TY - RPRT AN - 00091556 AU - Prokopy, J C AU - Ellis, R H AU - Cooney, T A AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - SURVEY TO DETERMINE THE POTENTIAL FOR IMPROVED RAIL ADVANCED VEHICLE SERVICE. WORK UNIT I. COMMON CARRIER HISTORICAL AND SURVEY DATA PY - 1972/12 SP - 288 p. AB - The report presents common carrier historical and survey data developed to evaluate the future market potential for improved highspeed rail passenger service. The data were collected for one long-haul and three short-haul corridors: Chicago-St. Louis; Chicago-Minneapolis/St. Paul; Seattle-Portland; and New York-Florida. The report is organized into four parts. The first three parts are contained in Volume I. Part one discusses the development of historical service, fare, and ridership data for the air, rail, and bus modes for the years 1962 through 1971. The second part describes the design and conduct of the survey of common carrier travelers in the four corridors. The third part describes the computer-based common carrier data base of historical and survey data, and presents selected tabulations of this data. KW - Common carriers KW - Consumer relations KW - Fares KW - Florida KW - Level of service KW - Market surveys KW - New York (State) KW - Operating costs KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Revenues KW - Services KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28425 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091557 AU - Laughlin, M AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - SURVEY TO DETERMINE THE POTENTIAL FOR IMPROVED RAIL ADVANCED VEHICLE SERVICE. WORK UNIT II. RAIL COST ANALYSIS PY - 1972/12 SP - 127 p. AB - The report presents cost data for evaluating the future role of improved high-speed rail passenger service. The costs presented here are at a level of detail which is sufficient for cost-benefit trade-off analysis between different levels of speed and service. Costs which are a function of speed are treated explicitly. Such costs include both capital investment and mantenance and operating costs for 80 mph and 120 mph operation. Each major area of railroad cost is treated to a level of detail which allows specific analysis of a corridor without dependence on generalized averages from other corridors. The application of the costs is demonstrated in an example of cost analysis of a specific corridor service. The example includes comparisons of the effects of speed and load factor. KW - Analysis KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Florida KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance KW - New York (State) KW - Operating costs KW - Passenger transportation KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Services KW - Terminal facilities KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28427 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00072688 AU - Birkeland, P W AU - McCullough, B F AU - Meisenholder, S G AU - Oye, J AU - TRW Systems Group TI - INVESTIGATION OF REDUCED COST GUIDEWAY DESIGNS FOR THE TRACKED AIR CUSHION RESEARCH VEHICLE. PART A PY - 1972/12 SP - 230 p. AB - A study was made of alternate low cost guideway design concepts for the 300 mph Tracked Air Cushion Research Vehicle which will be tested at the DOT High Speed Ground Test Center at Pueblo, Colorado. The proposed concepts are both within present state of the art, and are designed to take maximum advantage of the existing technology used in the highway construction industry. The chief requirements are low construction cost and safe operation of vehicles at speeds up to 300 miles per hour. The various guideway design constraints imposed by the vehicle are discussed and used to evolve the preferred design concepts. The requirement for acceptable passenger ride comfort is interpreted in terms of guideway surface smoothness considerations by means of a probabilistic analysis of vehicle response. Various construction techniques are investigated and cost estimates are presented for each of the preferred concepts. The costs of the two preferred quideway design concepts are compared to the cost of the existing design which is being used for the initial construction phases at HSGTC. The sensitivity of the construction cost to certain guideway design features is discussed. Estimates showed that the tow preferred concepts should cost 30 - 50% less than the existing design. KW - Advanced systems KW - Guideway roughness KW - Guideways KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Passenger comfort KW - Roughness KW - Tracked air cushion vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/20821 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941408 AU - Devoe, D B AU - Sussman, E D AU - Feehrer, C E AU - Hill, J H AU - Holland, W H AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - HUMAN FACTORS IN RAILROAD OPERATIONS: INITIAL STUDIES PY - 1972/11 SP - 124 p. AB - This report summarizes the progress of a year's work in providing support in human factors to the Federal Railroad Administration. The principal topics include: (a) a description of the locomotive engineer's job, particularly with regard to its inherent hazards, its contributions to operational safety, and the aptitudes and skills required for effective train handling; (b) an initial assessment of the physical fitness requirements for several railroad jobs; (c) an analysis of the needs for human factors data in accident reports; and (d) recommendations for the use of a locomotive and train simulator for research in railroad safety. Plans are given for continuation of the effort and recommendations for additional areas of study. KW - Aptitude KW - Crash reports KW - Hazards KW - Human factors KW - Job analysis KW - Locomotive engineers KW - Motor skills KW - Physical fitness KW - Railroad safety KW - Railroad simulators KW - Railroad vehicle operations KW - Research KW - Train operation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642656 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00098685 AU - McConnell, D P AU - New York University, Bronx AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - ON THE TORSIONAL RIGIDITY OF RAIL FASTENERS IN THE LATERAL PLANE PY - 1972/11 SP - 35 p. AB - This paper deals with the resistance of the rail fastener to torsion in the plane of the track, as a factor affecting the stability of the track structure. In addition to a review of the various mathematical models used to simulate the track, this paper also reports on the results of experimental measurements of the torsional rigidity of various types of rail fasteners in use in both the United States and Western Europe, including the type of rail fastener utilized in the construction of the high speed test track at the High Speed Ground Test Center of the Department of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration, located at Pueblo, Colorado. The results of these tests indicate a scheme for increasing the torsional rigidity of track panels. In conclusion, important considerations for the design and selection of rail fasteners for use on continuously welded rail are described. KW - Mathematical models KW - Rail fasteners KW - Railroad tracks KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Structural design KW - Torsion KW - Track geometry KW - Track stability KW - Transportation Technology Center UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37796 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00142589 JO - Elektrische Bahnen PB - Verlag R Oldenbourg AU - Gladigau, A AU - Verlag R Oldenbourg TI - PERFORMANCE OF ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES PY - 1972/10 SP - p. 230-238 AB - Performance figures are given for three typical designs of electric locomotive of the German Federal Railway which have been in use for 10 years. The performance figures include tractive effort and coefficient of adhesion as a function of axle loading and slip for wet and dry rails. Tire wear and the factors affecting it are discussed and test results for electric, steam and diesel traction are quoted. Reference is made to the poor utilization factor of thyristor installations operating at comparatively high delay angles and at attempts at improvement by the use of forced commutation of the thyristors. KW - Adhesion KW - Deutsche Bahn KW - Deutsche Bundesbahn KW - Electric locomotives KW - Electric power conditioning KW - Locomotive performance KW - Locomotives KW - Thyristors KW - Traction KW - Tractive effort KW - Vehicle performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/65784 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092233 AU - Lang, A S AU - Martland, C D AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - STUDIES IN RAILROAD OPERATIONS AND ECONOMICS. VOLUME 8. RELIABILITY IN RAILROAD OPERATIONS PY - 1972/10 SP - 96 p. AB - Line-haul and trip time data were analyzed from eight railroads and found that unreliability is evident in all phases of rail operations. Yard delays, many of which are caused by unreliable train operations, are the greatest cause of trip time unreliability. Changes in operations, capital improvements, and institutional changes can all help improve reliability. Moreover, capital investment especially in improved mechanical reliability of equipment, will have a less significant and immediate impact than operating changes such as through-blocked trains and increased schedule adherence. A dialogue between shippers, railroads, labor, and management is critical to the success of a program for improving reliability. KW - Capital investments KW - Cargo transportation KW - Economic factors KW - Freight cars KW - Freight forwarders KW - Freight forwarding KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight trains KW - Freight transportation KW - Labor unions KW - Management KW - Operating strategies KW - Railroad terminals KW - Railroad traffic KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroads KW - Reliability KW - Scheduling KW - Shippers KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic managers KW - Yard operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29023 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133088 AU - Interrante, C G AU - HICHO, G E AU - Harne, D E AU - National Bureau of Standards AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - A METALLURGICAL ANALYSIS OF ELEVEN STEEL PLATES TAKEN FROM A TANK CAR ACCIDENT NEAR CALLAO, MISSOURI PY - 1972/09 SP - 175 p. AB - A metallurgical analysis of eleven steel plate samples designed as Callao samples K-1, K-2, K-3 and K-5 to K-12 was requested by the Bureau of Railroad Safety, Federal Railroad Administration, Department of Transportation. The Callao samples were removed from a tank car numbered GATX 94451 which had been involved in an accident near Callao, Missouri where the ambient temperature was reportedly 15F. An investigation was conducted at the National Bureau of Standards to determine if the plate sample conformed with the Association of American Railroads (AAR) Specification AAR-TC128-65 (flange quality, grade B, fine-grain practice) for high-tensile strength, carbon-manganese steel plates for tank cars, and to gather information pertinent to the question of the suitability of this type of steel for use as plate materials of tank cars. KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Low temperature KW - Metal plates KW - Metallography KW - Metallurgy KW - Missouri KW - Plates (Engineering) KW - Railroad materials KW - Specifications KW - Steel KW - Tank car construction materials KW - Tank cars UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41348 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00050140 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - HIGH SPEED GROUND TRANSPORTATION ACT OF 1965 PY - 1972/09 IS - 6 SP - 145 p. AB - The report accounts for High Speed Ground Transportation activities and covers the period ending 30 September 1972. Previous reports of the former Office of High Speed Ground Transportation have served as a source book on the HSGT Program for Congressional Committees, other DOT organizations, prospective contractors, academicians, and others wanting to know about HSGT program content, accomplishments, or future direction. HSGT activities are now a portion of the work of the Office of Research, Development, and Demonstrations in the reorganized Federal Railroad Administration. This Sixth Report will serve the same purpose as previous reports and reflect the more recent emphasis of the activities at the High Speed Ground Test Center in Colorado, expanding hardware development programs, and maturing demonstration programs. KW - Control devices KW - Dynamics KW - Electric power supply KW - Experimental design KW - Fra KW - Government planning KW - Government policies KW - Governments KW - High speed ground transportation KW - High speed ground transportation act of 1965 KW - High speed rail KW - Metroliner (Express train) KW - Passenger transportation KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Propulsion KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Regional planning KW - Suspension systems KW - Turbotrains KW - U.S. Federal Railroad Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/10218 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941407 AU - Hergenrother, K M AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE EXHAUST EMISSION CONTROL AND ABATEMENT PY - 1972/06 SP - 18 p. AB - Exhaust emissions from diesel locomotives are a product of engine design and combustion characteristics. These pollutants, control methods, and emissions reduction through engine maintenance and retrofittable equipment changes are discussed in this report. KW - Air pollution KW - Diesel engine exhaust gases KW - Diesel engines KW - Diesel locomotives KW - Emission control devices KW - Maintenance KW - Pollution control KW - Retrofitting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642655 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092231 AU - FOLK, J F AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - STUDIES IN RAILROAD OPERATIONS AND ECONOMICS. VOLUME 6. SOME ANALYSES OF RAILROAD DATA PY - 1972/06 SP - 78 p. AB - The report presents data from several railroads on yard, link, and total origin-to-destination performance. Topics analyzed include train arrivals as functions of train length and the day of the week, line haul times, departure times, receiving yard delays, total yard times, missed connections, and trip time standard deviations. Such data analysis is necessary to insure a realistic choice of parameter values and modelling concepts in conjunction with the simulation models discussed in Volume 5, Models for Investigating Rail Trip Time Reliability. The data and results given in this report can also be helpful to future work on railroad reliability. KW - Cargo transportation KW - Economic factors KW - Freight cars KW - Freight forwarders KW - Freight forwarding KW - Freight terminals KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight trains KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Mathematical models KW - Operating strategies KW - Railroad terminals KW - Railroad traffic KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroads KW - Reliability KW - Scheduling KW - Simulation KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic delays KW - Train operations KW - Train performance KW - Yard operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29018 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092232 AU - FOLK, J F AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - STUDIES IN RAILROAD OPERATIONS AND ECONOMICS. VOLUME 7. A BRIEF REVIEW OF VARIOUS NETWORK MODELS PY - 1972/06 SP - 96 p. AB - In the past decade, the railroad industry has developed various types of models to investigate different operating problems and policies, as well as proposed changes in the physical plant of a railroad. This report presents a review of the railroad network models. Two basic types of network models are reviewed: simulation models and optimization models. In the network simulation models reviewed, car movements through a network are simulated for a fixed set of train schedules and route structures. Changes in operating policies are tested by making appropriate changes in either the input data deck or the internal logic of the simulation program. The network optimization models reviewed optimize train schedules (or in one case, a railroad network) for a fixed traffic demand. Quantities one might vary in a optimization model include traffic levels, network configuration, cost indexes, and parameters such as train speeds and processing rates at yards. KW - Cargo transportation KW - Costs KW - Economic factors KW - Freight cars KW - Freight forwarders KW - Freight forwarding KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight trains KW - Freight transportation KW - Mathematical models KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Operating strategies KW - Optimization KW - Policy KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad traffic KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroads KW - Reliability KW - Scheduling KW - Simulation KW - Traffic delays KW - Train operations KW - Train performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29021 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092227 AU - Martland, C D AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - STUDIES IN RAILROAD OPERATIONS AND ECONOMICS. VOLUME 2. RAIL TRIP TIME RELIABILITY: EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE MEASURES AND ANALYSIS OF TRIP TIME DATA PY - 1972/06 SP - 110 p. AB - After evaluating alternative measures within a logistics framework, this report recommends two measures of reliability, the maximum percentage of cars whose trip times fall in a consecutive two or three day period of the trip time distribution (the 2- or 3-day%) and the percentage of cars arriving after this period (the %-late). Nevertheless, a dialogue with shippers is necessary before the most appropriate measures can be determined for a specific situation. Using these measures, origin-to-destination (O-D) data for three railroads are analyzed to discover the nature of O-D reliability. Although yard classifications are found to affect reliability much more than does distance, detailed train information is necessary to predict the nature of this impact for a particular O-D pair. Reducing the number of classifications or improving yard operations will improve both reliability and mean trip times. KW - Cargo transportation KW - Data collection KW - Economic factors KW - Freight cars KW - Freight forwarders KW - Freight forwarding KW - Freight shippers KW - Freight trains KW - Freight transportation KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad terminals KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroads KW - Reliability KW - Shippers KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic managers KW - Train operation KW - Yard operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29009 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092228 AU - Belovarac, K AU - KNEAFSEY, J T AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - STUDIES IN RAILROAD OPERATIONS AND ECONOMICS. VOLUME 3. DETERMINANTS OF LINE HAUL RELIABILITY PY - 1972/06 SP - 97 p. AB - The authors look in detail at the variance in arrival time and its components for a total of 1197 trains operating over three different runs (of a single railroad) varying from 150 to 270 miles in length. Their data showed standard deviations of arrival times which typically ranged from 1 to 3-1/2 hours for trains operating on a half dozen different schedules. More important, the analysis of their data showed that the variability in departure time, in running time (excluding stops and delays), and in intermediate yard time were the major contributors to arrival time variance. Standard deviations of departure times (from initial terminal) were on the order of 45 minutes to 1-1/2 hours, of running times from 45 minutes to 2-1/2 hours, and of intermediate yard times from 1/2 hour to 1 hour. KW - Cargo transportation KW - Data collection KW - Economic factors KW - Freight cars KW - Freight forwarders KW - Freight forwarding KW - Freight trains KW - Freight transportation KW - Railroad terminals KW - Railroad trains KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroads KW - Reliability KW - Scheduling KW - Traffic delays KW - Train operation KW - Train operations KW - Train performance KW - Yard operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29011 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092229 AU - Reid, R M AU - O'Doherty, J D AU - Sussman, J M AU - Lang, A S AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - STUDIES IN RAILROAD OPERATIONS AND ECONOMICS. VOLUME 4. THE IMPACT OF CLASSIFICATION YARD PERFORMANCE ON RAIL TRIP TIME RELIABILITY PY - 1972/06 SP - 72 p. AB - Yard reliability emerges as a problem of central importance to overall movement reliability. Detailed studies of three yards suggest that 10 to 20% of all cars miss their most appropriate outbound train connections, although performance varies not only between yards, but between inbound-outbound train pairs at the same yard. It is possible to express the probability of making a connection as an increasing function of the time available to make the connection, since the extra time offsets both arrival delays and congestion delays. The greatest cause of delay, however, is the cancellation of outbound trains or blocks. Extraordinary delays caused by rips and no-bills appear to be a relatively small problem. KW - Cargo transportation KW - Economic factors KW - Freight car repairs KW - Freight cars KW - Freight forwarders KW - Freight forwarding KW - Freight trains KW - Freight transportation KW - Railroad terminals KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroads KW - Reliability KW - Repairing KW - Traffic delays KW - Waybills KW - Yard operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29013 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092230 AU - FOLK, J F AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - STUDIES IN RAILROAD OPERATIONS AND ECONOMICS. VOLUME 5. MODELS FOR INVESTIGATING RAIL TRIP TIME RELIABILITY PY - 1972/06 SP - 213 p. AB - The unreliability of the trip time of railroad freight shipments is often given as the reason for the railroads' loss of traffic to competing modes of transport. The report investigates various operating policies and practices affecting reliability through the use of two simulation models. A network model is developed which simulates the day-to-day movements of cars through a portion of rail network, while another model simulates the journey of a single car moving through a series of yards. The objectives of these models are similar; namely, to study the network effects on reliability of operating policies such as (a) holding outbound trains for more traffic, (b) cancelling outbound trains, (c) altering scheduled connection times at yards, and (d) running shorter more frequent trains between yards. Major conclusions are that railroad operating policies do have a substantial effect on car movement reliability. KW - Cargo transportation KW - Competition KW - Economic factors KW - Freight cars KW - Freight forwarders KW - Freight forwarding KW - Freight terminals KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight trains KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Mathematical models KW - Motor carriers KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Operating strategies KW - Policy KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad terminals KW - Railroad traffic KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroads KW - Reliability KW - Scheduling KW - Simulation KW - Traffic delays KW - Transportation modes KW - Yard operations KW - Yard performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29015 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941406 AU - Chin, G Y AU - Eaves, R E AU - Kodis, R D AU - Yoh, P AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - IMPROVEMENT OF METROLINER TELEPHONE CHANNEL CAPACITY AND MODELING OF TELEPHONE CHANNEL DEMANDS PY - 1972/03 SP - 42 p. AB - The channel capacity of the present Metroliner telephone system is analyzed and methods are proposed to increase that capacity without increasing the overall bandwidth. To determine the number of channels required, calculations have been carried out using two available mathematical models: the Erlang Model and the Waiting Model. Three criteria have been used: (1) the probability that no channel is available; (2) the mean waiting time; and (3) the probability of having to wait at least t minutes. KW - Mathematical models KW - Metroliner (Express train) KW - Mobile telephones KW - Railroad trains KW - Telephone channel capacity KW - Waiting time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642654 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00563953 AU - TROUP, K F AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - AUTOMATIC CAR IDENTIFICATION: AN EVALUATION PY - 1972/03 SP - 32 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Automatic car identification KW - Railroads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/324785 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00131040 AU - Interrante, C G AU - HICHO, G E AU - Harne, D E AU - National Bureau of Standards TI - A METALLURGICAL ANALYSIS OF FIVE STEEL PLATES TAKEN FROM A TANK CAR ACCIDENT NEAR CRESCENT CITY, ILLINOIS PY - 1972/03 SP - 95 p. AB - A metallurgical analysis of five steel samples (numbered FRA-1 through FRA-5) was requested by the Bureau of Railroad Safety, Federal Railroad Administration, Department of Transportation. These steel samples were taken from two tank cars (numbered SOEX 3037 and SOEX 3219) which had been involved in an accident near Crescent City, Illinois. Sample FRA-1, FRA-4, and FRA-5 were reported to be shell plates and sample FRA-3, a head plate. Sample FRA-2 was a welded sample of head plate and shell plate and it was used for most of the mechanical properties determinations in this report. An investigation was conducted at the National Bureau of Standards to determine if the samples conformed with the appropriate specifications for tank car materials and to gather information pertinent to the question of the suitability of these steels for use as plate materials of tank cars. Samples FRA-1,-2, and -5 were reportedly produced to the specification for ASTM A 212-65 Grade B, flange quality steel (A 212-B); and FRA-3 and -4 were reportedly produced to specification AAR M128 Grade B, flange quality steel (M128-B). KW - Alloy steel KW - Fires KW - Metallurgy KW - Railroad materials KW - Safety KW - Specifications KW - Tank car construction materials KW - Tank cars UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32656 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00142590 JO - Die Lokomotivtechnik TI - NEW SINGLE ARM PANTOGRAPHS PY - 1972/02 SP - p. 19-20 AB - The SBS 65/25 pantograph has been developed for operation at speeds up to 250 km/h. Article presents the technical details. KW - High speed rail KW - Pantographs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/65785 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00182859 JO - Trudy TsNII PB - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst AU - Dubrovin, V G AU - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst TI - THEORETICAL RESEARCH OF THE STRESS-DEFORMED CONDITION OF OPEN BOX CAR UNLOADING HATCH COVERS T2 - TEORETICHESKOYE ISSLEDOVANIYE NAPRYAZHENNO- DEFORMIROVANNOGO SOSTOYANIYA KRYSHEK