen follows the miniature training, testing, and evaluation paradigm, in which individuals with no prior knowledge of the occupation are taught critical aspects of the job and then assessed on a pass/fail basis for their potential to succeed as controllers. The NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) was administered to 723 men and 307 women at entry into the 9-week Screen. NEO-PI scale scores and cognitive aptitude measures were used to predict final composite scores (COMP) of students. Men and women air traffic students exhibited lower average scores in Neuroticism, higher average scores in Extroversion, Openness to Experience, and Conscientiousness, and no difference on Agreeableness when compared to normative samples. Correlations between the personality scales and COMP were low for both sexes. Despite the lower zero-order correlations, several of the personality facets proved useful in a regression equation, explaining an additional 3% of variance in performance over that explained by cognitive aptidude measures. These included Excitement-seeking, Fantasy, Activity, and Ideas. While these results were not entirely consistent with Barrick and Mount, they do offer some support for the role of personality variables in the prediction of success in the ATCS Screen. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Aptitude tests KW - Correlation analysis KW - Human subject testing KW - Performance evaluations KW - Personality KW - Personnel performance KW - Regression analysis KW - Selection and appointment KW - Training UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM93-04.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725488 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00667350 AU - Stein, E S AU - Garland, D AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER WORKING MEMORY: CONSIDERATIONS IN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TACTICAL OPERATIONS PY - 1993/03 SP - 71 p. AB - The Air Traffic Control (ATC) environment is characterized by a continuous sequence of ever-changing, transient information, such as a series of aircraft being handled by an air traffic controller which must be encoded and retained, primarily, for tactical use (3 to 5 minutes) and secondarily, for strategic planning. This information is complicated by the limitations and constraints of human memory, in particular, working memory. Working memory can potentially degrade performance. The primary objective of this report is to raise an awareness of the memory requirements of ATC tactical operations by presenting information on working memory processes that are relevant to ATC tasks, and the vulnerability of these processes to disruption. This report focuses on developing an understanding of the role working memory plays in air trafic controller performance by emphasizing the constraints, and the factors that may overcome or minimize memory loss of critical ATC information. KW - Air traffic control KW - Human factors KW - Memory KW - Memory enhancements KW - Operator performance KW - Personnel performance KW - Working memory UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406308 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935774 AU - Antunano, M J AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - INDEX OF INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATIONS IN AEROSPACE MEDICINE PY - 1993/02 SP - 23 p. AB - The Index of International Publications in Aerospace Medicine is a comprehensive listing of international publications in clinical aerospace medicine, operational aerospace medicine, aerospace physiology, environmental medicine/physiology, diving medicine/physiology, aerospace human factors, as well as other important topics directly- or indirectly-related to aerospace medicine. The Index is divided into six major sections: I) Open Publications in General Aerospace Medicine; II) Government Publications in General Aerospace Medicine; III) Publications in other Topics related to Aerospace Medicine; IV) Proceedings from Scientific Meetings, Conferences, and Symposiums in Aerospace Medicine; V) Journals, Newsletters, and Bulletins in Aerospace Medicine; VI) Online Computerized Databases containing Bibliographic Information in Aerospace Medicine and Related Disciplines. KW - Aviation medicine KW - Bibliographies KW - Conferences KW - Databases KW - Diving KW - Environmental sciences KW - Governments KW - Human factors KW - Indexes (Information management) KW - International KW - Meetings KW - Physiology UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM93-03.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725487 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935772 AU - Rodgers, M D AU - Drechsler, G K AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - CONVERSION OF THE CTA, INC., EN ROUTE OPERATIONS CONCEPTS DATABASE INTO A FORMAL SENTENCE OUTLINE JOB TASK TAXONOMY PY - 1993/01 SP - 76 p. AB - FAA Air Traffic Control Operations Concepts Volume VI: ARTCC-Host En Route Controllers (1990), a technical description of the duties of an en route air traffic control specialist (ATCS) formatted in user interface language, was restructured into a hierarchical formal sentence outline. To ensure that none of the meaning associated with a task or task element was lost during the conversion, the revised document was reviewed by subject matter experts (SMEs) consisting of five groups of six en route controllers and a quality assurance subject matter expert. SMEs looked for words, phrases, or acronyms not commonly used by en route controllers, and illogical sequencing of duties described in the document. Appropriate suggestions for change were implemented into the document before the next review. Five-hundred seventy-five changes were made to the document, with only two of these changes made during the final review, confirming that an improved document resulted from the research. The restructured document is intended to assist in the identification of tasks not performed or performed incorrectly during the commission of an operational error. However, an easily understood, detailed description of duties performed by an en route ATCS has potential not only for use by researchers interested in en route ATCS tasks, but also by quality assurance investigation teams and training personnel. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Computer programming languages KW - CTA, Incorporated KW - Databases KW - Enroute traffic control KW - Human error KW - Operations KW - Quality assurance KW - Task analysis KW - Taxonomy KW - Training KW - User interfaces (Computer science) UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM93-01.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725485 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935773 AU - Collins, W E AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - A REVIEW OF CIVIL AVIATION PROPELLER-TO-PERSON ACCIDENTS: 1980-1989 PY - 1993/01 SP - 10 p. AB - Various types of paint schemes on aircraft propeller and rotor blades are used to improve the visual conspicuity and attention-getting value of those blades when they are rotating. The improved conspicuity resulting from the paint schemes has the purpose of reducing the number of injuries and fatalities that might occur due to accidental contact with a rotating blade by pilots, passengers, or ground crew. The present study was undertaken to provide information regarding the circumstances surrounding such accidents in recent years and to compare those findings with the frequency and circumstances of propeller accidents during the 1965-1979 period. Computer retrievals of brief reports of all propeller accidents during the period from 1980 through 1989 were provided by the National Transportation Safety Board. Those reports were examined and analyzed in terms of type of accident, degree of injury, actions of pilots, action of passengers and ground crew, night or day, and other conditions. The computer search yielded a total of 104 reports of "propeller-to-person" accidents involving 106 persons. "Prop-to-person" accident frequency for the 1980-1989 period was notably lower than that previously reported for the 1960's and 1970's. Recent declines appear due to a combination of Federal Aviation Administration educational efforts, economic conditions, and changes in the types of aircraft used by present aviation pilots. Irrespective of the decade under study, persons at most risk for a propeller-to-person accident are deplaning passengers and passengers attempting to assist the pilot prior to takeoff and after landing. KW - Air pilots KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Civil aviation KW - Crash analysis KW - Crash characteristics KW - Crash data KW - Crash reports KW - Economic conditions KW - Ground crews KW - Injuries KW - Landing KW - Paint KW - Passengers KW - Propeller blades KW - Rotor blades KW - Safety education KW - Takeoff KW - Time periods KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - Visibility UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM93-02.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725486 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070666 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Sky Harbor international airport, master plan update improvements : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Final Appendix KW - Arizona KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830051 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070525 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Memphis international airport : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft, Draft Appendix, Supplement to the draft, Final(3v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/829910 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823000 AU - Wu, C-L AU - Todres, H A AU - Bock, B T AU - Purdue University TI - COMPARISON OF ROLLER COMPACTED CONCRETE PAVEMENT RESPONSES TO STATIC AND DYNAMIC LOADS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 293-325 AB - This study aimed to compare roller compacted concrete (RCC) pavement responses to static and dynamic loads. Two sets of non-destructive load testing were performed on RCC pavements, one using static and the other dynamic loading. A back-calculation procedure for estimating concrete pavement parameters is also presented. The RCC pavements were located at Moran Terminal, Boston, Massachusetts, and consisted of an RCC layer of 38 cm, a 23-cm gravel subbase, and a compacted subgrade. The RCC layer was constructed in 3 lifts from bottom to top of 14, 14, and 10 cm. Four slabs were selected for testing. Strains and deflections were measured for static loading tests. A Benkelman beam was used for measuring the static load induced by deflections. Deflection basins were determined during heavy weight deflectometer tests. Load transfer efficiency at cracks and construction joints was also measured for both tests. The back-calculation procedure was demonstrated to be satisfactory in estimating in situ pavement material properties. Using estimated RCC elastic moduli and estimated moduli of subgrade reaction, the stresses in the slabs caused by the static loads were computed by finite element method and compared to field measured stresses. It was found that the computed stresses were always greater than the measured values. A factor of safety of about 4% can be expected when heavy weight deflectometer data is used in place of static vehicle test data in rigid pavement analysis and design. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Backcalculation KW - Conferences KW - Dynamic loads KW - Finite element method KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Moran Terminal (Boston, Massachusetts) KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pavement performance KW - Rigid pavements KW - Roller compacted concrete pavements KW - Static loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716109 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00822999 AU - Jameson, G W AU - Sharp, K G AU - Rollings, R S AU - Purdue University TI - AN INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF ROLLER COMPACTED CONCRETE IN A HEAVILY-TRAFFICKED, HIGH-SPEED APPLICATION IN AUSTRALIA PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 281-292 AB - This paper describes a trial of roller compacted concrete (RCC) pavement in a high-speed traffic application in Melbourne, Australia. The trial was unique as the use of RCC has generally been confined to low-speed, heavy-duty applications due to the perceived difficulties in constructing it to a sufficiently high rideability standard when used as a wearing surface in high-speed applications. The construction of the pavement and problems encountered during construction are described, as are results of acceptance testing and other tests conducted on the mix. The results of an evaluation of the characteristics of the pavement surface since 1988 are presented in detail. Changes made to the materials and construction specifications as a result of the trial, especially with respect to compressive strength, moisture content, and construction techniques, are reported. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete tests KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Melbourne (Australia) KW - Pavement performance KW - Ride quality KW - Roller compacted concrete pavements KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Types of roads by traffic volume UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716108 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00822990 AU - Verhoeven, K AU - Vancraeynest, Y AU - Purdue University TI - THIN STEEL FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE OVERLAYS AND INLAYS ON OLD PAVEMENTS: A TEN-YEAR BELGIAN EXPERIENCE PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 203-210 AB - The exceptional technical characteristics of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) enable a more efficient use of the concrete, so that SFRC floorings are usually thinner under the same load than floorings using reinforcement mats. This article discusses the Belgian experience of using SFRC in older pavement overlays and inlays, and also looks at other SFRC applications in roadways, airport pavements, and parking areas. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Airport runways KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Belgium KW - Conferences KW - Fiber reinforced concrete KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Parking lots KW - Pavement components KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Reinforced concrete pavements KW - Steel fibers KW - Surface course (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716099 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00822997 AU - Brett, D M AU - Petrie, R E AU - Matthews, S AU - Purdue University TI - THE PERFORMANCE OF RCC PAVEMENTS IN AUSTRALIA PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 263-270 AB - Since late 1986, Australia has been involved in the development of modern roller compacted concrete (RCC) pavements, with a number of projects being completed. These Australian efforts were among the earliest RCC pavements to include purposely designed contraction joints. A range of mix designs has been used with cementitious materials including silica fume and fly ash. This paper describes the current status of several of the earlier Australian pavement projects, as noted by the authors on recent inspections. The performance characteristics noted, such as wear, cracking, and structural failures are described and put into context with the design and construction of the pavements. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Australia KW - Conferences KW - Contraction joints KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement joints KW - Pavement performance KW - Road construction KW - Roller compacted concrete pavements KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716106 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00822998 AU - Kokubu, K AU - Ueno, A AU - KONDOH, T AU - Purdue University TI - STUDIES ON COMPACTIBILITY AND ITS TEST METHOD OF EXTREMELY DRY CONCRETE USED FOR ROLLER COMPACTED CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 271-280 AB - This paper reports on a fundamental study on the compactibility of roller compacted concrete (RCC) pavements. Samples of RCC were consolidated with a magnetic table vibrator. The settlement of fresh concrete during vibration was measured at very short intervals of time and was input into a personal computer. The data was next converted to consolidation curves, which show the process of the increase in the filled volume ratio due to the vibrating energy. The consolidation curves vary depending on the materials used and the mix proportions, and are expressed as a function. The consolidation behavior can be explained by 4 indices derived from the consolidation function. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Compactibility KW - Concrete pavements KW - Concrete tests KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement performance KW - Roller compacted concrete pavements KW - Vibration tests KW - Vibratory compaction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716107 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00822991 AU - Shilstone, J M AU - Purdue University TI - THE CONCRETE MIXTURE: THE KEY TO PAVEMENT DURABILITY PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 211-216 AB - This paper deals with the non quantitative aspects of concrete durability. The focus is on the subject of concrete deterioration based on environmental factors. Current practices, engineering the durability mixture, factors affecting durability, construction rheology, the effects of the aggregate, and development of the mixture model are the main topics discussed. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete aggregates KW - Concrete mixing KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Durability KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Rheological properties UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716100 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00822994 AU - Petersson, O AU - Purdue University TI - THIN CONCRETE OVERLAYS ON OLD ASPHALT ROADS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 241-246 AB - This paper provides a summary of a state-of-the-art report developed for the "Thin Concrete on Asphalt" project, a joint effort of the Stockholm Regional Road Administration, Cementa AB, and the Swedish Cement and Concrete Research Institute. The project aimed to construct a test road in the Stockholm area in 1993, designed to aid in studying various design alternatives for asphalt concrete pavements damaged by large volumes of traffic with studded tires. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Asphalt concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Stockholm (Sweden) KW - Studded tires KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Sweden KW - Thin Concrete on Asphalt Project (Sweden) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716103 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00822995 AU - Risser, R J AU - Lahue, S P AU - Voigt, G F AU - Mack, James W AU - Purdue University TI - ULTRA-THIN CONCRETE OVERLAYS ON EXISTING ASPHALT PAVEMENT PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 247-254 AB - In 1991, an experimental project was undertaken on a Louisville, Kentucky, landfill access road. The aim was to evaluate the feasibility of concrete whitetopping overlays less than 4 inches thick for residential streets, parking, and other low-volume applications. The landfill site provided accelerated loading conditions and weight-monitored truck traffic data. Two sections with different thicknesses were built, one 2 inches and the other 3.5 inches. The experiment also employed unconventional 6-foot and 2-foot joint patterns. These constituted the major variables of the test project. The landfill traffic conditions necessitated fast track construction of the thin overlay experiment, with the access road closed over 1 weekend and giving just a 41.5 hour window to complete the construction work. This paper describes the ultra-thin overlay performance, discusses the influence of the joint spacing and the overlay bonding on the bending stress conditions within the overlay slabs, and also documents the design and construction of the overall project. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Kentucky KW - Low volume roads KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement joints KW - Pavement performance KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Whitetopping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716104 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00822996 AU - Silfwerbrand, J AU - Petersson, O AU - Purdue University TI - THIN CONCRETE INLAYS ON OLD CONCRETE ROADS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 255-260 AB - The aim of this paper is to evaluate thin concrete overlays as a repair method on heavily worn down concrete roads. Research was conducted on a test section in the south of Sweden, and fiber reinforced high strength concrete was used. Bond strength tests showed a good bond between old and new concrete. The results of creep and shrinkage tests are also discussed. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete overlays KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Sweden UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716105 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00822992 AU - Salcedo, M A AU - Scholer, C F AU - Dolch, W L AU - Purdue University TI - IDENTIFICATION OF COARSE AGGREGATES PRONE TO SURFACE DETERIORATION AND D-CRACKING IN CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 217-223 AB - Coarse aggregates have long been recognized as potential sources of deterioration of concrete exposed to freezing and thawing action. Deterioration of pavements may take place as pitting, pop-outs, and varying extents of D-cracking. The negative effects of deleterious aggregates can occur even if the cement paste is protected by an adequate entrained air system. In this paper, the negative effects of coarse aggregates on the durability of concrete pavements are discussed based on observations of several Indiana pavements in which argillaceous aggregates were used. The research aimed to: determine the existence of any osmotic effect and its possible influence as a contributing cause of surface deterioration; and analyze the response mechanism due to freezing of one rock specimen vacuum saturated with salt solution. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Air entrained concrete KW - Cement paste KW - Coarse aggregates KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Durability KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Indiana KW - Osmosis KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Surface phenomena UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716101 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00822993 AU - Hall, K T AU - Darter, M I AU - Seiler, W J AU - Purdue University TI - IMPROVED DESIGN OF UNBONDED CONCRETE OVERLAYS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 227-240 AB - Unbonded concrete overlays (UCO) provide long-lasting rehabilitation for deteriorated concrete pavements. However, concerns over thickness and joint design of UCO hinder their more widespread use. This paper reviews the existing approaches to unbonded overlay thickness design, examines actual field behavior and long-term performance of these overlays, and presents a framework for an improved design approach that relates design to performance. Four approaches to unbonded overlay design are considered and evaluated with respect to their theoretical bases, inherent assumptions, sensitivity to various design inputs, and compatibility with actual field performance of unbonded overlays. Recommendations are given for further research needed to fully develop better methods for unbonded overlay analysis and design. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716102 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821298 AU - Grandhaie, F AU - Granju, J L AU - Ringot, E AU - Purdue University TI - DURABILITY OF PAVEMENT REPAIRS: POINT OF VIEW ABOUT THE ROLE OF FIBERS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 195-202 AB - This paper describes a research program aimed at establishing the factors that give a good durability to pavement repairs made with metallic fiber-reinforced concrete. The experimental study shows that fibers, as they do not significantly reduce the shrinkage of concrete, have a positive effect by enhancing its relaxation and creep capacity. Conversely, the indirect effects of cracking which may be of major importance must not be ignored. A finite element study shows that, among these effects, the stresses induced by the passage of vehicles, very dependent on the cracking characteristics, give a significant advantage to the fiber reinforced overlays. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Airport runways KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Fiber reinforced concrete KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714762 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821296 AU - Hendrikx, L AU - Denayer, J AU - De Puysseleyr, P AU - Purdue University TI - NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE PAVEMENTS ON THE BRUSSELS-NATIONAL AIRPORT PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 155-164 AB - Important expansion works have been underway at the Brussels National Airport since 1989, in accordance with the masterplan "ZAVENTEM 2000." The aim of the development plan is to optimize and achieve as high a level of profitability as possible for the total movements on the airfield. In 8 different phases, a surface area of 1.2 million sq. m in both asphalt and concrete shall be placed for runways and platforms. One procedure successfully executed involved placing 2 concrete layers using 2 slipform paving machines "back-to-back" in widths of 10 m. A number of other innovative execution methods, as well as new construction practices by the contractors, were displayed and utilized throughout the construction. This paper provides an overview of the Brussels National Airport expansion project, including new methods and practices used in areas such as concrete paving, de-icing applications, and surface protecting sealer treatments. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Air transportation KW - Airport runways KW - Airports KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Belgium KW - Brussels National Airport KW - Concrete construction KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Construction of specific facilities KW - Deicing KW - General aviation KW - Profitability KW - Surface treating UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714760 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821297 AU - Jun, D X AU - Ming, H X AU - Jun, Z J AU - Yide, W AU - Purdue University TI - THE LOSS OF LOAD--TRANSFER CAPACITY AT JOINTS OF AIRFIELD CONCRETE PAVEMENTS UNDER REPETITIVE LOAD PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 183-191 AB - Joints are a weak part of the airport runway concrete pavement structural system. When joints are in good working order, they have a fairly high capacity of load transfer. Generally, the load transfer capacity decreases with an increase in the number of repetition of loads, which leads to a loss in the design bearing capacity of pavement. This process is termed the loss of load transfer capacity of joint, which can result in an increase of edge stress, cracks, and finally, loss of support. It is of great importance to study the loss of load--transfer capacity for several joint types under repetitive loads in order to improve the performance and durability of concrete pavement of airport runways. For this purpose, the Transportation Research Institute of Southeast University (Nanjing) and the Guangzhou Branch of the China construction company created an experimental pavement with 5 types of joints on a circular track road test platform built in a laboratory of the University. The Falling Weight Deflectometer is used to measure the loss of load transfer capacity of joints under loads. Through testing and analysis, the relationships of the loss of load transfer capacity of joints and the edge displacement with the loading repetition numbers were determined. The analysis also indicates that the dowelled joint and engaged joint are the best joint types among the 5 studied. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Airport runways KW - Airports KW - China KW - Concrete pavements KW - Concrete structures KW - Falling weight deflectometers KW - General aviation KW - Load transfer KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement joints KW - Southeast University (China) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714761 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821295 AU - Okamoto, P A AU - Wu, C L AU - Tarr, S M AU - Cole, L W AU - Purdue University TI - EARLY OPENING OF PCC PAVEMENTS TO TRAFFIC PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 141-152 AB - The aim of this study was to produce data from pavement load tests that will permit early loading of portland cement concrete (PCC) highway pavements by construction and/or public vehicular traffic. This ongoing study was undertaken to provide additional information and further develop guidelines proposed in a recent FHWA-sponsored investigation. Full-scale load test data and calculated pavement responses were collected and analyzed. An in-depth dowel bar bearing stress analysis at early concrete ages was also made. Results were used to further develop early loading guidelines, refine the analysis of dowel bearing pressures, and evaluate the effects of early loading fatigue damage. Deflection and strain data was collected from full-scale load test slabs constructed and loaded at ages ranging from 5-26 days. Each slab section consisted of 3 pairs of 2-lane slabs. Sections were constructed with both an aggregate interlock and doweled joint. Slabs were either constructed over a granular subbase or lean concrete base. Slab thickness was 254 mm. Strains and deflections due to a 90 kN single-axle load with dual wheels positioned at slab edges, longitudinal and transverse joints, and interior positions were measured at early ages. Results were compared to stresses and deflections computed using the ILLI-SLAB finite element computer program. A detailed investigation of dowel bar bearing pressures was also conducted to evaluate maximum bearing pressures and pressure distributions. