TY - RPRT AN - 00206464 AU - Walker, R S AU - Hudson, W R AU - Roberts, F L AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEM FOR HIGH-SPEED MEASUREMENT OF PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS /FINAL REPORT/ PY - 1971/05 AB - DETAILED DISCUSSIONS OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES DURING THIS PAST YEAR, NOT COVERED IN PAST REPORTS, ARE PROVIDED. THESE DISCUSSIONS INCLUDE WHEEL REPLACEMNT INVESTIGATIONS, RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN CONSTRUCTION CONTROL, SPECTRAL ANALYSIS METHODS, MAYS ROAD METER CORRELATION STUDIES, AND PSI MODEL INVESTIGATIONS. SPECIAL EMPHASIS IS PLACED ON NEW METHODS FOR USING SPECTRAL ANALYSIS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF VARIOUS ROAD PROFILE CHARACTERISTICS. EXTENSION OF THESE NEW METHODS MAY PROVIDE THE BEST APPROACH YET AVAILABLE TO DEVELOPMENT OF ADEQUATE ROAD PROFILE SPECIFICATIONS AND CONSTRUCTION CONTROL. /AUTHOR/ KW - Construction control KW - Construction management KW - Pavements KW - Profiles KW - Roughness KW - Spectrum analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/100415 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00224997 AU - Messer, C J AU - Friebele, J D AU - Dudek, C L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF WRONG-WAY DRIVING IN TEXAS PY - 1971/05 SP - 16 p. AB - A QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY WAS CONDUCTED OF STATE AND LOCAL HIGHWAY ENGINEERS AND LAW ENFORCEMENT PERSONNEL IN AN ATTEMPT TO QUALITATIVELY DETERMINE THE NATURE OF WRONG- WAY DRIVING. IN GENERAL, THESE OFFICIALS CONSIDERED THE GREATEST PROBLEM WITH RESPECT TO WRONG-WAY DRIVING TO BE THAT OF THE DRINKING, DRUNK OR DRUGGED DRIVER. THEY ALSO SUGGESTED THAT WRONG-WAY DRIVING SHOULD BE CONFRONTED THROUGH ENGINEERING, ENFORCEMENT, AND EDUCATION, AND THAT BETTER APPROACHES AND TECHNIQUES FOR REDUCING IT WERE DESIRED. /AUTHOR/ KW - Driving KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Qualitative analysis KW - Questionnaires KW - Wrong way driving UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112759 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00209528 AU - Busek, R H AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PRACTICAL OPTIMIZATION OF STEEL HIGHWAY BRIDGE BEAMS PY - 1971/05//Final Report SP - 233p AB - A PROGRAM FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF A ROLLED SECTION HIGHWAY BRIDGE GIRDER IS PRESENTED. THE GIRDER IS DESIGNED BY MINIMIZING EITHER THE WEIGHT OR THE COST. THE COST FUNCTION USED IS A REPRESENTATIVE MODEL OF THE TOTAL COST OF THE GIRDER, INCLUDING BOTH MATERIAL AND FABRICATION COSTS. THE PROGRAM PRODUCES THE OPTIMUM DESIGN OF A ROLLED SECTION GIRDER, USING EITHER COMPOSITE OR NONCOMPOSITE DESIGN THEORY. THE REQUIRED COVER PLATES ARE DETERMINED, USING BOTH STATIC AND FATIGUE STRESS CONDITIONS. THE FATIGUE STRESSES ARE BASED ON 500,000 CYCLES OF STRESS. ALL DESIGN THEORY, ANALYSIS THEORY, AND OPTIMIZATION CONSTRAINTS ARE BASED ON THE 1969 AASHO BRIDGE SPECIFICATIONS. THE METHOD OF INFLUENCE LINES IS USED IN THE ANALYSIS. THE EXHAUSTIVE SEARCH TECHNIQUE IS USED AS THE MAIN METHOD OF OPTIMIZATION. COMPUTER SOLUTIONS FOR TWO PUBLISHED DESIGN EXAMPLES WERE OBTAINED AND COMPARED TO THE PUBLISHED RESULTS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Beams KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Costs KW - Cover KW - Girders KW - Highway bridges KW - Optimization KW - Plate girders KW - Steel KW - Structural design UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313797 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/97569 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00217496 AU - Carlson, D H AU - Hockings, W A AU - Volin, M E AU - Michigan Department of State Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A STUDY OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY AS A CRITERION OF AGGREGATE QUALITY PY - 1971/05 AB - AN ATTEMPT WAS MADE TO SELECT A SUITABLE GRAVITY-BASED MEASUREMENT FOR AGGREGATE INSPECTION, TO COMPARE THE ACCURACY OF PREDICTING QUALITY BY THE SELECTED MEASUREMENT VERSUS THAT BY THE PRESENT HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT PROCEDURE, AND IF THE GRAVITY METHOD WERE TO BE MORE SUCCESSFUL, TO SET UP SPECIFICATIONS AND TEST PROCEDURES BASED ON THE METHOD. IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY METHOD COULD NOT BE ADOPTED TO FIELD INSPECTION AT THIS TIME. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE SECOND PART OF THE STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE DELETERIOUSNESS OF PARTICLES CLASSIFIED BY APPEARANCE, SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND SIZE AND TO FIND A MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DELETERIOUSNESS AND THE PERCENTAGE OF EACH CLASS. A MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIP WAS NOT DEFINITELY DETERMINED; HOWEVER, THE DATA COMPILED IS CONSIDERED TO BE OF BENEFIT IN DETERMINING SPECIFICATION LIMITS. /FHWA/ KW - Aggregate testing KW - Aggregates KW - Deleterious materials KW - Field measurements KW - Field tests KW - Inspection KW - Materials tests KW - Quality KW - Quality control KW - Specific gravity KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108354 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00214533 AU - Clark, W H AU - Kuchark, M G AU - Bolyea, N F AU - New York State Department of Transportation TI - BINDER COURSE MIX UNIFORMITY BEFORE AUTOMATION OF PRODUCTION PY - 1971/04 IS - 70-5 SP - 23 p. AB - HOT BIN SAMPLE DATA, PROCURED IN 1961 FROM 18 NON- AUTOMATIC ASPHALT PLANTS, WAS STATISTICALLY ANALYZED TO PROVIDE A BASIS OF COMPARISON WITH 1968 DATA OBTAINED FROM AUTOMATED PLANTS. THE 254 SAMPLE SETS FROM THE 1961 DATA WERE INVESTIGATED FOR THE PRIMARY SIZE IN EACH BIN, EXCEPT THE FINES BIN, AND FOR THE FINAL SAMPLE. THE W-STATISTIC WAS USED TO CHECK FOR DISTRIBUTIONAL FORM, AND RUN TESTS WERE APPLIED TO THE PRIMARY SIZE AGGREGATE IN EACH BIN TO CHECK FOR DRIFTING OF THE PROCESS MEAN. THE W STATISTIC SHOWED THAT DISTRIBUTIONAL FORM OF DATA CAN BE APPROXIMATED BY THE NORAML DISTRIBUTION. DRIFTING OCCURRED IN AT LEAST 1 BIN IN 50 PERCENT OF THE PLANTS. HIGH PRIMARY SIZE VALUES IN THE HOT BINS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH MORE UNIFORM PRODUCTION. /FHWA/ KW - Automation KW - Binder course KW - Bituminous mixing plants KW - Hot bin KW - Mixing plants KW - Standardization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94851 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00225042 AU - Munjal, P K AU - Hsu, Yar-Sun AU - System Development Corporation TI - DIAMOND INTERCHANGE TRAFFIC CONTROL. VOLUME 14. DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF REAL-TIME CONTROL ALGORITHMS PY - 1971/04 VL - 14 SP - 66 p. AB - THIS REPORT DISCUSSES THE RESULTS OF A STUDY FOR IDENTIFYING AND DEVELOPING CONTROL ALGORITHMS THAT ARE SUITABLE FOR COMPUTER-CONTROLLED SIGNAL SYSTEMS OF A DIAMOND INTERCHANGE COMPLEX. TWELVE CANDIDATE TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROL ALGORITHMS HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED BY EXTENDING THE WORKS OF WEBSTER, YARDENI, LITTLE AND INOSE. THE CANDIDATE CONTROL ALGORITHMS FOR THE REAL-TIME CONTROL OF DIAMOND INTERCHANGES HAVE BEEN TESTED AND EVALUATED ON THE BASIS OF TRAVEL TIME AND DELAY. THE RESULTS OF THE EVALUATION HAVE IDENTIFIED PREFERRED SETS OF CONTROL ALGORITHMS. KW - Algorithms KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Diamond interchanges KW - Information processing KW - Real time control KW - Real-time systems KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic control systems KW - Traffic delays KW - Transducers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112779 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00201232 AU - Kirkpatrick, T O AU - University of Montana, Missoula AU - Montana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR STUDY: THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF INTERSTATE 90 BETWEEN BOZEMAN AND THREE FORKS, MONTANA PY - 1971/04 AB - THE OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT WAS TO MEASURE THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF INTERSTATE 90 UPON BUSINESSES IN THE CORRIDOR AREA BETWEEN BOZEMAN AND THREE FORKS, MONTANA, FROM 1965 THROUGH 1969. THE PRIMARY ECONOMIC VARIABLES INVESTIGATED INCLUDED GROSS SALES, BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT, AND THE NUMBER OF BUSINESSES IN OPERATION BEFORE AND AFTER THE HIGHWAY WAS CONSTRUCTED. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY INVOLVED "BEFORE" AND "AFTER" MEASUREMENTS OF THE MAJOR ECONOMIC VARIABLES. PERSONAL INTERVIEWING OF ALL BUSINESS OPERATORS TOOK PLACE IN 1966 AND 1969 TO OBTAIN EMPLOYMENT DATA AND DETERMINE THE NUMBER OF FIRMS FOR WHICH GROSS RECEIPTS DATA WERE NOT OBTAINED. WITH FEW EXCEPTIONS, EVIDENCE INDICATED THAT INTERSTATE 90 WAS NOT DETRIMENTAL TO THE CONTINUING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND EXPANSION OF THE CORRIDOR AREA COMMUNITIES. THE MAJOR EXCEPTION WAS THE BELGRADE HIGHWAY-ORIENTED BUSINESS SECTOR. THE "BYPASS EFFECT" WAS DETERMINED TO EXIST IN THIS COMMUNITY WITH A REDUCTION OF 12.8 PERCENT IN CONSTANT DOLLAR SALES DURING THE PERIOD OF 1965 THROUGH 1968. TOTAL BUSINESS ACTIVITY OF THE COMMUNITIES WAS LARGELY UNAFFECTED BY THE HIGHWAY, AT LEAST TO THE EXTENT OF THE CAPACITY OF RESEARCH TO MEASURE NEGATIVE EFFECTS. /FHWA/ KW - Economic impacts KW - Highway corridors KW - Highways KW - Measurement KW - Transportation effects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/91071 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00221311 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Adams, W S TI - EFFECT OF VEHICULAR ROLL ON POLARIZED HEADLIGHTING PY - 1971/04 AB - THE RESULTS OF AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY IN EXPLORING THE EFFECT OF VEHICULAR ROLL ON POLARIZED HEADLIGHTING PERFORMANCE AND DRIVER COMFORT ARE REPORTED. POLARIZED HEADLIGHTING OPERATION RELIES ON THE PHENOMENON THAT TWO POLARIZERS WITH THEIR PLANES OF POLARIZATION MUTUALLY PERPENDICULAR PERMIT ONLY A NEGLIGIBLE AMOUNT OF LIGHT TO PASS THROUGH TO AN OBSERVER. HOWEVER, AN INCREASING AMOUNT OF LIGHT LEAKAGE OCCURS AS THE PLANES OF POLARIZATION ARE ROTATED AWAY FROM THEIR PERPENDICULAR RELATION. THIS LEAKAGE CAUSED BY VEHICULAR ROLL, HAS AN INSIGNIFICNAT EFFECT ON THE ABILITY OF DRIVERS TO DETECT PAVEMENT MARKINGS AT NIGHT, ADDING FURTHER SUPPORT TO THE LOGIC OF USING POLARIZED HEADLIGHTING SYSTEMS. NEITHER HIGH INTENSITY POLARIZED HEADLIGHTING NOR CONVENTIONAL HIGH BEAM HEADLIGHTING WAS SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECTED BY VEHICULAR ROLL. DATA OBTAINED SHOWED THAT POLARIZED HEADLIGHTING IMPROVED TARGET DETECTION DISTANCES BY 32 PERENT OVER HIGH BEAM HEADLIGHTING. THESE SAME DATA, ALSO USED TO ANALYZE THE RELATION BETWEEN DETECTION DISTANCES AND LATERAL PAVEMENT- MARKING POSITIONS (CENTERLINE OR SHOULDER), SUPPORT THE USE OF PAVEMENT-EDGE MARKINGS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Comfort KW - Drivers KW - Experiments KW - Headlamps KW - Plane polarization KW - Polarized light KW - Road markings KW - Rolling KW - Rotation KW - Target detection KW - Tracking systems KW - Traffic marking KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/116122 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00221312 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Feeser, L J AU - Meyer, J D AU - Cutrell, J D TI - SIMULATING THE DRIVER'S VIEW OF NEW HIGHWAY DESIGN BEFORE CONSTRUCTION PY - 1971/04 AB - AN ANIMATED MOVIE SIMULATING THE DRIVER'S VIEW OVER A NEWLY DESIGNED HIGHWAY, NOT YET CONSTRUCTED, IS NOW POSSIBLE THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTABLE SOFTWARE PACKAGE DEVELOPED IN THIS RESEARCH PROJECT. FROM DATA DEVELOPED DURING THE DESIGN PROCESS, THE PACKAGE GENERATES PERSPECTIVE VIEWS OF THE PROPOSED HIGHWAY AND DISPLAYS THEM EITHER SERIALLY TO PRODUCE ANIMATION OR SINGLY TO PERMIT EVALUATION OF ROADWAY SECTIONS. PERSPECTIVE VIEWS BASED ON HIGHWAY DESIGN DATA CAN BE USED NOT ONLY BY HIGHWAY ENGINEERS TO ELIMINATE UNSAFE FEATURES AND UNDESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS FROM THE FINAL DESIGN, BUT ALSO BY LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS AND OTHERS CONCERNED WITH THE HIGHWAY AND ITS ENVIRONMENT TO VISUALIZE THE FINAL VIEWS AS SEEN BY THE DRIVER. /AUTHOR/ KW - Animation KW - Computer animation KW - Drivers KW - Driving simulators KW - Evaluation KW - Highway design KW - Motion pictures KW - View UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/116123 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00222601 AU - Case, M W AU - Hulbart, S AU - Moskswitz, R AU - California Division of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ALCOHOL LEVEL AND DRIVING PERFORMANCE PY - 1971/04 AB - A STUDY COMPARING SIMULATED DRIVING UNDER ALCOHOL INGESTION AND CONTROL CONDITIONS IS REPORTED. INSENSITIVITY OF STANDARD DEPENDENT MEASURES LED TO ADDITIONAL STUDIES OF A SUBSIDIARY TASK TECHNIQUE TO BE USED IN SIMULATION STUDIES TO INCREASE MEASUREMENT SENSITIVITY. A TIME-SHARING OR DIVIDED ATTENTION TASK WAS DEVELOPED WHICH EFFECTIVELY INCREASED DRIVER INFORMATION PROCESSING LOAD. A SUPPLEMENTARY CHAPTER APPENDED TO THE FINAL REPORT ADEQUATELY DOCUMENTS THE NEED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS SUBSIDIARY TASK TECHNIQUE. /FHWA/ KW - Alcohols KW - Control conditions KW - Drunk driving KW - Measurement KW - Methodology KW - Sensitivity KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/114300 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00207994 AU - Douglas, T R AU - Karrh, J B AU - Alabama State Highway Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FATIGUE LIFE OF BRIDGES UNDER REPEATED HIGHWAY LOADINGS PY - 1971/04 SP - 67 p. AB - THE FATIGUE LIFE OF BRIDGES UNDER REPEATED HIGHWAY LOADING IS DIFFERENT FROM THE USUAL FATIGUE RESEARCH IN LABORATORIES ON MADE UP BRIDGE MEMBERS SUCH AS THOSE PRESENTED IN THE HIGHWAY RESEARCH BOARD REPORT 102. THE FINDINGS HERE ARE IN KEEPING WITH THE LONG TIME OBSERVATION OF THE BEHAVIOR OF PROPERLY DESIGNED AND MAINTAINED BRIDGES UNDER TRAFFIC. THAT IS, SO LONG AS THE WORKING STRESSES DO NOT GREATLY EXCEED THE DESIGN STRESSES, THE FATIGUE PROBLEM IS PRACTICALLY NON-EXISTENT FOR THE NORMAL LIFE OF A PROPERLY DESIGNED BRIDGE. /FHWA/ KW - Accelerated tests KW - Bridges KW - Design KW - Environment KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue life KW - Highways KW - Repeated loads KW - Stresses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96727 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00224977 AU - Wildermuth, B R AU - Georgia State Highway Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECT OF LANE PLACEMENT OF TRUCK TRAFFIC ON FREEWAY FLOW CHARACTERISTICS PY - 1971/04 AB - A DIGITAL FREEWAY SIMULATION MODEL IS DEVELOPED TO ASSESS THE EFFECT OF THE LANE PLACEMENT OF TRUCK TRAFFIC ON MULTILANE FREEWAY TRAFFIC FLOW CHARACTERISTICS. THE MODEL IS BASICALLY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY'S LIMITED PURPOSE SIMULATION MODEL OF "LANE CHANGING ON A MULTI-LANE HIGHWAY" WITH CERTAIN LOGIC ADDITIONS FROM GENERAL PURPOSED MODELS DEVELOPED BY MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITITE AND TEXAS TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE. NO EXIT OR ENTRANCE RAMP CAPABILITY IS AVAILABLE IN THE MODEL'S PRESENT FORM. MODEL PERFORMANCE WAS EVALUATED BY COMPARING OBSERVED FIELD SURVEY DATA WITH SIMULATED TRAFFIC FLOW CHARACTERISTICS. SIMULATION EXPERIENCE WITH THE MODEL'S VEHICLE GENERATION, VEHICLE PLACEMENT, AND MAINLANE CAR-FOLLOWING AND LANE-CHANGING LOGIC INDICATE GOOD REPRESENTATION OF ACTUAL FIELD CONDITIONS. THE MODEL, IN ITS PRESENT FORM, WOULD NOT SUPPORT ANY SUBSTANTIVE CONCLUSIONS AS TO THE EFFECT OF TRUCKS ON FREEWAY TRAFFIC FLOW. /FHWA/ KW - Digital computers KW - Freeways KW - Lane distribution KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Multilane highways KW - Simulation KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic lanes KW - Truck lanes KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/114831 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00320189 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FATAL HIGHWAY ACCIDENTS IN FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, REGION B; APRIL 1969-MARCH 1970 PY - 1971/03 SP - n.p. AB - The report contains an analysis of fatal motor vehicle accidents in Alaska, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington. It deals with the nature of such accidents on various highway systems and has been used as background for a continuing study of fatal accidents on the interstate system.(TSC) KW - Data analysis KW - Fatalities KW - Highways KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Safety and security KW - Traffic crashes KW - Transportation safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158516 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00217502 AU - Underwood, J P AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FIELD FRICTION PERFORMANCE OF SEVERAL EXPERIMENTAL TEST SECTIONS PY - 1971/03 AB - THERE IS AN EVER INCREASING AWARENESS OF THE EFFECT OF THE COARSE AGGREGATE TYPE (USED IN PAVEMENT SURFACES) ON SKID RESISTANCE. ONE PHASE OF THIS STUDY HAS BEEN AN ATTEMPT TO STUDY THE WEAR OR POLISH CHARACTERISTICS OF COARSE AGGREGATES UNDER ACTUAL TRAFFIC. EXPERIMENTAL SECTIONS WITH VARIOUS COARSE AGGREGATE TYPES HAVE BEEN PLACED AT DIFFERENT LOCATIONS THROUGHOUT THE STATE. FRICTION READINGS HAVE BEEN OBTAINED AT 20 MILES PER HOUR AND AT 50 MILES PER HOUR AT PERIODIC TIME INTERVALS WITH A LOCKED WHEEL SKID TEST TRAILER. TWO SURFACES, HOT MIX ASPHALTIC CONCRETE AND SURFACE TREATMENTS, WERE USED IN THESE SECTIONS. KW - Coarse aggregates KW - Experimental roads KW - Friction KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Polishing (Aggregates) KW - Skid resistance KW - Skid trailers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108360 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00205380 AU - Scrivner, F N AU - Michalak, C H AU - Moore, W M AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Energomashinostroenie TI - CALCULATION OF THE ELASTIC MODULII OF A TWO-LAYER PAVEMENT SYSTEM FROM MEASURED SURFACE DEFLECTIONS PY - 1971/03 SP - 33 p. AB - THE THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND A DESCRIPTION ARE GIVEN OF A NEW COMPUTER PROGRAM, ELASTIC MODULUS, CAPABLE OF CONVERTING DEFLECTIONS MEASURED BY A DYNAFLECT ON THE SURFACE OF A HIGHWAY PAVEMENT SUBGRADES (2-LAYER ELASTIC) SYSTEM TO THE ELASTIC MODULII OF THE PAVEMENT AND SUBGRADE. INCLUDED ARE INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE USE OF THE PROGRAM AND A COMPLETE DOCUMENTATION OF ITS OPERATION. /AUTHOR/ KW - Computer programs KW - Deflection KW - Highway pavement KW - Modulus of elasticity KW - Pavements KW - Subgrade (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96013 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01344837 AU - Vaswani, N K AU - Virginia Highway Research Council AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Pavement Design & Performance Study Phase B: Deflection Study. Subgrade Evaluation Based on Theoretical Concepts PY - 1971/02//Interim Report No. 2 SP - 30p AB - Evaluations of pavement soil subgrades for the purpose of design are mostly based on empirical methods such as the California Bearing Ratio (CBR), California soil resistance method• etc. The need for the application of theory and the evaluation of subgrade strength in terms of the modulus of elasticity in place of empirical methods is essential for rational design techniques. In this investigation• the maximum deflection of the pavement and the shape of the deflected basin were utilized to determine the modulus of elasticity of the subgrade. The shape of the deflected basin is defined by the word "spreadability", which is in turn defined as the average deflection as a percentage of the maximum deflection, An evaluation chart was developed. By means of this chart the modulus of elasticity of the subgrade can be determined if the maximum and four other deflections in the deflected basin are known, The same principle could be applied to develop a similar type of evaluation chart based on the information of the deflected basin collected by any other agency. KW - California bearing ratio KW - Deflection KW - Deflection basins KW - Elastic deformation KW - Empirical methods KW - Modulus of elasticity KW - Pavement design KW - Soil resistance KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Subgrade materials UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36400/36487/70-R29.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1105586 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00212155 AU - Fertis, D B AU - Society of Mechanical Engineers TI - MATERIAL AND STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF CONCRETE MIXTURES BY ACOUSTIC SPECTRA ANALYSIS PY - 1971/02 AB - THE SCOPE OF THIS RESEARCH WAS TO DEVELOP A METHOD THAT COULD BE USED TO DETERMINE MATERIAL BEHAVIOR AND STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF CONCRETE MATERIALS, BY STOCHASTICALLY STUDYING THE SOUND INTENSITIES AND THE SOUND PATTERNS THAT ARE PRODUCED BY CRACKS AND RELATED FAILURES IN THE CONCRETE, DURING THE TIME IT IS GRADUALLY LOADED TO FAILURE. THE SPECIMENS USED IN THIS RESEARCH ARE STANDARD CONCRETE CYLINDERS REPRESENTING CONCRETE MIXTURES OF DEFINITE MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS. THE RESULTS OF THIS RESEARCH HAVE ILLUSTRATED THAT THE METHOD OF ACOUSTIC SPECTRA ANALYSIS CAN BE USED TO DETERMINE BOTH STATIC AND DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF CONCRETE MIXTURES. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Admixtures KW - Analysis KW - Concrete KW - Concrete cracking KW - Concrete properties KW - Cracking KW - Failure KW - Physical properties KW - Sound KW - Stochastic processes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/98520 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228691 AU - Sherif, M A AU - Wu, M J AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SUMMARY AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON SOIL ENGINEERING RESEARCH (1965-1970) PY - 1971/02 IS - 7 SP - 18 p. AB - DURING THE YEARS 1965 THROUGH 1970 ENGINEERING RESEARCH WAS CONDUCTED AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON ON THE PECULIAR BEHAVIOR OF SEATTLE CLAYS. THE RESULTS INCLUDE (1) SOIL STRENGTH AND STABILITY, (2) COEFFICIENT OF LATERAL EARTH PRESSURES IN SOIL MEDIA, (3) NEW SOIL PARAMETERS AND DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CYLINDER PILES, (4) RESIDUAL SOIL STRENGTH, AND (5) DYNAMIC SOIL STRENGTH. /FHWA/ KW - Clay KW - Earth pressure KW - Piles (Supports) KW - Preconsolidated clay KW - Preconsolidation pressure KW - Slope stability KW - Strength of materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/117500 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00230769 AU - Awoshika, K AU - Reese, L C AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - ANALYSIS OF FOUNDATION WITH WIDELY SPACED BATTER PILES PY - 1971/02 SP - 340 p. AB - A THEORY FOR SOLVING THE DISPLACEMENT OF A TWO- DIMENSIONAL FOUNDTION WITH WIDELY SPACED BATTER PILES UNDER ANY ARBITRARY STATIC LOADING IS PRESENTED. THE THEORY IS CAPABLE OF DEALING WITH A HIGHLY NONLINEAR SOIL-PILE INTERACTION SYSTEM AS WELL AS THE NONLINEAR PILE MATERIAL. THE PILE IN THE FOUNDATION MAY POSSESS VARIABLE SECTIONAL PROPERTIES ALONG ITS AXIS AND MAY HAVE ANY DEGREE OF FIXITY TO THE PILE CAP. THE THEORY CONSISTS OF A NUMERICAL PROCEDURE FOR SEEKING THE EQUILIBRIUM OF THE APPLIED LOAD AND THE PILE REACTIONS USING FORMULATED FINITE DIFFERENCE METHODS TO COMPUTE THE PILE-TOP REACTIONS OF AN AXIALLY LOADED PILE AND A LATERALLY LOADED PILE. AN EXPERIMENT WAS CONDUCTED ON SMALL-SIZED STEEL PIPE PILES WHICH WERE TWO INCHES IN DIAMETER AND EMBEDDED EIGHT FEET IN A SUBMERGED, DENSE FINE SAND. A NUMBER OF SINGLE PILES WERE TESTED TO EXAMINE THE BEHAVIOR OF AN AXIALLY LOADED PILE AND A LATERALLY LOADED PILE. THEN, THE BEHAVIOR OF GROUPED PILE FOUNDATONS WITH FOUR PILES WERE COMPARED WITH ANALYTICAL PREDICTIONS WHICH WERE BASED ON INFORMATION ABOUT THE AXIAL BEHAVIOR OF A SINGLE PILE AND THE SOIL CRITERIA FOR A LATERALLY LOADED SINGLE PILE. GOOD AGREEMENT WAS OBTAINED BETWEEN THEORY AND EXPERIMENT. THE ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE WHICH IS PRESENTED CAN BE IMMEDIATLEY USEFUL IN COMPUTING THE BEHAVIOR OF A PILE SUPPORTED FOUNDATION UNDER INCLINED AND ECCENTRIC LOADING. /FHWA/ KW - Analysis KW - Foundations KW - Loading KW - Loads KW - Piles (Supports) KW - Soils UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/117825 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206450 AU - Hopkins, J G AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - (1970 INTERIM REPT NO 3) PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS AND SERVICEABILITY PY - 1971/02 AB - THE TEST DATA WERE COMPILED AND NORMALIZED TO PERMIT CLASSIFICATION OF THE NEW PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTED INTO A RATING SCALE FOR THAT PARTICULAR SET OF DATA. ALSO, THE CURRENT YEAR'S TEST RESULTS WERE COMPARED TO THOSE RESULTS OF THE 1968 AND 1969 PROGRAMS. THIS COMPARISON OF ROUGHNESS FACTORS, ON THE BASIS OF MILEAGE CONSTRUCTED, DOES INDICATE A TREND TOWARD IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION SINCE 1968. THE BREAKDOWN OF TEST DATA BY DISTRICT POINTS OUT THOSE AREAS IN NEED OF IMPROVEMENT. AS AN INVENTORY OF INITIAL ROUGHNESS FACTORS FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION IS COMPILED AND THEN SUPPLEMENTED WITH ADDITIONAL RESULTS OF PERIODIC RE-TESTS OF THIS CONSTRUCTION, DEVELOPMENT OF THE TREND IN ROUGHNESS WILL PERMIT THE PROJECTION OF A SERVICEABILITY CURVE FOR USE IN SERVICEABILITY PREDICTIONS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Mileage KW - Paving KW - Roughness KW - Serviceability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/100334 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228670 AU - WALTER, D AU - Kriebel, A R AU - Kaplan, K AU - California Division of Highways AU - URS Research Company AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - URS FREE FIELD SOIL STRESS GAUGE DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND EVALUATION PY - 1971/02 AB - THE DESIGN FABRICATION AND EVALUATION OF A STATIC- DYNAMIC FREE-FIELD SOIL STRESS GAUGE ARE DISCUSSED. THE GAUGE IS DISC-SHAPED WITH A THICKNESS OF 0.060 IN AND A DIAMETER OF 1.500 IN. THE SENSING ELEMENT IS A PIEZORESISTIVE SEMICONDUCTOR STRAIN GAUGE LOCATED IN A FLUID CAVITY. THE GAUGE WAS EVALUATED IN TWO SOILS: OTTAWA 20-30 SAND AT TWO DENSITIES (108 AND 101 PCF), AND A KAOLINITE CLAY AT TWO WATER CONTENTS (25% AND 30% BY WEIGHT). ALL TESTS WERE CONDUCTED IN THE SOIL TESTING FACILITES DEVELOPED AT URS WHICH ARE ESSENTIALLY FREE OF SIDE WALL OR BOUNDARY EFFECTS. WITH THESE FACILITIES, THE SOIL STRESS FIELD IN THE ABSENCE OF A GAUGE (THE FREE-FIELD STRESS) CAN BE ACCURATELY DETERMINED, SO THAT WHEN A GAUGE IS INCLUDED IN THE SOIL ITS INFLUENCE ON THE FREE-FIELD STRESS FIELD IN ITS VICINITY CAN BE FOUND. BOTH STATIC AND DYNAMIC TESTS WERE CONDUCTED AT VARIOUS STRESS LEVELS AND DEPTHS OF BURIAL OF THE GAUGE IN SOIL COLUMNS TO DETERMINE GAUGE ACCURACY, REPEATABILITY, LINEARITY, STABILITY, AND ITS SENSITIVITY TO VARIOUS POSSIBLE SOURCES OF SPURIOUS SIGNALS. WATERPROOFING TECHNIQUES TO PROJECT THE GAUGE FROM DIVERSE MOISTURE CONDITIONS WERE ALSO EVALUATED. THESE TESTS INDICATE THAT THE GAUGE HAS HIGH SENSITIVITY (0.75 MV/PSI), FLAT FREQUENCY RESPONSE FROM 100 TO ZERO KHZ, HIGH REPEATABILITY, AND IS LINEAR, STABLE, AND INSENSITIVE TO ACCELERATION, EDGE LOADING, BENDING, LEAD WIRE SIZE, AND THE PRESENCE OF OTHER NEARBY GAUGES. IT CAN ALSO BE PLACED IN WET ENVIRONMENTS FOR LONG PERIODS OF TIME. /AUTHOR/ KW - Dynamic tests KW - Free field stress KW - Measuring instruments KW - Soil tests KW - Soils KW - Static tests KW - Strain gages KW - Stresses KW - Waterproofing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118976 ER - TY - SER AN - 00221248 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Tamanini, F J TI - DESIGNING FAIL-SAFE STRUCTURES FOR HIGHWAY SAFETY PY - 1971/02 AB - HIGHWAY RESEARCH HAS MET, AND IS CONTINUING TO MEET, THE CHALLENGE TO HELP STEM THE ENORMOUS ACCIDENT TOLL OF THE NATION'S HIGHWAY SYSTEM. IN ADDITION TO NUMEROUS INNOVATIONS ON THE ROADWAY ITSELF, REVISIONS TO THE ROADSIDE ARE VIRTUALLY ELIMINATING LETHAL TARGETS AT WHICH ERRANT VEHICLES OFTEN ARE DIRECTED. NOT ONLY ARE ROADSIDE APPURTENANCES BEING PLANNED OUT OF PROBABLE COLLISION ZONES BUT SAFE FAILURES ARE BEING DESIGNED-IN FOR THOSE THAT CANNOT BE RELOCATED FEASIBLY. THESE FAIL-SAFE STRUCTURES, WHICH HAVE NEARLY ELIMINATED FATALITIES AND DRASTICALLY REDUCED INJURY AND PROPERTY DAMAGE AT LOCATIONS WHERE THEY HAVE REPLACED RIGID STRUCTURES, ARE BEING IMPLEMENTED EACH MONTH BY STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENTS. FAIL-SAFE STRUCTURES MUST BE DESIGNED FOR BOTH STRENGTH TO PERFORM THE TASKS FOR WHICH THEY WERE BUILT, AND WEAKNESS TO YIELD UNDER IMPACT. SOME OF THE DESIGNS THAT INCORPORATE THESE SEEMINGLY INCOMPATIBLE CHARACTERISTICS ARE REVIEWED, SOME OF THE PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN FAIL-SAFE STRUCTURE DESIGN, DISCUSSED. /AUTHOR/ KW - Crashes KW - Failure KW - Fatalities KW - Highway safety KW - Highways KW - Impacts KW - Improvements KW - Injuries KW - Loss and damage KW - Prevention KW - Property KW - Property damage KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Safety equipment KW - Structures KW - Yield UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/107833 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00212094 AU - Liddle, W J AU - JONES, G M AU - Peterson, D E AU - Darter, M I AU - Isakson, W B AU - Keane, E G AU - Utah State Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THERMAL EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION OF CONCRETE PAVEMENT IN UTAH PY - 1971/02 AB - THE MOVEMENTS AT TRANSVERSE EXPANSION JOINTS AND SKEWED CONTRACTION JOINTS ARE BEING MONITORED ON A 9IN. THICK, SLIP FORMED, UNDOWELED, PLAIN CONCRETE PAVEMENT BUILT IN 1967. MEASUREMENTS ARE BEING TAKEN AT 4 BRIDGE ABUTMENT AREAS AND AT 4 OTHER CENTRAL AREAS IN A ONE MILE SECTION OF I-15 AT MIDVALE. MEASUREMENTS WERE OBTAINED OVER ONE 24 HOUR PERIOD IN THE AIR AND AT VARIOUS DEPTHS OF THE CONCRETE WHILE OTHER TEMPERATURES ARE MADE PERIODICALLY. MEASUREMENTS OF LOAD TRANSFER WERE ALSO MADE WITH A DYNAFLECT. THE OBJECT IS TO DETERMINE WHETHER THIS JOINTING SYSTEM IS SATISFACTORY IN ALLEVIATING DAMAGE CAUSED BY EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION THROUGH TEMERATURE, MOISTURE AND INTERNAL CHEMICAL CHANGES, VARYING CONDITIONS OF LOADING AND SUPPORT AND THE SHRINKAGE OF CONCRETE WITH AGE. THE RESULTS OF THIS FIRST YEAR OF TESTING SHOW THAT THESE IS NO UNCONTROLLED CRACKING AND NO EXCESSIVE JOINT MOVEMENT OR SLAB CREEPING. THE EFFECT OF POSSIBLE DAMAGE CAUSED BY SHRINKAGE DUE TO AGE WILL BE STUDIED ON A YEARLY BASIS AND REPORTED IN THE FINAL REPORT. /AUTHOR/ KW - Aging KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridges KW - Concrete KW - Concrete cracking KW - Concrete creep KW - Concrete curing KW - Concrete pavements KW - Concrete shrinkage KW - Contraction KW - Cracking KW - Creep KW - Creep properties KW - Heat KW - Joint KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Load transfer KW - Measurement KW - Shrinkage KW - Shrinkage cracks KW - Shrinkage tests KW - Skewed structures KW - Thermal contraction KW - Thermal expansion KW - Transverse joints UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/98481 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00260512 AU - Shore, S AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia TI - HORIZONTALLY CURVED HIGHWAY BRIDGES FIRST ANNUAL REPORT (CURT REPORT NO. A0171) SN - A0171 PY - 1971/01/31 SP - 119 p. AB - To evaluate the flexural and torsional stiffness properties of curved bridges a finite element method was developed, including a fully compatible, two-dimensional, flat-plate element whose geometry was a partial sector of a circle. A test jig was developed to permit pure torsional and flexural moments in either straight or curved, single or built-up members used in model tests. The jig was designed to permit either unrestrained warping or no warping. Seventy tests were run on straight and curved members of different radii and arc lengths to determine the influence of curvature on the rigidities. KW - Curvature KW - Curved bridges KW - Finite element method KW - Flexure KW - Model tests KW - Stiffness KW - Torsion KW - Warpage KW - Warping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129821 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00204636 AU - Pinnock, D E AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - California Division of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MICROBIAL CONTROL OF LEPIDOPTEROUS LARVAE PY - 1971/01/28 AB - A BIOASSAY TECHNIQUE WAS DEVELOPED FOR TESTING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FIVE COMMERCIAL FORMULATIONS OF THE MICROBIAL CONTROL AGENT BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS AGAINST LARVAE OF THE RED-HUMPED CATERPILLAR, SCHIZURA CONCINNA. THE RESULTS, TOGETHER WITH THE RESULTS OF FIELD PERSISTENCE AND PHYTOTOXICITY TRAIL, INDICATED THAT CERTAIN FORMULATIONS COULD PROVIDE THE DEGREE OF CONTROL REQUIRED AT A COST COMPARABLE TO, OR LOWER THAN, THE COST OF CHEMICAL INSECTICIDES FORMERLY USED. A SERIES OF FIELD TRIALS, CONDUCTED UNDER NORMAL PEST CONTROL OPERATING CONDITIONS, CONFIRMED THE LABORATORY FINDINGS, AND IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS BE ADOPTED AS THE CONTROL AGENT FOR THIS PEST. DETAILED POPULATION STUDIES OF THE PEST INSECT REVEALED TWO IMPORTANT NATURAL ENEMIES, HYPOSOTER FUGITUVUS AND APANTELES SP., BOTH PARASITIC WASPS. THE DECLINE OF NATURAL CONTROL BY H. FUGITIVUS APPEARED TO BE DUE TO A DRASTIC REDUCTION IN NECTAR SUPPLY DURING THE LATE SUMMER. THE POSSIBLE ENHANCEMENT OF THE HIGHWAY LANDSCAPE TO FAVOR THESE BENEFICIAL INSECTS IS DISCUSSED. THE ADULT MOTHS OF SCHIZURA CONCINNA ARE NOCTURAL, SO THAT DIRECT OBSERVATION OF THEIR FLIGHT ACTIVITY IS NOT POSSIBLE. TWO METHODS WERE USED IN AN ATTEMPT TO DETECT MAJOR FLIGHT PERIODS AND SO PROVIDE ADVANCE INFORMATION ON DEVELOPING INFESTATIONS. THE FIRST METHOD EMPLOYED AN ULTRA-VIOLET (BLACK-LIGHT) TRAP. THIS WAS UNSUCCESSFUL, PROBABLY DUE TO THE LARGE NUMBERS OF STREET LIGHTS NEAR BY. THE SECOND METHOD INVOLVED THE USE OF VIRGIN FEMALE MOTHS IN PHEROMONE TRAPS. THE RESULTS OF THIS METHOD WERE ENCOURAGING, BUT AN IMPROVED TRAP DESIGN IS NECESSARY TO PROLONG THE LIFE OF THE ENCLOSED MOTHS./FHWA/ KW - Caterpillars KW - Chemicals KW - Insects KW - Landscape design KW - Microbiology KW - Pest control KW - Pesticides UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/99181 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00242856 AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation TI - PROCEEDINGS-COMMITTEE ON COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY, NATIONAL CONFERENCE-1971 PY - 1971/01/24 AB - ALL THE PAPERS ARE FOCUSED ON THE COMMITTEE'S MAIN OBJECTIVES--TO IMPROVE THE APPLICATION OF ELECTRONIC TECHNIQUES IN ALL PHASES OF HIGHWAY PLANNING, RIGHT-OF- WAY ACQUISITION, DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, MAINTENANCE, ADMINISTRATION, AND MANAGEMENT. THEY INCLUDE: APPLICATIONS OF INTERACTIVE COMPUTER GRAPHICS, R. STROMQUIST. AUTORODES-OHIO'S AUTOMATED ROADWAY DESIGN SYSTEM, M. LARKIN AND D. WATTS. INTERACTIVE GRAPHICS APPLIED TO HIGHWAY ENGINEERING, C. W. BIELFUSS. COMPUTATION AND PLOTTING OF HIGHWAY INTERCHANGES, W. D. VANDERSLICE. THE FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION BATTERY OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING COMPUTER PROGRAMS, D. W. BRIGGS. DATA BASE CONCEPTS, A. TUTZER. /FHWA/ U1 - American Assn of State Hwy & Transp Office Proc KW - Automation KW - Computer graphics KW - Computer programs KW - Databases KW - Graphical analysis KW - Graphics KW - Highway design KW - Highway engineering KW - Interchanges KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/130797 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206427 AU - Kessinger, B G AU - Neilsen, W D AU - Arkansas State Highway Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SKID RESISTANCE STUDY (TYPE B) PY - 1971/01/06 AB - FIFTEEN DIFFERENT SITES SURFACED WITH LOCALLY PRODUCED LIMESTONE AGGREGATE WERE CHOSEN AS TEST SECTONS TO DETERMINE WHETHER THERE IS A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF A LIMESTONE AND THAT PARTICULAR AGGREGATE'S SKID RESISTANCE QUALITIES. THESE SECTIONS HAD RECEIVED AT LEAST FIVE MILLION APPLICATIONS. THE RESULTS WERE INCONCLUSIVE, APPARENTLY OWING TO THE FACT THAT THE SITES WERE TESTED UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS. /AUTHOR/. KW - Limestone KW - Limestone aggregates KW - Skid resistance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/100226 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457557 AU - Van Valkenburg, Gerald W AU - Michael, Harold L AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Criteria for No-Passing Zones : Technical Paper PY - 1971/01 SP - 39p AB - The concept presently used by most states for establishing and marking no-passing zones on two-lane highways legally prohibits motorists from driving on the left side of a yellow line throughout the length of a no-passing zone. The shortcomings of this concept, called the short zone concept, are well known. It is physically impossible for motorists to always complete a passing maneuver without crossing the yellow line because of the limited visibility of no-passing zone signs and pavement markings. Furthermore, the crossing of a yellow line to complete a passing maneuver begun prior to the beginning of a no-passing zone is not an unsafe practice. An alternative to the short zone concept is a concept that allows the yellow line to be crossed for the purpose of completing a passing maneuver. This concept, called the long zone concept, prohibits the beginning of a passing maneuver in a marked no-passing zone. The purpose of this study was to determine which no-passing zone concept should be adopted to assure maximum safety and comfort for the motoring public, and to determine appropriate criteria and legislation to implement the recommended concept. The results of the research indicate that the long zone concept, which legally allows the completion of a passing maneuver within a no-passing zone, should be adopted. Criteria for marking no-passing zones and a model law required to implement the concept were developed. KW - Highway safety KW - No passing zones KW - Passing sight distance KW - Passing zones UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313794 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219077 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457552 AU - Ramaswamy, S V AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Creep of Compacted Clays : Progress Report PY - 1971/01 SP - 230p AB - The research was initiated to establish a useful description of the time-dependent stress-strain behavior of compacted cohesive soils, which could be incorporated in an analysis of boundary value problems in soil mechanics. KW - Cohesive soils KW - Compacted clays KW - Compacted soils KW - Creep KW - Deformation curve KW - Soil mechanics KW - Time dependence UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314523 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219083 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457550 AU - Witczak, Matthew W AU - Lovell, C W AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A Generalized Investigation of Potential Aggregate Availability by Regional Geomorphic Units within the Adjacent 48 States PY - 1971/01 SP - 35p AB - The principal activity in this study was an examination of the potential aggregate availability of the Adjacent 48 States within an extant physiographic classification system. The classification selected was a modified version of the Woods-Lovell Physiographic-Engineering System, comprised of 97 physiographic sections. Estimated potential aggregate availability was rated at four levels, ranging from "abundant-to-adequate" to "severe-problem." Individual physiographic section ratings were assigned following an examination of the major aggregate type(s) used, their distribution within the section, and any quality limitations associated with their use. Information relative to aggregate types and characteristics was gathered from: the literature, particularly bedrock and surficial maps, and responses to a materials questionnaire sent to each state highway agency. The study shows that aggregates are potentially in short supply over about one-third of the Adjacent 48 States, i.e., these areas have "limited to severe problem" ratings. Such areas are primarily comprised of regional topography formed from predominantly sandstone and shale bedrock, or from transported deposits deficient in either quantity or quality of sand-gravel and underlain by bedrock with little or no aggregate potential. KW - Aggregates KW - Bedrock KW - Geomorphology KW - Physiography KW - Regions KW - Topography KW - United States UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313793 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219076 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457548 AU - Diamond, Sidney AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Analysis of Hydrated Cements Using a Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer Combination : Technical Paper PY - 1971/01 SP - 29p AB - This paper is the result of an investigation into the feasibility of employing a scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer combination to determine the approximate composition of particles and areas of interest in hydrated cements as revealed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Recent SEM studies of hydrated cement pastes and related materials suggest that the microstructure of these important substances is far more complex than had been previously appreciated. Proper interpretation and understanding of the microstructural features requires that the approximate composition or at least the chemical nature of the particles and other microstructural units be known. KW - Cement KW - Electron microscopes KW - Energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry KW - Hydrates KW - Microstructure KW - Scanners KW - Spectrometers UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314527 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219085 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457546 AU - Urbanik, Thomas AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Driver Information Systems for Highway-Railway Grade Crossings PY - 1971/01//Final Report SP - 167p AB - The reduction in accidents at highway-railway grade crossings is a desirable objective. To fulfill this objective past research was examined and a new direction was taken relative to improving safety at highway-railway grade crossings. This new direction was to improve the warning systems at individual crossings rather than an examination of priorities for improvement of railroad crossings or an examination of the effectiveness of present warning systems. The research utilizes an attitudinal survey in order to meet four broad objectives. These objectives were an evaluation of driver attitudes concerning the hazards at railroad grade crossings, an evaluation of priorities for improving safety at railroad grade crossings, an evaluation of warning systems for railroad grade crossings, and the development of a typical design for a new advance warning system. The research indicates that the respondents considered railroad grade crossings more hazardous than several other highway hazards. However, all hazards were, at most, only considered moderately hazardous by the respondents. The improvement of safety at railroad grade crossings was given high priority by the respondents. An overhead changeable message sign was the most preferred method of warning at railroad grade crossings. It was concluded that a field installation is desirable. KW - Driver information systems KW - Highway safety KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Railroad safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Variable message signs KW - Warning signs UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313800 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219080 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457544 AU - Scholer, Charles F AU - Olateju, Olubayo Timothy AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Mechanical Methods of Steel Placement For the Slipform Construction of Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavements : Technical Paper PY - 1971/01 SP - 32p AB - The purpose of the Research was to examine current highway construction techniques which would reduce pavement costs without sacrificing pavement quality. It was believed that an investigation into the presently used methods for slipform paving and for installing reinforcing steel for continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) would help in satisfying the stated objective. KW - Construction management KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Costs KW - Reinforcing steel KW - Slip form paving UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313807 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219082 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457535 AU - Vanderwoude, Willliam Jan AU - Lembi, Carole A AU - Morre, D James AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - An Effect of 2, 4-D Herbicide on the Cell Surface Membrane of Onion Stem Explants : Technical Paper PY - 1971/01 SP - 20p AB - The activity of a plasma membrane-associated glucan synthetase of onion stem was increased by addition of the auxin herbicide 2,4-D. The effect was expressed either by pre-incubating the tissue with 2,4-D or by adding the 2,4-D to the synthetase assay. 2,4-D in the synthetase assay had little or no effect with fractions from tissue grown in the presence of 2,4-D. In the in vitro assay, both the synthetase and the 2,4-D required magnesium ions for activity. The 2,4-D effect was most pronounced on the incorporation of radioactivity into polysaccharides soluble in hot water; these polysaccharides representing about 20% of the total polysaccharide synthesized in vitro . KW - Herbicides KW - Vegetation control UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313801 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219081 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457530 AU - Witczak, Matthew W AU - Lovell, C W AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A Generalized Investigation of Potentially Poor Soil Support by Regional Geomorphic Units within the Adjacent 48 States : Preprint PY - 1971/01 SP - 37p AB - This report qualitatively assesses the potential for poor soil support within the adjacent 48 states. For each of 97 physiographic sections, an estimate was made of: (a) the frequency of occurrence of organic deposits, and (b) the combined frequency of occurrence-severity rating of clayey deposits. In order to assess the regional character of the poor support problem, a national soil textural map was developed. Frequency of occurrence ratings for organic deposits were determined directly from this map for each section. For clayey deposits, a severity scale, based upon a relationship between the soil texture and the Unified Soil Classification System, was combined with the frequency of occurrence rating of clayey deposits obtained from the national soils map. The poor support potential was rated at five levels: (VW) very widespread, (M-W) medium to widespread, (L-M) limited to medium, (N-L) non-existent to limited, and (NE) non-existent. The study indicated the limited regional distribution of organic terrain in the Adjacent 48 States. This distribution is concentrated in youthful (geomorphic) glacial and coastal terrain due to the rather poorly integrated drainage system often associated with these regional geomorphic areas. Although clayey deposits occur throughout the Adjacent 48 States, the greater concentration of them is east of the Rocky Mountains. The climatic, topographic and parent material factors are generally more favorable in the latter areas for the development of clay minerals. KW - Clay soils KW - Geomorphology KW - Organic deposits KW - Physiography KW - Regions KW - Soil mapping KW - Topography KW - United States UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313792 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219075 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457527 AU - Yeh, P T AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Engineering Soils Map of Vigo County, Indiana PY - 1971/01//Final Report SP - 59p AB - The Engineering Soils Map of Vigo County, Indiana which accompanies this report was compiled from aerial photographs having and approximate scale of 1:20,000. The aerial photographs were taken in August of 1939 for the United States Department of Agriculture and were purchased from that agency. Aerial photographic interpretation of the land forms and engineering soils of this county was accomplished in accordance with accepted principles of observation and inference. KW - Aerial photography KW - Engineering soils KW - Indiana KW - Soil mapping UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314525 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219084 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00262678 AU - Smith, T AU - McCauley, M L AU - Mearns, R AU - California Department of Public Works TI - PRESPLITTING SN - M&R 632955 PY - 1971/01 SP - 37 p. AB - Presplitting is defined and the experience of the California Division of Highways with the use of the technique is reported on metamorphic rock. The application of the technique was successful and increased future use is anticipated. The factors which contributed to obtaining satisfactory results are discussed and an analysis of costs is made. Specifications are discussed and the proposed specifications for the California Division of Highways are presented. /FHWA/ KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Construction management KW - Presplitting KW - Presplitting (Blasting) KW - Rock excavation KW - Slopes KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/135443 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00233749 AU - Sherif, M A AU - Wu, M J AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE DYANMIC SHEAR BEHAVIOR OF SEATTLE CLAYS PY - 1971/01 IS - 6 SP - 76 p. AB - FROM A SERIES OF DYNAMIC UNDRAINED TRIAXIAL TESTS IT HAS BEEN FOUND THAT THE STRENGTH REDUCTION UNDER DYNAMIC EXCITATION IN SEATTLE CLAYS IS DEPENDENT ON THE GEOLOGIC SOIL STRESS HISTORY. THE NEW RESEARCH DATA PROVIDED WILL ENABLE THE ENGINEER FOR THE FIRST TIME TO DETERMINE THE DYNAMIC DESIGN STRENGTH OF SEATTLE SOILS AS A FUNCTION OF PRECOMPRESSION RATIO. /FHWA/ KW - Clay KW - Dynamic tests KW - Dynamics KW - Preconsolidated clay KW - Preconsolidation pressure KW - Slope stability KW - Strength of materials KW - Triaxial shear tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/123059 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00227537 AU - Barton-Aschman Associates, Incorporated AU - Milwaukee County, Wisconsin TI - MILWAUKEE CENTRAL AREA TRANSIT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM PY - 1971/01 AB - THE SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION (SEWRPC) PRODUCED, IN THE FALL OF 1966, A REGIONAL LAND-USE TRANSPORTATION PLAN. AS A PART OF ITS PROPOSED TRANSPORTATION PLAN, SEWRPC RECOMMENDED THAT A NEW MASS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM BE CREATED TO SERVE THE MILWAUKEE METROPOLITAN AREA. A MASS TRANSIT PLANNING STUDY WAS UNDERTAKEN BASED ON THIS RECOMMENDATION. THIS REPORT, PART OF THE MASS TRANSIT PLANNING STUDY, EVALUATES POTENTIAL ALTERNATE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS CONSIDERING CONSTRAINTS OF EXISTING AND PROPOSED LAND DEVELOPMENT. /FHWA/ KW - Distribution systems KW - Land use KW - Physical distribution KW - Public transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118685 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00201235 AU - Hooker, R W AU - Potter, K R AU - University of Wyoming, Laramie TI - THE IMPACT OF A NEW INTERSTATE HIGHWAY ON A CORRIDOR: AN INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS PY - 1971/01 AB - THE INPUT-OUTPUT TECHNIQUE OF ANALYSIS WAS USED TO ESTIMATE THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF NEW INTERSTATE HIGHWAY (I-80) ON A CORRIDOR IN SOUTHWESTERN WYOMING. THE IMPACT WAS MEASURED IN TERMS OF SALES, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATED. LOCAL INPUT COEFFICIENTS WERE DEVELOPED FOR 1967 AND WERE USED TO ESTIMATE THE IMPACT OF THE INTERSTATE ON THE CORRIDOR IN 1967, AS WELL AS THE CUMULATIVE IMPACT OVER THE PERIOD OF CONSTRUCTION, 1955-1975. A NEW TRANSACTION TABLE WAS CONSTRUCTED FOR 1983, AND THE COEFFICIENTS DERIVED FROM THIS TABLE WERE USED TO FORECAST THE CUMULATIVE IMPACT FOR THE 1976-1990 PERIOD. RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH SHOWED THAT THE TOTAL CONSTRUCTION OUTLAY OF $103.5 MILLION, FROM 1955 TO 1975, WILL HAVE GENERATED AN ESTIMATED $65 MILLION OF LOCAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME, $91 MILLION OF SALES BY LOCAL BUSINESSES OTHER THAN HIGHWAY CONTRACTORS, AND APPROXIMATELY 8,600 MAN-YEARS OF EMPLOYMENT. DURING THE PERIOD 1976-1990 AN ADDITIONAL #37 MILLION IN LOCAL SALES AND $9 MILLION IN HOUSEHOLD INCOME WILL BE GENERATED FROM I-80 INDUCED TRAVEL, INDUCED INVESTMENT, INCREASED MAINTENANCE, AND DISTRIBUTION OF GASOLINE AND SALES TAX TO CORRIDOR GOVERNMENTS. /FHWA/ KW - Economic impacts KW - Highways KW - Income KW - Input output models KW - Sales UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/91073 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240419 AU - Barton-Aschman Associates, Incorporated AU - Milwaukee County, Wisconsin TI - MILWAUKEE CENTRAL AREA TRANSIT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM PY - 1971/01 AB - THE SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION (SEWRPC) PRODUCED, IN THE FALL OF 1966, A REGIONAL LAND-USE TRANSPORTATION PLAN. AS A PART OF ITS PROPOSED TRANSPORTATION PLAN, SEWRPC RECOMMENDED THAT A NEW MASS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM BE CREATED TO SERVE THE MILWAUKEE METROPOLITAN AREA. A MASS TRANSIT PLANNING STUDY WAS UNDERTAKEN BASED ON THIS RECOMMENDATION. THIS REPORT, PART OF THE MASS TRANSIT PLANNING STUDY, EVALUATES POTENTIAL ALTERNATE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS CONSIDERING CONSTRAINTS OF EXISTING AND PROPOSED LAND DEVELOPMENT. /FHWA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Distribution systems KW - Land use KW - Physical distribution KW - Public transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131475 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00208049 AU - Mccollom, B F AU - Kansas State Highway Commission AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DESIGN OF SLIP BASES FOR BREAK-AWAY SIGNS PY - 1971/01 SP - 48 p. AB - THIS REPORT CONCERNS THE DESIGN OF THE SLIP BASE PORTION OF BREAKAWAY SIGN SUPPORTS. IT DEALS WITH THE STRESS ANALYSIS UNDER LABORATORY LOAD SIMULATION CONDITIONS OF A NEW TYPE OF MODIFIED TEXAS SLIP BASE. THIS NEW TYPE, OWING TO ITS LIGHTER WEIGHT AND SIMPLE DESIGN, REPRESENTS A LOWER COST ITEM THAN DESIGNS CURRENTLY IN USE IN KANSAS. THE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS WAS ACCOMPLISHED WITH STRAIN GAGE TECHNIQUES AND SURFACE SHEET PHOTOELASTIC STRESS ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES. /AUTHOR/ KW - Breakaway supports KW - Roadside structures KW - Sign structures KW - Sign supports KW - Signs KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96733 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00212100 AU - Janowiecki, R J AU - Semler, C E AU - Monsanto Research Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A QUICK-SETTING SILICO-PHOSPHATE CEMENT PY - 1971/01 AB - THE PURPOSE WAS TO DEVELOP A VERY RAPID-PATCHING CEMENT FOR REPAIR OF CONCRETE PAVEMENTS AND BRIDGE DECKS. QUICK-SETTING CEMENTS WERE DEVELOPED WITH SOME PROPERTIES SIGNIFICANTLY BETTER THAN THOSE OF TYPE III PORTLAND CEMENT. THESE SILICOPHOSPHATE CEMENTS WERE PREPARED FROM A NATURALLY OCCURRING CALCIUM SILICATE, WOLLASTONITE, AND PHOSPHORIC ACID CONTAINING DISSOLVED METAL IONS, SUCH AS ZINC, ALUMINUM, ETC. THE CEMENT-TO-AGGREGATE RATIO, THE LIQUID-TO-POWDER RATIO, AND THE TYPES AND QUANTITIES OF USEFUL ADDITIVES TO THE ACID WERE INVESTIGATED. SETTING TIMES FOR HARDENING RANGED FROM MINUTES TO HOURS AND WERE CONTROLLABLE DEPENDING ON FORMULATION AND PROCESSING. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTHS DEVELOPED IN HOURS USING QUICK-SETTING CEMENTS EXCEEDED THOSE OBTAINED AFTER DAYS OF CURING WITH CONVENTIONAL CEMENTS. THE REPRODUCIBILITY IN FABRICATING MECHANICALLY MIXED CEMENT SAMPLES IN THE LABORATORY WAS DETERMINED. THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS CURING CONDITIONS ON STRENGTH PROPERTIES WERE NOTED. LINEAR EXPANSION AND RESISTANCE TO FREEZE-THAW CYCLING AND TO VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTS WERE MEASURED. TENSILE AND BOND STRENGTHS WERE ALSO INVESTIGATED. /AUTHOR/ KW - Bond strength (Materials) KW - Bonding KW - Bridge decks KW - Cement KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete KW - Concrete curing KW - Concrete pavements KW - Expansion KW - Freeze thaw durability KW - Linear elasticity KW - Linear expansion KW - Patching KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Quick condition KW - Repairing KW - Repairs KW - Setting (Concrete) KW - Setting time KW - Silico-phosphate cement KW - Tensile strength UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/98495 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00212097 AU - Bowers, D G AU - Connecticut Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN EXPERIMENTAL SELF-STRESSING PAVEMENT, RT. 2, GLASTONBURY, FINAL REPORT PY - 1971/01 AB - IN 1963, THREE SLABS 24' X 500' X 6" THICK WERE PLACED ON RTE. 2 IN GLASTONBURY, CONNECTICUT. LONGITUDINAL STEEL CONSISTED OF 21-1/2" 7-WIRE STRANDS ON 14" CENTERS AND TRANSVERSE STEEL CONSISTED OF #7 RE-BARS ON 2' CENTERS. THE CONCRETE CONTAINED CALCIUM SULFO-ALUMINATE ADHYDRITE WHICH EXPANDED ON HYDRATION AND STRETCHED THE STEEL TO CREATE A SELF-STRESSING PRESTRESSED PAVEMENT. GROWTH OF EACH SLAB WAS ABOUT 1 FOOT WHICH WAS ONLY 1/3 OF THAT NEEDED. HENCE, THE PAVEMENT CRACKED AND BEHAVED SIMILARLY TO A CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT. SLEEPER SLABS, SPECIAL TERMINAL JOINTS AND A BOND-BREAKING MEDIUM WERE USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION. STRAINS IN THE STEEL, LENGTH CHANGES OF THE SLABS, CRACK INTERVALS, CRACK OPENINGS, TRAFFIC, AND SURFACE CONDITION WERE ALL OBSERVED FOR 8 YEARS AND THE RESULTS ARE DISCUSSED. THE ADJACENT JOINTED PAVEMENT HAS ENCROACHED THE EXPANSION SPACE OF THE SLABS AND THE SURFACE CONDITION IS POOR. RESURFACING MAY SOON BE NECESSARY. TWO PREVIOUS PUBLISHED REPORTS IN HRB RECORDS PROVIDE MORE DETAILS. /FHWA/ KW - Aluminates KW - Calcium sulfates KW - Calcium sulfo-aluminate KW - Cement KW - Concrete KW - Concrete pavements KW - Expansive cement KW - Expansive cement concrete pavement KW - Experiments KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Hydration KW - Pavements KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Steel KW - Stresses KW - Stressing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/98488 ER - TY - SER AN - 00222599 JO - California Highways & Public Works AU - Calfornia Highway Patrol AU - California Division of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WARNING LIGHT STUDY. A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF DRIVER BEHAVIOR ON OPERATING EMERGENCY AMBER LIGHTS PY - 1971/01 AB - THE STUDY WAS CONDUCTED IN THE SUMMER OF 1969 TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF OPERATING AMBER WARNING LIGHTS ON DRIVER BEHAVIOR, WITH THE MAIN EMPHASIS ON TRAFFIC FLOW. AMBER LIGHTS WERE OPERATED ON THREE TYPES OF VEHICLES; BLACK AND WHITE ENFORCEMENT, TOW SERVICE TRUCK, AND DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS MAINTENANCE PICKUP, FOR THREE LEVELS OF TRAFFIC VOLUME. THE AMBER LIGHT HAD LITTLE EFFECT ON TRAFFIC FLOW DURING THE DAY. THERE WAS SOME SLOWING OF TRAFFIC AT NIGHT ON THE TWO LANE, LIGHT VOLUME ROAD. THE VEHICLE EFFECT VARIED; THE BLACK AND WHITE VEHICLE HAD THE GREATEST EFFECT, THE PICKUP THE LEAST EFFECT. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN, STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY AND ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS ARE DESCRIBED IN DETAIL. /AUTHOR/ KW - Behavior KW - Black and white vehicles KW - Days KW - Drivers KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Emergency warning devices KW - Enforcement KW - Experimental design KW - Flashing traffic signals KW - Flashing yellow signals KW - Operational effects KW - Operations KW - Pickup trucks KW - Pickups KW - Slow moving vehicles KW - Statistical analysis KW - Tow service car KW - Towing vehicles KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic volume KW - Two lane highways KW - Vehicles KW - Warning signs KW - Yellow interval (Traffic signal cycle) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/113255 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514034 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-71 construction completion, Melish Ave to east of Victory Parkway, Hamilton County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Ohio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298358 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514033 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - STH-59 to CTH-A, Waukesha bypass, Waukesha County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, F(microfiche) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298357 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514032 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-12 construction, Bath Corner through Groton to Andover, Brown/Day counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - South Dakota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298356 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513154 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - FAS-4343, FAS-4427 to southeast of Collegedale, Hamilton County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297478 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513153 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SD-40 flattening, widening, Rapid City municipal airport access road to Farmingdale, Pennington County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - South Dakota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297477 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513152 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SD-40 grading, Cedar Butte-east, Mellette County environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - South Dakota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297476 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513135 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-666/180 improvement, Nutrioso-Alpine section, Nutrioso : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Arizona KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297459 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513134 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-80, Douglas to Cochise Junior College, Cochise County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Arizona KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297458 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513133 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-31E replacement, Allen County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kentucky UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297457 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512214 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-84, Andalusia to River Falls, Covington County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Alabama KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296538 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512213 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-43, Leroy School to Jackson, Washington County / Clarke County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Alabama KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296537 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512211 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-40 (Kingman-Ashfork Hwy), Mohave County line to Chino, Yavapai County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Arizona KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296535 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512210 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-75E (Tampa bypass), north of Ellerton to north of Tampa, Manatee County / Hillsborough County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296534 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511358 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 13, 58 and 460 development into six-lane highway, between Magnolia and Bowers Hill, Nansemond County and City of Chesapeake : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295682 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511302 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-90, top of Easton Hill to Easton, Kittitas County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final; Section 4(f) report B1 KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295626 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511301 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SD-63 bridge construction north of Cheyenne River to Stanley County line, Zieben/Haakon counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - South Dakota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295625 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511285 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - FH-9, Verde Valley to Roosevelt Dam, Yavapai County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Arizona KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295609 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511284 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Glasgow-Edmonton Road (Glasgow/KY-80 (US-68) linker), Barren County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kentucky UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295608 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510395 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-90, SR-90, west Snoqualmie to Tanner (North Road bypass) : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, F KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294719 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510394 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - FAS-2624, SR-1 to SR-61, Roane County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294718 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510380 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Southern Railway grade separation, Montgomery Ave to 2nd St, Sheffield : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Alabama KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294704 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510378 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-260 (Payson-Show Low Hwy), Clay Springs section/Pinedale section, Navajo County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Arizona KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294702 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510377 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-40 (Ashfork-Flagstaff Hwy), Supai section, Kaibab N.F., Coconino County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Arizona KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294701 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509672 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Draft environmental impact statement : reconstruction project, State Road 424 (Edgewater Drive), Orange County, Florida PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft(fol), Final(fol) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293996 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509468 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Ocala N.F., Forest road 23 : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293792 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508630 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-45 widening and rehabilitation, between Southern St. and Santa Elena St., Harris County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292954 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508629 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SD-50 construction, Front St. to 0.5 miles east, Charles Mix County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - South Dakota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292953 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508578 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - FAS-6371, SR-1 to SR-10, Rutherford County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292902 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508566 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-88, Pinto Creek section (Apache Trail Hwy), Maricopa County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Arizona KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292890 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508565 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-169, Yarber Wash to I-17, Yavapai County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Arizona KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292889 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508564 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-64, Mule Shoe Bend section, Coconino County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Arizona KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292888 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508563 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - San Bernardino Freeway (FAI-10) proposed express busway : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, F KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292887 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508562 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Harlan-Cumberland-Whitesburg Road (corridor F of Appalachian Hwy system), Harlan County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kentucky UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292886 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508561 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - FAS-1022 (Northern Parkway), extension from Bellona Ave to The Alameda, Baltimore : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Maryland UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292885 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507608 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - College-Beattie St, Greenville : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - South Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1291932 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507597 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-89 proposed corridor relocation, improvement (Wickenburg-Prescott Hwy, Yarnell Hill section), Yavapai County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Arizona KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1291921 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507595 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Gila Bend-Buckeye Hwy, US-80 to Junction, Maricopa County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Arizona KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1291919 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507594 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Bagdad-Hillside Hwy, Bagdad junction SR-97 section replacement, Yavapai County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Arizona KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1291918 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01506769 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Deacon, John A TI - Committee on Strength and Deformation Characteristics of Pavement Sections PY - 1971 IS - 126 SP - pp 195-196 AB - No abstract U1 - Workshop on Structural Design of Asphalt Concrete Pavement SystemsFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationUniversity of Texas. College of EngineeringAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:19701207 EndDate:19701210 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, University of Texas. College of Engineering KW - Committees KW - Deformation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavements KW - Strength of materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290500 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01506299 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Westmann, Russell A TI - Committee on Mechanics of Earth Masses and Layered Systems PY - 1971 IS - 126 SP - pp 197-198 AB - No abstract U1 - Workshop on Structural Design of Asphalt Concrete Pavement SystemsFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationUniversity of Texas. College of EngineeringAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:19701207 EndDate:19701210 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, University of Texas. College of Engineering KW - Committees KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Mechanics KW - Pavements KW - Research KW - Studies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290501 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01506298 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Hudson, W Ronald TI - Committee on Theory of Pavement Design PY - 1971 IS - 126 SP - pp 193-194 AB - No abstract U1 - Workshop on Structural Design of Asphalt Concrete Pavement SystemsFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationUniversity of Texas. College of EngineeringAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:19701207 EndDate:19701210 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, University of Texas. College of Engineering KW - Committees KW - Pavement design KW - Pavements KW - Theory UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290499 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01506297 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Schleffey, Charles F TI - Federal Highway Administration PY - 1971 IS - 126 SP - pp 191-192 AB - No abstract U1 - Workshop on Structural Design of Asphalt Concrete Pavement SystemsFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationUniversity of Texas. College of EngineeringAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:19701207 EndDate:19701210 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, University of Texas. College of Engineering KW - Highways KW - Pavement design KW - Research KW - Traffic KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290498 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01506296 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Sherman, George B TI - In Situ Materials Variability PY - 1971 IS - 126 SP - pp 180-188 AB - No abstract U1 - Workshop on Structural Design of Asphalt Concrete Pavement SystemsFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationUniversity of Texas. College of EngineeringAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:19701207 EndDate:19701210 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, University of Texas. College of Engineering KW - Engineering KW - Field tests KW - Highways KW - Pavement design KW - Pavements KW - Studies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290497 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01506295 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Deacon, John A TI - Materials Characterization--Experimental Behavior PY - 1971 IS - 126 SP - pp 150-179 AB - No abstract U1 - Workshop on Structural Design of Asphalt Concrete Pavement SystemsFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationUniversity of Texas. College of EngineeringAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:19701207 EndDate:19701210 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, University of Texas. College of Engineering KW - Asphalt concrete pavements KW - Experiments KW - Materials KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290473 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01506294 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Hudson, W Ronald TI - Serviceability Performance and Design Consideration PY - 1971 IS - 126 SP - pp 140-149 AB - No abstract U1 - Workshop on Structural Design of Asphalt Concrete Pavement SystemsFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationUniversity of Texas. College of EngineeringAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:19701207 EndDate:19701210 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, University of Texas. College of Engineering KW - AASHO Road Test KW - Failure KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Road tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290472 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01506293 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Moavenzadeh, Fred TI - Damage and Distress in Highway Pavements PY - 1971 IS - 126 SP - pp 114-139 AB - No abstract U1 - Workshop on Structural Design of Asphalt Concrete Pavement SystemsFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationUniversity of Texas. College of EngineeringAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:19701207 EndDate:19701210 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, University of Texas. College of Engineering KW - Failure KW - Highways KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290471 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01506292 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Nair, Keshavan TI - Solutions and Solution Technique for Boundary Value Problems PY - 1971 IS - 126 SP - pp 103-113 AB - No abstract U1 - Workshop on Structural Design of Asphalt Concrete Pavement SystemsFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationUniversity of Texas. College of EngineeringAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:19701207 EndDate:19701210 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, University of Texas. College of Engineering KW - Boundary value problems KW - Mechanics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290470 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01506291 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Westmann, Russell A TI - Fundamentals of Material Characterization PY - 1971 IS - 126 SP - pp 91-102 AB - No abstract U1 - Workshop on Structural Design of Asphalt Concrete Pavement SystemsFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationUniversity of Texas. College of EngineeringAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:19701207 EndDate:19701210 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, University of Texas. College of Engineering KW - Materials KW - Mechanical properties KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290468 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01506290 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Finn, Fred N TI - Observation of Distress in Full-Scale Pavements PY - 1971 IS - 126 SP - pp 86-90 AB - No abstract U1 - Workshop on Structural Design of Asphalt Concrete Pavement SystemsFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationUniversity of Texas. College of EngineeringAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:19701207 EndDate:19701210 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, University of Texas. College of Engineering KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Road tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290466 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01506289 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - McCullough, B F TI - Distress Mechanisms--General PY - 1971 IS - 126 SP - pp 77-85 AB - No abstract U1 - Workshop on Structural Design of Asphalt Concrete Pavement SystemsFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationUniversity of Texas. College of EngineeringAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:19701207 EndDate:19701210 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, University of Texas. College of Engineering KW - Failure analysis KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290465 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01506288 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Pister, Karl S TI - Some Remarks on Research for Structural Design of Asphalt Concrete Pavement Systems PY - 1971 IS - 126 SP - pp 63-76 AB - No abstract U1 - Workshop on Structural Design of Asphalt Concrete Pavement SystemsFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationUniversity of Texas. College of EngineeringAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:19701207 EndDate:19701210 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, University of Texas. College of Engineering KW - Asphalt concrete pavements KW - Pavement design KW - Paving KW - Research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290464 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01506287 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Hudson, W Ronald AU - Yoder, S R AU - Burke, John E AU - Finn, Fred N AU - Lyon, James W AU - Murray, Lionel T AU - Perloff, William H AU - Schiffman, Robert L AU - Yoder, Eldon J AU - Pister, Karl S TI - Relating Distress to Pavement Performance PY - 1971 IS - 126 SP - pp 54-57 AB - No abstract U1 - Workshop on Structural Design of Asphalt Concrete Pavement SystemsFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationUniversity of Texas. College of EngineeringAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:19701207 EndDate:19701210 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, University of Texas. College of Engineering KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290462 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01506286 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - LeClerc, Roger V AU - Williams, Stuart AU - Barksdale, Richard D AU - Bergan, Arthur T AU - Fitzgerald, J E AU - Hanes, C R AU - McDowell, Chester AU - Rice, James M AU - Scrivner, Frank H AU - Shook, James F AU - Vesic, Aleksandar S AU - Wahls, Harvey E TI - Other Permanent Deformation PY - 1971 IS - 126 SP - pp 51-53 AB - No abstract U1 - Workshop on Structural Design of Asphalt Concrete Pavement SystemsFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationUniversity of Texas. College of EngineeringAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:19701207 EndDate:19701210 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, University of Texas. College of Engineering KW - Deformation KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290450 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01506285 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Terrel, Ronald L AU - Vaswani, N K AU - Barenberg, Ernest J AU - Havens, James H AU - Hewett, John W AU - Hoover, James M AU - Moavenzadeh, Fred AU - Smith, Harry A TI - Traffic-Induced Permanent Deformation PY - 1971 IS - 126 SP - pp 48-50 AB - No abstract U1 - Workshop on Structural Design of Asphalt Concrete Pavement SystemsFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationUniversity of Texas. College of EngineeringAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:19701207 EndDate:19701210 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, University of Texas. College of Engineering KW - Corrugations (Defects) KW - Deformation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavements KW - Traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290446 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01506284 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Wilkins, E B AU - Harr, Milton E AU - McComb, Richard A AU - Knauss, Wolfgang B AU - Melville, Phillip L AU - Skok, Eugene L AU - Vallerga, Bernard A AU - Westmann, Russell A TI - Other Fracture PY - 1971 IS - 126 SP - pp 46-47 AB - No abstract U1 - Workshop on Structural Design of Asphalt Concrete Pavement SystemsFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationUniversity of Texas. College of EngineeringAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:19701207 EndDate:19701210 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, University of Texas. College of Engineering KW - Flexible pavements KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Pavement design KW - Pavements KW - Research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290442 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01506283 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Kasianchuk, Donald A AU - Majidzadeh, K AU - Brown, James AU - Deacon, John A AU - McCullough, B F AU - McMahon, Thurmul F AU - Nair, Keshavan AU - Sherman, George B AU - Witczak, Matthew W TI - Traffic-Induced Fracture PY - 1971 IS - 126 SP - pp 42-45 AB - No abstract U1 - Workshop on Structural Design of Asphalt Concrete Pavement SystemsFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationUniversity of Texas. College of EngineeringAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:19701207 EndDate:19701210 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, University of Texas. College of Engineering KW - Bearing capacity KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Pavement design KW - Pavements KW - Stresses KW - Traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290441 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01506282 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Skok, Eugene L AU - Witczak, Matthew W AU - Brown, James AU - Haas, Ralph C G AU - Havens, James H AU - Hoover, James M AU - Liddle, Wallace J AU - McDowell, Chester AU - Vesic, Aleksander S AU - Wilkins, E B AU - Williams, Stuart AU - Yoder, Eldon J TI - Load and Environmental Variables PY - 1971 IS - 126 SP - pp 36-41 AB - No abstract U1 - Workshop on Structural Design of Asphalt Concrete Pavement SystemsFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationUniversity of Texas. College of EngineeringAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:19701207 EndDate:19701210 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, University of Texas. College of Engineering KW - Bearing capacity KW - Pavement design KW - Pavements KW - Research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290439 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01506281 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Shook, James F AU - Hewett, John W AU - Bergan, Arthur T AU - Hudson, W Ronald AU - Kasianchuk, D A AU - Lyon, James W AU - McMahon, Thurmul F AU - Murray, Lionel T AU - Sherman, George B AU - Vallerga, Bernard A AU - Yoder, S R TI - Design Considerations PY - 1971 IS - 126 SP - pp 33-35 AB - No abstract U1 - Workshop on Structural Design of Asphalt Concrete Pavement SystemsFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationUniversity of Texas. College of EngineeringAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:19701207 EndDate:19701210 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, University of Texas. College of Engineering KW - Design KW - Engineering KW - Pavement design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290435 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01506279 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Barksdale, Richard D AU - Barenberg, E J AU - Deacon, J A AU - Finn, Fred N AU - Fitzgerald, J E AU - Hanes, C R AU - McComb, Richard A AU - Knauss, Wolfgang G AU - LeClerc, Roger AU - Majidzadeh, Kamran AU - Moavenzadeh, Fred AU - Pister, Karl S AU - Rice, James M AU - Terrel, Ronald L TI - Materials Characterization PY - 1971 IS - 126 SP - pp 21-24 AB - No abstract U1 - Workshop on Structural Design of Asphalt Concrete Pavement SystemsFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationUniversity of Texas. College of EngineeringAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:19701207 EndDate:19701210 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, University of Texas. College of Engineering KW - Engineering KW - Materials KW - Mathematical models KW - Pavement design KW - Pavements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290432 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01162363 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US. 85 from the North Dakota line south to Ludlow, Harding County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - South Dakota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/923349 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161985 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 460, Appomattox County, Virginia, from 0.72 miles west W.C.L. Appomattox to 0.72 miles east E.C.L. Appomattox : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922969 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161168 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Pedestrian overcrossing on Rt 152 at 7th St in the city of Los Banos : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922152 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01160747 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - County Road 27, US-31 intersection to Hall Creek Road, Escambia County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Alabama KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/921730 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01120020 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Virginia Department of Highways TI - 1972 estimate of the cost of completing the national system of interstate and defense highways in the Commonwealth of Virginia, August, 1971 PY - 1971 SP - 245 p. KW - Estimates KW - Expressways KW - Finance KW - Roads KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/880226 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074264 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Lake Street N--Jones Street Bridge spanning the Chippewa River, City of Eau Claire, Eau Claire County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Final(microfiche) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833658 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074263 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Chelsea N--N. County Line Road, State trunk highway 13, Taylor County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Final(microfiche) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833657 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074262 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - West County line--County trunk highway N road, County trunk highway A, Washburn County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Final(microfiche) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833656 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074261 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - U.S. highway 287, from the Childress County line, Southeast to 1.0 mile west of Acme, Hardman County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Final(microfiche) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833655 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074257 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - State route 101, Evergreen parkway : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Final(microfiche) KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833651 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074255 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - S.R. 515, S.E 196th street to Grady Way, King County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Final(microfiche) KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833649 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074254 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - S.R. 28, Grant Road south--Frontage Road : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Final(microfiche) KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833648 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074247 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - State route 291 in Cambell County, Virginia (northwest expressway) : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Final(microfiche) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833641 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074246 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - State aid highway no. 1 in the town of Lyndon : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Final(microfiche) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Vermont UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833640 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074245 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - State route 8, CS 1408R, Elma rest area : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Final(microfiche) KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833639 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074244 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - S.R. 101, Deer Park to Fairview Road, Clallam County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Final(microfiche) KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833638 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074243 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - U.S.H. 14 N--S.T.H. 33 road C.T.H. YY, La Crosse County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Final(microfiche) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833637 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074242 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Marquette N--Praire du Chien Mississippi River crossing, U.S. 18, Crawford County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Final(microfiche) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833636 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074241 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - U.S. Highway 377 in Denton from existing U.S. 377 north along Carroll Street to Hickory Street, Denton County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Final(microfiche) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833635 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074208 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 17, Caroline and Spotsylvania Counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Final(microfiche) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833602 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074207 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - U.S. Route 460 : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Final(microfiche) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833601 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074206 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Lublin-S.T.H. 64 RD, C.T.H. F, Taylor County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Final(microfiche) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833600 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074205 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Bridge and approaches, Rivermont avenue over Norfolk and western railway and blackwater creek. : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Final(microfiche) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833599 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074204 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 58, Patrick County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Final(microfiche) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833598 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01073677 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Project S-5313 (102) Perry County PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833069 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062015 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-12 improvements, Waitsburg to Dayton : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821510 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062014 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-2 construction and relocation, Peshastin Vicinity to Jct. SR-2 and SR-97 : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821509 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062013 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-129, College Place to SR-12 : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821508 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062012 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - North Spokane Freeway, proposed : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821507 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062011 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 7 reconstruction and widening to six lanes, Route716 reconstruction and widening of eastbound lane, Fairfax County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821506 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062010 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 460 construction, including a bypass of Appamattox : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821505 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062006 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-61 construction, from 1000 ft. northeast of Clinch River Bridge for 4.7 miles northeast, Anderson County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821501 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062005 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-35 construction beginning on SR-32 at I-40 to 5 miles north, Cocke County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821500 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061999 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - City Boulevard construction from Russell St. to I-70 : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Maryland UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821494 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061998 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-83 from I-95 to Eastern Ave., Baltimore : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Maryland UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821493 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061997 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-170 from Pulaski St. to I-70N, Baltimore : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Maryland UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821492 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061995 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Dover East-West connector, Hazlettville Road to US-113 : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Delaware KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821490 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061440 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 94 reconstruction from 17M to 17A approximately : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/820928 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058287 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Main St (Route A-92) industrial park access road, Washington County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817673 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058286 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-5, southwest Capitol Hwy-South Tigard Interchange section widening, Multnomah/Washington counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817672 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058285 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Bridge replacement over Sandy Creek south fork, Tallapoosa County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft(fol) KW - Alabama KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817671 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058284 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Missouri River bridge and approaches replacement on 10th St, Great Falls : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Montana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817670 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058283 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LR-1015 sections 5-8 (TR-119) relocation, upgrading, Fayette County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817669 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058282 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-56 relocation, CR-6 to CR-9, Athens County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Ohio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817668 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058281 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - USH-68, on Cedar Bog near Urbana, Champaign County, environmental impact analysis PY - 1971///Volumes held: Background documents1 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Ohio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817667 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058280 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-16/76 relocation, upgrading, township road 285 to CR-6, Coshocton County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Ohio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817666 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058278 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-28, Grant Road South-Frontage Road construction, Douglas County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817664 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058276 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-571, Darke County, Proposed : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Ohio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817662 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058275 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-772 reconstruction, Ross County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Ohio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817661 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058274 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-257, Delaware County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft(fol) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Ohio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817660 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058273 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-45 construction from Metropolis to FAI-24, Massac County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Supplement to the draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817659 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058272 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STH-83, I-94 to north county line, Waukesha County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817658 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058271 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-525, Swantown Road channelization, Island County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817657 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058270 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-195, Colfax bypass, CR-444 to Pullman bypass, Whitman County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817656 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058269 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-24, Sagehill Road to SR-26, Adams County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817655 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058266 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-95, rest area no.36N construction, Hanover County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817652 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058265 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 40 construction, east limits of Waverly to south of Surry County line, Sussex County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817651 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058264 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-5, SR-27 spur interchange to south of Sequatchie County line, Hamilton County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817650 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058263 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FAP-S-8052(14), SR-54 near Covington to Haywood County line, Tipton County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817649 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058262 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-8, south of county line to SR-28, Hamilton/Sequatchie counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817648 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058261 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-5 relocation, Trenton bypass to south of Rutherford, Gibson County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817647 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058260 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-12 improvements, Davidson County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817646 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058259 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-24, Bonnasprings Drive to east of county line, Davidson/Wilson counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817645 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058258 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Appalachian corridor B, Sullivan County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817644 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058248 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-85 to US-123 connector, Anderson/Pickens counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - South Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817634 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058247 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-170 to US-278 connector, Beaufort County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - South Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817633 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058246 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Old Spartanburg Road (S-94) widening, Greenville County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - South Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817632 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058245 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Lockwood Blvd extension, Charleston County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - South Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817631 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058244 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Washington St-McBee Ave improvements, extensions, Greenville : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - South Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817630 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058243 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-70 reconstruction, I-79 to Pennsylvania Turnpike, Washington/Westmoreland counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817629 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058242 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LR-23073 section A02, Calcon Hook Road widening, Delaware County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817627 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058241 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-281, Hidalgo County line to north of Jim Wells County line, Brooks/Jim Wells counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817626 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058240 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-352 construction, Parry Ave to Hatcher St, Dallas County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817625 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058239 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-35, Durango Blvd to Nogalitos St, San Antonio : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817624 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058238 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 2A, Shirley-Ayer relocation and reconstruction : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Massachusetts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817623 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058237 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Westmoreland St improvement, Judd Road to Whitesboro, Oneida County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New York (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817622 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058236 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 8 relocation, Utica to Poland, Oneida County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New York (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817621 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058235 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-5248 reconstruction, Boonville townline to McKeever, Oneida County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New York (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817620 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058234 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - County road 85 construction, SR-17 junction south, Tuscarora : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New York (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817619 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058233 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-3 widening and resurfacing, Watertown-Hounsfield town line to bridge over I-81, Jefferson County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New York (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817618 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058232 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - County road 65, Doansburg Road bridge replacement, east branch of Croton River, Putnam County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New York (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817617 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058231 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Harbor Drive closure, Pacific Hwy west (US-99W), Portland : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817616 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058230 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-3 improvement, project S-1426(17), Mora County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Mexico UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817615 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058229 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-84/SR-94 junction construction, 4 miles west to Bureau of Reclamation project, Rio Arriba County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Mexico UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817614 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058090 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-25 corridor, N. 2nd St north (North Raton-north), Colfax County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Mexico UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817475 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058074 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FAS-62-08 bridge replacement over Central of Georgia Railway, Tallapoosa County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Alabama KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817459 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058006 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Hwy 7 construction, Hwy 276 to Hwy 4 Spur, Ouachita County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Arkansas KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817391 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058005 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-298 