RAZGRUZOCHNYKH LYUKOV POLUVAGONOV PY - 1972 SP - p. 92-104 AB - Questions are dealt with relating to calculating stresses and strains in hatch covers. A procedure is given for calculating the operating reliability of a hatch cover. KW - Freight car component performance KW - Freight cars KW - Open top cars KW - Performance analysis KW - Russia (Federation) KW - Structural analysis KW - Technology KW - Vehicle components UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/79525 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00182860 JO - Trudy TsNII PB - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst AU - Survillo, A B AU - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst TI - THE EFFECT OF SOME DESIGN PARAMETERS AND OPERATIONAL TOLERANCES ON THE RELIABLE MOVEMENT OF A FREIGHT CAR T2 - VLIYANIYE NEKOTORYKH KONSTRUKTIVNIKH PARAMETROV I EKSPLUATATSIONNIKH DOPUSKOV NA USTOYCHIVOST' DVIZHENIYA GRUZOVOGO VAGONA PY - 1972 SP - p. 105-115 AB - The results are given of theoretical studies of the influence of a freight car's parameters on stability of movement on turn out curves of a section of track, as a function of the gap between truck side bearings, the rigidity of the spring group, the car body, and the rail. A calculation is made of the lower limits of total play between side bearings for cars of different types. KW - Bearings KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Ride quality KW - Russia (Federation) KW - Side bearings KW - Steering KW - Suspension systems KW - Technology KW - Train track dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/79526 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00182856 JO - Trudy TsNII PB - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst AU - Shapiro, Ye A AU - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst TI - THE LONGEVITY OF FREIGHT CAR TRUCK SPRINGS T2 - DOLGOVECHNOST' TELEZHECHNYKH PRUZHIN GRUZOVYKH VAGONOV PY - 1972 SP - p. 47-67 AB - The results are given of studies of the life of new and used freight car truck springs. A discussion is given of the mechanism for buildup of fatigue damage to springs associated with the effect of cyclic loads in the process of use. A demonstration is given of the effectiveness of intermediate shot peening to increase the life resource of springs. KW - Car trucks (Railroads) KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Freight car component performance KW - Freight cars KW - Performance analysis KW - Russia (Federation) KW - Service life KW - Spring KW - Technology KW - Vehicle components UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/79522 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00182863 JO - Trudy TsNII PB - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst AU - Nezgovorova, G G AU - Khil'chenko, V P AU - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst TI - THE FUNDAMENTALS OF THE SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZATION OF THE ROUTINE MAINTENANCE OF CAR AT POINTS OF TECHNICAL INSPECTION T2 - OSNOVY NAUCHNOY ORGANIZATSII TEKUSHCHEGO SODERZHANIYA VAGONOV NA PUNKTAKH TEKHNICHESKOGO OSMOTRA PY - 1972 SP - p. 154-163 AB - The results are given of studies of equipment inspection stations of various types, such as service stations. An analysis is made of major losses associated with idle time of repair and inspection crews and idle time of consists or groups of cars awaiting their turn for inspection and minor repairs. Procedures are provided, as well as examples, for selecting the best variants of car servicing organization at stations of different types. KW - Freight car inspection KW - Freight car maintenance KW - Freight cars KW - Inspection KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Maintenance shops KW - Planning KW - Russia (Federation) KW - Technology KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/79529 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00182854 JO - Trudy TsNII PB - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst AU - Orlov, M V AU - Senderov, G K AU - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst TI - INVESTIGATION OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EVALUATION OF FREIGHT CAR RELIABILITY AND THE FIXING RATES FOR RELIABILITY INDICES T2 - ISSLEDOVANIYE OSOBENNOSTEY OTSENKI NADEZHNOSTI GRUZOVYKH VAGONOV I NORMIROVANIYA NOKAZETELEY NADEZHOSTI PY - 1972 SP - p. 4-35 AB - Problems of the theory of reliability applicable to freight cars are set forth. The distinctive features of estimating the reliability and life of cars, of systematizing the gathering of information, and of selecting a proving ground for gathering information are examined. Particular aspects are given of the distribution of car breakdowns resulting from malfunctioning of individual components, as well as the procedure for determining reliability standards for freight cars. KW - Freight car component performance KW - Freight cars KW - Performance analysis KW - Reliability KW - Russia (Federation) KW - Service life KW - Technology KW - Vehicle components UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/79520 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00182861 JO - Trudy TsNII PB - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst AU - Orlov, M V AU - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst TI - THE METHOD FOR CALCULATING A PLAN FOR INTRODUCING AND ORGANIZING THE WORK OF BEARING SHOPS IN CAR DEPOTS T2 - METODIKA RASCHETA PLANA VVODA U ORGANIZATSII RABOTY ROLIKOVYKH TSEKHOV V VAGONNYKH DEPO PY - 1972 SP - p. 116-131 AB - A procedure is developed and presented for devising a schedule for introducing bearing shops at car depots from the viewpoint of economic feasibility. Estimates are made of production areas required for bearing shops and consideration is given to the optimal situation and organization of work of these shops at car depots. KW - Automobile repair shops KW - Freight car maintenance KW - Freight cars KW - Inspection KW - Journal bearings KW - Maintenance practices KW - Repair shops KW - Roller bearings KW - Russia (Federation) KW - Technology KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/79527 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00182857 JO - Trudy TsNII PB - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst AU - Gamirov, V I AU - Barabanshchikov, V F AU - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst TI - PROBLEMS IN THE EVALUATION OF THE HEAT ENGINEERING CONDITION OF REFRIGERATOR CARS T2 - VOPROSY OTSENKI TEPLOTEKHNICHESKOGO SOSTOYANIYA REFRIZHERATORNYKH VAGONOV PY - 1972 SP - p. 68-77 AB - An analysis is provided of current criteria for evaluating the heat engineering properties of refrigerator cars. A summary is given of domestic and foreign experience in the use of thermography. Specifications are formulated for a system of monitoring the heat insulation qualities of cars. KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Electric insulating materials KW - Freight cars KW - Heating, cooling and ventilation equipment KW - Insulated cars KW - Insulating materials KW - Insulation systems KW - Railroad cars KW - Refrigerator cars KW - Russia (Federation) KW - Technology KW - Thermographs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/79523 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00182858 JO - Trudy TsNII PB - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst AU - Glushko, M I AU - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst TI - PROBLEMS IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF LINKLESS AUTOMATIC REGULATORS OF BRAKE RIGGING T2 - VOPROSY SOVERSHENSTVOVANIYA BESKULISNYKH AVTOREGULYATOROV TORMOZNYKH RYCHAZHNYKH PEREDACH PY - 1972 SP - p. 78-91 AB - Questions are addressed relating to interaction of automatic regulator components, taking into account established tolerances and characteristics of springs. Calculations are given for the stability of the return spring and the stressed state of its supporting coils. An analysis is made of the geometrical dimensions of adjusting screws and a determination is made of the conditions that permit proper operation of the screw and the automatic controller's mechanism. KW - Braking KW - Car components KW - Freight car component performance KW - Freight cars KW - Performance analysis KW - Russia (Federation) KW - Screws KW - Spring KW - Technology KW - Vehicle components UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/79524 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00182853 JO - Trudy TsNII PB - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst AU - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst TI - INCREASING THE RELIABILITY AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE ROUTINE MAINTENANCE OF FREIGHT CARS T2 - POVYSHENIYE NADEZHNOSTI I ULUCHSHENIYE TEKUSHCHEGO SODERZHANIYA GRUZOVYKH VAGONOV PY - 1972 SP - 176 p. AB - This proceeding presents 11 technical papers: (1) Investigation of the Characteristics of the Evaluation of Freight Car Reliability and the Fixing of Rates for Reliability Indices; (2) Towards an Evaluation of the Longevity of Freight Car Center Plates; (3) The Longevity of Freight Car Truck Springs; (4) Problems in the Evaluation of the Heat Engineering Condition of Refrigerator Cars; (5) Problems in the Improvement of Linkless Automatic Regulators of Brake Rigging; (6) Theoretical Research of the Stress-Deformed Condition of Open Box Car Unloading Hatch Covers; (7) The Effect of some Design Parameters and Operational Tolerances on the Reliable Movement of a Freight Car; (8) The Method for Calculating a Plan for Introducing and Organizing the Work of Bearing Shops in Car Depots; (9) The Method for Calculating the Optimal Parameters of Car Repair Machines for Preparing Cars for Loading; (10) The Fundamentals of the Scientific Organization of the Routine Maintenance of Car at Points of Technical Inspection; and (11) The Analysis of Certain Aspects of Forces Acting on Elements of Gondolas During Off-Loading on Car Dumpers. KW - Car components KW - Freight car component performance KW - Freight car maintenance KW - Freight cars KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Performance analysis KW - Planning KW - Vehicle components KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/79519 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00182855 JO - Trudy TsNII PB - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst AU - Survillo, A B AU - Radulov, N I AU - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst TI - TOWARDS AN EVALUATION OF THE LONGEVITY OF FREIGHT CAR CENTER PLATES T2 - K OTSENKE DOLGOVECHNOSTI PYATINKOV GRUZOVYKH VAGONOR PY - 1972 SP - p. 36-46 AB - A procedure is examined for estimating the life of parts operating under conditions of pulsed compression cycles. Application of this procedure is illustrated through the example of a car body center plate on a four-axle gondola and calculation is made of the service life of a mass-produced and reinforced plate. Calculated results are compared with service and experimental data. KW - Center plates KW - Freight car component performance KW - Freight cars KW - Gondola cars KW - Performance analysis KW - Plates (Engineering) KW - Russia (Federation) KW - Service life KW - Technology KW - Vehicle components KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/79521 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00182862 JO - Trudy TsNII PB - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst AU - Linchenko, V P AU - Khil'chenko, V P AU - Podshivalov, Yu S AU - Kulaev, Yu F AU - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst TI - THE METHOD FOR CALCULATING THE OPTIMAL PARAMETERS OF CAR REPAIR MACHINES FOR PREPARING CARS FOR LOADING T2 - METODIKA RASCHETA OPTIMAL'NYKH PARAMETROV VAGONOREMONTNYKH MASHIN DLYA PODGOTOVKI VAGONOV K POGRUZKE PY - 1972 SP - p. 132-153 AB - The results are given of an analysis of the extent of repair operations required when preparing cars for loading. A procedure is provided for optimizing the efficiency and utilization coefficients of the machinery. Basic requirements are formulated for machine specialization and procedure line arrangements. KW - Automobile repair shops KW - Freight car maintenance KW - Freight cars KW - Inspection KW - Maintenance practices KW - Productivity KW - Repair shops KW - Russia (Federation) KW - Technology KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/79528 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00182864 JO - Trudy TsNII PB - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst AU - Senderov, G K AU - Ivanova, N G AU - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst TI - THE ANALYSIS OF CERTAIN ASPECTS OF FORCES ACTING ON ELEMENTS OF GONDOLAS DURING OFF-LOADING ON CAR DUMPERS T2 - ANALIZ NEKOTORYKH OSOBENNOSTEY SILOVYKH VOZDEYSTVIY NA ELEMENTY POLUVAGONA PRI RAZGRUZKE NA VAGONOOPROKIDYVATELYAKH PY - 1972 SP - p. 164-174 AB - Set forth are calculations and data from full-scale observations, characterizing the reasons for damage to elements of gondolas when unloading at car dumpers. Recommendations are given on maintenance and inspection of car dumpers to ensure that gondolas remain intact. KW - Car dumpers KW - Damage analysis KW - Freight car inspection KW - Freight car maintenance KW - Freight cars KW - Gondola cars KW - Inspection KW - Loading and unloading KW - Loss and damage KW - Russia (Federation) KW - Technology KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/79530 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130207 AU - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst TI - ELECTRIFIED ROLLING STOCK WITH SEMICONDUCTOR RECTIFIERS T2 - ELEKTROPODVIZHNOI SOSTAV S POLUPROVODNIKOVYMI PREOBRAZOVATELIOMI PY - 1972 SP - 176 p. AB - This publication presents the following reports: (1) The results of tests of the VL80 electric locomotive under operating conditions; (2) The adhesion coefficient of electric freight locomotives; (3) The operational effectiveness of electric locomotives with alternating current and dynamic braking on thyristor transformers; (4) Energy indices of AC electric locomotives with regenerative braking; (5) Partial artifical commutation during regenerative braking of AC rolling stock; (6) Methods for increasing the effectiveness of regenerative braking on AC rolling stock; (7) Investigations into impulsive regulation of current on experimental ER2I-CNII AC electric section; (8) Semiconductor high-voltage transformer with 30 kvt power for passenger car with air conditioning; (9) Theoretical analysis of input filter of the DC EPS transformer with current regulation; (10) Starting the compressor motors of AC electric locomotives at reduced temperature (11) Regenerative braking on electric locomotives with rectifiers; (12) Results of tests on electric locomotive with rectifiers; (13) Influence of temperature on parameters of voltampere characteristics parallel to silicon rectifiers; (14) The calculation of electromagnetic processes in auxiliary machine systems according to experimental prameters of non-symmetrical phase splitting; (15) The results of operational tests of the experimental model VL60kv electric locomotive. KW - Adhesion KW - Braking performance KW - Electric locomotives KW - Electric power conditioning KW - Low temperature KW - Nuclear reactions KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Railroad electrification KW - Rectifiers KW - Regenerative braking KW - Smoothing reactors KW - Solid state KW - Solid state devices KW - Tests KW - Thyristors KW - Transformers KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31851 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00130280 JO - Zheleznodorozhnyi Transport PB - USSR Ministry of Railways AU - Krivonos, P F TI - ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS AND CONTROL OF THE TRANSPORT PROCESS T2 - EVM I UPRAVLENIE PEREVOZOCHNYM PROTSESSOM PY - 1972 IS - 5 SP - p. 10-16 AB - Under present conditions of scientific and technical progress, control over the production process becomes more and more complex and requires the direct treatment of a large volume of information, intensification of the role of economic controls, and the application of economic mathematical methods. Further improvement of the level of control is possible with the use of computers. The first step of ASUZHT is the information planning system (IPS), which includes, along with the means of calculation technology, the technology of collection and transfer of information, technical devices for transfer of data, and mathematical provisions for the solution of problems. Planning of train make up is realized on the road with the help of computers. The following problems are solved: elaboration of plans for the arrival of trains into the stations at four hour intervals, plans for classification, definition of proper time for forming the blocks. A whole series of analytical and engineering tasks are solved with the aid of calculation technology, thereby greatly reducing time expenditures. The application of the means of calculation technology will have a large economic and social effect, freeing large numbers of workers from unproductive manual treatment of information, and allowing them to more deeply and thoughtfully realize control over the transport process. KW - Data collection KW - Data communications KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Management information systems KW - Operating strategies KW - Productivity KW - Scheduling KW - Train makeup KW - Yard and terminal information systems KW - Yard operations KW - Yard throughput UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36713 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130306 AU - USSR Ministry of Railways AU - All-Union Scientific Res Inst of Railroad Hygiene TI - HYGIENE, PHYSIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY IN RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION T2 - GIGIENA, FIZIOLOGIIA I EPIDEMIOLOGIIA NA ZHELEZNODOROZHNOM TRANSPORTE PY - 1972 SP - 49 p. AB - This compendium contains the following reports: (1) The Sixth International Congress on the prevention of accidents and occupational illness; (2) Some questions of hygiene characteristics of contemporary locomotives; (3) Research on functions of learning with a view to professional selection of mechanics; (4) The state of hearing functions in railroad transport railcar inspectors; (5) Hygienic evaluation of work conditions of workers in the ice enterprises of the Ministry of Railroads; (6) Research into the capability of locomotive engineers to evaluate distances; (7) Hygienic characteristics of the climate of several points in the Northern railroads; (8) Several indicators of production trauma on the Dnieper railroad; (9) Rheographic research on dispatcher service workers under productional conditions; (10) The dynamics of arterial pressure in workers in cold plants; (11) The effects of insecticides; (12) Objective methods of research on the projective functions of special clothing; (13) The retention of fluorine, iodine, copper, and zinc in water sources of the centralized water supply in the Celinograd section of the Kazakh railroad. The report also contains a supplement on exchange of experience: this deals with an accelerated method for analysis calculation with the aid of tables; modification of the chromatic method of definition of lead in the air; sanitary hygienic characteristics of microclimate of basic sections of the Gordy railroad station; and finally, typical railroad construction projects. KW - Cold weather KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental quality KW - Human factors KW - Locomotive engineers KW - Occupational health KW - Occupational safety KW - Protective clothing KW - Psychological aspects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31980 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130307 AU - USSR Ministry of Railways AU - All-Union Scientific Res Inst of Railroad Hygiene TI - HYGIENE, PHYSIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY IN RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION T2 - GIGIENA, FIZIOLOGIIA I EPIDEMIOLOGIIA NA ZHELEZNODOROZHNOM TRANSPORTE PY - 1972 SP - 47 p. AB - The summary contains the following reports: (1) Results and basic directions in the development of occupational pathology in railroad transport; (2) Comparative evaluation of the state of health of locomotive crew members; (3) Clinical symptomatology of locomotive crew workers with increasing arterial pressure; (4) Arterial blood pressure in locomotive engineers; (5) Condition of hearing in electric and diesel locomotive crew members according to tonal audiometrical data; (6) The question of vibrational illness in railroad transport; (7) The problem of the effect of production factors on the health condition of track machine mechanics; (8) Some data from gynecological examinations of female guards on passenger cars; (9) The state of health of ticket cashiers; (10) Some clinical changes in workers who work with crosstie-impregnating oils; (11) Occupational sick rate and measures for lowering it on the West Siberian railroad; (12) Occupational skeletal pathology in female insulators and electrical winders of electrotechnical enterprises of the Ministry of Railroads; (13) Methodological problems in radio isotope cardiography. Normal indices of central hemodynamics in reproductive and growth aspects. KW - Human factors KW - Hypertension KW - Locomotive engineers KW - Occupational health KW - Occupational safety KW - Physiological aspects KW - Physiological factors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31982 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00130289 JO - Elektrotekhnika AU - Shakhnovich, M I AU - Kogan, L M AU - Kaliakina, A N AU - Shuvaeva, G P TI - CERTAIN PROPERTIES OF AN ELECTRICALLY INSULATED COMPOSITION OF SYNTHETIC LIQUIDS T2 - NEKOTORYE SVOISTVA ELEKTROIZOLIATSIONNOI KOMPOZITSII SINTETICHESKIKH ZHIDKOSTEI PY - 1972 IS - 1 SP - p. 61-62 AB - Described in this article is a new type of liquid dielectric based on hexachlorbutadene and chlorinated biphenyl, and possessing a low solidification temperature, good dielectrical properties, and high chemical stability. The indicated properties determine the possibility of utilizing new liquids in the capacity of dielectric for power transformers. The article concludes that (1) a composition consisting of 70-80% hexachlorbutadene and 20-30% chlorinated biphenyl is a new type of incombustible synthetic liquid for transformers and, unlike similar types of presently utilized liquids, is a compound of low polarity, and (2) The composition is characterized by a low solidification temperature, good electrical properties, and high chemical stability. KW - Coolants KW - Dielectric properties KW - Fire causes KW - Fire prevention KW - Low temperature KW - Prevention KW - Transformers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36721 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130196 AU - Institute of Engineers for Railroad Transportation TI - RESEARCH INTO NEW DESIGNS OF RAILROAD TRACK T2 - ISSLEDOVANIIA NOVYKH KONSTRUKTSII ZHELEZNODOROZHNOGO PUTI PY - 1972 SP - 169 p. AB - This issue presents the following reports: (1) Geometrical imperfections of track with below-the-track foundations of reinforced concrete, and their influence upon the tractive condition of the rails;(2) Models of resiliency of various below-the-track foundations and their formation; (3) Stress-deformed condition of rails in track with reinforced concrete below-the-track foundations under train load. The influence of this structure upon the rolling stock; (4) Stresses from longitudinal forces in rail strings in the absence of a train load; (5) The securement of bolts in ties; (6) Toward the calculation of the necessary resiliency characterictic of spring elements of attachments in rail fastenings. KW - Alignment KW - Concrete slab track KW - Mathematical models KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail fasteners KW - Rail stress KW - Railroad tracks KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Stresses KW - Structural design KW - Track alignment KW - Track geometry KW - Track response investigations KW - Track structures KW - Train track dynamics KW - Welded rail UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31833 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130047 AU - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst TI - ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING IN THE AUTOMATION AND REMOTE CONTROL OF ELECTRIC TRACTION SYSTEMS T2 - ELEKTRONNAIA TEKHNIKA V AVTOMETIKE I TELEMEKHANIKE ELEKTRATIAGOVYKH USTROISTV PY - 1972 SP - 168 p. AB - Electric apparatus has in the past several years seen wide use in automatic, remote control, and protection systems on USSR electrified railroads. These articles encompass problems of finding and researching protective methods against short circuit currents, elements and mechanisms of automation, as well as special apparatus for their control One group of articles illuminates problems in the telemechanization of electric traction arrangements; the definition of boundaries of energy dispatching circles, remote measuring of trains, insurance of stability of transmission of telemechanized information along the non-shielded cable and high voltage electric transmission lines. The specific topics include electronic systems of automation and protection of signaling, centralizing, and blocking arrangements; investigatory work into differential protection from damage on the protection line; research into electronic differential protection during external short circuits; output thyristor elements for electronic devices of automation arrangements and relaying of the traction substations; devices of automation arrangement and relaying of the traction substations; devices for verification of automatic, remote control, and protection arrangements; stabilization of temperature conditions of electronic mechanisms of automated and remote control systems; definition of optimal dimensions of energy dispatching section on electrified railroads; device for searching of short circuit points of AC traction network and high voltage transmission lines of the automatic blocking system; choice of minimal frequency of the transformer fed by rectified current; line amplifiers for remote control and automatic blocking communication channels; remote measurement of and current in energy supply system; dynamic characteristics of numbered frequency meters; requlation on busbars of traction substations according to average losses in the tractive circuit; electric locomotive remote control system located in middle of stock; system of suppression of impulse interferences in collecting circuit during transmission of information along the catenary network; electronic arrangement for deformation of effectiveness of action of the train brakes; KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic control systems KW - Cables KW - Data communications KW - Electric power supply KW - Electric power transmission KW - Electric substations KW - Electronic control KW - Electronic control systems KW - Inductive interference KW - Railroad electrification KW - Short circuits KW - Telecommunications KW - Transmission lines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31797 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130218 AU - Pushkin, V N AU - Nersesian, L S AU - Transport Publishing House TI - RAILROAD PSYCHOLOGY T2 - ZHELEZNODOROZHNAIA PSIKHOLOGIIA PY - 1972 SP - 240 p. AB - This book presents the fundamental problems of contemporary technical psychology from the point of view of the scientific