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Bearing tests KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Deflection KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Traffic loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714759 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821293 AU - Christory, J-P AU - Pipien, G AU - Soudieu, B AU - Chauchot, J AU - Purdue University TI - THE ROAD AND THE ENVIRONMENT, A MARRIAGE OF CONVENIENCE: THICK POROUS PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 107-124 AB - Research on porous structures and materials has covered all types of pavements. However, porous cement concrete pavements were considered able to play a privileged role in certain fields of application, in view of their unique characteristics in terms of placement thicknesses, generally medium or high on the surface, and the absence of post-compacting or variations in the internal texture as a result of rheological action, repeated loading, or temperatures. This paper thus endeavors to develop upon this aspect, showing the theoretical advantages of the porous concrete structure, the promising results obtained after field trials, and those points regarding which much work still remains to be done. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Porous materials KW - Porous pavements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714757 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821294 AU - Onstenk, E AU - Aguado, A AU - Eickschen, E AU - Josa, A AU - Purdue University TI - LABORATORY STUDY OF POROUS CONCRETE FOR ITS USE AS TOP-LAYER OF CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 125-139 AB - Included in the project 'Optimization of Surface Characteristics of Concrete Roads in Accordance with Environmental Acceptance and Traffic Safety' is a lab program being carried out by various European institutes to study the composition and characteristics of porous concrete for use as top-layer of concrete pavements. The main aim of this work is to optimize the composition of porous concrete with respect to strength, acoustic properties, drainage, durability, and costs comparable to porous asphalt. This latter material is now widely used in different European countries due to its noise reducing and drainage properties. These 2 aspects are now considered to be very important because of environmental impact and safety matters. To date, results obtained have given very useful information on the relationship between porous concrete composition and characteristics. These relationships were actually used to define the most appropriate mixtures to be used in specific projects. This paper describes the testing program carried out, as well as the results obtained so far and the corresponding practical consequences. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Europe KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Porous pavements KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Traffic noise UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714758 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821292 AU - Nichols, J AU - DASH, D AU - Purdue University TI - AUSTRALIAN DEVELOPMENTS TO REDUCE ROAD TRAFFIC NOISE ON CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 99-106 AB - In New South Wales, the Roads and Traffic Authority in its Northern Region is constructing trial concrete pavements with variations in surface texture to study the relationship between surface texture, tire noise, and skid resistance. The trials are being conducted on new dual carriageway concrete pavement sections of the F3 Freeway, part of the Australian federally funded national highway system. The F3 connects the principle cities of Sydney and Newcastle. The objective of this research is to detail production of a predictable and uniform concrete surface texture that will provide minimum tire noise with a defined skid resistance. From these results further modifications and refinements to additional new surface texture formats are made and the process of analysis is repeated, with the appropriate balance of noise and skid resistance being targeted. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Noise sources KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Skid resistance KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Traffic noise UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714756 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821288 AU - Okamoto, P A AU - Nussbaum, P J AU - Smith, K D AU - Purdue University TI - GUIDELINE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TIMING CONTRACTION JOINT SAWING OF PCC HIGHWAY PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 39-52 AB - The timing of contraction joint sawing is essential to avert ravelling at sawcut edges and uncontrolled cracking of concrete pavements. The goals of this study were to determine the 'near' and 'far' joint sawcutting window of opportunity and to evaluate nondestructive testing methods and strength indicators that will assist in determining when sawcutting should be initiated. Sawing tests were made on large-scale concrete slabs with different aggregates and cement contents to determine 'near' sawing strength indicators. Relationships were developed between surface ravelling, sawcut acceptance rating, and compressive strength. Recommended minimum concrete strengths were developed as a function of cement content and aggregate type. Observations of sawcutting and strength development at several highway projects provided comparisons between lab and construction site strength development and sawcut quality, and also between construction site strength development and monitoring of crack development below sawcuts. Restraint axial and curling stresses were also calculated using early-age temperature histories of concrete pavements. Early-age strength properties developed as part of the lab investigation and strengths measured in the field were used with calculated restraint stresses to develop guidelines that can be used to determine the 'far' sawcutting limits of opportunity. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Contraction joints KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement joints KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Sawed joints KW - Stripping (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714752 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821290 AU - Darter, M I AU - Barenberg, E J AU - Salsilli, R A AU - Purdue University TI - CALIBRATED MECHANISTIC DESIGN PROCEDURE TO PREVENT TRANSVERSE CRACKING OF JOINTED PLAIN CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 71-90 AB - This paper describes a comprehensive design procedure for jointed plain concrete pavement developed to control transverse cracking. A rigorous mechanistic method to compute the slab edge stress at the critical location was also developed. Several design components were considered in the design procedure. The analysis process can include a 2- or 3-layer system subjected to different axle load configurations. Various boundary conditions or shoulder types can be studied including bituminous, tied concrete, or widened outer lane. Thermal curl stress is considered assuming a linear temperature differential through the slab thickness, making it possible to directly consider its effect on joint spacing. The structural thickness and length design of the concrete slab is based on a fatigue damage analysis. The main improvement in this procedure is the development of a fatigue relationship based on field slab tests. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement joints KW - Slabs KW - Transverse cracking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714754 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821287 AU - McCullough, F AU - Moody, E D AU - Purdue University TI - DEVELOPMENT OF LOAD TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS FOR USE WITH THE AASHTO GUIDE BASED ON FIELD MEASUREMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 23-37 AB - The use of the load transfer coefficients in rigid pavement performance equations accounts for the differences in the ability of various types of concrete pavement structures to transfer loads across joints or cracks. The load transfer coefficient may be affected by many factors, including aggregate interlock, load transfer devices used in the pavement, and the presence of tied concrete shoulders. This paper documents the development of appropriate load transfer coefficients, in Texas, that are capable of being used with AASHTO guidelines for the design of continuously reinforced concrete pavements. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials KW - Coefficients KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Load transfer KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement joints KW - Pavement performance KW - Rigid pavements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714751 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821291 AU - DESCORNET, G AU - Fuchs, F AU - Buys, R AU - Purdue University TI - NOISE-REDUCING CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 93-98 AB - Wet pavement skid resistance, especially at high speeds, is an important road surface characteristic relevant to traffic safety. For about 20 years, the Belgian Road Research Centre (BRRC) has been making considerable progress to improve the skid resistance properties of both concrete and bituminous pavements. Together with the development of Belgium's large road and highway network, various surface treatments have been developed to improve the safety and comfort of users, particularly with respect to wet pavement skid resistance, evenness, and noise. This paper looks at research conducted at the BRRC concerning the development of texture-related parameters that have an influence on rolling noise. The focus is on new surface treatments, such as chip-sprinkling, designed to reduce rolling noise and increase the durability of concrete pavements. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Belgian Road Research Centre KW - Belgium KW - Chip sprinkling (Surface treatments) KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway safety KW - Highway transportation KW - Noise control KW - Pavement design KW - Skid resistance KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Surface treating KW - Traffic noise UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714755 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821289 AU - Wu, C-L AU - Mack, James W AU - Okamoto, P A AU - Packard, R G AU - Purdue University TI - PREDICTION OF FAULTING OF JOINTS IN CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 53-70 AB - The Portland Cement Association, in 1984, published "Thickness Design for Concrete Highway and Street Pavements," introducing for the first time in any thickness design procedure the concept of pavement component erosion. The erosion criteria were added to the traditional concrete flexural fatigue criteria because heavy-axle loads cause deflections at slab corners and edges, which cause pumping, erosion of the subgrade, subbase, and shoulder materials, voids under and adjacent to the slab, and faulting of the pavement joints. The erosion criteria correlated well to all of the in-service performance data available at the time. These criteria were viewed as first-generation general guidelines that could be refined as field performance data became available on specific climatic and drainage conditions. The aim of this study was to collect performance data that has become available since 1984, and refine the existing erosion criteria to represent different climatic areas and drainage conditions. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Deflection KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement components KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement joints KW - Pavement performance KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714753 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821285 AU - Prozzi, Jolanda AU - Balmaceda, P AU - DE BEER, M AU - Purdue University TI - NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTS PROCEDURE FOR FIELD EVALUATION OF TRANSVERSE JOINTS IN CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 3-12 AB - The aim of this paper is to study the influence of temperature (at the top and bottom of the concrete pavement slab and of the gradient) and vehicle speed on the absolute vertical deflections as measured by multi-depth deflectometers. The effect of joint load transfer efficiencies on stresses and deflections are also theoretically studied using a finite element computer code. The load transfer efficiencies used as input in this theoretical study are calculated from data collected in-situ on a normal concrete road in South Africa. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Concrete tests KW - Conferences KW - Deflectometers KW - Field tests KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Slabs KW - South Africa KW - Transverse joints UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714749 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821286 AU - Kawamura, K AU - Nakagawa, S AU - NISHIZAWA, T AU - Kasahara, A AU - Purdue University TI - EVALUATION METHOD FOR JOINT LOAD TRANSFER EFFICIENCY IN CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 13-21 AB - To reduce the stress that can occur in concrete pavement slabs, various types of joints are installed to allow movement of the slabs such as expansion, shrinkage, and warping. These joints can become structural weak points and, in most cases, the failure of concrete pavement advances from joints. There is a large influence by load transfer on the service performance of concrete pavement. With concrete pavement containing RCCP, it is important to establish a technique to reasonably evaluate the capability of load transfer. This paper describes a study conducted to develop a mechanical model to properly simulate the behavior of joints in order to evaluate load transfer efficiency in concrete pavements. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Deflection KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Load transfer KW - Mechanical analysis KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement joints KW - Slabs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714750 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821282 AU - Yao, Z AU - Zhou, Datian AU - Tan, Z AU - Purdue University TI - THE REVISION OF THE CONCRETE PAVEMENT THICKNESS DESIGN PROCEDURE OF CHINA PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 341-347 AB - The concrete pavement design specification currently used in China was issued in 1984. The thickness design procedure adopted in the specification is based on the prevention of fatigue cracking by limiting the maximum stress induced by the design axle load below the fatigue strength of concrete. At this time, a new thickness design procedure for considering the combined fatigue damage caused by both traffic loads and temperature gradients has been proposed, and research relating to this procedure is ongoing. This paper introduces the newly revised thickness design procedure for concrete pavements in China. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - China KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Design standards KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue strength KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement design KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714746 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821278 AU - VAN CAUWELAERT, F AU - Purdue University TI - A RIGOROUS ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF A CONCRETE SLAB SUBMITTED TO INTERIOR AND EDGE LOADS WITH NO, PARTIAL AND FULL SHEAR TRANSFER AT THE EDGE PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 255-275 AB - In recent years, a number of researched have attempted to demonstrate the well known Westergaard's formulas for slabs on an elastic subgrade. While they have succeeded for interior loading, there has been little if any progress in proving the formulas for edge loading. Comparisons have been made using finite element methods, and discrepancies in minus and in plus with Westergaard's formulas were discovered. In this paper, the general analytical solution for both interior and edge loading is developed; moreover, partial and full shear transfer at the edge can be taken into account. The solution presented allows for the determination of any stress or deflection at any distance from an interior or an edge load. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Loads KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Slabs KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Westergaard's formulas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714742 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821280 AU - Wimsatt, A J AU - Purdue University TI - CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES BY THE TEXAS DOT PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 293-316 AB - The aim of this paper is to generally summarize the experience the Texas Department of Transportation (TDOT) has had with concrete pavement design and construction since the beginning of the U.S. Interstate highway program. The background behind the various TDOT concrete pavement design standard plan sheets included in state highway construction plans is discussed, and standards for several types of concrete pavements are described. Examples of interstate highway projects built recently with the various standards are also briefly presented. Ongoing efforts and findings in this research area that will affect future concrete pavement design and construction procedures are provided. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Design standards KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Interstate highways KW - Pavement design KW - Road construction KW - State highway departments KW - Texas KW - Texas Department of Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714744 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821283 AU - Pronk, A C AU - Purdue University TI - THE PASTERNAK FOUNDATION: AN ATTRACTIVE ALTERNATIVE FOR THE WINKLER FOUNDATION PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 349-357 AB - This paper describes the Pasternak Foundation model. In this 2-parameter model, the reaction of the foundation is determined by a vertical spring constant k (the modulus of subgrade reaction in the Winkler Foundation) in combination with a parameter k*, which can be seen as a horizontal linkage of the vertical springs (comparable to the function of the Poisson ratio in the Burmister Model). The influence of k* on the response is larger than the influence of the Poisson ratio in the Burmister Model on the response. This increases the model's flexibility in matching the observed and calculated responses of a construction. The Hankel-Bessel transformation is used for the calculations of the deflections and stresses in the Pasternak and Westergaard Model. Only the case of interior loading was considered. Solutions are given for the deflection bowls and the maximum bending stress for a (thin) plate, resting without friction on the foundation. An overview of the Hankel-Bessel transforms is given for other types of load distributions and subgrade reactions. Findings are provided indicating that the Pasternak Foundation forms an attractive alternative for the Winkler Foundation regarding the larger flexibility of the simple 2-parameter model. Lastly, aspects of interpretation methods are discussed for evaluation of deflection measurements on the several types of foundation. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Airport runways KW - Airports KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Foundation engineering KW - Pasternak foundation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavements KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Thin plates UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714747 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821284 AU - Guo, Hejun AU - Larson, R M AU - Snyder, M B AU - Purdue University TI - A NONLINEAR MECHANISTIC MODEL FOR DOWEL LOOSENESS IN PCC PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 359-371 AB - This paper describes a nonlinear mechanistic model developed to simulate the behavior of loose (nonuniformly supported) dowel bars in rigid pavements. The model can be used in conjunction with other structural models to predict the responses of portland cement concrete (PCC) pavement to loads when various degrees of dowel bar looseness or loss of support exist. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate that longitudinal flexural stresses, which produce transverse cracking, are sensitive to the degree of dowel bar support. Findings are provided and discussed. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Dowels (Fasteners) KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Longitudinal strength KW - Nonlinear equations KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement design KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Rigid pavements KW - Transverse cracking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714748 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821279 AU - Zaghloul, S AU - White, T AU - Purdue University TI - NON-LINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 277-292 AB - The conventional analysis method for rigid pavement is usually based on a closed-form solution for an infinitely long pavement subjected to static loads. The fact that rigid pavements have finite slab dimensions and are subjected to moving loads make the predicted pavement response under the closed-form assumptions inappropriate. Finite element methods (FEM) can be better used to model concrete pavements. Even though a number of studies of concrete pavements have been conducted using FEM, most of these assume that the concrete slab is a thin or thick plate resting on a Winkler dense liquid or elastic solid foundation. Static loading conditions are also assumed. This paper describes a study conducted at Purdue University that evaluated the damage effect of overloaded trucks on the Indiana highway network. A 3D dynamic FEM (3D-DFEM) was used to analyze both asphalt and concrete pavements. The concrete pavement was modeled as 3-D slabs resting on a layered foundation. The linear and non-linear material properties of the different layers--concrete slab, subbase, and subgrade--were represented. Truck loads moving at varying speeds were applied, and the pavement elastic and plastic responses were predicted. The pavement static response predicted by the 3D-DFEM was compared with that predicted using Westergaard's equations for similar conditions and no significant difference was found. A comparison was also made between the 3D-DFEM predictions and actual pavement deflections measured under moving trucks. The predicted pavement deflections were found to agree with the measured deflections. These static and dynamic verification studies demonstrate that the 3D-DFEM can be confidently used to predict actual pavement response from moving loads. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Elastic deformation KW - Finite element method KW - Nonlinear systems KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Rigid pavements KW - Static loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714743 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821281 AU - Wu, C-L AU - Tia, M AU - Larsen, T J AU - Purdue University TI - ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL RESPONSE OF CONCRETE PAVEMENTS UNDER CRITICAL THERMAL-LOADING CONDITIONS PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 317-340 AB - In this paper, the results of a parametric analysis of structural response of concrete pavements under simultaneous action of traffic loads and temperature variations in the slab are given. The effects of using a bonded interface in a composite pavement slab were analyzed under the thermal-load condition. A finite element program was used to compute maximum thermal-load-induced stresses in the concrete slabs. Temperature was assumed to vary linearly along the slab depth. Results are compared with those obtained by the Westergaard equations and the influence charts of Pickett and Ray. Analysis results show that the temperature differential in the slab has significant effects on structural response of concrete pavements. The effects of these pavement parameters under critical thermal-loading conditions are also determined to be different from those under full subgrade support condition. Other findings and observations are also presented. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Concrete structures KW - Conferences KW - Finite element method KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Parametric analysis KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Slabs KW - Structural analysis KW - Thermal loads KW - Traffic loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714745 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821277 AU - NISHIZAWA, T AU - Kajikawa, Y AU - Fukuda, T AU - Purdue University TI - EFFECTS OF LATERAL DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY VEHICLES ON FATIGUE CRACKS OF CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 245-253 AB - Lateral distribution (LD) of heavy vehicles has a major impact on fatigue cracking of concrete pavements. When the width of the concrete slab is small, wheels of heavy vehicles tend to pass near its longitudinal joint and, in this case, transverse cracks would occur from the joint edge. Conversely, where the width of slab is large, longitudinal cracks occurring from the transverse joint would be more predominant. Therefore, the LD of wheels of large vehicles should be considered in the design of concrete pavement. However, data on the LD of wheels is limited due to data acquisition difficulties. In this study, a Traffic Load Auto Measurement System (TLAMS) is developed to monitor traffic flow by recording wheel positions, speeds, and headways. By using the LD of wheels obtained by the TLAMS, fatigue analysis of concrete pavements was conducted and the effects of LD of wheels were investigated. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Lateral distribution KW - Longitudinal joints KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Traffic load auto measurement system KW - Traffic loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714741 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821275 AU - Kadiyala, S M AU - Zollinger, D G AU - Purdue University TI - ANALYSIS OF CRC PAVEMENT UNDER MOISTURE, TEMPERATURE, AND CREEP EFFECTS PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 211-234 AB - This paper presents a numerical method for studying the effects of steel reinforcement and environmental parameters on the early-aged behavior of continuously reinforced concrete (CRC) pavements. This procedure consists of 2 stages. The first stage predicts shrinkage strains developed due to moisture loss in the CRC pavement. It uses the semi-discrete method of nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis to predict the moisture distribution in CRC pavement as a function of time. This model is verified with published theoretical and experimental results. An existing FE model is modified and adapted for moisture distribution analysis in concrete pavements. Both shrinkage and thermal stress are determined in 2 stages of analysis. Shrinkage strains and the thermal strains imposed due to variations in ambient temperature are used as input to stress analysis. The second stage predicts stress distributions taking into account concrete creep in the pavement after initial development of the crack pattern. The CRC pavement is represented in the FE analysis with 2-D plane strain elements. Bond slip is modeled at the interface of concrete and steel. Analysis of the internal restraint is performed to determine subsequent concrete pavement stresses caused by environmental effects. An FE code was developed specifically for prediction of the resultant stresses in the concrete pavement. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Creep properties KW - Finite element method KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Mathematical methods KW - Nonlinear systems KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Reinforcing steel KW - Shrinkage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714739 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821273 AU - McCullough, B F AU - Moody, E D AU - Purdue University TI - PREDICTION OF CRCP TERMINAL MOVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 191-200 AB - The aim of this research was to provide pavement designers with substantive information about continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) terminal movement. A mechanistic model, PSCP2, was used to analyze free end movement and to predict the size of terminal movements. Field measurements were conducted on State Highway 225 in Houston, Texas, in order to supplement the CRCP movement field data from a prior study. A comparison between the collected data and the predictions of the PSCP2 program was performed to verify the reliability of the PSCP2 mechanistic model. A procedure was presented that estimates the terminal movement of a CRCP. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Terminal movements (concrete pavements) KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714737 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821274 AU - Verhoeven, K AU - Purdue University TI - CRACKING AND CORROSION IN CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 201-209 AB - This paper looks at pavement distress (cracking and corrosion) occurring in continuously reinforced concrete (CRC) pavements in Belgium. Over 18 million sq. m of CRC pavements, including 3.5 million sq. m of overlay on old concrete and bituminous road surfacings, were constructed between 1970 and 1990. As a number of CRC sections were gradually reaching a respectable age and cracks observed in certain sections were sometimes wider than expected, the Belgian Cement Industry Collective Research Centre undertook an investigation in 1990 into the general behavior of this type of pavement. The focus was on crack spacing and on possible corrosion of reinforcements. Findings are reported here. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Belgian Cement Industry Collective Research Centre KW - Belgium KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714738 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821276 AU - Koyanagawa, M AU - Yoneya, H AU - Fukuda, T AU - Purdue University TI - FLEXURAL FATIGUE DESIGN CURVE FOR CONCRETE PAVEMENT IN CONSIDERATION OF PROBABILISTIC PROPERTIES OF FATIGUE PHENOMENA PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 237-243 AB - When using the mechanistic design method for concrete pavement, the flexural fatigue curve (FCC) has a strong influence when analyzing the fatigue life of the pavement. The FCC is obtained from the results of fatigue testing of concrete. However, the flexural fatigue strength of concrete displays a fair amount of scatter as a specific property, and accordingly, the reliability of concrete pavements is influenced considerably by this scatter. In this paper, the probabilistic properties of flexural fatigue failure are obtained from test data. By applying the Monte Carlo simulation technique to this data, analyses are made of the influence of scatter in the fatigue phenomena of concrete on the service life of concrete pavement, and a study is conducted on the FCC for concrete pavement design. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue strength KW - Flexural strength KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Monte Carlo method KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714740 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821272 AU - Moody, E D AU - McCullough, B F AU - Purdue University TI - LONG TERM PERFORMANCE OF UNCONTROLLED LONGITUDINAL CRACKING AND FAILED LONGITUDINAL JOINTS IN CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 183-190 AB - Uncontrolled longitudinal cracking is a commonly observed type of distress in continuously reinforced concrete pavements (CRCP). In the late 1970s/early 1980s, the Texas Highway Department and the University of Texas, Center for Transportation Research began a detailed study into the causes and possible remedies of uncontrolled longitudinal cracking in CRCPs. This paper presents an analysis of the repair procedures investigated in the study. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - State highway departments KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Texas KW - Texas Highway Department KW - University of Texas at Austin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714736 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821270 AU - Jiang, Yong AU - McDaniel, R R AU - Purdue University TI - EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF CONCRETE PAVEMENT RESTORATION TECHNIQUES ON PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 153-162 AB - Concrete pavement restoration (CPR) techniques were applied on a 30-mile section of I-65 between SR-114 and US-231 at Crown Point, Indiana, in 1985. Distresses having occurred at the time of rehabilitation included corner, diagonal, longitudinal, and transverse cracking, and faulted, spalled, and broken joints. Three types of full-depth patches were constructed to replace sections of severe pavement breakups. Partial-depth patches were placed to repair minor surface distresses. This study evaluated the impact of the CPR techniques on pavement condition and performance. The 3 types of full-depth patches were still functioning well after 5 years of service. The partial-depth patches performed poorly and required continuous maintenance throughout the study period. A life-cycle cost analysis showed that CPR was more cost effective than an asphalt overlay for this project even though CPR gained a service life shorter in duration than the typical service life of an asphalt overlay. Other results and findings are also provided and discussed. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Indiana KW - Life cycle costing KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714734 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821271 AU - Chapin, L T AU - White, T D AU - Purdue University TI - VALIDATING LOSS OF SUPPORT FOR CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 163-179 AB - The undersealing of concrete pavements is a key restoration mechanism. The success of its application is dependent on having a capability for locating the appropriate points of application. The future of the undersealing process will be dependent on focusing on the more general loss-of-support concept. This paper outlines the Epoxy/Core Test method, which has proven to be an effective presence-of-voids evaluation method. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Maintenance practices KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Undersealing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714735 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821268 AU - Stoffels, S M AU - Kilareski, W P AU - Cady, P AU - Purdue University TI - EVALUATION OF CONCRETE PAVEMENT REHABILITATION IN PENNSYLVANIA PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 129-142 AB - Concrete pavement rehabilitation (CPR) is an engineered system aimed at repairing in lieu of overlaying the pavement. Full-depth patching, grinding, subsealing, spall repair, and joint sealing are typical CPR treatments that have been used for many years with varying degrees of success. Life cycle information on these treatments is necessary to evaluate them economically and as maintenance methods compared to other rehabilitation strategies such as overlays. This paper presents the results of a study performed in Pennsylvania on the life-cycle evaluation of CPR treatments. The focus is on full-depth patching, grinding, and subsealing. Project data collection included profiles, falling weight deflections, fault measurements, condition surveys, and cores. The research aim was to determine what performance characteristics and service life can be expected of each CPR treatment. Project data indicates that CPR treatment consisting of full-depth patching, subsealing, and grinding will have a service life of about 5 years and represents the most economical treatment method based on a dollars-per-lane-mile capitalized cost evaluation, not considering user costs. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway maintenance KW - Highway transportation KW - Life cycle costing KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Pennsylvania KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Service life UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714732 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821269 AU - Kazmierowski, T AU - Sturm, H AU - Purdue University TI - PERFORMANCE OF ONTARIO'S FIRST MAJOR REHABILITATION AND OVERLAY PROJECT PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 143-152 AB - The utilization of techniques such as full- and partial-depth repairs, diamond grinding, and unbonded overlays has helped highway authorities meet some of the challenges posed by concrete freeway rehabilitation. In 1989, the Ontario Ministry of Transportation constructed a project to demonstrate the feasibility of these techniques in their jurisdiction, and to monitor the long-term performance of the various applications. The northbound lanes of the project area incorporated the use of full- and partial-depth repairs followed by diamond grinding and joint sealant replacement; the southbound lanes received a 180 mm thick plain jointed unbonded PCC overlay. This project has been in service since 1990, and a number of performance characteristics have been monitored. The results of this testing and analysis are presented in this paper. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Freeways KW - Highway departments KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Ontario (Province) KW - Ontario Ministry of Transportation KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Surface course (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714733 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821267 AU - Caestecker, C AU - Heleven, L AU - Purdue University TI - GRINDING OF A TRANSVERSELY GROOVED CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT OF THE EUROPEAN MOTORWAY E 40 AT BIERBEEK PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 113-128 AB - Belgium is a small, highly populated Western European country with much experience in the field of concrete pavements. Since 1970, the Ministry of Public Works has opted for the technique of continuously reinforced concrete for construction of roadways with a concrete surface. As far as newly constructed roads are concerned, rolling noise problems belong to the past. In the case of existing concrete roads, there are many possible alternatives to reduce noise. One solution, a porous asphalt overlay on the concrete, has a relatively short service life as compared with the concrete road. This paper focuses on a better solution found in the grinding technique. The grinding technique has been used for many years in the U.S., mainly to restore the evenness of the concrete surface. Two experiments using the grinding technique were conducted, both of which proved successful, and the grinding technique was used to solve a noise problem related to a motorway at Bierbeek on the E 40, 29 km east of Brussels. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Belgium KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Grinding technique (concrete pavements) KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Noise control KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement grooving KW - Pavement performance KW - Rolling contact KW - Traffic noise KW - Western Europe UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714731 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821264 AU - KAZMIEROWSKI, T J AU - BRADBURY, A AU - Purdue University TI - TEN YEARS EXPERIENCE WITH EXPERIMENTAL CONCRETE PAVEMENT SECTIONS IN ONTARIO PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 77-88 AB - Four experimental sections of rigid pavement were constructed in 1982 on a highway southeast of Windsor, Ontario, Canada, to assess the comparative performance and overall serviceability of various innovative concepts in concrete pavement design. The demonstration project was evaluated and reported on in 1985 and 1988, after 3 and 6 years of service, and in 1992, after 10 years of service. The concrete pavement consisted of 4 plain jointed undoweled concrete pavement sections varying in design and length. This paper describes the performance of the pavement sections in terms of load transfer and center slab deflections based on falling weight deflectometer testing, roughness, skid resistance, joint movement, and a crack survey. Observations of noise levels, traffic volumes, and surface texture are discussed. A brief summary of design and construction details, plus the performance results of an ongoing 10-year monitoring program are documented. Based on 10 years of performance results, conclusions indicate the higher levels of serviceability achieved with the free draining base section and full depth section. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Ontario (Province) KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Rigid pavements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714728 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821263 AU - Peshkin, D G AU - Darter, M I AU - Aunis, J AU - Purdue University TI - THE CONSTRUCTION AND PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE PAVEMENTS REINFORCED WITH FLEXARM PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 69-76 AB - This paper presents the preliminary results of a field evaluation of the performance of several pavements in France that used both conventional and Flexarm steel reinforcement of concrete. Observations from an ongoing continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) construction site in which Flexarm was used are also presented. As the reinforcing in these pavements is much different from conventional reinforcement, some introductory CRCP design concepts are first discussed. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Flexarm (concrete pavement reinforcement) KW - France KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement performance KW - Reinforced concrete pavements KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Reinforcing steel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714727 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821265 AU - SHACKEL, B AU - O'Keeffe, W AU - O'Keeffe, L AU - Purdue University TI - CONCRETE BLOCK PAVING TESTED AS ARTICULATED SLABS PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 89-95 AB - This paper describes the experimental evaluation of articulated slabs composed of concrete block paving laid and compacted within a steel frame. By testing the paving in isolation from the bedding sand, basecourse, and other elements of a complete block pavement, it proved feasible to study the load spreading and other structural characteristics of the pavers themselves. This provided insights into the structural behavior of concrete block paving under load. Factors studied include the effects of paver shape, laying pattern, joint width, spacer nibs, and load repetition. Each of these factors was shown to significantly influence the structural capacity of the paving course. By analyzing the paver performance as a quasi-elastic slab, it was possible to quantify the behavior of block paving in a suitable form for inclusion in mechanistic pavement design and analysis. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Concrete bases KW - Concrete blocks KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Paving KW - Slabs KW - Surface course (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714729 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821266 AU - Balay, J-M AU - Darbois, B AU - Gramsammer, J-C AU - Nissoux, J-L AU - SAINTON, A AU - Purdue University TI - EXPERIMENT OF CONCRETE PAVEMENTS AT LCPC'S FATIGUE TEST TRACK PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 97-110 AB - The standard for design of concrete structures in France, issued in 1977 and updated in 1988, is the Catalogue des Structures de Chaussees Neuves, a set of regulations that apply to all new structures. The French Highway Department and other national concrete industry entities initiated a major experiment on the pavement fatigue test track of the Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussees, in 1991-92, in order to check the soundness of the designs proposed by the Catalogue for concrete pavements. This paper presents the tested structures and their instrumentation, the first observed damages, and the first results of measurement and of theoretical structural modeling by finite element method. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete construction KW - Concrete industry KW - Concrete pavements KW - Concrete structures KW - Conferences KW - Finite element method KW - France KW - French Highway Department KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Standards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714730 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821262 AU - Hendrikx, L AU - Purdue University TI - CONCRETE PAVEMENTS FOR PORT AREAS IN BELGIUM: EXPERIENCE AND INNOVATIONS PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 61-67 AB - The growth of transport by trucks and the increasing use of containers have created an important need for durable pavements with very low maintenance costs. Belgian port authorities and many operators prefer to use concrete pavements for port areas, as well as monolithic concrete slabs as concrete blocks. Since 1980, in the port areas of Antwerp, Zeebrugge, and Ghent, more than 2.5 million sq. m of container terminals have been paved with concrete. This paper briefly reviews the Belgian experience and innovations with different types of concrete pavements for heavy-duty applications. Design recommendations are also given. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Belgium KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Container terminals KW - Freight handling KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Port authorities KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Truck terminals UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714726 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821258 AU - Khazanovich, L AU - Ioannides, A M AU - Purdue University TI - GLASNOST AND CONCRETE PAVEMENT ENGINEERING: DEVELOPMENTS CONCERNING SLABS-ON-GRADE FROM THE FORMER SOVIET UNION PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 3-18 AB - In this paper, advances in the state-of-knowledge concerning the behavior of slabs-on-grade achieved in the former Soviet Union are presented and discussed. At present, most of these are solutions to applied mathematics problems, but may be rendered applicable to concrete pavement engineering if recast in more practical forms using the capabilities of high-speed computers. The focus here is on issues pertaining to the study of edge loading and load transfer phenomena in multi-layered concrete pavement systems. Contributions from the East are considered for incorporation in a mechanistic design procedure against catastrophic modes of failure, operative in addition to long-term, fatigue-type distress mechanisms. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Former Soviet Union KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement components KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Slab on grade UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714722 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821260 AU - ARMAGHANI, J M AU - Purdue University TI - FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 33-45 AB - This paper discusses the impact of temperature displacements on performance of pavement slabs. Also presented is a chronology of events leading to water related distress. Aspects of pavement design, concrete mixture, and construction are also discussed, and their contribution to pavement performance is evaluated. It should be emphasized that much of the information presented here is derived from Florida experience and may not necessarily be applicable to other regions, depending on the environment, traffic, and materials. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Florida KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Paving KW - Slab on grade KW - Temperature displacements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714724 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821259 AU - Ayton, G P AU - Purdue University TI - CONCRETE HIGHWAY PAVEMENTS IN AUSTRALIA PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 19-30 AB - This paper summarizes local developments in Australian concrete pavement technology since the mid 1970s, and discusses the major lessons learned from both the achievements and the problems encountered along the way. Recent trends point to likely growth in concrete pavement construction throughout the Southeast Asian region and recent Australian experience should be relevant. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Australia KW - Concrete pavements KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Road construction KW - Southeast Asia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714723 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821261 AU - Molina, P F AU - Jorge, M AU - Josa, A AU - Jofre, C AU - Carrascon, S AU - Purdue University TI - PERFORMANCE OF A CONCRETE PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTED UNDER EXTREME WEATHER CONDITIONS PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 47-59 AB - In the summer of 1985, in Aragon in the northeast region of Spain, a concrete pavement was constructed under extreme weather conditions and special measures were taken to avoid possible negative effects. A number of checks were conducted during construction, including the temperature of materials, grading of aggregates, slump and strength of concrete, and evenness. Special monitoring of cracking and opening of joints was carried out. By this study, the evolution of opening of joints with time, as well as their spacing, were obtained. No correlation was observed between weather conditions and checking results, indicating that adequate measures were taken. Apart from normal maintenance, specific studies of the pavement's performance were effected in 1986, 1987, and 1992. Concrete strength, evenness, texture, faulting, and cracking were particularly checked, and, in general, satisfactory results were obtained. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Road construction KW - Spain KW - Weather conditions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714725 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00840480 AU - ERIKSON, ROBERT AU - GARUFI, FRANK AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - LORAN-C AVIATION MONITOR (LORMON) INTERFACE WITH VOR REMOTE MAINTENANCE MONITORING SYSTEM OPERATIONAL TEST AND EVALUATION (OT&E) INTEGRATION AND O&TE OPERATIONAL TEST REPORT. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A269 478 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Airplanes KW - Instrument landing systems KW - Loran UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532490 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00680803 AU - Purdue University TI - FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN AND REHABILITATION PY - 1993 SP - 718p AB - These proceedings are from the fifth in a planned series of conferences to bring together experts from all over the world to discuss state-of-the-art issues in the subject area of concrete pavement design and rehabilitation. The conference covers all aspects of the design, evaluation, performance and structural rehabilitation of Portland Cement Concrete pavements, including new and innovative techniques. Papers on bases, joints and drainage are also included. The papers are organized in the same format as that of the general program as follows: Tuesday Morning - Opening Session; Tuesday Afternoon - Performance, Rehabilitation, CRCP; Wednesday Morning - Design, Joints, Noise and Materials; Wednesday Afternoon - Airport, Fibers and Materials; and Thursday Morning - Overlay, RCC. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Admixtures KW - Airport runways KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Concrete overlays KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Drainage KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Evaluation KW - Fiber reinforced concrete KW - Joints KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Porous materials KW - Porous pavements KW - Rehabilitation KW - Roller compacted concrete pavements KW - State of the art studies KW - Traffic noise UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/426096 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00785531 AU - Burgess, Malcolm A AU - Federal Aviation Administration. Synthetic Vision Program Office AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - SYNTHETIC VISION TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION PY - 1993 SP - 4 v. AB - This report contains the description and results of a Synthetic Vision technology demonstration program conducted jointly by the Federal Aviation Administration, the Department of Defense and industry. The relevant technologies including millimeter wave radar sensors infrared sensors, head-up displays, and computer processing were developed and tested in static tower tests and in flight tests in which the weather conditions were measured and documented. The purpose of the program was to evaluate and demonstrate the performance of the imaging sensors and of the complete imaging system during aircraft approaches and landings in low-visibility conditions. KW - Air transportation KW - Image processing KW - Millimeter wave devices KW - Millimeter waves UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/638062 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00896471 AU - ZMROCZEK, LEON M AU - FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, VERTICAL FLIGHT PROGRAM OFFICE AU - SYSTEMS CONTROL TECHNOLOGY, INC., BOEING DEFENSE & SPACE GROUP, HELICOPTERS DIVISION, AND BELL HELICOPTER TEXTRON UNDER CONTRACT NO. TI - VERTICAL FLIGHT IFR TERMINAL AREA PROCEDURES (VERTAPS) PROGRAM PLAN: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. PY - 1993 IS - ADA350491 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Helicopter transportation KW - Helicopters KW - United States UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/13000/13700/13702/ADA350491.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/612701 ER - TY - SER AN - 00867742 JO - LAW AND POLICY IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - BERMANN, GEORGE A TI - REGULATORY COOPERATION WITH COUNTERPART AGENCIES ABROAD: THE FAA'S AIRCRAFT CERTIFICATION EXPERIENCE PY - 1993 AB - AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS NEGOTIATION WITH EUROPEAN JOINT AVIATION AUTHORITY. KW - Airplanes KW - Regulations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/629664 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00864124 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FAA ACQUISITION GUIDE FOR PROGRAM MANAGERS. T2 - FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION ACQUISITION GUIDE FOR PROGRAM MANAGERS PY - 1993 IS - AD-A285 132 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Governments KW - Purchasing KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/630172 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00863496 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - PROCEDURES FOR HANDLING AIRSPACE MATTERS.. PY - 1993 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Airports KW - Airspace (Law) KW - United States KW - Zoning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/629812 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00719159 AU - Barry, L AU - Hoffer, S AU - Bomerberg AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ESTABLISHMENT CRITERIA AIRPORT SURFACE DETECTION EQUIPMENT (ASDE) III PY - 1993 SP - 66 p. AB - This report presents the criteria and computation methods to be used in determining eligibility of terminal locations for the establishment of Airport Surface Detection Equipment (ASDE) based on an economic analysis of the costs and benefits of the equipment. The criteria compare the present value of ASDE benefits at a site with the present value of ASDE costs over a 20-year time frame. A location is eligible for ASDE establishment when the benefits which derive from operating the equipment exceed the installation and operating costs - the benefit/cost ratio is greater than or equal to one. An ASDE meets discontinuance criteria when the costs of continued operation exceed the benefits - the benefit/cost ratio is less than one. ASDE costs, accident rates and benefit unit values including values of statistical lives saved, injuries avoided, property damage, and passenger and aircraft time saved have been updated to incorporate the most recent data. KW - Airport surface detection equipment KW - Airport surface traffic control KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Economic analysis KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Terminal facilities KW - Terminal operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/453926 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00858059 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - 1993 FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION AVIATION SYSTEM CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN. PY - 1993 IS - N94-29445 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Air transportation KW - Airports KW - Capital investments KW - Finance KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/522383 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00680559 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FAA STATISTICAL HANDBOOK OF AVIATION PY - 1993 SP - 100 p. AB - This report presents statistical information pertaining to the Federal Aviation Administration, the National Airspace System, Airports, Airport Activity, U.S. Civil Air Carrier Fleet, U.S. Civil Air Carrier Operating Data, Airmen, General Aviation Aircraft, Aircraft Accidents, Aeronautical Production and Imports/Exports, and a Glossary of the Terms used in this publication. KW - Air traffic KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Airlines KW - Airports KW - General aviation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/422148 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00852376 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FIRST UPDATE OF AIRCRAFT ICING HANDBOOK. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A278 448 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Deicing chemicals KW - Handbooks KW - Ice prevention UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/550551 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00676463 AU - Dimensions International, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - GENERAL AVIATION AND AIR TAXI ACTIVITY AND AVIONICS SURVEY. ANNUAL SUMMARY REPORT 1993 DATA PY - 1993 SP - 508 p. AB - This report presents the results of the annual General Aviation and Air Taxi Activity and Avionics Survey. The survey is conducted by the FAA to obtain information on the activity and avionics of the United States registered general aviation and air taxi aircraft fleet. The report contains breakdowns of active aircraft, annual flight hours, average flight hours and other statistics by manufacturer/model group, aircraft type, state and region of based aircraft, and primary use. Also included are fuel consumption, lifetime airframe hours, avionics, engine hours, miles flown estimates, tables for detailed analysis of the avionics capabilities of the general aviation fleet, estimates of the number of landings, IFR hours flown, and grade of fuel consumed by the general aviation fleet. KW - Air taxi service KW - Air travel KW - Aircraft KW - Avionics KW - Data collection KW - Flight hours KW - Flight time KW - Fuel consumption KW - General aviation KW - Miles flown KW - Passenger miles KW - Statistics KW - Surveys KW - Tables (Data) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/416232 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00849115 AU - LIND, ANN MARIE T AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - TWO SIMULATION STUDIES OF PRECISION RUNWAY MONITORING OF INDEPENDENT APPROACHES TO CLOSELY SPACED PARALLEL RUNWAYS. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A263 433 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Airplanes KW - Airports KW - Evaluation KW - Landing KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/550096 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00843335 AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - AVIATION EDUCATION PROGRAMS (U.S.) TI - AVIATION EDUCATION RESOURCE CENTERS: A NEW CONCEPT OF PARTNERSHIPS IN EDUCATION.. PY - 1993 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Careers KW - Education and training KW - Personnel development KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/544612 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00843334 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - LORAN-C: AN INTRODUCTION AND USER GUIDE.. PY - 1993 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Handbooks KW - Hyperbolic navigation KW - Loran KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/544611 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00844018 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - 1993 AVIATION SYSTEM CAPACITY PLAN. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A276 958 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Planning KW - Technological innovations KW - Traffic control KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/544941 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00844258 AU - ADAMS, CATHERINE A AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Advanced Aviation Concepts, Incorporated TI - PILOT INFORMATION CENTER FOR PREFLIGHT PLANNING. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A277 621 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Airplanes KW - Pilotage KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/545067 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00843566 AU - LAANANEN, D H AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - CRASHWORTHINESS ANALYSIS OF COMMUTER AIRCRAFT SEATS. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A275 889 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Commuter aircraft KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/544731 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00843567 AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - ENPLANEMENT AND ALL CARGO ACTIVITY CALENDAR YEAR 1991. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A275 265 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Airlines KW - Statistics KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/544732 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00843621 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - CIVIL AVIATION SECURITY SPECIALISTS.. PY - 1993 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Airports KW - Recruiting KW - Security KW - Vocational guidance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/544749 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00844012 AU - NOURAGAS, PAULA AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - REDUCED VERTICAL SEPARATION IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC EXPERIMENT PLAN. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A277 360 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Airplanes KW - North Atlantic Ocean UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/544935 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00842246 AU - DO, DUNG AU - WRIGHT, JOSEPH AU - HAMPTON, LAWRENCE AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - INITIAL EVALUATION OF BURN CHARACTERISTICS OF PHENOLIC FOAM RUNWAY BRAKE ARRESTOR MATERIAL. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A274 718 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Fire testing KW - Fires KW - Flammability tests KW - Foamed materials KW - Jet propelled aircraft UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/544163 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00838651 AU - BELL, WAYNE E AU - HOANG, PHILLIP P AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - DATA MULTIPLEXING NETWORK (DMN) PHASE III EQUIPMENT OPERATIONAL TEST AND EVALUATION (OT&E) INTEGRATION TEST REPORT. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A263 172 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Airports KW - Automation KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/531795 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00838655 AU - GILLIGAN, M R AU - GROSS, A E AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - MITRE CORPORATION UNDER CONTRACT NO. TI - OPERATIONAL EVALUATION OF THE CONVERGING RUNWAY DISPLAY AID AT ST. LOUIS. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A263 270 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Airport runways KW - Airports KW - Crash avoidance systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/531799 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00839162 AU - BENNER, WILLIAM C AU - CARTY, THOMAS C AU - GOSLIN, JOSEPH J AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (RVR) OPERATIONAL TEST AND EVALUATION (OT&E) INTEGRATION AND OT&E OPERATIONAL TEST REPORT. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A263 665 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Airports KW - Landing KW - Landing aids KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/531981 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00839163 AU - MARKER, TIMOTHY R AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - NARROW-BODY AIRCRAFT WATER SPRAY OPTIMIZATION STUDY. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A263 481 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aircraft cabins KW - Airplanes KW - Fires KW - Jet transports UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/531982 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00840904 AU - STRETCHER, BAXTER AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FINAL REPORT FOR THE AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL (ATC) EVALUATION OF THE PROTOTYPE TERMINAL DOPPLER WEATHER RADAR (TDWR) SYSTEM. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A270 841 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Airports KW - Doppler radar KW - Meteorology KW - Radar KW - Radar air traffic control KW - Radar in aeronautics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532617 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00840947 AU - Rehmann, Albert J AU - Reynolds, Michael C AU - Neumeier, Mark E AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - MIDWEST SYSTEMS RESEARCH, INC. UNDER CONTRACT NO. TI - FAA AIRBORNE DATA LINK HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH PLAN. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A271 006 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aircraft navigational aids KW - Airplanes KW - Human factors engineering KW - Human factors engineering UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/000/800/849/tn93_5.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532631 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00841839 AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - DIMENSIONS INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND EXECUTIVE RESOURCE ASSOCIATES, INC. UNDER CONTRACT NO. TI - GENERAL AVIATION ACTIVITY SURVEY CALENDAR YEAR 1992.. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A273 284 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Airplanes KW - Statistics KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532967 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00842225 AU - REYNOLDS, THOMAS L AU - PORTER, KENT W AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Boeing Commercial Airplane Company AU - National Aeronautics and Space Administration TI - AIRCRAFT CABIN WATER SPRAY DISBENEFITS STUDY. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A274 420 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aircraft cabins KW - Airplanes KW - Fire fighting equipment KW - Fire sprinklers KW - Fires UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/544146 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00839968 AU - PRESTON, EDMUND AU - KRAUS, THERESA L AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - IN ANDREW'S PATH A HISTORICAL REPORT ON FAA'S RESPONSE TO AND RECOVERY FROM HURRICANE ANDREW. PY - 1993 IS - PB93-213767 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Disaster relief KW - Florida KW - Hurricane Andrew, 1992 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532228 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00840684 AU - OWEN, M R AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - THE MEMPHIS PRECISION RUNWAY MONITOR PROGRAM INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM FINAL APPROACH STUDY. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A266 035 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airport runways KW - Evaluation KW - Instrument landing systems KW - Radar air traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532553 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00841797 AU - SEGAL, H M AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - SUPPLEMENT A TO EDMS MICROCOMPUTER POLLUTION MODEL FOR CIVILIAN AIRPORTS AND AIR FORCE BASES. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A271 596 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aircraft exhaust gases KW - Airports KW - Computer programs KW - Environmental impacts KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532953 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00841836 AU - CAHILL, PATRICIA AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FULL-SCALE FIRE TESTING OF SEAT COMPONENT MATERIALS. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A273 499 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Fire testing KW - Fires KW - Flammability tests KW - Testing KW - Thermoplastic materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532964 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00842056 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - TECHNICAL SURVEILLANCE COUNTERMEASURES: INFORMATION GUIDE (TSCM).. PY - 1993 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Electronics KW - Handbooks KW - Manuals KW - Monitoring KW - Surveillance KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/533014 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00842740 AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - NATIONAL COALITION FOR AVIATION EDUCATION (U.S.) TI - A GUIDE TO AVIATION EDUCATION RESOURCES. PY - 1993 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Handbooks KW - United States UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/1000/1200/1281/resource.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19100/19128/PB2002104559.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/544328 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00839166 AU - COOK, ROBERT AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - SOFT-GROUND ARRESTING SYSTEM FOR COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A263 461 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Airport runways KW - Landing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/531985 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00838841 AU - HUTCHINSON, JOHN J AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - INTERNATIONAL AIRCRAFT OPERATOR INFORMATION SYSTEM. PY - 1993 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Air traffic control KW - Information storage and retrieval systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/531874 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00839749 AU - STETCHER, BAXTER R AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - NEXT GENERATION WEATHER RADAR (NEXRAD) PRINCIPAL USER PROCESSOR (PUP) OPERATIONAL TEST AND EVALUATION (OT&E) OPERATIONAL TEST PLAN. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A267 175 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Doppler radar KW - Radar KW - Radar air traffic control KW - Radar in aeronautics KW - United States KW - Weather forecasting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532174 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00840481 AU - Speitel, Louise C AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR WATER VAPOR COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS IN AIRCRAFT CABIN FIRES. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A269 688 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aircraft cabins KW - Airplanes KW - Fire fighting equipment KW - Fire sprinklers KW - Fires UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532491 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00840926 AU - UNITED STATES. SUBCOMMITTEE ON AVIATION. FOR SALE BY THE U.S. G.P.O., SUPT. OF DOCS., CONGRESSIONAL SALES OFFICE AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION AND THE NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD: HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON AVIATION OF THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION, UNITED STATES SENATE, ONE HUNDRED THIRD CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION, MAY 27, 1993.. SN - 0160416221 PY - 1993 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Air transportation crashes KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532625 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00842237 AU - KAY, EDWIN J AU - Civil Aeromedical Institute AU - LEHIGH UNIVERSITY AND HILTON SYSTEMS, INC. UNDER CONTRACT NO. TI - AGE 60 PROJECT CONSOLIDATED DATABASE EXPERIMENTS FINAL REPORT. PY - 1993 IS - N93-27851 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air pilots KW - Retirement KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/544155 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00842239 AU - RAMBONE, JAMES D AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ILS MATHEMATICAL MODELING STUDY OF THE RUNWAY 10 ILS LOCALIZER AT LUIS MUNOZ MARIN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO. PY - 1993 IS - N93-27017 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airport runways KW - Beacons KW - Instrument landing systems KW - Mathematical models KW - Runway localizing beacons UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/544157 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00841835 AU - WEISS, ROSANNE M AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - COMBINED 1991 AND 1992 ROBINSON - 22B (R-22) PARKING TEST RESULTS. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A273 550 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Design KW - Helicopters KW - Heliports KW - Landing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532963 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00842241 AU - RAMBONE, JAMES D AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ILS MATHEMATICAL MODELING STUDY OF AN ILS GLIDE SLOPE PROPOSED FOR RUNWAY 19L AT THE MERIDIAN NAVAL AIR STATION, MISSISSIPPI. PY - 1993 IS - N93-24741 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airport runways KW - Beacons KW - Instrument landing systems KW - Mathematical models KW - Runway localizing beacons UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/544159 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00842305 AU - UNITED STATES. SUBCOMMITTEE ON AVIATION. FOR SALE BY THE U.S. G.P.O., SUPT. OF DOCS., CONGRESSIONAL SALES OFFICE AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - DELAYS, TECHNICAL PROBLEMS, AND COST ESCALATION IN THE FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION'S ADVANCED AUTOMATION SYSTEM: HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON AVIATION OF THE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORTATION, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, ONE HUNDRED THIRD CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION, MARCH 10, 1993.. SN - 016040875X PY - 1993 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Airports KW - Automation KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/544168 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00842738 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - HAZARDOUS MATERIAL?: TIPS, FOR AIRLINE PASSENGERS.. PY - 1993 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air travel KW - Hazardous materials KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/544327 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00840870 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - INTEGRATED TERMINAL WEATHER SYSTEM (ITWS) 1992 ANNUAL REPORT. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A269 884 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Airports KW - Meteorology KW - Vertical wind shear KW - Weather forecasting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532602 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00842069 AU - THOMPSON, SCOTT A AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FLIGHT CHECK!: THE STORY OF FAA FLIGHT INSPECTION. PY - 1993 IS - 050-007-01010-9 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Airplanes KW - Inspection KW - Safety KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/533024 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00839133 AU - BENNER, WILLIAM AU - MALITSKY, CHRIS AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AIR TRAFFIC OPERATIONAL EVALUATION PLAN OF THE AUTOMATED SURFACE OBSERVING SYSTEM (ASOS) DISPLAYS. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A263 939 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Air traffic control KW - Automation KW - Meteorology KW - Weather forcasting KW - Weather forecasting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/531971 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00842238 AU - BRAGG, MICHAEL B AU - HEINRICH, DOUGLAS C AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - EFFECT OF UNDERWING FROST ON TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE. PY - 1993 IS - N93-27252 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Climate KW - Ice prevention KW - Takeoff UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/544156 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00839165 AU - THOMAS, JAMES AU - TIMOTEO, DOMINIC AU - TRANSUE, AMY E AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - VISUAL APPROACH DATA COLLECTION AT ST. LOUIS LAMBERT FIELD (STL). PY - 1993 IS - AD-A263 600 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Airports KW - Landing KW - Landing aids KW - Saint Louis (Missouri) KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/531984 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00840790 AU - LASEWICZ, VINCENT J AU - SMOLENSKY, MARK W AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - THE FAA TECHNICAL CENTER HUMAN FACTORS LABORATORY INFORMATION GUIDE. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A269 343 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Human factors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532579 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00840831 AU - CHEN, CHENG-HONG AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - MITRE CORPORATION UNDER CONTRACT NO. TI - VHF AIR/GROUND COMMUNICATIONS FOR AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL A DECISION TREE APPROACH TO SYSTEM INNOVATIONS. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A268 485 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Aids to air navigation KW - Air traffic control KW - Aircraft pilotage KW - Radio KW - Tactical air navigation system UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532588 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00841719 AU - MARKER, TIMOTHY R AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - WIDEBODY CABIN WATER SPRAY OPTIMIZATION TESTS. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A271 777 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aircraft cabins KW - Evaluation KW - Fire fighting equipment KW - Fire prevention KW - Fire sprinklers KW - Fires UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532922 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00842105 AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - UNITED STATES. FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICE TI - THE WRIGHT APPROACH.. PY - 1993 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airworthiness KW - Certification KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/533047 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00842240 AU - BELL, W E AU - HOANG, PHILLIP P AU - LIND, EDWARD N AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - DATA MULTIPLEXING NETWORK (DMN) PHASE III EXTENDED DISTANCE DATA CABLE (EDDC) TEST AND EVALUATION. PY - 1993 IS - N93-26160 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Airports KW - Automation KW - Evaluation KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/544158 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00840477 AU - PETRO, JOHN AU - RANDAZZO, PHILIP AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - TIME DELAY MEASUREMENTS OF CURRENT PRIMARY FAA AIR/GROUND TRANSMITTERS AND RECEIVERS. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A266 302 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Aids to air navigation KW - Air traffic control KW - Aircraft pilotage KW - Radio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532487 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00840791 AU - ZINGALE, CAROLINA AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - PRINCETON ECONOMIC RESEARCH, INC. UNDER CONTRACT NO. TI - INFLUENCE OF INDIVIDUAL EXPERIENCE AND FLIGHT STRIPS ON AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER MEMORY/SITUATIONAL AWARENESS. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A269 473 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Memory KW - Psychology KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532580 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00840946 AU - BENNER, WILLIAM AU - MALITSKY, CHRIS AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FINAL REPORT OF THE AIR TRAFFIC EVALUATION OF THE AUTOMATED SURFACE OBSERVING SYSTEM (ASOS) DISPLAYS. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A270 860 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Air traffic control KW - Meteorology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532630 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00841834 AU - NEWELL, O J AU - CULLEN, J A AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - LINCOLN LABORATORY UNDER CONTRACT NO. TI - ASR-9 MICROBURST DETECTION ALGORITHM. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A273 591 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Microbursts KW - Radar KW - Radar air traffic control KW - Radar in aeronautics KW - Vertical wind shear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532962 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00841849 AU - SCHELL, DONNA J AU - BECKLER, TINA M AU - SOUTH ATLANTIC DIVISION, U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE ASSESSMENT PROTOCOL--FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION (ECAP-FAA) FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION SOUTHERN REGION AIRWAY FACILITIES. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A272 283 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Airports KW - Environmental impact analysis KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental law KW - Environmental policy KW - Handbooks KW - Law KW - Manuals KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532973 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00838650 AU - MARTINEZ, RADAME' AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AIR TRAFFIC OPERATIONAL EVALUATION PLAN FOR THE PROTOTYPE AIRPORT SURVEILLANCE RADAR WIND SHEAR PROCESSOR (ASR-WSP) AT ORLANDO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A263 182 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Radar KW - Surveillance KW - Surveillance radar KW - Weather forcasting KW - Weather forecasting KW - Wind shear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/531794 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00839164 AU - MARTINEZ, RADAME' AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FINAL REPORT FOR THE ATC EVALUATION OF THE PROTOTYPE AIRPORT SURVEILLANCE RADAR WIND SHEAR PROCESSOR (ASR-WSP) AT ORLANDO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A263 561 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Radar KW - Surveillance KW - Surveillance radar KW - Weather forcasting KW - Weather forecasting KW - Wind shear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/531983 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00842226 AU - MARKER, TIMOTHY R AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - IMPACT OF IMPROVED MATERIALS AND CABIN WATER SPRAY ON COMMUTER AIRCRAFT POSTCRASH FIRE SURVIVABILITY. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A274 421 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Commuter aircraft KW - Fire fighting equipment KW - Fire sprinklers KW - Fires KW - Survival UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/544147 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00842665 AU - R&D PLAN REVIEW PANEL OF THE FAA RESEARCH, ENGINEERING AND DEVELOPMENT ADVISORY COMMITTEE AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - U.S. LEADERSHIP IN AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES: AN UPDATE OF THE EARLIER REVIEW OF THE FAA RESEARCH, ENGINEERING AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. PY - 1993 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Air traffic control KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/544280 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00838630 AU - DICKERSON, LEROY AU - BLAKE, DAVID AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - EFFECTIVENESS OF HAND-HELD FIRE EXTINGUISHERS ON CARGO CONTAINER FIRES. PY - 1993 IS - N93-21821 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Airplanes KW - Commodities KW - Equipment KW - Fire extinguishing agents KW - Fire fighting KW - Fires KW - Freight traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/531779 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00839970 AU - Wapelhorst, Leo AU - Pagano, Thomas AU - Van Dongen, John AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - RESULTS OF DATAS INVESTIGATION OF ATCRBS ENVIRONMENT AT THE LOS ANGELES INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A267 676 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Airplanes KW - Airports KW - Los Angeles Metropolitan Area KW - Radar air traffic control KW - Southern California UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/000/400/404/tn93_6.