widening, straightening, east forest boundary-east, Garland County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Arkansas KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817390 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058004 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FH-100-4(1), Minarets Summit, Inyo N.F., Madera County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817389 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058002 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 39 development from Lampson Ave to Route 60 (Pomona) Freeway, Los Angeles County / Orange County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817387 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058001 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-49 improvement, realignment, North San Juan to Tyler-Foote Crossing Road, Nevada County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817386 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058000 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 126, proposed freeway construction, Piru to Newhall, Ventura County / Los Angeles County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817385 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01057999 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-169 development or improvement, SR-101 to SR-96, Del Norte County / Humboldt County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817384 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01057998 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FH-100-3(1), Minarets Summit, Sierra N.F., Madera County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817383 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01057997 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-10 relocation, Southington : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Connecticut KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817382 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01057996 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-25 realignment, Litchfield : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Connecticut KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817381 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01057995 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DE-4, Newark Beltway, Ogletown to New London Road, New Castle County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Delaware KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817380 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01057994 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-13 safety improvements, DE-10 to Coopers Corner, Kent County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Delaware KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817379 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01057993 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Kauai Belt Road, Waikaea Bridge to Kawaihau Road, Kauai : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Hawaii UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817378 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01057992 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Kailua-Kawaihae Road, Keahole-Hapuna section (proposed), Hawaii : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Hawaii UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817377 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01057987 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-60, Lexington-Versailles Road, Fayette County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kentucky UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817372 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01057980 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-94 rest area modernization, Jackson County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Michigan UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817365 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01057978 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TH-55 upgrading, Fort Snelling-Minneapolis : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Minnesota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817363 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01057977 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 725, St.Louis County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Missouri UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817362 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01057976 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MT-2, Hungry Horse to West Glacier, Flathead County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Montana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817361 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01057975 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MD-182 upgrading, MD-97 to Argyle Club Road at Layhill, Montgomery County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Maryland UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817360 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01057974 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - South Midtown Freeway, Route 71, Jackson County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Missouri UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817359 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01057973 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - North Platte Valley Freeway corridor Streetudy, Wyoming Streetate line to Broadwater, Sioux/Scotts Bluff/Banner/Morrill counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Nebraska UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817358 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01057971 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Project F-3271(16), FAP hwy on new location, Boise : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Idaho UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817356 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01057970 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - East-west freeway extension, Las Vegas Blvd to Russell Road, Clark County : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft; Informational booklet B1; Project digest B2 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Nevada UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817355 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01057968 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-76, Atlantic Ave to Morgan Blvd, Camden : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft(fol) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Jersey UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817353 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01057967 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-39 realignment, upgrading north of Roy, Colfax/Harding counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Mexico UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817352 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01057965 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-550 construction, Shiprock village to Main St-Broadway intersection in Farmington : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Mexico UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817350 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00204027 AU - Davis, R E AU - Bacher, A E AU - Obermuller, J C AU - California Division of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR OF A CONCRETE PIPE CULVERT-MOUNTAINHOUSE CREEK PY - 1971 AB - AN 84" DIAMETER REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE CULVERT, WITH A 1,000 D LOAD RATING, WAS BURIED UNDER 140 FEET OF HIGHWAY EMBANKMENT. SIX FORTY-FOOT-LONG ZONES WERE SUBJECTED TO THE FOLLOWING BEDDING AND BACKFILL PARAMETERS: (1) PIPE IN TRENCH, SHAPED BEDDING; (2) PIPE IN TRENCH, UNSHAPED FINE AGGREGATE BEDDING; (3) PIPE NOT IN TRENCH, SHAPED BEDDING; (4) PIPE NOT IN TRENCH, 60 DEGREE CONCRETE BEDDING; (5) PIPE NOT IN TRENCH, ON POLYSTYRENE PLANK; AND (6) PIPE NOT IN TRENCH, ON UNSHAPED LINE BEARING ON HARD EARTH. SOIL STRESSES AROUND THE PIPE PERIPHERY AND PIPE DISPLACEMENTS WERE MEASURED IN EACH ZONE. QUALITATIVE OBSERVATIONS WERE MADE OF STRUCTURAL DISTRESS IN THE PIPE, AND THE CONDITIONS IN EACH PIPE WERE COMPARED. RECORDS OF COSTS OF THE VARIOUS PARAMETRIC CONDITIONS WERE KEPT. RESULTS INDICATED THAT PLACEMENT OF A PIPE IN A TRENCH WAS OF GREATER IMPORTANCE THAN SHAPING THE BEDDING. THE 60 DEGREE CONCRETE BEDDING FAILED MOST DRAMATICALLY. THE POLYSTYRENE PLANK SHOWED SOME PROMISE. LINE BEARING, WITHOUT TRENCHING AND WITH ORDINARY EMBANKMENT MATERIAL FOR BACKFILL WAS THE CHEAPEST CONSTRUCTION METHOD. /AUTHOR/ KW - Bedding KW - Costs KW - Embankments KW - Reinforced concrete pipe KW - Soils KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural behavior KW - Structural mechanics KW - Trenches UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/98965 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00814847 AU - Bather-Ringrose-Wolsfeld, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Metropolitan Council of the Twin Cities Area TI - I-35W URBAN CORRIDOR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT : BUS-METERED FREEWAY SYSTEM : FINAL REPORT PY - 1971 SP - ix, 163 p. AB - This final report presents recommendations for proceeding with the development of the Bus-Metered Freeway System in the I-35W Corridor in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area . The system involves combining a freeway surveillance and control system with a freeway express bus system. The report first gives an inventory of the transportation condition of the I-35W corridor. This is followed by descriptions of the surveillance and control system, the transit service plan, and the marketing plans. A cost benefit analysis and implementation summary are also included. KW - Bus lanes KW - Freeway management systems KW - Traffic surveillance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/682217 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00772886 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MERGING CONTROL SYSTEMS PY - 1971 SP - 11 p. AB - Describes merging control systems and their usefulness in alleviating hazardous conditions in freeway merging. The types of merging control systems described include the pacer system and the green band system. Results of their tests in 1970 are reported. KW - Merging control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/489327 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00141724 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MANUAL ON UNIFORM TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES FOR STREETS AND HIGHWAYS PY - 1971 SP - 380 p. AB - This document serves as a useful reference work for law enforcement personnel engaged in programs of traffic needs of the state law enforcement system. KW - Law enforcement KW - Manuals KW - Personnel KW - Standardization KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic regulations KW - Uniform traffic laws UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/61397 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00221985 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FATAL AND INJURY ACCIDENT RATES ON FEDERAL-AID AND OTHER HIGHWAY SYSTEMS/1970 PY - 1971 SP - 41 p. AB - THE STATISTICS IN THE REPORT ARE COMPILED FROM SUMMARIES OF FATAL AND PERSONAL INJURY ACCIDENT DATA AND EXPOSURE DATA SUBMITTED TO THE FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION BY THE STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENTS. THE REPORTS CONTAIN NUMBERS OF FATAL ACCIDENTS, INJURY ACCIDENTS, FATALITIES AND INJURIES--AND ASSOCIATED RATES--CLASSIFIED BY STATE AND HIGHWAY SYSTEM FOR RURAL AND URBAN AREAS. THESE REPORTS ARE PUBLISHED AS BASIC REFERENCE MATERIAL FOR USERS OF MOTOR-VEHICLE TRAFFIC ACCIDENT STATISTICS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Crash investigation KW - Fatalities KW - Injuries KW - Rural areas KW - Statistics KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/111747 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00204655 AU - Murphy, L M AU - Foote, L E AU - Doerr, R B AU - Minnesota Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LANDSCAPE PLANTING SPECIES SURVIVAL PY - 1971 SP - 69 p. AB - THIRTY-SIX PLANTING CONTRACTS, INSTALLED IN THE FIVE YEAR PERIOD BETWEEN 1963 AND 1967 AND LOCATED THROUGHOUT MINNESOTA ON INTERSTATE, STATE PRIMARY, AND COUNTY ROADS, ARE EVALUATED. FACTORS THAT AFFECT SURVIVAL INCLUDE: SOILS, PLANT HARDINESS, PLANTING DESIGN, GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION, DRAINAGE, CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS AND ADMINISTRATION, SLOPE EXPOSURE, COMPETITION FROM OTHER VEGETATION, AND MAINTENANCE. FACTS AND FINDINGS RESULTING FROM THIS RESEARCH STUDY WILL BE IMPLEMENTED BY THE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT AND OTHER AGENCIES IN IMPROVING FUTURE LANDSCAPE PLANTING WORK. IT WAS DETERMINED THAT THE SURVIVAL AND VIGOROUS GROWTH OF PLANT MATERIALS WERE THE RESULT OF A COMBINATION OF FACTORS, BUT THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR WAS DIRECTLY RELATED TO THE TIMING AND AMOUNT OF WATER APPLIED DURING AND FOLLOWING THE PLANTING OPERATION. WITHOUT SUFFICIENT MOISTURE DURING THE FIRST GROWING SEASON, MANY PLANTS FAILED TO BECOME ESTABLISHED. THEY EITHER DIED OR BECOME STUNTED AND DIED IN THE FOLLOWING YEARS. /FHWA/ KW - Landscape design KW - Landscape maintenance KW - Planting KW - Plants KW - Roadside improvement KW - Survival KW - Urban growth KW - Vegetation selection UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95869 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00219201 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BRIDGE INSPECTOR'S TRAINING MANUAL 70 PY - 1971 SP - 24 p. AB - THIS MANUAL PROVIDES GUIDELINES FOR THE TRAINING OF BRIDGE INSPECTORS AND INSTRUCTION FOR THE CONDUCT OF BRIDGE INSPECTIONS. CHAPTER 1 OUTLINES, IN GENERAL TERMS, THE PRIMARY DUTIES OF THE BRIDGE INSPECTOR, THE ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE TRAINING OF BRIDGE INSPECTORS, AND THE PREREQUISITE QUALIFICATIONS FOR INDIVIDUALS SELECTED FOR SUCH TRAINING. CHAPTER 2 PROVIDES A SIMPLIFIED CLASSIFICATION OF BRIDGE TYPES AND A RUDIMENTARY EXPLANATION OF SIMPLE MECHANICS. THE PLANNING OF A BRIDGE INSPECTION OPERATION AND THE USE OF AN INSPECTION FIELD BOOK ARE EXPLAINED IN CHAPTER 3. CHAPTER 4 DESCRIBES THE METHODOLOGY AND THE PROCEDURAL SEQUENCE TO BE FOLLOWED IN CONDUCTING A BRIDGE INSPECTION. CHAPTER 5 COVERS THE CHARACTERISTICS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE MAJOR CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS, AND EXPLAINS THE NATURE AND CAUSES OF FOUNDATION MOVEMENTS AND THEIR EFFECTS UPON BRIDGES. A DESCRIPTION OF TYPICAL STRUCTURAL DEFICIENCIES COMPOSES THE BULK OF THIS CHAPTER. A BRIEF DISCUSSION OF THE METHODS OF REPORTING INSPECTION RESULTS AND MAKING RECOMMENDATIONS IS CONTAINED IN CHAPTER 6. THE MANUAL ALSO CONTAINS A GLOSSARY OF COMMONLY USED BRIDGE ENGINEERING AND INSPECTION TERMS AND A SHORT BIBLIOGRAPHY. /TRRL/ KW - Bridges KW - Guidelines KW - Inspection KW - Inspectors KW - Manuals UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/106313 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00218074 AU - Hughes, P C AU - Minnesota Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A RATING SYSTEM TO DETERMINE THE NEED FOR RESURFACING PAVEMENTS PY - 1971 IS - 189 AB - A RATING SYSTEM TO BE USED AS AN AID IN DETERMINING THE NEED FOR PAVEMENT RESURFACING IS BEING DEVELOPED. THE RATING CONSISTS OF TWO PARTS, ONE A MEASURE OF TWO PARTS, ONE A MEASURE OF PAVEMENT RIDEABILITY (BY PCA ROADMETER) AND THE OTHER A MEASURE OF THE PAVEMENTS STRUCTURAL DEFICIENCIES (BY VISUAL OBSERVATION-FOR CONCRETE, SPALLED OR FAULTED JOINTS, CRACKED PANELS, OR OVERLAID PANELS, AND SCALING OF SURFACE; FOR BITUMINOUS, TRANSVERSE, LONGITUDINAL, MULTIPLE AND ALLIGATOR CRACKING, RUTTING, AND PATCHING). THE PRESENT SERVICEABILITY RATING AND THE STRUCTURAL RATING ARE AVERAGE TO GET A CONDITION RATING. /FHWA/ KW - Evaluation KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Ratings KW - Resurfacing KW - Riding qualities KW - Structural adequacy KW - Structural analysis KW - Systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108518 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226525 AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RAILROAD-HIGHWAY SAFETY, PART 1: A COMPREHENSIVE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM. REPORT TO CONGRESS PY - 1971 SP - 137 p. AB - THE GRADE CROSSING PROBLEM IS DESCRIBED. THE DIFFICULT QUESTIONS OF FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, DIVIDED JURISDICTION, HIGH COST OF IMPROVEMENT, LEGAL LIABILITY, AND LIMITED SOURCES OF FUNDING HAVD HAD A MAJOR IMPACT ON THE ABILITY TO ACHIEVE NEW BREAKTHROUGHS IN SOLVING THE GRADE CROSSING PROBLEM. ASPECTS DESCRIBED INCLUDE THE DRIVER'S ROLE, WARNING SYSTEMS, VISIBILITY OF TRAINS, AND PEDESTRIAN PROTECTION. SOME STATISTICS ON GRADE CROSSING ACCIDENTS ARE INCLUDED. KW - Crashes KW - Financial responsibility KW - Legal responsibility KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Safety KW - Signals KW - Visibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112928 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00208025 AU - Karrh, J B AU - Alabama State Highway Department AU - University of Alabama, University AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF TRAFFIC INDUCED VIBRATIONS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE DECKS OF CONCRETE HIGHWAY BRIDGES PY - 1971 AB - THE PURPOSE WAS TO DETERMINE IF THERE WAS ANY CORRELATION BETWEEN (1) THE DECK DETERIORATION OF CERTAIN BRIDGES THAT ARE EXTREMELY SENSITIVE TO VIBRATIONS AND (2) THE VIBRATIONS THAT ARE INDUCED BY HEAVY TRUCKS. VIBRATION-INDUCED STRESSES ON THE DECKS OF SELECTED SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS SPAN STEEL GIRDER BRIDGES WERE MEASURED, ANALYZED, AND RELATED TO DESIGN FEATURES. /FHWA/ KW - Axle loads KW - Bridge decks KW - Concrete KW - Design KW - Design features KW - Deterioration KW - Girder bridges KW - Stresses KW - Truck pavement damage KW - Trucks KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/102879 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00205949 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Carey, William N AU - Pister, Karl S AU - McCullough, B F AU - Finn, Fred N AU - Westmann, Russell A AU - Nair, Keshavan AU - Moavenzadeh, Fred AU - Hudson, W Ronald AU - Deacon, John A AU - Sherman, George B TI - STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENT SYSTEMS (PROCEEDINGS OF WORKSHOP 7--10 DECEMBER 1970, AUSTIN, TEX.) PY - 1971 IS - 126 SP - 207p AB - THE BOOK CONSISTS OF REPORTS OF NINE PROBLEM-ORIENTED DISCUSSION GROUPS, A SUMMARY DISCUSSION OF RESEARCH NEEDS IDENTIFIED BY PARTICIPANTS OF THE WORKSHOP, AND STATE OF THE ART REPORTS. THERE ARE ALSO BRIEF REPORTS ON THE IMPLICATINS OF THE WORKSHOP FOR FHWA AND THREE HRB COMMITTEES. THE TOPICS ADDRESSED BY THE DISCUSSION GROUPS WERE MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION, SOLUTIONS TO BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS, DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS, LOAD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES, TRAFFIC-INDUCED FRACTURE, OTHER FRACTURE, TRAFFIC- INDUCED PERMANENT DEFORMATION, OTHER PERMANENT DEFORMATION, AND THE RELATION OF DISTRESS TO PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE. STATE OF THE ART REPORTS WERE PRESENTED ON RESEARCH FOR STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF ASPHALTIC CONCRETE PAVEMENT SYSTEMS, GENERAL DISTRESS MECHANISMS, DISTRESS IN FULL-SCALE PAVEMENTS, FUNDAMENTALS OF MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION, SOLUTIONS AND SOLUTION TECHNIQUES FOR BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS, DAMAGAE AND DISTRESS IN HIGHWAY PAVEMENTS, SERVICEABILITY PERFORMANCE AND DESIGN CONSIDERATION, EXPERIMENTS IN MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION, AND IN SITU MATERIALS VARIABILITY. U1 - Workshop on Structural Design of Asphalt Concrete Pavement SystemsFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationUniversity of Texas. College of EngineeringAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:19701207 EndDate:19701210 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, University of Texas. College of Engineering KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement layers KW - Pavement structure UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/97758 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00225003 AU - Shepard, F D AU - Virginia Highway Research Council AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Virginia Department of Highways TI - HIGHWAY SIGNING FOR SAFETY PY - 1971 AB - SIGNING THAT EFFECTIVELY WARNS THE MOTORIST OF TEMPORARY OBSTRUCTIONS ON OR NEAR A ROADWAY IS ESSENTIAL TO TRAFFIC SAFETY. THE GENERAL OBJECTIVE WAS TO BECOME FAMILIAR WITH AND INVESTIGATE THE SUITABILITY OF VARIOUS TEMPORARY MAINTENANCE SIGNING CONDITIONS, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION BEING GIVEN TO CERTAIN SIGN COMBINATIONS AND MESSAGES, TYPES OF WARNING DEVICES, AND A NEW ELECTRONIC SIGN PANEL FOR ALERTING AND DIRECTING TRAFFIC. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE VARIOUS SIGNING CONDITIONS TESTED WAS BASED ON OBSERVED WEAVING MANEUVERS AND SPEEDS OF VEHICLES THROUGHOUT THE AREA, WHICH WAS LOCATED ON A 6-LANE RURAL INTERSTATE HIGHWAY. THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS WILL REDUCE THE ACCIDENT POTENTIAL IN THE OPERATIONS CITED FOR DIVIDED, LIMITED ACCESS HIGHWAYS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Electronics KW - Signs KW - Speed KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic signs KW - Warning signs KW - Weaving traffic UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37000/37037/70-R54.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/114852 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206453 AU - Dancey, W H AU - Maine, R E AU - Virginia Highway Research Council AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Virginia Department of Highways TI - A DIGITAL DATA RECORDING SYSTEM DEVELOPED FOR USE WITH THE VIRGINIA MODEL 2 SKID RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT VEHICLE PY - 1971 AB - THE VIRGINIA MODEL 2 SKID RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT VEHICLE THAT WAS DEVELOPED IN 1967 COULD PRODUCE A LARGE AMOUNT OF DATA IN A SHORT TIME. AVAILABLE PERSONNEL WERE ALMOST OVERWHELMED BY THE TASK OF MANUALLY READING AND INTERPRETING THE INDIVIDUAL MEASUREMENTS. A DIGITAL DATA RECORDING SYSTEM WAS DESIGNED, FABRICATED AND INSTALLED IN THE MODEL 2 VEHICLE TO ELIMINATE MOST OF THE MANUAL EFFORT. THIS REPORT IS DEVOTED TO A LIMITED DISCUSSION OF THE COMPLETE DIGITAL DATA HANDLING SYSTEM, TO PARAMETERS THAT WERE CONSIDERED IN DESIGNING THE PART OF THE SYSTEM WHICH IS MOUNTED IN THE MODEL 2 VEHICLE, TO THE FABRICATION OF COMPONENTS AND TO A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEMS OPERATION. /AUTHOR/ KW - Digital computers KW - Digital systems KW - Information processing KW - Skid resistance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/100351 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00212107 AU - Ozol, M A AU - Newlon, H H AU - Virginia Highway Research Council AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Virginia Department of Highways TI - AN EXAMPLE OF BRIDGE DETERIORATION PROMOTED BY ALKALI- CARBONATE REACTION PY - 1971 AB - FIFTEEN INTERSTATE BRIDGES IN VIRGINIA WERE CONSTRUCTED AT THE SAME TIME IN THE SAME LOCALITY WITH THE SAME MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING DESIGN EXCEPT FOR DIFFERENCES IN THE LITHOLOGIES OF THE COARSE AGGREGATE. IN NINE OF THE STRUCTURES AN ARGILLACEOUS DOLOMITIC LIMESTONE WAS USED; IN SIX A CRYSTALLINE DOLOMITE. BOTH AGGREGATES MEET ABRASION AND SOUNDNESS SPECIFICATIONS. THE LIMESTONE HAS A ROCK PRISM EXPANSION IN ALKALINE SOLUTION OF 1% AT SIX MONTHS, THE DOLOMITE UNDER THE SAME CONDITIONS SHOWS 0% EXPANSION. RECENT SURVEYS OF THE 15 BRIDGES, OPENED TO TRAFFIC IN JULY 1960, SHOW 90 % OF THE SLABS OF THE SIX CONTAINING DOLOMITE FREE OF PATTERN CRACKING AND SCALING, BUT ONLY 15% OF THE SLABS OF THE NINE LIMESTONE CONTAINING BRIDGES FREE OF THESE DEFECTS. THE 15 STRUCTURES HAVE THE SAME EXPOSURE AND MAINTENANCE HISTORY AND THERE ARE NO DIFFERENCES IN THE AIR VOID SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HARDENED CONCRETE WHICH COULD EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCES IN PATTERN CRACKING AND SCALING FREQUENCY. THE CONCLUSIONS WERE: (1) THE DIFFERENCES IN THE APPEARANCES AND PERFORMANCES OF THE CONCRETES IN THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN PROJECTS ARE DUE TO THE DIFFERENCE IN THE COARSE AGGREGATES USED - SINCE ALL OTHER FACTORS ARE THE SAME, (2) SCALING BLOCK TESTS WERE USED TO SIMULATE OR REPRODUCE THE DISTRESS AS SEEN IN THE FIELD; RESULTS FROM THESE TESTS SUGGEST THAT THE INCREASING DISTRESS COULD BE RELATED TO THE INCREASING ALKALI CONTENT OF THE CEMENT, AND (3) FURTHER, RESULTS FROM FREEZING AND THAWING TESTS (WITH VARYING DILUTION OF REACTIVE STONE VS. ALKALI CONTENT) CONFIRMED THAT ALKALI-CARBONATE REACTIVITY, DUE TO INCREASING ALKALI CONTENT, IS A STRONGER DETERMINANT OF PERFORMANCE THAN WHATEVER FREEZE-THAW SENSITIVITY THE STONE MAY HAVE. /AUTHOR/ KW - Alkali aggregate reactions KW - Coarse aggregates KW - Concrete bridges KW - Deterioration KW - Dolomite KW - Expansion KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Freeze thaw tests KW - Limestone KW - Scaling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/98501 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00210464 AU - Runkle, S N AU - Hughes, C S AU - Virginia Highway Research Council AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Virginia Department of Highways TI - REVIEW OF A BITUMINOUS CONCRETE STATISTICAL SPECIFICATION PY - 1971 AB - THE STATISTICALLY ORIENTED SPECIFICATION FOR BITUMINOUS CONCRETE PRODUCTION WAS USED AS A BASIS FOR ACCEPTANCE OF MORE THAN ONE MILLION TONS OF BITUMINOUS CONCRETE IN 1970. DATA OBTAINED FROM THIS SYSTEM WERE ANALYZED FOR GRADTION AND ASPHALT CONTENT FOR SUCH COMPARISONS AS HOW WELL THE PRODUCTION AVERAGE MATCHED THE STATED JOB MIX FORMULA; HOW WELL THE VARIABILITY OF LOT MEANS MATCHED THE VARIABILITY MEASURE THE LIMITS WERE BASED ON; AND HOW WELL THE RANGE METHOD OF PREDICTING THE STANDARD DEVIATION MATCHED THE ACTUAL STANDARD DEVIATION. IT WAS FOUND THAT THE 1970 BITUMINOUS CONCRETE PRODUCTION WAS CONSISTENT WITH THAT OF 1967, ON WHICH THE SPECIFICATION WAS BASED; THAT THE RANGE METHOD CAN PREDICT STANDARD DEVIATIONS ACCURATELY AND CAN BE USED ON A LOT BY LOT BASIS; AND THAT, ALTHOUGH THE PRESENT TOLERANCES ARE WORKING WELL, THERE ARE SOME AREAS WHERE IMPROVEMENTS ARE POSSIBLE. /AUTHOR/ KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Asphalt content KW - Gradation KW - Performance based specifications KW - Specifications KW - Standard deviation KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/97815 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00212108 AU - Newlon, H H AU - Virginia Highway Research Council AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Virginia Department of Highways TI - PART V-ASTM COOPERATIVE TESTING PROGRAM WITH ADDITIONAL EMPHASIS ON THE INFLUENCE OF CONTAINER & STORAGE CHARACTERISTICS PY - 1971 AB - INFORMATION FROM TWO STUDIES IS SUMMARIZED; ONE A STATE-SUPPORTED STUDY ON HOT AND BOILING WATER CURING METHODS; AND THE OTHER THE SUBJECT HPR STUDY ON AUTOGENOUS CURING. EACH OF THE FOUR ACCELERATED PROCEDURES IS CAPABLE OF PREDICTING STRENGTHS AT LATE AGES WITH ACCURACY EQUIVALENT TO THAT CURRENTLY ACHIEVED WITH STANDARD MOIST CURING, AND THE VARIABILITY OF TEST RESULTS FROM ACCELERATED TESTS IS OF THE SAME ORDER AS THAT FROM CONVENTIONAL PROCEDURES. EACH OF THE FOUR METHODS EVALUATED HAS ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES, AND THE SELECTION OF THE ONE TO BE USED IS PRIMARILY A MATTER OF CONVENICENCE, ECONOMY, AND SUITABILITY FOR THE SPECIFIC APPLICATION. FOR HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT JOBS, THE AUTOGENOUS CURING METHOD WAS JUDGED TO BE THE MOST PRACTICAL, AND IT WAS RECOMMENDED THAT THIS PROCEDURE BE GIVEN FIELD TRIALS WITHIN THE VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS. /FHWA/ KW - Concrete curing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/98503 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00210465 AU - Elliott, R P AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Illinois Department of Transportation TI - THICKNESS DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR BITUMINOUS RESURFACING OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1971 AB - THE PERFORMANCES OF 89 RESURFACED PCC PAVEMENTS WERE ANALYZED RELATIVE TO THE PERFORMANCE EXPECTED FROM NEW RIGID AND FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS. THE ANALYSIS HAS LED TO A RESURFACING DESIGN PROCEDURE BASED ON A MODIFICATION OF THE CURRENTLY USED ILLINOIS RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN PROCEDURE. THIS NEW PROCEDURE ALLOWS THE DESIGNER TO EVALUATE THE ANTICIPATED FUTURE TRAFFIC, THE EXISTING SUBGRADE SUPPORT, AND THE THICKNESS OF THE EXISTING PAVEMENT COMPONENTS TO SELECT THE REQUIRED RESURFACING THICKNESS. IN ADDITION, A MAXIMUM REALISTIC DESIGN LIFE OF 15 YEARS WAS ESTABLISHED FROM AN ANALYSIS OF THE ACTUAL SERVICE LIVES OF 64 RESURFACED PAVEMENTS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Bituminous materials KW - Pavement design KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Resurfacing KW - Rigid pavements KW - Service life KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Thickness KW - Thickness design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/97817 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206443 AU - Vaswani, N K AU - Virginia Highway Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A METHOD FOR EVALUATING PAVEMENTS AND/OR THEIR SUBGRADES PY - 1971 AB - DEFLECTION MEASUREMENT CAUSED BY A WHEEL LOAD IS ONE OF THE BEST AVAILABLE MEANS TO EVALUATE THE STRUCTURAL STRENGTH OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS. HOWEVER, IT HAS BEEN DIFFICULT TO DETERMINE WHETHER INCREASES OR DECREASES IN DEFLECTION ARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE PAVEMENT STRUCTURE OVERLYING THE SUBGRADE OR TO THE SUBGRADE ITSELF. A PROCEDURE, BASED LARGELY ON THEORY IS DEVELOPED FOR ESTIMATING THE SUBGRADE AND/OR PAVEMENT STRUCTURE STRENGTH FROM MEASUREMENTS OF THE MAXIMUM DEFLECTION PLUS FOUR ADDITIONAL DEFLECTION MEASUREMENTS WITHIN THE DEFLECTED BASIN BY THE DYNAFLECT. /FHWA/ KW - Deflection KW - Evaluation KW - Flexible pavements KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Strength of materials KW - Structural analysis KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Wheel loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/100291 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240023 AU - Isaacson, L AU - Peterson, B L AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PARK AND RECREATIONAL FACILITIES; THEIR CONSIDERATION AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR INFLUENCING THE LOCATION AND DEISGN OF A HIGHWAY PY - 1971 AB - A FRAMEWORK IS PROVIDED FOR CONSIDERATION OF THE CONFLICTS THAT MAY SURFACE WHEN HIGHWAYS AND PARKS ARE ANALYZED FOR COMPATIBILITY (ENVIRONMENTAL INPACT) OF ONE UPON THE OTHER. THE FOLLOWING AREAS OF CONCERN ARE HIGHLIGHTED: THE INVENTORY DATA REQUIRED FOR A MORE OBJECTIVE CONSIDERATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; THE GENERALLY ACCEPTED MAJOR CLASSIFICATION OF PARKS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS (PRESENT, DISIGNED OR PROPOSED); AND SUGGESTED DESIGN CRITERIA FOR EACH CLASSIFICATION THAT NEEDS TO BE CONSIDERED. THE UNDERLYING HYPOTHESIS MAINTAINS THAT THE DETERMINATION OF THE INVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF A HIGHWAY UPON A PARK, OPEN SPACE OR OTHER RECREATIONAL VALUE, CANNOT BE MADE WITHOUT ADEQUATE KNOWLEDGE OF THE FUNCTION AND USE OF THE SPECIFIC AREA. /AUTHOR/ KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highway design KW - Highway location KW - Highways KW - Location KW - Parks KW - Recreational facilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131396 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00215947 AU - Worley, H E AU - Kansas State Highway Commission AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CORROSION OF CORRUGATED METAL PIPE PY - 1971 AB - A TOTAL OF 810 GALVANIZED STEEL PIPES FROM 7 TO 43 YEARS OLD AND 260 ALUMINUM PIPES FROM 4 TO 7 YEARS OLD WERE INSPECTED. USUALLY GALVANIZED CORRUGATED STEEL PIPES MAY BE EXPECTED TO SERVE 40 TO 50 YEARS OR LONGER UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS IN KANSAS. MOST OF THE SERIOUS CORROSION IN KANSAS OCCURS IN THE VICINITY OF EXTENSIVE COAL MINES, WHICH ARE USUALLY OPERATED BY STRIPPING. IN THESE RELATIVELY SMALL AREAS METAL PIPES SHOULD NOT BE INSTALLED. RESISTIVITY VALUES WERE MOSTLY BETWEEN 700 AND 2300; PH VALUES WERE NEARLY ALL BETWEEN 5.7 AND 8.5. WITHIN THESE NARROW RANGES PH AND RESISTIVITY DID NOT ACCURATELY PREDICT THE LIFE OF GALVANIZED STEEL PIPES, MANY OF WHICH HAD BEEN IN SERVICE CONSIDERABLY LONGER THAN THE PREDICTED LIFE AND YET WERE IN GOOD CONDITION. THEREFORE EVALUATION BY A METHOD SIMILAR TO THE CALIFORNIA CHART IS NOT SUITABLE IN KANSAS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Aluminum KW - Corrosion KW - Corrugated metal culverts KW - Electrical resistivity KW - Galvanizing KW - pH value KW - Resistivity KW - Steel pipe UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108058 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00211605 AU - Runkle, S N AU - Mahone, D C AU - Virginia Highway Research Council AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STUDY OF BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENTS IN VIRGINIA: ANALYSIS OF FACTORS THAT SIGNIFICANTLY INFLUENCE THE QUALITY OF BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENTS PY - 1970/12 SP - 27 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to define those variables which significantly influence the quality of surface treatments in Virginia and to determine the acceptable limits for them. Of the many variables included, air temperature, surface temperature, average vehicles daily, and age at the time of evaluation seem to most significantly affect the performance of a surface treatment. Three of these variables, air temperature, surface temperature, and AVD, are controllable and one, age, is not controllable. Based on the information obtained in this study it appears that the lower limit for air temperature should be 70 deg F and the upper limit for AVD should be approximately 400, assuming procedures for surface treatment work remain the same as encountered in this project. It was found that air and surface temperatures correlate well, and it is only necessary to control one. (Author) KW - Age KW - Air KW - Average daily traffic KW - Bituminous materials KW - Bituminous surface treatments KW - Control KW - Percent KW - Performance KW - Physical distribution KW - Surface temperature KW - Surface treating KW - Temperature UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36300/36329/70-R25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94491 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00210487 AU - Monismith, C L AU - Epps, J A AU - Kasianchuk, D A AU - McLean, D B AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ASPHALT MIXTURE BEHAVIOR IN REPEATED FLEXURE PY - 1970/12 SP - 303 p. AB - CONSIDERABLE INFORMATION HAS BEEN DEVELOPED ON THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE FATIGUE RESPONSE OF MIXTURES REPRESENTATIVE OF THE TYPE USED IN CALIFORNIA AND AN ATTEMPT HAS BEEN MADE TO SUMMARIZE THESE RESULTS INTO A FORM USABLE FOR DESIGN PURPOSES. THE INVESTIGATION HAS ALSO BEEN CONCERNED WITH THE DEFINITION OF A SUBSYSTEM TO CONSIDER THE FATIGUE MODE OF DISTRESS IN THE STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF NEW PAVEMENTS AND IN THE ANALYSIS OF EXISTING PAVEMENTS. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THIS SUBSYSTEM HAVE BEEN SUMMARIZED AND THE MOST RECENT DEVELOPMENTS REQUIRED TO USE THE SUBSYSTEM HAVE BEEN INCLUDED TO MAKE THE PROCESS AS REALISTIC AND REASONABLE FOR ENGINEERING USE AS PRACTICABLE. FINALLY, IN ORDER THAT CONSIDERATIONS OF FATIGUE MAY EVENTUALLY BE INCORPORATED IN ASPHALT MIXTURE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS, A BRIEF DISCUSSION IS INCLUDED OF ALTERNATIVE WAYS IN WHICH FATIGUE RESPONSE MIGHT BE CONTROLLED OR DEFINED THROUGH A DIRECT TENSION TEST, A TEST WHICH IS MUCH LESS TIME CONSUMING AND SIMPLER TO PERFORM THAN CONVENTIONAL FATIGUE TESTS. /FHWA/ KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Direct tension tests KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Mix design KW - Pavement design KW - Tension tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94444 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00208072 AU - Chen, Y L AU - Van, HORN DA AU - Lehigh University AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation TI - STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR OF A PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BOX-BEAM BRIDGE-HAZLETON BRIDGE PY - 1970/12 SP - 125 p. AB - THIS REPORT DESCRIBED THE FIELD TESTING OF AN IN- SERVICE BEAM-SLAB HIGHWAY BRIDGE SUPERSTRUCTURE, CONSISTING BASICALLY OF (1) FIVE LONGITUDINAL PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BOX BEAMS, SPREAD APART AS IN TYPICAL I-BEAM CONSTRUCTION, (2) CAST-IN-PLACE SLAB, CURB, AND PARAPET SECTIONS, AND (3) END AND MIDSPAN EXTERIOR DIAPHRAGMS. A TEST VEHICLE, CLOSELY SIMULATING AN AASHO HS 20-44 DESIGN VEHICLE, WAS USED. THE PRINCIPAL OBJECTIVES WERE TO EXPERIMENTALLY INVESTIGATE THE STRUCTURAL RESPONSE OF THE SUPERSTRUCTURE (1) TO THE TEST VEHICLE TRAVELING AT CONSTANT SPEEDS, IN THE RANGE 2 - 60 MPH, AND (2) TO AN IMPACT TEST IN WHICH THE TEST VEHICLE PASSED OVER A RAMP, TWO INCHES IN HEIGHT, AT A SPEED OF 10 MPH, AND (3) TO PROVIDE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON THE LATERAL DISTRIBUTION OF STATIC VEHICLE LOADING. FROM THE SPEED RUNS OF THE TEST VEHICLE, IT WAS FOUND THAT THERE WAS A SIGNIFICANT VARIATION IN THE DYNAMIC LOAD FACTORS. THE IMPACT TESTS REVEALED CONSIDERABLE AMPLIFICATION OF STATIC LOAD EFFECTS. THE LATERAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE TEST VEHICLE LOAD WAS MORE UNIFORM IN THE SPEED AND IMPACT RUNS THAN IN THE CRAWL RUNS. /FHWA/ KW - Box beams KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Cast in place structures KW - Diaphragms KW - Diaphragms (Engineering) KW - Dynamic loads KW - Highway bridges KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Static loads KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural behavior KW - Structural mechanics KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96766 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00212121 AU - Jones, H J AU - Furr, H L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT LENGTH OF STRANDS IN PRESTRESSED PANEL SUBDECKS PY - 1970/12 AB - THE RESULTS OF FIELD AND LABORATORY STUDIES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PANELS, WHICH HAVE BEEN PROPOSED FOR USE AS A NEW METHOD OF HIGHWAY BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION, ARE DESCRIBED. TWENTY PANELS, UTILIZING TWO DIFFERENT STRAND SIZES, CONCRETE TYPES AND PANEL LENGTHS WERE CONSIDERED. STUDY OBJECTIVES INCLUDED THE DETERMINATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT LENGTH OF THE PRESTRESSING STRANDS SHORTLY AFTER FABRICATION AND THE EFFECT OF CYCLIC LOADING ON THIS DEVELOPMENT LENGTH. CHANGES IN PANEL STIFFNESS AS A RESULT OF FATIGUE LOADING WERE ALSO MONITORED. TEST RESULTS SHOWED THAT AN AVERAGE OF 22 IN. OF DEVELOPMENT LENGTH WAS REQUIRED FOR 3/8 IN. DIAMETER, 7-WIRE STRANDS PRETENSIONED WITH A FORCE OF 13.75 KIPS. AN AVERAGE DEVELOPMENT LENGTH OF 34 IN. WAS REQUIRED FOR 1/2 IN. DIAMETER STRANDS PRETENSIONED WITH A FORCE OF 27.50 KIPS. CYCLIC LOADING WAS FOUND TO HAVE NEGLIGIBLE EFFECT ON STRAND DEVELOPMENT LENGTH OR ON PANEL STIFFNESS. KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge substructures KW - Bridges KW - Highway bridges KW - Length KW - Loading KW - Loads KW - Panels KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Prestressed sub-deck panels KW - Prestressing KW - Strands KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/98518 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00204648 AU - Mccully, W AU - Bowmer, W AU - Stubbendieck, J AU - Texas Transportation Institute TI - PROBLEMS IN ESTABLISHING OR MAINTAINING VEGETATION ON ROADSIDES PY - 1970/12 AB - TESTS WERE INSTALLED DURING 1968-70 TO INVESTIGATE THE MODIFICATION OF ROADSIDE SOIL MATERIALS RESTRICTED BY PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS LIMITING PLANT GROWTH, TO DETERMINE THE UTILITY OF PLANT MATERIALS FOR ROADSIDE USE, AND TO DEVELOP CHEMICAL TREATMENTS FOR CONTROLLING UNWANTED VEGETATION. A PLASTICITY INDEX (PI) VALUE GREATER THAN 16 SIGNIFIES A POOR TENDECNY TOWARD GRANULATION AND OTHER PROPERTIES DESIRABLE IN A PLANT GROWT MEDIUM. THIS PHYSICAL CONDITION CAN BE MODIFIED IN SOME, BUT NOT ALL, CASES BY ADMIXING AGRICULTURAL GYPSUM, CERTAIN CATIONIC POLYMERS AND POLYURETHANE. SEDIMENTS CONTAINED IN MATERIALS FROM THE WECHES AND QUEEN CITY FORMATIONS MAY SHOW PH AS LOW AS 1.8. THIS EXTREME ACIDITY CAN BE NEUTRALIZED BY LIME APPLICATIONS AS HIGH AS 50 TONS PER ACRE, BASED ON POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATION, TO ESTABLISH A VEGETATIVE COVER. MAINTENANCE SURFACE LIME APPLICATIONS, BEGINNING 3 YEARS AFTER INITIAL TREATMENT, WILL BE REQUIRED TO RETAIN THE SOD COVER. SEEDINGS IN TEXAS FOR EROSION CONTROL CAN BE EXTENDED TO THE 15-INCH ISOHYET PROVIDED THE SOIL MATERIAL IS SANDY, NOT EXTREMELY SALINE, AND COMPETITIVE PLANTS ARE CONTROLLED. BUFFALOGRASS, AT THIS TIME, SHOULD BE SEEDED IN A MIXTURE OF OTHER MATERIALS ADAPTED TO NORTHWESTERN TEXAS, RATHER THAN ALONE. PERENNIAL WEEDS GROWING IN SHOULDER PAVEMENTS WERE CONTROLLED BY PROGRAM SPRAYS OF FENAC-DICAMBA COMBINED WITH EITHER PROMETONE OR BROMANIL. MOWING ADJACENT TO MEDIAN PLANTINGS MAY BE FACILITATED BY A COMBINATION CONTACT- PRE-EMERGENCE TREATMENT. KW - Chemical treatments KW - Chemicals KW - Control KW - Erosion control KW - Plants KW - Plasticity index KW - Roadside KW - Soil stabilization KW - Soils KW - Vegetation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/99201 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00218848 AU - Madrzak, R C AU - Peterson, H A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REPAIR AND STABILIZATION OF SEVERELY ERODED SANDSTONE PY - 1970/12 AB - A SEVERELY ERODED SANDSTONE SLOPE WAS REPAIRED AND STABILIZED IN AN EFFORT TO CHECK THE CONTINUING RAPID DETERIORATION AND THE POSSIBILITY OF FALLING ROCK FROM THE RESULTING OVERHANG. THE AESTHETICS OF THE AREA HAVE IMPROVED CONSIDERABLY. THE REPAIRED AREA BLENDS IN WITH THE NATURAL FACE OF THE ROCK AND IS UNNOTICED BY MOST DRIVERS. KW - Erosion KW - Erosion control KW - Sandstones KW - Slope stability KW - Slopes KW - Soil stabilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108632 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00218847 AU - Clougherty, J L AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FOR THE BIRDS PY - 1970/12 AB - ABOUT 200,000 STARLINGS ROOST EVERY NIGHT ON THE TRUSS MEMBERS ON THE UNDERSIDE OF THE FORE RIVER BRIDGE IN QUINCY, MASS., CAUSING THREE MAIN PROBLEMS. THE CORROSIVE EFFECT OF THEIR DROPPINGS MAKES IT IMPOSSIBLE TO KEEP A PROTECTIVE COAT OF PAINT ON THE STEEL TRUSS MEMBERS; THE BIRDS HARRASS BRIDGE MAINTENANCE MEN; AND THE DROPPINGS, IF ALLOWED TO ACCUMULATE, COULD PRESENT A SERIOUS HEALTH HAZARD. THE BIRDS WERE NOT POISONED BECAUSE OF THE DANGER THAT PET CATS AND DOGS WOULD EAT THEIR BODIES. OTHER METHODS WERE TRIED WITHOUT SUCCESS, INCLUDING DROPPING NETS FROM THE BRIDGE RAILINGS TO PREVENT THE BIRDS FROM NESTING. UNFORTUNATELY, THE NETS WERE DROPPED AT NIGHT, TRAPPING THE BIRDS UNTIL THEY FOUGHT THEIR WAY OUT. THE TORN NETS WERE REMOVED, AND THE BIRDS RETURNED. KW - Birds KW - Bridges KW - Maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108631 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00219445 AU - Fortune, C L AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REPAVER PY - 1970/12 AB - A 3.93 MILE SECTION OF 4-LANE U.S. 64 WAS REPAVED TO CORRECT THE SLICK SURFACE WHICH RESULTED FROM EXCESS ASPHALT. THE EXISTING PAVEMENT ALSO HAD MINOR CRACKING AND CORDUROY. THE PROCESS OF REPAVING, USING A MACHINE MANUFACTRED BY THE CUTLER REPAVING COMPANY, CONSISTS ESSENTIALLY OF SIX STEPS ALL PERFORMED AS AN IN-LINE OPERATION WITH ONE PASS OF THE MACHINE: (1) HEATING EXISTING PAVEMENT; (2) SCARIFYING THE PAVEMENT SURFACE; (3) REPROCESSING THE OLD MIX, (4) RELAYING AND LEVELLING THE REPROCESSED MATERIAL, (5) OVERLAYING THE NEW HOT-MIX MATERIAL; AND (6) COMPACTING THE REPAVED SURFACE. AVERAGE PRODUCTION WAS NEAR 5000 SQ. YDS. PER DAY AT A COST OF $76.74 PER SQUARE YARD. ALTHOUGH THIS IS SOMEWHAT HIGHER THAN THE AVERAGE COST OF 0. 60 PER SQUARE YARD FOR CONVENTIONAL OVERLAYS, THE EFFECTIVE OVERLAY GAINED BY SCARIFYING AND REPROCESSING MORE THAN COMPENSATES FOR THE ADDITIONAL COST. KW - Costs KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Pavements KW - Pavers KW - Rehabilitation KW - Resurfacing KW - Slipperiness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108712 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00218849 AU - Kelly, M F AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONCRETE OVERLAYS FOR BRIDGE DECK REPAIRS PY - 1970/12 AB - THE FEASIBILITY OF USING A THIN OVERLAY OF CONCRETE TO REPAIR DETERIORATING CONCRETE BRIDGE DECKS WAS TESTED BY PLACING 1 1/2 INCHES OF CONCRETE OVERLAY ON THE EXISTING SURFACE OF A TEST BRIDGE. LABORATORY RESEARCH WAS CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE (1) THE REQUIREMENTS OF A BONDING AGENT, (2) THE EFFECT OF CYCLIC LOADING ON THE ENDURANCE OF THE BEAM, (3) THE MIX PROPORTIONS OF PORTLAND CEMENT AND OTHER MATERIALS THAT WOULD BE MOST EFFICIENT AS AN OVERLAY MATERIAL, AND (4) A METHOD OF REINFORCING THE OVERLAY, WHEN NEEDED. A CEMENT GROUT CONSISTING OF ONE PART CEMENT, 3/4 PART SAND, AND 1/2 PART WATER WAS RECOMMENDED AS THE BONDING AGENT. CYCLIC LOADING TESTS DID NOT RESULT IN BOND FAILURE OF THE CONCRETE OVERLAYS. THE FOLLOWING CONCRETE MIX WAS RECOMMENDED FOR ONE CUBIC YARD OF CONCRETE: GRAVEL, 1846 POUNDS; SAND, 1143 POUNDS; CEMENT, 664 POUNDS; WATER, 285 POUNDS; AND AIR, 6%. A 1/4 INCH WELDED WIRE MESH WAS RECOMMENDED TO REINFORCE THE CONCRETE OVERLAY, BUT WAS ELMININATED IN THE TEST OVERLAY. KW - Bond strength (Materials) KW - Bonding KW - Bridge decks KW - Cement KW - Cement grouts KW - Concrete KW - Deteriorated concrete KW - Deterioration KW - Loading KW - Loads KW - Maintenance KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Repairing KW - Repairs KW - Repeated loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108633 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00218850 AU - Heiden, D AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RECONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES USING STATE MAINTENANCE FORCES PY - 1970/12 AB - FIVE RELIEF BRIDGES WERE CONSTRUCTED OVER THE TOMBIGEE RIVER FLOOD PLAIN NEAR BOLIGEE, ALABAMA. STATE MAINTENANCE FORCES ARE BEING UTLIZED TO ERECT NEW STEEL PILE BENTS AND TO WIDEN THE EXISTING CONCRETE DECK ON NEARLY ONE MILE OF BRIDGES. WHILE THE APPROACHES ARE 24 FEET WIDE, THE BRIDGES ARE ONLY 20 FEET WIDE, CAUSING EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS AS VEHICLES CROSS THEM AT 65 MPH. THE STRUCTURAL ADEQUACY OF THE BRIDGES WAS IN DOUBT. SETTLEMENT AND SHIFTING OF SEVERAL BENTS HAD CAUSED A "GALLOPING" DECK CONDITION WHICH SUBSEQUENTLY IMPARTED SEVERE IMPACT LOADING UNDER HEAVY TRUCK TRAFFIC. THE PROPOSED RECONSTRUCTION PLAN WAS TO WIDEN THE ROADWAY AND INCREASE THE STRUCTURAL STRENGTH OF EACH BRIDGE. THE TIMBER BENTS WERE REPLACED BY STEEL PILE BENTS ERECTED ON 18 FOOT CENTERS, RESULTING IN A THREE-SPAN CONTINUOUS STRUCTURE. ADDITIONAL EXTERIOR STEEL GIRDERS WERE ERECTED TO FACILITATE FOUR FOOT WIDENING OF EACH STRUCTURE, AND THE ULTIMATE DESIGN APPROACHED H-20 DESIGN LOAD CAPACITY. KW - Bents KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridge substructures KW - Bridges KW - Concrete KW - Maintenance KW - Piles (Supports) KW - Reconstruction KW - Steel KW - Steel piling KW - Structural adequacy KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108634 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00218846 AU - Ruby, R B AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MAINTENANCE OF HIGH MOUNT ILLUMINATION SYSTEMS PY - 1970/12 AB - AN ELECTRICAL-MECHANICAL SERVICE CAR WAS USED TO TRANSPORT PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENT FROM THE GROUND TO THE TOP OF THE HIGH MOUNT LIGHT POLE OR TO ANY INTERMEDIATED POINT. THE POWER SYSTEM CONSISTS OF A 110-VOLT ELECTRIC MOTOR WITH AN ATTACHED TRANSFORMER TO OBTAIN POWER FROM THE 480-VOLT BALLAST BOX LOACTED AT THE BASE OF EACH POLE. POWER IS CONDUCTED THROUGH A 120-FOOT ELECTRIC CORD CONNECTED FROM THE TRANSFORMER TO AN OUTLET ON THE EXTERIOR OF THE BALLAST BOX. THE ELECTRIC MOTOR IS LOCATED DIRECTLY BENEATH THE PLATFORM AND IS CONNECTED TO A SELF-LEVELING 8-INCH DIAMETER WINCH, WHICH CLIMBS A 3/8-INCH STAINLESS STEEL WIRE CABLE, PERMANENTLY ATTACHED TO THE TOP OF EACH POLE BY A WELDED STEEL HANGER. WHEN NOT IN USE THIS CABLE IS WOUND AROUND THE POLE AND PADLOCKED NEAR THE BASE. THE CAR MAY BE RAISED, LOWERED, OR STOPPED BY THE CONTROL SWITCH LOCATED ON THE CAR. WHEN SERVICING IS REQUIRED, THE SERVICE CAR IS TRANSPORTED TO THE INTERCHANGE BY A MAINTENANCE TRUCK, THE ELECTRICAL CORD IS CONNECTED TO THE BALLAST BOX, AND THE WIRE CABLE IS UNWRAPPED FROM THE POLE AND ATTACHED THROUGH THE CAR FRAME TO THE WINCH LOCATED BELOW THE PLATFORM. KW - Electrical equipment KW - Luminaires KW - Machinery KW - Maintenance KW - Mechanical equipment KW - Street lighting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108630 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00219444 AU - Difloe, T AU - RICKARD, J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SNOWPLOWING EQUIPMENT PY - 1970/12 AB - TWO TYPES OF SNOW BLOWERS THAT CAN BE CONVERTED FOR USE AS FRONT END LOADERS ARE TESTED IN AN EFFORT TO MAKE SNOWPLOWS A MORE ECONOMICAL INVESTIMENT. A SICARD MODEL BK AND A SNOWBLAST MODEL 1200 WERE USED TO PLOW A 2 TO 3 FOOT DEEP SECTION. BOTH HAVE GOOD CASTING DISTANCE AND EXHIBIT SATISFACTORY CAPACITY FOR THE ENGINE HORSEPOWER AND SNOW CONDITION ENCOUNTERED. THERE WAS A RELATIVELY HIGH INCIDENCE OF AUGER DRIVE SHEER PIN BREAKAGE ON THE SICARD. THE HYDROSTATIC DRIVE OF THE SNOWBLAST ALLOWED THE IMPELLER TO STALL OCCASIONALLY WHILE THE ENGINE RPM REMAINED NEAR GOVERNED SPEED. BOTH MACHINES APPEAR TO BE GOOD INVESTIMENTS. CONVERSION TO FRONT END LOADS TAKES 8 HOURS WITH THE SNOWBLAST, AND ABOUT 30 MINUTES WITH THE SICARD. KW - Economic considerations KW - Economic factors KW - Front end loaders KW - Snowplows UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108711 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00219446 AU - Pelton, C L AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MOWING MACHINERY PY - 1970/12 AB - SEVERAL TYPES OF MOWING MACHINERY HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED FOR CUTTING ROADSIDE AND MEDIAN GRASSY AREAS WHICH ARE UNSAFE OR INEFFICIENT TO CUT WITH REGULAR MOWERS: STEEP SLOPES AND AREAS BEHIND GUIDE RAILING AND IN AN AROUND ROADSIDE DELINEATION POSTS. MORE VERSATILE MOWERS FOR THE SIMPLER AREAS HAVE ALSO BEEN INTRODUCED. KW - Grasses KW - Mowers KW - Roadside UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108713 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00230729 AU - Noble, D F AU - Plaster, R W AU - Virginia Highway Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REACTIONS IN PORTLAND CEMENT-CLAY MIXTURES PY - 1970/12 AB - THE REACTION OF PORTLAND CEMENT WITH SOILS IS STUDIED TO OBTAIN INFORMATION ON THE PRODUCTS OF THE SOIL-CEMENT REACTION, RATES OF REACTION, ALTERATION OF THE MORPHOLOGY OF SOIL PARTICLES BY REACTION WITH CEMENT, AND EFFECTS OF CEMENT TREATMENT ON STRENGTH GAIN. THE REACTION OF TYPES I AND II PORTLAND CEMENT WITH EIGHT RELATIVELY PURE CLAYS AND OF TYPE I CEMENT WITH THREE VIRGINIA SOILS COMMONLY USED FOR SOIL-CEMENT IS ALSO STUDIED. NORMAL (ROOM TEMPERATURE) AND ACCELERATED (ELEVATED TEMPERATURE) CURING PROCEDURES WERE USED. THE RATES OF REACTION WERE MONITORED BY CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER AND HYDROCHLORIC ACID LEACHATES OF SPECIMENS CONTAINING 40 PERCENT CEMENT. REACTION PRODUCTS AND ALTERATION OF PARTICLE MORPHOLOGY WERE MEASURED BY UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TESTS. IT WAS FOUND THAT MONTMORILLONITE IN SOILS SUFFERED THE GREATEST DETERIORATION IN REACTIONS WITH CEMENT, KAOLINITE LESS, AND ILLITE LEAST. QUARTZ NEITHER IMPEDED NOR ENHANCED THE CONSUMPTION OF CALCIUM HYDROXIDE. KAOLINITIC AND ILLITIC SOILS APPEAR TO DEVELOP GREATER STRENGTHS THAN MONTMORILLONITIC SOILS. /FHWA/ KW - Analysis KW - Calcium hydroxide KW - Chemical analysis KW - Chemical composition KW - Clay KW - Clay minerals KW - Concrete curing KW - Diffraction KW - Illites KW - Kaolinite KW - Montmorillonite KW - Morphology KW - Portland cement KW - Properties of materials KW - Quartz KW - Reaction KW - Soil analysis /specifications/ KW - Soil cement KW - Soil cement tests KW - Soil tests KW - Specifications KW - Strength of materials KW - Testing KW - X rays KW - X-ray diffraction UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36400/36482/70-R13.