organization of labor in railroad transport. At the beginning of the twentieth century psychology began to be applied to various fields of technical science, among them the railroad. Railroad psychology is a distinctive field whose object is the study and rationalization of dynamic informational models occuring in the brain of representatives of the fundamental professions in railroad transport and ensuring the fulfillment of labor activities. The development of production capabilities, the inculcation of automatic and remote control means had led to a situation where scientific organization of labor necessitates utilization of regularities research and discovered by psychological science: this has increased due to the higher relative weight of psychological and mental activity in the human being. In this regard the railroad transport professions - locomotive driver, station master, dispatcher-- present the highest requirements for psychological characteristics. The reaction speed, the capability of maintaining alertness to extroadinary events over an extended period of time, and the ability to quickly and accurately determine various unexpectedly arising complex tasks. The main goal of this publication is to reveal the very process of psychological research but the detailed exposition of the methods of experimental psychological research allow the book to be utilized in the capacity of a textbook for the organization of labor according to psychological rationalization of the labor activity of the human being. It covers the principles of planning and evaluation of the organs of management, the means of display. the construction of complex controller stands, professional selection, and controls for alertness. A special section deals with contemporary problems in the automation of psychological activity during the realization of control processes, as well as new methods of cybernetic modeling based on psychological research. The book is intended for a wide range of workers and specialists including cybernetic engineers, engineers, psychologicts, physiologists, and doctors of hygiene. The chapters include the subject and methods of railroad transportation, psychology of the engineer and the work of the locomotive driver, thought processes of train dispatchers, the formation of model systems of the brain, the functional stability of such systems professional psychological selection; finally problems of cybernetics in transport. KW - Alertness KW - Control KW - Control devices KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Dispatchers KW - Emergency procedures KW - Human factors KW - Locomotive controls KW - Locomotive engineer's tasks KW - Locomotive engineers KW - Locomotive operation KW - Locomotives KW - Management KW - Management methods KW - Personnel management KW - Psychological aspects KW - Safety KW - Textbooks KW - Working conditions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31876 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00130299 JO - Vestnik Ts.N.I.I PB - USSR Ministry of Railways AU - Mikheev, V P AU - Zharkov, V T AU - Belyayev, I A AU - USSR Ministry of Railways TI - DETERMINATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF PANTOGRAPHS WITH SELF- REGULATING DEVICES, GUARANTEEING THEIR STABLE OPERATION IN TRANSITIONAL REGIMES T2 - OPREDELENIE PARAMETROV TOKOPRIEMNIKOV S AVTOREGULIRUIUSHCHIMI USTROISTVAMI, OBESPECHIVAIUSHENHIKH IKH USTOICHIVUIU RABOTU V PEREKHODNYKH REZHIMAKH PY - 1972 SP - p. 11-15 AB - Ensuring current collection on electrified railroads is usually tied to the optimization of parameters for current collectors and catenary suspensions in order to stabilize the catenary depression. Presently there is a substantial increase in train traffic speeds and the power of electric rolling stock. Catenary suspensions with definite parameters can be created for the imminent electrification of railroads to operate in new conditions. Modernization of the catenary network of existing electrified railroads aiming to ensure this can provoke serious difficulties. The most economical way of solving this problem for new conditions on lines which were electrified 10-20 years ago is to apply improved current collectors not requiring capital reconstruction of the existing catenary network. Such are current collectors with self-regulating mechanisms or follow-up systems with reverse communication, differentiated by regulated or regulating parameters and the installation of self-regulating mechanisms in various assemblies. When designing these it is also necessary to choose and verify values of a series of supplementary constructional parameters of the interacting system: "current collector-suspension", so that conditions giving rise to auto-oscillations will not be created. This article addresses the task of examining these phenomena by the example of type TS-1M current collector with rolling foundation, and proposes criteria for evaluating self-regulating devices to be used on planning and testing units and line tests. It is necessary to work out the structural schema of the system, compose calculation equalities, and carry out their analysis for concrete data characteristics. The article concludes that for the system: "current collector with self regulation--catenary suspension system" a verification for stability in transitory conditions is obligatory. The criteria defining the system's stability are overcontrol, time regulation, and the oscillation indicator. The methods stated above allow calculation of the current collector parameters which ensure its stable operation in the transitory operating modes. KW - Catenaries (Railroads) KW - Contact wire KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Electric power collection KW - Electric power generation and transmission KW - Mathematical models KW - Pantographs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36724 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130191 AU - Transport Publishing House TI - RAILROAD ENGINEER REFERENCE BOOK. VOLUME 2 T2 - SPRAVOCHNIK INZHENERA-PUTEITSA. TOM 2 PY - 1972 SP - 520 p. AB - This is the second volume of a two-volume reference book for railway engineers. It presents important reference data and materials on the organization, technology, and mechanization of track work, fighting against snow, water, and sand, and the economics of planning railroad track management; it is intended for railway engineers, builders, and planners of the major railroads and of industrial transport. Chapters include (11) Track management system: (12) Current track repair: organization and planning, mechanization, control over condition of track, subgrade, upper structure, labor and material expediture; (13) Protection of the track from snow- and sand-drifts: snow cleaners, snow-removal and snow-melting machines; (14) Track machines, mechanisms, tools: classification, hydraulic machines, measuring and control equipment; (15) Track repair work: subgrade capital repairs, technical standards, network planning and management; (16) Insurance of train traffic safety during track work: protection of work production places on the stages, on the stations; (17) Safety technology on track work: general requirements, on electrified sections, on high-speed sections, loading-and-unloading work; (18) Repair of elements of the upper track structure: welding rails, electric arc welding, burnishing, smelting, wooden tires, concrete steel ties; (19) Economics, planning, financing, and calculation: individual values of track materials, book-keeping, definition of capital investment effectiveness, fundamental economic indices; and, finally, (20) Labor and salary: numbers of workers, labor law codes, work production, work remuneration and typical staff, and special clothing and protective devices. KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Economic analysis KW - Floods KW - Handbooks KW - Maintenance of way KW - Measurement KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail welding KW - Railroad tracks KW - Return on investment KW - Safety KW - Sand fences KW - Snow removal KW - Snowplows KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Track components KW - Track geometry measurement KW - Track maintenance equipment KW - Welding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31823 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130054 AU - Transport Publishing House TI - 25 HERTZ PHASE-SENSITIVE TRACK CIRCUITS T2 - FAZOCHUVSTVITEL'NYE REL'SOVYE TSEPI 25 GTS PY - 1972 SP - 95 p. AB - This book describes 25 Hz. phase-sensitive track circuits; they have been employed more and more within the past several years in connection with the electrification of railroads on alternating current. Problems in the development of schemata, definition of parameters, and choice of feeding of these rail circuits are scrutinized. The book is intended for technical engineering workers of railroad transport who are connected with the construction, planning, and operation of rail circuits; it may also be utilized by students of the higher educational institutions for the fulfillment of course and diploma work. The book's chapters are: (1) Interferences created by alternating current electrical traction in track circuits; (2) Track circuits during alternating current electrical traction and their protection from interferences; (3) Parametrical frequency divisors in 25 Hz. track current feeding systems; (4) 25 Hz. phase-sensitive rail circuit two phase feeding system; (5) 25 Hz. track circuits with phase-sensitive road relay for stations with alternating current electrical traction and junction stations. KW - Circuit design KW - Electric circuits KW - Impedance bonds KW - Interference KW - Railroad electrification KW - Signaling KW - Track circuits UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31809 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130238 AU - USSR Ministry of Railways TI - HANDBOOK FOR SIGNALLING ON SOVIET RAILROADS T2 - INSTRUKTSIIA PO SIGNALIZATSII NA ZHELEZNYKH DOROGAKH SOIUZA SSR PY - 1972 SP - 183 p. AB - This signaling handbook contains information on the following topics: (1) Signals: visual and auditory; (2) Permanent signals: traffic lights, invitational lights, exit and entry lights, itinerary lights, passage lights, precautionary and repetitive lights, locomotive lights, semaphores with petards, enclosure of non-accurate semaphore and traffic lights, permanent discs for lowering speed, designation of non-functioning signals; (3) Transportable signals, guarding of places of obstruction for train traffic and places of work production on the railroad runs, enclosure of difficult places for train traffic and work production spots at the stations, limitation of rolling stock on the station tracks; (5) Signal indicators and signs; (6) Itinerary indicators, arrow indicators, indicators of track obstruction, of hydraulic columns, "Lower current collector" indicators, permanent signal signs, temporary signal signs; (6) Signals employed during switching operation, switching traffic lights, hand and audio signals for switching; (7) Train signals during train traffic, snow-cleaner traffic, signals on locomotives during switching transfers, signals during traffic of detachable railway motor cars, repair garrets, track trolleys, and other such rolling units; (8) Auditory signals; finally; (9) Alarm signals and special indicators. KW - Acoustic equipment KW - Acoustic warning systems KW - Audible warning devices KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Emergency procedures KW - Handbooks KW - Light signals KW - Navigation lights KW - Operating rules KW - Safety KW - Signal devices KW - Signaling KW - Speed limits KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31888 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130195 AU - Institute of Engineers for Railroad Transportation TI - ORGANIZATIONAL PROBLEMS OF TRACK MAINTENANCE T2 - VOPROSY ORGANIZATSII PUTEVOGO KHOZIAISTVA PY - 1972 SP - 151 p. AB - This issue presents the following reports: (1) The influence of the length and type of repair upon labor expenditures for current maintenance of track, depending upon the volume of train traffic; (2) On establishing maintenance practices for extending the service of rail fastenings on jointed track; (3) On problems of utilizing traffic "windows" for current maintenance of track; (4) On specifying the transfer of shoulder base stresses to the shoulder stresses in the rail head; (5) On determining ballast density by radiotechnical methods; (6) The influence of unequal resilience in the subgrade and foundation on stress deformation of the track structure beneath the rail under static loads; (4) Research into oscillation of embankments on marshlands; (8) Protection of controllers from humidity during full-scale tensimeterization of rails. KW - Compaction KW - Jointed track KW - Maintenance of way KW - Measuring instruments KW - Productivity KW - Radiography KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail fasteners KW - Rail stress KW - Railroad tracks KW - Soil compaction KW - Stresses KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Track stress KW - Track structures KW - Traffic density UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31831 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130048 AU - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst TI - NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FIELD OF PROTECTION OF COMMUNICATION, SIGNALING, CENTRALIZING AND BLOCKING DEVICE ARRANGEMENTS ON ELECTRIFIED ROADS T2 - NOVOE V OBLASTI ZASCHITY USTROISTV SVIAZI I SIGNALIZATSIIA, TSENTRALIZATSIIA, I BLOKIROVKA NA ELEKTRIFITSIZOVANNYKH DOROGAKH PY - 1972 SP - 88 p. AB - This pamphlet covers new developments in the field of protection of communication, signaling, centralizing, and blocking devices on electrified railroads. There are six project descriptions. (1) Methods of calculating interference currents in conductance circuits on alternating current electric traction road sections, covering the basic conditions and formulas for determining the current. (2) Telephone cable circuit sensitivity factor, covering the results of research into sensitivity to external electromagnetic influences. On the basis of analysis of the influencing factors, recommendations are made for normalization, and measurement methods are given for parameters of external influence; also covered are problems of asymmetrical influence of intermediary point apparatus on the telephone cable sensitivity factor. (3) Requirements for protective action and opposition to grounding of main communication cable casing and armor on alternating current factors. (4) Protective action of suction transformers against the interfering influence of the tractive network upon the communication circuit, including a calculation method and experimental results. (5) New rules of conductance communication mechanism protection from direct current electrified road tractive circuit influence, including a new calculation method for influences upon aerial communication cables and corrected norms for audio frequency conductance cable interference tensions. (6) Research into the effectiveness of protection schemata against instrument overloading of 50 Hz. alternating current code track circuits with throttle transformers, including experimental research results carried out on type RVN-250 low voltage valve dischargers and selenium voltage arresting devices. KW - Arrestors KW - Autotransformers KW - Cables KW - Communications KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Electrical impedance KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Ground currents KW - Inductive interference KW - Mechanical impedance KW - Protection KW - Protective devices KW - Railroad electrification KW - Safety equipment KW - Signal systems KW - Telecommunications KW - Track circuits KW - Traffic signal control systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31799 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130028 AU - Panfil, L S AU - Bondarev, N A AU - Belyayev, I A AU - Transport Publishing House TI - OPERATION AND REPAIR OF THE CATENARY NETWORK OF ELECTRIC RAILROADS T2 - EKSPLUATATSIIA I REMONT KONTAKTNOI SETI ELEKTRICHESKIKH ZHELEZNYKH DOROG PY - 1972 SP - 240 p. AB - This book analyzes operational and maintenance organization of direct and alternating current electrical railroad catenary networks. Included are present servicing and repair methods, leading labor practices, suggestions for complex technological operations, and generalized experience as to optimal interval spacing. Chapters cover servicing organization (e.g. equipment and staff, labor expenditure and planning, technical documentation and responsibility, energy dispatcher role in work crew organization); environmental influence on catenary network organization; interaction of catenary network with the current collectors; present makeup of catenary network; catenary conductor wear and tear (e.g. influencing factors, determining technology, analytical methodology, measures for increasing service life); protection of bearings and foundations from corrosion (e.g. reasons, reduction measures); protection of catenary network from short circuit currents, overloads, and burnouts; forms of damage and methods for restoration of catenary network (e.g. analysis and classification of damage, operational characteristics under difficult meteorological conditions). The book is intended for electricians and technical engineering workers concerned with electrical traction energy supply assembly operation. It can also be utilized as a learning textbook by students of the technical schools and institutes who are studying the construction and operation of catenary networks. KW - Catenaries (Railroads) KW - Contact wire KW - Corrosion protection KW - Electric power supply KW - Electric power transmission KW - Electric substations KW - Ground currents KW - Lightning KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Pantographs KW - Planning KW - Railroad electrification KW - Short circuits KW - Textbooks KW - Vehicle design KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31760 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130041 AU - Ts.N.I.I.T.E.I. AU - USSR Ministry of Railways TI - NEW DEVICES FOR AUTOMATION AND TELEMECHANICS (FROM THE BOOKLET ELECTRIFICATION AND ENERGY SYSTEMS. VOL. 6, 72) T2 - NOVYE USTROISTVA AVTOMATIKI I TELEMEKHANIKI (ELEKTRIFIKATSIIA I ENERGETICHESKOE KHOZIAISTVO, 6(72) PY - 1972 SP - 41 p. AB - This issue presents (1) a description of the central dispatching point which realizes the centralized control for direct and alternating current conditions of electrified lines, remote control of reserve feeding arrangements, and the realization of direct telephone communication of electrification and energy economy service apparatus road control by means of the energy feeding section dispatchers. New to the central dispatching point is the signaling of the presence of tension in the catenary network feeder cables, the relay junctions of remote control signals, and also the utilization of electroluminescent panels. (2) A description of the new remote control system "Lisna" in which silicon assemblies are maximally utilized; these have high operational reliability. For the remote control by means of energy feeding objectives in this system mosaic-type switchboards are applied. (3) The description of new assemblies for the checkup of toroidal magnetic transformers with rectangular hysteresis loops, silent discharge thyratrons, semiconductor transistors and diodes, and type MO-70P oscillograph. (4) A description of electric protection, the first phase of which is predestined for the feeder cables feeding the station and depot roads, and the second for the feeder cables feeding the section between stations. High-speed action of the electronic protection system is attained by employing discharge and measurement instruments characterized by lower acting time, exclusion from the protective system of intermediate relays, employment of no-contact, disconnecting, high voltage contact breakers and automatic blocking system between adjacent circuit breakers of the substations and sectioning posts. (5) A description of the rapid-acting protection system with output thyristor unit supplemented by current relay with magnetically controlled hermetically sealed contact. The high-speed action of protection and reliability and simplicity of construction allow its utilization not only for the protection of station and depot feeder cables of the catenary network, but also for the protection of all catenary network feeder cables, DPR lines, basic transformers, compensating arrangements, and all other connections. KW - Circuit breakers KW - Electric power supply KW - Electric power transmission KW - Electric substations KW - Electronic controllers KW - Protection KW - Protective devices KW - Railroad electrification KW - Remote control KW - Safety equipment KW - Solid state controls KW - Solid state devices KW - Thyristors KW - Transformers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31787 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144466 AU - Amelin, S V AU - Danovksii, L M AU - Transport Publishing House TI - TRACK AND TRACK MAINTENANCE T2 - PUT'I PUTEVOE KHOZIASTVO PY - 1972 SP - 209 p. AB - The book presents the bases of railroad track arrangement and performance of track maintenance. Described are the designs of track superstructure and substructure, connections and intersections of tracks; set forth are the calculation and design of the rail gauge, the calculations of the basic designs of railroad track; it publishes information on the organization and mechanization of the maintenance and repair of track. Approved by the main administration educational institutions of the Ministry of Railroads in the capacity of a textbook for students of higher educational institutions of railroad transportation and can be used as a manual for track technical engineer workers. KW - Ballast KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Concrete slab track KW - Curved track KW - Drainage KW - Gage (Rails) KW - Maintenance of way KW - Manuals KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail fasteners KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Speed limits KW - Structural design KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Switches KW - Textbooks KW - Track design KW - Track gauge KW - Welded rail UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62771 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144474 AU - USSR Council of Ministers TI - OPEN-HEARTH STEEL RAILS OF R75 AND R65 TYPES FOR WIDE-GAUGE RAILWAYS. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS. GOST 8160-63 T2 - REL'SY ZHELEZNODOROZHNYE SHIROKOI KOLEI TIPOV P75 I P65 IZ MARTENOVSKOI STALI, TEKHNICHESKIE TREBOVANIIA GOST 8160-63 PY - 1972 SP - 11 p. AB - The Standard deals with R75 and R65 wide-gauge rails, made from open-hearth, fully-killed steel. Rails of the R65 type with stepped-up strength, from alloy carbon steel and hardening on the whole length, are produced according to special technical conditions. The chemical composition of steel is indicated in the Table. Technical specifications describe mechanical, physical and chemical requirements of both types of rails. In the first sort are included rails conforming to the requirements of this standard. To to second sort belong rails which have several divergencies: in chemical composition, in temporary resistance during stretching, in bending deflection, and in dimensions exceeding admissible deflections, indicated in corresponding GOSTs; finally, according to fine cracks, not exceeding a depth of 3 mm, and 1 mm in the middle third of the rail flange. Testing and marking procedures are described. KW - Alloy steel KW - Fatigue strength KW - Heat treatment KW - Metal hardening KW - Metal heating KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail design KW - Rail hardening KW - Rail steel KW - Rail steel metallurgy KW - Specifications KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62779 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144475 AU - USSR Council of Ministers TI - RAILROAD RAILS OF THE R50 AND R65 TYPES FOR WIDE-GAUGE RAILWAYS, THERMALLY TREATED BY WAY OF VOLUMETRIC OIL HARDENING. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS, GOST 18267-72. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION T2 - REL'SY ZHELEZNODOROZHNYE TIPOV P50 I P65 SHIROKOI KOLEI, TERMOOBRRABOTANNYE PUTEM OB"EMHOI ZAKALKI V MASLE. TEKHNICHESKIE TREBOVANIIA GOST 18267-72. IZDANIE OFITSIAL'NOE PY - 1972 SP - 8 p. AB - The Standard deals with R50 and R65 types of wide-gauge rails, produced from open-hearth, high-carbon steel. Thermally-treated rails have to conform to requirements of GOST-s 6944-63; 7174-65; 8160-63; and 9160-63, and also to chemical composition indicated in the Table of this Standard. Mechanical specifications of steel are presented in a Table, and concern hardness, provisional resistance, yield-point, relative extension and contraction, and impact strength. Hardness on the rolling surface of the rail head should be NV331 to 388, hardness of the web and flange of the rail - not over NV388. Hardened rails have to undergo acceptance inspection and tests. Chemical composition is tested according to GOST 2331-63. Sampling for chemical tests is made according to GOST 7565-66. Hardness on the rolling head surface and on the rail cross-section is determined according to GOST 9012-59. KW - Alloy steel KW - Fatigue strength KW - Heat treatment KW - Metal hardening KW - Metal heating KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail design KW - Rail hardening KW - Rail steel KW - Rail steel metallurgy KW - Specifications KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62780 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144471 AU - USSR Ministry of Railways TI - SANDY AND GRAVEL-SANDY BALLAST FOR RAILROAD TRACK-GOST 32-2-72. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION T2 - PESCHANYI I GRAVIINO-PESCHANYI BALLAST DLIA ZHELEZNODOROZHNOGO PUTI GOST 32-2-72. IZDANIE OFITSIAL'NOE PY - 1972 SP - 10 p. AB - The Standard deals with coarse natural sand, formed as result of natural disintegration of rock, and with sandy- gravel mixture, both being packed on railroad tracks as ballast. This type of ballast is used in accordance with actual standards and rules (SN and P), and the "Conclusions on conducting Planned-and-preventive maintenance of the upper structure, earthen roadbed, and artificial structures of railroad tracks of USSR." Table 1 presents the grain dimensions and their percentage contents suitable for using as ballast. The amount of gravel grains and pebble of soft rock cannot exceed 15% of the total mass. The percentage contents in the ballast of grains of various sizes: over 100 mm; from 100 to 60 mm; from 60 to 3 mm; from 3 to 1 mm; from 1 to 0.5 mm; from 0.5 to 0.1 mm, and less than 0.1 mm - are calculated from different formulae. The contents of clayey particles in sand should not exceed 2%, and is usually calculated by the areometric method. The coefficient of permeability of the ballast is found using the instrument KF-00, which is produced by the plant "Nefteavtomatika". Rules of acceptance and testing methods, as well as transportation and storage procedures are described. KW - Aggregates KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Ballast specifications KW - Gravel KW - Specifications KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62776 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130190 AU - Transport Publishing House TI - RAILROAD ENGINEER REFERENCE BOOK. VOLUME 1 T2 - SPRAVOCHNIK INZHENERA-PUTEITSA. TOM 1 PY - 1972 SP - 768 p. AB - This is the first volume of a two-volume reference set. It presents, on the basis of national and foreign experience, the most important reference data and materials on the construction, standards of organization and content of the railroad track, and the interaction of the track and rolling stock, as well as brief information on the rolling stock. The book is intended for railway engineers, builders, and designers of main railroads and industrial transport. Soviet railroads make up 10% of the earth's track but turn over 50% of its goods, determining their exceptionally high operational intensity, and the necessity of radical reconstruction, realized on the basis of electrification, the inculcation of new, progressive types of tension, more effective technical equipping of all branches of transport, the creation and application of leading organization technology, and the mechanization of labor for maintenance and repair. Chapters include (1) railroad transport management, (2) dimensions and conditions for transport of over-dimensioned cargoes, (3) subgrade, (4) artificial structures, (5) upper track structure, (6) overall track organization, (7) technical conditions and standards of organization and design of the upper track structure, (8) junctions and crossings of rail tracks, (9) interaction of track and rolling stock and track calculations, (10) rolling stock. KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Handbooks KW - High and wide loads KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Oversize loads KW - Planning KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rolling stock KW - Structural design KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Switches KW - Track components KW - Track design KW - Track laying KW - Train track dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31821 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130055 AU - Kuptsov, Iu E AU - Transport Publishing House TI - LIFE INCREASE OF CONTACT WIRE T2 - UVELICHENIE SROKA SLUZHBY KONTAKTNOGO PROVODA PY - 1972 SP - 160 p. AB - This volume presents information about gliding contact processes, as well as materials for contact conductors and plates (i.e. of inserts) of current pantographs. Study methods and analytical data of wear and tear of contact conductors under various operational conditions are mentioned; experimental utilization of new forms of contact conductors and replaceable inserts is described. Technical economic problems regarding contact conductor wear and tear are surveyed; research results into lowering wear and tear intensity of the contact conductor and choice of best current replaceable materials are summarized, as are basic directions of further work in this field. Catenary network specialists have been attemping to lengthen the service period of catenary conductance for years. Despite successes, the problem remains due to the steady growth of the electrified railroad networks, increases in motive parameters, weight, train speed, and locomotive power. The book is intended for technical engineering workers concerned with the contact network; it may also be useful to specialists in the field of electrical rolling stock, as well as to students of the higher educational institutions and technical schools in corresponding specialized fields. KW - Catenaries (Railroads) KW - Contact wire KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Electric power collection KW - Electric power generation and transmission KW - Locomotive design KW - Locomotives KW - Metallurgy KW - Pantographs KW - Textbooks KW - Vehicle design KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31811 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130208 AU - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst TI - STRESSES AND ELASTIC DEFORMATIONS IN THE ROADBED UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF TRAINS T2 - NAPRIAZHENIIA I UPRUGIE DEFORMATSII V ZEMLIANOM POLOTNE POD VOZDEISTVIEM POEZDOV PY - 1972 SP - 128 p. AB - This publication gives the results of experimental research into the stresses in deformed subgrade under trains. Information is gathered from actual track segments and included in the data is the soil stress distribution and elasticity in the subgrade cross section and at designated deeper points--all under the passage of trains. Also shown is subgrade function as influenced by train speed, the modulus of elasticity of the subgrade, effect of random rail irregularities, character of the cross tie/ballast interface, type of rolling stock, and axle loads. The book is intended for the scientific and technical engineering professions in railroading. Also given is an analytical expression incorporating these factors. The chapters are: (1) Measuring devices and instrumentation for determining stresses and elastic deformation of subgrade; (2) Distribution of the stresses and elastic deformation in the cross section of the subgrade under passage of trains; (3) Change in the effect of train forces as influenced by depth of subgrade; (4) The influence of changing characteristics of track structure and rolling stock on the stress and deformation of the subgrade: (5) Research into peculiarities of the effects of axle loads upon the subgrade in the presence of isolated geometric irregularities of the rails. KW - Axle loadings KW - Axle loads KW - Defects KW - Earth pressure KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Mathematical models KW - Measurement KW - Pressure KW - Pressure measurements KW - Railroad tracks KW - Soil mechanics KW - Soil tests KW - Soils KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Track irregularities KW - Track response investigations KW - Train track dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31854 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130029 AU - Fraifel'd, A V AU - Porshnev, B G AU - Vlasov AU - Transport Publishing House TI - DESIGN OF THE CATENARY NETWORK OF ELECTRIFIED RAILROADS T2 - PROEKTIROVANIE KONTAKTNOI SETI ELEKTRIFITSIROVANNYKH ZHELEZNYKH DOROG PY - 1972 SP - 320 p. AB - This volume presents the planning organization of the catenary network, the choice of types and calculations for the catenary suspensions, and supporting and bearing constructions. Schemata for feeding, sectioning, and planning for the catenary on stations and stages are also presented. Examples of detailed information are: materials, meteorological conditions, optimal parameters of the catenary at high speed, trajectories for the current collector, and curve modification of the catenary depression. The section on elasticity includes the center span, supporting axles of compensated single-ply spring chain suspensions, and choice of height span. The book is intended for technical engineering workers concerned with the planning, construction, and operation of the catenary, and has been approved by the Main Administration Educational Institutions of the Ministry of Railroads. It is to be utilized as a learning textbook for students of higher learning institutions in the field of railroad transport in the specialization: "Railroad Transport Electrification". KW - Catenaries (Railroads) KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Electric power supply KW - Electric substations KW - High speed rail KW - Manuals KW - Meteorological conditions KW - Pantographs KW - Railroad electrification KW - Sectioning KW - Textbooks KW - Thermal effects KW - Thermal stresses KW - Vehicle design KW - Weather UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31762 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130039 AU - Gruber, L O AU - USSR Ministry of Transportation Construction TI - SURVEY INFORMATION. TECHNICAL PROGRESS IN RAILROAD ELECTRIFICATION T2 - OBZORNAIA INFORMATSIIA. TEKHNICHESKII PROGRESS V ELEKTRIFIKATSII ZHELEZNYKH DOROG PY - 1972 SP - 40 p. AB - The major direction of development during the 1971-75 five- year plan is the increase in passage and carrying capabilities of railroads. The freight movement will rise by 22%. In order to accommodate this, 8000 km. of second track will be built, 6-7000 km. electrified, and work will continue on equipping railroad lines with automatic blocking and centralized dispatching. 5-6000 km. of new lines will be constructed, and the weight and speed of motion of trains will also increase. As of January 1, 1971 there were over 35,000 km. of electrified railroads in the Soviet Union, as well as 78,500 km. of railroads serviced by diesel locomotives. This present issue provides information on the following topics: (1) Improvement of construction and maintenance technology of the catenary network; (2) Industrialization of construction and installation of the traction substations; (3) Development of automation and remote control; (4) Mechanization of labor for maintenance of main cable communication lines; (5) Mechanization of labor for maintenance of aerial and cable lines; and finally (6) Further improvement of energy supply arrangements. KW - Catenaries (Railroads) KW - Centralized traffic control KW - Electric power supply KW - Electric power transmission KW - Electric substations KW - Line capacity KW - Maintenance practices KW - Planning KW - Railroad electrification KW - Railroad facility operations KW - Remote distribution KW - Signal systems KW - Telecommunications KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Train operations KW - Train performance KW - Transmission lines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31783 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00056898 AU - Neuber, H D AU - Pennekamp, A AU - Rothermel, V H AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - HSB: STUDY OF A HIGH SPEED INTERCITY SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM FOR GERMANY. VOLUME I. SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND RESULTS PY - 1972 SP - 140 p. AB - Volume one of a six volume study of rapid intercity ground transportation planning in West Germany presents a general systems analysis survey involving transit models, operations management, structural designs, tariffs, and cost engineering. KW - Germany KW - High speed rail KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Technology KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/17020 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00056901 AU - Neuber, H D AU - Pennekamp, A AU - Rothermel, V H AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - HSB: STUDY OF A HIGH SPEED INTERCITY SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM FOR GERMANY. VOLUME IV. ATTACHMENTS 8-13 PY - 1972 SP - 170 p. AB - The fourth volume in a six volume series on West German high speed ground transportation planning for intercity service contains materials on station design, both motor vehicle and rail, track elements, structures such as bridges and tunnels, information systems, and maintenance methods and concepts. KW - Bridges KW - Germany KW - High speed rail KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Passenger service KW - Railroad stations KW - Technology KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/17023 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00056900 AU - Neuber, H D AU - Pennekamp, A AU - Rothermel, V H AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - HSB: STUDY OF HIGH SPEED INTERCITY SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM FOR GERMANY. VOLUME III. ATTACHMENT 7 PY - 1972 SP - 436 p. AB - Volume three of a six volume study of rapid transit planning for West German intercity rail systems deals with wheel rail interactions, passenger comfort, magnetic carrying and guidance or suspension systems, pneumatic supporting and guidance systems, dynamics of air cushion suspensions, gas turbines, diesel motors, power transmission, electrical energy supply and transmission, rotating electrical drives, brakes, and aerodynamic propulsion. KW - Advanced systems KW - Germany KW - High speed rail KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Passenger service KW - Technology KW - Train track dynamics KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/17022 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00056899 AU - Neuber, H D AU - Pennekamp, A AU - Rothermel, V H AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - HSB: STUDY OF A HIGH SPEED INTERCITY SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM FOR GERMANY. VOLUME II. ATTACHMENTS 1-6 PY - 1972 SP - 194 p. AB - Volume two of a six volume study of high speed interurban rail transportation in West Germany discusses operational modes, traveling behavior of trains, line capacities, schedule modeling, mathematical analysis of transport assignment problems, and computer aided management. KW - Germany KW - High speed rail KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Technology KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/17021 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226641 AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RAILROAD-HIGHWAY SAFETY PT 2: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RESOLVING THE PROBLEM, REPORT TO CONGRESS PY - 1972 SP - 118 p. AB - RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVING SAFETY AT BOTH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CROSSINGS OF RAILROADS, TOGETHER WITH EQUITABLE ALLOCATION OF COSTS, AND POSSIBLE FUNDING ALTERNATIVES FOR FINANCING AN EFFECTIVE PUBLIC GRADE CROSSING IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM ARE DISCUSSED. THE INVENTORY, ACCIDENT, AND OTHER DATA CONTAINED IN PART I, ARE MODIFIED TO REFLECT THE LATEST AND BEST INFORMATION AVAILABLE ON THE NUMBERS OF CROSSINGS, ACCIDENTS, COSTS, AND EXPENDITURES. THE PRIMARY GOAL WAS TO DETERMINE GRADE CROSSING IMPROVEMENT NEEDS NATIONWIDE AND, AS APPROPRIATE, IDENTIFY A FEASIBLE PROGRAM LEVEL WHICH WOULD LEAD TO A SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN ACCIDENTS, FATALITIES, PERSONAL INJURIES, AND PROPERTY DAMAGE, TOGETHER WITH REASONABLE IMPROVEMENT IN THE MOBILITY OF HIGHWAY TRAFFIC AND RAILROAD OPERATIONS. /HSL/ KW - Costs KW - Crashes KW - Highway safety KW - Inventory KW - Railroad grade crossings UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112983 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00221882 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAIL - HIGHWAY GRADE - CROSSING ACCIDENTS PY - 1971/12 SP - 27 p. AB - THIS 37TH ANNUAL STATISTICAL REPORT ON RAILROAD GRADE CROSSING ACCIDENTS CONTAINS A SERIES OF TABLES THAT BREAK THESE ACCIDENTS DOWN BY A VARIETY OF FACTORS, E.G., SEVERITY, TYPE OF CROSSING PROTECTION, AND VEHICLE TYPE. THE 1971 FIGURES SHOW A 4.7% DECREASE FROM 1970 IN THE NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS AND A 1.8% DECLINE IN THE NUMBER OF CASUALTIES. KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/111658 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941405 AU - Chin, G AU - Eaves, R AU - Frenkel, L AU - Kodis, R AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - COMMUNICATIONS FOR HIGH SPEED GROUND TRANSPORTATION PY - 1971/11/15 SP - 62 p. AB - This report is an account of investigations and analyses undertaken for the Office of High Speed Ground Transportation (OHSGT), beginning in July of 1970, which relate to communications systems for high speed ground vehicles. The authorized scope of the effort was at the rate of one man-year. The first task undertaken was a survey of work carried out by OHSGT contractors and others since 1968. Subsequently, specific aspects of the problem were explored in greater detail, and reports were prepared on the following: (a) Mechanical Properties of Long Rigid Lines (Section 2); (b) Electromagnetic Properties of Surface Wave Couplers (Section 3); (c) Electromagnetic Properties of Bends in Surface Wave Lines (Section 4); (d) Propagation Properties of a Trench Line (Section 5); and (e) Pulse Code Modulation for Long Line Communications (Section 6). KW - Communication systems KW - Electromagnetic properties KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Long rigid lines (Communications) KW - Mechanical properties KW - Propagation properties KW - Pulse code modulation KW - Surface wave couplers KW - Surface wave line bends KW - Trench lines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642653 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226183 AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RAILROAD-HIGHWAY SAFETY-PART 1: A COMPREHENSIVE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM PY - 1971/11 AB - WITH THE TREMENDOUS GROWTH IN MOTOR VEHICLE MILES, SERIOUS CONGESTION ON URBAN STREETS, AND INCREASING INTEREST IN HIGH-SPEED RAIL SERVICE AS AN ALTERNATIVE MODE IN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING, THE PROBLEM OF RAILROAD-HIGHWAY GRADE CROSSINGS HAS TAKEN ON NEW IMPORTANCE. THIS ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM (PART I) IS IN RESPONSE TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE RAILROAD SAFETY ACT OF 1970 AND THE HIGHWAY SAFETY ACT OF 1970. THE STATISTICAL MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM AND PAST AND PRESENT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS ARE PRESENTED IN DETAIL. THE PROBLEM IS CONSIDERED WITH RESPECT TO THE DRIVER, TYPE OF WARNING SYSTEM, AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY, AND THE PEDESTRIAN. THE QUESTIONS OF FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, DIVIDED JURISDICTION, HIGH COST OF IMPROVEMENTS, LEGAL LIABILITY, AND LIMITED SOURCES OF FUNDING ARE CONSIDERED. EFFECTIVE RESOLUTION OF THE GRADE CROSSING PROBLEM SHOULD CONSIDER BOTH INCREASED SAFETY AND MORE EFFICIENT USE OF THE HIGHWAY AND RAILROAD SYSTEMS. KW - At grade intersections KW - Financial responsibility KW - Grade crossing protection systems KW - Legal responsibility KW - Pedestrian protection KW - Pedestrian safety KW - Programs KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Safety KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115115 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00195690 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - ECONOMIC IMPACT OF FREIGHT CAR SHORTAGES. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1971/10 SP - 8 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Car shortage KW - Car shortages (Railroads) KW - Car supply (Railroads) KW - Economic analysis KW - Forecasting KW - Freight rates KW - Freight traffic KW - Grain KW - Grain trade KW - Lumber KW - Lumber industry KW - Physical distribution KW - Rates KW - Reliability KW - Shippers KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic forecasting KW - Traffic managers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/84483 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133031 AU - Interrante, C G AU - HICHO, G E AU - National Bureau of Standards AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - METALLURGICAL ANALYSIS OF A STEEL SHELL PLATE TAKEN FROM A TANK CAR ACCIDENT NEAR SOUTH BYRON, N.Y PY - 1971/10 SP - 57 p. AB - A metallurgical analysis of a steel plate sample (the South Byron sample) was requested by the Federal Railroad Administration. The steel sample was taken from a tank car (number PPGX9990) which had been involved in an accident near South Byron, New York. This sample was reported to have been produced to specification AAR-M-128-65-DTD-1966-Flange Quality-Grade B, and it was reportedly taken from the second course of shell plate of car number PPGX9990. The fracture in this course circumscribed the tank car and resulted in the division of the car into two sections. An investigation was conducted at the National Bureau of Standards to determine if the plate sample conformed with the above Association of American Railroads (AAR) Specifications for Tank Cars and to gather information pertinent to the question of the suitability of this type of steel for use as the shell plate of tank cars. KW - Alloy steel KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Explosions KW - Metallography KW - Metallurgy KW - Metals plates KW - New York (State) KW - Plates (Engineering) KW - Railroad materials KW - Safety KW - Specifications KW - Steel KW - Tank car construction materials KW - Tank cars UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41339 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00039303 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - THE KANSAS TEST TRACK PY - 1971/10 SP - 33 p. AB - The Federal Railroad Administration and the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Company are jointly sponsoring the construction of a test track as part of the railroad's heavy tonnage main line in Kansas. The objective of the project is a determination of the levels of increased train stability provided by 8 specimens of incrementally improved track support. A further objective is a definition of the cost-benefit relationship associated with each augmentation of stability. The various test segments are defined, associated instrumentation requirements are outlined, and progress to data described. (Author) KW - Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Company KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Construction KW - Kansas KW - Precast concrete KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Recording instruments KW - Soil stabilization KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Test facilities KW - Test tracks KW - U.S. Federal Railroad Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/7123 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00142597 JO - Elektrische Bahnen PB - Verlag R Oldenbourg AU - SCHAEFER, H AU - Verlag R Oldenbourg TI - BEHAVIOR OF ELECTRIC TRACTION USING PHASE ANGLE CONTROL IN RESPECT TO NEEDS FOR REACTIVE AND APPARENT POWER ON INTERURBAN SERVICE PY - 1971/08 SP - p. 170-175 AB - A very interesting set of data derived during field testing of two popular German types of electric locomotives: The 181, which uses phase control, and the 110 which controls speed by means of transformer taps. KW - Electric locomotives KW - Electric power conditioning KW - Phase angles KW - Tests KW - Thyristors KW - Traffic signal phases KW - Transformers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/65791 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00039249 AU - Everett, J E AU - PHILLIPS, E A AU - Association of American Railroads AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - HAZARDOUS MATERIAL TANK CARS - TANK HEAD PROTECTIVE 'SHIELD' OR 'BUMPER' DESIGN PY - 1971/08 SP - 187 p. AB - The objective of the study program is to design a railroad tank car head protective device which will reduce the frequency of head punctures in accidents. Accident data were reviewed in detail for the years 1965 through 1970 to correlate head damage frequency and severity with various types of tank cars, to determine distribution patterns of damage over tank car head surfaces, and to assess the costs to the railroad shipping industry of head punctures. Full scale head impact tests, previously run were also reviewed. From these two reviews, design criteria were established and used to reduce an initial compilation of 74 concepts to a group of 15, which when applied to various classes of cars, comprised a semi-final total of 42 combinations, or schemes, as referred to in this report. Designs for these 42 schemes were then detailed and cost estimated. Next, a comprehensive cost/benefit analysis was applied. Three schemes appear attractive for the non-insulated pressure cars of the DOT 112A or 114A type. A recommended test program is outlined, and a preliminary estimate of its cost is given. (Author) KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bumpers KW - Compressive properties KW - Compressive strength KW - Derailments KW - Hazardous material tank cars KW - Hazardous materials KW - Liquefied gases KW - Protection KW - Protectors KW - Reviews KW - Shielding KW - Statistics KW - Structural design KW - Tank car head protection KW - Tank cars UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/6355 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941404 AU - Barrows, T M AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PROGRESS ON THE RAM WING CONCEPT WITH EMPHASIS ON LATERAL DYNAMICS PY - 1971/06 SP - 69 p. AB - Theoretical and experimental efforts conducted at the Transportation Systems Center in the ram wing program are described. Glide Tests were performed using a simple ram wing model operating in an open rectangular trough 50 ft long. Lift drag ratios of 13 were recorded, and a low-frequency roll oscillation was observed. A theoretical model for a flat-plate airfoil in a rectangular trough of infinite depth is described and compared with existing theories and experimental data. The lateral dynamics of tracked vehicles of this type are reviewed and the most important stability parameters are identified. It is recommended that future research continue to focus on lateral dynamics and that careful experimental measurements be made for the stability derivatives. KW - Airfoils KW - Glide tests KW - Lateral dynamics KW - Lift drag ratio KW - Oscillation KW - Ram wing model KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Tracked vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642652 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226207 AU - Hergenrother, K AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRAIN CONTROL AND OPERATIONS PY - 1971/06 AB - ATO (AUTOMATIC TRAIN OPERATION) AND ATC (AUTOMATIC TRAIN CONTROL) SYSTEMS ARE EVALUATED RELATIVE TO AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY AND COST-BENEFIT. THE TECHNOLOGICAL EVALUATION SHOWS THAT SUITABLE MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF THE DYNAMICS OF LONG TRAINS ARE REQUIRED BEFORE SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENTS CAN BE MADE TO ATO SYSTEMS, AND THE PRESENT ATC SYSTEMS ARE PRESENTLY NEAR OPTIMUM. THE COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS CONCLUDES THAT ONLY RAILROADS WHICH FIND CTC (CENTRALIZED TRAFFIC CONTROL) ECONOMICALLY DESIRABLE WILL ALSO FIND THAT ATC DOES NOT SEEM ECONOMICALLY OR POLITICALLY PRACTICAL IN THE GENERAL RAILROAD ENVIRONMENT. A BRIEF EVALUATION IS MADE OF BOTH THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE RAILROAD LOCOMOTIVE TO AIR POLLUTION AND THE POSSIBLE MEANS OF CONTROLLING THIS POLLUTION. /DOT/FRA/ KW - Air quality management KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic train control KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Centralized control KW - Centralized traffic control KW - Control systems KW - Railroad trains KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115118 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00195689 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - ECONOMIC IMPACT OF FREIGHT CAR SHORTAGES PY - 1971/05 SP - 117 p. AB - This study estimates the economic impact of freight car shortages on the lumber, plywood, and grain industries in 1968. It defines the nature and cost/benefits per incident of different shortage conditions for affected parties (shippers, consignees, and carriers) and the net economic effect. The latter was defined as the net sum of costs and benefits affecting the total national economy. Information was obtained by in-depth interviews, analyses of existing data, and an extensive survey of shippers and receivers. The results were then combined to estimate the total economic impact of these events. In addition, methodologies were developed to forecast weekly lumber and plywood shipments. KW - Car shortage KW - Car shortages (Railroads) KW - Car supply (Railroads) KW - Economic analysis