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532230 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00840682 AU - KAMINSKY, A D AU - Hollister, K M AU - BRENNAN, M J AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ATCRBS REPLY ENVIRONMENT AT MEMPHIS INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A266 322 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airports KW - Radar air traffic control KW - Testing KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532551 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00840869 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR THE PROMOTION OF ADVANCED FIRE RESISTANT AIRCRAFT INTERIOR MATERIALS. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A266 057 AB - No abstract provided. U1 - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR THE PROMOTION OF ADVANCED FIRE RESISTANT AIRCRAFT INTERIOR MATERIALSATLANTIC CITY, N.J.) ..CD: (1993: StartDate:00000 EndDate:00000 KW - Aircraft cabins KW - Fire resistant materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532601 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00841838 AU - WILLIAMS, CHERYL AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - SYSTEM SUPPORT COMPUTER COMPLEX-1 (SSCC-1) AN FAA TECHNICAL CENTER OPERATIONS CONCEPT DOCUMENT. PY - 1993 IS - AD-A273 351 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Design KW - Maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532966 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00663079 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - U.S. CIVIL AIRMEN STATISTICS: CALENDAR YEAR 1993 PY - 1993 SP - 182 p. AB - This report contains calendar year statistics on pilots and nonpilots and the number of certificates issued. It also contains counts of pilots and nonpilots by state and county. KW - Air pilots KW - Certification KW - Civil aviation KW - Flight training KW - Helicopters KW - Private enterprise KW - Statistics KW - Students UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/404908 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00837684 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration TI - GENERAL AVIATION POLICY STATEMENT.. PY - 1993 AB - No abstract provided. KW - General aviation KW - Policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/534764 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00838433 JO - WASHINGTON MONTHLY PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - SEGAL, DAVID TI - CRASH COW. PY - 1993 AB - APROPOSAL FOR NO-FAULT INSURANCE, PURCHASED WHEN RENEWING REGISTRATION. KW - Automobiles KW - Insurance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/535383 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00837686 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - CHAMBERLAIN, DEAN TI - FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICE -- SMALL SERVICE, BIG JOB A TYPICAL DAY OF AN INSPECTOR. PY - 1993 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Regulations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/534766 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00837689 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - DUNCAN, PHYLLIS ANNE TI - REBUILDING GENERAL AVIATION. PY - 1993 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Conferences KW - General aviation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/534767 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00837685 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - CHAMBERLAIN, DEAN TI - FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICE -- SMALL SERVICE, BIG JOB AVIATION SAFETY INSPECTORS. PY - 1993 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Regulations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/534765 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00838432 JO - WASHINGTON MONTHLY PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - LERNER, PRESTON TI - ROAD KILL. PY - 1993 AB - 8 ASUBTITLE: MOST TRUCKERS WORK HOURS THAT EXHAUST THEM, ENDANGER YOU, AND BREAK THE LAW: HERE'S HOW THE FEDS ARE PLANNING TO MAKE THE MATTER WORSE. KW - Truck drivers KW - Work rules UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/535382 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00835730 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - DUNCAN, PHYLLIS ANNE TI - PARKS COLLEGE OF SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY. PY - 1993 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Education and training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/530978 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00834795 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - RITTER, DOUGLAS S TI - STAYING ALERT IN THE COCKPIT. PY - 1993 AB - 8 ASUBTITLE: SLEEP DEPRIVATION AND ITS EFFECT UPON PILOT PERFORMANCE. KW - Air pilots KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/530088 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00834796 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - EDWARDS, MARY AU - EDWARDS, MARY TI - CREW COORDINATION PROBLEMS. PY - 1993 AB - ACOORDINATION BETWEEN COCKPIT PERSONNEL AND CABIN ATTENDANTS. KW - Aircraft pilotage KW - Flight attendants KW - Navigation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/530089 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00834797 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - CHAMBERLAIN, H DEAN AU - DUNCAN, PHYLLIS ANNE TI - CORPORATE FLYING: A DIFFERENT STANDARD DOES NOT MEAN LESS SAFETY. PY - 1993 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Business aviation KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/530090 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00834036 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - KJOS, KRISTINE AU - KJOS, KRISTINE TI - THROUGH THE YEARS -- A LOOK AT ATTITUDES TOWARD WOMEN IN AVIATION. PY - 1993 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air pilots KW - Air transportation KW - Females KW - History UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/529375 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00833188 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - KJOS, KRISTINE AU - KJOS, KRISTINE TI - THROUGH THE YEARS -- A LOOK AT ATTITUDES TOWARD WOMEN IN AVIATION. PY - 1993 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air pilots KW - Air transportation KW - Females KW - History UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/528546 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00833186 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - CHAMBERLAIN, DEAN TI - EMBRY-RIDDLE AERONAUTICAL UNIVERSITY. PY - 1993 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Education and training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/528544 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00833187 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Sanders, Rand M AU - SANDERS, RAND M TI - PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SMOKING AS RELATED TO FLIGHT. PY - 1993 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air pilots KW - Physical condition KW - Smoking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/528545 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00634523 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ISTEA AND INTERMODAL PLANNING: CONCEPT, PRACTICE, VISION SN - 0309054524 PY - 1993 IS - 240 SP - 179 p. AB - The Transportation Research Board, at the request of the U.S. Department of Transportation, acting through the modal administrations, developed and conducted a conference on the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) and intermodal planning issues. The conference objectives were to: (1) Review the evolution of the planning and funding of the U.S. transportation system; (2) Identify the new planning mechanisms developed in ISTEA that mandate transportation improvement programs and intermodal transportation management systems; (3) Identify issues that need to be addressed in order to achieve more economically and environmentally efficient transportation systems through the optimum combined use of various modes; and (4) Assess how these issues need to be integrated into the planning process. The conference was structured around several commissioned papers and presentations in order to frame the diverse agenda inherent in intermodal planning. This Special Report contains the conference proceedings. The contents are organized as follows: Chairman's Summary, C.M. Walton; Conference Findings, M.D. Meyer; Workshop Reports (Intermodal Partnerships; Multimodal Planning; Cross-Modal Comparisons; Intermodal Management Systems; and Vision and Potential for Intermodalism); Resource Papers (see individual entries in TRIS data base); Perspectives on the Conference; Steering Committee Biographical Information; and Participants. U1 - ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: Concept, Practice, VisionU.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:19921202 EndDate:19921204 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Conferences KW - Economic efficiency KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental quality KW - Finance KW - Intermodal management systems KW - Intermodal planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Intermodalism KW - Multimodal planning KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Partnerships KW - Planning KW - Transportation KW - Transportation Improvement Program KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378450 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00634525 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Meyer, Michael D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ISTEA AND INTERMODAL PLANNING: CONCEPT, PRACTICE, VISION. CONFERENCE FINDINGS SN - 0309054524 PY - 1993 IS - 240 SP - pp 4-15 AB - On December 2-4, 1992, 150 individuals interested in intermodal transportation attended the National Conference on ISTEA and Intermodal Planning Issues in Irvine, California, to discuss the concept of intermodalism, identify examples of good practice, and provide recommendations for research and technical guidance. At this conference, workshops were organized to enable participants to engage in group discussions on key intermodal issues. The workshops focused on intermodal partnerships, multimodal planning, cross-modal comparisons, intermodal management systems, and vision and potential for intermodalism. Questions were prepared for each group to guide discussion. Following the workshops, conference participants met in plenary sessions to hear the conclusions of the workshops and discuss their importance for intermodal planning. Resource papers prepared for the conference by professionals in the field were also presented in plenary sessions, and speakers with expertise in intermodal transportation addressed the conference. Because the steering committee expected that bridging the gaps between the many players involved in intermodal planning would be a key issue discussed at the conference, a panel discussion was organized to present reactions to the conference from the perspectives of a state department of transportation, a metropolitan planning organization, and the private sector. These important remarks are found at the end of the proceedings. Several themes and concepts arose repeatedly during conference discussions; they merit special attention and are summarized here in the Conference Findings under the following headings: "Intermodal" Defined; Partnerships; Transition; Intermodal Planning as a Process; Freight Movement in Planning; Emphasis on Performance; Intermodal Management Systems; Barriers to Effective Intermodal Planning; Research and Guidance; and Conclusion. U1 - ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: Concept, Practice, VisionU.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:19921202 EndDate:19921204 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Conferences KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal management systems KW - Intermodal planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Intermodalism KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Multimodal planning KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Partnerships KW - Performance KW - Planning KW - Research KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378452 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00634527 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Liburdi, Lillian AU - Transportation Research Board TI - KEYNOTE ADDRESS: THE PROMISE OF ISTEA SN - 0309054524 PY - 1993 IS - 240 SP - pp 55-61 AB - This keynote address discusses what the promises of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) are for highway interests, for state and local governments, for transportation planners, for environmentalists, for metropolitan planning organizations, for truckers and other highway users, for airport and seaport operators, for transit operators, and for all Americans. The positives and negatives of ISTEA are examined, and, in conclusion, it is pointed out that "ISTEA is like a sketch for a large mural that will be painted by many different artists. If properly coordinated, with the right sense of purpose, the individual efforts will blend together to make a richly diverse and beautiful work of art. However, there is a serious risk that the individual efforts will amount to an incoherent, clashing painting that diminishes its overall impact." Conference participants are encouraged to make it work by developing a vision for the future. U1 - ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: Concept, Practice, VisionU.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:19921202 EndDate:19921204 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration. KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378454 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00634531 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Maring, Gary AU - Rodgers, John AU - Diaz, Steven A AU - Harllee, Nan AU - Transportation Research Board TI - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MODAL ADMINISTRATION PANEL SN - 0309054524 PY - 1993 IS - 240 SP - pp 78-89 AB - In this conference resource paper, the following U.S. Department of Transportation modal agencies offer a perspective on intermodalism: the Federal Highway Administration (G. Maring); Federal Aviation Administration (J. Rodgers); Federal Transit Administration (S.A. Diaz); and the Maritime Administration (N. Harllee). The Federal Railroad Administration perspective is presented by G.E. Carmichael in a paper on pages 73-77 of this Special Report. G. Maring discusses the following five aspects of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA): (a) the first major program restructuring since the 1956 Interstate Highway Act, (b) the new funding flexibility, (c) the changes in planning and decision making, (d) the significantly higher authorization levels and the new opportunities for public-private funding, and (e) the intermodal thrust of the act. He also discusses technical assistance activities of FHWA. J. Rodgers discusses the following four aspects of ISTEA: airport development, intermodal links and airport access, environmental compatibility and airport capacity, and joint development, use, and financing of new technology. S.A. Diaz comments on the challenge, under ISTEA, of developing a true partnership to move goods and people, to contribute to the national goals of cleaner air, fuel conservation, and energy independence, to improve U.S. competitiveness in world markets, and to relieve congestion and other inefficiencies in domestic transportation. He also points out the range of intermodal projects being funded by FTA. N. Harllee discusses the impact of ISTEA on the port industry. She points out that, while ISTEA presents a great opportunity for ports and for the entire freight industry, it is not automatic--all have to work for it. U1 - ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: Concept, Practice, VisionU.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:19921202 EndDate:19921204 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration. KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Planning KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - U.S. Federal Transit Administration KW - U.S. Maritime Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378458 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00634534 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Fuller, John W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE ROAD TO INTERMODALISM SN - 0309054524 PY - 1993 IS - 240 SP - pp 113-129 AB - Since its heyday in the 1960s to the early 1970s, transportation planning in the United States has endured a long period of uncertainty, marked by professional questioning and political inattention. In this last decade of the century, however, new directives for planning and planners can be found in the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). Although it appears that transportation planners have major new tasks ahead along an uncertain new path, it should be remembered that not all that is being demanded of planners in the 1990s would seem particularly unusual to planners of past decades. To see what change might be required, it is useful to view the major eras and events in transportation planning during the last 30 years. This conference resource paper looks at the following eras in transportation planning: The 1962 Highway Act; Planning for Transit and the Environment in the Early 1970s; Early State Transportation Plans; Planning Shock: Energy and Financial Shortfalls; Shift of Responsibility to the States and Cities: The 1980s; and Characteristics of Today's U.S. Transportation System. The paper then discusses transportation planning in the 1990s and looks at the Wisconsin DOT approach to planning under ISTEA. Concluding remarks deal with future transportation planning directions. U1 - ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: Concept, Practice, VisionU.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:19921202 EndDate:19921204 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration. KW - Conferences KW - History KW - Intermodal planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Planning KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378461 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00634535 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Dahms, Lawrence D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - REGIONAL CONTEXT OF INTERMODAL DECISIONS SN - 0309054524 PY - 1993 IS - 240 SP - pp 130-137 AB - A metropolitan transportation planning process created by the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1965, and amended several times since by transportation and environmental laws, has created a regional framework for making transportation decisions in the context of other community values. In examining this regional context within which intermodal decisions are to be made, this conference resource paper addresses the following question: What can be learned from the metropolitan planning experience to help advance intermodal planning and systems analysis? The discussion begins with a comparison of the characteristics of metropolitan transportation systems with those of intermodal systems. It is seen that both systems provide transportation services, but they have little in common. There are, however, areas of overlap between intermodal and metropolitan transportation systems. The remainder of the paper examines these areas and their implications for fulfilling the mandates of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). U1 - ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: Concept, Practice, VisionU.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:19921202 EndDate:19921204 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Characteristics KW - City planning KW - Conferences KW - Decision making KW - Intermodal planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Planning KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378462 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00634528 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Starling, James Dane AU - Transportation Research Board TI - U.S. TRANSPORTATION COMMAND AND INTERMODAL PLANNING SN - 0309054524 PY - 1993 IS - 240 SP - pp 62-66 AB - The role of manager for defense transportation is filled by the U.S. Transportation Command (TRANSCOM). The command was created to be the Department of Defense's (DOD's) single manager for common user transportation and was organized to support commanders on the front lines. TRANSCOM is responsible for ensuring that the defense transportation system is prepared to meet the demands of the emerging national defense strategy. Creating TRANSCOM was the first and most crucial step in striving to achieve true intermodalism within DOD. This resource paper focuses on the implications of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) for intermodal initiatives at TRANSCOM. U1 - ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: Concept, Practice, VisionU.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:19921202 EndDate:19921204 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration. KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Intermodalism KW - National defense KW - Planning KW - U.S. Department of Defense KW - United States Transportation Command UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378455 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00634530 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Carmichael, Gilbert E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION PERSPECTIVE ON ISTEA SN - 0309054524 PY - 1993 IS - 240 SP - pp 73-77 AB - This conference resource paper discusses the specific rail-related elements of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). These elements are concentrated on three themes: (a) commuter rail lines, (b) passenger corridor improvements, and (c) intermodal connections. Concluding comments concern the building of an "ethical transportation system", which is defined as a transportation system that is safe, nonpolluting, energy efficient, and competitive. U1 - ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: Concept, Practice, VisionU.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:19921202 EndDate:19921204 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration. KW - Competition KW - Conferences KW - Connectivity KW - Energy efficiency KW - Ethics KW - Improvements KW - Intermodal planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Planning KW - Pollution control KW - Pollution prevention KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Railroad transportation KW - Safety KW - U.S. Federal Railroad Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378457 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00634537 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Helton, Jack D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DEVELOPING PARTNERSHIPS SN - 0309054524 PY - 1993 IS - 240 SP - pp 149-151 AB - The conference presentation by J.D. Helton on intermodal partnerships (pages 138-148 of this Special Report) prompted a number of conference participants to ask how the guidelines he presented should be followed and how the private partnerships he discussed were developed. These questions are answered in this paper, which was not presented at the conference. The examples provided are from the experience of Sea-Land Service, Inc., Arlington, Virginia, which has been successful in cultivating intermodal partnerships for several years. These partnerships have made a marked contribution to corporate market position, productivity, efficiency, and earnings. Developing these partnerships has involved the following: culture (predisposition), vision, strategy, and commitment. U1 - ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: Concept, Practice, VisionU.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:19921202 EndDate:19921204 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration. KW - Conferences KW - Consumers KW - Development KW - Intermodal planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Partnerships KW - Planning KW - Providers KW - Sea Land Service, inc. KW - Sea-land service, incorporated KW - Users UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378464 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00634524 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Walton, C Michael AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ISTEA AND INTERMODAL PLANNING: CONCEPT, PRACTICE, VISION. CHAIRMAN'S SUMMARY SN - 0309054524 PY - 1993 IS - 240 SP - pp 1-3 AB - In these summary remarks the conference Chairman gives a brief conference overview. He points out that this was the first Transportation Research Board conference to be cosponsored by all five modal administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation. He also states that the diversity of the conference participants and their harmonious efforts to shape an intermodal planning agenda demonstrated that pooled expertise must be the new, if not yet affirmed, approach to addressing the vision for transportation. U1 - ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: Concept, Practice, VisionU.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:19921202 EndDate:19921204 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration. KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378451 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00634526 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Martinez, Robert AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PERSPECTIVE FROM THE OFFICE OF INTERMODALISM SN - 0309054524 PY - 1993 IS - 240 SP - pp 47-54 AB - This conference resource paper discusses the role of the U.S. Department of Transportation's Office of Intermodalism and the potential significant changes in policy under the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) in the areas of planning and technology. Also discussed are the definition of the term "intermodalism" which was developed by the Office of Intermodalism, and the keystone of the highway transportation network--the National Highway System (NHS). Concluding comments concern U.S. productivity and transportation as a barometer of the future direction of U.S. economic policy. U1 - ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: Concept, Practice, VisionU.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:19921202 EndDate:19921204 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration. KW - Conferences KW - Definitions KW - Economic policy KW - Intermodal planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Intermodalism KW - National Highway System KW - Office of intermodalism, usdot KW - Planning KW - Productivity KW - Technology KW - Transportation policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378453 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00634532 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Coogan, Matthew A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - AIRPORT ACCESS: CASE STUDY IN INTERMODALISM SN - 0309054524 PY - 1993 IS - 240 SP - pp 90-98 AB - This conference resource paper discusses airport access as a case study, a microcosm of intermodal planning issues. The structure of the discussion is first concept, then practice, and finally vision. The paper concludes with the story of Grace Hughes. Grace and her family are entrepreneurs who own the Marin Airporter bus service. They built, with private funds, a bus terminal to serve people going to San Francisco International airport. Representatives of two airlines approached them with a proposal to sell their tickets at the bus terminal. The response was, "No, you are not welcome in my terminal unless you check people in, take their baggage, and give them a boarding pass right there." The airlines' response was, "We do not do that stuff. Our job starts at the airport. You are in the bus business, not us." The airline representatives were afraid that the baggage would get lost in the hold of the bus. Grace thought about it for a little while, and she came up with a brilliant, "high-tech" scheme. She won. They started to check baggage at Grace's facility. Her solution for this intermodal problem was as simple as a dog leash--one per set of baggage going to each airline. When the bus arrived at the airport, the bus driver unloaded the appropriate bundle of baggage. In several years of operation, they have never lost a single bag. U1 - ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: Concept, Practice, VisionU.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:19921202 EndDate:19921204 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration. KW - Airport access KW - Case studies KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378459 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00634533 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Migliorino, Gianni AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ITALY'S INTERMODAL ALTERNATIVE: THE SEA ROAD SN - 0309054524 PY - 1993 IS - 240 SP - pp 99-112 AB - This conference resource paper provides an international example of an innovative intermodal solution of a transport problem. The Viamare project is a case study in Italy's experiment to relieve acute highway truck congestion with a cost-efficient, short sea alternative. Ten years of planning and extensive cost-benefit analyses preceded the recent inauguration of the Viamare project. Through discussion of this project, an approach to cross-modal analysis, a focus area of the conference, is examined. U1 - ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: Concept, Practice, VisionU.