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/119469 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00202583 AU - Strogis, G AU - Chaves, J R AU - Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ELECTRONIC COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR ANALYTICAL STRIP TRIANGULATION PY - 1970/12 AB - THIS COMPUTER PROGRAM IS A SEQUEL TO PROGRAM R-0200 IN THAT IT COMBINES R-0200 WITH THE PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED PROGRAM TITLED "A FORTRAN PROGRAM FOR THE ADJUSTMENT OF STRIPS AND OF BLOCKS BY POLYNOMIAL TRANSFORMATION" BY G. H. SCHUT, NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF CANADA AP-PR 33 DATED FEBRUARY 1968. THIS COMBINED PROGRAM PERMITS THE COMPUTATION OF GROUND X, Y, Z COORDINATES DERIVED FROM COMPARATOR MEASUREMENTS MADE ON AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS IN A SINGLE PASS OPERATION. /FHWA/ KW - Aerial photography KW - Analysis KW - Computer programs KW - Strip KW - Strip method KW - Triangulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/91341 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00222602 AU - Young, M F AU - Woods, D L AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THRESHOLD NOISE LEVELS PY - 1970/12 AB - HUMAN TOLERANCE TO NOISE LEVELS CREATED BY VEHICULAR TRAFFIC HAS BEEN EXAMINED. A REVIEW OF AVAILABLE LITERATURE INDICATED THAT THERE ARE NUMEROUS SUGGESTED MAXIMUM HIGHWAY NOISE LEVELS, ALTHOUGH GENERAL CONSENSUS INDICATES THAT FOR A NOISE BEYOND DBA, COMPLAINTS ARE LIKELY. REVIEWS OF THE LATEST STATE-OF-THE-ART, CONFLICTING STUDIES, AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MAXIMUM SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS FOR HIGHWAYS ARE PRESENTED. CONSIDERATION IS ALSO GIVEN TO THE SOURCES OF HIGHWAY NOISE, TO THOSE INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE AFFECTED BY HIGHWAY NOISE AND TO THE ROLE VARIOUS LAND USERS HAVE IN SELECTING MAXIMUM HIGHWAY SOUND LEVELS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Human beings KW - Noise KW - State of the art studies KW - Traffic noise UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/114301 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206440 AU - Jenkins, J C AU - Chandler, C R AU - Oregon Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT PY - 1970/12 AB - NINE AND FORTY-FIVE HUNDREDTHS MILES OF CONTINUOSLY REINFORCED, ANCHORED CONCRETE PAVEMENT WERE OBSERVED AND MEASURED FOR MOVEMENT OF THE PAVEMENT ENDS, AND JOINTS 126'-6" AND 320'-6" FROM THE END. CRACKS AND JOINTS WERE MEASURED FOR THE AMOUNT OF OPENING. SIX TEST SECTIONS WERE SURVEYED AND CRACKS WERE MEASURED FOR FREQUENCY. THIS EVALUATION OF THE CONCRETE PAVEMENT WAS CONTINUED FOR SIX YEARS, AND THE FOLLOWING CONCLUSIONS WERE DRAWN: (1) THE PERCENTAGE OF STEEL WAS ADEQUATE TO HOLD THE CRACK TOGETHER TIGHTLY. (2) THE ANCHORAGE SYSTEM WAS MORE THAN ADEQUATE TO PREVENT EXCESSIVE END MOVEMENT OF THE PAVEMENT. (3) AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY, USING A HELICOPTER, WAS COMPETITIVE WITH A GROUND SURVEY FOR MAPPING PAVEMENT CRACKING AND CAN PRODUCE GOOD RESULTS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Aerial photography KW - Anchorages KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Cracking KW - Joint KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Steel KW - Test sections UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/100275 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00219748 AU - Burke, B AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY ACCIDENT COSTS AND RATES IN TEXAS PY - 1970/12 AB - A METHOD IS DEVELOPED FOR ESTIMATING COSTS FOR SELECTED TEXAS ACCIDENTS USING COST DATA DEVELOPED FOR ACCIDENT INVOLVEMENTS IN MASSACHUSETTS, ILLINOIS, NEW MEXICO AND UTAH. FROM THE NUMBER AND TYPE (CAR/TRUCK) OF VEHICLES INVOLVED AND THE NUMBER OF FATALLY INJURED PERSONS, ACCIDENT COSTS CAN BE DERIVED USING THE DIRECT COST PER INVOLVEMENT. ACCIDENT RATES FOR SELECTED HIGHWAY DESIGNS AND FOR VARIOUS AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC COUNTS ARE PREDICTED AND ANALYZED. /AUTHOR/ KW - Cost data KW - Costs KW - Crash rates KW - Crashes KW - Estimates KW - Highways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108829 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00204023 AU - Yevjevich, V AU - Barnes, A H AU - Colorado State University, Fort Collins AU - Colorado Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FLOOD ROUTING THROUGH STORM DRAINS PY - 1970/12 AB - THE RESULTS ARE PRESENTED OF AN ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF UNSTEADY FREE SURFACE FLOW IN A SMOOTH CIRCULAR CONDUIT AT SUBCRITICAL SLOPES WITH LATERAL INFLOWS. THE ANALYTICAL PHASE WAS BASED ON DE SAINTVENANT EQUATIONS OF UNSTEADY FREE SURFACE FLOW WITH NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS BY THE METHOD OF CHARACTERISTICS. IN ORDER TO MINIMIZE THOSE EFFECTS NORMALLY ASSOCIATED WITH SMALL SCALE MODELS, THE EXPERIMENTAL PHASE WAS CARRIED OUT IN A 36-INCH DIAMETER STEEL PIPE OF 820-FT. IN LENGTH AND WITH THREE LATERAL CONNECTIONS. CAREFUL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE GEOMETRIC AND HYDRAULIC PARAMETERS AND INITIAL AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS WERE MADE. ERRORS IN NUMERICAL COMPUTIATIONS AND EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS WERE ANALYZED. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPARISONS OF RESULTS FROM ANALYTICAL SOLUTI- ONS AND EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS WERE DISCUSSED. IN GENERAL THESE COMPARISONS SHOW THAT, FOR WAVE MOVEMENTS WITHOUT LATERAL INFLOWS, GOOD AGREEMENTS WERE ACHIEVED; BUT, FOR WAVE MOVEMENTS WITH LATERAL INFLOWS, ONLY MODERATE SUCCESS WAS INDICATED. /AUTHOR/ KW - Boundary conditions KW - Boundary value problems KW - Conduits KW - Flood routing KW - Hydraulics KW - Numerical analysis KW - Steel pipe KW - Storm sewers KW - Wave motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/98957 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242854 AU - International Road Federation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - 1970 WORLD SURVEY OF CURRENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON ROADS AND ROAD TRANSPORT PY - 1970/12 AB - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES IN PROGRESS DURING CY 1970 OR RECENTLY COMPLETED ON ROADS AND ROAD TRANSPORT ARE LISTED BY COUNTRY SHOWING RESEARCH AGENCY, STUDY TITLE, AND OBJECTIVE. THE REPORT INCLUDES A SURVEY OF RESEARCH IN 5 COUNTRIES NOT PREVIOUSLY COVERED AND A RESURVEY IN 20 OTHERS. THE COUNTRIES NEWLY COVERED INCLUDE THE REPUBLIC OF CHINA, ETHIOPIA, HONG KONG, PARAGUAY, AND URUGUAY. THE REPORT INCLUDES IN TOTAL 5.511 R&D REPORTS FROM 59 COUNTRIES. A NEW FEATURE IN THIS FIFTH EDITION IS AN INDEX BY SUBJECT OF STUDIES ABSTRACTED IN THE REPORT. IN ADDITION TO THE SURVEY, THE DOCUMEDT INCLUDES FOUR PAPERS PRINTED IN FULL--ONE ON SKID RESISTANCE, ONE ON RIGHT-OF-WAY AND JOINT DEVELOPMENT, ON ON GEOMETRIC DESIGN FOR HIGH-SPEED FREEWAYS AND INTERCHANGES, AND ONE ON PARKING FACILITIES IN EUROPE. /FHWA/ KW - Development KW - Freeways KW - Geometric design KW - High speed ground transportation KW - High speed vehicles KW - Highways KW - Interchanges KW - Joint development KW - Parking KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Right of way KW - Skid resistance KW - Speed UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132222 ER - TY - SER AN - 00205852 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Corvi, I E AU - Bullard, B G TI - A SYSTEM FOR ESTIMATING PRESENT SURFACE CONDITION AND REMAINING SERVICE LIFE OF EXISTING PAVEMENT SECTIONS PY - 1970/12 VL - 36 IS - 5 AB - THOSE CONCERNED WITH THE CONDITION OF HIGHWAY SURFACES AND HOW LONG PAVEMENTS WILL LAST BEFORE THEY NEED RESURFACING WILL BE INTERESTED IN THE SYSTEM PRESENTED HERE FOR ESTIMATING PRESENT SURFACE CONDITION AND REMAINING SERVICE LIFE OF EXISTING HIGHWAY PAVEMENTS. FINDINGS FROM THE AASHO ROAD TEST AT OTTAWA, ILL. ARE USED, TO DEVELOP THE SYSTEM WHICH FEATURES A SET OF NOMOGRAPHS TO SPEED UP CALCULATIONS. THE PROCEDURE, BASED ON THE SERVICEABILITY-PERFORMANCE CONCEPT ESTABLISHED IN TTHE ROAD TEST, IS INTENDED TO MINIMIZE SUBJECTIVE JUDGMENT, COMMONLY TERMED "THE HUMAN FACTOR" IN EVALUATIONS OF PAVEMENT CONDITION AND IN ESTIMATES OF REMAINING SERVICE LIFE. THE PERTINENT RESEARCH FINDINGS FROM THE AASHO ROAD TEST, ARE REVIEWED, WHICH, IN ADDITION TO THE PAVEMENT SERVICEABILITY-PERFORMANCE CONCEPT, INCLUDE PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE EQUATIONS AND AN EQUIVALENT AXLE-LOAD CONCEPT. PROCEEDING FROM CONCEPT TO PRACTICAL METHOD THEY THEN OUTLINE REQUIREMENTS FOR DEVELOPING A SYSTEM AND DESCRIBE USE OF THE SERVICE-LIFE NOMOGRAPHS. /AUTHOR/ KW - AASHO Road Test KW - Axle loads KW - Human factors KW - Nomographs KW - Pavement life KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Service life KW - Serviceability KW - Surfaces KW - Texture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/97742 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00230724 AU - Hopkins, T C AU - Kentucky Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOIL SUPPORT VALUE AND KENTUCKY CBR PY - 1970/12 AB - THREE SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT CORRELATIONS BETWEEN KENTUCKY CBR'S AND THE AASHO ROAD TEST SOIL SUPPORT VALUES WERE DEVELOPED. THE FIRST AND SECOND RELATIONSHIPS WERE MADE BY ASSUMING A LOGARITHMIC SCALE BETWEEN KENTUCKY CBR'S OF (1) 5.2 AND 100 AND (2) 5.2 AND 90, WHICH CORRESPONDED TO VALUES ON THE SOIL SUPPORT SCALE OF 3 AND 10, RESPECTIVELY. THE KENTUCKY CBR OF 5.2 WAS DETERMINED BY PERFORMING TESTS ON THE AASHO ROAD SUBGRADE SOILS. THE THIRD RELATIONSHIP WAS CONSTRUCTED THROUGH COMPUTATIONS USING ACTUAL TRAFFIC DATA, THE KENTUCKY FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN CURVES, AND THE AASHO DESIGN CHART (PT = 2.5). COMPUTED SOIL SUPPORT VALUES OF 3 AND 10 CORRESPONDED TO KENTUCKY CBR'S OF 6 AND 90, RESPECTIVELY. COMPUTED VALUES OF SOIL SUPPORT WERE PLOTTED TO AN ARITHMETIC SCALE AND KENTUCKY CBR'S WERE PLOTTED TO A LOGARITHMIC SCALE. IN A RANGE OF KENTUCKY CBR'S VARYING FROM ABOUT 4 TO 40, THE RELATIONSHIP WAS LINEAR, WHILE FROM 40 TO 90, THE CURVE WAS CONCAVE UPWARD. THERE WAS REASONABLE AGREEMENT BETWEEN A KENTUCKY CBR OF 5.2, DETERMINED BY TESTS, AND 6, DETERMINED THROUGH COMPUTATIONS. SEVERAL ASTM AND KENTUCKY CBR TESTS WERE PERFORMED AT DIFFERENT MOLDING MOISTURE CONTENTS AND COMPACTIVE ENERGIES ON THE AASHO EMBANKMENT SOIL, FOUR REPRESENTATIVE KENTUCKY SOILS, AND ONE SOIL FROM THE STATE OF OHIO. THESE DATA WERE COMPARED TO CBR DATA PREVIOUSLY REPORTED BY SHOOK AND FANG. FOR CBR'S RANGING FROM ABOUT 4 TO 12, A RELATIONSHIP WAS DEVELOPED BETWEEN KENTUCKY AND ASTM CBR'S. WITHIN THIS RANGE OF VALUES, KENTUCKY AND ASTM CBR'S ARE APPROXIMATELY EQUAL. MOLDING SPECIMENS UNDER THE STATIC PRESSURE OF 2000 POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH AS USED IN THE KENTUCKY CBR PROCEDURE PRODUCED SPECIMENS WITH INITIAL DRY DENSITIES THAT AVERAGED ABOUT SIX PERCENT HIGHER THAN THOSE OBTAINED BY AASHO DESIGNATION: T99-57. CBR'S AND AXIAL SWELL VALUES WERE ALSO HIGHER. FOR SOIL SPECIMENS MOLDED AT THE SAME INITIAL DRY DENSITIES, CBR'S OF STATICALLY COMPACTED SPECIMENS ARE DISTINCTIVELY LOWER THAN THOSE OBSERVED FOR DYNAMICALLY COMPACTED SPECIMENS. FOR RELATIVELY SMALL DECREASES IN INITIAL DRY DENSITIES, THERE WERE VERY LARGE DECREASES IN CBR'S. THIS PROBABLY ACCOUNTS FOR DISCREPANCIES THAT HAVE BEEN OBSERVED BETWEEN FIELD AND LABORATORY CBR'S. /AUTHOR/ KW - AASHO Road Test KW - Bearing capacity KW - California bearing ratio KW - Compaction tests KW - Dry density KW - Soil compaction test KW - Soil support value KW - Soils UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/119464 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00215367 AU - Comella, W O AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RESULTS-SIMULATED TESTING OF QUALITY ASSURANCE GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS-PLANT MIX BITUMINOUS PAVEMENTS PY - 1970/11/10 AB - No Abstract. KW - Bituminous pavements KW - Plant mix KW - Quality control KW - Quality control testing KW - Simulation KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/107934 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00476051 AU - Mahone, D C AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STUDY OF BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENTS IN VIRGINIA. PHASE II - SUMMER 1964. DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF MATERIALS EFFECTIVENESS OF ONE SIZE AGGREGATE SETTING TIME. REPORT FOR SUMMER 1965 PY - 1970/11 SP - 43 p. AB - Ten bituminous distributors and ten chip spreading operations were investigated, the former by cotton pad, cup, and trough tests; the latter by measuring the distance covered by a truckload by placing pans in the road to catch the stone. A wide variation was found in the coverage consistency of the distributors and the aggregate distribution was found to vary between types of spreaders used. Seven one size stone test sections were placed on portions of regularly scheduled surface treatment projects. Insufficient time has passed to permit final evaluation of the test sections. A centrifuge test fashioned after one used in California was used to evaluate lab and field treatments for aggregate whip off. From the results of this empirical test, it is believed that AP-00 asphalt is traffic ready in a much shorter period of time than are cutbacks and emulsions. KW - Aggregate size KW - Aggregates KW - Bituminous materials KW - Bituminous surface treatments KW - Centrifuges KW - Physical distribution KW - Surface treating KW - Test sections KW - Testing UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37000/37048/70-R22.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/286090 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00205376 AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN EXPERIMENT IN PAVEMENT SLAB DESIGN (REPORT SUPPLEMENT - FINAL) PY - 1970/11 AB - THE EXPERIMENTATION INCLUDED THE INTRODUCTION OF A NUMBER OF SPECIAL FEATURES AN A REGULARLY SCHEDULED PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVING PROJECT IN 1952, AND OBSERVATIONS OF THE FEATURES OVER A SUBSEQUENT 13-YEAR PERIOD. THE EXPERIMENTATION INCLUDED SECTIONS OF 9 AND 10 INCH THICKNESSES OF BOTH REINFORCED AND NON-REINFORCED PAVEMENT (WITH AND WITHOUT TRANSVERSE JOINTS). VARIOUS METHODS OF JOINT FORMING AND SEALING WERE EVALUATED ON DOWELED AND UNDOWELED JOINTS SPACED AT 20 FEET AND 100 FEET INTERVALS. CRACKING, SPALLING, FAULTING, RIDING QUALITY, PUMPING, JOINT MOVEMENTS, AND SEALER LIFE WERE OBSERVED AND RELATED TO THE TRAFFIC. THE PRACTICE OF SAWING TRANSVERSE JOINTS AT UP TO 100-FEET INTERVALS WITHOUT EXCESSIVE PREMATURE CRACKING RESULTED FROM THIS PROJECT. /AUTHOR/ KW - Dowels (Fasteners) KW - Faulting KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Joining KW - Pavement design KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Pumps KW - Reinforced concrete pavements KW - Riding qualities KW - Sealing KW - Sealing (Technology) KW - Slabs KW - Spalling KW - Thickness KW - Transverse joints UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/99389 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01454445 AU - Morre, D James AU - Cheetham, Ronald David AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CIPC-2,4-D Combinations for Control of 2,4-D-Resistant Monocot Species PY - 1970/10/28 SP - 28p AB - Laboratory, greenhouse and field studies show that CIPC pretreatments alter 2,4-D resistant monocot species making them susceptible to subsequent 2,4-D treatments. Pretreatment with 1 lb/A CIPC followed 1- several weeks later by 1 lb/A 2,4-D has given control of wild garlic (Allium vineale) and eradication of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) along roadsides and in turf. KW - Grasses KW - Herbicides KW - Landscape maintenance KW - Roadside KW - Turf KW - Weed control KW - Weeds UR - http://archive.org/details/cipc24dcombinati00morr UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313788 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219094 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00218062 AU - Elder, J H AU - Lembi, C A AU - Moore, D J AU - Indiana State Highway Commission AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TOXICITY OF 2,4-D AND PICLORAM TO FRESH WATER ALGAE PY - 1970/10/28 AB - THE HERBICIDES 2, 4-D AND P:CLORAM EXHIBIT LOW TOXICITY TO ALL FRESH WATER AND MARINE ALGAL SPECIES THUS FAR EXAMINED AT RATES APPROACHING THE MAXIMUM SOLUBILITY OF HERBICIDES IN WATER. USE OF FORMULATED MATERIALS (ESPECIALLY ESTERS) AND COMBINATIONS OF HERBICIDES MAY INCREASE TOXICITY. YET THESE HERBICIDES PRESENT A LOW POTENTIAL HAZARD FROM NORMAL AGRICULTURAL OR INDUSTRIAL PRACTICE. /AUTHOR/ KW - Algae KW - Fresh water KW - Herbicides KW - Seawater KW - Toxicity UR - http://archive.org/details/toxicityof24dpic00elde UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313786 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108509 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01349535 AU - Newlon, Howard H AU - Virginia Highway Research Council AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Evaluation of Several Types of Curing and Protective Materials on Concrete. Final Report On Part II Installation Report and Initial Condition Survey of Bridge Decks PY - 1970/10//Final Report on Part II SP - 58p AB - Thirty-nine test panels were installed on three interstate bridges to evaluate several combinations of curing and protective treatments for concrete. Panels were cured with white pigmented liquid membrane and white polyethylene, both with and without subsequent treatments using linseed oil. One panel received a chlorinated rubber sealer marketed as a combined curing and protective material. On some panels a monomolecular film was used to reduce evaporation prior to regular curing. Detailed observations of construction operations and atmospheric conditions were recorded and important properties of the freshly mixed and hardened concrete determined. Periodic condition surveys are planned. KW - Bridge decks KW - Concrete curing KW - Concrete structures KW - Condition surveys KW - Ethylene resins KW - Highway bridges KW - Interstate highways KW - Preservation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37700/37710/70-R16.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1107904 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092155 AU - Fertal, M J AU - WEINER, E AU - BALEK, A J AU - Sevin, A F AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MODAL SPLIT. DOCUMENTATION OF NINE METHODS FOR ESTIMATING TRANSIT USAGE PY - 1970/10 SP - 147 p. AB - The report documents nine procedures that have been developed between 1955 and 1966 by nine urban area transportation studies to estimate the proportion of future intracity travel demand for the two alternate modes of transportation; i.e., public mass transit and the private automobile. These procedures are called modal split models. Of the nine models, five are classified as trip-end models and four are classified as trip-interchange models. A trip-end model is one that allocates a portion of total person trip origins and destinations to alternate modes of transportation prior to trip distribution. A trip-interchange model is one that allocates portions of given person trip movements resulting from trip distribution to the alternate transportation modes. Factors found significant in determining modal split have been grouped into three categories: (1) characteristics of the trip, (2) characteristics of the transportation system. KW - Automobiles KW - Estimates KW - Estimating KW - Mathematical models KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Modal split KW - Private transportation KW - Public transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28913 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00204637 AU - Sargent, M AU - Blazek, D AU - Elder, J H AU - Lembi, C A AU - Morre, D J AU - Indiana State Highway Commission AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE TOXICITY OF 2,4-D AND PICLORAM HERBICIDES TO FISH PY - 1970/10 AB - TWO COMMON HERBICIDES, PICLORAM OR TORDON (4-AMINO-3,5,6-TRICHLOROPICOLINIC ACID) AND 2, 4-D (2-4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID) AND THEIR SALTS EXHIBIT LOW TOXICITY TO FISH. CERTAIN FORMULATED DERIVATIVES (ESPECIALLY ESTERS) TEND TO BE MORE TOXIC THAN ACID SALTS AS AN IMPURITY FROM TECHNICAL PICLORAM. EVEN WITH PICLORAM CONTAINING IMPURITIES, ADAPTIVE AND/OR DETOXIFICATION RESPONSES BY THE FISH ARE INDICATED. THESE HERBICIDES (PICLORAM AND 2,4-D) SEEM TO PRESENT A LOW POTENTIAL HAZARD TO FISH FROM NORMAL AGRICULTURAL OR INDUSTRIAL USE. KW - Fishes KW - Herbicides KW - Toxicity UR - http://archive.org/details/toxicityof24dpic00sarg UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313787 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/99183 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00221242 AU - FEE, J A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTERSTATE SYSTEM ACCIDENT RESEARCH STUDY - I PY - 1970/10 AB - A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENTS, INJURIES, AND FATALITIES ON SECTIONS OF INTERSTATE HIGHWAY AS WELL AS ON COMPARABLE SECTIONS OF "EXISTING" HIGHWAY IS PRESENTED. THE INFLUENCE ON ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE OF SUCH FACTORS AS ACCESS CONTROL, HIGHWAY TYPE, TYPE OF ACCESS, AND AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC (ADT) IS DISCUSSED. THIS IS FOLLOWED BY AN ANALYSIS OF PROPERTY DAMAGE COSTS USING STUDY-I DATA AND PROVIDES A COMPARISON WITH SEVERAL OTHER ACCIDENT COST STUDIES. FINALLY, THERE IS A SHORT DISCUSSION OF UNDERREPORTING OF ACCIDENTS. REGARDLESS OF THE BREAKDOWN OF THE DATA INVESTIGATED OR THE MEASURE OF ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE USED, THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS EVIDENCED MAJOR SAFETY IMPROVEMENTS OVER THE NON-INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS. OVERALL, THE ACCIDENT, INJURY AND FATALITY RATES ON THE INTERSTATE WERE LESS THAN 50% OF THE CORRESPONDING RATES ON "EXISTING BEFORE" HIGHWAYS. IN 1975 IT IS ESTIMATED THAT THE 41,000 MILES OF INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS WILL SAVE APPROXIMATELY 7,500 LIVES, 347,000 INJURIES, 823,000 ACCIDENTS, AND $250,000,000 WORTH OF PROPERTY DAMAGE. /AUTHOR/ KW - Access KW - Access control KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Average daily traffic KW - Costs KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash rates KW - Fatalities KW - Injuries KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Loss and damage KW - Property KW - Property damage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/109349 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00221250 AU - FEE, J A AU - Beatty, R L AU - Dietz, S K AU - Kaufman, S F AU - Yates, J G AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTERSTATE SYSTEM ACCIDENT RESEARCH STUDY-1 PY - 1970/10 AB - THIS REPORT COMPRISES THREE VOLUMES BOUND AS ONE, AND ABSTRACTED AND INDEXED SEPARATELY. IT IS THE SECOND GENERAL ANALYSIS OF DATA COLLECTED FOR THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM ACCIDENT RESEARCH STUDY AND REPRESENTS A JOINT RESEARCH EFFORT OF THE FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION AND 40 STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENTS. ALL DATA WERE COLLECTED BY A STANDARD PROCEDURE, REVIEWED BY THE STATES, EDITED, AND USED BY FHWA TO PREPARE STUDY FILES. KW - Crash analysis KW - Data KW - Data analysis KW - Highway safety KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/109352 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00221231 AU - FEE, J A AU - Beatty, R L AU - Dietz, S K AU - Kaufman, S F AU - Yates, J G AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMPARISON OF ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE ON INTERSTATE AND NON- INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS--THE INFLUENCE OF HIGHWAY, TRAFFIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS PY - 1970/10 AB - A DATA-ACQUISTION PROCEDURE EMPLOYED IN A 1963 STUDY OF ACCIDENT RATES ON THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM WAS USED TO COMPARE THE SAFETY RECORD OF THE IHS WITH THAT OF THE CONVENTIONAL HIGHWAYS REPLACED BY IT. THE SURVEY COVERS 39 STATES AND 7700 MILES OF INTERSTATE ROADS. THE PRINCIPAL FINDINGS OF THE STUDY WERE AS FOLLOWS: (1) THE ACCIDENT, INJURY, AND FATALITY RATES ON URBAN SECTIONS OF THE IHS ARE, RESPECTIVELY, 30, 61, AND 76% OF COMPARABLE RATES ON CONVENTIONAL URBAN HIGHWAYS EXISTING BEFORE THOSE SECTIONS WERE OPENED TO TRAFFIC. (2) THE VARIABLE THAT CONTRIBUTED MOST TO THE VARIANCE OBSERVED IN ACCIDENTS WAS ACCESS CONTROL: WHERE IT WAS ABSENT, THE ACCIDENT RATE INVARIABLY INCREASED. (3) A MATHEMATICAL MODEL IN WHICH ACCESS CONTROL AND ACCIDENT RATES WERE CORRELATED REVEALED THAT THE NUMBER OF AT-GRADE INTERSECTIONS PER MILE AND THE NUMBER OF BUSINESSES WITH DIRECT ACCESS TO THE HIGHWAY PER MILE WERE SIGNIFICANT VARIABLES IN EVERY NON- INTERSTATE MODEL. (4) ON IHS ROADS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACCIDENT RATE AND TRAFFIC VOLUME WAS CURVILINEAR RATHER THAN LINEAR, I.E., ACCIDENT RATES DECREASED WITH INCREASING ADT UP TO A POINT AND THEN INCREASED. THE SAME RELATIONSHIP EXISTED ON THE CONVENTIONAL ROADS, BUT WAS LESS DISCERNABLE OWING TO VARIATIONS IN ACCESS CONTROL AND THE EXISTENCE OF MEDIANS ON THE IHS. IN RURAL AREAS THE OPENING OF INTERSTATE ROADS HAD A NEGLIGIBLE EFFECT ON THE ACCIDENT RATE OF CONVENTIONAL HIGHWAYS. (5) ON THE IHS HEAD-ON ACCIDENTS HAVE BEEN VIRTUALLY ELIMINATED, AND ANGLE COLLISIONS, GREATLY REDUCED. SINGLE-VEHICLE COLLISIONS ARE THE PREDOMINATE ACCIDENT TYPE ON RURAL IHS ROADS, REAR-END COLLISIONS ON URBAN ONES. (6) IN 1975 IT IS ESTIMATED THAT THE 41,000 MILES OF THE IHS WILL SAVE APPROXIMATELY 7500 LIVES, 347,000 INJURIES, 823,000 ACCIDENTS, AND $250 MILLION IN PROPERTY DAMAGE. ADDITIONAL SAVINGS WILL BE PROVIDED BY THE 1500 MILES RECENTLY ADDED TO THE SYSTEM. KW - Access control KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Crash rates KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Rural highways KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic volume KW - Urban highways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/109341 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00221233 AU - FEE, J A AU - Beatty, R L AU - Dietz, S K AU - Skaufman, S F AU - Vates, J G AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENT EXPANSION FACTORS PY - 1970/10 AB - AN EQUATION IS PROPOSED, WHOSE COMPONENTS ARE EXPRESSIONS OF EACH STATE'S TRAFFIC ACCIDENT REPORTING LAWS AND PRACTICES, TO COMPUTE TRUE FROM REPORTED ACCIDENT RATES AND THE PROPERTY DAMAGE COSTS ARISING FROM THESE ACCIDENTS. THREE COMPUTATIONAL METHODS EMPLOYING THE EQUATION ARE VERIFIED ON ACTUAL DATA, AND THE OPTIMUM METHOD IS INDICATED. KW - Crash reports KW - Extrapolation KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Mathematical models KW - Regression analysis KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/109343 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00221232 AU - FEE, J A AU - Beatty, R L AU - Dietz, S K AU - Kaufman, S F AU - Yates, J G AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROPERTY DAMAGE COST ANALYSIS AND ACCIDENT REDUCTION BENEFITS PY - 1970/10 AB - A SURVEY HAS BEEN MADE OF SAVINGS REALIZED BY THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM (IHS) IN PROPERTY DAMAGE COSTS ARISING FROM TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS ON THE IHS AS COMPARED WITH THOSE ON THE HIGHWAYS THE IHS REPLACED. THE MAJOR FINDINGS ARE AS FOLLOWS: (1) WITH RESPECT TO ACCIDENTS WHOSE COST EXCEEDED $500, A HIGHER PROPORTION OCURRED IN RURAL THAN URBAN AREAS AND ON THE IHS THAN ON CONVENTIONAL URBAN AND RURAL HIGHWAYS. (2) OWING LARGELY TO THE NUMBER OF STATES THAT DO NOT REPORT PROPERTY DAMAGE COSTS, ABOUT 25% OF THE ACCIDENTS REPORTED STATED NO PROPERTY DAMAGE. (3) THE AVERAGE PROPERTY COSTS FOR ALL IHS ACCIDENTS REPORTED WAS ABOUT $450, IN 1964 DOLLARS. (FOR ALL YEARS REPORTED, THE ACCIDENT MEAN FELL IN 1964.) (4) A CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE OF PROPERTY DAMAGE COSTS SAVED BY THE IHS IN 1975 IS $250 MILLION (1946 DOLLARS). KW - Accident costs KW - Costs KW - Crashes KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Loss and damage KW - Property KW - Property damage KW - Rural highways KW - Traffic crashes KW - Urban highways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/109342 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00207992 AU - Culver, C AU - Nasir, G AU - Carnegie Mellon University AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BUCKLING OF STIFFENED CURVED PLATES PY - 1970/10 AB - THE BUCKLING BEHAVIOR OF LONGITUDINALLY AND TRANSVERSELY STIFFENED COMPRESSION FLANGES OF HORIZONTALLY CURVED BOX GIRDERS IS STUDIED ANALYTICALLY. AN EXPRESSION FOR THE TOTAL POTENTIAL ENERGY OF THE SYSTEM SUBJECTED TO NORMAL AND SHEARING STRESSES IS DEVELOPED CONSIDERING THE LONGITUDINAL STIFFNERS AS CURVED BEAMS. SOLUTIONS TO THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL ARE OBTAINED USING THE RAYLEIGH-RITZ METHOD. BUCKLING IN BOTH THE ELASTIC AND INELASTIC RANGES IS CONSIDERED. THE INFORMATION PRESENTED MAY BE USED FOR PROPORTIONING THE SIZES AND DETERMINING THE OPTIMUM LOCATION OF THE LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE STIFFENERS TO BE USED IN CURVED BOX GIRDERS. /FHWA/ KW - Box girders KW - Buckling KW - Compression members KW - Curvature KW - Curved beams KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Flanges KW - Horizontal curvature KW - Instability KW - Longitudinal stiffeners KW - Mathematical models KW - Normal stress KW - Potential energy KW - Shear stress KW - Stresses KW - Structural supports KW - Transverse stiffeners UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/102755 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00217494 AU - Martin, J R AU - Ahmad, H AU - Ledbetter, W B AU - Britton, S C AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NONBLOATED SYNTHETIC AGGREGATE CONCRETE PY - 1970/10 AB - THIRTY-FIVE BATCHES OF CONCRETE REPRESENTING 17 DIFFERENT AGGREGATES MADE FROM 5 DIFFERENT CLAYS WERE INVESTIGATED. AGGREGATES WERE TESTED FOR CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND MECHANICAL DURABILITY BY A VARIETY OF TESTS. RELATIONS BETWEEN CLAY RAW MATERIAL, AGGREGATES AND PROCESSING PARAMETERS WERE DETERMINED. CONCRETES WERE TESTED FOR STRENGTH AND CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL DURABILITY. RESULTS INDICATE THAT (1) NONBLOATED SYNTHETIC AGGREGATE IS POTENTIALLY USEFUL IN PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE BASES, (2) DRYING OF CONCRETE GREATLY IMPROVES ITS FREEZE-THAW DURABILITY, (3) AGGREGATE QUALITY VARIES SIGNIFICANTLY WITH PROCESSING PARAMETERS, AND (4) IMPROVEMENTS IN AGGREGATES QUALITY CONTROL TEST PROCEDURES ARE REQUIRED. /AUTHOR/ KW - Artificial aggregates KW - Clay KW - Concrete KW - Concrete aggregates KW - Concrete bases KW - Concrete curing KW - Durability KW - Freeze thaw durability KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Quality control KW - Quality control testing KW - Strength of materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108353 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00224963 AU - Sperry Rand Corporation AU - Dist of Columbia Dept Hwys & Traffic AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ADVANCED CONTROL TECHNOLOGY IN URBAN TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS. ENHANCED UTCS/BPS SYSTEM EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS PY - 1970/10 VL - 3b AB - THE EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS PRESENTED IN THIS VOLUME DESCRIBES THE REQUIRED CHARACTERISTICS OF EQUIPMENT TO BE USED IN THE URBAN TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM TEST SITE. THESE SPECIFICATIONS HAVE BEEN GENERATED TO SERVE AS THE BASIS OF REQUESTS FOR PRICE QUOTATION FROM POTENTIAL EQUIPMENT SUPPLIERS. THEY WILL BE REFERENCED IN STATEMENTS OF WORK WHICH DEFINE ALL TASKS TO BE PERFORMED BY THE SUPPLIER IN MEETING THE TERMS OF THE CONTRACT. THESE TASKS WILL NORMALLY INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: FABRICATION AND TEST OF THE EQUIPMENT; GENERATION OF TEST PROCEDURES; GENERATION OF ALL DRAWING, PARTS LISTS, AND MANUALS; TRAINING OF PERSONNEL; GENERATION OF ALL STATUS REPORTS; AND SUPPORT OF MAINTENANCE /FHWA/ KW - Characteristics KW - Equipment KW - Maintenance KW - Manuals KW - Specifications KW - Test facilities KW - Testing KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic control systems KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/114819 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00210456 AU - Jimenez, R A AU - University of Arizona, Tucson AU - University of Arizona, Tucson AU - Arizona Highway Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FRICTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PAVEMENT SURFACES PY - 1970/10 AB - THE RESEARCH HAS BEEN DIRECTED TOWARDS ESTABLISHING THE LEVEL AND RATE OF CHANGE OF PAVEMENT SURFACE FRICTION ON TEN SECTIONS OF ROADS IN THE STATE. FRICTION MEASUREMENTS HAVE BEEN MADE BY THE STOPPING DISTANCE AND DECELEROMETER METHODS AT SPEEDS RANGING FROM 30 TO 60 MPH. THE TEST SECTIONS WERE SAMPLED WITH 6-INCH DIAMETER BITS AND THE CORES WERE EVALUATED FOR LABORATORY FRICTION MEASUREMENTS AND SURFACE ASPERITY WITH A PROFILOGRAPH. RESULTS FROM THE TWO-YEAR TESTING PERIOD SHOW THAT PAVEMENT FRICTION WAS RELATIVELY HIGH AND WILL REMAIN AT THIS LEVEL BECAUSE THE AGGREGATES ARE NOT SUSCEPTIBLE TO POLISHING. DECELEROMETER MEASUREMENTS WERE NOT FOUND TO BE ADEQUATE FOR ESTABLISHING A RELIABLE VALUE OF SURFACE FRICTION, AS A CONSEQUENCE, MOST COMPARISONS WILL BE MADE WITH STOPPING DISTANCE NUMBERS. BECAUSE OF THE UNPREDICTABILITY OF VEHICLE BEHAVIOR UPON THE SUDDEN APPLICATION OF THE BRAKES AT HIGH SPEED, A 2-WHEEL DIAGONAL BRAKING PROCEDURE WAS INVESTIGATED AND FOUND TO YIELD ACCEPTABLE FRICTION VALUES. THE COMPARISON OF LABORATORY FRICTION VALUES WITH FIELD MEASUREMENTS OF FRICTION INDICATED A VERY POOR DEGREE OF CORRELATION BETWEEN THE TWO VALUES. EXAMINATION OF VARIOUS CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SURFACE PROFILOGRAPHS INDICATED THAT THE MOST MEANINGFUL FEATURE WAS THE AVERAGE HEIGHT OF THE SURFACE ASPERITIES. COMPARISONS OF ASPERITY HEIGHT AND STOPPING DISTANCE NUMBER SHOWED AN OPTIMUM HEIGHT OF APPROXIMATELY 1.25 MILLIMETERS /AUTHOR/ KW - Braking KW - Characteristics KW - Deceleration KW - Friction KW - Measurement KW - Pavements KW - Profiles KW - Speed KW - Stopping distances KW - Test sections UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/97804 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00224961 AU - Sperry Rand Corporation AU - Dist of Columbia Dept Hwys & Traffic AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ADVANCED CONTROL TECHNOLOGY IN URBAN TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS. ENHANCED UTCS CONTROL SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION PY - 1970/10 VL - 16 AB - RESEARCH IN FOUR AREAS IS REPORTED: (1) FOR MEASURES OF COST EFFECTIVENESS, ALGORITHMS WERE WRITTEN TO COMPUTE UTCS USER COSTS ON INSTRUMENTED LINKS FOR BOTH NORMAL AND ABNORMAL CONDITIONS. BASELINE UTCS SOFTWARE WAS USED TO COMPUTE DELAYS AND STOPS ON MULTIDETECTOR LINKS, BUT A NEW METHOD WAS DEVISED FOR SINGLE-DETECTOR LINKS. COMPARATIVE LINK-COST STUDIES WERE MADE BY TREATING SOME MULTIDETECTOR LINKS AS SINGLE-DETECTOR ONES. (2) INSTRUMENTATION OF PARKING GARAGES PROVED TO BE NOT A COST EFFECTIVE WAY OF DEALING WITH THE CONGESTION THEY CAUSE. (3) FOR TURN SURVEILLANCE, AN ALGORITHM WAS DEVISED TO COMPUTE TURNING VOLUMES AND BLOCKAGE PARAMETERS FOR DOWNSTREAM AND UPSTREAM INTERSECTIONS. THE NUMBER AND LOCATION OF DETECTORS USED FOR THIS PURPOSE IS INCLUDED. THE RESULT IS THAT TURN INFORMATION WILL NOT BE ACCURATE IN SOME CIRCUMSTANCES, NOTABLY ON SHORT LINKS. INTERSECTION BLOCKAGE DATA WILL BE RELIABLE ON PERHAPS 65--70% OF THE TOTAL NUMBER OF CIC-INSTRUMENTED LINKS. (4) MULTIPHASE CRITICAL INTERSECTION CONTROL STUDIES RESULTED IN NEW DEMAND AND CONTROL ALGORITHMS THAT PERMIT A LARGE GROUP OF MULTIPHASE INTERSECTIONS TO BE BROUGHT MORE EFFICIENTLY INTO THE UTCS STRUCTURE. DEMAND IS DETERMINED BY VOLUME AND QUEUE, RATHER THAN BY QUEUE ALONG. PLACEMENT OF THE THIRD DETECTOR IS IMPORTANT FOR THE ACCURACY OF THIS CRITERION, AND ITS LOCATION SHOULD BE A FUNCTION OF BLOCK LENGTH. A TRADE-OFF STUDY WAS PERFORMED THAT TOOK INTO ACCOUNT THE NEEDS AND IMPORTANCE OF CIC ALGORITHMS AND TURN MEASUREMENT, AND THIRD DETECTORS WERE ADDED AND RELOCATED TO CONFORM TO THE RESULTS OF THIS STUDY. /FHWA/ KW - Algorithms KW - Computer programs KW - Demand KW - Information processing KW - Intersections KW - Parking garages KW - Stopped time delays KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control systems KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic surveillance KW - Turning movements KW - Turning traffic KW - Vehicle detectors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/114817 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00219746 AU - Roland, R D AU - Kroll, C V AU - Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory, Incorporated AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A PREVIEW PREDICTOR MODEL OF DRIVER BEHAVIOR IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS PY - 1970/10 AB - A CLOSED-LOOP NONLINEAR DRIVER CONTOL MATHEMATICAL MODEL WAS DEVELOPED TO ENALBE A BETTER DEFINITION OF EMERGENCY AND PREIMPACT CONDITIONS, PARTICULARLY OF SINGLE VEHICLE ACCIDENTS. A MODEL OF THE DRIVER WAS COMBINED WITH AN EXISTING VEHICLE MODEL TO PERMIT COMPARISONS OF SIMULATED RESPONSES WITH EXPERIMENTS INVOLVING MANEUVERS AT OR NEAR THE UPPER LIMITS OF VEHICLE AND DRIVER CONTROL. SPECIFIC INPUT PARAMETER VALUES AND RANGES HAVE YET TO BE DETERMINED, HOWEVER, APPROXIMATE VALUES HAVE BEEN OBTAINED BY QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS. PRELIMINARY TESTS WERE MADE TO DETERMINE IF THE MODEL BEHAVED IN A "REASONABLE" MANNER RESULTS WERE: (1) IN THE EMERGENCY LANE CHANGE MODE INCREASING THE NUMBER OF SAMPLE POINTS ALONG THE PROJECTED PATH UP TO A MAXIMUM OF SEVEN CAUSED SMOOTHING OF MODEL OUTPUT AND VARYING THE CONTROL GAIN DEMONSTRATED ALL REGIONS OF STABILITY. (2) IN THE SPEED CHANGE AND SPEED MAINTENANCE MODES, THERE WERE DISCREPANCIES BETWEEN DESIRED DISTANCES AND ACTUAL DISTANCES FOR BOTH ACCELERATIONS AND DECELERA- TIONS. (3) INCREASES IN VEHICLE SLIP ANGLE AND YAW VELOCITY DURING BRAKING IN A TURNING MANEUVER WERE NOT SUFFICIENT TO INDUCE SKIDDING; THEREFORE THE DRIVER MODEL WAS NOT EXERCISED FOR THE SKID RECOVERY MODE. /AUTHOR/ KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Behavior KW - Control KW - Deceleration KW - Distance KW - Driver control KW - Drivers KW - Emergencies KW - Forecasting KW - Lanes KW - Mathematical models KW - Qualitative analysis KW - Simulation KW - Single vehicle crashes KW - Slip angle KW - Slip surfaces KW - Speed change lanes KW - Traffic lanes KW - Vehicles KW - Velocity KW - Yaw UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108827 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00224962 AU - Sperry Rand Corporation AU - Dist of Columbia Dept Hwys & Traffic AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ADVANCED CONTROL TECHNOLOGY IN URBAN TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS. ENHANCED UTCS/BPS SYSTEM PROGRAMMING SPECIFICATIONS PY - 1970/10 VL - 2b AB - THE PROGRAMMING SPECIFICATIONS DEFINE THE BASIC REAL-TIME FUNCTIONS OF THE DIGITAL COMPUTER AS AN ELEMENT OF A TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM INCLUDING THE ORGANIZATION OF THE COMPUTER'S FUNCTIONS AND THE GENERAL CONTENT AND STRUCTURE OF THE SPECIFICATION FOR THE INDIVIDUAL ROUTINES. THE SPECIFICATIONS ARE WRITTEN IN SUFFICIENT DETAIL TO DEFINE ALL FUNCTIONS, FORMATS, AND OPERATING PROCEDURES. HOWEVER, ADDITIONAL DETAILS ARE SUPPLIED FOR CRITICAL ROUTINES AND FOR THOSE ROUTINES THAT REQUIRE MORE INFORMATION FOR AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE TECHNIQUE. THE SPECIFICATIONS FOR EACH ROUTINE INCLUDE A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONS OF THE ROUTINE, THE FREQUENCY WITH WHICH IT IS ENTERED, A LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH THE ROUTINE (INCLUDING THEIR INITIAL CONDITIONS), A CROSS-REFERENCE DEFINING ITS RELATION TO OTHER ROUTINES, AND A FLOW CHART. THE FLOW CHART ILLUSTRATES THE LOGICAL SEQUENCE MADE IN IMPLEMENTING THEM. THE EQUATIONS SOLVED, THE TIMING SEQUENCES MAINTAINED, AND THE INPUT/OUTPUT PERFORMED ARE ALL SHOWN ON THE FLOW CHARTS. INCLUDED IS THE ALGORITHM TO ESTIMATE THE COST OF DELAYS AND STOPS. THIS IS DONE BY AN EMPIRICAL CONSTANT AND VEHICLE OCCUPANCY. ALSO A FLOW CHART FOR THE COMPUTER ROUTINE FOR COMPUTATION OF STOPS WAS ADDED. /FHWA/ KW - Algorithms KW - Computer programs KW - Digital computers KW - Information processing KW - Real time control KW - Real time systems KW - Specifications KW - Stopped time delays KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control systems KW - Traffic delays UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/114818 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00210453 AU - Burt, W T AU - Gueho, B J AU - Louisiana Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AIR POLLUTION FROM HOT MIX PLANTS PY - 1970/10 AB - THIS STUDY WAS UNDERTAKEN TO DETERMINE THE POLLUTION CAUSED BY HOT MIX PLANTS. IT WAS FOUND THAT NO PLANT OPERATING IN THE STATE CONSISTENTLY OPERATES WITHIN THE REGULATIONS ESTABLISHED BY THE LOUISIANNA AIR CONTROL COMMISSION WHILE MAINTAINING REASONABLE PRODUCTION. ALL PLANTS COULD IMPROVE THEIR PARTICULAR EMISSIONS THROUGH MORE CARE OF, AND CONCERN FOR THEIR, PRESENT EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES. ALMOST HALF OF THE POLLUTION CAUSED BY MOST PLANTS ORIGINATES FROM SOURCES OTHER THAN THE STACK. AIR POLLUTION FROM THESE SECONDARY SOURCES COULD BE SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED. THE STACK EMISSIONS SHOULD BE REDUCED BY THE USE OF WATER SCRUBBERS OR BAG COLLECTORS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Air pollution KW - Air quality management KW - Asphalt plants KW - Stack emissions KW - Stack gases UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/97800 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00219745 AU - MCHENRY, R R AU - Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory, Incorporated AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A PRELIMINARY ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE BRIG ROAD SAFETY EDGE CONCEPT PY - 1970/10 AB - THE BRIG ROAD SAFETY EDGE IS A DEPRESSED EDGE BETWEEN THE PAVEMENT AND THE ROADSIDE SHOULDER . THIS ANALYTICAL STUDY APPLIES A COMPUTER SIMULATION OF THE DYNAMICS OF SINGLE VEHICLE ACCIDENTS IN A PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF THE BRIG CONEPT. DUE TO THE TIME PERIOD AVAILABLE, THE INVESTIGATION WAS LIMITED IN THE NUMBER OF SIMULATION RUNS; FOUR WERE MADE FOR COMPARISON PURPOSES SIMULATING CONTACTS WITH A CONVENTIONAL CURB. DEVINITIONS ARE GIVEN OF THE REQUIRED PROGRAM MODIFICATIONS AND EXTENSIONS TO INCORPORATE GYROSCOPIC EFFECTS. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT THE PROPOSED BRIG ROAD EDGE WILL PRODUCE CORRECTIVE STEER EFFECTS ONLY UNDER EXTREMELY LIMITED CONDITIONS OF DEPARTURE FROM THE PAVEMENT AND THAT THE MECHANISM THROUGH WHICH THE EFFECTS ARE PRODUCED DIFFERS SUBSTANTIALLY FROM THAT DESCRIBED IN THE U. S. PATENT AND IN AN EARLIER ANALYSIS SUPPORTING THE PATENT CLAIMS. /FHWA/ KW - Computers KW - Curbs KW - Design KW - Edges KW - Gyroscopes KW - Highway safety KW - Pavements KW - Road shoulders KW - Simulation KW - Single vehicle crashes KW - Steering wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108826 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00215938 AU - Rizenbergs, R L AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Kentucky Department Highways TI - DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIFICATIONS FOR REFLEX-REFLECTIVE MATERIALS, JULY 1970 PY - 1970/10 AB - EVOLUTIONARY CHANGES IN HIGHWAY DESIGN, AUTOMOBILES AND RETRO-REFLECTIVE PRODUCTS PROMPTED KENTUCKY TO UNDERTAKE A STUDY TO UPDATE SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR SIGNING MATERIALS, DELINEATORS AND COATING COMPOUNDS. THE STUDY WAS PRIMARILY CONCERNED WITH GEOMETRIC RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE DRIVER, HEADLAMPS AND TRAFFIC SIGNS; INVESTIGATION OF REFLECTIVITY, COLOR, DURABILITY AND OTHER PROPERTIES OF AVAILABLE REFLECTIVE MATERIALS; ADOPTION OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE TESTING APPARATUS TO MEASURE MATERIAL PROPERTIES; AND DEVELOPMENT OF TEST PROCEDURES. A REVIEW OF SPECIFIC SIGN VIEWING CONDITIONS ON THE ROAD INDICATED THE APPROPRIATENESS OF REFLECTIVITY TESTING AT 0.5-DEGREES AND 0.2-DEGREES ANGLES OF DIVERGENCE. THESE ANGLES, HOWEVER, LIMIT EXAMINATION OF MATERIALS AT VIEWING DISTANCES IN EXCESS OF 300 FEET TO THE SIGN. SELECTION OF A MAXIMUM ANGLE OF INCIDENCE OF 30 DEGREES WAS FOUND TO BE MORE THAN ADEQUATE TO INSURE THE PERFORMANCE EVEN IN THE MOST EXTREME SITUATIONS OF SIGN VIEWING. AN ESNA REFLEX PHOTOMETER WAS FOUND TO BE AN ACCEPTABLE TOOL FOR REFLECTIVITY TESTING. THE ADOPTION OF THE DEVICE, HOWEVER, REQUIRED SUBSTITUTION OF ASSOCIATED INSTRUMENTATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TESTING PROCEDURES. THE DATA ON SOME COLOR MATERIALS COMPARED FAVORABLY AND ON OTHERS DIFFERED SIGNIFICANTLY, BUT THE DATA COULD BE CORRECTED TO YIELD COMPARABLE VALUES. COLOR REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMONLY USED SIGN SHEETING MATERIALS WERE DEFINED IN TERMS AT CIE CHROMATICITY COORDINATE LIMITS. A COLORIMETER WAS ACQUIRED TO SERVE AS A QUALITY CONTROL TOOL FOR SPECIFIC MATERIALS. TO ENHANCE NIGHTTIME REFLECTANCE OF HIGHWAY SIGNS UNDER WET CONDITIONS, SIGN MATERIALS WERE REQUIRED TO EXHIBIT SMOOTH, FLAT SURFACES. A GLOSSMETER WAS ADOPTED FOR TESTING SURFACE SHEEN OF MATERIALS TO INSURE THE DESIRED TEXTURE. ACCELERATED WEATHERING TESTS WERE CONDUCTED ON VARIOUS BRAND-NAME RETRO-REFLECTIVE MATERIALS. AN 800-HOUR WEATHEROMETER TEST WAS JUDGED TO BE SUFFICIENT FOR DURABILITY TESTING OF SIGN SHEETING AND COATING COMPOUNDS AND THAT THEY SHOULD RETAIN 80% OF MINIMUM SPECIFIED REFLECTIVITY. A REVISED SPECIFICATION FOR REFLEX-REFLECTIVE MATERIALS WAS PREPARED. /AUTHOR/ KW - Accelerated weathering KW - Color KW - Colorimetry KW - Delineators (Traffic) KW - Durability KW - Glass beads KW - Highway delineators KW - Measuring instruments KW - Performance based specifications KW - Photometry KW - Reflective beads KW - Reflective signs KW - Reflectivity KW - Reflectorized materials KW - Reflectorized paint KW - Road marking materials KW - Specifications KW - Test procedures KW - Testing equipment KW - Traffic marking materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108050 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00212099 AU - Berry, P F AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Nuclear-chicago Corp, Des Plaines Ill AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RADIOISOTOPE X-AND GAMMA-RAY METHODS FOR FIELD ANALYSIS OF WET CONCRETE QUALITY-PHASE II, INSTRUMENT DESIGN AND OPERATION PY - 1970/09/30 AB - THE RESULTS OF AN INITIAL FEASIBILITY STUDY, (COVERED IN DETAIL BY AN EARLIER REPORT ARE REVIEWED, AND THE DESIGN AND OPERATION OF A PROTOTYPE INSTRUMENT FOR THE FIELD DETERMINATION OF CEMENT IN WET (PLASTIC) PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE ARE DESCRIBED. GAMMA-RAY SCATTERING TECHNIQUES ARE USED IN A PROBE OF SUBMERSIBLE DESIGN. TWO RADIOISOTOPE SOURCES ARE EMPLOYED WITH A SINGLE SCINTILLATION COUNTER DETECTOR. THE ELECTRONIC UNIT SIMULTANEOUSLY REGISTERS THE TWO INTENSITIES AND THE CEMENT CONTENT IS INTERPRETED FROM A CALIBRATION CURVE. THE MEASUREMENT IS COMPENSATED FOR BULK DENSITY AND WATER CONTENT VARIATION AND IS INSENSITIVE TO AGGREGATE PARTICLE SIZE. COMPENSATION FOR AGGREGATE TYPE IS DISCUSSED. THE INSTRUMENT IS PORTABLE, RUGGED AND SIMPLE TO OPERATE. THE METHOD APPEARS SOUND FOR CONCRETE MIXES CONTAINING AGGREGATES WHICH ARE PREDOMINANTLY SILICEOUS IN NATURE. ALTHOUGH APPLICABLE TO AGGREGATE MIXES WHICH CONTAIN SOME LIMESTONE, ACCURACY DECLINES RAPIDLY WITH INCREASING LIMESTONE CONTENT AS A RESULT OF THE REDUCTION IN THE INTRINSIC, SENSITIVITY TO CEMENT FACTOR AND THE INCREASE IN THE BULK DENSITY INFLUENCE. /AUTHOR/ KW - Aggregates KW - Concrete KW - Field investigations KW - Field studies KW - Gamma rays KW - Polymer concrete KW - Quality KW - Quality control KW - Wet analysis KW - X ray analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/98493 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01454454 AU - Sisiliano, William J AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A Regional Approach to Highway Soils Considerations in Indiana: Informational Report PY - 1970/09/15 SP - 252p AB - The purpose of this study is to show that a Regional or Physiographic Sub-Division Approach can be effectively used in preliminary studies and investigations to predict the general soil and rock environment and to provide significant insight into the kinds of problems to be anticipated in the design and construction of a modern highway facility. A further goal is to indicate how the approach can be integrated into the present Indiana State Highway Commission's standards, policies and procedures for performance of roadway Soil Surveys. In addition to the generalizations possible at the physiographic unit level, variability of soil characteristics was assessed for selected landforms within one unit. The objective was to ascertain the variability of soil conditions within a landform and to frame correlative equations for selected soil characteristics for the landform unit. KW - Engineering soils KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - Highway design KW - Highway location KW - Highway planning KW - Location KW - Physiography KW - Soil conditions UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314519 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219100 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00149587 AU - Normann, J M AU - Bossy, H G AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HYDRAULIC FLOW RESISTANCE FACTORS FOR CORRUGATED METAL CONDUITS PY - 1970/09 SP - 48 p. AB - Experimental determinations have shown that the resistance factors for conduits manufactured of corrugated metal vary over a wide range for each of the different corrugation forms now availabe. Hydraulic design procedures require a relible determination of the resistance factor applicable to each specific form. Methods are developed, using all available data, whereby such resistance factors can be determined within close tolerances in terms of either the Darcy f or the Manning n. Variables considered include conduit size and shape, corrugation form, flow rate, and flow depth. Design charts and geometric tables are presented for the commonly available conduits of five corrugation forms, and examples illustrating use of the charts and procedures are given. /FHWA/ KW - Conduits KW - Corrugated metals KW - Darcy's law KW - Flow KW - Flow rate KW - Flow resistance KW - Hydraulics KW - Manning requirements KW - Tolerances KW - Tolerances (Engineering) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/64849 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130854 AU - Young, G W AU - Taylor, R S AU - Costello, L S AU - Water Resources Engineers, Incorporated TI - EVALUATION OF THE FLOOD RISK FACTOR IN THE DESIGN OF BOX CULVERTS. VOL. 1 THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENT PY - 1970/09 VL - 1 AB - No Abstract. KW - Box culverts KW - Floods KW - Hazards KW - Risk assessment KW - Theory UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/11000/11100/11195/009472.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/46000/46500/46524/FHWA-RD-74-11.