KW - Forecasting KW - Freight rates KW - Freight traffic KW - Grain KW - Grain trade KW - Lumber KW - Lumber industry KW - Physical distribution KW - Rates KW - Reliability KW - Shippers KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic forecasting KW - Traffic managers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/84482 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00195691 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - ECONOMIC IMPACT OF FREIGHT CAR SHORTAGES. APPENDICES PY - 1971/05 SP - v.p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Car shortage KW - Car shortages (Railroads) KW - Car supply (Railroads) KW - Carloadings KW - Freight traffic KW - Grain KW - Grain trade KW - Lumber KW - Lumber industry KW - Origin and destination KW - Physical distribution KW - Shippers KW - Surveys KW - Traffic managers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/85003 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00098084 AU - Collins, D W AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - DECADE OF DECISION - TERMINALS. REPORT OF TASK FORCE I TO THE LABOR AND MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE PY - 1971/04/23 SP - 35 p. AB - In March 1970, the Labor and Management Committee accepted an offer by the Secretary of Transportation for assistance in their efforts to resolve joint labor-management problems in the railroad industry. Before any significant projects could be undertaken, it was first necessary to identify the problems, especially those affecting service to shippers and the industry's ability to compete for a larger share at the transportation market. It was agreed that most of the problems occur at terminals, so Task Force I of the Labor and Management Committee was established with the following objectives: (1) To identify major terminal problems; and (2) To recommend solutions to these problems. After nine months of study, Task Force I reported its findings and recommendations to the Labor and Management Committee which are contained in this report. Eleven major problem areas affecting railroad terminal operations were identified. Task Force I recommended that a major program of pilot studies be organized and directed at improved terminal operations. They would deal in these three areas: (1) Improved information flow between terminals; (2) Improved terminal facilities; and (3) Study of changes in rules, rates and agreements on terminal operations. Each of these tasks should be made in a separate yard in order that there can be a comparison of the effects of changes in each of the elements on yard operations. As a result of the report by Task Force I to the Labor and Management Committee, Task Force I was reconstituted as the Task Force on Terminals for the purpose of setting up and managing pilot studies in the three problem areas. KW - Development KW - Freight terminals KW - Information systems KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Labor unions KW - Operating strategies KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Yard and terminal information systems KW - Yard operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37510 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00826909 AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Transportation Test Center TI - HIGH SPEED GROUND TEST CENTER.. PY - 1971 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Railroads KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/516511 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00130253 JO - Transportnoye Stroitel'stvo PB - Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga AU - Nevskii, S D AU - Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga TI - METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF THE HEIGHT OF EMBANKMENTS ON ICED-OVER PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL TRANS-BAIKAL T2 - METODIKA OPREDELENIIA VYSOTY NASYPEI NA UCHASTKAKH NALEDEOBRAZOVANIIA TSENTRAL'NOGO ZABAIKAL'IA PY - 1971 IS - 9 SP - p. 39-40 AB - In the USSR there has been accumulated and correlated much experience in the struggle to control ice layers of varied origins. The article proposes methods for determining the height of embankments of rail and automobile roads on sections with ice formation in the Trans-Baikal region. The analysis of the layout of 370 km. of automobile roads built with various types of road surfacings and the research on ice formation in 1964-1970 established that the height of road embankments on sections in the Central Trans-Baikal is determined by the maximum strength of the ice layers. Observations revealed that the greater the volume of ice layers and the gradient of the ice-formation section, the greater the strength of the ice forming in the road. The form of the ice and its geometric dimensions are stipulated by the form of the river valley. In a wide valley the ice has the possibility of spreading over a large area and therefore its average strength is small, whereas in narrow valleys the strength of the ice is significantly greater. According to the proposed nomogram it is possible to define the height of the ice, by allowing the exclusion of the escape of ice layers onto the roadbed, and, consequently, the shortening of the road construction period and the decrease of stability due to the elimination of changes which bring the height of the ice up to the required mark during the course of operations. KW - Deicing KW - Embankments KW - Foundations KW - Geological conditions KW - Geological events KW - Height KW - Permafrost KW - Railroad transportation KW - Road construction KW - Subgrade (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36692 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130312 AU - USSR Ministry of Railways TI - EXPERIMENTAL TESTING OF A FROG OF THE TYPE P65 MARK 1/11 WITH A MOVABLE POINT FOR SPEEDS UP TO 200 KM/HR IN STRAIGHT LINE T2 - EKSPERIMENTAL'NYE ISSLEDOVANIIA OPYTNYKH KRESTOVIN TIPA P65 MARKI 1/11 S PODVIZHNYMI SERDECHNIKAMI DLIA SKOROSTEI DVIZHENIIA PO PRIAMOMU NAPRAVLENIIU DO 200 KM/CH PY - 1971 SP - 94 p. AB - The increase in train speeds through switches presents one of the most important problems in increasing railroad line capacity. Switches have until now limited speed due to their design characteristics. Variations in geometry at switch and frog, as well as wheel irregularities, leads to a significant increase in dynamic shock forces in the interaction between wheel and rail. The best design for switches are the P50 and P65 types, Brand I/II. These were tested at speeds up to 220 km/hr. Results revealed that (1) Stresses in the load-carrying elements did not exceed the permissible; (2) Changes in wheel paths through the switch did not exceed certain limits which are presented in tabular form; (3) The vertical and horizontal wheel forces acting on the rail of the switches are within Ministry of Railways specification; (4) Vertical accelerations on the journal boxes of the test train during movement through the switch and frog are practically identical. The report also presents information relative to characteristics of the test section, test train, plans for installing instrumentation and the apparatus used in the tests. Also included are data on stresses in the movable point, switch points and stock rail, stresses in the cast portion of the wing rail, stresses beneath the rail head on the chamber of the cast portion, variation of the wheel path, vertical and horizontal forces and vertical accelerations of the journal box. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Force KW - Frogs (Railroads) KW - High speed rail KW - Instrumentation KW - Measuring instruments KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad tracks KW - Switches KW - Test tracks KW - Test trains KW - Track structures KW - Train track dynamics KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31993 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130197 AU - Institute of Engineers for Railroad Transportation TI - INVESTIGATION INTO THE RESPONSE OF FASTENERS AND RAILS T2 - ISSLEDOVANIE RABOTY SKREPLENII I REL'SOV PY - 1971 SP - 121 p. AB - This issue presents the following reports: (1) Some problems of investigation of increased resiliency rubber pads for a track with concrete ties. This shows calculation and design of increased resiliency rubber pads intended for decreasing rigidity of the track with concrete ties. Included are laboratory experiments, experimental research into the operation of rubber pads on the track, and operational observations. (2) Constructional advantages of glue-bolt insulating joints and effectiveness of application, showing an analysis of research on the stress deformed state of glue-bolt insulating joints under various types of loads. The results of observations on the operation of joints in the track, brief information about the technology for manufacture of the joints, and economic grounds for their application are also presented. (3) The distribution of plastic deformation in the surface zone of rail rolling attachments, presenting the results of experimental research into the distribution of plastic deformation on the width and depth of the head of P65 standard production rails of the "Azovsteel" and "KMK" enterprises. It is determined that during the evaluation of the character of formation of the forged layer of the rail-heads it is necessary to include the load on the axle and the allowable tonnage (especially during the first operating stage) as well as the contact conditions of the rail wheels. (4) Experimental research into operation of railroad track in the early period of stabilization, presenting the results of experimental research on the peculiarities of operation of temporary railroad track. KW - Axle loadings KW - Axle loads KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Concrete KW - Concrete ties KW - Elastomers KW - Force KW - Glued rail joints KW - Inspection KW - Insulated joints KW - Insulation systems KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail joints KW - Rail steel KW - Rail steel metallurgy KW - Railhead KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Tie pads KW - Track component investigations KW - Track laying KW - Track response investigations KW - Train track dynamics KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31835 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00130269 JO - Soviet Journal of Nondestructive Testing PB - Plenum Publishing Company AU - Vlasov, V V AU - Plenum Publishing Company TI - ULTRASONIC CHECKING OF INSTALLED RAILWAY RAILS WITH THE UTILIZATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ACOUSTIC CONVERTERS T2 - UL'TRAZVUKOVOI KONTROL' ZHELEZNODOROZHNYKH REL'SOV ULOZHENNYKH V PUT'S ISPOL'ZOVANIEM ELEKTROMAGNITNO AKUSTICHESKIKH PREOBRAZOVATELEI PY - 1971 IS - 3 SP - p. 94-98 AB - Magnetic and ultrasonic flaw detectors are applied for the mobile checking of rails. The test car's flaw detector has the deficiencies of relatively low sensitivity to defects within the railhead, at 7 mm. and over from the surface, to small defects, and also can not reveal defects in the web of the rail. A trait of the magnetic flaw detector is the possibility of operation in a wide range of temperatures and at high speeds, without moistening the rolling surface of the rail. The ultrasonic railcar flaw detector is more sensitive to small defects and reveals defects in the web of the rail. Its main deficiency is the necessity of applying liquids (usually water or alcohol) for the insurance of acoustical contact between the probe and the object checked. The quality of the acoustical contact depends upon the uniformity of the liquid inflow, the level of turbulence of the flow, and upon the accumulation of dirt on the rails. Figures include a plan of the excitation of ultrasonic oscillations with the aid of the electromagnetic acoustical converter, a plan of the searching system, and a block plan of the apparatus. KW - Defects KW - Detection and identification KW - Eddy current inspection KW - Eddy currents KW - Inspection KW - Inspection cars KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail design KW - Rail flaw detection KW - Rail inspection KW - Railhead KW - Structural design KW - Ultrasonic tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36701 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130234 AU - Institute of Engineers for Railroad Transportation TI - PROBLEMS IN THE OPERATION OF RAILROADS T2 - VOPROSY EKSPLYATATSII ZHELEZNYKH DOROG PY - 1971 AB - This issue presents the following five reports. (1) Optimal distribution of tractive power based upon the weight and speed of the cargo train on a computed profile. This report reveals methods, norms, and results of research with the use of electronic computers on calculated speeds for various existing types of locomotives and over long-term conditions. Used as the optimality criterion is hourly productivity of the locomotive (train). Transport expenditures are detailed. Calculated speeds at the present time are optimal in none of the criteria; a differentiation of calculated speeds independently of track profile is recommended. (2) Composition of passenger and cargo train traffic schedule on two-track sections. This report shows that the least delay of trains of various categories during passage on a section is derived from simultaneous composition of their traffic timetable. An algorithm is proposed which takes into account simultaneous plotting of various categories of trains. (3) Optimization of the network schedule for terminal operation of circuit and railroad tracks of industrial enterprises. Choice of the optimal variant is accomplished according to hierarchical criteria; these are technological, cost, and operational. The indices of these criteria are respectively, volume of switching rail cars, average idle period, and operational interaction between the station and industrial tracks; expenditures for switching the rail car. The final criterion is characterized by a minimum of maximal mismatches during fulfillment of the network timetable. (4) Influence of the irregular flow of loads on parameters of terminal arrangements. The report presents methods for the analytical expression of flows on requirements and service at the terminals, as well as conditions of interaction between these two flows. Also the statistical modeling method as applied to the definition of fundamental processes together with the analytical dependence. On the basis of research into the processes, including irregularity, methods for locating their basic parameters are proposed. (5) Formation of the casual full-scale plate on the electronic computer, depending upon the rail car flow; this presents the influence of the volume and nature of the rail car flow on the splitting up of carrier trains on junction cargo stations. KW - Car utilization (Railroads) KW - Classification yards KW - Double track KW - Line capacity KW - Mathematical models KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Network flows KW - Operating strategies KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Planning KW - Railroad facility operations KW - Scheduling KW - Simulation KW - Statistical analysis KW - Timetables KW - Tonnage ratings KW - Train operations KW - Train performance KW - Yard operations KW - Yard simulation models UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/33820 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144472 AU - USSR Council of Ministers for Constr Matters TI - CRUSHED BOULDERS AND PEBBLES FOR RAILROAD BALLAST. GOST 7393-71. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION T2 - SHCHEBEN IZ VALUNOV I GAL'KI DLIA BALLASTNOGO SLOIA ZHELEZNODOROZHNOGO PUTI. GOST 7393-71. IZDANIE OFITSIAL'NOE PY - 1971 SP - 8 p. AB - The Standard deals with gravel obtained from crushed boulder and pebbles. Its use is controlled by active standards (SN and P), and by the "Conclusions on conducting planned-and-preventive maintenance of the upper track structure, earthen roadbed, and artificial structures of USSR Railroads". The number of grains in the mass should not be less than 70% of the total. Depending on the indexes of mechanical strength, obtained in tests on the braker PM, gravel is classified as U-75; U-50; and U-40. According to indexes obtained in abrasion tests in a ball mill, gravel is classified as I-15; I-30; and I-40. Water absorption should not exceed 1.5% of dry gravel mass. The crushed stone should not contain any clay, vegetal layers, nor other impurities. Rules of acceptance, and testing methods are described. Transportation and storing of gravel are specified. KW - Aggregates KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Ballast specifications KW - Gravel KW - Specifications KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62777 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144453 AU - USSR Council of Ministers TI - PRESTRESSED REINFORCED CONCRETE CROSSTIES FOR WIDE-GAUGE RAILROADS. GOST 10629-71, OFFICIAL PUBLICATION T2 - SHPALY ZHELEZOBETONNYE PREDVARITEL'NO NAPRIAZHENNYE DLIA ZHELEZNYKH DOROG SHIROKOI KOLEI. GOST 10629-71 IZDANIE OFITSIAL'NOE PY - 1971 SP - 14 p. AB - The Standard deals with squared, prestressed, reinforced concrete crossties for wide-gauge railroads, standard rolling stock, rails of the P50, R65, and R75 types, and for intermediate rail fastenings of the KB and ZhB types, on straight and curved track sections (with a radius not less than 350 m). The shapes, basic dimensions and types of crossties have to conform to drawings on Table 1. There are two sorts of ties, I and II, according to their quality. Admissible deviations from standard dimensions are given in Table 2. The sloping of the under-tie area has to be 1/20 (within limits for tie I of 1/19 to 1/20, and for tie II of 1/19 to 1/22). Technical specifications and GOST requirements for various types of aggregate, the quality of Portland cement, mechanical stresses in ties, and all construction equipment are described. Acceptance rules and testing methods are described, as well as transportation, marking and storing methods. KW - Concrete KW - Concrete ties KW - Prestressed concrete ties KW - Quality control KW - Railroad ties KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62760 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130211 AU - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst TI - IMPROVEMENT OF DESIGN, PARAMETERS, AND QUALITY OF SWITCHES T2 - SOVERSHENSTOVANIE KONSTRUKTSII, PARAMETROV I KACHESTVA STRELOCHNYKH PEREVODOV PY - 1971 SP - 121 p. AB - This publication presents the following reports: (1) Contemporary status and prospective development of the design of switches; on the basis of current literature and the results of theoretical and experimental research an overview of switch design in the USSR and abroad is given. (2) Results of service tests of frogs of various types and brands; a methodology for evaluation of the durability of frogs. Highest indices developed on frogs strenthened by explosive hardening. Generally these average 1.5-1/6 times higher than that of standard frogs. (3) Reasons for formation of contact fatigue flaws in frog castings and ways of eliminating these. High manganese steel frogs were studied to develop the mechanism by which fatigue flaws are produced, also covered is evaluation of the chemical composition of the frogs, their mechanical properties, and the structure of the metal, as well as the effect of operating conditions on frogs. (4) Strength of the core of frogs which have been explosive hardened and the single and multiple stresses which are so produced. (5) Influence of the width of the flangeway of sharp frogs on the passage of wheelsets. (6) Research into influence of the flangeway of sharp frogs on rolling loads. (7) Definition of the optimum length of straight track segments between switches. (8) Definition of speed limits through complicated switchwork. KW - Alignment KW - Alloy steel KW - Explosive hardening KW - Fatigue analysis KW - Frogs (Railroads) KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Railroad tracks KW - Speed limits KW - Structural design KW - Switches KW - Track alignment KW - Track design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31861 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130233 AU - Transport Publishing House TI - RAILROAD OPERATOR'S REFERENCE BOOK T2 - SPRAVOCHNIK EKSPLUATATSIONNIKA PY - 1971 SP - 704 p. AB - This book contains reference materials for the conditions and organization of passenger and cargo transport, the technical normalization and methods of analysis of operational work, calculations of technical norms and indices of rolling stock operation, organization of train traffic, methods of complex regulation of railway car and locomotive fleets, prime cost of transportation, work production, and other problems of railroad operation. Data is provided for the technical control of roads (track and track management, stations and junctions, locomotives, railway cars and railcar management, automation, communication, electrification and energetics, and means of mechanization), characteristics of their basic elements, maintenance and operational norms, and computations. Special selections of the handbook are dedicated to the application of computational technology and mathematical methods in the solution of operational tasks, general transportation problems, and problems of cadres, labor, and salary. The reference book is intended for technical engineering and management workers connected with the organization of train traffic, cargo and spurtracks and transport shops of industrial enterprises, as well as students and instructors of the railroad technical institutes. The chapters are (1) General transport information, USSR and abroad; (2) Technical railroad means; (3) Passenger transport; (4) Organization of operational procedure; (5) Passage allowing and transportational capability of railroads; (6) Application of mathematical methods and computational technology; finally, (7) Labor and salary. KW - Automation KW - Car utilization (Railroads) KW - Freight transportation KW - Handbooks KW - Locomotive utilization KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Mathematical models KW - Operating rules KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Passenger transportation KW - Personnel management KW - Planning KW - Productivity KW - Railroad electrification KW - Shippers KW - Traffic managers KW - Transportation engineering KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31880 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130237 AU - Voronin, A V AU - Transport Publishing House TI - ELECTRIC SUPPLY OF ELECTRIFIED RAILROADS T2 - ELEKTROSNABZHENIE ELEKTRIFITSIROVANNYKH ZHELEZNYKH DOROG PY - 1971 SP - 296 p. AB - This book presents theoretical principles of the operation of direct and alternating tractive electric supply systems, their interaction with electrical rolling stock and systems of external electrical supply. It also covers methods of electrical computation; choice of parameters and design of electrical traction supply systems; the protection of electrical traction arrangements from short circuit currents; and the isolation of subterranean constructions and communication systems from the effect of tractive currents. In contrast to the previous issues, and relative to a change in the educational program; the present book excludes the investigation of problem of the protection of electrical tension systems from excess voltage and adds the topic of the protection of conductance communication system from tractive currents. This book has been ratified by the Main Administration of Educational Institutions of the Ministry of Railroads in the capacity of a textbook for the railroad transport technical schools in the specialties of energy supply and energy management of railroad transport and can also be utilized by workers of planning organizations and energy supply sections of roads for the solution of practical problems. The chapters are: (1) Brief information on energy systems; (2) Electrical networks; (3) General problems in the electrical supply of electrified railroads; (4) Electrical calculation of electrical traction supply systems; (5) Protection of electrical traction systems from short circuit and overload currents; (6) The compensation of reactive power, the regulation of tension and the lowering of the non- symmetry of currents and tensions; (7) Technical-economic calculations of electrical supply systems; (8) Planning energy supply systems; (9) Stray currents and the protection of subterranean constructions from electrical corrosions; (10) The influence of electrical current on conductance communication currents and protection from it; (11) Radio interference created by electrical traction systems and the lowering and suppression of these interferences. KW - Circuit breakers KW - Electric power supply KW - Electric power transmission KW - Electrochemical corrosion KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Ground currents KW - Inductive interference KW - Power factor KW - Power factor (Electricity) KW - Protection KW - Protective devices KW - Railroad electrification KW - Safety equipment KW - Short circuits KW - Telecommunications KW - Textbooks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31886 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130209 AU - Lysiuk, V S AU - Pozdniakov, B I AU - Titov, V P AU - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst TI - METHODS USED TO CALCULATE THE WEIGHT BEARING CAPACITY OF THE BASIC SURFACE OF ROADBEDS T2 - METODIKA RASCHETA NESUSHCHEI SPOSOBNOSTI OSNOVNOI PLOSHCHADKI EKSPLUATIRUEMOGO ZEMLIANOGO POLOTNA PY - 1971 SP - 112 p. AB - This book lays out a new statistical method for the evaluation of the durability of the fundamental surface of the operational subgrade worked out on the basis of organization of direct experiments under on-location conditions. The received calculated apparatus is in full accordance with the composed practical work on the differentiation of the capacity of elements of the upper track structure according to load-stress, and is based on the integral calculation of durability characteristics of the bottom of the subgrade and its mutability during the process of operation. The book is intended for scientific and technical engineering workers of railroad transportation. The chapters are: (1) Statement of the problem; (2) Fundamental principles and criteria for a new methodology: choice of calculation parameters; (3) Bases of methodology for experimental research into deformations of the basic surface: climatic conditions, methodology determining dependency characteristics of test sections; (4) Train loads (pressures) acting upon the fundamental surface: rolling stock and its circulation on test sections, choice of calculation zone, change in time of interaction of the ballast with the subgrade along the length of the sleeper, normal stresses, comparative evaluation of ballast pressure on the fundamental surface along concrete steel and wooden ties; (5) Accumulation of deformations of the fundamental surface: distribution of similar deformation along the track, dependency of average accumulated deformations on the allowable tonnage, definition of equivalent stresses; (6) Methods for calculating the sizes of accumulated deformations at a given level of probability; (7) Allowable residual deformations of the fundamental surface of the subgrade from non-draining bottoms; (8) Allowable stresses on the fundamental surface of the operational subgrade from the effect of the wheels of the rolling stock; finally (9) Hypotheses explaining the physical essence of the