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:19921202 EndDate:19921204 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration. KW - Analysis KW - Case studies KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Italy KW - Modal analysis KW - Mode choice KW - Planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378460 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00634529 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hendrix, Allan AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INTERMODAL EXPERIENCE OF THE CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION SN - 0309054524 PY - 1993 IS - 240 SP - pp 67-72 AB - This conference resource paper discusses intermodalism and the prospects for successes in intermodalism in the future from the perspective of the California Department of Transportation (CalTrans). Three key dimensions to intermodalism are examined. These are the modal dimension, the market segment or trip purpose, and connectivity, which is the dimension that traditionally has been called intermodal. Intermodal planning is a process of expanding and synthesizing these three dimensions into a system that accommodates freight and passengers and, at least in the view of CalTrans officials, also deals with some nontraditional transportation options, such as information technology. U1 - ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: Concept, Practice, VisionU.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:19921202 EndDate:19921204 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration. KW - California KW - Conferences KW - Freight transportation KW - Information technology KW - Intermodal planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Intermodalism KW - Passenger transportation KW - Planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378456 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00634536 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Helton, Jack D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INTERMODAL PARTNERSHIPS UNDER ISTEA SN - 0309054524 PY - 1993 IS - 240 SP - pp 138-148 AB - Given the increasing complexity of the intermodal transportation system and the diversity of the partners involved, there is a critical need to build effective working relationships between the providers and the users (customers) of transportation systems. A successful partnership will find ways to improve the efficiency of existing systems and provide input from a broader base for future planning. Internal partnerships (relationships between transportation-related organizations) and external partnerships (relationships between the organizations and the customer) are addressed in this conference resource paper. The following are identified: common reasons for a partnership; partnership characteristics; shared commitments; intermodal partners; and possible impediments and resolutions. U1 - ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: Concept, Practice, VisionU.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:19921202 EndDate:19921204 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration. KW - Characteristics KW - Conferences KW - Consumers KW - Intermodal planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Partnerships KW - Planning KW - Providers KW - Users UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378463 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00633280 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - HELICOPTER CEO WORKSHOP, MIAMI BEACH, FLORIDA, OCTOBER 29 & 30, 1992 PY - 1993 SP - 39 p. AB - This workshop was the second in what is intended to be a continuing series of exchanges between the makers and users of helicopters. Sponsors included the Helicopter Association International (HAI), the American Helicopter Society (AHS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the Transportation Research Board (TRB). Participants included forty senior executives of the civil helicopter industry, made up of like numbers of manufacturers and operators and assisted by representatives of the sponsoring organizations. Most of the time was devoted to four concurrent small working group meetings. All groups had the same agenda: (1) Review the findings of the November 1991 workshop, with emphasis on how to continue the momentum; (2) Identify key problems and opportunities for action; (3) Describe prospective solutions and initiatives; (4) Suggest steps to implement solutions or to act on initiatives; and (5) Identify specific roles for manufacturers, operators, industry associations (HAI and AHS), and the FAA. This publication contains a summary of the findings and conclusions of the workshop, and the four working group reports. KW - American helicopter society KW - Helicopter Association International KW - Helicopter transportation KW - Implementation KW - Industries KW - Operators (Persons) KW - Problem identification KW - Problem solving KW - Transportation Research Board KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374275 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00669161 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - CENSUS U.S. CIVIL AIRCRAFT CALENDAR YEAR 1992 PY - 1992/12/31 SP - 406 p. AB - This report presents information about the U.S. civil aircraft fleet. It includes detailed tables of air carrier aircraft and an inventory of registered aircraft by manufacturer and model, and general aviation aircraft by state and county of the owner. KW - Aircraft industry KW - Census KW - Civil aircraft KW - Industries KW - Scale models KW - Structural models UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/410740 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666327 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AIRPORT ACTIVITY STATISTICS OF CERTIFICATED ROUTE AIR CARRIERS, 1992 PY - 1992/12/31 SP - 373 p. AB - There are some major changes in this publication due to the new T-100 data collection system for U.S. air carriers which began January 1, 1990. The format has been changed to comply with the regulations of 14 CFR 241.19.6 that restrict public disclosure of T-100 detail and summary international data. Non U.S. airport data does not appear. Data is no longer broken out by domestic or international operations at airports, only system operations are shown. This edition presents the volume of revenue passenger, freight, and mail traffic handled by the nation's large certified air carriers at each airport served by these scheduled airlines during the 12 months ending December 31, 1993. In addition, a presentation of aircraft departures is shown including detail by aircraft type for total departures performed in scheduled, nonscheduled, and all services. Large certificated air carriers hold Certificates of Public Convenience and Necessity issued by the Department of Transportation (DOT) authorizing the performance of air transportation. Large certificated air carriers operate aircraft with seating capacity of more than 60 seats or a maximum payload capacity of more than 18,000 pounds. Data for charter only, commuter, intra-state, and foreign-flag air carriers are not included in this publication. KW - Activities leading to information generation KW - Airlines KW - Airport operations KW - Freight traffic KW - Passenger traffic KW - Postal service KW - Reports UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405853 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00663072 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - CENSUS OF U.S. CIVIL AIRCRAFT: CALENDAR YEAR 1992 PY - 1992/12/31 SP - v.p. AB - This report presents information about the U.S. civil aircraft fleet. It includes detailed tables of air carrier aircraft and an inventory of registered aircraft by manufacturer and model, and general aviation aircraft by state and county of the owner. KW - Airlines KW - Civil aircraft KW - General aviation KW - General aviation aircraft KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406631 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00629102 AU - Webster, S L AU - U.S. Army Waterways Experiment Station AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - GEOGRID REINFORCED BASE COURSES FOR FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS FOR LIGHT AIRCRAFT: TEST SECTION CONSTRUCTION, BEHAVIOR UNDER TRAFFIC, LABORATORY TESTS, AND DESIGN CRITERIA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1992/12 SP - 100 p. AB - A previous interim report presented the results of a literature review investigating geogrid reinforced base courses for flexible pavements for light aircraft and the design of a geogrid test section for field testing the validity of potential geogrid reinforcement results. This report describes the construction of the field test section, the behavior of the test section under traffic testing using a 30,000 lb single tire load, the data collected, laboratory tests that were conducted on the various geogrid products used in the field test section, and development of design criteria for geogrid base reinforcement for flexible pavements for light aircraft. Test results verified the validity of geogrid reinforced base courses for flexible pavements for light aircraft. A geogrid reinforcement product equivalent to the SS-2 geogrid used in the field tests can reduce the total pavement design thickness. The geogrid performance is a function of depth of placement. The thickness reductions range from approximately 40% for unreinforced pavement thicknesses of 11 in. to 5% for 20-in.-thick pavements. The geogrid reinforcement performs best when placed between the base course and subgrade. The improvement mechanisms for geogrid reinforcement include grid interlock with aggregate base material, subgrade confinement, and to some extent a tensioned membrane effect. The geogrid property requirements for optimum performance are not totally known at this time. The performance of the various geogrid products tested ranged from no improvement up to a 40% reduction in total pavement thickness requirement. A relatively rigid sheet-type product (SS-2) performed the best. KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Field tests KW - Flexible pavements KW - Geogrids KW - Geotextiles KW - Laboratory tests KW - Pavement thickness KW - Pavements KW - Performance evaluations KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Small aircraft KW - Test results KW - Test sections KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/369395 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01090716 AU - Wapelhorst, Leo AU - Pagano, Thomas AU - Van Dongen, John AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - The Effect of TCAS Interrogations on the Chicago O'Hare ATCRBS System PY - 1992/11//Final Report SP - 44p AB - This report documents the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) data collection and analysis effort to investigate Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) problems encountered at the Chicago O'Hare Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) facility. The FAA has mandated the implementation of Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) II to the entire air transport fleet by December 31, 1993. To provide for the smooth and orderly implementation of TCAS II, the TCAS Transition Program has been established to accomplish these objectives. The FAA Technical Center Research Directorate for Aviation Technology, ACD-320, conducted the investigation by developing the data collection system capability of the Data Link Test and Analysis System (DATAS). Two distinct capabilities were developed to monitor the uplink and downlink activity of the SSR system frequencies. The uplink data collection system is an airborne installation of DATAS on an FAA aircraft and test flights were conducted to obtain the uplink data. The downlink data collection system was installed at the ground radar facility to monitor the Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System (ATCRBS) receiver signal for downlink analysis. Data results and analysis of both efforts are documented herein. KW - Air traffic control radar beacon system KW - Approach control KW - Chicago O'Hare International Airport KW - Data collection KW - Data Link Test and Analysis System KW - Terminal radar approach control (TRACON) KW - Traffic alert and collision avoidance system UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/000/300/309/tn92_22.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/850904 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00936678 AU - Vortac, O U AU - Edwards, M B AU - Jones, J P AU - Manning, C A AU - Rotter, A J AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman TI - EN ROUTE AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS' USE OF FLIGHT PROGRESS STRIPS: A GRAPH-THEORETIC ANALYSIS PY - 1992/11 SP - 17 p. AB - In the United States, flight data are represented on a paper Flight Progress Strip (FPS). The role of the FPS has recently attracted attention because of plans to automate this aspect of air traffic control. The communication activities and FPS activities of air traffic controllers were categorized while they controlled air traffic of varying complexity. Transition networks were derived from the empirical transitions. These networks indicated that several aspects of air traffic control generalize across complexity, including the centrality of writing-on-the-FPSs to the control of traffic. Complexity was a factor when FPSs were used with high complexity traffic situations, requiring the controller to direct uninterrupted periods of time to the management of the FPSs rather than integrating these board management responsibilities with the responsibilities of separating aircraft. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Aircraft separation KW - Automation KW - Communication KW - Enroute traffic control KW - Flight progress strips KW - Graph-theoretic analysis KW - Networks UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am92-31.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730010 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00936677 AU - Della Rocco, P S AU - Milburn, N AU - Mertens, H AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCE ON THE SHIPLEY INSTITUTE OF LIVING SCALE, AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SPECIALIST SELECTION TEST, AND FAA ACADEMY SCREEN PY - 1992/11 SP - 6 p. AB - This study was conducted to establish norms for air traffic control specialist (ATCS) personnel on a group test of intellectual functioning, the Shipley Institute of Living Scale (SILS), to screen subjects for future research on the effects of ATCS-related stressors on complex task performance. The SILS provides both verbal (Vocabulary) and cognitive performance (Abstraction) measures of general intellectual functioning. The relationship between SILS and performance of ATCSs in the Federal Aviation Administration Academy Nonradar Screen Program (NSP) was also assessed. ATCSs undergo a two-stage selection process: (a) the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) Air Traffic Control Specialist Battery and (b) the NSP, a nine-week performance-based screening course at the FAA Academy. The Shipley was administered to three entering groups of new hires (N=563) upon their arrival at the FAA Academy. SILS scores were converted to estimated WAIS Full Scale intelligence scores. The SILS measures were compared to scores (a) on the OPM selection battery and (b) in the NSP. SILS Total, Abstraction, and estimated WAIS-R scores were better predictors of NSP performance than were the SILS Vocabulary Subtest scores. Moderate correlations were found between the final academy score and the SILS and OPM measures. ATCS applicants scored higher on the Abstraction Subtest than the Vocabulary Subtest. ATCSs tend to be above average in intelligence, and tests of cognitive performance tend to be better predictors of overall NSP performance than verbal measures. The normative data can serve as an effective general intelligence screen for subjects involved in ATCS-related research. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Aptitude tests KW - Cognition KW - Human subject testing KW - Intelligence KW - Personnel performance KW - Selection and appointment UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/1992/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730009 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00936676 AU - Mertens, H W AU - Milburn, N J AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - VALIDITY OF CLINICAL COLOR VISION TESTS FOR AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SPECIALISTS PY - 1992/10 SP - 14 p. AB - An experiment on the relationship between aeromedical color vision screening test performance and performance on color-dependent tasks of Air Traffic Control Specialists (ATCS) was replicated to expand the data base supporting the job-related validity of the screening tests. The original experiment (Mertens, 1990; n=108), and the replication (n=136) involved a total of 121 normal trichromats, 31 simple and 44 extreme anamalous trichromats, and 48 dichromats; both protans and deutans were included. The simulations of ATCS color tasks which served as validation criteria were flight progress strips (en route centers), aircraft lights and the aviation signal light indicator (ATC terminal operations), and color weather radar (flight service station and en route center facilities). The validities (Kappa) of aeromedical screening tests ranged from 0.44 to 0.91 for prediction of error free performance on all color dependent tasks. The aeromedical screening tests were generally acceptable in terms of selecting individuals who did not make errors, but several tests had high false alarm rates. The high job-related validity of several aeromedical color vision tests was confirmed. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Color KW - Color blind persons KW - Color vision KW - Human error KW - Personnel performance KW - Radar displays KW - Selection and appointment KW - Signal lights KW - Validity KW - Vision tests UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am92-29.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730008 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00568530 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - COMMERCIAL PILOT WRITTEN TEST BOOK PY - 1992/09/01 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Airplanes KW - Education and training KW - Examinations KW - Pilotage KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/331105 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00563959 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - INSTRUMENT RATING QUESTION BOOK, 1990 PY - 1992/09/01 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Education and training KW - Examinations KW - Instrument flying KW - Pilotage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/325503 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00563850 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - RECREATIONAL PILOT AND PRIVATE PILOT WRITTEN TEST BOOK PY - 1992/09/01 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Airplanes KW - Education and training KW - Examinations KW - Pilotage KW - Private flying KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/325494 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00559253 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AVIATION MECHANIC AIRFRAME: QUESTION BOOK PY - 1992/09/01 SP - 6 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Education and training KW - Examinations KW - Maintenance KW - Mechanics (Persons) KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/323392 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00558153 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AVIATION MECHANIC POWERPLANT: QUESTION BOOK, 1990 PY - 1992/09/01 SP - 5 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Education and training KW - Examinations KW - Maintenance KW - Mechanics (Persons) KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/322929 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00555371 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AVIATION MECHANIC GENERAL: QUESTION BOOK, 1990 PY - 1992/09/01 SP - 3 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Education and training KW - Examinations KW - Maintenance KW - Mechanics (Persons) KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/317475 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00826775 AU - Philips, Charles O AU - Burnham, David AU - Jacobs, Leo AU - Hazen, David AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - 1991 LLWAS ANEMOMETER TEST PROGRAM. PY - 1992/09 SP - 112 p AB - Performance tests of anemometers under icing and snow conditions were conducted during 1990-1991 on the test field at Rochester, MN, and in icing chambers and wind tunnels at Sterling, VA. These tests were done for the FAA LLWAS program which tested the sensors for the next phase of LLWAS. All units that passed the icing chamber test were in the field test. A propeller/vane sensor that failed the icing chamber test was put in the field as a reference. All the units that passed were not affected by the icing chamber although a mechanical unit was affected by snow during one event. Wind tunnel tests were done to check starting thresholds and calibration anomalies found in the field. It was concluded that there is no one "winning" technology that could be found from the tests. KW - Aeronautics KW - Anemometers KW - Meteorology KW - Microbursts KW - Vertical wind shear KW - Wind shear UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34200/34295/DOT-VNTSC-FAA-92-06.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/516439 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00936673 AU - Manning, C A AU - Broach, D AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - IDENTIFYING ABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR OPERATORS OF FUTURE AUTOMATED AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS PY - 1992/08 SP - 28 p. AB - This study investigates the impact on air traffic controller ability requirements that may result from implementation of a future stage of air traffic control automation. Accurate identification of ability requirements depends on knowledge of the job tasks to be performed, but only general information is currently available about the job tasks associated with later stages of air traffic control automation. In this study, nine air traffic controllers who had analyzed operational requirements for a future stage of automation (a) described how controllers would perform four job tasks using the automation, (b) assessed the degree to which nine specific abilities were likely to be required to perform the automated tasks, and (c) assessed whether the amount of each ability required to perform the automated tasks would be different than the amount of the ability required to perform the equivalent tasks in the current system. The controllers thought that some changes will occur in the presentation of information, much of the requirement for verbal coordination will be removed, and much of the detailed information that the controller must be present will be supplanted by automation aids. At the same time, these controllers suggested that the future controller will have to have about the same levels as required today of the abilities discussed in the study to perform the tasks included in the study. They also did not think that any new abilities would be required to perform the job using extensive automation aids. KW - Abilities KW - Air traffic control KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Automation KW - Coordination KW - Forecasting KW - Future KW - Information dissemination KW - Task analysis UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am92-26.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730005 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00936674 AU - McLean, G A AU - Chittum, C B AU - Funkhouser, G E AU - Fairlie, G W AU - Folk, E W AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - EFFECTS OF SEATING CONFIGURATION AND NUMBER OF TYPE III EXITS ON EMERGENCY AIRCRAFT EVACUATION PY - 1992/08 SP - 13 p. AB - An increase in the required pathway width from aircraft center aisles to Type III overwing exits is being weighed by the Federal Aviation Administration. To augment the analysis, an examination of seat/exit configuration effects on simulated emergency egress was conducted. Four subject groups traversed four different seat/exit configurations in a counter-balanced, repeated-measures design. Pathway width was modified by altering seat pitch. In single-exit trials, results showed the fastest times and highest flow-rates occurred with a 20-inch pathway between triple seats or a 10-inch pathway between double seats. Double exits produced 36% shorter egress times, although flow-rates declined 11% and exit plug removal times increased 32%, compared to single exits. Efficient egress requires optimization of the space around the exit. Generally, wider pathways and fewer obstructions enhance this process; however, when available space exceeds individual passenger needs, conflicts may be produced which inhibit egress. KW - Aircraft cabins KW - Aviation safety KW - Controlled trials KW - Emergency exits KW - Evacuation KW - Optimization KW - Seats KW - Simulation KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - Walkways UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am92-27.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730006 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00936675 AU - Mertens, H W AU - Milburn, N AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - PERFORMANCE OF COLOR-DEPENDENT TASKS OF ATCSS AS A FUNCTION OF TYPE AND DEGREE OF COLOR VISION DEFICIENCY PY - 1992/08 SP - 15 p. AB - This experiment was conducted to expand initial efforts to validate the requirement for normal color vision in air traffic control specialist (ATCS) personnel who work at en route center, terminal, and flight service station facilities. An enlarged data base was developed involving 121 individuals with normal color vision, 31 simple and 44 extreme anomalous trichromats, and 48 dichromats; both protans and duetans were included. The performance of subjects with normal color vision was compared with the performance of individuals in various classifications of color vision deficiency on a battery of color-dependent ATCS tasks. Simulations of the ATC color tasks concerned color coding in flight progress strips (at en route centers), aircraft lights and Aviation Signal Light indicator (in tower operations), and color weather radar (at flight service stations). Errors were rare among normal trichromats. Mean errors were significantly higher at every level (degree) of color vision deficiency than in normals. Approximately 6% of color deficient subjects were able to perform ATC color tasks without error. The 6% were all from the simple anomalous trichromat category; all extreme anomalous trichromats and dichromats were prone to error on ATC tasks. These findings provide support for the requirement of normal color vision in initial medical screening of ATCS personnel. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Color KW - Color blind persons KW - Color vision KW - Enroute traffic control KW - Flight service stations KW - Human error KW - Human subject testing KW - Personnel performance KW - Signal lights KW - Terminal air traffic control KW - Vision tests UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am92-28.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730007 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634249 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FEDERAL AVIATION PLAN FOR RESEARCH, ENGINEERING AND DEVELOPMENT, 1991 PY - 1992/08 SP - 172 p. AB - The FAA plan for Research, Engineering and Development (R,E&D) describes the FAA's effort to develop the technologies necessary to build a robust National Airspace System (NAS) as we progress into the next century. The R,E&D Plan contains projects that provide a system engineering approach to address a myriad of issues in order to increase NAS capacity and efficiency while maintaining the high level of safety the flying public demands. These R,E&D efforts are the lifeline to the future and a necessary requirement to maintain the United States global leadership. KW - Aviation KW - Aviation safety KW - Development KW - Engineering KW - Engineering standards KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Standards KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374685 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00627048 AU - Shoenberger, J E AU - Tom, J G AU - U.S. Army Waterways Experiment Station AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - POLYPROPYLENE FIBERS IN PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1992/08 SP - 116 p. AB - This report provides the information obtained from a literature search, site visits, and a laboratory study of polypropylene fibers in portland cement concrete (PCC). The literature search yielded information from numerous laboratory studies of the material properties of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete (PFRC). The literature showed that, for the low fiber volumes (0.1%) recommended by most manufacturers, there was marginal improvement in toughness, fatigue, impact resistance, permeability, shrinkage, and wear resistance. Limited construction has taken place on PFRC suitable for airport construction. Most construction has been of slabs-on-grade and structural slabs. The laboratory study showed that, at 0.1% by volume of fibers, the reinforced concrete did not provide appreciable enhancement of material properties over non-reinforced PCC. KW - Airport runways KW - Concrete KW - Concrete shrinkage KW - Durability KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fiber reinforced concrete KW - Guides to the literature KW - Laboratory tests KW - Literature reviews KW - Permeability KW - Polypropylene KW - Properties of materials KW - Shrinkage KW - Toughness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/368563 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01109062 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Federal Aviation Administration Office of System Capacity and Requirements Near Term Capacity Initiatives PY - 1992/07 SP - 12p AB - The capacity initiatives contained herein offer near-term solutions toward improving the nation's aviation system capacity. Based on the application and refinement of new systems and procedures, these initiatives promise an increase in capacity with relatively little financial investment or systems development. Users can look forward to receiving benefits from these procedures within the next year without the requirement for extensive certification of new airborne and ground-based systems. Two terms which are used in describing some of the procedures need clarification. They are independent and dependent procedures. Independent procedures are so called because aircraft arriving along one flight path do not affect arrivals along another flight path. Dependent procedures place restrictions between the various arrival streams of aircraft, because their proximity to each other has the potential for some interference. This pamphlet offers the reader a description of near-term capacity initiatives, their intended purpose, an indication of which airports may benefit, and the target implementation dates. KW - Air traffic control KW - Air transportation KW - Airport capacity KW - Airport operations KW - Airport runways KW - Approach control KW - Aviation safety KW - Landing UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19100/19110/PB2002104525.