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/33831 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00208118 AU - Culver, C AU - Mozer, J AU - Carnegie Mellon University TI - STABILITY OF CURVED BOX GIRDERS -B1 PY - 1970/09 SP - 128 p. AB - THE RESULTS OF A SERIES OF STATIC TESTS ON HORIZONTALLY CURVED BOX GIRDERS IS PRESENTED. A TOTAL OF SIX BOX GIRDERS WERE TESTED IN ORDER TO EVALUATE THE LOCAL BUCKLING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMPRESSION FLANGE AND OBTAIN PRELIMINARY INFORMATION ON THE BEHAVIOR OF CURVED WEB PANELS. BOTH UNSTIFFENED AND LONGITUDINALLY STIFFENED COMPRESSION FLANGES WERE INCLUDED IN THE TEST PROGRAM. TWO GIRDERS WITH TRAPEZOIDAL CROSS SECTION (SLOPING WEBS) AND FOUR GIRDERS WITH RECTANGULAR CROSS SECTION WERE TESTED. THE OVERALL LOAD-DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SPECIMENS, THE STRESS DISTRIBUTION OVER THE CROSS SECTION, LOCAL BUCKLING OF THE FLANGES, DISTORTION OF THE CROSS SECTION AND THE BEHAVIOR OF THE WEBS IS DISCUSSED. THE TEST RESULTS ARE INTERPRETED AND COMPARED WITH PREVIOUS TESTS OF STRAIGHT GIRDERS AND ANALYTICAL STUDIES OF THE BUCKLING BEHAVIOR OF CURVED GIRDERS. /FHWA/ KW - Box girders KW - Buckling KW - Curved steel girders KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Deformation KW - Deformation curve KW - Flanges KW - Girders KW - Static tests KW - Webbing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96832 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239751 AU - Wynn, F AU - Smislova, A AU - Bolduc, P AU - GEORGE, V AU - McCarthy, J AU - Dubose, C AU - Burns, T AU - Schermer, G AU - Smith, Wilbur & Associates AU - Connecticut Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-84 ENVIRONMENTAL AND JOINT-USE STUDY, HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT PY - 1970/09 AB - NEARLY 100 ACRES OF LAND, OCCUPIED ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY BY I-84 WITHIN HARTFORD HAVE BEEN EXAMINED FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT POSSIBILITIES AND HAVE BEEN FOUND TO POSSESS MANY ATTRACTIONS. MANY LEGAL AND POLITICAL OBSTACLES HAVE BEEN CREATED OVER THE YEARS TO PROTECT HIGHWAYS; THESE WILL HAVE TO BE MODIFIED AND ADJUSTED TO GAIN FULL ADVANTAGE OF THE ECONOMIC PROMISE DISCLOSED BY THESE STUDIES. THE SELECTIVE APPLICATION OF JOINT DEVELOPMENT CAN IMPROVE THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF A MAJOR FREEWAY PASSING THROUGH THE CENTER OF A LARGE URBAN AREA. THE PRINCIPLES AND POTENTIALS DISCUSSED PROVIDE A FRAMEWORK FOR COORDINATED HIGHWAY AND LAND DEVELOPMENT PLANNING FOR OTHER KEY COMPONENTS OF METROPOLITAN HARTFORD'S FREEWAY SYSTEM. THE STUDY CONCLUDES THAT NECESSARY MOVEMENT CORRIDORS MUST BE PRESERVED, JOINT DEVELOPMENT MUST BE INCORPORATED INTO THE ROUTE SELECTION AND HIGHWAY DESIGN PROCESS, AND THE NEEDED INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTING PROPOSALS MUST BE ESTABLISHED. /FHWA/ KW - City planning KW - Freeways KW - Highway design KW - Highway planning KW - Joint development KW - Land use KW - Multiple purpose projects KW - Route choice KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131335 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00224975 AU - Serfling, R J AU - Shimi, I N AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A PROBABILISTIC APPROACH TO TRAFFIC PROBLEMS: PHASE II PY - 1970/09 AB - EIGHT REPORTS ARE DESCRIBED AND APPENDED RELATING TO (1) THE APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICAL TOOLS, INCLUDING STOCHASTIC POINT PROCESSES TO MODEL TRAFFIC FLOW, AND (2) THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MACROSCOPIC TRAFFIC MODEL TO DETERMINE THE CONCENTRATION AND VOLUME OF CARS AT EACH POINT ALONG A HIGHWAY UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS. CONTENTS: FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS FOR TRAFFIC FLOW MODELS, WITH APPLICATIONS. NON-POISSON MODELS FOR TRAFFIC FLOW, II. CONCENTRATION OF CARS IN A MACROSCOPIC STUDY OF TRAFFIC FLOW I (STEADY STATE). CONCENTRATION OF CARS IN A MACROSCOPIC STUDY OF TRAFFIC FLOW, II (TRANSIENT STATE). CONCENTRATION OF CARS ON A ROAD WITH NON-STATIONARY INFLOW AND OUTFLOW. THE VARIANCE FUNCTION OF THE ERLANG PROCESS. A MACROSCOPIC STUDY OF TRAFFIC FLOW. A CLASS OF STOCHASTIC POINT PROCESS MODELS FOR TRAFFIC FLOW. /AUTHOR/ KW - Mathematical models KW - Probability theory KW - Stochastic processes KW - Traffic KW - Traffic density KW - Traffic simulation KW - Traffic volume UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/114830 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00204638 AU - Hornbeck, P L AU - Massachusetts Transportation Commission AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - VISUAL VALUES FOR HIGHWAYS PY - 1970/09 AB - CHARACTERISTICS HAVING VISUAL AND ESTHETIC MERIT IN THE HIGHWAY ENVIRONMENT AND THE MANY POSSIBLE INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF THESE CHARACTERISTICS AS VARIABLES IN HIGHWAY PLANNING AND DESIGN WERE IDENTIFIED. TECHNIQUES WERE DEVISED TO IDENTIFY THE RELATIVE MERITS OF VISUAL CHARACTERISTICS AND TO PREDICT HOW THEY MIGHT IMPROVE DRIVER PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE. HIGHWAYS CAN THEN BE DESIGNED TO EMPHASIZE UNIQUE VISUAL CHARACTERISTICS AT DIFFERENT SITES. THIS ENABLES THE ECONOMIC USE OF LOCAL VISUAL INFORMATION AND DESIGN OPORTUNITIES AND ALSO INTRODUCES VISUAL INFORMATION RELEVANT TO THE DRIVER'S NEEDS IN SPECIFIC HIGHWAY SITUATIONS. A METHODOLOGY IS INDICATED WHICH AIDS IN THE APPRAISAL AND INTERPRETATION OF ESTHETIC VALUES IN CORRIDOR AND ROUTE LOCATION PROCEDURES. MEANS ARE ALSO PROVIDED FOR COMPARATIVE EVALUATION AND FOR IDENTIFICATION OF ALTERNATTE CHOICES RELATING QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE VARIABLES. THE METHODOLOGY WAS TESTED AND ILLUSTRATED BY CASE STUDY, USING AN EXISTING HIGHWAY (ROUTE 109, IN EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS) WHICH IS CURRENTLY PROPOSED FOR RELOCATION AND REDESIGN. ALL DATA WERE PREPARED FOR COMPUTER MANIPULATION AND SIMULATION, AND THEY ARE AVAILABLE USE IN FUTURE STUDY. /FHWA/ KW - Aesthetics KW - Design KW - Driver performance KW - Driver vision KW - Drivers KW - Environment KW - Highway design KW - Highway planning KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Information processing KW - Personnel performance KW - Redesign KW - Simulation KW - Vision KW - Visual perception UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/99185 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00219750 AU - Morgan, R R AU - Ashkar, B AU - Hankins, K D AU - Tutt, P R AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - 133-3F- THE DEGREE OF INFLUENCE OF CERTAIN FACTORS PERTAINING TO THE VEHICLE AND THE PAVEMENT ON TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS UNDER WET CONDITIONS PY - 1970/09 AB - IN COOPERATION WITH THE TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY, SOME 500 WET WEATHER ACCIDENTS WERE STUDIED AND DATA COLLECTED ON SEVERAL VEHICLE, PAVEMENT AND WEATHER VARIABLES. IT WAS FOUND THAT SMALL PAVEMENT TEXTURE, SMALL VEHICLE TREAD DEPTHS, LOW SURFACE FRICTION, HIGH VEHICLE SPEEDS AND HIGH VEHICLE TIRE PRESSURES WERE DOMINANT IN THE ACCIDENTS STUDIED. /AUTHOR/ KW - Friction KW - Moisture content KW - Pavements KW - Speed KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Texture KW - Tire treads KW - Tires KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicles KW - Weather KW - Wet conditions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108830 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00207990 AU - William, K J AU - Scordelis, A C AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - California Division of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR CELLULAR STRUCTURES OF ARBITRARY PLAN GEOMETRY PY - 1970/09 AB - A COMPUTER PROGRAM IS PRESENTED FOR THE ANALYSIS OF CELLULAR STRUCTURES OF CONSTANT DEPTH WITH ARBITRARY GEOMETRY IN PLAN VIEW. THE DEVELOPMENT IS BASED ON THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD AND USES TWO DIFFERENT ELEMENT TYPES DESIGNED TO CAPTURE THE MAIN BEHAVIOR OF DECK AND WEB COMPONENTS. THE STRUCTURE MAY BE SUBJECTED TO A VARIETY OF FORCE AND DISPLACEMENT BOUNDARY CONDITIONS, SUCH AS DISTRIBUTED DEAD AND LIVE-LOADS IN ADDITION TO CONCENTRATED NODAL LOADS AND PRESCRIBED NODAL DISPLACEMENTS. THE WELL ESTABLISHED DIRECT STIFFNESS METHOD IS USED FOR THE ELEMENT ASSEMBLY. AFTER SOLVING FOR THE UNKNOWN NODAL DISPLACEMENTS AND REACTIONS, INTERNAL FORCES ARE COMPUTED AT THE CENTER AND AT NODES OF DECK AND WEB ELEMENTS SELECTED BY THE USER. /AUTHOR/ KW - Boundary conditions KW - Boundary value problems KW - Bridge decks KW - Cellular structures KW - Computer programs KW - Finite element method KW - Finite elements KW - Internal forces KW - Live loads KW - Nodes KW - Nodes (Networks) KW - Static loads KW - Stiffness KW - Stiffness methods (Structural) KW - Webbing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/102750 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00217493 AU - Moore, W M AU - Britton, S C AU - Scrivner, F H AU - Texas A&M University, College Station AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A LABORATORY STUDY OF THE RELATION OF STRESS TO STRAIN FOR A CRUSHED LIMESTONE BASE MATERIAL; REPORT NO 99-5F PY - 1970/09 AB - A NEWLY DEVELOPED OPTICAL TRACKER MEASURING SYSTEM WAS USED FOR OBSERVING THE DYNAMIC DISPLACEMENT VECTOR AT POINTS ON THE PERIPHERY OF A COMPACTED TRIAXIAL TEST SPECIMEN OF WATER-BOUND GRANULAR MATERIAL SUBJECTED TO RAPID, REPETITIVE LOADING. THE MATERIAL WAS A CRUSHED LIMESTONE OF THE TYPE USED IN HIGHWAY PAVEMENTS. THE DISPLACEMENT DATA WERE CONVERTED TO COMPONENTS OF NORMAL STRAIN, AND A MATHEMATICAL MODEL WAS DEVELOPED THAT EXPRESSED EACH STRAIN COMPONENT AS A FUNCTION OF THE APPLIED STRESSES. THE MODEL CONTAINED A VARIABLE MODULUS DEPENDENT UPON BOTH THE LATERAL PRESSURE APPLIED TO THE SPECIMEN AND ITS STRESS HISTORY. /AUTHOR/ KW - Crushed limestone KW - Deformation curve KW - Dislocation (Geology) KW - Dynamic loads KW - Granular materials KW - Highway pavement KW - Lateral pressure KW - Layered system mechanics KW - Load transfer KW - Mathematical models KW - Modulus of elasticity KW - Normal strain KW - Normal stress KW - Optical tracking KW - Pavements KW - Stresses KW - Tracking systems KW - Triaxial shear tests KW - Triaxial stress KW - Vector analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108352 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00237226 AU - Lytton, R L AU - Watt, W G AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - 118-4. PREDICTION OF SWELLING IN EXPANSIVE CLAYS PY - 1970/09 AB - A METHOD OF PREDICTING VERTICAL SWELL IN ONE- AND TWO-DIMENSIONAL SOIL REGIONS IS PRESENTED. THE METHOD IS BASED ON THE ASSUMPTION THAT VOLUME CHANGE AT A POINT CAN BE DETERMINED WHEN A CHANGE IN MOISTURE CONTENT IS FOUND FOR THAT POINT. UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS, THIS ASSUMPTION IS STRICTLY VALID FOR THE ONE-DIMENSIONAL SOIL REGION. IT IS VERY NEARLY VALID IN A TWO-DIMENSIONAL CASE IF THE SHEAR MODULUS OF THE SOIL REMAINS SMALL. THE CONCENTRATION-DEPDENDENT PARABOLIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION FOR MOISTURE CHANGE IS SOLVED FOR EACH TIME STEP BY MEANS OF COMPUTER PROGRAMS. THE CHANGE OF MOISUTRE CONTENT, TOGETHER WITH THE OVERBURDEN AND SURCHARGE PRESSURE AT A POINT, ARE USED IN THE PRESSURE VS. TOTAL SPECIFIC VOLUME VS. SPECIFIC WATER VOLUME RELATIONSHIP FOR THE SOIL AT THAT POINT TO PREDICT A LOCAL CHANGE OF VOLUME. INCREMENTAL VERTICAL COMPONENTS OF THE VOLUME CHANGE ARE ADDED IN EACH VERTICAL VALUES OF SWELL ARE COMPARED WITH FIELD MEASUREMENTS AND THE COLUMN TO PREDICT THE TOTAL HEAVE AT THE SURFACE. PREDICITED VALUES OF SWELL ARE COMPARED WITH FIELD MEASUREMENTS AND THE RESULTS ARE CONSIDERED EXCELLENT. /AUTHOR/ KW - Computer programs KW - Expansive clays KW - Forecasting KW - Road construction KW - Shear modulus KW - Soil water KW - Soils KW - Structural engineering KW - Swell KW - Swelling KW - Swelling soils KW - Volume changes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/125240 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00201230 AU - Jack Faucett Associates, Incorporated AU - Maryland State Roads Commission AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - METHODOLOGY FOR RELATING HIGHWAY INVESTMENT TO REGIONAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY PY - 1970/09 AB - THE RESEARCH CENTERS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF RELATIONSHIPS FOR PREDICTING CHANGES IN TRADE PARAMETERS AND ON A REVIEW OF THE BASIC STEPS USED IN REGIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT MODELS TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF HIGHWAY INVESTMENT. TRADE COEFFICIENTS DEVELOPED FROM PUBLISHED AND UNPUBLISHED DATA (1963 CENSUS OF TRANSPORTATION AND A SPECIAL TABULATION) ARE ANALYZED USING REGRESSION TECHNIQUES. IN ADDITION, THREE ALTERNATIVE INPUT-OUTPUT MODELS (CONSTANT REGIONAL IMPORTS, GRAVITY PARAMETER, AND REGIONAL) ARE DEMONSTRATED BY MEANS OF A HYPOTHETICAL NUMERICAL EXAMPLE TO SHOW HOW A PARTICULAR HIGHWAY INVESTMENT WILL AFFECT REGIONAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY. THE AUTHORS INDICATE THAT THE MULTIREGIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL IS APPLICABLE TO THE EVALUATION OF STIMULATION OF FINAL DEMAND AND CHANGES IN TRADE PATTERNS BUT IS NOT APPLICABLE TO ASSESSING CHANGES IN COSTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES. BASED ON THE RESULTS OF REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF THE EQUATIONS, THE AUTHORS CONCLUDE THAT THE VARIATION IN TRADE COEFFICIENTS IS LIMITED AS A MEANS OF PREDICTING THE EFFECT OF HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS ON TRADE PATTERNS. THE DISAPPOINTING RESULTS MIGHT BE EXPLAINED BY THE USE OF CROSS-SECTION DATA BECAUSE THERE IS LITTLE TIME-SERIES DATA AVAILABLE AT THIS TIME) AND BY THE USE OF A MACRO RATHER THAN A MICRO-LEVEL APPROACH. HOWEVER, THE EXTENSIVE RESULTS FROM THE REGRESSION ANALYSIS CAN BE OF HELP TO FURTHER RESEARCH. /FHWA/ KW - Economic impacts KW - Highways KW - Input output models KW - Investments KW - Regions KW - Regression analysis KW - Trade UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/91069 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00207974 AU - Sankey, F C AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LOADING HISTORY AND ITS EFFECTS ON HIGHWAY BRIDGES - PILOT STUDY PY - 1970/09 AB - THE MAGNITUDE OF LOAD, STRESS, AND IMPACT AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF LOADS ON A COMPOSITE STEEL BEAM BRIDGE BEARING REGULAR TRUCK TRAFFIC WERE STUDIED ON AN 8 BEAM BRIDGE CROSS SECTION BY EQUIPPING 5 BEAMS WITH STRAIN GAGES. IN THE PILOT STUDY, 23 TRUCKS WERE INVESTIGATED IN DETAIL. COMPARISON OF TEST DATA AND DESIGN VALUES FROM AASHO SPECIFICATIONS IS REPORTED. THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN STATIC AND DYNAMIC TRUCK RESULTS ARE NOTED. DISTRIBUTION FACTORS ARE COMPUTED FROM THE RATIOS OF INTERNAL MOMENT TO BEAM AND TOTAL EXTERNAL MOMENT. A MAXIMUM STRESS RANGE OF 2766 PSI WAS RECORDED, WHICH IS 40% OF THE DESIGN LIVE LOAD STRESS. A FINAL REPORT ON 1600 TRUCKS WILL BE PRODUCED LATER. /AUTHOR/ KW - Beams KW - Bridge dynamics KW - Bridges KW - Composite beams KW - Composite materials KW - Impacts KW - Load transfer KW - Loads KW - Stresses KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/102665 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00215941 AU - McMaster, R C AU - Libby, C C AU - Graff, K AU - Minchenko, H AU - Ohio State University, Columbus AU - Ohio Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF SONIC AND ULTRASONIC POWER DEVICES FOR APPLICATION IN HIGHWAY ENGINEERING-EXECUTIVE SUMMARY-FINAL REPORT PY - 1970/09 AB - AN 8-YEAR EFFORT HAS BEEN DIRECTED TOWARD INVENTION OF NEW EQUIPMENT AND PROCESSES TO DELIVER HIGH-ENERGY DENSITIES OF SONIC ENERGY AT A SELECTED WORK SURFACE AND TOWARD DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE ENERGY CONVERTERS OR TRANSDUCERS TO CONVERT ELECTRICAL ENERGY TO HIGH-FREQUENCY VIBRATION FOR THE PURPOSE OF PERFORMING WORK. APPLICATION STUDIES IN THE HIGHWAY FIELD, CHIEFLY OVER THE PAST TWO YEARS, HAVE BEEN BROAD RATHER THAN DEEP, I.E., COMMERCIAL PROTOTYPES HAVE NOT BEEN BUILT, AND SPECIFIC PROCESSES HAVE NOT BEEN INVESTIGATED TO DETERMINE THE SONIC PARAMETERS CONTROLLING AN OBSERVED BENEFIT OR THE MEANS OF OPTIMIZING THEM. THE MOST COMPLETE OF THE APPLICATION STUDIES IS THE USE OF HIGH- FREQUENCY, HIGH-POWER RESONANT TRANSDUCERS TO PROCESS CONCRETE AS IT IS BEING MIXED. A 200-300% INCREASE IN UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONVENTIONAL CONCRETE HAS BEEN REALIZED WITH THIS PROCESS. PROMISING AREAS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH IN HIGHWAY APPLICATIONS OF HIGH-POWER SONIC SYSTEMS ARE: (1) GROOVING HIGHWAYS WITH STEEL TOOL RATHER THAN DIAMOND WHEELS, (2) DRIVING FENCEPOSTS WITH LOW STATIC FORCE DEVICES, (3) REDUCING TO ONE-THIRD THE NORMAL FRICTION IN LAYING CONCRETE, E.G., WITH SLIP-FORM PAVERS, (4) DRILLING AND PENETRATING ROCK AND CONCRETE WITH STEEL TOOLS WITHOUT REQUIRING CUTTING EDGES ON THE TOOLS, (5) CRUSHING BRITTLE MATERIALS SUCH AS ROCK BY ECONOMICAL MEANS, (6) ROUGHENING THE SURFACE OF HIGHWAYS TO INCREASE FRICTION, (7) PLANING CONCRETE SURFACES TO REDUCE UNEVENNESS, AND OTHER APPLICATIONS IN MINING, TUNNELING, BLASTHOLE DRILLING, ETC.. KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete KW - Concrete mixing KW - Crushing KW - Cutting KW - Drilling KW - Friction KW - Highways KW - Pavement grooving KW - Pavements KW - Planing KW - Rocks KW - Roughness KW - Skid resistance KW - Sonic drilling KW - Sonics KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Texture KW - Ultrasonics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108053 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00215936 AU - Mainfort, R C AU - Michigan Department of State Highways AU - Bureau of Public Roads /US TI - DEVELOPMENT OF NUCLEAR METHODS FOR QUALITY CONTROL OF HIGHWAY EMBANKMENT CONSTRUCTION PY - 1970/09 AB - THE EXTENSIVE LABORATORY AND FIELD TESTING CONDUCTED IN AN EFFORT TO PROPERLY DESIGN, CALIBRATE, AND USE THE NUCLEAR METHOD FOR COMPACTION CONTROL IN MICHIGAN IS DESCRIBED. THE STUDY INCLUDES INVESTIGATION OF ALL BASIC METHODS OF USING NUCLEAR DENSITY GAGES: BACKSCATTER, DIRECT TRANSMISSION, AIR-GAP, AND DIRECT READING, AND RECORDING CHART READOUT TECHNIQUES. ALSO INCLUDED IS AN INVESTIGATION OF THE APPLICABILITY OF RANDOM SAMPLING AND STATISTICAL CONTROL OF COMPACTION. FIELD TESTING OF THE GAGE WAS PERFORMED BOTH UNDER CAREFULLY CONTROLLED CONDITIONS AND UNDER NORMAL FIELD CONDITIONS BY ASSIGNING GAGES DIRECTLY TO CONSTRUCTION PERSONNEL. THE BASIC CONCLUSIONS ARE: (1) ALTHOUGH THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF NUCLEAR RADIATION USED IN THE GAGES ARE SOUND, AS EVIDENCED BY RESULTS OF CAREFULLY CONTROLLED LABORATORY TESTS, THE GAGE HAS NOT BEEN SATISFACTORY WHEN USED UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS. THE PRIMARY PROBLEM APPEARS TO BE THE SENSITIVITY OF THE GAGE TO THE SURFACE LAYERS UPON WHICH IT IS PLACED. THIS NOT ONLY TENDS TO GIVE FALSE DENSITY MEASUREMENTS BUT CAN NEGATE ATTEMPTS TO OBTAIN BY CONVENTIONAL DENSITY MEASURING METHODS. SURFACE EFFECTS HAVE BEEN LESS APPARENT WHEN TESTING UNIFORM SANDS. (2) WHEN SPECIAL SURFACES WERE PREPARED FOR THE GAGES THE TIME REQUIRED PERTEST APPROACHED THAT REQUIRED FOR THE CONVENTIONAL TEST, NOW THAT THE SPEEDY MOISTURE METER IS USED IN THE LATTER METHOD. WITH LITTLE OR NO TIME SAVINGS, THE HIGH INITIAL AND OPERATING COST OF THE EQUIPMENT CANNOT BE JUSTIFIED. AND (3) EVEN WHEN USING NEW EQUIPMENT, CONSIDERABLE MAINTENANCE WAS REQUIRED RESULTING IN SERIOUS CONSTRUCTION DELAYS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Air gaps KW - Backscattering KW - Compaction KW - Construction KW - Embankments KW - Measuring instruments KW - Nuclear tests KW - Quality control KW - Randomization KW - Statistical quality control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108048 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01580319 AU - Krukar, Milan AU - Cook, John C AU - Washington State University, Pullman AU - Asphalt Institute AU - Washington State Highway Commission AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Pavement Research at the Washington State University Test Track. Volume 4, Experimental Ring No. 4: A Study of Untreated, Sand Asphalt, and Asphalt Concrete Bases PY - 1970/08 SP - 194p AB - Three different kinds of base material of varying base thicknesses were tested at the Washington State University Test Track on Ring #4 during the fall of 1968 and the spring of 1969. Twelve 18-ft test sections consisting of 4.5, 7.0, 9.5, and 12 in. of untreated crushed rock surfacing top course base; 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 in. of sand-asphalt base; and 0.0, 2.0, 3.5 and 5.0 in. of Class "F" asphalt concrete base, covered by a uniform 3.0-in. thick Class "B" asphalt concrete wearing course were tested during this period. The pavement structure was built on a clay-silt subgrade soil. Instrumentation consisted of moisture tensiometers, strain gages, pressure cells, Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) gages and thermocouples for measuring moisture, strain, stress, dynamic deflections and temperatures. Benkelman beam readings were taken. The testing revealed that the fall failure modes were different from the spring failures. The fall failure pattern started from transverse cracks in the thin sections which developed into alligator cracking patterns. These cracks appeared after a period of cold weather and heavy rains followed by a warming trend. Thermal and mechanical loads in conjunction with adverse environmental conditions during construction and prior to and during the fall testing period were believed to be responsible for the early fall failures on the thin sections. The spring failures were very rapid and sudden and were due to environmental factors which led to highly saturated subgrade, thus resulting in poor bearing capacity. Punching shear was the failure mode. The thickest sections survived without cracks but developed severe rutting. Comparison of the results with those obtained from Rings #3 and #4 show that they were similar in many respects. This indicates that the test track is capable of replicating results and is a reliable research instrument. Equivalencies were developed for the different materials. On this basis the Class "F" asphalt concrete base was superior to the sand-asphalt and untreated crushed rock bases i that order. Maximum values for static and dynamic deflections, strains and stresses for different times and temperatures were developed. The lateral position of the dual tires with respect to the gage severely affected the strain, stress and deflection values. Temperature also caused variations in the measurements. Spring instrument readings for static and dynamic deflections, strain ad stress show values as much as 2 to 4 times those obtained in the fall. Spring subgrade conditions probably were responsible for these differences. Ring #4 series operational time was half that of Ring #3 and about the same as Ring #2. Ring #4 sustained about a quarter of the wheel load applications of Ring #3. Construction and testing environmental conditions were inferior to those for Ring #3, although they were similar for Ring #2 and hence contributed to the lower test period. This points out that environmental factors are very important in pavement life. KW - Alligator cracking KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Asphalt treated bases KW - Asphaltic sand KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Circular test tracks KW - Crushed rock KW - Deflection KW - Environmental impacts KW - Failure analysis KW - Rutting KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Stresses KW - Thickness KW - Washington (State) UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/015.4.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1372774 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00219791 AU - Powell, G H AU - University of California, Berkeley TI - COMPUTER EVALUATION OF AUTOMOBILE BARRIER SYSTEMS PY - 1970/08 SP - 234 p. AB - COMPUTATIONAL PROCEDURES AND TWO COMPUTER PROGRAMS ARE PRESENTED FOR THE ANALYSIS OF AUTOMOBILES STRIKING DEFORMABLE PROTECTIVE BARRIERS. A LARGE DISPLACEMENT, INELASTIC, DYNAMIC STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS PROBLEM IS SOLVED. THE BARRIER IS IDEALIZED AS A PLANE FRAMEWORK MADE UP OF INELASTIC ONE-DIMENSIONAL ELEMENTS OF A VARIETY OF TYPES. THE AUTOMOBILE IS IDEALIZED AS A PLANE RIGID BODY SURROUNDED BY DISCRETE INELASTIC SPRINGS. THE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS PROBLEM IS SOLVED BY A STEP BY STEP METHOD. USER'S GUIDES FOR TWO COMPUTER PROGRAMS, IDENTIFIED AS BARRIER IV AND BARRIER V, ARE INCLUDED. BARRIER V DIFFERS FROM BARRIER IV IN BEING APPLICABLE TO BARRIERS WITH MORE THAN ONE ITERACTION INTERFACE. RESULTS FOR A VARIETY OF EXAMPLES ARE PRESENTED, INCLUDING SOME IN WHICH EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTED RESULTS ARE COMPARED. THE AGREEMENT IS QUITE CLOSE IN VIEW OF THE COMPLEXITY OF THE PROBLEM. /FHWA/ KW - Automobiles KW - Computer programs KW - Concrete placing KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Evaluation KW - Guides KW - Guides to information KW - Highway safety KW - Impact tests KW - Impervious membranes KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Shrinkage KW - Stiffness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/106385 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130726 AU - Munjal, P K AU - System Development Corporation TI - DIAMOND INTERCHANGE TRAFFIC CONTROL. VOL. 12. AN ANALYSIS OF DIAMOND INTERCHANGE SIGNALIZATION SN - 32E1-522 PY - 1970/08 SP - 63 p. AB - The report presents a systematic approach to the signalization of diamond interchanges. Attention is directed to signalization concepts which are applicable to the real-time control of diamond interchanges. A critical review of the phasing practices currently used for diamond interchanges is also provided. One of the principal products of this study is the identification of all the basic elements that make up a phasing pattern. After evaluating each phasing pattern developed, two preferred sets of phasing patterns are identified. A pair of typical diamond interchange phasing patterns from the field are described for the two different preferable situations. Applicability of the above phasing concepts to the real-time control of diamond interchanges is also discussed. KW - Computer programs KW - Diamond interchanges KW - Phase control KW - Real time control KW - Real-time systems KW - Signalized intersections KW - Traffic signal controllers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32334 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00225021 AU - Makigami, Y AU - Woodie, L AU - May, A D AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - California Division of Highways TI - BAY AREA FREEWAY OPERATIONS STUDY-FINAL REPORT; ANALYTIC TECHNIQUES FOR EVALUATING FREEWAY IMPROVEMENTS-PART I OF III: THE FREEWAY MODEL PY - 1970/08 SP - 134 p. AB - THIS PAPER DESCRIBES A FREEWAY MODEL. CHAPTER II IS DEVOTED TO DESCRIBING THE MODEL STRUCTURE AND THE SIMPLIFYING ASSUMPTIONS MADE CONCERNING TRAFFIC AND FREEWAY CHARACTERISTICS. CHAPTER III GIVES A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE OPERATION OF THE COMPUTER PROGRAM AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR PREPARING INPUT DATA. CHAPTER IV CONTAINS THE WORK WHICH WAS DONE TO VERIFY THAT THE COMPUTER PROGRAM WAS OPERATING AS DESIRED. CHAPTER V DISCUSSES SUGGESTED PROCEDURES WHICH WERE ACTUALLY USED IN APPLYING THE COMPLETED FREEWAY MODEL TO A PARTICULAR SECTION OF FREEWAY. FINALLY, CHAPTER VI CONTAINS A LIST OF THE LIMITATIONS OF THE MODEL, INCLUDING BOTH CASES WHERE THE MODEL RESULTS SHOULD BE QUESTIONED AND CASES WHERE POSSIBLY USEFUL FEATURES OF THE MODEL WERE NOT INCLUDED. /FHWA/ KW - Freeway design models KW - Freeway operations KW - Freeways KW - Highway design KW - Traffic simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112766 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00225022 AU - Allen, B L AU - May, A D AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - California Division of Highways TI - BAY AREA FREEWAY OPERATIONS STUDY-FINAL REPORT; ANALYTIC TECHNIQUES FOR EVALUATING FREEWAY IMPROVEMENTS- PART II OF III - ON THE SAN FRANCISCO-OAKLAND BAY BRIDGE PY - 1970/08 SP - 98 p. AB - THIS REPORT DOCUMENTS PROCEDURES DEVELOPED AND RESULTS OBTAINED FROM THE EVALUATION OF VARIOUS IMPROVEMENT PLANS DESIGNED TO IMPROVE TRAFFIC FLOW CONDITIONS ON THE EASTBOUND SAN FRANCISCO-OAKLAND BAY BRIDGE. A BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE MORE SIGNIFICANT RESULTS IS PRESENTED IN CHAPTER II. CHAPTER III CONTAINS BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE VARIOUS STUDIES WHICH WERE CONDUCTED TO ACCUMULATE NECESSARY DATA. THE ANALYTIC TECHNIQUES EMPLOYED TO ANALYZE THESE DATA ARE DESCRIBED IN CHAPTER IV. A FEASIBLE SUBSET OF IMPROVEMENT PLANS WAS SELECTED FROM THE SET OF ALL POSSIBLE PLANS, AND ONLY THOSE CHOSEN WERE INVESTIGATED FURTHER. CHAPTER V CONTAINS A GENERAL DISCUSSION OF THE PLANS CHOSEN, AND THE RESULTS OF PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE EFFECT OF THESE PLANS ARE PRESENTED IN CHAPTER VI. DETAILED QUATITA- TIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCUSSIONS OF EACH PLAN EVALUATED ARE CONTAINED IN CHAPTER VII. SEVERAL APPENDICES CONTAIN TECHNICAL DETAILS. /FHWA/ KW - Freeway operations KW - Traffic flow UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112767 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00222600 AU - MCHENRY, R R AU - DeLeys, N J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AUTOMOBILE DYNAMICS - A COMPUTER SIMULATION OF THREE DIMENSIONAL MOTIONS FOR USE IN STUDIES OF BRAKING SYSTEMS AND OF THE DRIVING TASK PY - 1970/08 AB - THIS SIMULATION IS A SPECIALIZED VERSION OF THE EARLIER DEVELOPMENT DESCRIBED IN CORNELL AERONAUTICAL LABORATORY REPORT NO. VJ-2251-V-3, DECEMBER 1968, AND INCLUDES THE UPPER LIMITS OF CONTROL AS WELL AS THE LINEAR RANGES OF OPERATION. THIS VERSION INCORPORATES REFINEMENTS AND EXTENSIONS TO THE EARLIER DEVELOPMENT IN TERMS OF THE ANALYTICAL TREATMENTS OF TIRE FORCES, SUSPENSION PROPERTIES AND TERRAIN DEFINITIONS. ADDITIONALLY ANALYTICAL REPRESENTATIONS OF THE BRAKING SYSTEM AND THE DRIVE LINE AND APPROXIMATIONS OF ROLLING RESISTANCE AND AERODYNAMIC DRAG HAVE BEEN INTRODUCED. SPRUNG MASS IMPACT ASPECTS, WHICH WERE IN THE EARLIER SIMULATION, HAVE BEEN REMOVED FROM THIS SPECIALIZED VERSION OF THE MODEL. THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND PRESENTS DETAILED ANALYSIS, EQUATIONS AND LOGIC ARE DESCRIBED. SAMPLE OUTPUTS OF THE MODIFIED COMPUTER PROGRAM ARE ALSO PRESENTED AND DISCUSSED. A RIGOROUS VALIDATION STUDY WILL BE PERFORMED. RESPONSE PREDICTIONS OBTAINED WITH THIS SIMULATION HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO BE IN GROSS AGREEMENT WITH EXPERIMENTAL DATA. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT UNDER REALISTIC OPERATING CONDITIONS THE COMPUTER SIMULATION THAT HAS BEEN DEVELOPED IS ADAPTABLE TO STUDIES OF THE PERFORMANCE OF BRAKING SYSTEMS AND OF THE DRIVING TASK. /FHWA/ KW - Aerodynamics KW - Automobiles KW - Brakes KW - Computers KW - Drag KW - Driving KW - Dynamics KW - Force KW - Mathematical models KW - Motion KW - Resistance KW - Rolling KW - Simulation KW - Suspensions KW - Terrain KW - Three dimensional KW - Tires UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/114299 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00215949 AU - Munse, W H AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FINAL REPORT ON RIVETED AND BOLTED STRUCTURAL JOINTS PY - 1970/08 AB - THIS REPORT PRESENTS A BRIEF SUMMARY OF THESE STUDIES IN THE GUOTES OR ABSTRACTS FROM THE PUBLISHED PAPERS. THE PAPERS THEMSELVES MUST BE EXAMINED FOR THE DETAILS OF THE INVESTIGATIONS. FINALLY, A BRIEF SUMMARY IS PRESENTED OF THE APPLICATIONS OF THE RESEARCH IN THE DESIGN AND DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS FOR RIVETED AND BOLTED STRUCTURES. /AUTHOR/ KW - Bolted connectors KW - Bolts KW - Design KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Riveted joints KW - Rivets KW - Specifications KW - Structural bolts KW - Structural materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108059 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00207979 AU - Russell, J E AU - South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City AU - South Dakota Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CROSS-BENDING OF CURVED COMPRESSION FLANGES IN FISH-BELLY HAUNCHED PLATE GIRDERS PY - 1970/08 AB - A FIELD METHOD FOR DETERMINING MAGNITUDE OF CROSS-BENDING STRESSES ON BRIDGES WITH AN OLDER RELATIVELY SHORT RADIUS CIRCULAR ARC HAUNCH AND A NEWER LONGER RADIUS OF CURVATURE PARABOLIC HAUNCH IS REPORTED. A FIELD STUDY, AND A LABORATORY STUDY OF MODELS OF THE HAUNCHED REGIONS, WERE CONDUCTED. THE ST. PATRICK STREET OVERPASS OF I-90 AND THE BRIDGE OVER NORTH WILLOW CREEK ON S.D.-79 WERE SELECTED. BOTH ARE COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION AND HAVE 48-INCH DEEP WEB PLATES IN THE HAUNCHED REGION, AND WERE DESIGNED FOR H20-S16 LOADING ACCORDING TO AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY OFFICIALS SPECIFICATIONS. THE TEST TRUCK WAS PLACED AT THE CRITICAL POSITION AND THEN MOVED TO POSITIONS ON BOTH SIDES OF THE THEORETICAL CRITICAL POINT. THE PROCEDURE WAS REPEATED WITH THE VEHICLE IN THE ADJACENT SPAN AND ADJACENT LANE. ONLY STATIC LOADING WAS CONSIDERED. IN THE LABORATORY, SIX PARTIALLY FULL SCALE GIRDER MODELS WERE TESTED TO FAILURE; THREE WERE OF THE OLDER DESIGN AND THREE WERE OF THE NEWER HAUNCH DESIGN. THE JACKING FORCE WAS SUPPLIED BY A 200-TON CAPACITY 8 INCH STROKE HYDRAULIC JACK. THE DIMENSIONS OF THE MODELS WERE IDENTICAL TO THOSE OF THE INTERIOR GIRDERS OF THE FIELD TESTED BRIDGES EXCEPT FOR LENGTH. THE LABORATORY MODELS WERE FABRICATED FROM ASTM-A36 STEEL CONFORMING WITH THE MATERIAL USED IN THE FIELD, AND THE INSTRUMENTS WERE THE SAME AS THOSE USED IN THE FIELD. IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT CROSSBENDING OF CURVED COMPRESSION FLANGES OF HAUNCHED PLATE GIRDERS EXISTED UNDER FIELD AND LABORATORY CONDITIONS. LOCALIZED YIELDING BEGINS AT A LOWER LOAD IN THE SHORTER RADIUS CIRCULAR ARC HAUNCH THAN IN THE LONGER RADIUS PARABOLIC HAUNCH. THE HAUNCH TYPE DID NOT INFLUENCE THE CARRYING CAPACITY OF THE GIRDER MODELS. /FHWA/ KW - Beams KW - Bending stress KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge dynamics KW - Bridge spans KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Bridges KW - Composite beams KW - Composite materials KW - Compression KW - Curved compression flanges KW - Curved steel girders KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Failure KW - Field tests KW - Flanges KW - Girder bridges KW - Girders KW - Hydraulic jacks KW - Laboratory tests KW - Load tests KW - Model tests KW - Plate bearing test KW - Plate girders KW - Static loading KW - Static loads KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/102691 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00222598 AU - Young, R D AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A THREE-DIMENSIONAL MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF AN AUTOMOBILE PASSENGER PY - 1970/08 AB - AN ANALYTICAL MODEL HAS BEEN DEVELOPED THAT PREDICTS THE RESPONSE OF AN AUTOMOBILE PASSENGER DURING VEHICLE MOTION OF A GENERAL NATURE, I.E., A THREE-DIMENSIONAL PATH INCLUDING SIMULTANEOUS ROTATIONS ABOUT THE THREE DIRECTIONS.THIS MODEL REDUCES THE PROBLEM OF PREDICTING THE ACCELERATIONS AND FORCES ACTING ON A PASSENGER DURING A COLLISION OR VIOLENT MANEUVER TO THAT OF SPECIFYING THE PATH OF THE VEHICLE AS A FUNCTION OF TIME PLUS THE DEFORMATION PROPERTIES OF THE VEHICLE INTERIOR. THE VEHICLE OCCUPANT IS DEFINED MATHEMATICALLY IN THREE-DIMENSIONS AS AN INDEPENDENT SYSTEM WHICH IS THEN PLACED INSIDE THE VEHICLE BUT NOT CONNECTED TO IT. THE VEHICLE INTERIOR CONTAINS THE PASSENGER WITHIN ITS BOUNDARIES BY APPLYING CONTACT FORCES WHILE THE VEHICLE MOVES THROUGH SPACE. THE VEHICLE INTERIOR IS IDEALIZED WITH 25 PLANAR SURFACES AND INCLUDES LAP AND TORSO RESTRAINT BELTS. THE GEOMETRY OF THE VEHICLE OCCUPANT IS IDEALIZED BY 12 RIGID MASS SEGMENTS INTERCONNECTED IN A PATTERN WHICH REFLECTS THE ARTICULATED NATURE OF THE HUMAN BODY. THIS SYSTEM HAS 31 DEGREES OF FREEDOM WHICH CORRESPOND TO THE SET OF GENERALIZED COORDINATES USED IN LAGRANGE'S EQUATIONS OF MOTION. THESE EQUATIONS ARE SOLVED NUMERICALLY WITH THE AID OF THE IBM 360/65 COMPUTER. "SPINAL ELASTICITY" IS SIMULATED WITH ROTATIONAL SPRINGS IN THE BACK JOINTS OF THE ARTICULATED BODY. AND "MUSCLE TONE" IS SIMULATED WITH ROTATIONAL VISCOUS DAMPERS IN EVERY BODY JOINT. VALIDATION OF THE MODEL HAS BEEN ACHIEVED FOR FRONTAL COLLISIONS. THE MODEL'S PREDICTED RESPONSE OF A DUMMY ON A TEST CART COMPARED WELL WITH ACTUAL TEST DATA. BOTH RESTRAINED AND UNRESTRAINED CONDITIONS WERE ANALYZED. THERE WERE TWO RESTRAINED CONDITIONS: (1) LAP BELT ONLY AND (2) LAP AND TORSO BELT. THE MODEL PROVIDES THE HIGHWAY ENGINEER WITH A TOOL WHICH WILL ENABLE HIM TO APPLY BIOMECHANICS DATA ON HUMAN TOLERANCE LIMITS TO THE PROBLEM OF MODIFYING ROADSIDE STRUCTURES SUCH THAT OCCUPANT INJURIES DURING VEHICLE ACCIDENTS CAN BE REDUCED. /FHWA/ KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Force KW - Information processing KW - Manual safety belts KW - Mathematical models KW - Motor vehicles KW - Research KW - Time dependence KW - Time dependent functions KW - Vehicle occupants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/114298 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00212090 AU - Li, S T AU - Ramakrishnan, V AU - South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City AU - South Dakota Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GAP-GRADED VS CONTINUOUSLY-GRADED AIR-ENTRAINED CONCRETE FOR HIGHWAY FACILITIES PY - 1970/08 AB - A SUMMARY REPORT IS PRESENTED OF A COMPREHENSIVE RESEARCH PROJECT TO INVESTIGATE THE VARIOUS PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GAP-GRADED CONCRETE VERSUS CONTINUOUSLY-GRADED CONCRETE. THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY WERE TO DETERMINE THE OPTIMUM PROPORTIONING OF GAP-GRADED AIR-ENTRAINED CONCRETE WHICH IS PRACTICAL FROM THE VIEW-POINTS OF WORKABILITY AND FINISHABILITY, TO COMPARE THE FINISHABILITY OF GAP-GRADED VERSUS CONTINUOUSLY-GRADED CONCRETE, AND TO DETERMINE SUCH PROPERTIES AS COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, ELASTIC MODULUS, SHRINKAGE, AND CREEP. /FHWA/ KW - Air entrained concrete KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete KW - Concrete properties KW - Concrete structures KW - Creep KW - Entrained air KW - Gap grading KW - Grading KW - Grading (Earthwork) KW - Modulus of elasticity KW - Physical properties KW - Shrinkage KW - Workability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/98476 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00233730 AU - Haliburton, T A AU - Oklahoma State University, Stillwater AU - Oklahoma Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SUBGRADE MOISTURE VARIATIONS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1970/08 AB - THE FINDINGS OF A SIX-YEAR STUDY TO RELATE SUBGRADE MOISTURE VARIATIONS TO SOIL, CLIMATE, AND PAVEMENT CONDITIONS ARE REPORTED ALONG WITH DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVING OKLAHOMA PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE. SUBGRADE MOISTURE CONTENTS TENDED TO INCREASE TO APPROXIMATELY 1.1 TO 1.3 TIMES THE P.L.. SEASONAL VARIATIONS WERE MORE PRONOUNCED UNDER PERVIOUS PAVEMENTS. PROBLEMS OCCURRED MAINLY IN FILL AND TRANSITION SECTIONS BECAUSE OF THE EXPOSURE AT THE SHOULDERS. LOSS OF SUBGRADE SUPPORT AND EXCESSIVE PAVEMENT DEFLECTIONS AND CRACKING WERE THE MOST APPARENT RESULTS OF THE INCREASED MOISTURE CONTENT. VERTICAL HEAVE OVER THE EXPANSIVE CLAY WAS RELATIVELY INSIGNIFICANT, BUT LATERAL SUBGRADE EXPANSION, UP TO FIVE INCHES, CAUSED PAVEMENT CRACKING AND LED TO RAPID PAVEMENT DETERIORATION. TO MINIMIZE SUBGRADE MOISTURE VARIATIONS, THE DESIGN SHOULD INCLUDE IMPERVIOUS PAVEMENTS WITH EIGHT-FOOT PAVED SHOULDERS ON EACH SIDE OF THE RIDING SURFACE. IT SHOULD ALSO REQUIRE GOOD SURFACE DRAINAGE IN THE MEDIAN AS WELL AS ALONG THE OUTSIDE OF THE PAVEMENT. /AUTHOR/ KW - Climate KW - Defects KW - Drainage KW - Impervious soils KW - Moisture content KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Pervious soils KW - Road shoulders KW - Seasonal variations KW - Seasons KW - Soil water KW - Soils KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Subgrade moisture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/124674 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00210446 AU - Jimenez, R A AU - Kriegh, J D AU - University of Arizona, Tucson AU - University of Arizona, Tucson AU - Arizona Highway Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SETTING AND DURABILITY OF ASPHALT EMULSIONS PY - 1970/08 AB - THE RESEARCH HAS BEEN DIRECTED TOWARDS OBTAINING INFORMATION ON SETTING, TENACITY, AND DURABILITY OF ASPHALT EMULSIONS AND THEIR RESIDUES. NINE EMULSIONS AND FOUR OF THEIR BASE ASPHALTS WERE INCLUDED. THE BREAKDOWN OF EMULSION TYPE IS AS FOLLOWS: (1) 5-CATIONICS USED PRIMARILY FOR CHIP SEALS, (2) 3-RS-2'S USED PRIMARILY FOR TACKING ON FLUSH COATING, AND (3) 1-SS-1H USED FOR SLURRY SEALS. SETTING OR DRYING TIME OF THE EMULSIONS WAS DETERMINED USING A SCRATCH TYPE OF TEST. TENACITY TESTS GAVE A MEASURE OF TENSILE FORCE REQUIRED TO PULL-OUT THE COVER STONES ON A LABORATORY CONSTRUCTED CHIP SEAL. AGING OF THE RESIDUES AND BASE ASPHALTS WERE EFFECTED BY THE SHELL AND ALSO ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN TEST. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT THE GREATEST DIFFERENCES AMONG THE EMULSIONS WERE IN VISCOSITY OF THE EMULSION AND DURABILITY OF THE RESIDUAL ASPHALTS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Aging KW - Chippings KW - Chips KW - Concrete curing KW - Durability KW - Emulsified asphalt KW - Seals (Devices) KW - Securing and joining equipment KW - Slurry seals KW - Viscosity KW - Waste products UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/97788 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00215933 AU - Ottsen, H AU - Munse, W H AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Bureau of Public Roads /US TI - THREE-DIMENSIONAL PHOTOELASTIC INVESTIGATION OF SIMULATED WELD DISCONTINUITIES PY - 1970/08 AB - A REVIEW WAS MADE OF PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE PROBLEM OF THE NOTCH-SENSITIVITY OF METALS IN FATIGUE. A HYPOTHESIS FOR THE PREDICTION OF THE FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF WELDED CONNECTIONS WITH DISCONTINUITIES WAS DEVELOPED. THIS HYPOTHESIS SUGGESTS THAT THE PARAMETER BEST DEFINING THE NOTCH-SENSITIVITY OF A MATERIAL SUBJECTED TO FATIGUE LOADINGS IS A CHARACTERISTIC VOLUME OF MATERIAL AROUND THE NOTCH TIP OVER WHICH THE STRESS CONCENTRATION CAN BE AVERAGED. THE REDUCTION IN FATIGUE STRENGTH OF A MEMBER DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF A FLAW IS - ACCORDING TO THE HYPOTHESIS - DETERMINED BY THE AVERAGE ELASTIC ENERGY CONCENTRATION INDUCED BY THE FLAW OVER THE APPROPRIATE VOLUME. IN ORDER TO EVALUATE THE APPLICABILITY OF THE ENERGY CONCENTRATION HYPOTHESIS, TWO SETS OF INFORMATION WERE SOUGHT: FIRST, A SUITABLE SERIES OF FATIGUE TESTS, WHICH INVOLVED A SUFFICIENT NUMBER OF TEST SPECIMENS CONTAINING A FLAW TYPE, THE SEVERITY OF WHICH COULD BE DEFINED AND VARIED IN A RELATIVELY SIMPLE MANNER, AND SECONDLY, DETERMINATIONS OF THE ELASTIC ENERGY CONCENTRATION INDUCED BY THE SELECTED FLAWS. A LITERATURE SEARCH PRODUCED REPORTS OF AN INVESTIGATION IN WHICH A SUBSTANTIAL NUMBER OF TEST SPECIMENS, CONTAINING PARTIAL PENETRATION BUTT-WELDS OF VARYING DIMENSIONS, HAD BEEN SUBJECTED TO REPEATED LOADINGS. DUE TO THE AVAILABILITY OF THIS TEST INFORMATION AND THE RELATIVE EASE WITH WHICH THE LACK OF PENETRATION FLAWS COULD BE USED IN THE CURRENT STUDY, THIS FLAW TYPE WAS ADOPTED FOR THE ANALYSIS OF FATIGUE BEHAVIOR IN RELATION TO FLAW SEVERITY. SEVERAL FLAW GEOMETRIES WERE THEN SIMULATED IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL EPOXY MODELS AND THE STRESS DISTRIBUTIONS INDUCED BY THE FLAWS AND THE LOADING DETERMINED USING PHOTOELASTIC TECHNIQUES. THE CORRELATION OF THE PHOTOELASTIC INFORMATION WITH THE DATA OBTAINED FROM THE FATIGUE TESTS INDICATES THAT THE ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS ARE SENSITIVE TO VARIATIONS IN FLAW SEVERITY. FOR THE PARTIAL PENETRATION BUTT-WELDS INVESTIGATED, THE PROPOSED HYPOTHESIS PROVED TO BE WELL-SUITED FOR DETERMINING THE FATIGUE STRENGTH REDUCTION CAUSED BY THE PRESENCE OF THE FLAW. IN ORDER TO FURTHER TEST THE ENERGY CONCENTRATION HYPOTHESIS, IT WAS APPLIED TO A NOTCHED MEMBER RADICALLY DIFFERENT FROM THE PARTIAL PENETRATION BUTT-WELD: A TENSION STRIP WITH A CENTRALLY LOCATED HOLE. IT WAS FOUND THAT, IN THIS CASE ALSO, THE PROPOSED HYPOTHESIS IS WELL SUITED FOR PREDICTING THE FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF THE MEMBER. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ALL PHASES OF THE PHOTOELASTIC PROCEDURE IS PRESENTED ALONG WITH THE DEFINITION AND APPLICATIONS OF THE PROPOSED ENERGY CONCENTRATION HYPOTHESIS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Accelerated tests KW - Butt welds KW - Defects KW - Deformation curve KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue tests KW - Hypothesis KW - Hypothesis testing KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Mathematical models KW - Metals KW - Models KW - Notch sensitivity KW - Notching (Cutting) KW - Photoelastic method KW - Photoelasticity KW - Repeated loads KW - Reviews KW - Simulation KW - Strength of materials KW - Three dimensional KW - Welded joints KW - Welds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108045 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00207950 AU - Moore, W M AU - Swift, G AU - Milberger, L J AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Bureau of Public Roads /US TI - AN INSTRUMENT FOR DETECTING DELAMINATION IN CONCRETE BRIDGE DECKS PY - 1970/08 AB - THE PROTOTYPE MOBILE CART DEVELOPED UNDER THIS RESEARCH PROJECT TO DETECT DELAMINATIONS IN BRIDGE DECKS IS DESCRIBED. FIELD TESTS USING THE DEVICE HAVE PROVED ITS EFFECTIVENESS IN DETECTING DELAMINATIONS UNDER VARYING CIRCUMSTANCES. /AUTHOR/ KW - Bridge decks KW - Concrete KW - Defects KW - Detectors KW - Deterioration KW - Mobile equipment KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavements KW - Portable equipment KW - Reinforced concrete bridges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/102550 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01349539 AU - Newlon, Howard H AU - Virginia Highway Research Council AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Evaluation of Several Types of Curing and Protective Materials for Concrete. Final Report on Part I -- Laboratory and Outdoor Exposure Studies Preliminary to Field Trials PY - 1970/07//Final Report on Part I SP - 66p AB - Concern for improving the durability of concrete has focused renewed attention on all aspects of concrete technology. Numerous proprietary products which are claimed to improve durability have been marketed as protective coatings, curing agents or combinations of the two. The end purpose of this project is to evaluate the performance of several of these materials under field conditions. This report covers Part I of the project, which consisted of preliminary evaluation testing to select the materials to be placed in the field. White pigmented resin, white polyethylene, and chlorinated rubber curing compounds were tested in combination with linseed oil protective coatings and a monomolecular film for their effects in retarding evaporation during the early stages of hydration. Both air entrained and non-air entrained concretes were subjected to tests for resistance to rapid freezing and thawing in sodium chloride solution, resistance to scaling during exposure to deicing in an outdoor exposure area, compressive strength, and skid resistance. KW - Air entrained concrete KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete curing KW - Concrete structures KW - Deicing chemicals KW - Durability KW - Exposure KW - Freeze thaw durability KW - Skid resistance KW - Sodium chloride UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37700/37708/70-R3.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1107903 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173175 AU - Wiles, Ernest G AU - Nishanian, Jerar AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Reassembly of Point Pleasant Bridge: Documentation of Structural Damage and Identification of Laboratory Specimens PY - 1970/07 SP - 32p AB - The Point Pleasant Bridge, often spoken of as the Silver Bridge, suddenly collapsed on the evening of December 15, 1967. The catastrophic failure of this structure that spanned the Ohio River at Point Pleasant, West Virginia, created many unique problems and posed many new questions for the bridge engineering industry. One question that was paramount was, "What caused the bridge to collapse?". Arrangements were made with the Corps of Engineers to perform rescue work and to clear the wreckage from the Ohio River Channel as quickly as possible. It was decided that in order to facilitate the study of all possible causes of the failure, an attempt should be made to reassemble the bridge, similar to the investigations of aircraft accidents. Consequently, a 25-acre reassembly site was leased approximately two miles downstream from the bridge site on the West Virginia shore. Although the exposed wreckage was photographed and sketched to identify it as much as possible, the wreckage below the water was more difficult to identify. The paper describes how the bridge was reconstructed. KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge engineering KW - Collapse properties KW - Debris removal KW - Failure KW - Preassembled bridges KW - Reconstruction KW - Structural design UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33400/33447/Point_Pleasant_Bridge.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933323 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130709 AU - Winfrey, R AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MANUAL OF PROCEDURES FOR CONDUCTING STUDIES OF THE DESIRABLE LIMITS OF DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS OF MOTOR VEHICLES PY - 1970/07 SP - 131 p. AB - The manual presents is set of procedures for conducting a study of the desirable limits on the dimensions and weights of highway vehicles. The manual is intended to cover all significant factors related to the highway, the vehicle, and the transportation industry that might be affected in one way or another by the legal limits on vehicle dimensions and weights. It is based upon work by the Offices of Research and Development, Federal Highway Administration, as reported in House Document No. 354, 88th Congress, 2nd Session, August 19,1964. KW - Dimensional analysis KW - Dimensional measurement KW - Gross vehicle weight KW - Highway transportation KW - Laws KW - Manuals KW - Motor vehicle laws & regulations KW - Motor vehicles KW - Vehicle characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32306 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00208057 AU - Jones, H L AU - Furr, H L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - STUDY OF IN-SERVICE BRIDGES CONSTRUCTED WITH PRESTRESSED PANEL SUB-DECKS PY - 1970/07 SP - 67 p. AB - A RECENT INNOVATION IN PRESTRESSED CONCRETE HIGHWAY BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION UTILIZES PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PANELS AS BOTTOM FORMS FOR THE CONVENTIONAL CAST-IN-PLACE DECK. THE PRECAST, PRESTRESSED PANELS ARE PLACED ON TOP OF THE PRESTRESSED BEAMS, SPANNING THE DISTANCE BETWEEN ADJACENT BEAMS. THIS TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION IS PARTICULARLY ATTRACTIVE WHERE PLACEMENT AND REMOVAL OF CONVENTIONAL FORM WORK IS DIFFICULT AND COSTLY. A FIELD STUDY WAS CONDUCTED OF THREE EXISTING HIGHWAY BRIDGES CONSTRUCTED IN 1963 USING PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PANELS. THE STUDY WAS UNDERTAKEN TO DETERMINE THE CONDITION OF THESE STRUCTURES AFTER SEVEN YEARS OF SERVICE, AND TO SEE IF ANY EVIDENCE OF A LACK OF CONTINUITY OF ACTION BETWEEN BEAMS, PANELS, AND DECK COULD BE DETECTED. THE STUDY INCLUDED MAPPING OF CRACK PATTERNS IN THE CAST-IN-PLACE DECK, SOUNDINGS TO DETECT DELAMINATION BETWEEN PRESTRESSED PANEL AND CAST-IN-PLACE DECK, CORINGS, AND LOAD TESTS. THE RESULTS OF THIS STUDY INDICATE THAT THE BRIDGES INVESTIGATED ARE PERFORMING SATISFACTORILY, AND THEIR STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR AGREES WITH THAT ASSUMED IN THEIR DESIGN. /FHWA/ KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge substructures KW - Bridges KW - Field studies KW - Load tests KW - Panels KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96742 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00230730 AU - Walters, W C AU - Louisiana Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TENSION PILE PY - 1970/07 AB - THE RESULTS OF A SHORT TERM STUDY OF A PILE IN TENSION LOADS ARE REPORTED. THE "TENSION" PILE QUESTION WAS RAISED WHEN A DEPRESSED ROADWAY TO BE BUILT IN THE CITY OF NEW ORELEANS WHERE THE WATER TABLE IS AT OR VERY NEAR THE SURFACE WAS CONCEIVED. PILES WERE TO BE USED TO "HOLD DOWN" THIS EXPRESSWAY. FOUR PILES WERE DRIVEN; THREE WERE USED IN THE STUDY. TWO WERE REACTION PILES, AND ONE WAS THE TEST PILE. IT WAS PLACED IN A TENSION LOAD OF 40 TONS FOR A PERIOD OF SIX MONTHS FORTY TONS WAS APPROXIMATELY ONE WAS THE TEST PILE. IT WAS PLACED IN A TENSION LOAD OF 40 TONS FOR A PERIOD OF SIX MONTHS. FORTY TONS WAS APPROXIMATELY ONE FOURTH OF THE TOTAL BEARING LOAD COMPUTED FROM THE PILE DRIVING FORMULA. THERE WAS NO MOVEMENT. AT THE COMPLETION OF THE SIX MONTHS THE PILE WAS LOADED TO FAILURE IN TENSION. FAILURE PREDICTABLY OCCURRED AT APPROXIMATELY 98 TONS. FOUR CRACKS APPEARED IN THE MEMBER 89 TONS, 90 TONS, 97 TONS, AND 98 TONS. FIVE OF THE EIGHT PRESTRESS CABLES USED TO PLACE THE PILE IN TENSION BROKE. JUST PRIOR TO THIS LATTER EVENT THERE APPEARED TO BE 0.17 INCHES OF MOVEMENT UPWARD, BUT WHEN THE LOAD WAS REMOVED THE PILE RETURNED TO ITS ORIGINAL ELEVATION AND THE CRACKS CLOSED. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT PILES DRIVEN IN STIFF TO VERY STIFF CLAYS AND ALLOWED TO REMAIN UNLOADED FOR SEVERAL MONTHS WILL REACT FAVORABLY IN TENSION. /AUTHOR/ KW - Bearing tests KW - Failure KW - Loads KW - Pile driving KW - Piles (Supports) KW - Tension UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/119470 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206432 AU - Fuller, S L AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE FLORIDA SKID TRAILER PY - 1970/07 AB - A SKID TRAILER IS CONSTRUCTED FOR USE IN ROUTINE SKID TESTING AND PAVEMENT SKID RESISTANCE RESEARCH. IT INCLUDES A PAVEMENT WETTING SYSTEM TO APPLY A CONSTANT DEPTH WATER LAYER AT ALL SPEEDS FROM 20 MPH TO 70 MPH, AND CAN TEST PAVEMENTS WITH EITHER OR BOTH WHEELS. ELECTRONIC TIMING CIRCUITRY CONTROLS ALL TEST CYCLES, AND PRESELECTED TIME SEQUENCES ARE AVAILABLE. A THREE-CHANNEL ELECTRONIC RECORDER PROVIDES A SEPARATE TRACE FOR EACH WHEEL FORCE MEASUREMENT AND RECORDS AN ANALOG SIGNAL PROPORTIONAL TO VEHICLE SPEED. ZERO SUPPRESSION CIRCUITRY IS USED ON ALL THREE CHANNELS TO IMPROVE RESOLUTION. MODIFICATIONS WERE REQUIRED IN THE TRAILER BRAKING SYSTEM (WHICH WAS CONVERTED FROM ELECTRONIC BRAKES TO AN AIR ACTUATED HYDRAULIC BRAKE SYSTEM) AND IN THE DESIGN OF THE STOP BAR TRANSDUCERS. THE PERFORMANCE OF THE FLORIDA SKID TRAILER INDICATES THAT FOUR TO SIX TEST REPLICATIONS WILL DETERMINE THE MEAN SKID NUMBER (SN) OF A UNIFORM PAVEMENT SURFACE WITHIN PLUS OR MINUS 2 SN AT THE 95% CONFIDENCE LEVEL. SKID TESTS ON TYPICAL ROADWAY SURFACES SHOW THAT THE TRAILER IS SUITABLE FOR DETERMINING SKID RESISTANCE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ROADWAY SURFACES WITH ACCEPTABLE ACCURACY AND PRECISION. A COIL SPRING SUSPENSION SYSTEM FOR IMPROVED TRACE INTERPRETATION AND LOADING CHARACTERISTICS IS INCLUDED IN THE SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE SKID TRAILERS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Brakes KW - Electronic devices KW - Electronic equipment KW - Pavements KW - Recording instruments KW - Skid resistance KW - Skid resistance tests KW - Skidding KW - Skids KW - Surfaces KW - Testing equipment KW - Trailers KW - Wetting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/100245 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00210454 AU - Maupin, G W AU - Virginia Highway Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECT OF SOME AGGREGATE CHARACTERISTICS ON THE FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF AN ASPHALTIC CONCRETE MIXTURE PY - 1970/07 AB - COARSE AGGREGATE CHARACTERISTICS SUCH AS SURFACE TEXTURE, RUGOSITY, AND FLAKINESS INDEX, WERE EVALUATED UTILIZING A LABORATORY CONSTANT DEFLECTION, FLEXURAL FATIGUE TESTS AND ATTEMPTS WERE MADE TO CORRELATE THESE WITH FATIGUE BEHAVIOR. SINCE PREVIOUS WORK HAD INDICATED THAT AGGREGATE SHAPE AND ROUGHNESS COULD AFFECT THE FATIGUE LIFE, IT WAS HOPED THAT THE PARTICLE INDEX, WHICH ACCOUNTS FOR ALL AGGREGATE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS, WOULD CORRELATE WITH FATIGUE LIVE. NO CORRELATION BETWEEN PARTICLE INDEX AND FATIGUE LIFE WAS FOUND; HOWEVER, EXTREMELY HIGH VALUES OF PARTICLE INDEX MAY INDICATE A TENDENCY TOWARD LOW FATIGUE LIVE. THERE WAS NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN THE FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF A MIXTURE CONTAINING LIMESTONE AGGREGATE AND ONE CONTAINING LIMESTONE AGGREGATE ON WHICH THE SURFACE TEXTURE HAD BEEN ROUGHENED BY ACID ETCHING. ALTHOUGH HIGH VALUES OF RUGOSITY AND FLAKINESS CAN INDICATE A PREDICTED LOW FATIGUE LIFE, LOW VALUES DO NOT NECESSARILY PREDICT NORMAL OR HIGH FATIGUE LIFE. /AUTHOR/ KW - Aggregate characteristics KW - Aggregates KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Coarse aggregates KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Fatigue life KW - Flaking KW - Limestone aggregates KW - Particles KW - Rugosity KW - Texture UR - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/70-r2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/97801 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00212095 AU - Gutzwiller, M J AU - Lee, R H AU - Scholer, C F AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana State Highway Commission AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PRECAST, PRESTRESSED CONCRETE FOR BRIDGE DECKS PY - 1970/07 AB - THE OBJECT WAS TO DEVELOP A BRIDGE DECK UNIT THAT COULD REPLACE A DETERIORATED DECK IN THE SHORTEST TIME. INHERENT IN THE PRECAST CONSTRUCTION IS THE QUALITY CONTROL FACTOR FOR MIXING AND PLACING CONCRETE. LABORATORY TESTS DEVELOPED A SLAB 6 INCHES THICK AND 4 FEET WIDE PRESTRESSED ALONG ITS LONGITUDINAL AXIS. THE BUTTING JOINT THAT PRODUCED THE LOWEST STRESS CONCENTRATION PROVED TO BE A FLAT TONGUE-AND-GROOVE JOINT SEPARATED BY A 1/16-INCH NEOPRENE PAD. A CAULKING SEALANT WAS PLACED IN THE TOP SURFACE OF THE JOINT TO MAKE THE JOINT WATERPROOF. TO PROVIDE CONTINUITY BETWEEN THE SLAB AND SUPPORTING BEAMS, A HOLD-DOWN DEVICE USED BY ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN RAILROADS TO FASTEN RAILS TO PRECAST CONCRETE TIES WAS TESTED AND USED. ACTUAL FIELD INSTALLATIONS ARE NOW BEING OBSERVED AND STRESS MONITORED WITH SATISFACTORY SUCCESS. /FHWA/ KW - Beams KW - Bridge decks KW - Butt joints KW - Caulking KW - Concrete mixing KW - Concrete placing KW - Continuity KW - Continuous beams KW - Continuous structures KW - Fasteners KW - Joint KW - Joint sealers KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Precast concrete KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Prestressing KW - Quality control KW - Quality control testing KW - Sealing compounds KW - Slabs KW - Stress concentration KW - Stresses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/98484 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00233732 AU - Haliburton, T A AU - Oklahoma State University, Stillwater AU - Oklahoma Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SUBGRADE MOISTURE VARIATIONS. INTERIM REPORT 10 - SUMMARY OF COLLECTED DATA PY - 1970/07 AB - ALL DATA COLLECTED AT THE 52 FIELD TEST SITES INSTALLED DURING THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH OPERATIONS BETWEEN JUNE, 1966 AND JUNE, 1970 ARE PRESENTED. PROCEDURES FOR DATA COLLECTION, REDUCTION, DISPLAY, AND EVALUATION ARE DESCRIBED AND DISCUSSED BUT NO EVALUATION OR CORRELATION OF COLLECTED DATA IS ATTEMPTED. DATA PRESENTED INCLUDE MEASURED MOISUTRE CONDITIONS, SOIL DENSITIES, SOIL PROFILES, TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION RECORDS, SITE DESCRIPTIONS, ROADWAY SECTIONS, PAVEMENT CONDITION RATINGS, AND TRAFFIC COUNTS AT EACH TEST SITE, AS WELL AS SUBGRADE TEMPERATURES AND PAVEMENT HEAVE/SETTLEMENT AT SEVERAL OF THE TEST SITES. /AUTHOR/ KW - Building sites KW - Collection KW - Conditions KW - Data KW - Displays KW - Evaluation KW - Field tests KW - Ground settlement KW - Heave KW - Heaving KW - Highways KW - Information display systems KW - Location KW - Measurement KW - Methodology KW - Moisture content KW - Pavements KW - Ratings KW - Reduction KW - Reduction (Chemistry) KW - Soil densification KW - Soil profiles KW - Soil water KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Subgrade moisture KW - Temperature KW - Traffic counting KW - Variables KW - Variations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/124676 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00215943 AU - Frederick, W L AU - Michigan Department of State Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - USE OF INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY IN ACCEPTANCE TESTING MEMBRANE CURING COMPOUNDS FOR CONCRETE PY - 1970/07 AB - THE USE OF INFRARED SPECTRA GREATLY REDUCES THE NUMBER OF TEDIOUS, LENGTHY WATER RETENTION TESTS (ASTM C-156) THAT ARE CURRENTLY PERFORMED ON WHITE PIGMENTED MEMBRANE CURING COMPOUNDS FOR CONCRETE. BASED ON SAMPLES FROM FIVE DIFFERENT PRODUCERS OVER A THREE-YEAR PERIOD, A REDUCTION IN WATER RETENTION TESTS FROM 293 TO 64 WAS PREDICTED. A SIMILAR REDUCTION IN THE NUMBER OF DRYING TIME AND REFLECTANCE TESTS WOULD BE EXPECTED, IM MOST CASES. THE INFRARED SPECTRA ARE USED TO SHOW THAT THE RESIN AND PIGMENT OF ACCEPTANCE SAMPLES HAVE THE SAME COMPOSITION AS THE RESIN AND PIGMENT OF REFERENCE SAMPLES OF KNOWN PERFORMANCE. THE INFRARED METHOD IS RECOMMENDED FOR ACCEPTANCE TESTING TRANSPARENT MEMBRANE CURING COMPOUNDS AS WELL. /AUTHOR/ KW - Acceptance tests KW - Cement KW - Concrete KW - Concrete curing KW - Curing agents KW - Drying rate KW - Drying tests KW - Infrared spectroscopy KW - Membrane curing KW - Moisture content KW - Pigments KW - Reflectance KW - Reflectivity KW - Resin cements KW - Resins KW - Retaining KW - Retaining walls KW - Wetting and drying tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108054 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00204632 AU - Hodder, R L AU - Montana State University, Bozeman AU - Montana State Highway Commission AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REVEGETATION METHODS AND CRITERIA FOR BARE AREAS FOLLOWING HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION PY - 1970/07 SP - 97 p. AB - METHODS AND CRITERIA FOR REVEGETATION