process of accumulation of deformation of the fundamental surface of the operational subgrade. KW - Axle loadings KW - Axle loads KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Ballast stiffness KW - Bearing capacity KW - Concrete KW - Concrete ties KW - Deformation KW - Durability KW - Embankments KW - Freezing KW - Inspection KW - Loads KW - Mathematical models KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroad transportation KW - Soil mechanics KW - Soil stabilization KW - Soil tests KW - Statistical analysis KW - Steel KW - Steel cross ties KW - Stiffness KW - Structural design KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Track component investigations KW - Track design KW - Traffic density KW - Wood ties KW - Wooden cross ties UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31857 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130210 AU - Lysiuk, V S AU - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst TI - THE STRUGGLE WITH THE WEAR OF WOODEN TIES T2 - IZNOS DEREVIANNYKH SHPAL I BOR'BA S NIM PY - 1971 SP - 224 p. AB - This monograph lays out the results of research into the causes of the formation and intensity of the accumulation of mechanical flaws of wooden ties during their operation; it also determines the dependence of the accumulated depressions in the ties under the linings on the size of the pressures acting upon them and the quantity of their forces (the weight stress of the lines) including the influence of various operational and constructional factors. In addition it works out a method for predicting the output (capacity) of the ties according to depressions under the linings, and puts forth the new integral- probability method of evaluation of the strength of the wooden ties, based on the integral calculation of the accumulated flaws for a given period of operation of the ties. Also layed out in the monograph is the calculated apparatus corresponding to the practice of differentation of the bearing square linings and the density of the laying of the ties according to the weight tension of the lines. The book is intended for technical engineering and scientific workers of transportation management and economics. The specific chapters are: (1) Operation of the sleepers in the track; (2) Interaction of the sleepers with adjacent elements of the track; (3) Reasons for weakening of the sleepers in rail lining zones in the process of operation; (4) Struggle against the formation of depressions in the sleepers under the linings; (5) Irregularity of cutting internal and external ends of the linings into the sleepers; (6) Dependence of the intensity of accumulation of depressions in the sleepers under the linings from stresses; (7) Influence of work conditions, timber types, and operational times of the sleepers on the intensity of accumulation of depressions under the linings; (8) Influence of the dimensions of depressions in the sleepers under the linings upon the stress-deformed condition of sleepers and the sleeper foundation; (9) Methodology for calculation of the carrying capability of the sleepers. KW - Axle loadings KW - Axle loads KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Ballast stiffness KW - Cross tie deterioration KW - Cross tie spacing KW - Deterioration KW - Inspection KW - Maintenance of way KW - Mathematical models KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Spacing KW - Stiffness KW - Stresses KW - Structural design KW - Tie plates KW - Track component investigations KW - Track design KW - Track stress KW - Traffic density KW - Wood ties KW - Wooden cross ties UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31859 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130038 AU - Tkalich, A D AU - USSR Ministry of Transportation Construction TI - TECHNICAL INFORMATION, INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MECHANIZATION OF INSTALLATION WORK DURING RAILROAD ELECTRIFICATION. (EXPERIMENTAL WORK OF THE "TRANSELECTROASSEMBLY" COMBINE) T2 - TEKHNICHESKAIA INFORMATSIIA, INDUSTRIALIZATSIIA I MEKHANIZATSIIA MONTAZHNYKH RABOT PRI ELEKTRIFIKATSII ZHELEZNYKH DOROG (OPYT RABOTY TRESTA "TRANSELEKTROMONTAZH") PY - 1971 SP - 16 p. AB - This pamphlet describes the industrialization and mechanization of installation operations during railroad electrification. The utilization of standard plans of unified elements and components of the catenary network and traction substations, as well as factory manufacture of miscellaneous equipment and assemblies and their subsequent installation at the construction area, insure the industrialization of structural installation operations during railroad electrification. The manufacture of construction elements and units of catenary network equipment at factories of the "Transelectroassembly" Combine immediately decreased work input on the objectives and allowed a shortening of the "opening" times for work production. This has great significance for high density operation of trains on electrified lines. The work input on the structural assembly work for the construction of traction substations was also significantly reduced. At the beginning of the 1950's manufacture of individual units and constructions for installation at the traction substations began at factories. The "Transelectroassembly" Combine proposed that the "Transelectroplan" and the Ljubeckii factory develop the first complete AC traction substation with operational alternating current. This pamphlet includes figures covering general overviews of the complete DC remote control substation with silicon rectifiers, DC remote control sectioning post, transformer substation junction station grouping point, and the AVGM railcar in its catenary network installation. KW - Catenaries (Railroads) KW - Construction projects KW - Electric power transmission KW - Electric substations KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Planning KW - Productivity KW - Railroad electrification KW - Rectifiers KW - Remote control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31780 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226525 AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RAILROAD-HIGHWAY SAFETY, PART 1: A COMPREHENSIVE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM. REPORT TO CONGRESS PY - 1971 SP - 137 p. AB - THE GRADE CROSSING PROBLEM IS DESCRIBED. THE DIFFICULT QUESTIONS OF FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, DIVIDED JURISDICTION, HIGH COST OF IMPROVEMENT, LEGAL LIABILITY, AND LIMITED SOURCES OF FUNDING HAVD HAD A MAJOR IMPACT ON THE ABILITY TO ACHIEVE NEW BREAKTHROUGHS IN SOLVING THE GRADE CROSSING PROBLEM. ASPECTS DESCRIBED INCLUDE THE DRIVER'S ROLE, WARNING SYSTEMS, VISIBILITY OF TRAINS, AND PEDESTRIAN PROTECTION. SOME STATISTICS ON GRADE CROSSING ACCIDENTS ARE INCLUDED. KW - Crashes KW - Financial responsibility KW - Legal responsibility KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Safety KW - Signals KW - Visibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112928 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092226 AU - Lang, A S AU - Reid, R M AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Union Pacific Railroad Foundation AU - Burlington Northern, Incorporated TI - STUDIES IN RAILROAD OPERATIONS AND ECONOMICS. VOLUME 1. RAILROAD CAR MOVEMENT RELIABILITY: A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF LINE-HAUL OPERATIONS PY - 1970/10 SP - 33 p. AB - Data on road train delays due to various tyes of mechanical failures and derailments and on the duration of these delays were collected for a total of 1,065 trains operating over a single main-line division during a two-month period. These delays were classified by major type (brake, coupler, and other types of failures-not including engine failures) and by possible causal factors (train length, trailing tonnage, and track profile) operative at the time of the failure. KW - Brakes KW - Braking systems KW - Car component design KW - Cargo transportation KW - Couplers KW - Economic factors KW - Failure KW - Freight car component performance KW - Freight cars KW - Freight forwarders KW - Freight forwarding KW - Freight trains KW - Freight transportation KW - Mechanical engineering KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroads KW - Reliability KW - Traffic delays KW - Train operation KW - Train operations KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29007 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00039253 AU - WOLL, T P AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - AUTOMATED TRACK INSPECTION INFORMATION AND ITS USE PY - 1970/09/29 SP - 39 p. AB - The paper describes the type of track inspection information provided by the Department of Transportation test cars (railroad) and the way it is to be used. The D.O.T. track inspection car program and a computer program from which gage data is produced are discussed. The basic principle discussed apply to all track parameters. The concepts for data processing described and the resulting preferred formats for the presentation of track geometry data resulted from discussions with knowledgable people within the railroad industry. In particular track maintenance personnel were consulted regarding their preferred form for data presentation from the viewpoint of track maintenance. (Author) KW - Digital computers KW - Information retrieval KW - Inspection KW - Inspection cars KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance of way KW - Maintenance personnel KW - Maintenance vehicles KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad tracks KW - Structural design KW - Track geometry UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/7077 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00039259 AU - O'sullivan, W B AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - OBSERVATIONS ON THE COST, PRESENT AND ANTICIPATED, ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH SPEED RAIL TRANSPORTATION PY - 1970/09 IS - 9 SP - 104 p. AB - The report is a synthesis of data, published and otherwise, commenting on costs related primarily to the construction and maintenance of present high speed train routes or those envisioned for near and longer term future. Some of the social factors supporting the concept of high speed train service are explored. Results of recent model studies of a region's transportation demands for the next two decades are reviewed and the anticipated role of the rail mode described. (DOT abstract) KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Cost engineering KW - Costs KW - Demand KW - Expenses KW - Forecasting KW - High speed rail KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Mathematical models KW - Operating costs KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Sociometrics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/7082 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00039417 AU - LUEBKE, R W AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF BOXCAR VIBRATIONS PY - 1970/08 SP - 175 p. AB - The vibration environment within a 50 foot-70 ton boxcar and its running gear was measured by accelerometers and recorded on magnetic tape. The program included evaluations of load, speed, track irregularities, flat wheels, friction damping, variable rate springs, spring travel, and truck design, on the vibration environment within the car body. It was concluded that an increase in load and spring travel reduced the vibration levels in the car body. All new truck designs tested produced reductions in the car body vibration levels. Friction damping levels presently used in freight car trucks were found to be nearly optimum. Flat wheels produced a tremendous increase in truck vibrations and a smaller increase in car body vibrations. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Box cars KW - Car vibration KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Defects KW - Flat wheels KW - Freight cars KW - Motor vehicles KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad tracks KW - Spring KW - Suspensions KW - Technology KW - Track irregularities KW - Trucks KW - United States KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Vehicle vibration KW - Velocity KW - Vibration KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/7167 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00331869 JO - Trudy TsNII PB - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst AU - L'vov, A A AU - Romen, YuS AU - Kuznetsov, A V AU - Ershkov, O P AU - Krepkogorskyi, S S AU - Anisimov, P S AU - Zakharov, A N AU - Petrova, V N AU - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst TI - DYNAMICS OF CARS OF THE ER22 AND ER200 ELECTRIC TRAINS ON TRUCKS WITH PNEUMATIC SUSPENSION T2 - DINAMIKA VAGONOV ELEKTROPOEZDOV ER22 I ER200 NA TELEZHKAKH S PNEVMATICHESKIM PODVESHIVANIEM PY - 1970 SP - 184 p. AB - This monograph is devoted to theoretical and experimental research on the dynamics of electric train power cars and trailing cars moving at high speeds. A review is given of power-car and trailing-car running gear designs used in the USSR and abroad, and the results are given of theoretical solutions for car oscillations associated with various parameters of spring suspension rigidity, dampening, correlations of oscillating masses, and moments of inertia when moving on straight and curved sections of track. The results are given of tests of ER22 electric trains with pneumatic spring suspension, as are the results of computations for negotiating curved sections of track and for determining the influence on the track. Recommendations are given in the conclusion on the selection of electric train power-car and trailing-car running gear parameters. KW - Curved track KW - Dynamics KW - Electric multiple unit cars KW - Former Soviet Union KW - Oscillation KW - Railroads KW - Suspension systems KW - Train track dynamics KW - Truck dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Vehicle oscillations KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167347 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130305 AU - USSR Ministry of Railways AU - All-Union Scientific Res Inst of Railroad Hygiene TI - METHODOLOGICAL MATERIALS AND SCIENTIFIC REPORT NO. 34 T2 - METODICHESKIE MATERIALY I NAUCHNYE SOOBSHCHENIIA PY - 1970 SP - 48 p. AB - The following reports are included: (1) The realization of Lenin's will for the development of railroad transport and the preservation of health; (2) Lenin and the scientific organization of work; (3) Fundamental results and directions of research in work hygiene in railroad transport; (4) The function of reports and professional selection; (5) The toxicological study of chemical factors of the external environment; (6) Work hygiene, toxicology, and professional pathology during painting of the rolling stock; (7) Results of research on unified ventilator assemblies; (9) Reality of limiting noise and vibration for passenger cars; (9) The problem of hygiene evaluation of polymer materials; (10) Experience in developing a manual for a "system of objective evaluation of conditions, load, and pressure of work"; (11) Psychological engineering aspects in the evaluation and planning of the work place of the mechanics; (12) Nerve overload and fatigue as indicators of work capability of individuals occupied emotionally by pressured intellectual activity; (13) The experience of the USSR railroad with thermal clothing; (14) Theoretical bases of the phenomenon of color absorption and its meaning for clinical and physiological hygiene; (15) Problems of preventive sanitary supervision in planning and construction of railroad lines. KW - Alertness KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Human factors KW - Painting KW - Personnel management KW - Physiological aspects KW - Physiological factors KW - Polymers KW - Psychological aspects KW - Safety KW - Toxicity KW - Ventilation systems KW - Vigilance KW - Working conditions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31978 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130240 AU - USSR Ministry of Railways TI - SOVIET RAILROAD TECHNICAL OPERATION RULES T2 - PRAVILA TEKHNICHESKOI EKSPLUATATSII ZHELEZNYKH DOROG SOIUZA SSR PY - 1970 SP - 159 p. AB - These rules contain the following information: (I) General obligations of railroad transport workers; (II) Constructions, and systems for maintaining them: (1) general principles, dimensions; (2) construction and track administration plan, track profile, subgrade, upper track structure, artificial constructions, switching crossings, intersections, track and signaling signs; (3) water supply and regenerating means, signaling and communication, signals, automatic and semiautomatic blocking, centralization of switches and signals, dispatcher centralization, automatic locomotive signaling and automatic stops, switch dependency, station blocking, track obstructions, low voltage lines and communications; (6) electrical supply of electrified railroads and energy management; (7) inspection of constructions and their repair; (III) Rolling Stock and its Maintenance: (1) general requirements; (2) wheelsets; (3) braking and cushioning arrangements; (4) maintenance, upkeep, and repair of rolling stock; maintenance of rail cars: (IV) Organization of Train Traffic; (1) timetable; (2) distribution points, organization of technical operation of the stations, general requirements operation of switching crossings, execution of switching, formation of railcars in cargo trains, sequency of switching brakes in the trains: (V) Train traffic: reception and departure of trains, means of signalling and communication during train traffic, sequence of action during obligatory stop of train. Finally, the handbook concludes with a list of terms employed in the rules of technical operations of USSR railroads. KW - Car clearances (Railroads) KW - Car design KW - Centralized traffic control KW - Classification yards KW - Clearances KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Embankments KW - Emergency procedures KW - Handbooks KW - Interlocking KW - Operating rules KW - Railroad electrification KW - Railroad terminals KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroad yards KW - Signaling KW - Specifications KW - Telecommunications KW - Timetables KW - Track structures KW - Train makeup KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31892 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144448 AU - USSR Ministry of Railways TI - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR LAYING AND MAINTAINING CONTINUOUSLY WELDED RAIL T2 - TEKHNICHESKIE USLOVIIA NA UKLADKU I SODERZHANIE BESSTYKOVOGO PUTI PY - 1970 SP - 120 p. AB - This technical specification supersedes the 1962 standard and was developed by the head of the track directorate, the technical research organizations and the railways. It has been approved by the Commission on Track Maintenance of the Scientific-Technical Council of the Ministry of Railways. It has five sections: Fundamentals; Perculiarities of Welded Rail Design; Procedures for Laying Continuously Welded Rail; Maintenance and Repair of Continuously Welded Rail; Appendices. KW - Defects KW - Maintenance of way KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail fasteners KW - Rail thermal stresses KW - Railroad tracks KW - Standards KW - Structural design KW - Thermal stresses KW - Track design KW - Track laying KW - Track standards KW - Welded rail UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62756 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144467 AU - USSR Council of Ministers for Constr Matters TI - CRUSHED STONE FOR RAILWAY BALLAST GOST 7392-70. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION T2 - SHCHEBEN'IZ ESTESTVENNOGO KAMNIA DLIA BALLASTNOGO SLOIA ZHELEZNODOROZHNOGO PUTI GOST 73-70. IZDANIE OFITSIAL'NOE PY - 1970 SP - 10 p. AB - The Standard deals with gravel from natural stone, obtained by crushing rock for ballast in railroad tracks. Gravel has to be used in accordance with active standards, rules (SN and P), and the "Conclusions on conducting planned-and- preventive maintenance of the upper track structure, earthen roadbed and artificial structures of USSR railroads." The gravel is classified depending on the size of grains into groups, which should correspond to data on Table 1. Technical requirements are enumerated, and rules of inspection and of tests are described. The gravel grains can have dimensions from 5 to 25 mm. Number of grains with dimensions of 25 to 40 mm cannot exceed 5%, grains with dimensions of less than 5 mm cannot exceed 5%, and particles of less than 0.1 mm is size cannot exceed 2% of the total mass of gravel. According to indexes of mechanical strength, obtained in impact resistance tests, gravel is classified as marks U-75; U-50; and U-40. Water absorption should not exceed 1.5% of the mass. Rules of acceptance and methods of testing are described. KW - Aggregates KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Ballast specifications KW - Gravel KW - Specifications KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62772 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130204 AU - USSR Ministry of Railways TI - RAILROAD LITERATURE 1968 T2 - ZHELEZNODOROZNAIA LITERATURA SSSR-1968 PY - 1970 SP - 477 p. AB - "Railroad Literature 1968" is a regular publication of the annual bibliographical indices of literature issued by the USSR Ministry of Railroads. The present index, as the previous ones, reflects the literature about the state and development of USSR railroad transport, leading production experience, and the most important technical-economic problems of transport. The index begins with USSR Communist Party directives on railroad transport, and the role of the C.P. in the struggle to improve railroad transport, including party political and Komsomol work. The index goes on to cover such general topics as the history of development of railroad transport, science, and technology, including the history of the revolutionary movement in railroad transport, railroad economics (e.g. planning, finances, tariffs, bookkeeping), interaction of various types of transport, work (e.g. salary and normalization of work, work productivity, socialistic competition), foreign railroad economics, scientific research, and preparation of cadres for rail transport training (e.g. line positions, middle and higher technical professions and technical progaganda). The index goes on to cover numerous other areas of railroad transport, such as materials, construction, planning, subgrade, upper track structure, current track repair, civil and industrial buildings, train stations, rolling stock and traction, electrified railroads, underground railroads, automation, remote control, communication, dispatching, etc. The final portion of the index is concerned with train traffic safety, safety technology, industrial rail transportation, specially constructed railroads, high speed lines, and cargo and commercial railroad operation, including transport law. KW - Bibliographies KW - Economics KW - History KW - Planning KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31845 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00130263 JO - Publication of: Institute of Railway Transportation Engineers PB - Institute of Railway Transportation Engineers AU - Merkulov, D M AU - Kuz'minykh, A I AU - Institute of Railway Transportation Engineers TI - ANTI-ICING MEASURES FOR SMALL ARTIFICIAL INSTALLATIONS AND SOIL ROADBEDS IN REGIONS OF DENSE PERMAFROST T2 - PROTIVONALEDNYE MEROPRIIATIIA U MALYKH ISKUSSTVEENYKH SOORUZHENII I ZEMLIANOGO POLOTNA V RAIONAKH SPLOSHNOI VECHNOI MERZLOTY PY - 1970 SP - p. 156-164 AB - In regions of dense permaforst ice layers are generally found in continual and periodically acting currents of water, as well as in hollows inundated by soil and subterranean waters. In order to analyze ice processes, and determine antifreeze measures, it is expedient to divide ice passages into the following groups: (a) ice layers of surface waters (river and spring); (b) ice layers of subterranean waters; (c) ice layers of soil waters (below-freezing); (d) ice layers of mixed waters. The conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) For dense permafrost regions the passage of small water current and springs in constructions with no ice layer formation, and aided by open and heated troughs, or only by means of concentrating the water current, can not be recommended in view of large heat losses; (2) Drains are very effective anti-ice means when applied in channels and for intercepting subterranean and soil waters in hollows. During the process of designing the drainages, measures must be envisaged which prevent the freezing of water in them, in collection and transportation; (3) A retention of the ice layer above the artificial constructions should be recommended in order to control spring and mixed ice layers in valleys with insignificant gradients; (4) Frost-waterproof belts consisting of vertical and horizontal waterproof shields can be applied to control ice layers fed by sub-freezing waters; (5) Planning the soil roadbed of small bridges and culverts in dense permafrost regions can be done in a unified complex with antifreeze constructions. KW - Antifreeze KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Culverts KW - Deicing KW - Drainage KW - Drains KW - Freezing KW - Installation KW - Insulation blankets KW - Permafrost KW - Permafrost regions KW - Railroad transportation KW - Soil mechanics KW - Soil water KW - Structural design KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Water table KW - Waterproofing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37427 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130032 AU - Dmitrievskii, G V AU - Ovlasiuk, VIa AU - Suchoprudskii, N D AU - Transport Publishing House TI - AUTOMATION AND REMOTE CONTROL OF ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY APPARATUS T2 - AVTOMATIKA I TELEMEKHANIKA ELEKTROSNABZHAIUSHCHIKH USTROISTV PY - 1970 SP - 264 p. AB - This book presents fundamental information about the elements and construction principles of telemechanic and automatic assemblies of electrical railroad electric supply arrangements; present systems are described in detail. The main chapters of the book include the following. (1) Information, signals, transformation, and transmission (e.g. discrete and continuous signal quantization, physical characteristics, spectra, detection of modulation oscillations, principles of interference-free codification); (2) Assemblies and elements of automatic and telemechanic arrangements (e.g. electrical diagrams, cold cathode thyratrons, electromechanical relay and pitch selectors, magnetic elements with rectangular hysteresis loop); (3) Functional and transformational schemata (e.g. impulse distributors, encoders, decoders); (4) Feeding line automatics (e.g. automatic reclosing of transmission lines, feeders, short circuit points, sectioning posts); (5) Automatic arrangements of transformers, transformational assemblies, and auxiliary arrangements (e.g. mercury rectifier cooling, silicon rectifier commutation); (6) Construction principles of telemechanics arrangements; (7) EST (Ch)-62 electronic remote control system with frequential channel distribution (e.g. technical characteristics, telesignalization assemblies, transmitting arrangements); (8) EST-(V)-62 electronic remote control system; (9) Telemechanics communication channels (e.g. high frequency channels on electrical transmission lines and power ramification circuits); (10) Elements and apparatus of telemechanic communication channels (e.g. electrical filters, amplitude limiters, low frequency harmonic oscillation generators); (11) Fundamental