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/865862 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01100252 AU - Abbas, Mahmoud S AU - Walker, Cindy A AU - Louisiana Transportation Research Center AU - Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Louisiana Airport System Plan: Financial Assessment PY - 1992/07//Final Report SP - 41p AB - This report is intended to identify costs and estimates for the improvements identified for Louisiana airports participating in the five-year planning horizon. A database was developed from airport master plans and standard unit costs from recent Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development construction projects in the area of each airport in order to determine the cost estimates. The planning process has also attempted to identify the development needs for the airports. KW - Airport planning KW - Airports KW - Cost estimating KW - Financing KW - Improvements KW - Louisiana KW - Strategic planning UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/fr_272.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/860196 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01100246 AU - Abbas, Mahmoud S AU - Louisiana Transportation Research Center AU - Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Louisiana Airport System Plan: Measures of Performance PY - 1992/07//Final Report SP - 193p AB - This report applies measures of performance to gauge the extent to which the airport system achieves its goals and objectives by the implementation of the Louisiana Airport System Plan. Measures of performance are expressed as percentages of the given demographic or economic centers that are being served by a particular class of airports in the state system. Measures of performance are intended to measure the access and intensity of service coverage provided by airports to the population and economic activity areas of the state. KW - Airport access KW - Airport planning KW - Airports KW - Level of service KW - Louisiana KW - Performance measurement KW - Strategic planning UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/fr_269.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/860194 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01100244 AU - Abbas, Mahmoud S AU - Louisiana Transportation Research Center AU - Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Louisiana Airport System Plan: Goals, Objectives, Criteria, and Standards PY - 1992/07//Final Report SP - 38p AB - This document establishes the goals, objectives, performance measures, entry criteria, design standards and general procedures used to update the Louisiana Airport System Plan (LASP). The goals and objectives identified for the airport system are used as a guide to define the service level and role for a LASP airport. The FAA Airport Improvement Program funding categories and priority system, LASP airport development standards, and application of design standards to the LASP role are also laid out in this report. KW - Airport Improvement Program KW - Airport planning KW - Airports KW - Design standards KW - Financing KW - Level of service KW - Louisiana KW - Performance measurement KW - Strategic planning UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/fr_268.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/860193 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01100242 AU - Abbas, Mahmoud S AU - Walker, Cindy A AU - Louisiana Transportation Research Center AU - Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Louisiana Airport System Plan: Five-Year Capital Improvement Program PY - 1992/07//Final Report SP - 125p AB - The Louisiana Airport System Plan (LASP) Five-Year Capital Improvement Program (CIP) is a development plan for all commercial service, reliever, and general aviation airports in Louisiana. It is a detailed listing of potential projects based on the anticipated funding levels of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Airport Improvement Program (AIP), the Louisiana Aviation Trust Fund, and the Louisiana Transportation Infrastructure Model for Economic Development (TIME) fund. KW - Airport Improvement Program KW - Airport planning KW - Airports KW - Capital improvement programs KW - Financing KW - Louisiana KW - Strategic planning UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/fr_271.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/860195 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00936672 AU - Huffine, E F AU - Canfield, D V AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ENHANCEMENT OF DRUG DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION BY USE OF VARIOUS DERIVATIZING REAGENTS ON GC-FTIR ANALYSIS PY - 1992/07 SP - 9 p. AB - Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) is a common non-prescription sympathomimetic amine. As such, it is frequently detected during forensic analysis. The presence of phenylpropanolamine can be confirmed by using Gas Chromatograph-Fourier Transform Infrared (GC-FTIR) spectrophotometry. One constraint of the GC-FTIR is the quantity of material required to obtain a suitable IR spectrum. If a drug is a relatively weak infrared absorber, several micrograms may be required in order to obtain a clear, reliable spectrum. One method that can be used to increase a drug's infrared absorption is to derivatize the drug with a polyfluorinated acid anhydride. Since carbonyl and carbon-fluorine bonds are strong infrared absorbers, molecules that possess such bonds have a heightened sensitivity to GC-FTIR analysis. Polyfluorinated acid anhydrides are capable of adding both carbonyl and carbon-fluorine bonds to drugs that possess either a hydroxyl, primary or secondary amine, or primary or secondary amide functional groups. Several derivatizing reagents were used and the extent to which they enhanced the identification of phenylpropanolamine were compared. Of the reagents studied, heptafluorobutyric acid anhydride (HFAA) produced the greatest increase in the phenylpropanolamine's sensitivity to GC-FTIR identification. Prior to derivatization, 1.8 micrograms of phenylpropanolamine was required for identification on the GC-FTIR, while only 0.032 micrograms of phenylpropanolamine was required after derivatization with HFAA. KW - Amines KW - Drugs KW - Forensic medicine KW - Gas chromatography KW - Heptafluorobutyric acid anhydride KW - Infrared spectroscopy KW - Phenylpropanolamine KW - Reagents UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am92-25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730004 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00936671 AU - Canfield, D V AU - Kupiec, T AU - Huffine, E AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - POSTMORTEM ALCOHOL PRODUCTION IN FATAL AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS PY - 1992/07 SP - 6 p. AB - During 1989 and 1990, the Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI) received specimens from 975 victims of fatal aircraft accidents. The maximum concentration of ethanol allowed under FAA regulations (0.04%, 40mg/dL) was exceeded in 79 of these cases (8%). It was determined based on the distribution of ethanol in urine, vitreous, blood, and tissue that 21 of the positive cases (27%) were from postmortem alcohol production. Twenty-two of the positive cases (28%) were found to be from the ingestion of ethanol. In 36 cases (45%) no determination could be made in regards to the origin of the ethanol. In two cases, postmortem alcohol production exceeded 0.15% (150mg/dL). The opinion held by some toxicologists that postmortem alcohol production can be inferred from the presence of acetaldehyde, acetone, butanol, and other volatiles was found to be incorrect. Several cases with postmortem ethanol had no other volatiles. Volatile compounds were found in several cases where no ethanol was present. In addition, a case was found where the relative ethanol concentrations in blood, bile, and vitreous humor were solely consistent with the ingestion of ethanol, but acetaldetayde, acetone, and 2-butanol were also found in blood. This clearly indicates that the presence or absence of other volatiles does not establish postmortem ethanol production. KW - Aircraft crash victims KW - Alcohols KW - Blood analysis KW - Crash investigation KW - Ethanol KW - Forensic medicine KW - Specimens KW - Volatile compounds UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am92-24.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730003 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00936670 AU - White, V AU - Canfield, D V AU - Hordinsky, J R AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - THE IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTITATION OF TRIAMTERENE IN BLOOD AND URINE FROM A FATAL AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT PY - 1992/07 SP - 7 p. AB - Triamterene, a diuretic drug used in combination with other drugs for the treatment of hypertension, was found in the blood and urine of a fatal aircraft accident victim. The extraction and identification of triamterene is difficult. It exhibits poor extraction efficiency using some standard base extraction procedures and the parent drug is unsuitable for analysis using gas chromatography. In this case a thin layer chromatography solvent system and high performance liquid chromatography were used to identify and quantitate triamterene in blood and urine. Triamterene is a strong absorber in the ultraviolet (UV) region and has an unusual UV spectrum, which simplifies the identification and quantitation of this substance by high performance liquid chromatography. KW - Aircraft crash victims KW - Blood analysis KW - Crash investigation KW - Drugs KW - Forensic medicine KW - Hypertension KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Triamterene KW - Ultraviolet spectroscopy KW - Urinalysis UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am92-23.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730002 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634808 AU - Stein, E S AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL VISUAL SCANNING PY - 1992/07 SP - 108 p. AB - Air traffic controllers scan multiple displays to gather information necessary to make critical decisions in order to separate aircraft flying in the National Airspace System (NAS). When controllers make an error, they often respond that they did not see a piece of information that was right in fron of them. Little is known about how controllers systematically scan their displays. This study was undertaken to determine whether there were patterns of scanning that characterized personnel with different levels of skill. Ten FAA controllers from a very active Terminal Radar Approach Control Facility (TRACON) participated in this study in which they controlled simulated radar traffic while their eye movements were monitored with an occulometer. This device allowed the computation of fixation frequencies and saccade duration during dynamic operations. Results indicated that the more experienced personnel had higher fixation frequencies than those who were in training. There were also significant changes in scanning behavior over time that the controllers worked. This occurred irrespective of experience and indicated that it takes between 5 and 10 minutes for the remainder of the work period. This suggests the importance of systematic relief period as personnel come on to control position. KW - Air traffic control KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Scanners KW - Scanning KW - Signals KW - Terminal operations KW - Visual signals UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374950 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01322397 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Proceedings of the Aircraft Wake Vortices Conference, Volume II, Papers 30-55 PY - 1992/06//Final Report SP - 588p AB - This volume contains the proceedings of the international conference of Aircraft Wake Vortices held at the Quality Hotel Capitol Hill, Washington. DC, on October 29-31, 1991. The contributed papers discuss technological advances in the knowledge of the phenomenon, its effect on aircraft and airport capacity, detection techniques, and vortex avoidance schemes. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Aircraft operations KW - Aircraft separation KW - Airport capacity KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Technological innovations KW - Vortices KW - Wakes UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34200/34297/DOT-VNTSC-FAA-92-07-2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1082804 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00936669 AU - England, H M AU - Wilcox, B C AU - McLean, G A AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - COMPARISONS OF MOLECULAR SIEVE OXYGEN CONCENTRATORS FOR POTENTIAL MEDICAL USE ABOARD COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT PY - 1992/06 SP - 10 p. AB - Medically-impaired air travelers requiring supplemental oxygen must depend on airlines to provide oxygen cylinders. Performance, space, and cost are considerations in providing this service. Tests were conducted in an altitude chamber to assess the viability of Molecular Sieve Oxygen Concentrators (MSOC) as an alternative. Five different MSOC were placed in the altitude chamber, and connected to a mass spectrometer outside. Gas concentration was digitized at one sample-per-second and stored on line via a microcomputer. Tests at ground level showed four of the five MSOC produced oxygen at 95% purity at 2 liters per minute flow, which was maintained until 13,000 feet. Increasing altitude resulted in graded reductions of oxygen levels. At 25,000 feet, only two MSOC withstood sudden decompression. Results of this study indicate that some MSOC indeed have the potential to provide oxygen for the medically-impaired air traveler. KW - Altitude KW - Decompression KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Medical equipment KW - Oxygen equipment KW - Passengers UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/am92-22.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730001 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00936668 AU - Witt, L A AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - PROCEDURAL JUSTICE, OCCUPATIONAL IDENTIFICATION, AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT PY - 1992/06 SP - 13 p. AB - Extending Tyler's (1989) group-value model, the present study tested the hypothesis that procedural justice may be of differential salience in the development of organizational commitment among individuals who identify primarily with their employing organization versus their occupation. Data collected from 1,235 Federal Aviation Administration employees indicated that procedural justice scores were moderately related to commitment scores. Contrary to the hypothesis, occupational identification had no moderating effect on the procedural justice-organizational commitment relationship. Consistent with the multiple commitment literature, employees identifying primarily with their occupation perceived more procedural justice, but expressed less commitment to the organization, than those identifying with their organization. These results provide little support for this extension of the group-value model of procedural justice but some support for the multiple commitment approach to the study of work commitment. KW - Employee relations KW - Government employees KW - Hypothesis testing KW - Justice KW - Occupations KW - Organization KW - Organizational commitment KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM92-21.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730000 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00936667 AU - Gowdy, V AU - DeWeese, R AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF HEAD IMPACT KINEMATICS FOR PASSENGERS SEATED BEHIND INTERIOR WALLS PY - 1992/05 SP - 15 p. AB - Federal aviation regulations for crashworthy seats include the Head Injury Criteria (HIC) as part of the pass-fail performance specifications. For passenger seats located behind interior walls to meet this requirement, the dynamics of head impact with the wall must be evaluated from a system approach. Procedures for conducting system tests and analyzing the head motion of an anthropomorphic test dummy (ATD) are described. Analyses of head kinematics from dynamic impact tests with a lap belt restrained ATD are presented. KW - Aircraft cabins KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashworthiness KW - Dummies KW - Dynamic tests KW - Head motion range KW - Impact tests KW - Kinematics KW - Passengers KW - Performance based specifications KW - Seat belts KW - Walls UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM92-20.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/729999 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666661 AU - PETERSON, B B AU - Dewalt, K AU - Coast Guard Academy AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - LORAN AND THE EFFECTS OF TERRESTRIAL PROPAGATION PY - 1992/05 SP - 44 p. AB - Since the LORAN electronic navigation system has recently become available in Central United States the Federal Aviation Administration has expressed in interest in learning more about the propagation of LORAN over land. LORAN receivers are experiencing interfering effects from the atmosphere which are creating more inaccuracies than predicted by theoretical models. The study focuses on two phenomena which reduce the accuracy of LORAN, Envelope-to- Cycle Difference (ECD) and skywave interference. In the paper the authors explain why and how these effects reduce LORAN accuracy and how we have developed models to predict them. ECD is predicted as a function of ground conductivity and ECD biases can be predicted for various skywave delays on the Austron 5000 receiver. With these models LORAN receiver manufacturers will be able to predict the inaccuracies caused by ECD and skywave interference and avoid them. KW - Electromagnetic wave propagation KW - Ground waves KW - Loran KW - Radio navigation KW - Signal processing KW - Sky waves KW - Wave motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406099 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935808 AU - Myers, J G AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - A LONGITUDINAL EXAMINATION OF APPLICANTS TO THE AIR TRAFFIC SUPERVISORY IDENTIFICATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM PY - 1992/04 SP - 57 p. AB - The Federal Aviation Administration began development of an extensive longitudinal database on its air traffic controller workforce following the strike of 1981. Since that time, data have been collected on thousands of air traffic controllers, spanning a period which covers their application to the federal government for employment to their achievement of a first-line supervisor position. This collection of papers examines a subset of air traffic control specialists who have completed the agency's supervisor selection program, beginning with their performance on the Office of Personnel Management test battery and other cognitive tests administered prior to completion of the air traffic controller Screen Program. Measures of academic, laboratory, and overall Screen performance were examined in relationship to aspects of performance in the supervisor selection program. Field training profiles were analyzed to determine differences between successful and unsuccessful supervisor selection program candidates and relationships with selection program performance. Finally, performance in the supervisor selection program was compared for those who were selected as first-line supervisors and those who were not. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Aptitude tests KW - Longitudinal studies KW - Office of Personnel Management KW - Personnel performance KW - Selection and appointment KW - Supervisors KW - Training KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM92-16.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725518 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935810 AU - Wilcox, B C AU - England, H M AU - McLean, G A AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - INWARD CONTAMINANT LEAKAGE TESTS OF THE S-TRON CORPORATION EMERGENCY ESCAPE BREATHING DEVICE PY - 1992/04 SP - 28 p. AB - At the request of S-Tron Corporation, to support their contract with the U.S. Navy, performance tests of the Emergency Escape Breathing Device (EEBD) were conducted in the Environmental Physiology Research Section contaminant leakage chamber. Sulfur hexafluoride challenge was used to determine contaminant leakage; oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, as well as temperature readings, were also obtained. Eight successful tests were conducted with the original neck seal design first used by Scott Aviation in their Crewmember Protective Breathing Equipment; four additional tests were conducted with a proprietary new neck seal designed by S-Tron. The EEBD all performed within test limits. KW - Aviation safety KW - Breathing apparatus KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Contaminants KW - Leak tests KW - Leakage KW - Oxygen KW - Performance tests KW - S-Tron Corporation KW - Sulfur hexafluoride KW - Temperature KW - United States Navy UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM92-18.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725520 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935809 AU - Witt, L A AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ORGANIZATIONAL POLITICS, PARTICIPATION IN DECISION-MAKING, AND JOB SATISFACTION PY - 1992/04 SP - 15 p. AB - The study tested two hypotheses: (a) that organizational politics as measured by the Kacmar and Ferris (1991) Perceptions of Organizational Politics Scale would be negatively related to feelings of job satisfaction; and (b) that participation in decision-making (PDM) would moderate that relationship. In line with concerns for dispositional affect as a contributor to method variance and the possibility that biodata may explain some of the effects of organizational politics and PDM on job satisfaction, dispositional affect and biodata variables were included in the analyses. Hierarchical moderated multiple regression analyses conducted on data collected from 1,083 federal employees confirmed the hypotheses. KW - Decision making KW - Employee empowerment KW - Employee relations KW - Government employees KW - Hypothesis testing KW - Job satisfaction KW - Organization KW - Politics KW - Regression analysis UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM92-17.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725519 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634264 AU - Talotta, N J AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - CONTROLLER EVALUATION OF INITIAL DATA LINK TERMINAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SERVICES: MINI STUDY 2, VOLUME 1 PY - 1992/04 SP - 97 p. AB - This document details the results of the second mini-study of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Technical Center investigation and development of initial terminal air traffic control (ATC) services for transmission using data link technology. Initial data link services were evaluated under part task simulation conditions in order to identify service delivery methods which optimize controller acceptance, performance, and workload, and to study the effects of various potential data link message response delays. KW - Air traffic control KW - Control systems KW - Data communications KW - Data links KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Terminal air traffic control UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/1000/1300/1317/92_1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374699 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634190 AU - Talotta, N J AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - CONTROLLER EVALUATION OF INITIAL DATA LINK TERMINAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SERVICES: MINI STUDY 2. VOLUME 2 PY - 1992/04 SP - 124 p. AB - This document details the results of the second Mini Study of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Technical Center investigation and development of initial terminal air traffic control (ATC) services for transmission using Data Link technology. Initial Data Link services were evaluated under part task simulation conditions in order to identify service delivery methods which optimize controller acceptance, performance, workload, and to study the effects of various potential Data Link message response delays. KW - Air traffic control KW - Controllers KW - Data communications KW - Data links KW - Transmissions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374663 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00583946 AU - Trent, W AU - Pickerell, T AU - NELSON, H AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM: SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS OPERATIONAL CONCEPT, NAS-SR-137 PY - 1992/04 SP - 49 PP IN V AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Airports KW - Maintenance KW - Planning KW - Traffic control KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/345178 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935804 AU - Revzin, A M AU - Rasmussen, P G AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - A NEW TEST OF SCANNING AND MONITORING ABILITY: METHODS AND INITIAL RESULTS PY - 1992/03 SP - 20 p. AB - Most tasks in the Federal Aviation Administration's air traffic control (ATC) system involve long duration scanning and monitoring for continuously changing events occurring within a large visual space. Errors occur, so it is important to understand the causes of such errors to minimize or eliminate them by changing task design or improving personnel selection. This study describes a new system for testing scanning and monitoring abilities. The system, as currently implemented is basically a character identification task. The characters are presented at random intervals and locations within two or more "WorkAreas." The WorkAreas are defined as rectangular areas on a microcomputer display screen. They are filled with a constantly changing random dot pattern and may be located anywhere on the screen. The subject's task is to press a designated key on the computer keypad when a specified target character appears. Parametric manipulations can evaluate the effects on performance of many variables, including angular separation of WorkAreas, differential workloads in the WorkAreas, and effects of visual noise. We found a highly significant performance decrement as a function of increasing angular separation of WorkAreas. This is congruent with prior studies, which we interpret as a validation of our test procedure. We did not find practice effects, fatigue effects, or selective attention effects between WorkAreas. KW - Ability tests KW - Air traffic control KW - Attention KW - Character recognition KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Human error KW - Human subject testing KW - Monitoring KW - Scanning (Aviation) KW - Selection and appointment KW - Test procedures KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - Visual display units (Computers) KW - Workload UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM92-12.