AND STABILIZATION OF ROADSIDES IN MONTANA INVOLVE PROBLEMS OF BROAD SCOPE AND COMPLEXITY. VARIOUS FACETS OF THE ROADSIDE SEEDING PROBLEM WERE STUDIED IN SEQUENCE AT SEVERAL SITES, EACH EXPLORATION INDICATING OR SUBSTANTIATING THE PRIORITY OF STUDY NEEDS. A ROADSIDE VEGETATION SURVEY AND A CONTRACT SEEDING EVALUATION STUDY PROVIDED A BASIS FOR A SELECTION OF INITIAL STUDIES CONCERNING SEEDING AND MULCHING. THIS WORK LED DIRECTLY TO SPECIES SELECTION TESTS, OBVIOUS FERTILIZER REQUIREMENTS, AND EFFECTS OF FERTILIZER SLURRIES ON SEED GERMINATION CHARACTERISTICS. UNSATISFACTORY PERFORMANCE OF MULCHES PROMOTED TRIALS WITH EXPERIMENTAL MULCH BINDERS WHICH PROVIDED SOME UNEXPECTED ADVANTAGES. THE SENSITIVITY OF TIME OF-SEEDING UNDER SEMIARID GROWING CONDITIONS ENCOURAGED THE TESTING OF DRYLAND PLANTING INNOVATIONS WITH BOTH GRASSES AND SHRUBS, WHICH LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF DRYLAND PLANTING OF TUBELINGS AND SHRUBS WITHIN CONDENSATION TRAPS. THESE EXPLORATORY STUDIES INDICATE AREAS OF CONCERN WITHIN WHICH FUTURE MAINTENANCE ECONOMIES MAY BE REALIZED WITH A MINIMUM OF INVESTMENT IN TIME AND MONEY. /AUTHOR/ KW - Arid land KW - Climate KW - Drainage KW - Erosion control KW - Fertilizers KW - Grasses KW - Highway drainage KW - Highways KW - Mulching KW - Plant cover KW - Planting KW - Plants KW - Semiarid land KW - Shrubs KW - Surface drainage KW - Vegetation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95855 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206422 AU - Vaswani, N K AU - Virginia Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF PAVEMENT DESIGN IN VIRGINIA BASED ON LAYER DEFLECTIONS, SUBGRADE AND ITS MOISTURE CONTENT PY - 1970/07 AB - THE OPTIMUM STRUCTURAL STRENGTH CONTRIBUTED BY A MATERIAL TO THE OVERALL STRENGTH OF THE PAVEMENT WAS STUDIED FOR CASES APPLICABLE TO VIRGINIA. THE VARIABLES WERE (1) THE MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OR THE THICKNESS EQUIVALENCY OF THE MATERIAL, (2) THE THICKNESS OF THE MATERIAL IN THE LAYER, (3) THE LOCATION OF THE MATERIAL WITH RESPECT TO OTHER LAYERS CONTAINING STRONGER OR WEAKER MATERIALS AND IN VARYING THICKNESSES, AND (4) THE EFFECT OF THE TOTAL PAVEMENT THICKNESS AND THE DEPTH OF THE MATERIAL FROM THE TOP OF THE PAVEMENT. THE INVESTIGATION CONSISTED: (1) A STUDY OF THE THICKNESS EQUIVALENCIES OF THE MATERIALS ON INTERSTATE, PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND SUBDIVISION ROADS IN VIRGINIA. AND (2) A MODEL STUDY. THE EVALUATION OF THE HIGHWAY SYSTEM WAS QUANTITATIVE, WHILE THAT OF THE MODEL STUDY WAS QUALITATIVE ONLY. THIS INVESTIGATION SHOWED THAT THE STRUCTURAL STRENGTH OF A PAVEMENT IS DECREASED WHEN A WEAKER LAYER IS PLACED OVER A STRONGER LAYER OR WHEN A WEAKER LAYER IS SANDWICHED BETWEEN TWO STRONG LAYERS. THE INVESTIGATION ALSO SHOWED THAT WHEN THE BOTTOM OF THE TOP LAYER DOES NOT BEND, THE STRESS DISTRIBUTION IS BULB TYPE; AND WHEN THE BOTTOM BENDS, THE STRESS DISTRIBUTION IS FAN TYPE. EACH CASE WOULD, THEREFORE, NEED A DIFFERENT MATHEMATICAL TREATMENT FOR DESIGN. /AUTHOR/ KW - Building materials KW - Deflection KW - Deformation curve KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Layered system mechanics KW - Modulus of elasticity KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement thickness KW - Pavements KW - Primary highways KW - Secondary roads KW - Soil water KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Subgrade moisture KW - Thickness UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37000/37063/70-R1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/100202 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00224952 AU - Buhr, J H AU - Brewer, K A AU - McCasland, W R AU - Whitson, R H AU - Texas A&M Research Foundation AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Bureau of Public Roads /US TI - DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF SECOND-GENERATION ANALOG MERGING CONTROLLERS PY - 1970/07 AB - THE DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING IS DOCUMENTED OF ANALOG RAMP CONTROLLERS CONSTRUCTED TO FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATIONS BASED ON A MULTI-LEVEL CONTROL CONCEPT. IN THIS CONCEPT, THE USER CAN EXERCISE VARYING DEGREES OF CONTROL DEPENDING ON THE SEVERITY OF CONTROL DESIRED AND AT A MINIMIZED COST. THE COMPLETE SET OF CONTROLLER FUNCTIONS AND OPERATIONS ARE DEFINED. THE BASIC PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION IS MERGING CONTROL USING GAP ACCEPTANCE PRINCIPLES WITH PROVISION FOR OPERATION IN A FIXED METERING MODE DETERMINED BY SEVERAL OVERRIDES AND ALSO INCLUDES MULTIPLE VEHICLE RELEASE OPTIONS. CONTROLLERS WERE CONSTRUCTED TO FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATIONS BASED ON THE ABOVE PRINCIPLES. DESIGN AND FUNCTIONAL DEFICIENCIES IN THE CONTROLLERS PRECLUDED MEANINGFUL ANALYSES TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE VARIOUS CONTROL CONFIGURATIONS. REVISED FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATIONS BASED ON SUBJECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CONTROLLER OPERATION ARE PRESENTED. PROPER CONSIDERATION OF THESE WITH RATHER RIGID SPECIFICATION OF THE PRECISION REQUIRED IN THE MEASUREMENT OF THE VARIOUS PARAMETERS AND COMPONENT RELIABILITY SHOULD PROVIDE EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT RAMP MERGING CONTROLLERS FOR OPERATION OF ISOLATED FREEWAY RAMPS. /BPR/ KW - Analog computers KW - Analog systems KW - Control KW - Controllers KW - Costs KW - Freeways KW - Gap acceptance KW - Merging traffic KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/114809 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00208077 AU - Meese, R H AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Highways TI - PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF CYLINDER-BEAM RETAINING WALLS- SEATTLE FREEWAY-SENECA STREET TO OLIVE WAY PY - 1970/06/30 SP - 110 p. AB - RETAINING WALLS FOR PORTIONS OF THE SEATTLE FREEWAY WERE MADE FROM VERTICAL CYLINDRICAL BEAMS CAST IN AUGERED HOLES PRIOR TO EXCAVATION. PRESENTED ARE ILLUSTRATIVE RESULTS OF ANALYSIS OF INCLINOMETER DATA FROM INSTALLATIONS IN SOME OF THESE CYLINDERS, SEEKING TO DETERMINE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LATERAL PRESSURES INTERACTING BETWEEN THE EARTH AND CYLINDERS. GENERAL FEATURES OF THE LOAD DISTRIBUTION PATTERN ARE POSTULATED BY SELECTING VARIABLES IN A POLYNOMIAL SINGULARITY FUNCTION, AND THE COEFFICIENTS ARE FOUND BY REGRESSION METHODS, SUBJECT TO BOUNDARY CONDITIONS IMPOSED ON THE BENDING MOMENT AND ITS DERIVATIVES. IT IS PROPOSED THAT FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSES WILL BE USED TO AID IN DEVELOPING POSTULATED LOAD DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS AND THE RESULTS OF ONE SUCH "PILOT" ANALYSIS IS INCLUDED IN THIS REPORT. THESE ANALYSES WILL BE EXTENDED TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE VARIATIONS IN SOIL PROPERTIES AND THE CROSS-SECTION CONFIGURATION. WORK THUS FAR ACCOMPLISHED LEADS TO A PARTIAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF THE CYLINDERS. THIS INTERIM REPORT DEMONSTRATES THE VALIDITY (AND LIMITATIONS) OF THE ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES THAT HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED. /FHWA/ KW - Beams KW - Cylindrical bodies KW - Finite element method KW - Finite elements KW - Load transfer KW - Regression analysis KW - Retaining walls UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96774 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01454449 AU - Yeh, P T AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Engineering Soils Map of Warren County, Indiana PY - 1970/06/16 SP - 57p AB - The Engineering Soils Map of Warren County, Indiana which accompanies this report was compiled from aerial photographs taken in July and August of 1950. Aerial photographic interpretation of the land forms and engineering soils of this county was accomplished in accordance with accepted principles of observation and inference. The text of this report largely represents an effort to overcome the limitation imposed by adherence to a standard symbolism and map presentation. Although no soil samples were collected and tested, general soil profiles were developed and are shown on the soils map. The soil profiles were compiled from the agriculture literature, information from the adjacent counties, and from boring data. KW - Aerial photography KW - Engineering soils KW - Landforms KW - Soil mapping KW - Soil series KW - Warren County (Indiana) UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314518 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219099 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00224965 AU - Courage, K AU - Hauer, C AU - Kelly Scientific Corporation AU - District of Columbia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTEGRATION OF SYSTEMS UNDER DEVELOPMENT PY - 1970/06 AB - ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS UNDER DEVELOPMENT WERE STUDIED: (1) EXPERIMENTAL ROUTE GUIDANCE SYSTEM, (2) PASSING AID SYSTEM, (3) MERGE CONTROL SYSTEM, (4) URBAN TRAFFIC CONTROL, AND (5) MOTORISTS AID SYSTEM. IN ADDITION TO THESE, A NUMBER OF SUPPLEMENTARY AND SUPPORT PROGRAMS, INCLUDING THE DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS WERE REPRESENTED BY THE TRAFFIC SENSING AND SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM AND THE EXPLORATORY DEVELOPMENT OF SUPPORTING SUBSYSTEM AND THE EXPLORATORY DEVELOPMENT OF IDENTIFICATION PROGRAM. THESE MAJOR PROGRAMS ALL SHARE THE FEATURE THAT THEY ARE LARGE IN SCOPE, HAVE IMPLICATION OF MAJOR IMPACT ON SOME OF THE MAJOR DOMESTIC PROBLEMS OF THE NATION (TRAFFIC CONGESTION, URBAN RENEWAL, INCREASED SAFETY ON THE HIGHWAYS) AND THEY INTERACT VERY CLOSELY WITH EACH OTHER AND WITH OTHER PROGRAMS OF IMMEDIATE NATIONAL INTEREST. THE SYSTEMS REQUIRED A VARIETY OF TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND THE SCOPE OF THE WORK DEFINED BY THE CONTRACT INVOLVED SUPPORT IN THE AREA OF (1) DETAILED ELECTRONIC DESIGN AND ANALYSIS, (2) HARDWARE TEST, EVALUATION AND IMPLEMENTATION, (3) SYSTEMS PLANNING AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, (4) COMPUTER SIMULATION, (5) LEGAL ANALYSIS AND LEGISLATIVE CONSIDERATIONS, AND (6) HUMAN FACTORS APPLICATIONS. THE FINAL REPORT SUMMARIZES THE CONTRACT TASKS AND TECHNICAL SERVICES CONDUCTED. THE ITEMS DELIVERED AND NOTED CONSIST OF BRIEFINGS, TRIP REPORTS, WORKING PAPERS, LETTER REPORTS AND DETAILED TECHNICAL REPORTS. /FHWA/ KW - Drivers KW - Electronics KW - Guidance KW - Highway safety KW - Information processing KW - Integrated systems KW - Integration KW - Merging traffic KW - Passing KW - Routes KW - Systems KW - Traffic aids KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control systems KW - Urban highways KW - Urban renewal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/114821 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00222616 AU - Shaffer, C L AU - Kirkpatrick, M AU - Breda, W M AU - North American Rockwell Corp, Columbus TI - A DRIVING SIMULATION STUDY TO DETERMINE INFORMATION LEAD DISTANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR AN ELECTRONIC ROUTE GUIDANCE SYSTEM PY - 1970/06 SP - 410 p. AB - THIS REPORT PRESENTS THE RESULTS OF A DRIVING SIMULATION STUDY TO DETERMINE DRIVER PERFORMANCE IN THE NEGOTIATION OF 22 SIMULATED URBAN INTERSECTIONS USING AN ELECTRONIC ROUTE GUIDANCE SYSTEM (ERGS) DESPLAY TO PRESENT ROUTING INFORMATION THROUGH THE INTERSECTIONS. THE EFFECT OF ERGS DISPLAY INFORMATION LEAD DISTANCE (ILD) UPON DRIVER PERFORMANCE, UNDER VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS WITH DRIVERS OF VARYING AGES, AND THE DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL ILD'S FOR EACH INTERSECTION WERE THE PRIMARY STUDY CONSIDERATIONS. IN ADDITION, 12 PERFORMANCE MEASURES WERE EXAMINED FOR SUITABILITY TO ILD INVESTIGATIONS. SUBJECT DRIVERS WERE PLACED IN A REALISTIC MOVING BASE SIMULATION OF AN URBAN AUTOMOBILE DRIVING TASK AND THEIR DRIVING PERFORMANCE WAS MEASURED. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE AND OPTIMAL ILD ANALYSES WERE CONDUCTED ON THE DATA AND ARE PRESENTED. THE RESULTS INDICATED THAT DRIVER PERFORMANCE IS INFLUENCED BY ILD, BUT FEW ENVIRONMENTAL OR AGE FACTORS INTERACT WITH ILD TO INFLUENCE PERFORMANCE. IT WAS ALSO FOUND THAT OPTIMAL ILD IS NOT PRIMARILY A FUNCTION OF DISTANCE, BUT DEPENDS HEAVILY ON INTERVENING SIDE ROAD LOCATION AND THE TYPE OF ERGS DISPLAY MESSAGE GIVEN. RECOMMENDED OPTIMAL ILD'S ARE GIVEN IN THIS REPORT FOR 30 INTERSECTION-TRACES AND GENERAL RULES FOR OPTIMAL ILD GENERATION ARE PRESENTED. HOWEVER, THE DATA DO NOT SUPPORT THE NOTION OF A WELL DEFINED OPTIMAL ILD. /FHWA/ KW - Approach lanes KW - Distance KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Driving simulators KW - Guide signs KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Intersection approach KW - Intersections KW - Personnel performance KW - Route signs KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112081 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239042 AU - Barton-Aschman Associates, Incorporated AU - Milwaukee County, Wisconsin TI - URBAN DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN TRANSITWAY DEVELOPMENT PY - 1970/06 AB - THE SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION (SEWRPC) PRODUCED, IN THE FALL OF 1966, A REGIONAL LAND-USE TRANSPORTATION PLAN. AS A PART OF ITS PROPOSED TRANSPORTATION PLAN, SEWRPC RECOMMENDED THAT A NEW MASS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM BE CREATED TO SERVE THE MILWAUKEE METROPOLITAN AREA. A MASS TRANSIT PLANNING STUDY WAS UNDERTAKEN BASED ON THIS RECOMMENDATION. THIS REPORT, PART OF THE MASS TRANSIT PLANNING STUDY, DOCUMENTS THE URBAN DESIGN FEATURES CONSIDERED IN THE LOCATION AND DESIGN OF TRANSIT FACILITIES, WITH SPECIFIC EVALUATION OF THE EAST-WEST TRANSITWAY LOCATION ALTERNATIVES. URBAN DESIGN IS THE PHYSICAL AND VISUAL IMPACT OF TRANSIT WITHIN THE CORRIDOR AND THE RESULTING CONCEPTS, PRINCIPLES, AND RECOMMENDATIONS MADE TO FACILITATE ITS IMPLEMENTATION AS AN INTEGRAL, WELL-DESIGNED ELEMENT OF THE URBAN FABRIC. /FHWA/ KW - Aesthetics KW - Bus transportation KW - Facilities KW - Land use KW - Location KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131133 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00213882 AU - Hester, J A AU - Alabama State Highway Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A STUDY OF FLY ASH AS A MATERIAL FOR USE IN CONCRETE PY - 1970/06 SP - 53 p. AB - A CHANGE IN THE FLY ASH SECTION OF THE ALABAMA HIGHWAY SPECIFICATIONS REQUIRED THE AMOUNT PASSING THE NO. 325 MESH TO BE A MINIMUM OF 75% AND THE LOSS AT 1100 F TO BE A MAXIMUM OF 6%. THIS CHANGE HAD THE EFFECT OF EXCLUDING ALL THE SOURCES IN ALABAMA THAT WERE USING MECHANICAL SEPARATORS, LEAVING ONLY TWO SOURCES, ONE OF WHICH WAS NOT AVAILABLE. AN EXTENSIVE INVESTIGATION WAS UNDERTAKEN TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE SPECIFICATION WAS EXCLUDING SOME FLY ASH SOURCES AS GOOD AS OR BETTER THAN THE ONE NOW BEING USED. FREEZE--THAW AND COMPRESSIVE, FLEXURAL, AND TENSILE STRENGTH TESTS WERE RUN ON MIXES AND BEAMS OF VARIOUS COMPOSITION AND AGE. TEST PROCEDURES AND RESULTS ARE REPORTED. KW - Compression tests KW - Compressive strength tests KW - Concrete structures KW - Flexural strength KW - Fly ash KW - Freeze thaw tests KW - Specifications KW - Tensile strength KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94684 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206437 AU - Moore, A B AU - Whitehurst, E A AU - University of Tennessee, Knoxville AU - Tennessee Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A STUDY OF PAVEMENT SKID RESISTANCE AT HIGH SPEEDS AND AT LOCATIONS KNOWN TO BE FOCAL POINTS OF ACCIDENTS PY - 1970/06 AB - THE CONSTRUCTION OF A TWO-WHEEL SKID TRAILER CAPABLE OF OPERATION AT SPEEDS OF 75 TO 80 MPH IS DESCRIBED. IT EXCEEDS THE REQUIREMENTS OF ASTM E-274. THE FORCE MEASURING CIRCUIT IS COMPOSED OF TWO FULL BRIDGE 120 OHM STRAIN GAGE TRANSDUCERS, ONE FOR EACH WHEEL FOR THE DESIGN OF THE TRAILER HITCH. CONSIDERABLE DIFFICULTY WAS ENCOUNTERED IN OBTAINING A SUITABLE TOWING VEHICLE. THE FACTORY MODEL WAS MODIFIED TO PROVIDE THE ESSENTIAL NEEDS. CONSTRUCTION COSTS ARE INCLUDED, AND ENGINEERING DRAWINGS OF THE TRAILER ARE SUBMITTED IN THE APPENDIX. /FHWA/ KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Crashes KW - Design KW - Engineering drawings KW - High speed ground transportation KW - High speed vehicles KW - Location KW - Skid resistance KW - Skid trailers KW - Speed KW - Strain gages KW - Technical drawings KW - Trailers KW - Transducers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/100259 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00207981 AU - Meyer, C AU - Scordelis, A C AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - California Division of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF CURVED FOLDED PLATE STRUCTURES PY - 1970/06 AB - A COMPUTER PROGRAM HAS BEEN DEVELOPED WHICH IS CAPABLE OF ANALYZING CURVED FOLDED PLATE STRUCTURES SIMPLY SUPPORTED AT THE TWO ENDS AND COMPOSED OF ELEMENTS THAT MAY IN GENERAL BE SEGMENTS OF CONICAL FRUSTRA. THE PROGRAM IS BASED ON A HARMONIC ANALYSIS IN THE CIRCUMFERENTIAL DIRECTION, WITH THE LOADINGS EXPRESSED BY FOURIER SERIES, AND ON A FINITE ELEMENT STIFFNESS ANALYSIS IN THE TRANSVERSE DIRECTION. THE STRUCTURE ASSEMBLY AND SOLUTION FOLLOWS THE DIRECT STIFFNESS METHOD AS IT HAS BEEN SUCCESSFULLY APPLIED PREVIOUSLY TO STRAIGHT PRISMATIC FOLDED PLATES. /AUTHOR/ KW - Box girders KW - Computer programs KW - Curvature KW - Curved profiles KW - Curved steel girders KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Finite element method KW - Finite elements KW - Folded plates KW - Fourier analysis KW - Girders KW - Plates (Engineering) KW - Simple span KW - Stiffness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/102699 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00224966 AU - Carter, R G AU - Root, R T AU - Sequin, E L AU - Avis, G B AU - HRB-Singer Incorporated AU - Pennsylvania Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON DRIVER ON-RAMP MERGING BEHAVIOR PY - 1970/06 AB - MERGING BEHAVIOR ON RAMPS IS TREATED FROM THE STAND-POINTS OF (1) GAP PERCEPTION AND (2) ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS. MERGING BEHAVIOR ON A RAMP OF THE LONG ISLAND EXPRESSWAY WAS RECORDED PHOTOGRAPHICALLY AND CORRELATED WITH 43 MEASURES OF GAP PERCEPTION. THE MEASURES WERE FORMULATED MATHEMATICALLY ("G" EXPRESSIONS - GE) FROM OBSERVABLE RAMP AND MAINSTREAM-VEHICLE KINEMATICS. THE MAJOR OBJECTIVES WERE TO RANK THESE SUBJECTIVE MEASURES OF GAP SIZE AND TO CORRELATE THEM WITH FOUR ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES (DAYTIME, ILLUMINATED DARKNESS, AND DRY AND WET DRIVING CONDITIONS). THE FIRST OF THESE OBJECTIVES WAS APPROACHED THROUGH THE CORRELATION RATIO TECHNIQUE SUPPLEMENTED BY AN ANALYSIS OF AVERAGE ACCEPTANCE/REJECTION BEHAVIOR FOR THE VARIOUS EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS. IN ADDITION, PROBIT ANALYSIS WAS USED TO DESCRIBE THE DISTRIBUTION OF MERGING BEHAVIOR FOR ALL VALUES OF THOSE GE DETERMINED TO BE MOST IMPORTANT IN ACCEPTANCE/REJECTION DECISIONS. IT WAS FOUND THAT THESE GE WERE THOSE THAT REFLECTED THE KINEMATICS OF LAG CONDITIONS, THE TWO SHOWING THE HIGHEST CORRELATION ALSO INCLUDING A SAFETY FACTOR, I.E., THE TIME OR DISTANCE REQUIRED FOR THE LAG VEHICLE TO SLOW DOWN TO MATCH THE SPEED OF THE MERGING VEHICLE. OTHER HIGH-CORRELATION GE REFLECTED THE RELATIVE VELOCITY OF RAMP AND MAINSTREAM VEHICLES. WHILE TIME LAG ALSO PROVED TO HAVE A HIGH CORRELATION, THE TIME HEADWAY BETWEEN TWO VEHICLES DEFINING A GAP SHOWED LITTLE CORRELATION. WITH RESPECT TO THE SECOND MAJOR OBJECTIVE, DRIVERS UNDER NIGHT--DRY CONDITIONS PROVED SOMEWHAT MORE CONSERVATIVE THAN UNDER DAY--DRY CONDITIONS. HOWEVER, MERGING BEHAVIOR FOR NIGHT--WET CONDITIONS WAS MORE ANALOGOUS TO THAT FOR DAY--DRY THAN FOR NIGHT--DRY. (AS ONLY ONE HOUR OF NIGHT WET DATA WAS OBTAINED, FURTHER ANALYSIS IS IN ORDER.) THE PROBIT ANALYSIS WAS IN AGREEMENT WITH THESE OBSERVATIONS, INDICATING RELATIVE DRIVER INCONSISTENCY UNDER NIGHT--DRY CONDITIONS. KW - Behavior KW - Correlation analysis KW - Days KW - Distance KW - Driver psychology KW - Drivers KW - Dry conditions KW - Dryness KW - Dynamics KW - Freeway ramps KW - Gap acceptance KW - Headways KW - Kinematics KW - Lagging KW - Lagging (Earthwork) KW - Merging traffic KW - Moisture content KW - Night KW - Ramps KW - Ramps (Interchanges) KW - Statistical analysis KW - Time KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Vehicles KW - Wet conditions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/114822 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00210448 AU - Marek, C R AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FINAL SUMMARY- BASIC PROPERTIES OF SEAL COATS AND SURFACE TREATMENTS PY - 1970/06 AB - THE OVERALL OBJECTIVE WAS TO OBTAIN INFORMATION THAT COULD ASSIST IN EVALUATIONS OF THE STRENGTH, DURABILITY, AND THICKNESS OF THE BITUMINOUS FILMS, AND PROPER GRADES AND TYPES OF BITUMINOUS MATERIALS AS RELATED TO THE SIZE AND TYPE OF AGGREGATE FOR SEAL COAT AND SURFACE TREATMENT CONSTRUCTION. ACTUALLY, NO INVESTIGATIONS OF DURABILITY OF BITUMINOUS FILMS HAVE BEEN REPORTED, NOR WERE THERE ANY DETAILED EVALUATIONS OF LIQUID BITUMINOUS MATERIALS - EMULSIONS AND CUTBACKS - WHICH ARE WIDELY USED IN SEAL COAT AND SURFACE TREATMENT CONSTRUCTION. A BIBLIOGRAPHY WAS DEVELOPED (AND PUBLISHED) TO PROVIDE A REVIEW OF THE STATE OF THE ART OF SEAL COAT AND SURFACE TREATMENT DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION TO 1967. IT INCLUDED ANNOTATED REFERENCES TO ARTICLES PERTAINING TO THE SUBJECT AND A SUMMARY OF EXISTING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES. A BASIC STUDY OF PAVING GRADE ASPHALT CEMENTS PROVIDED INSIGHTS INTO FACTORS AFFECTING THE BEHAVIOR OF THESE BINDERS IN THIN FILMS UNDER SHEAR AND TENSILE STRESSES. THE INFORMATION OBTAINED CAN BE USED FOR JUDGEMENT CONCERNING PROPER TYPE AND/OR GRADE OF BITUMINOUS MATERIAL. THIN FILMS OF BINDER ARE ESSENTIAL FOR HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH, BUT NO DATA HAVE BEEN PROVIDED ON BINDER TYPES OTHER THAN ASPHALT CEMENTS AND NO OPTIMUM FILM THICKNESSES HAVE BEEN PROPOSED. /AUTHOR/ KW - Aggregates KW - Bituminous materials KW - Bituminous surface treatments KW - Cut back KW - Durability KW - Emulsions KW - Film KW - Liquid asphalt KW - Seal coats KW - Strength of materials KW - Surface treating KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/97792 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206433 AU - Arena, P J AU - Louisiana Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FIELD EVALUATION OF SKID RESISTANT SURFACES PY - 1970/06 AB - THIS PROJECT WAS UNDERTAKEN TO ESTABLISH A THIN BITUMINOUS SURFACE COURSE THAT WOULD POSSESS GOOD SKID RESISTANT QUALITIES AND BE BOTH ECONOMICAL & DURABLE. ELEVEN DUPLICATE 1000 FOOT TEST SECTIONS WERE CONSTRUCTED ON A ROADWAY THAT CARRIED APPROXIMATELY 9700 VEHICLES PER DAY. THESE TEST SECTIONS CONTAINED FOUR DIFFERENT TYPES OF BITUMINOUS MIXTURES. (ASPHALTIC CONCRETE, SAND ASPHALT, PLANT MIX SEALS, AND SLURRY SEAL), AND THE AGGREGATES USED CONSISTED OF CRUSHED GRAVEL, SLAG, EXPANDED CLAY, AND GRANITE. THE EVALUATION OF THE TEST SECTIONS WAS BASED PRIMARILY ON THE SKID-RESISTANT QUALITIES OF THE MIXTURES, WITH CONSIDERATION GIVEN TO THE EASE OF CONSTRUCTION AND FINISHED RIDING SURFACE. SKID RESISTANCE WAS OBTAINED ON EACH OF THE TEST SECTIONS AT APPROXIMATELY FOUR-MONTH INTERVALS TO ELEVEN MONTHS AFTER COMPLETION. AT ELEVEN MONTHS, THE FINAL RESULTS WERE OBTAINED ON THE TEST SECTIONS, WHICH HAD CARRIED A TOTAL OF 3,209,346 VEHICLES. THE EVALUATION INCLUDED COMPARISONS OF SKID NUMBERS AND ROUGHNESS RESULTS AT DIFFERENT TIME INTERVALS AFTER COMPLETION. IN GENERAL, THE PLANT MIX SEALS PROVED TO BE THE MOST FAVORABLE OF THE DIFFERENT MIXTURES. THE SLAG AND EXPANDED CLAY PLANT MIX SEALS GAVE HIGHER SKID NUMBERS THAN CRUSHED GRAVEL. THE EXPANDED CLAY, SLURRY SEAL, AND KENTUCKY SAND ASPHALT ALSO RESULTED IN HIGH SKID NUMBERS. AFTER ELEVEN MONTHS OF TRAFFIC, THE EXPANDED CLAY HOT MIX SHOWED THE HIGHEST SKID NUMBER. THE PLANT MIX SEALS GAVE THE LOWEST ROUGHNESS READINGS UP TO ELEVEN MONTHS AFTER CONSTRUCTION, WHILE THE KENTUCKY SAND AND SLURRY SEALS GAVE THE HIGHEST. /AUTHOR/ KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Asphaltic sand KW - Bituminous aggregates KW - Bituminous materials KW - Bituminous mixtures KW - Bituminous surfacing KW - Durability KW - Expansive clays KW - Granite KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Ready mixed concrete KW - Roughness KW - Sealing compounds KW - Skid resistance KW - Skid resistance tests KW - Skidding KW - Slurry seals KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Surface treating KW - Texture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/100249 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00217492 AU - Mullen, W G AU - Dahir, S H AU - North Carolina State University, Raleigh AU - North Carolina State Highway and Public Works Commission AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTERIM REPORT-SKID RESISTANCE AND WEAR PROPERTIES OF AGGREGATES FOR PAVING MIXTURES PY - 1970/06 AB - THE SKID RESISTANCE AND WEAR PROPERTIES OF 20 REPRESENTATIVE AGGREGATES HAVE BEEN INVESTIGATED. A 36-INCH DIAMETER CIRCULAR TRACK MACHINE WAS DEVELOPED FOR POLISHING 6-INCH DIAMETER BITUMINOUS PAVEMENT SAMPLES MADE FROM SELECTED AGGREGATES, AND A JAR MILL APPARATUS, USING FLINT PEBBLES, WAS USED TO CLASSIFY AGGREGATES AS TO THEIR WEAR PROPERTIES. SKID RESISTANCE, AS MEASURED WITH THE BRITISH PORTABLE TESTER, WAS DETERMINED AFTER INCREMENTAL TIME INTERVALS OF WEAR AND POLICH TO CLASSIFY AND RATE THE AGGREGATES. SANDSTONE AND SYNTHETIC LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE SHOW HIGH SKID RESISTANCE; ANOTHER SYNTHETIC AGGREGATE, GNEISS, GRANITE, CRUSHED GRAVEL, AND SLATE-TYPE AGGREGATES SHOW MEDIUM TO HIGH SKID RESISTANCE; AND DIABASE, POLISHED GRAVEL, AND LIMESTONES SHOW MEDIUM TO LOW SKID RESISTANCE. NO GENERAL CORRELATION FOR ALL AGGREGATES, WAS FOUND BETWEEN SKID RESISTANCE AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. FOR THE LIMESTONE AGGREGATES, A DIRECT PROPORTION IS IMPLIED BETWEEN SIGNIFICANT AMOUNTS OF SANDSIZE INSOLUBLE RESIDUES AND SKID RESISTANCE. AN AGGREGATE HAVING A MIXED COMPOSITION OF HARD AND SOFT MINERALS, AS DETERMINED BY PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS, PRODUCES A HIGHER SKID RESISTANCE THAN ONE HAVING ONE TYPE OF MINERAL OR A SMALL RANGE OF HARDNESS OF THE MINERALS IN THE AGGREGATE. A RANGE OF 50 TO 70 PERCENT HARD MINERALS IS ESTIMATED TO BE THE OPTIMUM FOR THE AGGREGATES INCLUDED IN THIS STUDY. IT WAS FOUND THAT THE GRAIN SHAPE, SIZE, AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE MINERALS IN AN AGGREGATE HAVE SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS ON SKID RESISTANCE AND THAT THOSE THAT RETAIN OR DEVELOP SURFACE ROUGHNESS UNDER CONDITIONS OF WEAR AND POLISH CONTRIBUTE TO THE MAINTENANCE OF WET PAVEMENT SKID RESISTANCE. /AUTHOR/ KW - Aggregates KW - Artificial aggregates KW - Bituminous aggregates KW - Crushed gravel KW - Diabase KW - Gneiss KW - Gneisses KW - Granite KW - Gravel KW - Limestone KW - Limestone aggregates KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Polishing (Aggregates) KW - Rocks KW - Sandstones KW - Skid resistance KW - Slate KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Texture KW - Wear KW - Wet pavements KW - Wet weather UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108351 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00230723 AU - Zimpfer, W H AU - University of Florida, Gainesville AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF PAVEMENT MATERIALS PY - 1970/06 AB - THE STRENGTH AND DEFORMATION PROPERTIES OF FLORIDA BASE COURSE MATERIALS HAVE BEEN EVALUATED IN LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS. THE PROJECT INVOLVED THE DEVELOPMENT OF LABORATORY TEST TECHNIQUES, THE EVALUATION OF BASE COURSE MATERIALS ACCORDING TO THESE TECHNIQUES, AND THE REVIEW OF PRESENT STATE LABORATORY PROCEDURES IN LIGHT OF THE NEW TESTS. THE CONCLUSIONS WILL BE USED TO EXAMINE AND REVISE PRESENT FLORIDA BASE COURSE SPECIFICATIONS WHERE NECESSARY. /FHWA/ KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Deformation KW - Laboratory tests KW - Materials KW - Strength of materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/119463 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00224959 AU - Sparks, G A AU - May, A D AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - California Division of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR EVALUATING PRIORITY LANE OPERATIONS ON FREEWAYS PY - 1970/06 AB - INCREASED ATTENTION IS BEING FOCUSED ON THE PROBLEM OF MOVING PEOPLE IN METROPOLITAN AREAS DURING PEAK PERIODS. ONE POTENTIAL METHOD OF INCREASING MOBILITY IS BY GIVING SPECIAL TREATMENT TO HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLES. A MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND A COMPUTER PROGRAM HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED TO EVALUATE PRIORITY LANE OPERATIONS ON FREEWAYS (RESERVING ONE OR MORE LANES FOR BUSES AND HIGH OCCUPANCY VEHICLES). THE TOTAL PASSENGER TIME EXPENDED UNDER NORMAL LANE OPERATIONS IS COMPARED WITH TOTAL PASSENGER TIME EXPENDED UNDER PRIORITY OPERATIONS. THE MODEL HAS BEEN DEVELOPED TO HANDLE VARIOUS CONDITIONS SUCH AS: QUEUING AND NON QUEUING SITUATIONS, VARYING THE NUMBER OF RESERVED LANES, VARYING THE OCCUPANCY OF VEHICLES PERMITTED TO USE RESERVED LANES, VARYING THE DISTRIBUTION OF VEHICLE OCCUPANCIES, ETC. THE STUDY INVESTIGATED A POSSIBLE MEANS OF RELATING SHIFTS IN OCCUPANCY AND CHANGES IN MODAL SPLIT TO VARIOUS PRIORITY LANE OPERATION STRATEGIES IN AN ATTEMPT TO DETERMINE THE OPTIMUM USE OF LANES. /FHWA/ KW - Bus lanes KW - Bus transportation KW - Computer programs KW - Freeways KW - Lanes KW - Mathematical models KW - Modal split KW - Public transit KW - Strategic planning KW - Traffic lanes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/114815 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228665 AU - Anday, M C AU - Hughes, C S AU - Virginia Highway Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NUCLEAR MEASUREMENT OF SOIL PROPERTIES PY - 1970/06 AB - THE STUDY WAS CONCERNED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF IMPROVED MOISTURE CALIBRATION METHODS FOR USE WITH NUCLEAR MOISTURE GAGES. THE THREE OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY WERE TO DETERMINE THE SHAPE OF THE CALIBRATION CURVES FOR DIFFERENT SOILS, DETERMINE THE ACCURACY OF A SINGLE CALIBRATION CURVE, AND DEVELOP PRIMARY OR SECONDARY MOISTURE STANDARDS. TEN SOILS WERE STUDIED. THE FOLLOWING CONCLUSIONS WERE REACHED: (1) THE SINGLE CALIBRATION CURVE SEEMS TO BE A LINEAR RESPONSE BETWEEN COUNT RATIO AND MOISTURE CONTENT; (2) THE VARIATION FOR A SINGLE CALIBRATION CURVE WAS FOUND TO BE 3 PCF; (3) THE VARIABILITY APPEARS NOT TO BE A DIRECT FUNCTION OF SOME OF THE CHEMICAL COMPONENTS STUDIED; AND (4) THERE IS AN INDICATION THAT THE DATA CAN BE SEPARATED INTO TWO GROUPS AND THAT TWO CALIBRATION CURVES WILL IMPROVE THE ACCURACY OF NUCLEAR MOISTURE TESTS. A SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION WAS FOUND BETWEEN SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE DATA. WORK ON THE THIRD OBJECTIVE--DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMARY OR SECONDARY MOISTURE STANDARDS, WAS DEFERRED PENDING FURTHER INVESTIGATION INTO THE CAUSES OF THE VARIABILITY. /FHWA/ KW - Calibration KW - Nuclear tests KW - Soil water KW - Soils UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118971 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00200415 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BENEFITS OF INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS PY - 1970/06 AB - INTERSTATE AND OTHER HIGHWAYS INFLUENCE THE GROWTH OF THE ECONOMY BY IMPROVING MOBILITY FOR ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES. BENEFITS OF THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM INCLUDE THOSE RECEIVED BY PEOPLE WHILE USING HIGHWAYS AND BENEFITS ACCRUING TO PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES INDIRECTLY, AS A CONSEQUENCE OF HIGHWAY USE. USER BENEFITS DISCUSSED ARE TRAVEL TIME, OPERATING COSTS, ACCIDENT REDUCTION, TRAFFIC IN THE CORRIDOR, AND GOODS MOVEMENT. GENERAL ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY BENEFITS DISCUSSED ARE LAND USE, ACCESSIBILITY, AND VALUE; INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL EFFECTS; NONWORK OPPORTUNITIES; OPPORTUNITIES FOR COMMUNITY CHANGE; AND NEW TOWNS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH. /AUTHOR/ KW - Benefits KW - Community consequences KW - Crash rates KW - Economic benefits KW - Economic impacts KW - Highways KW - Industries KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Land use KW - Land use effects KW - Mobility KW - Operating costs KW - Social factors KW - Social impacts KW - Transportation corridors KW - Travel time KW - User benefits UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/90908 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00207972 AU - Bonakdarpour, B AU - Bell, L C AU - Heins, C P AU - University of Maryland, College Park AU - Maryland Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE BEHAVIOR OF A CURVED BOX BEAM MODEL BRIDGE PY - 1970/06 AB - TESTING OF A SMALL PLEXIGLAS CURVED BOX BEAM MODEL BRIDGE IS DESCRIBED. THE MODEL CONSISTED OF A THREE CELL UNIT WITH A COMMON TOP PLATE ELEMENT. THE MODEL WAS TESTED AS A SINGLE SPAN AND A TWO-SPAN STRUCTURE. STRAIN, DEFLECTION, AND ROTATION MEASUREMENTS WERE TAKEN. A SERIES OF STIFFNESS MODELS WERE ALSO FABRICATED AND TESTED IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THE STIFFNESS PROPERTIES. THE RESULTING EXPERIMENTAL DATA WAS COMPARED WITH ANALYTICAL DATA. THE ANALYTICAL DATA WAS OBTAINED FROM A SERIES OF COMPUTER PROGRAMS INCORPORATING THE SLOPE DEFLECTION THEORY. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT THE SLOPE DEFLECTION METHOD PROVIDES A USEFUL TECHNIQUE IN THE ANALYSIS OF BOX BEAM MODELS. THE USE OF SINGLE BOX SECTION PROPERTIES, CONSIDERING ONLY BENDING AND ST. VENANT TORSIONAL PROPERTIES, PROVIDES GOOD RESULTS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Box beams KW - Bridges KW - Computer programs KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Deflection KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Rotation KW - Slopes KW - Stiffness KW - Stiffness methods (Structural) KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Strains UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/102654 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00207971 AU - Kuo, J T AU - Heins, C P AU - University of Maryland, College Park AU - Maryland Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TORSIONAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE STEEL BRIDGE MEMBERS PY - 1970/06 AB - THE REQUIRED EQUATIONS ARE DESCRIBED FOR DETERMINING THE TORSIONAL PROPERTIES OF INDIVIDUAL COMPOSITE GIRDERS, AND THE APPLICATION OF THESE EQUATIONS IN THE FORM OF TABULAR DATA OF TYPICAL GIRDER PROPERTIES. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TORSIONAL AND BENDING PROPERTIES IS EXAMINED, AND APPROXIMATE DESIGN EQUATIONS DEVELOPED. IN DEVELOPING ALL OF THE TORSIONAL PROPERTIES IT IS ASSUMED THAT THE SECTION IS THIN WALLED AND THE WARPING SHEARING STRESS DEFORMATIONS CAN BE NEGLECTED. THE TABLES DEVELOPED INCLUDE ONLY ROLLED GIRDERS WITH COVER PLATES AND WELDED GIRDERS. EXAMPLES ARE INCLUDED WHICH SHOW HOW THE EQUATIONS AND TABLES CAN BE USED. A LISTING OF THE COMPUTER PROGRAM USED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TABLES IS INCLUDED IN THE APPENDIX. /AUTHOR/ KW - Bending KW - Bridge members KW - Composite structures KW - Computer programs KW - Design KW - Equations KW - Girders KW - Steel KW - Tables (Data) KW - Torsion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/102650 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00204018 AU - LEWIS, R B AU - Kay, A R AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - California Division of Highways TI - PASSAGE OF ANADROMOUS FISH THROUGH HIGHWAY DRAINAGE STRUCTURES PY - 1970/06 AB - HIGHWAY DRAINAGE STRUCTURES CAN BE AN IMPASSABLE BARRIER TO THE MIGRATION OF ANADROMOUS FISH AND THEREBY DAMAGE THE FISHERIES RESOURCE OF AN AREA. INVESTIGATION OF 40 EXISTING DRAINAGE STRUCTURES INDICATES THAT THESE STRUCTURES CAN BE DESIGNED SO AS NOT TO BE A BLOCKAGE TO MIGRATING FISH. A DESIGN PROCEDURE IS PRESENTED WHICH ENABLES THE ENGINEER TO DETERMINE IF A GIVEN STRUCTURE REQUIRES SPECIAL CONSIDERATION FOR FISH PASSAGE. /AUTHOR/ KW - Design KW - Drainage structures KW - Fishes KW - Highway drainage KW - Migration KW - Surface drainage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/98949 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206423 AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF A FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT IN ILLINOIS PY - 1970/06 AB - THE PERFORMANCE OF A BITUMINOUS-CONCRETE SURFACED AGGREGATE-BASE PAVEMENT BUILT IN 1952-53 WAS OBSERVED OVER A 12-YEAR PERIOD OF SERVICE TO PRIMARY HIGHWAY TRAFFIC. THE STUDY WAS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE INFORMATION ON THIS TYPE OF PAVEMENT WHEN SERVING PRIMARY HIGHWAY TRAFFIC IN ILLINOIS. THE STRUCTURAL DESIGN WAS SELECTED BY THE ORIGINAL DESIGNERS, BASED ON INFORMATION AVAILABLE TO THEM AT THE TIME (1951), AS HAVING A POTENTIAL FOR AFFORDING ABOUT THE SAME PERFORMANCE AS TYPICAL RIGID PAVEMENTS THEN BEING CONSTRUCTED IN ILLINOIS. ITS PERFORMANCE WAS NOT UP TO EXPECTATIONS. WHEN THE CURRENT ILLINOIS FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR WHICH THE ASSHO ROAD TEST FINDINGS SERVED AS A BASIS WAS DEVELOPED, THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY WERE USED TO PROVIDE MODIFICATION THAT WOULD ACCOUNT FOR THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SERVICE AND EXPOSURE CONDITIONS AT THE ROAD TEST AND THOSE EXISTING IN THE MORE NORMAL SITUATION. /AUTHOR/ KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Bituminous aggregates KW - Bituminous materials KW - Bituminous surfacing KW - Flexible base pavements KW - Flexible pavements KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Primary highways KW - Surface treating UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/100207 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00207960 AU - Bissell, H AU - Camer, D AU - Eckert, R AU - Kelly Scientific Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FORECASTING OF HEAVY LOADING PATTERNS ON HIGHWAY BRIDGES PY - 1970/06 AB - THE PURPOSE WAS TO DEVELOP A GENERAL THEORY OR MODEL WHICH WILL ACCURATELY FORECAST THE MAGNITUDE AND FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF HEAVY LOADS ON HIGHWAY BRIDGES. TO FULFILL THIS OBJECTIVE, AN ELECTRONIC COMPUTER SIMULATION MODEL WAS DEVELOPED AND TESTED WHICH WILL PREDICT THE FREQUENCY OF LOAD RANGES THAT MAY BE EXPECTED TO OCCUR ON A BRIDGE OF SPECIFIED LENGTH FOR TRAFFIC VOLUMES WITH KNOWN VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS AND KNOWN APPROACH ROADWAY GEOMETRY. THE MODEL IS A TIME-STEP SIMULATION WHICH MOVES THE TRAFFIC OVER THE ROADWAY AND ACROSS THE BRIDGE ACCORDING TO KNOWN VEHICLE OPERATING RELATIONSHIPS. AS THE VEHICLES CROSS THE BRIDGE, THEIR AXLE WEIGHTS ARE SUMMED TO DETERMINE THE TOTAL LOAD ON THE BRIDGE DURING EACH TIME INCREMENT. WHEN A MAXIMUM WEIGHT IS DETERMINED, IT IS RECORDED IN THE PROPER LOAD RANGE INTERVAL. THE MODEL WAS VALIDATED BY SIMULATING TRAFFIC OVER A BRIDGE SITE LOCATED ON US ROUTE 301 JUST SOUTH OF MARYLAND ROUTE 4 NEAR UPPER MARLBORO, MARYLAND. THE RESULTS OF THE SIMULATION WERE COMPARED TO ACTUAL TRAFFIC MEASUREMENTS MADE BY THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND WHILE THEY WERE CONDUCTING DYNAMIC STRAIN STUDIES AT THIS BRIDGE SITE. THE SIMULATION RESULTS WERE WELL WITHIN THE RANGE OF EXPECTED VALUES. A SECTION OF THE REPORT IS DEVOTED TO ANALYTICAL METHODS OF EXTENDING THE RANGE OF PREDICTION PROVIDED BY THE SIMULATION MODEL. THE NECESSARY INTERACTION BETWEEN OBSERVATION, SIMULATION, AND ANALYSIS IS DISCUSSED; A SURVEY OF ANALYTICAL MODELS IS PRESENTED; AND EXAMPLES ARE PROVIDED OF COMPUTATIONS WHICH CAN BE MADE DIRECTLY FROM OBSERVATIONAL DATA WHICH LEAD TO LONG-TERM FORECASTS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Analysis KW - Axles KW - Computers KW - Forecasting KW - Highway bridges KW - Loading KW - Loads KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Simulation KW - Time step KW - Traffic KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/102600 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00201891 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SUMMARY OF REPORT ON BENEFITS OF INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS PY - 1970/06 AB - BENEFITS OF THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM INCLUDE THOSE RECEIVED BY PEOPLE WHILE USING HIGHWAYS AND BENEFITS ACCRUED TO PEOPLE IN THE COMMUNITIES INDIRECTLY AS A CONSEQUENCE OF HIGHWAY USE. BENEFITS ACCRUING TO INTERSTATE HIGHWAY USERS ARE SAVING IN TRAVEL TIME, OPERATING COSTS AND ACCIDENT REDUCTION. A 10% REDUCTION IN TRAVEL TIME HAS BEEN ACHIEVED BETWEEN CITIES. HIGHWAY TON MILES OF FREIGHT INCREASED BY OVER 60% DURING THE PAST 10 YEARS. HIGHWAYS IMPROVED OPPORTUNITIES FOR WORK AND LEISURE ACTIVITY. INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS INFLUENCE THE WAY LAND IS USED OR DEVELOPED AND LAND VALUES PROVIDE AN INDICATOR OF THE ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF LAND. THE IMPROVED ACCESSIBILITY OF HIGHWAYS INCREASES THE NUMBER OF POTENTIAL USES FOR LAND NEARBY. HIGHWAYS PROVIDE NEW SITES FOR DEVELOPMENT AND BENEFIT EMPLOYERS AND EMPLOYEES BY BROADENING THE LABOR AND JOB MARKETS AND REDUCING COMMUTER TRAVEL TIME. RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOODS CAN BENEFIT FROM REDUCED TRAFFIC. PEOPLE ARE GIVEN ADDITIONAL MOBILITY AND A BETTER OPPORTUNITY TO SHOP FOR GOODS AND SERVICES AT NEIGHBORHOOD STORES. COMMUNITY SERVICES AND ENVIRONMENT CAN BE IMPROVED BY JOINTLY DEVELOPING COMMUNITY FACILITIES WITH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION. INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS ALSO CAN HAVE A SIGNIFICANT BENEFICIAL IMPACT IN REDUCING AIR AND NOISE POLLUTION IN URBAN AREAS. INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS LEND THEMSELVES TO ENCOURAGING GROWTH CENTERS AWAY FROM EXISTING LARGE CITIES AND REMEDY UNDER-DEVELOPED AREAS. MANUFACTURING EMPLOYMENT IN THE CONNECTICUT TURNPIKE AREA INCREASED 27% BETWEEN 1956 AND 1962 COMPARED TO NO CHANGE OR DECLINE ELSEWHERE IN CONNECTICUT. KW - City planning KW - Community values KW - Commuting KW - Employment KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Land use KW - Land values KW - Motor vehicles KW - Operating costs KW - Shopper transportation KW - Shopping trips KW - Social values KW - Travel time KW - User benefits KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/91241 ER - TY - SER AN - 00204798 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Hottenstein, W L TI - EROSION CONTROL SAFETY, AND ESTHETICS ON THE ROADSIDE-SUMMARY OF CURRENT PRACTICE PY - 1970/06 AB - TURF, AN INDISPENSABLE ELEMENT OF THE HIGHWAY, IS ALMOST AS IMPORTANT AS GOOD DESIGN TO CONTROL EROSION AND PROVIDE THE ROADSIDE CONDITIONS NECESSARY FOR SAFE HIGHWAY TRAVEL PROPERLY DEVELOPED, GRASSES AND NATIVE SPECIES ALSO PROVIDE A BONUS FOR THE HIGHWAY USER-A COMPLETE HIGHWAY THAT IS ESTHETICALLY DESIRABLE AND PLEASING. CURRENT PRACTICES USED TO ESTABLISH GRASSES, ENCOURAGE NATURAL REGENERATION, AND MANAGE ROADSIDE TURF ARE SUMMARIZED BY THE AUTHOR WHO ALSO REVIEWS TURF USES AND DESIGN ELEMENTS OF CROSS SECTION, GRADE, AND EARTH STABILIZATION. /AUTHOR/ KW - Aesthetics KW - Erosion control KW - Grasses KW - Landscape maintenance KW - Roadside improvement KW - Turf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/97342 ER - TY - SER AN - 00223259 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Gordon, D A AU - Wood, H C TI - HOW DRIVERS LOCATE UNFAMILIAR ADDRESSES - AN EXPERIMENT IN ROUTE FINDING PY - 1970/06 AB - DRIVERS' PERFORMANCES IN WAY-FINDING WAS STUDIED BY OBSERVING 20 DRIVERS AS THEY DROVE TO TWO UNFAMILIAR ADDRESSESS, 11 AND 14 MILES FROM A STARTING POINT. THE DISTANCE TRAVELED, SPEED, AND TIME SPENT WERE COMPARED WITH THE PERFORMANCE OF A CONTROL GROUP, IN WHICH THE DRIVERS RECEIVED ON-ROUTE GUIDANCE INFORMATION. THE PERFORMANCE OF THE OBSERVED GROUP WAS NOT EFFICIENT. TO GET TO THE SAME DESTINATION, DRIVERS TRAVELED ALMOST HALF AGAIN AS FAR AS THE CONTROL GROUP, ACHIEVED LESS THAN TWO-THIRDS THE SPEED, AND TOOK MORE THAN TWICE AS LONG TO COMPLETE THEIR TRAVEL. THE EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT MOST TIME IS LOST IN THE AREA OF THE LOCAL ADDRESS. ALMOST ALL DRIVERS ADOPTED THE STRATEGY OF GOING TO THE LOCAL AREA AND ASKING SERVICE ATTENDANTS THERE FOR DETAILED ROUTING INFORMATION. SIX OF THE 20 DRIVERS STARTED OUT WITHOUT OBTAINING ANY ADVANCE INFORMATION AT ALL. /AUTHOR/ KW - Distance KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Experiments KW - Location KW - Origin and destination KW - Personnel performance KW - Routes KW - Speed KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/113397 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00219239 AU - Butler, B J AU - Nave, W R AU - Yoerger, R AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Bureau of Public Roads /US TI - EQUIPMENT FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF ROADSIDE COVER PY - 1970/06 AB - THIS FINAL REPORT IS PRIMARILY AN ADMINISTRATIVE DOCUMENT TO SUMMARIZE RESEARCH CONDUCTED FROM JULY 1958 THROUGH JUNE 1970. THE STUDY REPORTS PUBLISHED AS PART OF THIS RESEARCH ARE DOCUMENTED AND LISTED IN THE BIBLIOGRAPHY. A MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENT WAS THE DEVELOPMENT OF A FEED TABLE FOR MULCH BLOWERS. MAJOR MANUFACTURERS ARE UTILIZING THE DATA AND DESIGNS RESULTING FROM THIS FACET OF THE STUDY. ANOTHER SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION TO ROADSIDE EQUIPMENT EFFICIENCY WAS THE PRODUCTION OF A VARIABLE SWATH WIDTH SPRAY NOZZLE FOR THE APPLICATION OF HERBICIDES. /BPR/ KW - Blowers KW - Fans KW - Feeders KW - Herbicides KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Mulches KW - Nozzles KW - Roadside improvement KW - Sprayers KW - Spraying UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108666 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206413 AU - Brands, F AU - Cook, J C AU - Washington State University, Pullman AU - Bureau of Public Roads /US TI - PAVEMENT DEFLECTION MEASUREMENT-DYNAMIC: A FEASIBILITY STUDY PY - 1970/06 AB - THE FEASIBILITY WAS INVESTIGATED OF DEVELOPING A DEVICE OR TECHNIQUE TO PROVIDE RAPID MEASUREMENT OF PARAMETERS INDICATIVE OF ROADWAY CONDITION OR STRUCTURAL CAPACITY. A NEW SYSTEM CALLED "IMPULSE TESTING" HAS BEEN PROPOSED AND CONCEPTS PROVED IN THIS STUDY. THE SYSTEM IS BASED ON THE DEFLECTION OF THE PAVEMENT UNDER IMPULSE LOADING AND ALSO ON THE ENERGY PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PAVEMENT. THESE TWO PARAMETERS ARE COMBINED TO FORMULATE A QUANTITY WHICH IS CALLED THE IMPULSE INDEX AND WHICH HAS A HIGH DEGREE OF CORRELATION WITH THE STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF THE PAVEMENT. /AUTHOR/ KW - Deflection KW - Deflection tests KW - Impulses KW - Impulses (Mechanics) KW - Loading KW - Loads KW - Measuring instruments KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/100160 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01454517 AU - Shurig, D G AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Engineering Soils Map of Wabash County PY - 1970/05/27 SP - 41p AB - Development of an engineering soils map of Wabash County was the primary objective of this project. The purpose of the report is to supplement the information appearing on the engineering soils map. Routine airphoto interpretation techniques were used to outline land form boundaries. the final land form and parent material boundaries were graphically reduced to produce the engineering soils map. the map also includes a set of soil profiles which indicate the general soil profiles of topographically high and low sites in each parent material area. Each profile shows the general range in depth and texture of each soil horizon. KW - Aerial photography KW - Engineering soils KW - Landforms KW - Parent materials KW - Soil mapping KW - Soil series KW - Wabash County (Indiana) UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314517 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219098 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01454669 AU - Ramaswamy, S V AU - Perloff, William H AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Time-Dependent Deformation Characteristics of Compacted Cohesive Soils : Progress Report PY - 1970/05 SP - 77p AB - Experimental investigations of time-dependent shear strain characteristics of compacted cohesive soils under a step deviator stress load were conducted. It was found that by expressing creep parameters as a function of the ratio of the deviator stress to the deviator stress at failure, the effects of confining pressure and moisture content could be accounted for. It is shown that the response under second cycle of loading is more important for field structures and that the material constants obtained for small samples in the laboratory are valid for large structures also. When the principal stress directions were changed, the change in stress-strain-time behavior of the compacted soils indicated that they behaved as anisotropic materials. It was found that nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive equations may be used to predict the creep and recovery behavior of the compacted clays tested. KW - Cohesive soils KW - Compacted soils KW - Creep KW - Deformation curve KW - Embankments KW - Mechanics KW - Shear strain KW - Time dependent behavior UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314516 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219097 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00816470 AU - Salmons, J R AU - University of Missouri, Columbia AU - Missouri Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STUDY OF A PROPOSED PRECAST-PRESTRESSED COMPOSITE BRIDGE SYSTEM PY - 1970/05 SP - 58 p. AB - This final project report summarizes the research efforts on Missouri Cooperative Research Project No. 67-1, "Study of Precast-Prestressed Composite Slabs." A particular type of precast-prestressed composite box bridge deck system is proposed for use in highway bridge construction on primary and secondary roadways. The basic concept and design procedure, as well as an evaluation of the structural performance and an economic evaluation of the proposed system, are summarized. In addition to these summaries, design recommendations for the proposed systems are made. KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridge design KW - Composite structures KW - Economic analysis KW - Highway bridges KW - Performance evaluations KW - Precast concrete KW - Prestressed concrete bridges KW - Structural analysis UR - https://library.modot.mo.gov/RDT/reports/MCHRP/MCHRP69-2_reduced.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690764 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00207962 AU - Cook, J P AU - Bodocsi, A AU - University of Cincinnati AU - Ohio Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CRITERIA FOR YIELDING HIGHWAY SIGN SUPPORTS PY - 1970/05 SP - 167 p. AB - LIGHT WEIGHT STEEL CHANNEL POSTS EMBEDDED IN SOIL ARE USED FOR MOUNTING SMALL AND INTERMEDIATE SIZE HIGHWAY SIGNS. WHETHER THESE SIGN SUPPORTS WOULD YIELD WITHOUT CAUSING SERIOUS INJURY TO A VEHICLE OCCUPANT WHEN IMPACTED AT VARIOUS SPEEDS AND ANGLES AND IN VARIOUS SIZES AND SOIL SUPPORT CONDITIONS IS DETERMINED. THE SIGN SUPPORTS WERE EVALUATED BY A LABORATORY CRASH SIMULATOR BY 40 FULL SCALE FIELD CRASH TESTS AND BY A COMPUTERIZED THEORETICAL ANALYSIS. THE RESULTS OF THE THEORETICAL ANALYSIS WERE CORRELATED WITH EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS TO OTHER INSTALLATIONS. VEHICLE DECELERATION VALUES UPON IMPACT WERE OBTAINED FROM HIGH SPEED FILM DATA AND FROM ACCELEROMETERS MOUNTED IN THE CRASH VEHICLES. CORRELATION BETWEEN THE FILM DATA AND THE ACCELEROMETER DATA WAS FOUND TO BE VERY GOOD. THE CORRELATION WITH THE COMPUTERIZED THEORETICAL ANALYSIS IS ALSO VERY GOOD AND THE COMPUTER PROGRAM IS FLEXIBLE ENOUGH FOR THE RESULTS TO BE EXTRAPOLATED TO OTHER SOIL CONDITIONS, VEHICLE WEIGHTS, AND VEHICLE VELOCITIES. THE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT THE STEEL CHANNEL POST IS A YIELDING SIGN SUPPORT. DURING THE TEST PROGRAM, NO VALUES OF DECELERATION WERE RECORDED WHICH EXCEEDED CONSERVATIVE TOLERANCE LEVELS. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT FURTHER CRASH TEST RESEARCH BE CONDUCTED ON SPLICED SUPPORT POSTS, SIGN HARDWARE, AND SIGNS SUPPORTED ON THREE SUPPORT POSTS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Accelerometers KW - Bearing capacity KW - Breakaway supports KW - Computer programs KW - Crashes KW - Deceleration KW - Deceleration rate KW - High speed photography KW - Impact tests KW - Injuries KW - Poles (Supports) KW - Posts KW - Shape KW - Signal support (Structural) KW - Signals KW - Simulation KW - Soil conditions KW - Soil support value KW - Soils KW - Structural design KW - Structural shapes KW - Testing KW - Traffic signs KW - Training simulators KW - Velocity KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96725 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240821 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF THE EVALUATION OF A BUS TRANSIT SYSTEM IN A SELECTED URBAN AREA PY - 1970/05 AB - IN A FOLLOWUP TO A PREVIOUS STUDY THAT FOUND BUS TRANSIT TO BE A VIABLE ALTERNATIVE TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF MORE HIGHWAYS IN URBAN AREAS, THE FOLLOWING ELEMENTS ARE CONSIDERED: (1) THE EFFECT ON TRANSIT PATRONAGE OF VARIOUS POLICY MODIFICATIONS, SUCH AS CHANGES IN BUS FARES AND PARKING RATES; (2) HOW DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF TRANSIT SERVICE AND DESIGN CONTRIBUTE TO THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF BUS TRANSIT; (3) THE DIFFERENT EFFECTS OF CONGESTED AND UNCONGESTED ROADWAY FACILITIES ON TRANSIT PATRONAGE; AND (4) THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROVIDING PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SERVICE TO AN ENTIRE METROPOLITAN AREA THROUGH A FINE-GRAINED, UBIQUITOUS BUS TRANSIT NETWORK, INCLUDING EXCLUSIVE BUSWAYS, A DOWNTOWN TERMINAL, AND A PEDESTRIAN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM. /FHWA/ KW - Bus lanes KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Public transit KW - Transportation policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131593 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00262113 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REFLECTIVE TRAFFIC BEAD STUDY PY - 1970/05 SP - 51 p. AB - Evaluation of a new floating type of traffic bead by the Colorado Division of Highways shows that these small uniformly-graded beads are superior in both brightness and durability to the coarser traffic beads that the State had been using. The tests were performed on centerline stripes placed both on asphalt and concrete surfaces. During the three year test period, the brightness of 78 test sections was evaluated by human evaluation teams and by a photometer developed during the project. Plans for the construction of these photometers are included in the report as an aid to others who may want to evaluate bead performance. (A) KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Beading KW - Brightness KW - Center lines KW - Concrete pavements KW - Delineators (Traffic) KW - Evaluation KW - Floating structures KW - Highway delineators KW - Photometers KW - Reflective signs KW - Reflector buttons KW - Road marking materials KW - Striping KW - Traffic marking materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/135116 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00202582 AU - Chaves, J R AU - Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ELECTRONIC COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR ANALYTICAL STRIP TRIANGULATION PY - 1970/05 AB - THIS COMPUTER PROGRAM REPRESENTS THE COMBINATION OF TWO PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED PROGRAMS FOR ANALYTICAL AERIAL TRIANGULATION. THE FIRST OF THESE IS TITLED "AEROTRIANGULATION: IMAGE COORDINATE REFINEMENT" BY M. KELLER AND G. C. TEWINKEL, U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY TECHNICAL BULLETIN NO. 25 DATED MARCH 1965. THE SECOND IS TITLED "AN INTRODUCTION TO ANALYTICAL STRIP TRIANGULATION WITH A FORTRAN PROGRAM" BY G. H. SCHUT, NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF CANADA AP-PR34 DATED DECEMBER, 1966. /FHWA/ KW - Aerial surveying KW - Aerial surveys KW - Analysis KW - Computer programs KW - Strip KW - Strip method KW - Triangulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/91340 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00207983 AU - Darroch, J G AU - Furr, H L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BRIDGE DECK CONDITION SURVEY PY - 1970/05 AB - FORTY-FIVE STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS (BRIDGE TYPE, AGE, DESIGN SPECIFICATION, TRAFFIC DENSITY, ETC.) AND 13 DECK-CONDITION VARIABLES (DEGREE AND EXTENT OF SCALING, CRACKING, DELAMINATION, GENERAL DECK CONDITION, ETC.) WERE IN TABLES SHOWING FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE OF POURS UNDER EACH CONDITION AND WERE APPRAISED FOR STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION. A RELATIVE FREQUENCY TABLE WAS PREPARED FOR COMBINATIONS SHOWING REAL ASSOCIATION. THE STUDY REVEALED THAT SCALING IS ENHANCED BY DEICING SALT AND IS MARKEDLY REDUCED IN AIR-ENTRAINED CONCRETE. THERE IS CONSIDERABLE LONGITUDINAL CRACKING IN PAN-FORMED BRIDGES BUT IT IS PREDOMINATELY TRANSVERSE IN OTHER TYPES. DECKS SUPPORTED ON STEEL BEAMS ARE MORE SEVERELY DETERIORATED THAN THOSE SUPPORTED BY CONCRETE BEAMS. THERE IS ONLY A SLIGHT ADVANTAGE FOR CENTRAL-MIXED CONCRETE OVER TRANSIT-MIXED CONCRETE. THE DECKS WITH THE NORMAL TYPE CROWN SHOW LESS DETERIORATION THAN THOSE WITH CONSTANT SLOPE CROWN. BRIDGES WITH HIGHER TRAFFIC DENSITY SHOW A LOWER PERCENTAGE OF SEVERE DETERIORATION THAN THOSE WITH LOW TRAFFIC DENSITY; BUT HIGHER TRAFFIC DENSITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE NEWER BRIDGES BUILT UNDER MORE RECENT DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS. BRIDGES CARRYING GREATER WHEEL LOADS APPEAR TO BE IN BETTER CONDITION THAN THOSE WITH LIGHTER LOADS BUT AGE IS A FACTOR HERE. LESS CRACKING AND SCALING OF DECKS APPEARS IN BRIDGES WHERE THE CONCRETE MIX INCLUDES RETARDING AND WATER REDUCING ADMIXTURES. RECOMMENDATIONS ARE INCLUDED IN THIS STUDY. /FHWA/ KW - Age KW - Air entrained concrete KW - Beams KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridges KW - Concrete KW - Concrete beams KW - Concrete mixing KW - Deicing chemicals KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Longitudinal cracking KW - Ready mixed concrete KW - Scaling KW - Statistical analysis KW - Steel structures KW - Traffic volume KW - Transverse cracking KW - Wheel loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/102712 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00224971 AU - Colorado Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REFLECTIVE TRAFFIC BEAD STUDY PY - 1970/05 AB - EVALUATION OF A NEW FLOATING TYPE OF TRAFFIC BEAD SHOWS THAT THESE SMALL UNIFORMLY-GRADED BEADS ARE SUPERIOR IN BOTH BRIGHTNESS AND DURABILITY TO THE COARSER TRAFFIC BEADS THAT THE STATE HAD BEEN USING. THE TESTS WERE PERFORMED ON CENTERLINE STRIPES PLACED ON BOTH ASPHALT AND CONCRETE SURFACES. DURING THE 3 YEAR TEST PERIOD, THE BRIGHTNESS OF 78 TEST SECTIONS WAS EVALUATED BY HUMAN EVALUATION TEAMS AND BY A PHOTOMETER DEVELOPED DURING THE PROJECT. PLANS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THESE PHOTOMETERS ARE INCLUDED AS AN AID TO OTHERS WHO MAY WANT TO EVALUATE BEAD PERFORMANCE. /AUTHOR/ KW - Asphalt KW - Brightness KW - Concrete KW - Durability KW - Glass beads KW - Photometers KW - Reflective beads KW - Test sections UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/114826 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00201922 AU - Oehmann, J C AU - Davis, J M AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN EXPLORATIVE FREEWAY COST EARNINGS STUDY PY - 1970/05 AB - COMPARATIVE COSTS AND USER-TAX EARNINGS OF FREEWAYS IN RURAL, SUBURBAN, AND URBAN AREAS ARE ANALYZED. THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE NEED FOR AND THE DESIGN AND COST OF FREEWAYS ARE INFLUENCED BY PEAK-LOAD CONDITIONS, PARTICULARLY THE MORNING AND EVENING SURGES OF COMMUTER TRAFFIC IN URBAN AREAS ARE DISCUSSED. BOTH THE AVERAGE "UNIT-COST" COMPARISON AND THE "PAY-BACK" METHOD PRODUCED FINDINGS INDICATING THAT, IN GENERAL, THE URBAN FREEWAYS ARE CAPABLE OF EARNING THEIR WAY, NO LESS SO THAN THE SUBURBAN AND RURAL FREEWAYS. IN ANALYZING THE COST CHARGEABLE TO PEAK-LOAD USERS, BOTH THE DIFFERENTIAL-COST ANALYSIS METHOD AND THE METHOD IN WHICH THE TOTAL COST IS ALLOCATED ENTIRELY TO THE PEAK-LOAD TRAFFIC PRESENT CERTAIN DIFFICULTIES. A COMPARISON OF FREEWAY COSTS PER VEHICLE-MILE DERIVED FROM AVERAGE UNIT-COST, PEAK-LOAD DIFFERENTIAL, AND PEAK-LOAD FULL-RESPONSIBILITY ANALYSES IS PRESENTED. /AUTHOR/ KW - Analysis KW - Commuting KW - Comparative analysis KW - Cost allocation KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Freeway capacity KW - Freeway planning KW - Freeways KW - Highway capacity KW - Highway planning KW - Pay back KW - Peak loads KW - Peak periods KW - Rural highways KW - Suburbs KW - Taxation KW - Unit costs KW - Urban highways KW - User charges KW - User tax UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/91246 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00224951 AU - Kuble, L G AU - Donner, R L AU - California Division of Highways AU - Bureau of Public Roads /US TI - MINI-COMPUTERS AND TRAFFIC CONTROL PY - 1970/05 AB - THE FEASIBILITY OF THE APPLICATION OF COMPUTERS TO INDIVIDUAL TRAFFIC CONTROL WAS STUDIED. VARIOUS TRAFFIC CONTROLLER CONFIGURATIONS WERE SIMULATED BY COMPUTER PROGRAM WITH A SMALL MINI-COMPUTER. THE VERSATILITY OF THE VARIABLE LOGIC HARDWARE OF THE COMPUTER WAS DEMONSTRATED IN THE LABORATORY. A SUCCESSFUL FIELD INSTALLATION WAS MADE OF A MINI-COMPUTER TO REPLACE A STANDARD CONTROLLER CONFIGURATION. THE ADVANTAGES OF THE USE OF VARIABLE LOGIC COMPUTER AS A TRAFFIC CONTROLLER INCLUDES THE EASE OF MODIFICATION OF TRAFFIC CONTROL LOGIC AND THE ELIMINATION OF "FIXED" HARDWARE LOGIC CONSTRAINTS IMPOSED BY CURRENTLY USED CONVENTIONAL CONTROLLERS. THE APPLICATION OF MINI-COMPUTERS TO TRAFFIC CONTROL IS FEASIBLE AND VERY DESIRABLE. COST ANALYSIS INDICATES THAT A COMPUTER CONTROLLER WOULD BE COMPARABLE IN COST TO THE CURRENT, MUCH LESS VERSATILE. FIXED LOGIC CONTROLLER SYSTEMS USED IN MANY INSTALLATIONS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Computer programs KW - Computers KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Hardware KW - Information processing KW - Simulation KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/114808 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00212085 AU - Li, S T AU - Ramakrishnan, V AU - Rangan, B V AU - South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City AU - South Dakota Department of Transportation AU - Bureau of Public Roads /US TI - OPTIMUM MIX DESIGN FOR GAP-GRADED CONCRETE PY - 1970/05 AB - AN OPTIMUM MIX-DESIGN METHOD IS PRESENTED FOR PROPORTIONING GAP-GRADED CONCRETE, BASED ON MIX PROPORTIONS OF OPTIMIZED CEMENT CONTENTS TO ACHIEVE VARIOUS COMPRESSIVE STRENGTHS. A STEP-BY-STEP PROCEDURE FOR USING THIS METHOD, TOGETHER WITH AN ILLUSTRATIVE NUMERICAL EXAMPLE IS DEVELOPED. THE PROPOSED MIX DESIGN METHOD, WHEN COMPARED WITH THAT OF ACI COMMITTEE 211 (ACI 613-54, REVISED 1969), SHOWS THAT FOR EQUAL MAXIMUM SIZE OF COARSE AGGREGATE, COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, AND WORKABILITY, A GAP-GRADED CONCRETE PROPORTIONED BY THE PRESENT METHOD WOULD GIVE AN AVERAGE SAVING OF ABOUT 34 PERCENT IN CEMENT CONTENT VERSUS THE CONVENTIONAL CONCRETE PROPORTIONED BY THAT OF ACI 613-54 (REVISED 1969.) A COMPARISON OF THE PRESENT METHOD WITH CLASS A MIX IN THE STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR ROADS AND BRIDGES, STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS, SHOWS THAT THE GAP-GRADED CONCRETE PROPORTIONED BY THE PRESENT METHOD WOULD GIVE A SAVING OF ABOUT 30 PERCENT IN CEMENT CONTENT FOR ACHIEVING THE SAME RESULTS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Cement content KW - Coarse aggregates KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete KW - Design KW - Gap grading KW - Mix design KW - Optimization KW - Optimum design KW - Performance based specifications KW - Proportioning KW - Specifications KW - Workability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/98470 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00215929 AU - Grey, R L AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Bureau of Public Roads /US TI - ASPHALT CONTENT STUDIES BY THE NUCLEAR METHOD PY - 1970/05 AB - A STUDY OF ASPHALT CONTENT DETERMINATION BY NEUTRON-THERMALIZATION TECHNIQUES WAS PERFORMED AT VARIOUS BITUMINOUS BATCH PLANTS WITH A PROTOTYPE ASPHALT CONTENT GAUGE. THE GAUGE HAS BEEN SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED TO PROVIDE A SENSITIVE MEASURE OF BITUMEN CONTENT UNDER FIELD TESTING CONDITIONS. THE NEUTRON-THERMALIZATION GAUGE REPORTED HAD PREVIOUSLY BEEN TESTED IN THE LABORATORY ON CONTROLLED SAMPLES. AN INVESTIGATION WAS MADE INTO GAUGE RESPONSE FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF AGGREGATE AND ALSO FOR SIMILAR AGGREGATES OF VARYING GRADATION. TESTS WERE CONDUCTED ON DIFFERENT BATCHES OF ASPHALT CEMENT OF A GIVEN MANUFACTURE IN AN ATTEMPT TO STUDY THE VARIATION OF HYDROGEN CONTENT INHERENT IN THESE SAMPLES. RESULTS FOR THE CALIBRATED GAUGE WERE COMPARED TO DESIGN CONTENT FIGURED AND EXTRACTION RESULTS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Aggregates KW - Asphalt cement KW - Asphalt content KW - Hydrogen KW - Measuring instruments KW - Nuclear hydrogen determination KW - Nuclear phenomena UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108042 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00215934 AU - Girard, R AU - Missouri State Highway Department AU - Bureau of Public Roads /US TI - INVESTIGATION OF PAINTS AND GLASS BEADS USED IN TRAFFIC DELINEATION MARKINGS - PHASE I PY - 1970/05 AB - THE FIELD EVALUATION OF A MISSOURI DISPERSION RESIN-VARNISH TYPE PAINT AND A CHLORINATED RUBBER-ALKYD PAINT IN A TRANSVERSE STRIPE CLEARLY INDICATES THE SUPERIORITY OF THE CHLORINATED RUBBER-ALKYD PAINT TO RESIST WEAR. THE RESULTS INDICATE THAT THERE IS APPROXIMATELY 1% INCREASES IN EXPECTED LIFE FOR EACH INCREASE IN WET FILM MIL THICKNESS FOR THE MISSOURI DISPERSION RESIN-VARNISH TYPE PAINTS AND 3% INCREASES IN EXPECTED LIFE FOR EACH INCREASE IN WET FILM APPLIED IN THICKNESS RANGE FROM 10 MILE TO 20 MILE. THE METHOD OF VISUAL EVALUATION OF THE PAINT STRIPES WHICH CORRELATED BEST WITH THE ACTUAL STRIPE LIFE WAS THE GENERAL APPEARANCE RATING SYSTEM. VISUAL EVALUATION WAS ALSO MADE BY THE ABRASION AND CHIPPING RATING SYSTEMS AS DESCRIBED BY ASTM. /AUTHOR/ KW - Abrasions KW - Chippings KW - Delineators (Traffic) KW - Durability KW - Glass beads KW - Highway delineators KW - Paint KW - Road markings KW - Service life KW - Striping KW - Thickness KW - Traffic marking UR - https://library.modot.mo.gov/RDT/reports/MCHRP/MCHRP70-3_reduced.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108046 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00212084 AU - Li, S T AU - Ramakrishnan, V AU - South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City AU - South Dakota Department of Transportation AU - Bureau of Public Roads /US TI - FINISHABILITY OF GAP-GRADED VS. CONTINOUSLY-GRADED CONCRETE--TECH REPORT NO 8 PY - 1970/05 AB - THE TESTS WERE CONDUCTED ON SLABS, 3-FT. SQUARE AND 6-IN. THICK, CAST IN STEEL-FRAMED MOLDS WITH 12 DIFFERENT MIXES OF GAP- AND CONTINOUSLY-GRADED CONCRETES. THE PROCEDURE AFTER BRINK WAS USED TO CONSOLIDATE AND FINISH THE CONCRETE. OBSERVATIONS WERE MADE ON THE PHYSICAL APPEARANCE OF THE PLASTIC CONCRETE. PICTORIAL RECORDS OF THE FINISHED SURFACES ARE PRESENTED. THE RECORDED VIBRATION TIME THE NUMBER OF STRIKE-OFFS NEEDED TO OBTAIN A GOOD SURFACE FINISH, AND THE PICTORIAL RECORDS OF THE FINAL APPEARANCE ALL CLEARLY SHOW THAT, FOR EQUAL COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, DEPSITE ITS LESS CEMENT CONTENT AND HIGHER AGGREGATE-CEMENT RATIO, GAP-GRADED CONCRETE IS EQUALLY PLACEABLE, WORKABLE, AND FINISHABLE AS ITS CONTINUOUSLY- GRADED COUNTERPART. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT GAP-GRADED CONCRETE, THOUGH WITH A RELATIVELY STIFFER AND DRIER MIX, COULD BE PLACED AND FINISHED, WITHOUT UNDUE EFFORT FOR ALL HIGHWAY FACILITIES WHEREIN CONTINUOUSLY-GRADED CONCRETE HAS BEEN USED. A CONSIDERABLE SAVING IN CEMENT CONTENT AND APPRECIABLE IMPROVEMENTS IN PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES ARE THE REALISTICALLY ACHIEVABLE ADVANTAGES THROUGH THE USE OF GAP-GRADED CONCRETE. /AUTHOR/ KW - Cement content KW - Concrete KW - Concrete finishing KW - Concrete placing KW - Gap grading KW - Mixtures KW - Polymer concrete KW - Workability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/98467 ER - TY - SER AN - 00201890 JO - Land Economics PB - University of Wisconsin Press AU - Roberts, M J TI - TRANSPORT PRICING AND DISTRIBUTION EFFICIENCY PY - 1970/05 AB - A BRIEF REVIEW IS PRESENTED OF SOME SALIENT MARKET CHARACTERISTICS IN A FORMULATION FOR DEMAND DERIVATIONS IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY SOURCES OF DISTRIBUTION INEFFICIENCY AND TO ASSESS THE RESULTING IMPLICATIONS FOR TRANSPORT PRICING. AN ATTEMPT IS MADE TO IDENTIFY THE OCCASIONS FOR POSSIBLE DEPARTURES FROM DISTRIBUTRION EFFICIENCY AND TO CONSIDER THE APPROACHES TO TRANSPORT PRICING CALCULATED TO COUNTER THIS ABERRATION. THE SYSTEM USED SHOWS THAT THE MOST EFFICIENT TRANSPORTATION MEDIUM IN A PARTICULAR SITUATION IS THE ONE WHICH OPTIMIZES THE SYSTEM AS A WHOLE BY ACHIEVING THE LOWEST OVERALL TOTAL DISTRIBUTION COSTS. THESE CONSIDERTIONS PROVIDE A UNIQUE MEANS TO QUANTIFY THE QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF ALTERNATE MOVEMENT SYSTEMS IN A GIVEN DISTRIBUTION COMPLEX. THE KEY IS FOUND ON THE EFFECT WHICH ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTATION SERVICES OF AN EQUAL QUALITY HAVE ON TOTAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM COSTS. THESE OUTLAYS WHICH ARE INFLUENCED BY MODAL SELECTIONS MAY BE DUBBED-NON-TRANSPORT COSTS AND ARE IDENTIFIED WITH THE NOTATION NTC. FOR BOTH ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS AND MEASUREMENT FEASIBILITY IT IS MORE EFFICIENT TO WORK WITH NTC DIFFERENTIALS BETWEEN ALTERNATIVE MODES. THE COMPOSITION IS ACCEPTED THAT INTER-MODAL DIFFERENTIAL IN NTC MEASURES VARY AMONG SHIPPERS OR BLOCKS OF TRAFFIC IN A GIVEN MARKET. SOME POTENTIALLY SIGNIFICANT GENERALIZATIONS ARE SUGGESTED BY THE FOLLOWING ABSTRACT RELATIONSHIPS (1) WITH FIXED PRICE AND MARGINAL COST RELATIONS IN THE FACE OF VARYING NTC DIFFERENTIALS, PROTECTING EFFICIENCY IN TERMS OF INTER-MODAL TRAFFIC ALLOCATIONS AND MINIMUM OVERALL DISTRIBUTION COSTS IS MORE COMPLICATED THAN COMMONLY RECOGNIZED, (2) EMPIRICAL RESEARCH IN KEY ASPECTS OF TRANSPORT MARKET STRUCTURE IS NEEDED TO DETERMINE THE REAL WORLD SIGNIFICANCE OF THE THEORETICALLY POSSIBLE EFFICIENCY ABERRATIONS, (3) A FEW GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ARE MADE ABOUT PRICING POLICY THAT FURTHER RESEARCH MAY VALIDATE, AND (4)RATIONAL SHIPPING PURCHASER DECISIONS ARE AS SIGNIFICANT FOR EFFICIENCY AS CARRIER PRICING. THE PROPER ROLE OF REGULATION SEEMS TO DEPEND ON THE EFFIEIENCY REFINEMENTS THAT ARE DESIRED AND ON THE EMPIRICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE EFFICIENCY ABERRATIONS THAT WOULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH MARKET-ORIENTED RATES. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Distribution costs KW - Distribution systems KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Modal selection KW - Mode choice KW - Physical distribution KW - Prices KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/90464 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00212081 AU - Li, S T AU - Ramakrishnan, V AU - Aranke, V R AU - South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City AU - South Dakota Department of Transportation AU - Bureau of Public Roads /US TI - GAP-GRADED VERSUS CONTINUOUSLY GRADED SHRINKAGE COMPENSATING CONCRETE PY - 1970/05 AB - A COMPARATIVE STUDY IS PRESENTED OF EXPANSION-SHRINKAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF GAP-GRADED AND CONTINUOUSLY-GRADED SHRINKAGE-COMPENSATING TYPE-K CONCRETES. TYPE-K SHRINKAGE-COMPENSATING CEMENT CONTENT HAS BEEN ADOPTED AS THE MAIN VARIABLE PARAMETER. THE INFLUENCE OF THIS PARAMETER ON THE EXPANSION-SHRINKAGE CHARACTERISTICS IS STUDIED FOR 50 SPECIMENS OF GAP-GRADED AND CONTINUOUSLY-GRADED CONCRETES. SPECIMENS CONSISTED OF TWO TYPES: (1) WITH LATERAL REINFORCEMENT (1.16 PERCENT), AND (2) WITHOUT ANY REINFORCEMENT. THE SPECIMENS USED WERE 3 X 3 X 11.5-IN. CONCRETE PRISMS ON WHICH EXPANSION AND SHRINKAGE MEASUREMENTS WERE TAKEN ALONG THEIR LENGTHS. ALL THE SPECIMENS WERE MADE OUT OF TWO CONCRETE MIXES OF A 3/4-IN. MAXIMUM-SIZE AGGREGATE AND OF MEAN TARGET STRENGTH ABOUT 5500 PSI, ONE FOR GAP-GRADED AND THE OTHER FOR CONTINUOUSLY-GRADED CONCRETE, HAVING DIFFERENT PERCENTAGES OF TYPE-K CEMENT CONTENT. WITHIN THE RANGE AND PREMISES OF THE PRESENT INVESTIGATION, IT CAN BE CONCLUDED THAT UNRESTRAINED CONTINUOUSLY-GRADED SHRINKAGE-COMPENSATING CONCRETE REQUIRES 37.7 PERCENT MORE TYPE-K CEMENT, WHILE, WITH LATERAL RESTRAINT, IT REQUIRES 39.2 PERCENT MORE TYPE-K CEMENT, THAN THE EQUIVALENT GAP-GRADED SHRINKAGE-COMPENSATING CONCRETE HAVING SAME COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND WORKABILITY. THUS, THIS INVESTIGATION HAS SHOWN THAT A SIGNIFICANT ECONOMY CAN BE ACHIEVED FOR SHRINKAGE-COMPENSATING CONCRETES BY ADOPTING GAP GRADING INSTEAD OF THE CONVENTIONAL CONTINUOUS GRADING OF AGGREGATES. /AUTHOR/ KW - Admixtures KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Cement content KW - Compressive strength KW - Expansion KW - Expansive cement KW - Gap grading KW - Measurement KW - Shrinkage KW - Workability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/98462 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00212082 AU - Li, S T AU - Ramakrishnan, V AU - South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City AU - South Dakota Department of Transportation AU - Bureau of Public Roads /US TI - PERMEABILITY OF GAP-GRADED VERSUS CONTINUOUSLY-GRADED CONCRETE PY - 1970/05 AB - THE PERMEABILITY TESTS WERE PERFORMED BY FORCING WATER THROUGH CONCRETE SPECIMENS OF 5 3/4-IN. LONG BY 6-IN. IN DIAMETER UNDER A PRESSURE OF 400 PSI AND BY MEASURING THE RATE OF PERCOLATION. THE PERMEABILITY COEFFICIENTS ARE OBTAINED FOR GAP-GRADED AND CONTINUOUSLY-GRADED CONCRETES HAVING THE SAME MAXIMUM SIZE OF COARSE AGGREGATE, IDENTICAL CEMENT CONTENT, AND APPROXIMATELY EQUAL WORKABILITY. THE TEST RESULTS INDICATE THAT COEFFICIENT-OF-PERMEABILITY VALUES RANGE FROM 0 TO 0.000033 FOR BOTH GAP-GRADED AND CONTINUOUSLY-GRADED CONCRETES. THEY ARE THEREFORE ESSENTIALLY IMPERMEABLE AS COMPARED WITH AN AVERAGE VALUE OF 0.0015 FOR GOOD QUALITY CONCRETE. HOWEVER, THE COMPARISON OF THE INFLOW-TIME CURVES INDICATED THAT GAP-GRADED CONCRETE APPEARS LESS PERMEABLE THAN CONTINUOUSLY-GRADED CONCRETE FOR EQUAL CEMENT CONTENT AND MAXIMUM SIZE OF COARSE AGGREGATE. THE GAP-GRADED CONCRETE HAD SLIGHTLY LESS WATER-CEMENT RATIO AND HIGHER COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH. /AUTHOR/ KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Cement content KW - Coarse aggregates KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete KW - Concrete properties KW - Gap grading KW - Measurement KW - Percolation KW - Percolation rate KW - Permeability KW - Permeability coefficient KW - Permeability measurement KW - Physical properties KW - Water cement ratio KW - Workability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/98464 ER - TY - SER AN - 00239956 JO - Transportation Department News TI - INTERSTATE HIGHWAY 75 WILL TAKE AN UNPLANNED SWERVE PY - 1970/04/29 AB - FEDERAL AND STATE HIGHWAY OFFICIALS AGREED TO MOVE THE ORIGINALLY-PLANNED ROUTE OF INTERSTATE 75 SOME 300 FEET TO THE WEST TO AVOID DISTURBING AN EAGLE'S NEST IN THE TOP OF A 50-FOOT PINE TREE. THE EAGLE'S NEST WAS CALLED TO OFFICIAL ATTENTION DURING THE INITIAL PUBLIC HEARINGS ON THE EXTENSION OF INTERSTATE 75 FROM TAMPA TO MIAMI. BY MOVING THE ROAD 300 FEET FROM THE TREE THE CHANCE OF DISTURBING THE BIRDS WOULD BE REDUCED AND THE TRAVELLING PUBLIC STILL MIGHT GET A CHANCE TO GLIMPSE THEM WHILE DRIVING BY. THIS INCIDENT POINTS UP THE VALUE OF THE PUBLIC HEARING PROCESS THROUGH WHICH HIGHWAY ROUTES ARE DETERMINED. KW - Eagles nest KW - Governments KW - Hearings KW - Highway location KW - Highways KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Location KW - Public KW - Route choice UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/130519 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00227018 AU - SOMMERVILLE, D AU - Glauz, W D AU - St John, A D AU - Midwest Research Institute AU - Missouri State Highway Commission AU - Bureau of Public Roads /US TI - USER'S MANUAL FOR THE SIMULATION - TRAFFIC SIMULATION FOR THE DESIGN OF UNIFORM SERVICE ROADS IN MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN, VOL. IV PY - 1970/04/21 AB - A DETAILED SIMULATION OF MULTILANE HIGHWAY FLOW HAS BEEN DEVELOPED, AND APPLIED TO FLOWS OF A MIXTURE OF COMMERCIAL AND PASSENGER VEHICLES ON GRADES AND LEVEL TERRAIN. OVERALL PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND INFORMATION FOR USERS WISHING TO RUN IT ON A CONTROL DATA CORPORATION 6400 UNDER THE SCOPE 3.1.6 OPERATING SYSTEM IS PRESENTED. SUGGESTED PROCEDURES FOR RUNNING IT ON OTHER SYSTEMS ARE ALSO INCLUDED. EXCEPT FOR ONE SHORT ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE ROUTINE, THE ENTIRE PROGRAM IS WRITTEN IN FORTRAN IV. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE PROGRAM WAS WRITTEN TO BE MACHINE INDEPENDENT. COMPUTER WORK SIZE MUST BE 32 BITS OR MORE. ON THE 6400 IT RUNS IN ABOUT 32,000 WORDS IN ADDITION TO THE SYSTEM. ON THE IBM 360 IT IS EXPECTED TO REQUIRE ABOUT 170 K BYTES UNLESS IT IS OVERLAID SO EXTENSIVELY AS TO SERIOUSLY DEGRADE RUNNING TIME. THE SIMULATION PROGRAM HAS THREE PARTS. THEY ARE PROGRAM I, CONSISTING OF ABOUT 1,400 SOURCE CARDS; PROGRAM II, CONSISTING OF ABOUT 6,000 SOURCE CARDS; AND PROGRAM III, CONSISTING OF THREE PARTS OF ABOUT 1,200 SOURCE CARDS EACH. /AUTHOR/ KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Frontage roads KW - Grades KW - Manuals KW - Mountains KW - Multilane highways KW - Simulation KW - Slopes KW - Traffic KW - Traffic simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115204 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01563446 AU - Mortimer, R G AU - Segel, L AU - Dugoff, H AU - Campbell, J D AU - Jorgeson, C M AU - Murphy, R W AU - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor AU - National Highway Safety Bureau AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Brake Force Requirement Study: Driver-Vehicle Braking Performance as a Function of Brake System Design Variables PY - 1970/04/10/Final Report SP - 222p AB - The objective of this study was to define those brake characteristics, within the space bounded by the relationship between brake pedal force and vehicle deceleration, which lead to acceptable driver-vehicle performance. A driver-vehicle braking test was performed in which the deceleration/pedal force ratio, the pedal displacement, the surface-tire friction, and driver characteristics (age, weight) were systematically varied in order to determine the influence of these variables upon minimum stopping distance and other performance variables. The tests that were performed on a low coefficient of friction surface showed that high values of deceleration/pedal force gain result in large number of wheel lockups and lower mean deceleration in bringing the vehicle to a stop, compared to intermediate or low deceleration/pedal force gain levels. Tests conducted on intermediate and high coefficient of friction surfaces showed that high and intermediate deceleration/pedal force gains produced greater mean decelerations and greater frequencies of wheel lockups than lower gain systems. The frequency of loss of lateral control was significantly greater with the high deceleration/pedal force gain brakes on all surfaces than with lower gains. There were minor benefits of 2.5 inch pedal displacement compared to zero inches. Potential brake failures and their effects upon pedal force requirements were analyzed. The implications of the findings for a vehicle braking standard were shown in terms of deceleration/pedal force gain and pedal force. KW - Brakes KW - Braking performance KW - Coefficient of friction KW - Deceleration KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Stopping distances KW - Vehicle performance UR - http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/1354/13894.0001.001.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y UR - http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/1354 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1353033 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00227015 AU - Kobett, D R AU - St John, A D AU - Midwest Research Institute AU - Missouri State Highway Commission AU - Bureau of Public Roads /US TI - VOL 1 - EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM TRAFFIC SIMULATION FOR THE DESIGN OF UNIFORM SERVICE ROADS IN MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN PY - 1970/04/01 AB - EXPERIMENTAL TRAFFIC DATA WERE OBTAINED IN SUPPORT OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A SIMULATION MODEL OF TRAFFIC FLOW IN MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN. THE DATA WERE COLLECTED ON RURAL FOUR LANE DIVIDED HIGHWAYS AT TWO CALIFORNIA LOCATIONS. TIME LAPSE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND GROUND BASED TRAFFIC COUNTS AND SPEED MEASUREMENTS WERE OBTAINED ON THE "FIVE-MILE GRADE" (INTERSTATE 5) NORTH OF LOS ANGELES. TRAFFIC COUNTS AND SPEED MEASUREMENTS WERE MADE ON THE "CORDELIA" GRADE (INTERSTATE 80) WEST OF SACRAMENTO. DATA WERE OBTAINED FROM THE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS ON LANE CHANGING AND VEHICLE SPEEDS IN PASSING. THE TRAFFIC COUNTS WERE USED TO ESTABLISH THE DISTRIBUTION OF VEHICLES TO LANE AS A FUNCTION OF TRAFFIC CONDITIONS AND ROADWAY GRADES. THE SPEED MEASUREMENTS WERE USED TO DEFINE THE DISTRIBUTIONS OF UNIMPEDED VEHICLE SPEEDS AND THE EFFECTS OF PROLONGED GRADES ON THE DISTRIBUTIONS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Aerial photography KW - Divided highways KW - Four lane highways KW - Frontage roads KW - Grades KW - Lane distribution KW - Mathematical models KW - Measurement KW - Models KW - Mountains KW - Simulation KW - Slopes KW - Speed KW - Time lapse photography KW - Traffic KW - Traffic counts KW - Traffic flow UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115202 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206439 AU - Colorado Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF COLORADO'S FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT BASE DESIGN METHODS-FINAL REPORT PY - 1970/04 AB - TWENTY-SEVEN FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT PROJECTS 15 TO 16 YEARS OLD WERE INVESTIGATED TO CORRELATE PERFORMANCE WITH MOISTURE, TRAFFIC, SOIL, AND DESIGN CONDITIONS. THE FOLLOWING CONCLUSIONS ARE GIVEN: (1) USED BASE AND SUBBASE MATERIAL IN COLORADO IS REUSABLE. NO DEGRADATION OR ADULTERATION OF BASE AND SUBBASE AGGREGATES OCCURS AFTER 15 TO 20 YEARS USE UNDER A FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT IN THIS DRY CLIMATE. (2) LOSS OF SERVICEABILITY IS HARDENING AND CRACKING OF THE ASPHALT MAT. (3) IN-PLACE CALIFORNIA BEARING TEST VALUES ON SUBGRADE MATERIALS WERE ALMOST TWICE AS HIGH AS LABORATORY CBR TESTS PERFORMED ON SOAKED SAMPLES 15 TO 20 YEARS AGO. (4) TRAFFIC VOLUMES PREDICTED 15 TO 20 YEARS AGO WERE REASONABLY ACCURATE FOR 20 OUT OF 27 PROJECTS INVESTIGATED. (5) TWO-THIRDS OF THE DENSITIES TAKEN IN THE SUBGRADES WERE BETWEEN 95% AND 100% OF THE AASHO T-99 STANDARD. LOW DENSITY SUBGRADES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH WET CLAYEY SUBGRADES. (6) LONGITUDINAL CRACKING NEAR THE EDGES OF MATS IS ASSOCIATED WITH NARROW SHOULDERS AND STEEP EMBANKMENT SLOPES. BLOW-SANDS AND LOOSE ROCK FILLS SHOULD BE WIDENED TO PROVIDE BETTER LATERAL SUPPORT. (7) ALMOST ALL WEAK SPOTS OBSERVED WERE ASSOCIATED WITH POOR DRAINAGE AREAS. (8) DEFLECTION DATA MAY PROVIDE A FAIR GUIDE TO THE AMOUNT OF USEFUL LIFE REMAINING IN A ROADWAY, BUT IT DOES NOT CORRELATE WELL WITH PERFORMANCE OF LOW-TRAFFIC ROADWAYS IN COLORADO. /AUTHOR/ KW - Base KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Conditions KW - Data KW - Deflection KW - Density KW - Design KW - Flexible pavements KW - Longitudinal cracking KW - Moisture content KW - Pavement life KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Service life KW - Serviceability KW - Soils KW - Subbase materials KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/100267 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239038 AU - Barton-Aschman Associates, Incorporated AU - Milwaukee County, Wisconsin TI - ANALYSIS OF MILWAUKEE'S TRANSIT SERVICE PY - 1970/04 AB - THE SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION (SEWRPC) PRODUCED, IN THE FALL OF 1966, A REGIONAL LAND-USE TRANSPORTATION PLAN. AS A PART OF ITS PROPOSED TRANSPORTATIONPLAN, SEWRPC RECOMMENDED THAT A NEW MASS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM BE CREATED TO SERVE THE MILWAUKEE METROPOLITAN AREA. A MASS TRANSIT PLANNING STUDY WAS UNDERTAKEN BASED ON THIS RECOMMENDATION. THIS REPORT, PART OF THE MASS TRANSIT PLANNING STUDY, IS AN APPRAISAL OF EXISTING TRANSIT OPERATION, ITS FINANCIAL PROBLEMS, NEED FOR PUBLIC ACTION, AND POTENTIAL ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGISLATIVE OPTIONS. /FHWA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Economics KW - Land use KW - Legal factors KW - Public relations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131129 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00213905 AU - Kraft, L M AU - Alabama State Highway Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A STUDY OF CONCRETE CONSOLIDATION PY - 1970/04 SP - 51 p. AB - IN SOME INSTANCES AN UNDESIRABLY HIGH NUMBER OF AIR AND WATER POCKEST ARE FOUND IN THE CORES TAKEN FROM THE CONCRETE PAVEMENTS IN ALABAMA. THE PRESENCE OF THESE POCKETS HAS BEEN ATTRIBUTED TO INADEQUATE COMPACTION OF THE FRESH CONCRETE. THE EFFECT THAT SEVERAL OF THE VARIABLES WHICH INFLUENCE COMPACTABILITY HAVE ON THE QUANTITY OF ENTRAPPED AIR IN THE VIBRATED CONCRETE WAS STUDIED. FOR STIFF MIXES, THE RESULTS DEMONSTRATED THAT: THE PERCENTAGE OF ENTRAPPED AIR IS NOT SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED AS THE VIBRATION TIME IS INCREASED BEYOND 5 SECONDS; THE PERCENTAGE OF ENTRAPPED AIR CAN BE GREATLY INFLUENCED BY THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COARSE AGGREGATE IN THE MIX; AN INCREASE IN THE VIBRATOR AMPLITUDE OR FREQUENCY DOES NOT SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE THE PERCENTAGE OF ENTRAPPED AIR; THE PERCENTAGE OF ENTRAPPED AIR DECREASES AS THE THICKNESS OF CONCRETE INCREASES FROM 6 TO 18 INCHES; AND THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE SPECIMENS WITH LARGE VOLUMES OF ENTRAPPED AIR WERE IN GENERAL GREATER THAN 3,000 PSI. /AUTHOR/ KW - Air content KW - Air entrained concrete KW - Coarse aggregates KW - Compaction KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete KW - Concrete pavements KW - Concrete tests KW - Consolidations KW - Core analysis KW - Cores (Specimens) KW - Moisture content KW - Vibrators KW - Vibrators (Electricity) KW - Vibratory compaction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94685 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00207975 AU - Powell AU - Buckle AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - California Division of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMPUTER PROGRAMS FOR BRIDGE DECK ANALYSIS PY - 1970/04 AB - FOUR PROGRAMS RELATING TO THE BEHAVIOR, ANALYSIS, AND DESIGN OF RIB OR GIRDER-SUPPORTED BRIDGE DECKS ARE REPORTED. THE FOUR PROGRAMS DEAL WITH THE RIBBED PLATE, EQUIVALENT THIN PLATE, AN EQUIVALENT GRID IDEALIZATION, AND AN EQUIVALENT ISOLATED GIRDER IDEALIZATION. A WIDE VARIETY OF SHPAES CAN BE ANALYZED USING MATHEMATICAL IDEALIZATIONS OF VARYING DEGREES OF REFINEMENT. DETAILED USER GUIDES AND A PROGRAM LISTING ARE INCLUDED. /FHWA/ KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Computer programs KW - Girders KW - Grates KW - Gridworks (Structures) KW - Information processing KW - Ribs (Structural) KW - Shape KW - Structural design KW - Structural shapes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/102669 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00207968 AU - Davis, R E AU - Scheffey, C F AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - California Division of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BOX GIRDERS MODEL STUDIES VOLUME I PY - 1970/04 AB - A FULL-SIZE, REINFORCED CONCRETE, BOX GIRDER BRIDGE, WITH AN EIGHTY-FOOT SPAN, AND A QUARTER-SCALE MODEL OF THE SAME WERE INSTRUMENTED AND TESTED. ANALYSIS OF PROTOTYPE DATA WERE DISCUSSED PRIOR TO WRITING OF GENERALIZED COMPUTER PROGRAMS FOR BOX GIRDER ANALYSIS, BASED ON A DIRECT STIFFNESS APPLICATION OF THE GOLDBERG-LEVE FOLDED PLATE EQUATIONS. THIS PAPER AUGMENTS THE SCOPE OF PROTOTYPE ANALYSES, DISCUSSES MODEL TEST DATA, AND ESTABLISHES THREE-WAY CORRELATIONS AMONG PROTOTYPE AND MODEL DATA AND THEORETICAL ANALYSES. EFFECTS OF MODEL STRAIN HISTORY FROM THE TIME OF POURING UNTIL DEAD LOAD WAS APPLIED ARE CONSIDERED. ADDITIONAL STUDIED ARE MADE OF TRANSVERSE DISTRIBUTIONS OF LIVE LOAD RESISTING MOMENTS TO PROTOTYPE STRINGERS, INCLUDING EFFECTS OF AN INTERMEDIATE DIAPHRAGM AND BARRIER RAILINGS ON THOSE DISTRIBUTIONS. SIMILAR STUDIES ARE MADE OF THE MODEL TO ASSESS THE DEGREE TO WHICH ITS BEHAVIOR SIMULATED THAT OF THE PROTOTYPE. MODEL BEHAVIOR UNDER A SIMULATED PROTOTYPE DEAD LOAD IS CONSIDERED. THREE-WAY CORRELATIONS OF RESISTING MOMENT DISTRIBUTIONS ARE VERY GOOD. THE THEORY EXAGGERATED SLIGHTLY THE INFLUENCE OF THE DIAPHRAGM BY ASSUMING IT TO BE RIGID. INFLUENCE OF THE BARRIER CURBS WAS ACCURATELY ASSESSED. THEORETICAL TRANSVERSE STRAIN DISTRIBUTIONS DID NOT ALWAYS AGREE WITH THOSE OBSERVED. /AUTHOR/ KW - Box girders KW - Bridges KW - Computer programs KW - Distributions (Statistics) KW - Live loads KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Prototypes KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Resisting moments KW - Simulation KW - Static loads KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Strains KW - Stringers KW - Theory KW - Transverse distribution UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/102635 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00224950 AU - Missouri State Highway Commission AU - Bureau of Public Roads /US TI - FREEWAY SURVEILLANCE STUDIES 1969 ANNUAL REPORT PY - 1970/04 AB - RESULTS OF A SERIES OF PHASE I URBAN FREEWAY SURVEILLANCE STUDIES CONDUCTED IN THE ST. LOUIS AND KANSAS CITY AREAS ARE PRESENTED AS INDICATIONS OF EXISTING SERVICE LEVELS. AERIAL MOSAICS AS WELL AS TRAFFIC COUNTS AND CAPACITIES OF INTERSTATE 70 IN ST. LOUIS AND KANSAS CITY AND ROUTE 40 IN ST. LOUIS ARE USED TO PRESENT TOPOGRAPHIC AND GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STUDY SECTIONS AS WELL AS ANALYSES OF CURRENT TRAFFIC VOLUMES AND TRENDS, VEHICULAR DENSITIES, AND LEVELS OF SERVICE. DEFICIENCIES ASCERTAINED BY THE STUDY ARE PRESENTED WITH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THEIR CORRECTION. /AUTHOR/ KW - Freeways KW - Highway capacity KW - Level of service KW - Surveillance KW - Topography KW - Traffic counting KW - Traffic volume KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - https://library.modot.mo.gov/RDT/reports/MCHRP/MCHRP70-5_reduced.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/114807 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00227527 AU - Gwynn, D W AU - Reilly, E F AU - Seifert, J AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Bureau of Public Roads /US TI - TRUCK EQUIVALENCY PY - 1970/04 AB - THE EFFECT OF TRUCKS ON A HIGHWAY IS TO REDUCE THE CAPACITY IN TERMS OF TOTAL VEHICLES CARRIED PER HOUR. THE EXTENT OF INFLUENCE TRUCKS HAVE ON TRAFFIC IS RELATED TO THE DESIGN. FOUR STUDIES ARE PRESENTED: (1) DOWNSTREAM FROM A TRAFFIC SIGNAL. AS THE NUMBER OF TRUCKS IN A STREAM INCREASES, THE AVERAGE HEADWAY OF THE STREAM INCREASES. HOWEVER, THE NUMBER OF PASSENGER CARS THAT A TRUCK IS EQUAL TO APPEARS TO BE FAR LESS THAN TWO; (2) DOWNSTREAM FROM AN ENTRANCE ROADWAY. DISREGARDING DIFFERENCES IN SPEED, AND ON A VOLUME BASIS ONLY, THE RANGE IN THE TRUCK EQUIVALENT WAS GENERALLY FOUND TO BE FROM 0.9 TO 1.3 DOWNSTREAM FROM AN ENTRANCE ROADWAY LOCATION; (3) LEVEL, TANGENT ROADWAY. ON A TANGENT ROADWAY, FOR EQUAL SPEEDS, THE PASSENGER CAR EQUIVALENT OF TRUCKS WAS FOUND TO APPROACH A VALUE OF TWO AS THE PERCENT OF TRUCKS IN THE STREAM APPROACHED 100 PER CENT; (4) GRADE. CAR AND TRUCK SPEEDS ON THE LEVEL SECTION OF ROADWAY WERE NOT SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT AS THE PERCENT OF TRUCKS IN THE STREAM INCREASED. HOWEVER, THE MEAN SPEEDS OF PASSENGER CARS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED FOR THE MIDDLE AND TOP OF GRADE LOCATIONS AS THE PERCENT OF TRUCKS INCREASED. /AUTHOR/ KW - Building entrances KW - Entrances (Other than doors) KW - Grades KW - Headways KW - Highway capacity KW - Highway design KW - Passenger car equivalence KW - Slopes KW - Speed KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic signals KW - Truck effect on highway capacity KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118681 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00238817 AU - Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEDERAL LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND MATERIAL RELATING TO THE FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION PY - 1970/04 AB - CONTENTS: DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ACT (49 U.S.C., 1651-1659; PUBLIC LAW 89 - 670; AND TRANSPORTATION ACT OF 1940 FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAYS (INCLUDING HIGHWAY SAFETY) TITLE 23, U.S.C., "HIGHWAYS" SECTIONS OF HIGHWAY LAWS NOT CODIFIED IN TITLE 23, U.S.C., AND OTHER RELATED LAWS, MATERIALS DISTRIBUTION AND PLACEMENT OF SECTIONS OF SOURCE LAW AND SOURCES OF SECTIONS, TITLE 23 U.S.C., TABLES I AND II HIGHWAY TRUST FUND LAWS AND INTERNAL REVENUE CODE REGULATIONS, STANDARDS, AND STATEMENT OF POLICY BRIDGE LAWS LABOR, EQUAL OPPORTUNITY AND CONTRACTS OTHER RELATED METERIAL MOTOR CARRIER SAFETY INTERSTATE COMMERCE ACT (49 U.S.C., 12, 16 (12), 46-48, 301-326, AND 1201-1203) TRANSPORTATION OF EXPLOSIVES (18 U.S.C., 831-835) REGULATIONS SUBJECT INDEX. KW - Explosives KW - Federal aid highways KW - Federal government KW - Freight transportation KW - Hazardous materials KW - Highway bridges KW - Highway safety KW - Highway Trust Fund KW - Highways KW - Laws KW - Personnel KW - Public roads KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131096 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00215928 AU - Heskin, R A AU - Rheineck, A E AU - North Dakota State University, Fargo AU - North Dakota State Highway Department AU - Bureau of Public Roads /US TI - A STUDY OF COATINGS BASED ON LINSEED OIL TO BE USED AS A CONCRETE CURING MEMBRANE PY - 1970/04 SP - 84 p. AB - THE DOCUMENTED RESEARCH WAS UNDERTAKEN TO DEVELOP A WATER- SOLUBLE LINSEED OIL CURING COMPOUND FOR PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE. THE REPORT CONTAINS DATA ON THE EVALUATION OF SEVERAL DIFFERENT FORMULATIONS AND RECOMMENDS A SPECIFIC MATERIAL FOR USE. /BPR/ KW - Concrete curing KW - Curing agents KW - Linseed oil KW - Portland cement concrete UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/105934 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00227017 AU - St John, A D AU - Midwest Research Institute AU - Missouri State Highway Commission AU - Bureau of Public Roads /US TI - SIMULATION RESULTS & DESIGN CRITERIA - TRAFFIC SIMULATION FOR THE DESIGN OF UNIFORM SERVICE ROADS IN MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN - VOL III PY - 1970/03/31 AB - A DETAILED SIMULATION OF MULTILANE HIGHWAY FLOW HAS BEEN DEVELOPED, VALIDATED, AND APPLIED TO FLOWS OF A MIXTURE OF COMMERCIAL AND PASSENGER VEHICLES ON GRADES AND LEVEL TERRAIN. THE RESULTS ARE ANALYZED AND PRESENTED. THE ON-GRADE, OPERATING SPEED-CAPACITY RELATIONS DERIVED FROM THE SIMULATION RESULTS HAVE BEEN USED TO CONSTRUCT DESIGN GUIDES WHICH INDICATE ON-GRADE SERVICE LEVELS FOR VEHICLE MIXES (UP TO 20% COMMERCIAL) ON 4% AND 6% GRADES WITH TWO LANES ONE WAY. A PROCEDURE FOR ESTIMATING 2% ON-GRADE SERVICE LEVELS IS GIVEN. THE SIMULATION RESULTS ARE COMPARED WITH AASHO POLICY WHICH INCLUDES A PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATING GRADE-FLOW COMBINATIONS WHICH WARRANT A CLIMBING LANE (THIRD LANE ONE WAY). IT IS CONCLUDED THAT THESE GRADE-FLOW COMBINATIONS PROVIDE B' TO C' SERVICE LEVELS WITH TWO LANES ONE WAY ACCORDING TO SIMULATION RESULTS. THE SIMULATION RESULTS ARE ALSO COMPARED WITH THE HIGHWAY CAPACITY MANUAL WHICH PROVIDES A CONVENIENT GRAPHICAL METHOD TO ESTIMATE THE NEED FOR A CLIMBING LANE. FOR SHORT AND MODERATE LENGTH GRADES THE MANUAL PROCEDURE, INDICATES A CLIMBING LANE FOR FLOWS WITH SERVICE LEVELS B' AND C'. FOR LONG GRADES WITH 6% OR MORE COMMERCIALS THE MANUAL RESULTS MAY INDICATE A CLIMBING LANE FOR FLOWS WHICH HAVE A HIGH LEVEL OF SERVICE WITH JUST TWO LANES ONE WAY. MIXED FLOWS (UP TO 20% COMMERCIAL) WHICH ARE AT AASHO "DESIGN CAPACITY" IN LEVEL TERRAIN CAN OBTAIN THE EQUIVALENT "SERVICE" SPEEDS ON GRADES (UP TO 6%) WHICH HAVE A WELL DESIGNED CLIMBING LANE. THE SAME FLOW WILL ATTAIN EQUIVALENT "SERVICE" SPEED ON A 6% DOWNGRADE WITH TWO LANES ONE WAY WHERE COMMERCIALS EMPLOY CRAWL SPEED TYPICAL FOR THIS GRADE. A HIGH RISK-EXPOSURE REGION CAN DEVELOP AT THE CREST WHERE A DECELERATION WAVE IS GENERATED BY THE COMMERCIAL CRAWL SPEEDS AND ENSUING FLOW DYNAMICS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Climbing lanes KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Frontage roads KW - Grades KW - Highway capacity KW - Manuals KW - Mountains KW - Multilane highways KW - Simulation KW - Slopes KW - Traffic KW - Traffic flow UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115203 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00261281 AU - Ruport, H M AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE HIGHWAY ENGINEER AND THE ENVIRONMENT PY - 1970/03/13 SP - 23 p. AB - The Environmental Development Division prefers the view which includes the entire range of physical, social and economic influences which affect the quality of life. The Bureau of Public Roads established this Division almost two years ago to develop and promote the application of policies, procedures, standards and instructions for the quantification and evaluation of economics, social, esthetic, cultural and environmental values for highway location and design. Workers for the Division include urban and regional planners, economist, sociologist, architect, landscape architect, appraiser, transportation planning engineer and a highway engineer. The Highway Act of 1968 requires a consideration of social and economic effects of new highway projects and their impact upon the environment. This is a mandate to make highways good neighbors to the areas through which they pass. This is not to say that any highway planner or designer has ever intentionally made a highway a bad neighbor. However, some highways have contributed less than their full potential to the communities they serve. One of the major responsibilities of the Environmental Development Division is to obtain and disseminate information of environmental significance and assist in creating an atmosphere of understanding in dealing with these situations. KW - Community values KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highway design KW - Highway planning KW - Highways KW - Noise control KW - Social values KW - Traffic noise UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/134590 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00224973 AU - Bergendoff AU - Metro Washington Council of Governments AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR BUS RAPID TRANSIT IN THE SHIRLEY HIGHWAY CORRIDOR PY - 1970/03 AB - THE OBJECTIVES ARE TO DETERMINE (1) IF BUS RAPID TRANSIT (HIGH-SPEED EXPRESS SERVICE) CAN BE INSITITUTED IN THE SHIRLEY HIGHWAY CORRIDOR AND, IF SO, THE FORM SUCH SERVICE SHOULD TAKE; (2) THE PATRONAGE ATTRACTED TO THE IMPROVED TRANSIT SERVICE ON AN INTERIM AND LONG-RANGE BASIS; (3) THE EFFECT OF THE SERVICE ON HIGHWAY SERVICE AND USE IN THE CORRIDOR. THE RESULTS OF THE STUDIES WOULD BE UTILIZED TO ENSURE THE BEST MIX OF AUTO AND BUS USE AND PROVIDE THE BEST POSSIBLE OVERALL TRANSPORTATION SERVICE IN THIS AND SIMILAR TRAFFIC CORRIDORS. TO MEET THESE OBJECTIVES, A DETAILED ANALYSIS OF HIGHWAY OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS FOR THE SHIRLEY HIGHWAY CORRIDOR WAS DEVELOPED. BUS TRANSIT OPERATIONS AND PATRONAGE FIGURES WERE ANALYZED. AUTO AND BUS SURVEYS WERE CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE TRAVEL PATTERNS. ALL OF THESE COUPLED WITH THE CURRENT AND PROJECTED SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS PROVIDED THE BASIS FOR SELECTION OF TWO ALTERNATIVE EXPRESS BUS PLANS. A COST/BENEFIT ANALYSIS WAS CONDUCTED AND A PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE WAS SELECTED. EXPRESS BUS ROUTES AND "PARK AND RIDE" LOCATIONS WERE RECOMMENDED AND A FINANCING AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN WAS PROVIDED. /FHWA/ KW - Automobiles KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bus transportation KW - Data collection KW - Highway operations KW - Impacts KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit usage KW - Ridership KW - Surveys KW - Traffic KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/114828 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00225020 AU - King, R B AU - Ory, T R AU - Brahosky, A E AU - Long, R E AU - Carter, R G AU - Stann, E C AU - Briggs, M P AU - HRB-Singer Incorporated TI - INSTALLATION ANALYSIS OF THE MAINE FACILITY-AN ELECTRONIC TWO-LANE RURAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM (4 VOLUMES) PY - 1970/03 SP - 260 p. AB - THIS FOUR VOLUME REPORT COVERS THE PROCEDURES AND COST OF INSTALLING A 15 MILE ELECTRONIC TWO-LANE RURAL ROAD TEST FACILITY. SPECIFICALLY, THE REPORT SEEKS TO IDENTIFY WAYS OF REDUCING INSTALLATION COSTS AND COMPONENT FAILURE THROUGH IMPROVEMENT OF MATERIALS, INSTALLATION TECHNIQUES, AND SPECIFICATIONS. VOLUME I, A SUMMARY REPORT, PROVIDES A CONDENSED VERSION OF THE TOTAL REPORT. EMPHASIS IS PLACED UPON BRINGING TOGETHER THE RECOMMENDATIONS SET FORTH THROUGHOUT THE OTHER VOLUMES. VOLUME II SERVES AS AN INTRODUCTION FOR THOSE READERS DESIRING TO REVIEW THE COMPLETE REPORT. IT DISCUSSES THE INTENT OF THE PRESENT EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM PROGRAM, THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INSTALLATION, AND THE ANALYSIS ACTIVITIES THAT GENERATED THIS REPORT. VOLUME III REPORTS ON THE MANPOWER, EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROBLEMS INVOLVED IN THE INSTALLATION OPERATIONS, AND IDENTIFIES WAYS OF IMPROVING FUTURE INSTALLATION EFFORTS. VOLUME IV REPORTS ON THE COST OF THE INSTALLATION AND ANALYZES THE COMPONENT PARTS TO DETERMINE POTENTIAL REDUCTIONS. /FHWA/ KW - Automated highways KW - Building KW - Costs KW - Facilities KW - Installation KW - Road construction KW - Rural highways KW - Test facilities KW - Two lane highways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112765 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00202581 AU - Chaves, J R AU - Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ELECTRONIC COMPUTER PROGRAM FROM STEREOCOMPARATOR COORDINATE REDUCTION PY - 1970/03 AB - THIS COMPUTER PROGRAM RELATED TO ANALYTICAL AERIAL TRIANGULATION IS TO BE USED FOR REDUCING STEREOCOMPARATOR MEASURED COORDINATES FROM PHOTOGRAPHS WITH FOUR SIDE FIDICUALS. THIS PROGRAM IS WRITTEN IN FORTRAN IV FOR USE ON AN IBM 360 MAKING USE OF THE DOUBLE PRECISION FEATURE. THE PROGRAM CONSISTS OF A MAIN CALLING PROGRAM AND 20 SUBROUTINES. /FHWA/ KW - Aerial surveying KW - Aerial surveys KW - Aerial triangulation KW - Analysis KW - Computer programs KW - Grids (Coordinates) KW - Photogrammetry KW - Stereocomparator coodinate reduction KW - Triangulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/91339 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00224970 AU - General Motors Corporation AU - Michigan Department of State Highways TI - AN EXPERIMENTAL ROUTE GUIDANCE SYSTEM SOFTWARE DESIGN PY - 1970/03 AB - A COMPUTER ORIENTED TECHNIQUE IS DESCRIBED FOR PREPARING DECODER PROGRAMS FOR THE ROADSIDE DECODERS USED IN THE ELECTRONIC ROUTE GUIDANCE (ERGS) SYSTEM. ALTERNATIVE NETWORK CODING TECHNIQUES AND THE INTERACTION OF ERGS WITH URBAN TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS ARE DESCRIBED. DATA PREPARATION AND DATA PROCESSING ARE DISCUSSED. DATA INPUTS INCLUDE "DRIVER." INSTRUCTION SET AND RULES", "INFORMATION LEAD DISTANCE CRITERION", AND THE "SPECIFICATION OF THE NETWORK INTERSECTIONS, BRANCHES, AND TRAVEL TIMES." DATA PROCESSING CONSIST OF MACHINE MANIPULATION OF THE MANUALLY PREPARED DATA TO PRODUCE ERGS DECODER PROGRAMS IN THE FORM OF PUNCHED PAPER TAPE. THIS WORK PROVIDES A FIRST EFFORT AT THE OBJECTIVE PREPARATION OF DECODER PROGRAMS IN THE FORM OF PUNCHED PAPER TAPE. THIS WORK PROVIDES A FIRST EFFORT AT THE OBJECTIVE PREPARATION OF DECODER PROGRAMS FOR THE OPERATION OF A SMALL EXPERIMENTAL ROUTE GUIDANCE SYSTEM. IN ADDITION IT HAS PROVIDED AN OPPERTUNITY TO SCRUTINIZE EARLIER ROUTE GUIDANCE SYSTEM CONCEPTS AND TO RECOGNIZE SOME OF THE SHORTCOMINGS OF THE PRESENT WORK. /AUTHOR/ KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Decoders KW - Drivers KW - Electronics KW - Guidance KW - Information processing KW - Networks KW - Paper tapes KW - Regulations KW - Routes KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control systems KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/114825 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206431 AU - Kubiak, E J AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SELECTION AND DESIGN OF A SKID TESTER PY - 1970/03 AB - THE ILLINOIS DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS, TO IMPROVE ITS KNOWLEDGE OF THE FACTORS INFLUENCING SKID RESISTANCE AND TO DEVISE MEANS FOR IMPROVING THE SKID RESISTANCE OF ILLINOIS PAVEMENTS, HAS INITIATED RESEARCH INVOLVING SKID TESTING OF PAVEMENTS. THIS STUDY IS DIVIDED INTO FIVE PHASES: (1) DEVELOPMENT AND CALIBRATION OF SKID-TESTING EQUIPMENT; (2) EVALUATION OF SKID RESISTANCE OF EXISTING PAVEMENT SURFACE; (3) DETERMINATION OF POLISHING CHARACTERISTICS OF AGGREGATES; (4) DEVELOPMENT OF PROCEDURES FOR IMPROVING SKID RESISTANCE OF EXISTING PAVEMENTS; AND (5) ESTABLISHMENT OF CRITERIA FOR THE SKID RESISTANCE OF PAVEMENTS. THIS REPORT COVERS THE EQUIPMENT-DEVELOPMENT PORTION OF THE PROJECT. IT PRESENTS A REVIEW OF EXISTING SKID-TESTING DEVICES, DESCRIBES THE CONSIDERATIONS THAT WENT INTO THE SELECTION OF A DEVICE FOR THE PRESENT PROJECT, OUTLINES THE DESIGN CRITERIA ESTABLISHED FOR THE SELECTED EQUIPMENT, AND DESCRIBES THE DEVICE DESIGNED AND CONSTRUCTED TO MEET THESE CRITERIA. THE NEEDS OF THE REMAINING PHASES OF THE PROJECT AND FUTURE OPERATIONAL NEEDS WERE PRIME CONSIDERATIONS IN THE ULTIMATE SELECTION OF THE TEST EQUIPMENT. /AUTHOR/ KW - Calibration KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Polishing (Aggregates) KW - Skid resistance KW - Skid resistance tests KW - Skidding KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Testing equipment KW - Texture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/100237 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00214510 AU - Nebraska Department of Roads AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SIMULATED APPLICATION OF A STATISTICALLY BASED SPECIFICATION FOR ASPHALTIC CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION PY - 1970/03 AB - THE SIMULATED ACCEPTANCE TEST RESULTS OBTAINED FROM RANDOMLY SELECTED SITES OR SAMPLES SHOWED THAT THE CONTRACTOR'S PAYMENT WOULD HAVE AVERAGED APPROXIMATELY 97 PERCENT OF CONTRACT BID PRICE FOR 32 DAYS PRODUCTION. ACCEPTANCE WAS BASED ON SUCH FACTORS AS AGGREGATE GRADATION, ASPHALT CONTENT, CORE DENSITY AND RIDEABILITY. ON TWO OF THE THREE PROJECTS, MOVING AVERAGE OF 5, CONTROL PRODUCTION FOR THE NO. 50 AND NO. 200 SIEVES. MOST OF THE BID PRICE REDUCTION FOR THESE TWO PROJECTS WAS ALSO ATTRIBUTED TO ABOVE TARGET PRODUCTION AS INDICATED BY SIMULATED ACCEPTANCE TESTS. ON THE THIRD JOB MOST OF THE REDUCED PAYMENT WAS CAUSED BY ROUGH PAVEMENT READINGS ON ALL BUT 2 OF THE 13 LOTS. /FHWA/ KW - Acceptance tests KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Asphalt content KW - Core density KW - Cores (Specimens) KW - Density KW - Performance based specifications KW - Production control KW - Riding qualities KW - Sieves KW - Simulation KW - Specifications KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/99322 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00204815 AU - Morre, D J AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A KEY TO PLANT FAMILIES USING LEAVES, STEMS AND ROOTS PY - 1970/03 AB - THE RESULTS ARE PRESENTED OF A STUDY TO DEVELOP A PRACTICAL KEY TO PLANT FAMILIES BASED ON VEGETATIVE CHARACTERISTICS. THE KEY PERMITS IDENTIFICATION OF MOST PLANTS WITHIN THE CENTRAL UNITED STATES AT ANY STAGE OF GROWTH, AND IS ESPECIALLY USEFUL IN THE SPRING BEFORE THE PLANTS HAVE FLOWERED OR SET SEED. SUCH IDENTIFICATION IS NECESSARY FOR MANY PURPOSES INCLUDING DETERMINATION OF BEST MEANS OF WEED CONTROL BY CHEMICALS. THE KEY IS RESTRICTED TO HERBACEOUS TERRESTRIAL PLANTS (LAND PLANTS EXCLUDING TREES). AQUATIC PLANTS, ARE MOST EASILY HANDLED AS A GROUP AND A SEPARATE KEY TO THE AQUATIC PLANTS IS IN THE EARLY STAGES OF PREPARATION. A GLOSSARY IS PROVIDED. KW - Aquatic life KW - Aquatic pests KW - Identification KW - Identification systems KW - Planting KW - Plants KW - Root effects KW - Weed control KW - Weeds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/99288 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00215930 AU - Grey, R L AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Bureau of Public Roads /US TI - EVALUATION OF BITUMINOUS COMPACTION PROCEDURES USING NUCLEAR GAUGES PY - 1970/03 AB - A STUDY WAS CONDUCTED USING NUCLEAR GAUGES TO EVALUATE PRESENT BITUMINOUS CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES. SPECIFICALLY, NUCLEAR DENSITY TESTS WERE TAKEN BOTH DURING ROLLER OPERATIONS AND AFTER COMPACTION HAD BEEN COMPLETED. THE DENSITY DATA WERE ANALYZED TO STUDY THE FEASIBILITY OF USING NUCLEAR GAUGES TO ESTABLISH OPTIMUM ROLLING PATTERNS FOR SEVERAL DIFFERENT TYPES OF BITUMINOUS PAVEMENT MATERIALS FOR THE ROLLERS ENCOUNTERED. AFTER FINAL COMPACTION, CONTINUED NUCLEAR TESTS WERE TAKEN IN A STUDY OF ANY DENSITY VARIATIONS IN THE COMPACTED PAVEMENT. DENSITY TESTS WERE TAKEN TRANSVERSELY, ON JOINTS, ALONG THE PAVEMENT EDGES, ALONG THE LONGITUDINAL WHEELPATH AREAS, AND FINALLY, IN RANDOM LOCATIONS ALONG THE PAVEMENT. AREAS OF LOW DENSITY APPEARED TO BE PREDOMINANTLY THE JOINTS AND PAVEMENT EDGES. A SEPARATE STUDY WAS CONDUCTED WITH TWO COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE NUCLEAR DENSITY GAUGES TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVE DEPTH OF MEASUREMENT. BOTH BACKSCATTER AND AIR-GAP TECHNIQUES WERE ANALYZED. THE AIR-GAP DENSITY TEST WAS SHOWN TO BE DEPENDENT ON ONLY THE TOP 1 3/4 INCHES OF MATERIAL TESTED. /AUTHOR/ KW - Air gaps KW - Backscattering KW - Bituminous construction KW - Bituminous pavements KW - Compaction KW - Depth KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Nuclear tests KW - Rollers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108043 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00224948 AU - Barton-Aschman Associates, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMMUTER PARKING AT HIGHWAY INTERCHANGES PY - 1970/03 SP - 112 p. AB - DATA COLLECTED AT 55 INTERCHANGES IN 7 STATES WERE ANALYZED ON THE EXTENT OF USE AND POTENTIAL DEMAND FOR PARKING AT INTERCHANGES FOR THE PURPOSE OF EITHER CAR POOLING OR TRANSFERRING TO TRANSIT. THE SURVEY INDICATED THAT THE GREATEST INCIDENCE OF COMMUTER PARKING IN INTERCHANGE AREAS OCCURRED PRIMARILY IN URBANIZED NORTHEASTERN AND MIDDLE-ATLANTIC SECTIONS OF THIS COUNTRY. THE