information on installation, repair, and operation of automatic and telemechanic arrangements. This book has been approved by the main administration of the Ministry of Railroads for use as a textbook for railroad transport technical schools in the specialization: "Energy Supply and Railroad Transport Energy Economics." It may also prove useful for technical engineering workers connected with the planning and operation of telemechanic and automatic arrangements. KW - Automation KW - Data communications KW - Dead sections KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Electric power supply KW - Electric power transmission KW - Electric substations KW - Electronic control KW - Electronic control systems KW - Manuals KW - Railroad electrification KW - Rectifiers KW - Remote control KW - Short circuits KW - Telecommunications KW - Textbooks KW - Transformers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31768 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00402030 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - A REPORT ON THE DIMENSIONS OF THE AIRPORT GROUND ACCESS PROBLEM PY - 1969/12 SP - 48 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airport access KW - Baltimore (Maryland) KW - Maryland KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/215370 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00071743 AU - Dulock, V A AU - Kreisberg, H N AU - Plotkin, S E AU - TRW Systems Group TI - HIGH-SPEED GROUND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS ENGINEERING STUDY. SUSPENDED MONORAIL DYNAMIC STUDY PY - 1969/12 SP - 89 p. AB - The report documents the results of work directed towards examining the potential for high speed operation of the Safege suspended monorail configuration. A three-dimensional multi-degree-of-freedom dynamic model of the vehicle is developed and tested under varying ride conditions. Systems parameters, such as cabin weight, damping rates, spring constants, etc., are varied in order to gauge their individual and combined effects on the vehicle's ability to meet specified ride comfort standards. A configuration capable of maintaining these standards at velocities of 150 mph is documented. (Author) KW - Monorail transportation KW - Passenger comfort KW - Ride quality KW - Safege system KW - Suspended vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/17785 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00407494 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - LAR APPLIANCES, METHODS, AND SYSTEMS PY - 1969/11 SP - 77 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Laws and legislation KW - Railroads KW - Signaling KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/220563 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00220912 AU - Schoppert, D W AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - A PROGRAM DEFINITION STUDY FOR RAIL - HIGHWAY GRADE CROSSING IMPROVEMENT PY - 1969/10 AB - THE STUDY IDENTIFIES AVAILABLE INFORMATION WITH RESPECT TO THE COST OF ACCIDENTS AND MOTOR VEHICLE OPERATIONS, AS WELL AS THE PREPARATION OF ESTIMATES OF THE NUMBER OF CROSSINGS RELATED TO THE VOLUME OF TRAIN MOVEMENTS AND THE VOLUME OF VEHICLE TRAFFIC. FROM THESE ESTIMATES, THE NUMBER OF CROSSINGS AT WHICH IMPROVEMENTS WOULD YIELD BENEFITS IN EXCESS OF COSTS WAS ESTIMATED, TOGETHER WITH THE REDUCTION IN ACCIDENTS WHICH THOSE IMPROVEMENTS COULD BE EXPECTED TO BRING. A FIVE-YEAR PROGRAM OF STUDY IS DEVELOPED RELATED TO TO POLICY FORMULATION, PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION AND RESEARCH; ALSO, IT IDENTIFIES AND DESCRIBES PROJECTS WHICH CAN BE INITIATED AS ACTION PROGRAMS, RESEARCH AND SPECIAL STUDIES. THIS INCLUDES A RECOMMENDED PROGRAM TO CORRECT DATA DEFICIENCIES AND DEVELOP A COMPREHENSIVE INFORMATION SYSTEM. /AUTHOR/ KW - Costs KW - Crashes KW - Definitions KW - Estimates KW - Improvements KW - Motor vehicles KW - Programs KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Railroad trains KW - Traffic volume UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/109193 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00071744 AU - Pardee, F S AU - Kirkwood, T F AU - Kraemer, K L AU - MacCrimmon, K R AU - Miller, J R AU - RAND Corporation TI - MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS PY - 1969/09 SP - 470 p. AB - The report discusses primarily work on the following topics: (1) Identification, hierarchical structuring, definition and measurement of individual attributes contributing to the overall effectiveness of transportation system; and (2) Methodology for aggregating or combining and value derived from individual attributes to arrive at measures of aggregate incremental benefit (this involves research on query techniques as well as extensions in the application of utility theory). (Author) KW - Research KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation KW - Transportation research KW - Transportation systems analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/17786 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190367 AU - Transport Publishing House TI - RULES OF THE DEPOT REPAIR OF DIESEL LOCOMOTIVES OF THE TYPE TE3 AND TE10 T2 - PRAVILA DEPOVSKOGO REMONTA TEPLOVOZOV TIPA TE3 I TE10 PY - 1969 SP - 312 p. AB - This book presents general information on the fusing, welding, heat treatment, and fastening of parts during diesel locomotive repair. Detailed treatment is given to preventive inspections, minor periodic repairs, major periodic repairs, and "lift" repairs of the diesel locomotives. Appendix 1 deals with size tolerances of parts and components; appendix 2 deals with performance requirements for rheostatic tests of TE3 and TE10 diesel locomotives following depot and unplanned repair; appendix 3 deals with test requirements of electrical machines on the diesel locomotives; appendix 4 deals with technical conditions for acceptance of fuel pumps and test stand testing; appendix 5 deals with component and system lubrication; and appendix 6 deals with parts subject to ultrasonic or magnetic checking during depot repair of type TE3 and TE10 diesel locomotives. KW - Automobile repair shops KW - Diesel electric locomotives KW - Diesel engines KW - Diesel locomotives KW - Locomotive maintenance KW - Locomotives KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Maintenance practices KW - Maintenance shops KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Reconstruction KW - Repair shops KW - Russia (Federation) KW - Technology KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82360 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00130268 JO - Publication of: USSR Ministry of Railways PB - USSR Ministry of Railways AU - Tsepushelov, A AU - Naumov, A AU - USSR Ministry of Railways TI - HANDBOOK FOR THE CORRECTION OF RAILWAY TRACK ON HEAVING GROUND T2 - INSTRUKTSIIA PO ISPRAVLENIIU ZHELEZNODOROZHNOGO PUTI NA PUCHINAKH PY - 1969 SP - p. 65 AB - A heaving is considered to be a local intense rise of a deformation of the position of the track in transverse and longitudinal profile, arising as the result of the heaving of frozen soils of the roadbed and the ballast layer. Heaving develops as the result of increases in the volume of the frozen soil of the roadbed or the ballast layer as the result of freezing of water in it and the formation of icy impurities in the form of a lens, interlayer, or streak. The icy impurities are formed from water contained in the soil or in the ballast layer below the freezing and advancing into the freezing layer from the contiguous zones of the uniform soil. The chapters cover such topics as the technical requirements for the correction of the track on heaving, heaving blocks and spikes, regulations for the application of heaving blocks and spikes, fundamental rules for the correction of the track on heavings, means for the correction of the track, composition of the measuring work (with ranging rods), work procedures during heaving; work procedures during settlement of the heavings by means of gradual lowering, and finally, work procedures during settling of the heaving by means of incrementation. KW - Ballast KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Deformation KW - Freezing KW - Frost heaving KW - Railroad tracks KW - Soil water KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Track deformation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37430 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00130266 JO - Transportnoye Stroitel'stvo PB - Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga AU - Smirnov, V N AU - Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga TI - INSTALLATION OF A PIPE-TYPE FOUNDATION FOR BRIDGE PIER T2 - SOORUZHENIE STOLBCHATOGO FUNDAMENTA MOSTOVOI OPORY PY - 1969 IS - 3 SP - p. 12-14 AB - During the construction of the foundation of a large railroad bridge on one of the northern rivers the builders encountered a series of difficulties connected to the construction of boreholes of 1.6 diameter in the rock base of the casings. In the river bed the rock type had a sloping surface, making the process of drilling the boreholes difficult, because in the gaps between the blade of the small and the surface of the rock the loose soil flowed in intensively during drilling. The foundation was projected as lying upon thirteen pipe castings. The most effective method for the construction of the boreholes in the base of the casings, in the presence of loose pressuring of the blade of the casing on the rock and the intensive flowing in of sand into the borehole, was the application of a metallic tube in conjunction with the concrete lock of the pipe. Boreholes were drilled by these means in the foundations of all remaining casings. KW - Abutments KW - Boreholes KW - Bridge construction KW - Bridge foundations KW - Bridge piers KW - Bridges KW - Casings KW - Casings (Materials) KW - Construction KW - Foundations KW - Geological conditions KW - Geological events KW - Piers (Supports) KW - Piers (Wharves) KW - Piles (Supports) KW - Pipe KW - Railroad bridges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36700 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00130255 JO - Transportnoye Stroitel'stvo PB - Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga AU - Solodovnikov, B I AU - Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga TI - CONSTRUCTION OF THE ROADBED WITH DEGRADATION OF PERMAFROST T2 - SOORUZHENIE ZEMLIANOGO POLOTNA S DEGRADATSIEI VECHNOI MERZLOTY PY - 1969 IS - 3 SP - p. 40-42 AB - The condition of the roadbed on one of the long-term conservation railroad sections in the Far East attests convincingly to the possibility of constructing a roadbed with permafrost degradation. This line passes through slanting terraces, going across into a contour of low, rounded, isolated hills, covered, in places, as a rule, by turfed horizontal or sloping stretches with numerous small knolls or ridges with swampy patches between, covered by dense growth, with separate thermal karst valleys and hillocks of heaving. The average yearly temperature of the air is 3.8 degrees C.; the air temperature oscillates within the limits of -53.5 degree and +33 degree. Strong solar radiation is observed. The possibility of constructing a roadbed with permafrost degradation here shows promise of year-around building in similar circumstances with normal construction techniques. The increase of the volume of earth work upon the supplementary enlargement of the embankment and the replacement from the settlement of hidden soils of the foundation does not exceed the analogous increase of the volumes of soil on the pourings off of the road shoulder, and also the required over estimation of the height of the embankment during construction with preservation of the permafrost. Manual labor is fully excluded, which is inescapable in the construction of turf heat-insulating coverings. The reliability of the roadbed in operation is guaranteed inasmuch as the possible settlements are reckoned into the constructions of the roadbed, and the reversibility of frost processes and soil freezing of the embankment below cannot cause random deformations. KW - Construction projects KW - Degradation KW - Embankments KW - Freezing KW - Insulation blankets KW - Permafrost KW - Railroad transportation KW - Road construction KW - Soil freezing KW - Soils KW - Subgrade (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36693 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130036 AU - USSR Ministry of Railways AU - USSR Ministry of Communications TI - RULES FOR THE PROTECTION OF WIRE COMMUNICATION ARRANGEMENTS FROM THE INFLUENCE OF DIRECT CURRENT ELECTRIC RAILROAD TRACTIVE NETWORK. PART I T2 - PRAVILA ZASHCHITY USTROISTV PROVODNOI SVIAZI OT VLIIANIIA TIAGOVOI SETI ELEKTRICHESKIKH ZHELEZNYKH DOROG POSTOIANNOGO TOKA. CHAST 1 PY - 1969 SP - 46 p. AB - The "Rules" were first published in 1948; however, new theoretical and experimental research on the influence of direct current electric railroads on conductance communication chains carried out in the CNIIMPS and CNIIS, as well as the need for practical protection of such arrangements, led to the necessity for reworking the active "Rules". The new "Rules" emphasize the dependency of noise tension in communication chains on dissymetry of phase tensions in high voltage lines feeding the rectifying arrangements of tractive substations, and gives schemata for new improved sliding arrangements. This led to the formation of a new methodology for calculating interference tensions inducted in the tonal frequency chains from harmonic components of the rectified current in the tractive network; corrected norms for interference tensions are given. Part I of "Rules" relates to the protection of the tonal frequency range of the tonal network. For the lowering of interference influences in high frequency communication channels (pending the publication of Part II) the present Part I advises the turning on of a condenser with 10 microfarad capacitance between positive busbar of each mercury arc rectifier and the external circuit of the substation grounding. Contents include: definition and application of rules; fundamental concepts and definitions; dangerous and interference currents; norms of interference tensions and currents; requirements for electrical traction mechanisms; basic indications for calculation of interference tensions and currents and calculation formulas; and finally, basic indications for calculation of tensions and formulas conditioned by galvanic influence. The nine appendices provide additional, specialized information. KW - Communications KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Electric substations KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Inductive interference KW - Phase angles KW - Power factor KW - Power factor (Electricity) KW - Railroad electrification KW - Rectifiers KW - Specifications KW - Telecommunications KW - Traffic signal phases UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31776 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00130252 JO - Vestnik Ts.N.I.I PB - USSR Ministry of Railways AU - Mamontov, Iu A AU - Nevskii, V A AU - USSR Ministry of Railways TI - THE EFFECT OF REINFORCEMENT ON THE FROST RESISTANCE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE CROSS TIES T2 - OVLIIANI ARMATURY NA MOROZOSTOIKOST' CTRUNOBETONNYKH SHPAL PY - 1968 IS - 6 SP - p. 48-50 AB - Type C-56 reinforced concrete crossties have been widely utilized on USSR railroads. Observations reveal the generally satisfactory operation of these ties in the track. Nevertheless, on several sections of the North Caucasus road following a 2 to 3 years service the number of defective ties reached 2%. The most widely distributed and dangerous of the crossties defects are a) fissures, b) stripping of the metal at the ends of the ties, c) beating down of the concrete at the end of the tie, and d) transverse fissures on the sleeves. All the above flaws are the result of the same cause, namely the onset and development of fissures. It has been established that the destruction of crossties begins with the appearance of a hairline fissure in the protective layer of concrete over the metal. Then further occurs an intensive expansion of the fissure and its growth in length. When the transverse fissures reach the section beneath the rail the tie is destroyed along the diagonal or normal plane. KW - Concrete KW - Concrete ties KW - Crack propagation KW - Cracking KW - Cross tie deterioration KW - Deterioration KW - Failure analysis KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Prestressed concrete ties KW - Railroad ties UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36691 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130246 AU - Belyayev, I A AU - Transport Publishing House TI - THE INTERACTION OF THE CURRENT COLLECTOR AND THE CATENARY AT HIGH SPEEDS OF TRAFFIC T2 - VZAIMODEISTVIE TOKOPRIEMNIKA I KONTAKTNOI SETI PRI VYSOKIKH SKOROSTIAKH DVIZHENIIA PY - 1968 SP - 160 p. AB - This book lays out the results of research into several problems of the interaction between the current collector and the catenary network at high traffic speeds. The construction fulfillment of the catenary suspension and current collectors intended for high-speed traffic is described, and practical recommendations for their operation are given. National and foreign experience are reflected. The book is intended for engineering workers connected with the design and operation of the catenary network and the rolling stock of electrified railroads. The chapters are: (1) Current Removal from the Aerial Catenary Network: (2) Dynamic Parameter of the Catenary Suspension and the Current Collector: (3) Experimental Research into the Interaction of the Current Collector and the Catenary Network at High Speeds; (4) The Construction and Parameters of the Catenary Suspension Intended for High Speeds; finally (5) Current Collectors of High-Speed Electric Rolling Stock. KW - Catenaries (Railroads) KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Electric locomotives KW - Electric power collection KW - Electric power generation and transmission KW - High speed rail KW - Locomotive design KW - Locomotives KW - Pantographs KW - Railroad electrification KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31902 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130033 AU - Beneshevich AU - Ovlasiuk, VIa AU - Lisitsyn, V M AU - Suchoprudskii, N D AU - Shalimov, M G AU - Transport Publishing House TI - AUTOMATION AND REMOTE CONTROL OF THE POWER SUPPLY APPARATUS OF ELECTRIC RAILROADS T2 - AVTOMATIZATSIIA I TELEMEKHANIZATSIIA USTROISTV ENERGOSNABZHENIIA ELEKTRICHESKIKH ZHELEZNYKH DOROG PY - 1968 SP - 352 p. AB - This book has been written according to the program of the course: "Fundamentals of automatics, automation, and remote control by means of electrical railroad electrical supply arrangements", which is studied at the faculties of "Railroad Transport Electrification" at the railroad transport institutes for the specialization: "Electrical Railroad Energy Supply". The book examines the fundamentals of automatics and telemechanics, as well as the automated and telemechanized arrangements employed for the control of electric railroad electrical supply systems. Basic attention is drawn to the elements, assemblies, and schemata of arrangements found in the widest utilization in automatics and telemechanics of electrical railroads. The problems of transfer of telemechanized information are closely examined. Principles of construction and utilization are continually cited along with the description of concrete mechanisms. The book is approved by the Main Administrative Educational Institutions of the Ministry of Railroads as a textbook for higher educational railroad transport institutions, and may also be utilized by technical engineering workers concerned with the planning and operation of electric railroad electrical supply arrangements. KW - Automation KW - Electric power supply KW - Electric power transmission KW - Manuals KW - Railroad electrification KW - Remote control KW - Textbooks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31770 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130245 AU - Belyayev, I A AU - Transport Publishing House TI - THE INTERACTION OF THE CURRENT COLLECTOR AND THE CATENARY AT HIGH SPEEDS OF TRAFFIC T2 - VZAIMODEISTVIE TOKOPRIEMNIKA I KONTAKTNOI SETI PRI VYSOKIKH SKOROSTIAKH DVIZHENIIA PY - 1968 SP - 160 p. AB - This covers the following topics: Means of measurement; The registration of movements in the upper hinge of the rolling frame of the current collector in relation to the foundation, the registration of vertical movements of the runner of the current collector in relation to the upper hinge of the movable chassis, the registration of the height of the runner above the foundation of the current collector, the registration of displacements of the catenary lead relative to the middle of the runner, the registration of vertical accelerations of the runner, the registration of the current of the contact of the runner- lead (of the catenary depression), the registration of the destruction of the contact between the separate plates of the runner and the catenary lead, the registration of the aerodynamical lift forces of the current collector, the registration of vertical movements of the vehicle in relation to parts without springs; the registration of fulcrums, the registration of vertical movements of the catenary lead in span, the railcar laboratory for the research of the interaction of the current collector and the catenary network, the general measuring circuit of the railcar laboratory and the constructional fulfillment of the railcar laboratory. Includes supplementary figures. KW - Aerodynamic lift KW - Catenaries (Railroads) KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Electric locomotives KW - Electric power collection KW - Electric power generation and transmission KW - Equipment tests KW - High speed rail KW - Inspection cars KW - Measuring instruments KW - Pantographs KW - Railroad electrification KW - Test cars KW - Test equipment KW - Test vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31900 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130037 AU - USSR Ministry of Railways TI - MAINTENANCE RULES FOR CATENARY NETWORK OF ELECTRIFIED RAILROADS T2 - PRAVILA SODERZHANIIA KONTAKTNOI SETI ELEKTRIFITSIROVANNYKH ZHELEZNYKH DOROG PY - 1968 SP - 97 p. AB - These rules are intended for workers concerned with operational maintenance of catenary network arrangements, transmission lines, and aerial lines; and can also be utilized by students of the higher educational institutions and technical schools. Specifically, the pamphlet covers direct and alternating current catenary network arrangements; 6-35 kV transmission lines, operated by the energy feeding section, installed upon catenary network and separately standing bearings; and aerial lines of tension as high as 400 v mounted on the catenary network bearing. The rules are not intended for transmission lines of the automatic blocking system. The contents include: technical norms for operational maintenance of catenary network arrangements transmission lines and aerial lines; types of catenary suspensions; conductor parameters; wear and tear; distribution of conductors; isolators; cross braces; locks and electrical connectors; central anchoring; conductor inserts and joints; load compensators and conductor anchoring; grounding; protections against short circuit currents, overload, and burnouts; intersection of catenary network conductors by conductors of other aerial lines; protective arrangements and safeguards. The appendices cover; tables for determination of wear and tear of the catenary conductor independently of cross section height measurement methods and analysis of wear and tear of catenary conductors on electrified railroads: Finally, rules of operational maintenance and protection against corrosion of concrete and iron bearings of the catenary network. KW - Catenaries (Railroads) KW - Contact wire KW - Electric power supply KW - Electrochemical corrosion KW - High voltage KW - Maintenance practices KW - Operating rules KW - Overvoltage KW - Protection KW - Protective devices KW - Railroad electrification KW - Safety KW - Safety equipment KW - Sectioning KW - Short circuits KW - Textbooks KW - Transmission lines KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31778 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130215 AU - USSR Ministry of Railways TI - LEADING TECHNICAL MATERIALS: CLASSIFICATION OF RAIL DEFECTS AND DAMAGE RTM 32/TSP-1-66; CATALOG OF RAIL DEFECTS AND DAMAGE RTM 32/TSP-2-66; INDICATIONS OF DEFECTIVE AND DANGEROUSLY DEFECTIVE RAILS RTM 32/TSP-3-66 T2 - PUKOVODIASHCHIE TEKHNICHESKIE MATERIALY KLASSIFIKATSIIA DEFEKTOV I POVREZHDENII REL'SOV RTM 32/TSP-1-66; KATALOG DEFEKTOV I POVREZHDENII REL'SOV RTM 32/TSP-2-66; PRIZNAKI DEFEKTNIKH I OSTRODEFEKTNYKH REL'SOV RTM 32-TSP-3-66 PY - 1967 SP - 64 p. AB - The technical material presented in three reports on rail flaws: (1) The classification of defects and rail flaws intended for identification for statistical evaluation of rails removed from track due to development of defects; rails are classified according to their appearance and type of defect with methods of appraisal being explained. (2) Catalog of defects and rail flaws. (3) Signs of defective and "sharp" flaws. (4) References provide extensive visual and statistical information. The pamphlet is illustrated with photographs of defects and flaws, including specific descriptions and careful classification. KW - Classification KW - Defects KW - Inspection KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail flaws KW - Railroad tracks KW - Statistics KW - Track inspection UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31870 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130212 AU - USSR Ministry of Railways TI - USSR RAILROAD LITERATURE, 1965 T2 - ZHELEZNODOROZHNAIA LITERATURA SSSR, 1965 PY - 1967 SP - 432 p. AB - Railroad Transport Literature 1965 is a regular publication of the annual bibliographical indexes of literature issued by the USSR Ministry of Railroads. This index presents, as do the previous ones issued in 1940 and 1940-64, literature on the condition and development of railroad transportation in the U.S.S.R., loading production experience, and the most important technical-economic problems of transport. The literature published in 1965 reflected the tasks of railroad transport in the light of the decision of the 23rd conference of the USSR Communist Party and its programs, especially regarding fulfillment of the seven-year plan (1959-65); the index includes railroad transport literature published abroad, as well as literature published in the USSR during 1965 and the end of 1964. The annual presents local as well as central publications of the organizations of the Ministry of Railroads, central administrations, planning organizations, scientific research institutes, scientific-technical societies, higher educational institutions, road enterprises, etc., and also work on railroad transport published by various non-transport organizations. The index includes descriptions of books, articles from collections, journals, and continuing publications such as "Labors", "Scientific Notes", etc., separate chapters, of books, rationalization propositions, materials for the exchange of experience, standards, norms, authors' documentation and patents for inventions, translations, papers, and overviews of foreign literature. Not included in the index are materials of a methodological educational character for higher and middle educational