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725514 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935806 AU - Nakagawara, V B AU - Loochan, F K AU - Wood, K J AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - THE PREVALENCE OF ARTIFICAL LENS IMPLANTS IN THE CIVIL AIRMAN POPULATION PY - 1992/03 SP - 18 p. AB - The use of artificial lens implants to correct for aphakia has become increasingly prevalent in the United States. This study analyzes the distribution of intraocular lens (IOL) implants in the civil airman population by type (unilateral/bilateral), class of medical certificate, and gender for a 4-year period (1982-85). Medical records were evaluated for all certified airmen who were carrying pathology codes for aphakia and artificial lens implant during the study period. The percentage increase in the prevalence of airmen with artificial lenses was higher for bilateral, second-class medical certificate holders, and female aphakias. However, the incidence of total and unilateral artificial lens implants declined in 1985. The implications of the study's findings for aeromedical certification are discussed. A change in the methods used to evaluate trends in the use of IOL in the airman population is recommended. KW - Aphakia KW - Aviation medicine KW - Certification KW - Flight personnel KW - Gender KW - Lens implants KW - Lenses (Optics) KW - Medical records KW - Vision disorders UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725516 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935805 AU - Witt, L A AU - Hellman, C AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - EFFECTS OF SUBORDINATE FEEDBACK TO THE SUPERVISOR AND PARTICIPATION IN DECISION-MAKING IN THE PREDICTION OF ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT PY - 1992/03 SP - 10 p. AB - The present study tested the hypothesis that participation in decision-making (PDM) and perceived effectiveness of subordinate feedback to the supervisor would contribute unique variance in the prediction of perceptions of organizational support. In line with concerns for dispositional affect as a contributor to method variance and the possibility that biodata may explain some of the effects of PDM and feedback on support, dispositional affect and biodata variables were included in the analyses. Hierarchical regression analyses, conducted on data collected from 1,083 federal government workers, indicated that both feedback and PDM added unique variance to the prediction of support. These findings have implications for both management and research. KW - Decision making KW - Employee empowerment KW - Employee participation KW - Government employees KW - Hypothesis testing KW - Organizational effectiveness KW - Personnel management KW - Regression analysis KW - Supervisors UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM92-13.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725515 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935807 AU - Myers, J G AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - SURVEY OF AVIATION MEDICAL EXAMINERS: INFORMATION AND ATTITUDES ABOUT THE PRE-EMPLOYMENT AND PRE-APPOINTMENT DRUG TESTING PROGRAM PY - 1992/03 SP - 42 p. AB - Aviation medical examiners (AMEs) who are designated to collect urine specimens were surveyed to obtain information and assess attitudes about different aspects of the pre-employment and pre-appointment drug testing program. Fifty-seven percent of the sample responded to the survey. Respondents were generally positive about the custody and control form, the amount of information received about the collection kits and the drug testing program, and the contacts they had with the agency medical staff. However, only about half reported they had been informed of drug testing program changes. Accurate completion of custody and control forms and lack of training were cited most often as causal factors in the occurrence of errors in the specimen collection process and few had actually received information on their error rate in specimen collections. Recommendations were made to 1) review the custody and control form for possible improvements that may reduce errors, 2) restrict the number of AMEs designated to collect specimens, 3) provide training classes, materials, or videotapes especially for newly designated AMEs, and 4) clarify the alcohol and drug abatement program manager's position prior to making a decision about the organizational location of the manager. KW - Attitudes KW - Aviation medicine KW - Drug tests KW - Human error KW - Management and organization KW - Medical personnel KW - Selection and appointment KW - Specimens KW - Surveys KW - Training KW - Urinalysis UR - http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA249806 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725517 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935800 AU - Witt, L A AU - Nye, L G AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ORGANIZATIONAL GOAL CONGRUENCE AND JOB ATTITUDES REVISITED PY - 1992/02 SP - 7 p. AB - Vancouver and Schmitt (1991) operationalized person-organization fit in terms of goal congruence and reported that goal congruence scores were positively related to favorable job attitudes. The purpose of the present study was to replicate and extend their work. Specifically, we sought to: (a) replicate their findings of goal congruence scores as predictors of job satisfaction and organizational commitment; (b) determine if goal congruence scores were related to perceptions of organizational support and organizational politics; and (c) assess the extent to which goal congruence scores accounted for variance in job satisfaction and organizational commitment beyond that contributed by scores on the Eisenberger et al. (1986) perceptions of organizational support scale and the Kacmar and Ferris (1991) perceptions of organizational politics scale. Data collected from 991 Federal Aviation Administration employees indicated that goal congruence scores were positively related to favorable job attitudes, as found by Vancouver and Schmitt (1991). However, the partialing out of organizational support and organizational politics scores from the relationships of goal congruence with job satisfaction and commitment accounted for most of the variance. These results have implications for the use of goal congruence as an index of person-organization fit and perhaps as well for the importance of the notion of person-organization fit. KW - Attitudes KW - Employee relations KW - Government employees KW - Job satisfaction KW - Organizational effectiveness KW - Personnel management KW - Politics KW - Strategic planning KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM92-08.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725510 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935803 AU - O'Donnell, R D AU - Hordinsky, J R AU - Madakasira, S AU - Moise, S AU - Warner, D AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - A CANDIDATE AUTOMATED TEST BATTERY FOR NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SCREENING OF AIRMEN: DESIGN AND PRELIMINARY VALIDATION PY - 1992/02 SP - 18 p. AB - A panel of the American Medical Association convened by the Federal Aviation Administration recommended that a computerized test of cognitive function be developed that would detect significant cognitive impairments that might otherwise go unrecognized during a routine physical examination. In response to this need, a computerized test battery, based on current cognitive theory, has been developed that provides a brief screening for disturbances in higher-level cognitive function. This battery is not designed to replace the traditional observational methods used by the physician, but rather to enhance diagnostic sensitivity in areas not currently well covered. The battery operates in a step fashion, providing a generalized, non-specific screen at the first level, with two increasingly more specific screens if that level is failed. The output of the battery is a verbal protocol to the examiner presenting a series of rule out recommendations for further diagnostic testing. In this report, the background and composition of this test are described, and the results of three initial validation and sensitivity studies are reported. The present test development suggests the utility of transferring previously expensive and more complex diagnostic approaches to a computerized testing and decision process. KW - American Medical Association KW - Automation KW - Aviation medicine KW - Cognitive impairment KW - Design KW - Flight personnel KW - Medical examinations and tests KW - Neurology KW - Psychological tests KW - Selection and appointment KW - Sensitivity analysis KW - Testing KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - Validation UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM92-11.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725513 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935801 AU - Witt, L A AU - Nye, L G AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - GENDER, EQUITY, AND JOB SATISFACTION RECONSIDERED PY - 1992/02 SP - 12 p. AB - Empirical research suggests that gender may affect the utility of equity theory in explaining organizational behaviors. Studies have indicated that men are more likely than women to distribute outcomes to individuals in direct proportion to their input. Brockner and Adsit (1986) noted an important but untested implication that the equity norm is more salient for men than it is for women in work groups and in supervisor-subordinate interactions. They argued that men's satisfaction with an exchange relationship should be influenced by the presence or absence of equity more so than women's satisfaction. They reported data indicating that the equity-satisfaction relationship was considerably stronger among men than among women. The Brockner and Adsit finding has an important implication for organizational theory, namely that equity perceptions may be more salient among men than women in the development of job satisfaction. Replication of their findings would suggest a need for further research in this area and a possible utility of different strategies for managing men and women for purposes of promoting job satisfaction with a focus on equity-related issues and antecedents. Contrary results, however, would suggest a need for caution in considering such strategies. The present study tested the hypothesis that the equity-satisfaction relationship would be higher for men than for women. Meta-analyses conducted on data collected from Federal Aviation Administration personnel failed to confirm the hypothesis. However, the results reinforced the importance of equity as a correlate of job satisfaction. KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Gender KW - Government employees KW - Hypothesis testing KW - Job satisfaction KW - Organizational effectiveness KW - Personnel management KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM92-09.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725511 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935802 AU - Nye, L G AU - Witt, L A AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - DIMENSIONALITY AND CONSTRUCT VALIDITY OF THE PERCEPTIONS OF ORGANIZATIONAL POLITICS SCALE PY - 1992/02 SP - 9 p. AB - This study examined the dimensionality and construct validity of Kacmar and Ferris (1991) Perceptions of Organizational Politics Scale (POPS), which is comprised of 3 subscales: "General Political Behavior," "Going Along to Get Ahead," and "Pay and Promotion." Results of analyses conducted on data collected from 1,297 civilian government employees were inconsistent with a multidimensional factor structure of the POPS. Principal components and confirmatory factor analyses failed to confirm the Kacmar and Ferris 3-factor solution. Rather, the results indicated that the POPS was unidimensional. POPS scores were strongly and inversely related to scores on the Eisenberger, Huntington, Hutchison, and Sowa (1986) Survey of Perceived Organizational Support (SPOS). POPS and SPOS scores were not differentially correlated with other job attitude measures. KW - Attitudes KW - Employee compensation KW - Factor analysis KW - Government employees KW - Job satisfaction KW - Organizational effectiveness KW - Perception KW - Politics KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - Validity UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM92-10.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725512 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935799 AU - Nye, L G AU - Witt, L A AU - Schroeder, D J AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS OF BURNOUT DIMENSIONS: CORRELATIONS WITH JOB STRESSORS AND ASPECTS OF SOCIAL SUPPORT AND JOB SATISFACTION PY - 1992/02 SP - 9 p. AB - This study examined the dimensionality and construct validity of Golembiewski, Munzenrider, and Stevenson (1986) revision of the Maslach and Jackson (1981) Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Results of confirmatory factor analyses conducted on data collected from 357 Federal Aviation Administration employees in a technical safety-related occupation provided support for a three-factor, correlated model of burnout. The results suggest that the three factors (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment) were differentially correlated with organizational phenomena of interest. These findings extend the literature beyond analyses on human service-type workers and suggest the utility of developing and implementing different strategies for management interventions to respond to different manifestations of employee burnout. KW - Aviation safety KW - Burnout KW - Emotions KW - Employee relations KW - Factor analysis KW - Government employees KW - Job satisfaction KW - Organizational effectiveness KW - Personnel management KW - Social factors KW - Stress (Psychology) KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - Validity UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM92-07.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725509 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00585102 AU - Eldredge, Don AU - MANGOLD, S AU - Dodd, R S AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - A REVIEW AND DISCUSSION OF FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM INCIDENTS REPORTED TO THE AVIATION SAFETY REPORTING SYSTEM PY - 1992/02 SP - 80 PP IN V AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Air traffic control KW - Airplanes KW - Automation KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Safety KW - United States UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33400/33422/33422.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/345333 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00585279 AU - Kuchar, J K AU - Hansman, R J AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ADVANCED TERRAIN DISPLAYS FOR TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRCRAFT PY - 1992/02 SP - 92 PP IN V AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Air traffic control KW - Airplanes KW - Cockpits KW - Crashes KW - Electronic equipment KW - Human factors KW - Warning systems UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33400/33424/33424.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/345368 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935798 AU - Mertens, H W AU - Thackray, R I AU - Touchstone, M AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - EFFECTS OF COLOR VISION DEFICIENCY ON DETECTION OF COLOR-HIGHLIGHTED TARGETS IN A SIMULATED AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL DISPLAY PY - 1992/01 SP - 11 p. AB - The present study sought to evaluate the effects of color vision deficiency on the gain in conspicuity that is realized when color-highlighting is added as a redundant cue to indicate the presence of unexpected, nontracked aircraft intruding in controlled airspace. Sixteen subjects with severe color vision deficiency of both protan and deutan types and eight subjects with normal color vision performed a simulated high-workload air traffic control task over a l-hour period. Displayed information was normally green. In addition to the primary task, subjects also monitored for occasional intrusions by light aircraft identifiable on the basis of triangular shape alone or with the color red added as a redundant cue. The luminance of the red color was also 30% higher. Detection of red targets was slightly slower than detection of green targets in protans. In contrast, detection was faster with red targets for both normals and deutan subjects. Impairment in performance of the severe protans with red highlighting was attributed to their well known reduced sensitivity to red light. Although severe deutans have reduced color discrimination, they do not usually have reduced sensitivity and their performance was probably enhanced by the greater brightness of red targets. These results demonstrate that the approach of using color always as a redundant cue to ensure performance of color deficients is valuable, but the potential for adverse interaction of color coding with color deficiency must always be considered. KW - Air traffic control KW - Brightness KW - Color blind persons KW - Color vision KW - Green KW - Moving target indicators KW - Radar displays KW - Red KW - Simulation UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM92-06.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725508 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935795 AU - Thackray, R I AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - HUMAN FACTORS EVALUATION OF THE WORK ENVIRONMENT OF OPERATORS ENGAGED IN THE INSPECTION AND REPAIR OF AGING AIRCRAFT PY - 1992/01 SP - 16 p. AB - Site evaluations of air carriers and repair stations conducting inspections and heavy maintenance on PART 121 aging aircraft were conducted during 1989-90 under the FAA's Office of Flight Standards Aging Fleet Evaluation Program. This report presents the findings of the human factors portion of this program in which aspects of the work environment of selected operators were evaluated with respect to illumination levels, noise, temperature/ventilation, work support equipment/workspace adequacy, occupational safety, and extent of worker overtime. Data are reported for 19 site evaluations. While 89 percent of the operators were given global ratings of acceptable or better in the area of human factors, the deficiencies noted were quite consistent across carriers and repair stations. Illumination levels, in particular, were found to be considerably below recommended levels. There were also deficiencies in work support equipment and in compliance with the operator's stated safety program. Recommendations are given for improvements in each of these areas. KW - Aging (Materials) KW - Aircraft KW - Compliance KW - Evaluation KW - Flight service stations KW - Hours of labor KW - Human factors KW - Inspection KW - Lighting KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Noise KW - Occupational safety KW - Recommendations KW - Temperature KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - Ventilation systems KW - Work area KW - Work environment UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM92-03.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725505 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935797 AU - Manning, C A AU - Aul, J C AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD FOR HIRING AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SPECIALISTS WITH PRIOR MILITARY EXPERIENCE PY - 1992/01 SP - 19 p. AB - This study was conducted to assess an Federal Aviation Administration program to hire former military air traffic control (ATC) specialists to enter ATC field training directly without first attending the FAA Academy screening program. Training records were obtained for 538 military controllers who entered field training as part of the special hiring program conducted in 1988. Their training status and other performance measures were compared with those for 1605 candidates who entered the Academy in 1988. Academy entrants had a 36% loss rate, which was typical for this second-stage selection procedure. Facility assignments differed for the two groups; 89% of military hires were assigned to terminal facilities while only 31% of Academy graduates received terminal assignments. The 1024 Academy graduates and the military hires had statistically equivalent failure rates from field training at their first facility (13% loss for Academy graduates as compared with 20% for military hires in the terminal option; both groups had about a 21% loss rate in the en route option.) However, a substantial percentage of both groups have not yet completed their training; thus, increases in loss rates may occur later. Few differences were observed in other measures of training performance. One interpretation of these results is that hiring former military controllers is an adequate strategy because it appeared to produce developmental controllers who performed about as well as did graduates from the FAA Academy. Another interpretation is that the military hires who have prior experience performed no better than did inexperienced Academy graduates. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Evaluation KW - Experience (Personnel) KW - Graduates KW - Hiring policies KW - Military personnel KW - Personnel performance KW - Selection and appointment KW - Terminal air traffic control KW - Training programs KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM92-05.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725507 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935796 AU - May, N D AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - EXPOSURES FROM HEADSET INTERFERENCE TONES PY - 1992/01 SP - 16 p. AB - This study evaluated the acoustic characteristics of interference tones as experienced by Federal Aviation Administration air traffic control specialists (ATCS's) and pilots who wear headsets with insert type ear pieces. The Sound Pressure Levels (SPL's) of generated tones were measured through the headset at five randomly selected ATCS positions in each of seven air route traffic control centers (ARTCC's). The SPL's were compared within and between four frequencies (.5, 1, 2, and 3 KHz) over ten discrete signal power levels. The comparisons demonstrated that SPL's of tones could not be predicted for ARTCC's or for positions within an ARTCC, and that the durations of exposure were brief, i.e. limited to the time needed to remove the headset earpiece from the ear canal. Potential amounts of temporary threshold shifts (TTS's) also were evaluated in a laboratory by checking hearing levels following exposures to tones played with ATCS/pilot communication through the same headset. Audiometric checks of 20 volunteer subjects indicated TTS could be detected following 1 KHz/114 dB/60 and 145 seconds, 2 KHz/108 dB/60 and 145 seconds, and 3 KHz/99 dB and 145 seconds exposures, when hearing checks were made within the first 15 minutes. Such extended durations are highly unlikely for pilots and ATCS's and no TTS was detectable following exposures to shorter durations or to other frequencies with equivalent durations. KW - Acoustics KW - Air pilots KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Auditory perception KW - Ear KW - Frequency (Electromagnetism) KW - Headsets KW - Human subject testing KW - Radio equipment KW - Radio frequency interference KW - Sound level UR - http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA247175&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725506 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935794 AU - Friedberg, W AU - Snyder, L AU - Faulkner, D N AU - Darden, E B AU - O'Brien, K AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - RADIATION EXPOSURE OF AIR CARRIER CREWMEMBERS II PY - 1992/01 SP - 19 p. AB - The cosmic radiation environment at air carrier flight altitudes is described and estimates given of the amounts of galactic cosmic radiation received on a wide variety of routes to and from and within the contiguous United States. Radiation exposure from radioactive air cargo is also considered. Methods are provided to assess health risks from exposure to galactic radiation. On the flights studied, the highest dose of galactic radiation received annually by a crewmember who worked as many as 1,000 block hours a year would be less than half the annual limit recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection for a nonpregnant occupationally exposed adult. The radiation exposure of a pregnant crewmember who worked 70 block hours a month for 5 months would exceed the recommended 2-millisievert pregnancy limit on about one-third of the flights. KW - Air cargo KW - Airlines KW - Altitude KW - Cosmic radiation KW - Flight crews KW - Flight paths KW - Health hazards KW - Occupational safety KW - Pregnant women KW - Radiation doses KW - Radioactive materials KW - Risk assessment KW - United States UR - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/1990s/media/AM92-02.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725504 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00584355 AU - Cardosi, K M AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - CONTROLLER RESPONSE TO CONFLICT RESOLUTION ADVISORY PROTOTYPE PY - 1992/01 SP - 18 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Air transportation KW - Airplanes KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/343574 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00582499 AU - RICHARDS, K M AU - TRANSUE, A E AU - Timoteo, D AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - VISUAL APPROACH DATA COLLECTION AT SAN FRANCISCO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT (SFO) PY - 1992/01 SP - 41 PP IN V AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Airplanes KW - Airports KW - California KW - Landing KW - San Francisco (California) KW - San Francisco International Airport KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/345166 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00582364 JO - FAA Aviation News PB - Federal Aviation Administration TI - NATIONAL BUSINESS AIRCRAFT ASSOCIATION, INC PY - 1992/01 VL - 31 IS - 1 SP - p. 1-2 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Associations KW - Business aviation KW - National Business Aviation Association UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/347411 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01496641 AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - Analysis of Helicopter Position Determination Methods PY - 1992 SP - 126p AB - Noise measurement flight tests were performed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the Volpe Center at Dulles International Airport during June and July, 1983. These tests were originally conducted to address a series of objectives including the propagation and environmental impact of helicopter noise. Data collected from the following four selected helicopter noise measurement tests are the subject of the current analysis: Aerospatiale SA365N Dauphin 2, the Boeing Vertol 234/CH47D, the Bell 222 Twin Jet, and the Sikorsky S76A. The current analysis focuses on a proposed simplification of aircraft position determination. Currently available means of determining exact aircraft position are: radar tracking; video tape recordings of the aircraft; and the use of global positioning system. These methods can be costly and laborious. Three alternative methods for determining aircraft position were evaluated: three-point position determination, two-point position determination, and one-point position determination. In these three methods, the altitude at each position is determined by photographic technique, thus greatly reducing the cost and effort required to determine aircraft position. KW - Aircraft noise KW - Altitude KW - Helicopters KW - Methodology KW - Position fixing UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/47000/47800/47855/fa553-lr2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1264125 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01105760 AU - Virginia Department of Aviation AU - United States Dept. of Transportation AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Simat, Helliesen & Eichner TI - Eastern Virginia air service demand study to the year 2030 PY - 1992 SP - 78 p. KW - Air transportation KW - Air travel KW - Airports KW - Forecasting KW - Planning KW - Tidewater region (Virginia) KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/865372 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01075446 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - San Francisco International Airport master plan, final environmental impact report PY - 1992///Volumes held: Background documents1 KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/834840 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070700 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Kalaupapa Airport, roadways and wharf, Kalaupapa, Molokai : environmental impact statement PY - 1992///Volumes held: Draft, Final(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Hawaii UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830085 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070696 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Indianapolis international airport master plan development : environmental impact statement PY - 1992///Volumes held: Draft, Final(2v), Draft supplement to the final, FDsup2[2001], Final supplement to the final; B1 Executive Summary Fsup (June 2001) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Indiana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830081 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070629 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Stewart International Airport Properties, master plan for development of the airport and adjacent lands : environmental impact statement PY - 1992///Volumes held: Draft(3v), Final(4v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New York (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830014 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070609 AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, runway 16/34 East and runway 16/34 West : environmental impact statement PY - 1992///Volumes held: Draft(2v), Final(3v), Errata B1 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/829994 ER -