NUMBER OF CARS PARKED FOR TRANSFER TO TRANSIT WAS GREATER THAN FOR TRANSFER TO CAR POOL, BUT CAR POOLERS WERE PARKED AT MANY MORE INTERCHANGES. THE AVERAGE TRIP LENGTH FOR A CAR POOL WAS 42 MILES AS COMPARED WITH 5 TO 10 MILES FOR AN URBAN WORK TRIP. THE PRINCIPAL REASONS GIVEN BY CAR POOLERS FOR PARKING IN INTERCHANGE AREAS WERE OVERALL TRIP COST, TRIP LENGTH, AND COMPANIONSHIP; WHEREAS THOSE PARKED FOR TRANSIT RIDING RATED TRAFFIC CONGESTION, PARKING COST AT THEIR ULTIMATE DESTINATION AND OVERALL TRIP COST IN THAT ORDER OF IMPORTANCE. THE LEGAL QUESTIONS WHICH APPLY TO SUPPLYING COMMUTER PARKING AT INTERCHANGES ARE (1) WHETHER LAND ACQUIRED FOR HIGHWAY PURPOSES CAN BE USED FOR COMMUTER PARKING, AND (2) THE EXTENT OF PUBLIC LIABILITY FOR TORT CLAIMS. THE ANALYSIS SHOWS FOR THE FIRST PROBLEM, THAT EXCESS HIGHWAY AND STREET RIGHT-OF-WAY CAN BE USED FOR COMMUTER PARKING; AND FOR THE SECOND PROBLEM, THAT THE DATA COLLECTED HERE INDICATES A TREND AWAY FROM SOVERIGN IMMUNITY. THEREFORE, IT IS ADVISABLE THAT A STATE OR LOCAL AGENCY CARRY LIABILITY INSURANCE FOR ANY COMMUTER FACILITIES WHICH IT MAY DEVELOP AT INTERCHANGES. OTHER FINDINGS INDICATE A NEED IN INTERCHANGE AREAS FOR PARKING FACILITIES IN CONNECTION WITH BUS SERVICE TO HELP REDUCE CONGESTION ON FREEWAY AREAS NEAR DOWNTOWN, AND THE USE OF EXCESS RIGHT- OF-WAY WHERE FEASIBLE FOR THE PROVISION OF PARKING FACILITIES FOR CAR POOLERS. IN VERY FEW CASES, WOULD THE NEED FOR TRANSIT-ORIENTED PARKING EXCEED 100-200 SPACES; AND THE NEED FOR CAR POOL PARKING SPACE WOULD BE ONLY 50 SPACES OR UNDER. SOME SIGNIFICANT USE OF AVAILABLE COMMERCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL PARKING SPACE NEAR INTERCHANGES IS BEING MADE. HOWEVER, THIS IS A POTENTIAL USE WHICH NEEDS MORE DEVELOPMENT. AREAS HAVING A COMBINATION OF HIGH CBD PARKING COSTS AND EXISTING CONGESTION ON CBD APPROACH ROUTES OFFER THE GREATEST POTENTIAL FOR A SUCCESSFUL TRANSIT-FRINGE PARKING DEMONSTRATION. HOWEVER, CAR POOL PARKERS ARE NOT USUALLY DESTINED FOR THE CBD. THE PROVISION OF THESE PARKING FACILITIES SHOULD BE CONSIDERED BY THE STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT OR LOCAL AGENCY IN THE PLANNING STAGE OF THE INTERCHANGE AND FREEWAY. IT WAS FOUND THAT IN SOME STATES LEGISLATION NEEDS TO BE PROVIDED FOR SUCH PARKING. /FHWA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Carpools KW - Central business districts KW - Commuters KW - Commuting KW - Costs KW - Enabling legislation KW - Fringe area KW - Interchanges KW - Legal factors KW - Legislation KW - Parking KW - Parking demand KW - Public transit KW - Right of way KW - Traffic congestion KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112758 ER - TY - SER AN - 00200874 JO - Transportation Department News TI - RELOCATION HOUSING ASSISTANCE PY - 1970/02/22 AB - EXAMPLES ARE GIVEN OF RELOCATION HOUSING ASSISTANCE PROVIDED BY THE PROGRAM OF RELOCATION PAYMENTS TO HOME- OWNERS & TENANTS DISPLACED BY HIGHWAYS PROVIDED FOR IN FED- ERAL-AID HIGHWAY ACT OF 1968. THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTA- TION HAS RECENTLY BROADENED THAT POLICY, DIRECTING UNITS OF DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION TO PROVIDE IN ADVANCE FOR FAIR REPLACEMENT HOUSING FOR FAMILIES DISPLACED BY FEDERAL AND FEDERALLY-ASSISTED CONSTRUCTION. HOMEOWNERS WHOSE PROPERTIES WERE TAKEN FOR HIGHWAY RIGHTS-OF-WAY USED TO RECEIVE ONLY THE FAIR MARKET VALUE FOR THEIR HOMES. UNDER THE 1968 ACT, HOWEVER, THEY MAY NOW RECEIVE UP TO $5,000 IN ADDITIONAL PAYMENTS TO ACQUIRE COMPARABLE DECENT HOUSING. ADDITIONALLY, THEY MAY RECEIVE A SCHEDULED MOVING EXPENSE ALLOWANCE OF UP TO $200 AND A DISLOCATION ALLOWANCE OF $100, OR THEY MAY RECEIVE THEIR ACTUAL MOVING EXPENSES. EACH STATE IS ALSO REQUIRED TO PROVIDE RELOCATION ADVISORY ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS TO HELP MEET THE NEEDS OF THOSE DISPLACED. WHEREVER POSSIBLE, THE FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION AND THE STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENTS TRY TO IMPROVE THE STANDARDS OF LIVING FOR POOR PEOPLE WHO HAVE TO BE RELOCATED. KW - Costs KW - Dislocation (Geology) KW - Equipment replacement KW - Federal aid highways KW - Housings KW - Motion KW - Moving industry KW - Relocation KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Replacement KW - Replacement costs KW - Residents UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/90290 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00229883 AU - TANGUAY, M G AU - Hoffer, R M AU - Miles, R D AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY AND AUTOMATIC CLASSIFICATION OF SPECTRAL RESPONSE FOR DETAILED ENGINEERING SOILS MAPPING PY - 1970/02/17 SP - 47p AB - MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY WAS OBTAINED WITH THE COOPERATION OF THE WILLOW RUN LABORATORIES, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN FOR A 70 MILE ROUTE IN CENTRAL INDIANA. THE PROJECT INVOLVED THE EVALUATION OF IMAGERY TAKEN IN FIFTEEN DISCRETE BANDS OF THE SPECTRUM AS A SOURCE OF DATA ON ENGINEERING SOILS. THE MULTISPECTRAL DATA WAS EVALUATED BY VISUAL MEANS, BY DENSITOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS, AND PRINCIPALLY WITH THE USE OF AN AUTOMATIC SPECTRAL RESPONSE CLASSIFICATION METHOD DEVELOPED AT THE LABORATORY FOR APPLICATIONS OF REMOTE SENSING (LARS), PURDUE UNIVERSITY. CLASSIFICATION MAPS REPRESENTING SEVEN SOIL TYPES OF DIFFERENT ENGINEERING SIGNIFICANCE WERE OBTAINED. THERE IS AN INDICATION THAT USEFUL AUTOMATIC CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS CAN BE MADE AND PRINTED ON A COMPUTER MAP USING MULTISPECTRAL DATA COLLECTED BETWEEN THE ULTRAVIOLET AND THE FAR INFRARED RANGE OF THE SPECTRUM. IMFORMATION ON LIMITED LABORATORY REFLECTANCE MEASUREMENTS IS ALSO REPORTED. KW - Classification KW - Electromagnetic spectrum KW - Engineering soils KW - Imagery KW - Information processing KW - Measurement KW - Multispectral imagery KW - Reflectance KW - Reflectivity KW - Remote sensing KW - Soil mapping KW - Spectral response UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314514 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/119261 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00222596 AU - Calfornia Highway Patrol AU - California Division of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MECHANICAL FACTORS STUDY PY - 1970/02 AB - AN INSPECTION TO DETERMINE MECHANICAL CONDITIONS WAS CONDUCTED ON 424 VEHICLES INVOLVED IN SINGLE VEHICLE FATAL TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS. MECHANICAL INSPECTIONS WERE PERFORMED BY EXPERIENCED MECHANICS. OF THE VEHICLES EXAMINED TWENTY-NINE PERCENT HAD ONE OR MORE PRECRASH MECHANICAL DEFECTS. THESE DEFECTS WERE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THEIR SEVERITY AND RELATIONSHIP TO THE ACCIDENTS IN WHICH THE CARS AND DRIVERS WERE INVOLVED. IN THIS POPULATION OF SINGLE VEHICLE FATAL ACCIDENTS, ABOUT 6.4 PERCENT WERE CLASSIFIED AS HAVING BEEN CAUSED BY MECHANICAL FAILURE. /AUTHOR/ KW - Defects KW - Fatalities KW - Inspection KW - Mechanical properties KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motor vehicles KW - Single vehicle crashes KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/114296 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00200407 AU - Bureau of Public Roads /US AU - Government Printing Office TI - 1970 NATIONAL HIGHWAY NEEDS REPORT PY - 1970/02 AB - SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 81 PROVIDES THE MANDATE FOR THE NATIONAL HIGHWAY NEEDS REPORTS AND IS QUITE BROAD IN THIS REQUIREMENT CALLING FOR REPORTS ON ESTIMATES OF THE FUTURE HIGHWAY NEEDS OF THE NATION. THE INDIVIDUAL PLANS AND PROJECTIONS OF STATE AND LOCAL GOVERMENTS ARE SUMMED IN THIS BIENNIAL REPORT. INCLUDED IS A REPORT ON THE FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE 1968 NATIONAL HIGHWAY NETWORK FOR WHICH FIELD STUDIES WERE RECENTLY COMPLETED. ONLY THE PRELIMINARY FINDINGS OF THE CLASSIFICATION STUDY ARE PRESENTED BECAUSE OF TIME NECESSARY TO ANALYZE THE RESULTS OF THE FIELD STUDIES. OPTIMAL USE OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES HAS BEEN PROMOTED BY THE FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION BY THE CONCEPTS OF JOINT DEVELOPMENT AND MULTIPLE LAND USE. THE PROBLEMS OF DEFINING AND IDENTIFYING HIGHWAY NEEDS ARE DISCUSSED. EFFORTS ARE UNDERWAY TO DEVELOP A METHOD OF DETERMINING TOTAL HIGHWAY CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT NEEDS IN SUCH A WAY THAT THE RESULTING RATE OF RETURN ON HIGHWAY INVESTMENT COULD BE MEASURED AND COMPARED WITH THE RATE OF RETURN REALIZED ON OTHER COMPETING NON HIGHWAY INVESTMENTS. THE DETERMINATION OF PRIORITIES AMONG VARIOUS HIGHWAY NEEDS CAN BE DETERMINED ON THE BASIS OF A COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS AMONG A LIMITED NUMBER OF ALTERNATIVES. PROGRESS IS REVIEWED OF THR INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM CONSTRUCTION. GUIDELINES ARE BEING DEVELOPED FOR A DETAILED HIGHWAY NEEDS ESTIMATE FOR URBAN AND RUAL AREAS OF THE NATION TO GIVE AN INDICATION OF THE SCALE OF TRANSPORTATION INVESTMENT THAT MIGHT BE NEEDED OVER THE NEXT TWENTY YEARS. A SUMMARY IS PRESENTED OF STATE, LOCAL, AND FEDERAL REVENUES IN CONJUNCTION WITH A STATUS REPORT ON THE HIGHWAY TRUST FUND. COSTS OF COMPLETING THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM APPEAR TO BE NEARLY 170 BILLION OF INDICATED CONSTRUCTION NEEDS AS ESTIMATED BY THE STATES ON THE REMAINING FEDERAL AID SYSTEMS. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Classification KW - Federal aid highways KW - Highway classification KW - Highway planning KW - Highway Trust Fund KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Investments KW - Joint development KW - Land use KW - Multiple use KW - Needs assessment KW - Rate of return KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/90901 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00207954 AU - Bonakdarpour, B AU - Bell, L C AU - Heins, C P AU - University of Maryland, College Park AU - Maryland Department of Transportation AU - Bureau of Public Roads /US TI - ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF A CURVED BRIDGE MODEL PY - 1970/02 AB - THE TESTING IS DESCRIBED OF A SERIES OF 1/8 SCALE CURVED BRIDGE MODELS. THE BRIDGE MODELS CONSISTED OF A BARE STEEL FRAME SYSTEM, A NONCOMPOSITE CONCRETE DECK AND STEEL FRAME, AND A COMPOSITE CONCRETE DECK AND STEEL FRAME. INCLUDED WERE SIMPLE SPAN, TWO-SPAN, AND THREE-SPAN STRUCTURES WITH FOUR DIFFERENT DIAPHRAGM ARRANGEMENTS. DEFLECTION, ROTATION, AND STRAIN MEASUREMENTS WERE TAKEN. THE EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS WERE COMPARED WITH RESULTS FROM THE SLOPE-DEFLECTION ANALYTICAL METHOD. /BPR/ KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridge spans KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Composite materials KW - Concrete KW - Curved beams KW - Curved steel girders KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Deflection KW - Diaphragms KW - Diaphragms (Engineering) KW - Girders KW - Measurement KW - Model tests KW - Rotation KW - Strain measurement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/102568 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00207953 AU - Meyer, C AU - Scordelis, A C AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR PRISMATIC FOLDER PLATES WITH PLATE AND BEAM ELEMENTS PY - 1970/02 AB - A GENERAL COMPUTER PROGRAM WAS DEVELOPED WHICH IS CAPABLE OF ANALYZING ANY PRISMATIC CELLULAR OR OPEN FOLDED PLATE STRUCTURE WITH TRANSVERSE DIAPHRAGMS AND PLANAR FRAMES AT ANY SECTION AS WELL AS LONGITUDINAL BEAMS. THE STRUCTURE MAY BE SUBJECTED TO SURFACE LOADS, LINE LOADS, CONCENTRATED LOADS AS WELL AS KNOWN DISPLACEMENTS. THE SOLUTION IS BASED ON THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE DIRECT STIFFNESS METHOD. ALL FINAL MODAL DISPLACEMENTS, REACTIONS, AND INTERNAL FORCES AND MOMENTS IN FRAME ELEMENTS AND WITHIN FINITE ELEMENTS ARE PRINTED OUT AT POINTS SELECTED BY THE USER. /AUTHOR/ KW - Computer programs KW - Diaphragms KW - Diaphragms (Engineering) KW - Dislocation (Geology) KW - Finite element method KW - Finite elements KW - Folded plates KW - Loads KW - Longitudinal stiffeners KW - Plates (Engineering) KW - Prisms KW - Stiffness KW - Stiffness methods (Structural) KW - Transverse stiffeners UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/102564 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00215927 AU - Rahal, A S AU - Hughes, R D AU - Kentucky Department Highways AU - Bureau of Public Roads /US TI - FINAL PERFORMANCE REPORT ON EXPERIMENTAL USE OF THERMOPLASTIC PAVEMENT STRIPING MATERIALS PY - 1970/02 AB - HOT-EXTRUDED THERMOPLASTIC STRIPING WAS EVALUATED BY MEANS OF FIELD TESTS AT NINE DIFFERENT SITES INCLUDING BITUMINOUS AND PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE SURFACES. PERFORMANCE AND THE RELATIVE ECONOMICS OF THE MATERIAL WAS COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL PAINT OVER A PERIOD OF UP TO 7 YEARS. THE DURABILITY OF THERMOPLASTIC WAS EXCELLENT ON BITUMINOUS SURFACES AND GOOD TO POOR ON CONCRETE SURFACES. EPOXY PRIMERS, BUT WERE NOT CAPABLE OF PROMOTING GOOD BOND WHERE SURFACE LAITANCE CONDITIONS EXISTED. IT IS GENERALLY CONCLUDED THAT THERMOPLASTICS MAY PROVE ECONOMICAL WHEN PLACED ON BITUMINOUS SURFACES WITH HIGH VOLUMES OF TRAFFIC. SERVICE LIFE WOULD PROBABLY BE GOVERNED MORE BY THE FREQUENCY OF RESURFACING RATHER THAN PERFORMANCE. IT WOULD BE NECESSARY TO PLACE GREATER EMPHASIS ON FACTORS OTHER THAN DURABILITY IN ORDER TO JUSTIFY USE OF THERMOPLASTICS ON PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE SURFACES, REGARDLESS OF TRAFFIC DENSITIES. /BPR/ KW - Bituminous materials KW - Bituminous surfacing KW - Durability KW - Economics KW - Field tests KW - Performance KW - Plastics KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Road markings KW - Service life KW - Striping KW - Surface treating KW - Thermoplastic materials KW - Traffic marking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108041 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00222593 AU - Itte, Calif Univ, Los Angeles AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - JUDGMENT OF VEHICLE SPEED AND TRAFFIC PATTERNS: PHASE I PY - 1970/02 AB - ANALYSIS OF 1,068 SUBJECTS' SPEED ESTIMATIONS OF A 16 MM MOTION PICTURE TAKEN FROM AN AUTOMOBILE MOVING ALONG A FREEWAY DEMONSTRATES THE FOLLOWING: (1) A NEGATIVE CORRELATION WITH AGE (THE OLDER THE DRIVERS, THE SLOWER THEY ESTIMATED THEIR SPEED), (2) A POSITIVE CORRELATION BETWEEN TRIALS (DRIVERS WERE CONSISTENT IN THEIR ESTIMATES), (3) ESTIMATIONS WITHIN EACH TRIAL COVERED A RANGE OF 50 TO 80 MPH, AND (4) A POSSIBLE NEGATIVE INFLUENCE OF BRINGING THE ATTENTION OF THE VIEWER TO THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT (ESTIMATES WERE LOWER). /AUTHOR/ KW - Age KW - Drivers KW - Freeways KW - Judgment (Human characteristics) KW - Motion pictures KW - Speed limits KW - Speed studies KW - Studies KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic patterns KW - Traffic speed KW - Traffic studies KW - Traffic surveys KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/114293 ER - TY - SER AN - 00200384 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Famous, P TI - STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT MANAGEMENT: PART 1-ORGANIZATION PY - 1970/02 AB - THE PUBLIC ROADS RESEARCH STAFF REPORTS ON MANAGEMENT STUDIES THAT WERE CONDUCTED IN SEVERAL STATES TO UPGRADE THE QUALITY OF HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION. THE FINDINGS THAT RELATED TO THE ORGANIZATION, OR STRUCTURE, OF THE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENTS SURVEYED ARE REPORTED. HIGHWAY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL WILL NEED TO BE AWARE OF CHANGING STATE REQUIREMENTS AND EXPECTATIONS OF HIGHWAY USERS. THEY MUST BE PREPARED TO MANAGE A LARGER AND EVER-EXPANDING PROGRAM. HIGHWAY DEPARTMENTS NEED TO HAVE A PLAN OF ORGANIZATION MATCHED TO THESE RAPIDLY CHANGING AND DEVELOPING PROGRAMS. THE REQUIREMENTS AND EXPECTATIONS MUST BE KEPT UNDER CONTINUOUS REVIEW IN ORDER TO PROVIDE GOALS THAT MEET THEM, PROVIDE A SOURCE OF DIRECTED ACTION FOR THE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT, AND PROVIDE A COHESIVE TEAM APPROACH ON THE PART OF ALL ELEMENTS OF GEOGRAPHICALLY WIDESPREAD DEPARTMENTS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Administration KW - Awareness KW - Change KW - Highway administration KW - Highway departments KW - Highway operations KW - Management KW - Organizations KW - Requirement KW - Specifications KW - Surveys KW - Travelers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/90199 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457556 AU - Swami, S A AU - Goetz, William Harner AU - Harr, Milton Edward AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Time and Load Independent Properties of Bituminous Mixtures : Technical Paper PY - 1970/01 SP - 39p AB - This paper presents a new approach to characterize the time-dependent behavior of asphaltic concrete by a transfer function which is derived from the frequency response of the material, using sinusoidal loading tests. The ratio of the Laplace transform of the output to the Laplace transform of the input to any system is defined as the transfer function of the system between the input and the output. The transfer function is a function of the complex variable s= jw , where w is the frequency of the input and j is the imaginary unit. In this study asphaltic concrete was treated as a damped, linear system in which the applied force f(t) was the input and the resulting displacement x(t) was the output. Both the input and output were functions of time. By varying the frequency of the input the output-input magnitude ratio was obtained for each frequency and its plot against log frequency yielded the frequency spectrum. Also, the time lag between the output and the input was noted from which the phase angle was calculated. A simple geometric technique to obtain the transfer function directly from the frequency spectrum was used in this investigation. This technique was applied to the results of the test specimens of asphaltic concrete cut from laboratory compacted beams of two different compositions tested at three temperatures. It is shown that the transfer function for bituminous concrete thus derived from a dynamic test can be used to predict the displacement of the test specimen subjected to a static load by treating the latter as a step function of time and through the use of Laplace inverse transform. The excellent agreement between the calculated and measured values of the displacements indicates that the transfer function represents a material property which is independent of load input. The concept of transfer function makes it possible to represent the time-dependent behavior of asphaltic concrete by a fourth order linear differential equation with constant coefficients without assuming any spring-dashpot model. The coefficients can be computed from the roots of the denominator and numerator of the transfer function. KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Bituminous mixtures KW - Load tests KW - Properties of materials KW - Time dependence KW - Transfer functions UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313771 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219086 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457545 AU - Robinson, David C AU - Grecco, William Louise AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Indiana's Motorboat Fuel Tax : Progress Report PY - 1970/01 SP - 22p AB - The purpose of this research investigation was to estimate the total amount of gasoline consumed per year by motorboat In the State of Indiana for which state fuel tax was paid, Motorboat fuel consumption data for 1963 were obtained from questionnaires mailed in February 1969 to a sample of boat owners randomly selected from motorboat registrations maintained by the Department of Natural Resources. The response to the questionnaires revealed that approximately 19 million gallons of fuel were consumed by motorboats In Indiana In 1968. This amount represented eight tenths of one per cent of the total taxable gasoline sales in that year. Previous studies in California (1914) and Missouri (1966) have revealed values of six tenths and seven tenths of one percent respectively. The questionnaires were also used to provide information on the amount and type of boat usage within each of nine categories of motor horse power, and about the gasoline tax refund behavior of the motorboat owners. KW - Fuel consumption KW - Fuel taxes KW - Indiana KW - Motor boats UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313774 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219089 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457543 AU - Hensen, Ronald Jerome AU - Grecco, William Louise AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - An Information Manual on the Urban Transportation Planning Process for Technical Committees in Smaller Urban Areas PY - 1970/01 SP - 160p AB - The daily transportation of people and goods within urbanized areas is presently being studied in over two hundred urbanized areas throughout the country. The scope of these urban transportation studies, hereafter referred to as Studies, are concerned with identifying the need for transportation systems and the coordination of these needs with an overall program of improvement of the urban environment. Recent research and the experiences of small urbanized areas that have meaningful Studies in progress are contributing to the development of a set of procedures that, hopefully, will be both adequate and suitable for implementation by personnel with limited transportation planning backgrounds. It is the purpose of this report to describe the experiences of completed Studies; and to discuss the problems involved in designing and administering Studies in smaller urbanized areas. No attempt has been made to be rigorously inclusive of all Study elements in the discussions. This report is not intended as a handbook of procedures, but rather an informative description of the efforts and commitments required to initiate a Study. For purposes of this report, a smaller urbanized area is defined as being in the range of 30,000 to 300,000 population. KW - Information dissemination KW - Manuals KW - Small cities KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - http://archive.org/details/informationmanua00hens UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313772 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219087 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457540 AU - Tons, Egons AU - Goetz, William Harner AU - Anderson, Virgil L AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Flow in Aggregate-Binder Mixes : Technical Paper PY - 1970/01 SP - 71p AB - Prediction of field service behavior of a bituminous mix on the basis of its composition or material ingredients, presents a difficult problem. In spite of this, research and experience have provided methods for practical mix designs which are adequate in most cases. The designs used at present are essentially trial and error in nature. The type and gradation of aggregate and the asphalt grade are chosen, then a number of asphalt contents are estimated which hopefully bracket the desired optimum conditions. Next follows the making of specimens and their testing to determine the optimum mix. If the combination of ingredients does not give the specified or desired properties (stability, voids, etc.), the components in the mix are changed and the tests are repeated. The assumption at the start of this investigation was that a knowledge of physical factors of the aggregate and the binder could lead to a more systematic and unified mix design procedure. The specific objectives of this research were: a. To define and measure quantitatively useful mix-design parameters for aggregates. b. To define and analyze the function of asphalt in a mix. c. To try to predict "strength" values for aggregate-asphalt mixtures from composition parameters. d. To initiate an approach to a unified mix design. KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Bituminous aggregates KW - Bituminous binders KW - Flow KW - Mix design KW - Properties of materials UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313773 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219088 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457531 AU - Morre, D James AU - Cheetham, Ronald David AU - Krawiec, Stanislaw AU - Clark, R David AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Combination Treatments For Control of Wild Garlic and Common Milkweed : Progress Report PY - 1970/01 SP - 202p AB - Two abundant roadside species, Common Milkweed and Wild Garlic, are not economically controlled by any one chemical or cultural treatment presently available. Both species resist mowing as a control measure. Common Milkweed is particularly unsightly and seems to be most prevalent at intersections where the plants may become sufficiently tall to obstruct vision. Both species are potential invaders of adjacent crop land. In this study, a potent new herbicide providing control of a broad spectrum of plant species was selected for initial use in combinations with the standard roadside herbicides. The report discusses the effectiveness of the new herbicides in controlling this vegetation. KW - Herbicides KW - Roadside flora KW - Vegetation KW - Vegetation control UR - http://archive.org/details/combinationtreat00morr UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313785 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219091 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457523 AU - Witczak, Matthew W AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A Generalized Investigation of Selected Highway Design and Construction Factors by Regional Geomorphic Units within the Continental United States PY - 1970/01//Final Report SP - 423p AB - This report concerns an Investigation of the occurrence and distribution of selected highway factors within regional geomorphic units comprising the adjacent 48 states. The regional classification system used as a basis of examination was that proposed by Woods-Lovell. This system was slightly modified to produce 97 Sections for investigation. The highway factors analyzed by Section were: availability of quality aggregate resources, soil origin and texture, high volume change soils, potentially poor subgrade support conditions (clayey and organic type) and frost susceptible soils. A generalized evaluation of the utility of using Physiographic Sections as information filing units for the highway factors was also conducted. It was found that because of the multiplicity of factors used to define and bound Physiographic Sections, it is not possible to make a blanket conclusion regarding the validity of utilizing these Sections as "filing systems" for highway factors. Although generalizations regarding the design factors can and have been made within the physiographic units, the uniqueness of the units appears to be dependent upon the factor in question, the degree to which variant units are present within the Section, and the modal characteristics which define the Section. The majority of Sections examined showed a significant presence of smaller, variant units within them. Based upon this consideration, plus the overall importance of the parent material - origin characteristics to the highway engineer, a suggested highway engineering - physiographic unit map of the Continental United States is presented. This system is comprised of 242 tentative units KW - Aggregates KW - Geomorphology KW - Highway design KW - Physiography KW - Road construction KW - Soils KW - Subgrade (Pavements) UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313775 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219090 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01454464 AU - Turner, A Keith AU - Miles, Robert Douglas AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - The GCARS System - a Computer-Assisted Method of Regional Route Location : Technical Paper PY - 1970/01 SP - 78p AB - The Generalized Computer-Ai ded Route Selection (GCARS) System is designed to fulfill the need for improved regional planning methods. Computer-aided planning systems, such as GCARS, combine the engineer's judgment with the computer's data handling and logical capabilities. This makes possible the rapid generation and objective assessment of larger numbers of alternative corridors in terms of many conflicting location factors. The GCARS System builds and stores within the computer specific cost models, termed "value surfaces". Several value surfaces may be combined in various proportions to form a "utility surface". Repeated minimum path analysis of these surfaces generates a series of ranked alternatives between any desired termini i, in response to selected factors alone or in combination. The effects of changes in the importance of any factor or in the locations of terminii can be quickly determined. The sensitivity of each situation is measured by comparing the subsequent choices to the first. The operation of the GCARS System is demonstrated by examples from an Indiana study. Two by-pass locations near a town of 60,000 population are examined in terms of earthwork, pavement construction, and right-of-way acquisition costs, trip distributions, and the present road network. Experiments have shown that these techniques become increasingly attractive as the number of factors to be considered increases, and when the engineer has interactive control of the process through a teletype or similar device. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Bypasses KW - Computer programs KW - Earthwork KW - Highway design KW - Highway location KW - Highway planning KW - Location KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Route surveying KW - Routes KW - Trip distribution UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313790 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219095 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00218058 AU - Jorgensen (Roy) and Associates AU - Tennessee Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT PY - 1970/01 AB - AN INVESTIGATIONS HAS BEEN MADE OF THE POTENTIAL FOR AND FEASIBILITY OF IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS OF THE TENNESSEE DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS THROUGH IMPLEMENTATION OF A MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM. THE INVESTIGATION INDICATES THE MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS CAN BE IMPROVED BY THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A STATEWIDE MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM. /FHWA/ KW - Highway maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance administration KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Management KW - Systems engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108506 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00205366 AU - LeFevre, E W AU - Heiliger, W L AU - Shafer, P T AU - University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AU - Arkansas State Highway Department AU - Bureau of Public Roads /US TI - BENKLEMEN BEAM DEFLECTION TEST PARAMETER INVESTIGATION ON ARKANSAS HIGHWAYS PY - 1970/01 AB - EXTENSIVE BENKLEMAN BEAM MEASUREMENTS WERE TAKEN AT TEST SITES DURING THE SUMMERS OF 1967, 1968, AND 1969. NELMER RECORDER TRACES OF THESE DEFLECTIONS HAVE BEEN ANALYZED IN DETAIL AS TO AREA UNDER THE DEFLECTION TRACE AND LINEAR PARAMETERS. THOSE RELATIONSHIPS WHICH EXIST BETWEEN THESE PAVEMENT DEFLECTION PARAMETERS AS DETERMINED BY A STEPWISE MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION TECHNIQUE ARE DISCUSSED. THIS ANALYSIS IS AN INTERMEDIATE STEP IN CORRELATION OF THESE PARAMETERS TO SERVICEABILITY AND DURABILITY OF ARKANSAS PAVEMENTS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Benkelman beam KW - Correlation analysis KW - Crash investigation KW - Deflection KW - Deflection tests KW - Durability KW - Highways KW - Linear regression analysis KW - Methodology KW - Parameters KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavements KW - Serviceability KW - Studies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/99375 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206403 AU - Burchett, J L AU - Rizenbergs, R L AU - Kentucky Department Highways AU - Bureau of Public Roads /US TI - PAVEMENT SLIPPERINESS STUDIES INTERIM REPORT PY - 1970/01 AB - THE STEADILY INCREASING VOLUME OF TRAFFIC AND THE VELOCITY OF THIS TRAFFIC HAS PLACED GREATER DEMANDS ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF PAVEMENTS WHICH HAVE ADEQUATE SKID RESISTANCE. ACCURATE AND RELIABLE MEASUREMENTS OF PAVEMENT FRICTION AND PROPER INTERPRETATION OF THE TEST RESULTS ARE INTEGRAL PARTS OF THE EVALUATION OF PAVEMENT MIXES AND DESLICKING TREATMENTS AND OF METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION. THIS INTERIM REPORT DOCUMENTS THE WORK CONDUCTED BY THE KENTUCKY DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS IN THE AREA OF SKID RESISTANCE OF PAVEMENTS THROUGH FISCAL YEAR 1969. THE KENTUCKY INTERIM STANDARD METHOD OF SKID TEST USING AN AUTOMOBILE IS DESCRIBED. INCLUDED ARE THE INSTRUMENTATION, TEST PROCEDURES AND THE DETERMINATION OF SKID RESISTANCE. THE KENTUCKY METHOD USING AN AUTOMOBILE WAS CORRELATED WITH SKID TRAILERS AT THE 1967 SKID CORRELATION AT OCALA, FLORIDA. THE RESULT OF THIS CORRELATION IS PRESENTED IN THE REPORT. AN EFFORT WAS MADE TO DETERMINE THE STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE MEASUREMENTS AS A RESULT OF THE PROCEDURES EMPLOYED, EFFECTS DUE TO REPLACEMENT AND WEAR OF TEST TIRES, AND ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES SUCH AS SEASON TEMPERATURES. IN ADDITION OVER 40 PAVEMENTS OF DIFFERENT TYPES AND AGE HAVE BEEN MONITORED SINCE 1964. POLISHING EFFECTS DUE TO TRAFFIC, TIME IN SERVICE, AND YEAR TO YEAR ENVIRONMENTAL DIFFERENCES WERE CONSIDERED IN ORDER TO ASCERTAIN THE FRICTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIOUS PAVEMENTS. A CORRELATION BETWEEN THE DRAG TESTER AND THE AUTOMOBILE METHOD WAS MADE AND THE DATA AND RESULTS ARE PRESENTED. /AUTHOR/ KW - Deslicking treatment KW - Instrumentation KW - Oil spill cleanup KW - Pavements KW - Paving KW - Skid resistance KW - Skid resistance tests KW - Skidding KW - Skin resistance KW - Slipperiness KW - Test procedures KW - Test results UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/100118 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514031 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-30, Benton County / Linn County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Draft supplement to the final, Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Iowa UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298355 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514030 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-75 construction, north of Marietta, Cobb County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Georgia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298354 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514029 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 130 bridge replacement, approaches, interchange, Burlington County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Jersey UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298353 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514028 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-235 improvement, SR-41 to SR-29, Clark/Champaign counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Ohio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298352 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514027 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - STH 71, Kendall-Elroy Road reconstruction, Monroe/Juneau counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298351 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514026 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Loop 485, Gladewater : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298350 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514025 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-90 (I-90), Asahel Curtis interchange to Snoqualmie Summit, King County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298349 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514024 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-67 construction, north of Midlothian to Dallas County line, Ellis County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298348 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514023 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - STH-78, Gratiot to Argyle (CTH-N to STH-81 section), Lafayette County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, F KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298347 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514022 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-49 reconstruction, west of L&A Railroad to SH-11, Cass/Morris counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298346 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514021 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Loop 335, US-60/US-66 to US-87/US-287, Amarillo : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298345 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514020 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-2, west approach to Columbia River bridge reconstruction, Wenatchee : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298344 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514018 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-12 proposed construction (South Madison Belt Line), Fish Hatchery Road to I-90, Dane County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298342 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514017 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - STH-69 construction, Illinois state line to Monroe, Green County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298341 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513151 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Groton-Marshfield State Hwy, Groton : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Vermont UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297475 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513150 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 220 proposed improvement, Roanoke : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///v. held: Draft, F. KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297474 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513149 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-79 proposed improvement, Saunders County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297473 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513148 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Oakman-Parrish new 2-lane roadway, Walker County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Final KW - Alabama KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297472 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513147 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-60 improvement, Zanesville, Muskingum County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Ohio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297471 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513146 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-101, Mottman Road interchange, Tumwater and Olympia, Thurston County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297470 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513145 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - USH-41 construction, STH-110 to CTH-G, Winnebago County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297469 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513144 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-112 improvement, Jim Creek Bridge replacement, Clallam County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297468 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513143 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - USH-51 reconstruction, Marathon/Lincoln counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297467 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513142 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SH Spur 484, proposed SH Loop 9 to SH Loop 635, Dallas County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297466 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513141 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 100, Moretown and Duxbury : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Vermont UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297465 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513140 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-102 reconstruction, Lemington : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Vermont UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297464 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513139 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-2, Arrowhead Bridge and approaches proposed replacement, Superior to Duluth (WI,MN) : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Minnesota KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297463 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513138 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Bridge and approaches over Seaboard Coastline Railroad, Richmond : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, F KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297462 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513137 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Riverton to Hudson Road, Fremont County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wyoming UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297461 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513136 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 6 widening, Goochland County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297460 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513132 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - CTH B, West County Line-Lake Mills Road, Jefferson County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Revised draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297456 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512226 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - NE-10 improvement, upgrading, 31st St North, Kearney : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296550 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512225 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 460 relocation, Route 226 to Nottoway County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296549 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512224 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-195 construction, Pullman to Wawawai Road, Whitman County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296548 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512223 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-169 realignment, improvements, Maplewood Golf Course to SR-405 in Renton, King County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296547 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512222 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-146, north of Dickinson Bayou to FM-1764, Galveston County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296546 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512221 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 622, Route 29 to Route 677, Amherst County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296545 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512220 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - STH-15, Beloit to Elkhorn, Rock/Walworth counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296544 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512219 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-131, SR-10 to Hungry Junction Road, Kittitas County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296543 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512218 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - STH-13, Ogema and Prentice bypasses, Price County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296542 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512217 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-8, Rhinelander bypass, Oneida County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296541 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512216 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Noise standards and procedures for implementing Section 109(i), Title 23, USC : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296540 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512215 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-100, Moretown bypass : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Vermont UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296539 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512212 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - CTH-D, Chippewa River bridge, Rusk County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296536 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511300 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - USH-16 widening from Oconomowoc to Pewaukee Road and STH-67 construction, Waukesha County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295624 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511299 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - WVA Turnpike upgrading, Princeton to Charleston : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - West Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295623 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511298 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - STH-172 (Ashwaubenon-Allouez crossing of Fox River), USH-41 to I-57, Brown County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295622 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511297 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-53, SH-320 to Rosebud, Bell/Falls counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295621 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511296 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - USH-287/SH-19 construction, south of Grapeland to the Anderson County line, Houston County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295620 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511295 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-90 improvement, lower crossing Snoqualmie River to National Forest boundary, King County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295619 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511294 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-69, Cherokee County line to SH-7, Angelina County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295618 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511293 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 57, intersection Route 58 to east of E.C.L. Martinsville, Henry County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295617 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511292 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - STH-40/STH-27 (CTH-D) bridge replacement, Sawyer County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295616 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511291 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-302, Berlin and Montpelier (Barre-Montpelier Expressway) : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Vermont UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295615 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511289 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-190 construction, Nolanville to Belton, Bell County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295613 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511288 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SH Loop 9, IH-20 to Denton Tap Road, Dallas County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295612 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511287 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - STH-42-57, Sturgeon Bay bridge and approaches, Sturgeon Bay : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295611 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511286 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 646 reconstruction, Route 360/47 (Southwest Keysville) to Mecklenburg County line, Charlotte County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295610 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510393 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - FAP-22 (MT-16) reconstruction, Culbertson to Plentywood, Sheridan County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Montana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294717 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510392 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Wheeling Hospital access road (County Route 40/8), Ohio County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, F KW - Environmental impact statements KW - West Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294716 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510391 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-71, east of West Point to Bastrop County line, Fayette County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294715 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510390 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - USH-151 reconstruction, Fond du Lac to Peebles, Fond du Lac County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294714 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510389 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-276, Campus Loop Road, Pullman : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294713 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510388 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 460 construction, Farmville bypass, Prince Edward County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294712 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510387 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Appalachian corridor Q, Virginia state line to Mercer County Route 25, Bluefield : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - West Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294711 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510386 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SH Loop 635, SH-121 to IH-35E-635 interchange, Dallas/Tarrant counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294710 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510385 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - USH-41, DePere-Green Bay-Suamico Road, Brown County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294709 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510384 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - USH-53, Hawthorne to USH-2, Douglas County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294708 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510383 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SH Spur 303, FM-1382 in Grand Prairie to Loop 12 in Dallas, Dallas County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294707 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510382 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-35 relocation, Dixie Drive to Almeda-Genoa Road, Houston : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294706 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510379 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-80, east of Emory Overhead to east of Castle Rock, Summit County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Utah UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294703 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509488 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 612 reconstruction, relocation, Route 626 to Route 11 (Verona), Augusta County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293812 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509487 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-2 passing lanes, Sultan vicinity, Snohomish County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Revised draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293811 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509486 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Beltway 8 construction, I-10 to SH-225, Harris County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293810 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509485 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-175 construction, Kaufman to Henderson County line, Kaufman County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293809 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509484 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-90, I-5 to Mercer Island west shore, King County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final,Frev KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293808 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509482 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Salina connection to I-70, Sevier County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Utah UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293806 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509481 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Mills Spur Road (WY-220/US-20/26 connector) improvement, Natrona County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wyoming UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293805 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509480 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SH Spur-354 at Loop 12 reconstruction, Dallas : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293804 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509479 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-20 reconstruction, SR-153 near Twisp to Beaver Creek, Okanogan County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293803 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509478 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - STH-100, Ryan Road, Howell Ave to STH-32, Oak Creek : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293802 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509477 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 33, proposed Stanardsville bypass, Greene County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293801 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509476 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Thermopolis-Worland Road (Big Horn River bridge), US-20/ WY-2202 junction to 6th St, Worland : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wyoming UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293800 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509475 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - PR-30, proposed Humacao South bypass, Humacao : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293799 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509474 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Loop 375, I-10 to US-62-180, El Paso County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293798 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509473 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-35, Tompkins Crossing bridge and approaches construction, St.Albans-Scary : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - West Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293797 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509472 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-5, Vancouver Freeway improvements, Columbia River bridge to Burnt Bridge Creek, Vancouver : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293796 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509471 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-182 construction, SR-395 interchange, Franklin County : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293795 ER -