institutions and networks which prepare cadres for the mass professions, and also posters. KW - Bibliographies KW - Documentation KW - Documents KW - Economics KW - Former Soviet Union KW - History KW - Information exchange KW - Information organization KW - Patents KW - Railroads KW - Specifications KW - Technology KW - Traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31863 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133411 AU - Kogan, A Y AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - LONGITUDINAL FORCES IN RAILROAD TRACK PY - 1967 SP - 218 p. AB - The work is devoted to the theory of design computations for track subjected to thermal and creep forces. The theory of longitudinal forces and displacements arising in continuous welded rail (CWR) track due to temperature changes is mathematically developed. A description of results of experimental investigations of the operation of CWR track is given, with the subsequent determination of parameters and functions which characterize the behavior of the track under the influence of temperature changes. Results of investigations of longitudinal forces in CWR track resulting from moving trains are presented. The work contains an investigation of railroad track stability. The problem is solved in a nonlinear formulation, under assumption that the rail is subjected to passive loads without any restrictions on the dependence of these quantities on the corresponding displacements. KW - Calculation KW - Computation KW - Creep properties KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Differential equations KW - Dislocation (Geology) KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Force KW - Former Soviet Union KW - Mathematical models KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroads KW - Relaxation (Mechanics) KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Stresses KW - Structural design KW - Temperature KW - Theory KW - Thermal stresses KW - Track design KW - Track response investigations KW - Track stability KW - Track stress KW - Train track dynamics KW - Translations KW - Welded rail UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41522 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130254 AU - Rumiantsev, E A AU - Transport Publishing House TI - FROZEN AND WARM BELTS AND THERMAL AMELIORATION OF ICED-OVER SECTIONS T2 - MERZLOTNYE I TEPLOVYE POIASA I TEPLOVAIA MELIORATSIIA NALEDNYKH UCHASTKOV PY - 1966 SP - p. 55-71 AB - This report reaches the following conclusions: (1) The thermal process of the belt is determined mainly by the strength of the snow covering. In the absence of snow covering or in the case of its systematical recession the belt operates as a frost, accelerating the freezing of the soil and the formation of the frost crosspiece, especially in low air temperatures. In the absence of sufficient snow covering strength the belt operates as heating. (2) A cause for the defrosting of the permafrost soil under especially wide frost belts is the destruction of the natural thermafrost operation of the soil as the result of removing the peat-growing covering on the sections adjacent to the belt, and the lack of a systematic cleaning of the belt of snow. (3) Frost belts with a width of 1-2 m., and, in austere climatic condition over 0.6m., ensure reliable, quick, and sufficiently deep freezing of the soil and formation of the frost groove. Work and means expenditure for cleaning such belts of snow are brought down to the minimum. (4) Frost belts wider than 2 m. require greater outlays for maintenance. These outlays are sometimes so large that it becomes expedient to apply other means for controlling ice. (5) Taking into account devices which lead water off in the permafrost region, and the fact that this changes the thermal behavior of the soil, as well as the fact that widths of up to 2 m. ensure necessary freezing intensity of the soil beneath them, it is expedient to use raised channels as frost belts. (6) If, according to local conditions, it is possible to create a strong snow covering over a belt with the help of snow-retaining nets, it is expedient to apply heat belts. (7) During planning of the mechanisms on frozen sections it is necessary to produce, in addition to hydraulic, technical heat calculations for the definition of a thermal behavior of the soil and changes of behavior of the subterranean water. KW - Belts KW - Freezing KW - Frozen soils KW - Heat insulating materials KW - Insulation blankets KW - Manual safety belts KW - Permafrost KW - Permafrost regions KW - Railroad transportation KW - Snow KW - Snow and ice control KW - Soil stabilization KW - Thermal properties UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/33454 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130059 AU - Koptev, A AU - Transport Publishing House TI - INSTALLATION OF ALTERNATING CURRENT CATENARY NETWORK EXPERIENCE OF THE ENGINEERING AND INSTALLATION TRAIN T2 - MONTAZH KONTAKTNOI SETI PEREMENNOGO TOKA. OPYT KOLLEKTIVA, STROITEL'NA MONTOAZHNOG POEZDA PY - 1965 SP - 148 p. AB - This book presents the makeup and general work organization for assembly of the alternating current catenary network. (1) "Basic means and apparatus" discusses parameters and norms, quality control of bearings, transport of materials and equipment on railroad runs and stations, work production methods, preparation of catenary network for operation. (2) "Supporting arrangement assembly" presents mounting of cantilevers, corbels for 25 kV. specified track conductor feeders, reverse current, stiff and flexible cross bars, spilicing, combined methods, cross braces and carrier anchorings. (4) "Regulation of chain suspensions on railroad runs" includes mounting central anchorings, mounting locks with regulation of zigzags, catenary conductor height, and electrical joints. (5) "Assembly and regulation of catenary networks at stations" covers aerial switches, fixed spans, simple suspension, unrolling, anchoring, and interlinking without setting carrying cable on bearings, replacing chain suspension of outgoing sidings on extensions and sorting routes. (6) "Installation of sectioning apparat includes feeding and sectioning layout, mounting aerial intervals and sectioning isolators and disconnecting switches, remote control cables and coupling. (7) "Grounding bearings of catenary network and lightning protection" covers mounting individual groundings of bearings, group groundings, and tubular dischargers. (8) "Assembly of 25 kV. transmission line conductors, feeding conductors, and reverse current conductors includes assembly of complete transformer substations, feeding, outlet and reverse current conductors, and intermediate conductors across railroad paths. (9) "Assembly of catenary suspensions in synthetic constructions" includes bridges, tunnels, viaducts, and signal bridges. (10) "AC and DC catenary network junctions" covers distribution grouping points and feeding traction lines. Finally, (11) "Preparation for construction and components for catenary network in mechanical workshops" discusses cross brace production and making up a set of locks. KW - Catenaries (Railroads) KW - Construction projects KW - Contact wire KW - Dead sections KW - Ground currents KW - Insulating materials KW - Insulators KW - Lightning arrestors KW - Planning KW - Railroad electrification KW - Sectioning KW - Transmission lines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31819 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144454 AU - USSR Council of Ministers TI - TIMBER CROSSTIES FOR WIDE-GAUGE RAILROADS GOST 78-65, GROUP K23-OFFICIAL PUBLICATION T2 - SHAPALY DEREVIANNYE DLIA ZHELEZNYKH DOROG SHIROKOI KOLEI GOST 78-65 GRUPPA K-23 IZDANIE OFITSIAL'NOE PY - 1965 SP - 7 p. AB - Three types of wooden crossties for wide gauge railroads are produced, depending on their designation: I - for main tracks; II - for station and approach tracks; III - for lightly used tracks of industrial enterprises. According to cross-section configuration, crossties are of two types: A (trimmed) - cut on four sides; B (non-trimmed) - cut on two opposite sides only. Their dimensions are given in Table 1. The moisture content should not exceed 22% abs. The length of crossties has to be 2750 mm. They are made from the following woods: pine, spruce, fir, larch, cedar, beech and birch. Technical specifications are given in tabular form. The quality of impregnation has to satisfy requirements of GOST 5430-50. Inspection, marking, transportation and storage procedures are described. KW - Creosote KW - Creosoting KW - Railroad ties KW - Specifications KW - Wood preservatives KW - Wood ties KW - Wooden cross ties UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62761 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00130248 JO - Publication of: USSR Ministry of Railways PB - USSR Ministry of Railways AU - Brediuk, G P AU - USSR Ministry of Railways TI - CONTROL OF FROST DEFORMATION OF SOIL ROADBEDS ON SIBERIAN RAILROADS T2 - BOR'BA S MERZLOTNYMI DEFORMATSIIAMI ZEBLIANOGO POLOTNA NA ZHELEZNYKH DOROGAKH SIBIRI PY - 1964 SP - p. 137-154 AB - Success in controlling frost deformations of the roadbed and an increase in the technical level of planning result in great degree from the extensive data received from geological engineering research. The latter must lead to a great differentiation of natural conditions corresponding to the regions. Special attention should be paid to the conditions and the nature of the freezing and secretion of the soils. The regions of deep seasonal freezing must be related to complex conditions. Planning, construction, and operation of the roadbed in such regions is based upon special requirements and norms which can be with practical experience. This report discusses the following topics: distribution and character of frost deformations on the roadbed; frost phenomena in the soil and their dependence on natural factors; the experience of the struggle to control heaving formations on West Siberian railroads; asbestos ballast as a mean of fighting frost deformation, and recommendations for applying anti-heave measures. Report notes that some drainages are incapable of preventing heave formations on new lines; asbestos ballast can be a means of controlling heaving; and grooves should not be used in the capacity of self-sufficient anti-heaving measures. KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Drainage KW - Freezing KW - Frost heaving KW - Geological conditions KW - Geological events KW - Insulation blankets KW - Low temperature KW - Soil mechanics KW - Soil water KW - Subgrade (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37422 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144456 AU - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst TI - LABORATORY TESTS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE TIES (SECTION 1) T2 - LABORATORNYE ISPYTANIIA ZHELEZOBETONNYKH SHPAL (RAZDEL I) PY - 1963 SP - p. 41-52 AB - Testing of concrete ties has attempted to verify design assumptions, utilizing both new and used ties. Among the factors studied: Loads producing cracks, loads destroying ties; characteristics and dimensions of permanent deformation of the tie and elastic deformations and stresses of ties. Testing includes simulation of the ballast under the tie base, and the application of static and pulsating loads. Determinations of fatigue life and bending moment are explained. KW - Concrete KW - Concrete ties KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Failure KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue life KW - Railroad ties KW - Test facilities KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/65262 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00130261 JO - Publication of: Institute of Railway Transportation Engineers PB - Institute of Railway Transportation Engineers AU - Bol'shakov, S M AU - Institute of Railway Transportation Engineers TI - THE STRUGGLE AGAINST ICE LAYERS ON THE TAISHET-LENA RAILROAD T2 - BOR'BA S NALEDIAMI NA ZHELEZNOI DOROGE TAISHET-LENA PY - 1961 SP - p. 99-114 AB - The data encompasses the period of observation from 1947 to 1960 and includes materials from special research begun in 1958 with a view to illuminating peculiarities of the development of ice layers and their negative influence on railroad construction in bleak northerly conditions of East Siberia. Ice layers within the limits of the Taishet-Lena railroad are extensive. Over the research period 104 spots were noticed, although this figure had grown from 42 to 63 to the present number. They were distributed along the entire line, but the overwhelming majority were in the eastern half of the line. This was explained by the presence of specific physical geographical and geological conditions conducive to the development of ice formation processes. The basic ones are a bleak climate, the presence of insular perennial permafrost, the increase of the water bearing ability of the rocks, and a richness of exits for the sources of the subterranean waters onto the diurnal surface. KW - Frost heaving KW - Geological conditions KW - Geological events KW - Low temperature KW - Permafrost KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Water table UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37424 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00130250 JO - Put' i Putevoye Khozyaistvo PB - Ministerstvo Putei Soobshcheniya SSSR AU - Zarubin, N E AU - Ministerstvo Putei Soobshcheniya SSSR TI - ELIMINATION OF EMBANKMENT SEDIMENTS T2 - USTRANENIE OSADOK NASYPEI PY - 1960 SP - p. 15-16 AB - In the Trans-Siberian, Trans-Baikal, and Far East roads located in permafrost regions, embankment sediments are widely distributed. Two types of sediments can be distinguished. The first type consists of soils in the embankment foundations, in the form of loams, sandy loams, and turf located at a certain depth (2.5-3.5 m.) in permafrost conditions or underlying more stable ground: sand, conglomerate rock. The second type of sediment is distributed mainly on sections with heavy masses closely deposited on the surface of ice-impregnated permafrost soils. Sediments of this type occur as well as the result of the compression of heavily moistened soils of the foundation. KW - Embankments KW - Ice KW - Loam KW - Permafrost KW - Permafrost regions KW - Railroad transportation KW - Sediments KW - Soil classification KW - Soil mechanics KW - Soil types KW - Soil water KW - Turf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36690 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133413 AU - Wasiutynski, A AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON FLEXURE DISTORTION AND STRESS IN RAILROAD SUPERSTRUCTURE PY - 1937 SP - 221 p. AB - Experimental research on flexure, distortion and stress in railroad track structures is described herein. Report undertaken with object of comparing the effect on track of several types of high-speed locomotives for passenger trains. The improved photographic method used to record movements of selected points in different parts of the superstructure makes it possible to measure both flexure distortion and stress at these points with great precision, while avoiding certain shortcomings found in other familiar methods. The data presented in this report was developed prior to 1936 and is offered in a historical context only. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Ballast KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Compressive properties KW - Compressive strength KW - Data collection KW - Distortion KW - Distortion (Structures) KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Experimental data KW - Flexing KW - Flexure KW - French language KW - High speed rail KW - History KW - Locomotives KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Meetings KW - Rail fasteners KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Recording KW - Stresses KW - Structural design KW - Test tracks KW - Track design KW - Track response investigations KW - Train track dynamics KW - Translations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41524 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01522387 AU - Marquis, Brian AU - LeBlanc, Jon AU - Tajaddini, Ali AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - Vehicle Track Interaction Safety Standards PY - SP - 10p AB - Vehicle/Track Interaction (VTI) Safety Standards aim to reduce the risk of derailments and other accidents attributable to the dynamic interaction between moving vehicles and the track over which they operate. On March 13, 2013, the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) published a final rule titled “Vehicle/Track Interaction Safety Standards; High-Speed and High Cant Deficiency Operations” which amended the Track Safety Standards (49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 213) and the Passenger Equipment Safety Standards (49 CFR Part 238) in order to promote VTI safety under a variety of conditions at speeds up to 220 mph. Among its main accomplishments, the final rule revises standards for track geometry and enhances qualification procedures for demonstrating vehicle trackworthiness to take advantage of computer modeling. To help understand the differences in performance requirements (design constraints) being placed on the design of passenger equipment suspensions throughout the world, comparisons have been made between FRA safety standards and similar standards used internationally (Europe, Japan, and China) in terms of both allowable track geometry deviations and the criteria that define acceptable vehicle performance (VTI safety limits). In addition to these comparisons, an overview of the new FRA qualification procedures which are used for demonstrating vehicle trackworthiness is provided in this paper. U1 - 2014 Joint Rail ConferenceAmerican Society of Mechanical EngineersIEEEAmerican Society of Civil EngineersColorado Springs,Colorado,United States StartDate:20140402 EndDate:20140404 Sponsors:American Society of Mechanical Engineers, IEEE, American Society of Civil Engineers KW - Design standards KW - Geometry KW - International KW - Railroad safety KW - Railroad tracks KW - Simulation KW - Track geometry KW - Train track dynamics KW - United States KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/51000/51500/51595/JRC2014-3872_Vehicle_Track_Interaction.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1306566 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130308 AU - USSR Ministry of Railways TI - COMPARATIVE FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRIC AND DIESEL TRACTION T2 - OSNOVNYE POLOZHENIIA SRAVNENIIA ELEKTRICHESKOI I DIZEL'NOI TIAGI PY - SP - 6 p. AB - This report consists entirely of fifteen fundamental points of comparison of electric and diesel traction. Inasmuch as steam traction is significantly behind electric and diesel according to technical economic indices and its fraction in train operations is below 1%, the economic basis of railroad electrification consists in the comparison of electric and diesel. The choice of traction is a task which determines the increase of throughput capacity, train speed, and technical economic indices. The comparison is based on calculation, analysis, and comparison of the basic operational and economic indices of each type of power. There are also natural indicators which determine the choice: the locale of the line and the track network, the need for energy resources, locomotives and railcars, passenger service conditions, train speeds, and the conditions of development of energy systems and regional electric supply. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Diesel locomotives KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Electric locomotives KW - Electric power supply KW - Horsepower KW - Line capacity KW - Motive power KW - Operations research KW - Railroad electrification KW - Railroad facility operations KW - Train operations KW - Train performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31984 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00762182 TI - WORKSHOP ON HEAVY AXLE LOADS. PROCEEDINGS PY - SP - v.p. AB - The proceedings contains 24 technical papers presented at the workshop discussing worldwide experiences in the increasing of axle load and the specific results of the series of experiments conducted at the Transportation Test Center of the Assocaition of American Railroads. U1 - Workshop on Heavy Axle Loads. ProceedingsAssociation of American Railroads, International Heavy Haul Association, Federal Railroad Administration, Transportation Test CenterPueblo, Colorado StartDate:19901014 EndDate:19901017 Sponsors:Association of American Railroads, International Heavy Haul Association, Federal Railroad Administration, Transportation Test Center KW - Axle loads KW - Economic factors KW - Field tests KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Laboratory tests KW - Maintenance KW - Performance tests KW - Railroad tracks KW - Standards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/497830 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00321253 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PRELIMINARY REPORT OF RAILROAD ACCIDENTS -INCIDENTS & RESULTING CASUALTIES PY - AB - Release showing persons killed and injured in train accidents, as reported by all railroads. Contains 1 table with data for current quarter and year to date for present and previous year, on the following items: a. Train accidents and accidents per million train miles. B. Persons killed and injured in train and non-train accidents; employees on duty, passengers, employees not on duty, nontrespassers, contractor employees, and trespassers; and casualty rates. C. Highway grade-crossing casualties and rates. KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Safety and security KW - Transportation safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158909 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00321124 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD EMPLOYEE FATILITIES INVESTIGATED BY THE FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION, 1973-PRESENT PY - AB - For each accident included in this report, the following information is given: railroad, location, date, description of accident, circumstances involved in the accident, applicable rules, analysis, and cause. All railroad employee fatalities which resulted from personal injury, railroad related & non-railroad related accidents are investigated in this report. Fatalities occurring during train operations are not included. KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Safety and security KW - Transportation safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158847 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334333 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD FREIGHT TRAFFIC FLOWS 1990 PY - SP - 40 p. AB - This study attempts to identify most probable future railroad flows between major origins and destinations to assist the railroad industry and government in planning to meet future requirements. The study concentrates on 14 major commodity groups, plus one "all other" group with the econometric models based on the 1949-1978 data from the Freight Commodity Statistics, supplemented by railroad data from other sources. Rail-handled coal is expected to more than double between 1978 and 1990, with smaller gains for chemicals, grain, forest products, nonmetallic minerals, pulp and papers, primary metals, grain mill products, transportation equipment and piggyback. Losses are forecast for stone, sand and gravel, iron ore, cement, clay, glass and food products. It is concluded that coal will continue to be the railroads' major item of traffic; that substantial rail traffic will continue to move in the Northeast although that involving New England will be limited; that the Midwest will be marked by increased north-south flows; and that despite mergers the nature of traffic will still involve substantial interline movement. KW - Coal KW - Coal industry KW - Commodity flow KW - Commodity flow patterns KW - Econometric models KW - Forecasting KW - Freight traffic KW - Grain KW - Grain trade KW - Interchanges KW - Long range planning KW - Long term KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Network flows KW - Origin and destination KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic forecasting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164690 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331864 AU - Council of Ministers of the Union of USSR TI - SPECIAL-PURPOSE CONTAINERS: TYPES, BASIC PARAMETERS AND DIMENSIONS--GOST (STATE STANDARD) 19417-74 T2 - KONTEINERY SPETSIALIZIROVANNYE GRUPPOVYE: TIPY, OSNOVNYE PARAMETRY I RAZMERY--GOST 19417-74 PY - SP - 5 p. AB - USSR State Standard GOST 19417-74 covers specialized cargo containers used for hauling solid, granular, and liquid loads; machinery parts; perishables and other products on railroad flat cars and gondolas, small highway trucks, tractor-trailer trucks, and river and oceangoing vessels. This standard meets the requirements of international standard ISO 668. KW - Container design KW - Containerization KW - Containers KW - Design KW - Former Soviet Union KW - Freight handling KW - Intermodal transportation KW - International KW - International standards KW - Railroads KW - Special handling KW - Standardization KW - Standards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164456 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00148717 AU - USSR Ministry of Housebuilding & Communal Economy TI - PRINCIPLES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR URBAN TRANSPORTATION AND THE METHODS USED T2 - PRINTSIPY SOZDANIIA AVTOMATIZIROVANNYKH SISTEM UPRAVLENIIA DVIZHENIEM GORODSKOGO OBSHESTVENNOGO TRANSPORTA I KHARAKTERISTICA ISPOL'ZUEMYKH TEKHNICHESKIKH SREDSTV PY - SP - 21 p. AB - The main goal of controlling urban passenger transportation is satisfying travel needs while utilizing resources with maximum efficiency. Three stages of automated control are evolutionary. Initially dispatcher communications is followed by information display and then the stage which has been achieved: Automated systems of traffic control for individual types of urban transport. The ASSDY-A automated system of control for buses and the ASDY-3 for electrified city transport, streetcars and trolleybuses, can be developed into the ASDY-MT automated system of dispatcher control for routed transport. A separate system for control of taxis also exists. At present the automated system of dispatcher control is being implements in various USSR cities. KW - Automation KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Dispatching KW - Public transit KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Streetcars UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/64366 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00320312 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD ACCIDENT/INCIDENT REPORTING SYSTEM (RAIRS) PY - SP - n.p. AB - The principal data are railroad codes, casualty information, damage costs, location of accident, train speed, weather, and grade crossing information. 1) Accident bulletin: A single bulletin number assigned to each year since 1922, gives brief tables on casualties to persons of all classes of passengers, to employee, to trepassers; Highway grade-crossing accidents, & train accidents. Also further breakdown of accidents by individual railway. 2) Preliminary report of railroad accident/incidents and resulting casualties--published 2 months after cover date. 3) Summary of accidents/incidents reported by all line-haul switching and terminal railroad companies--same data, published 6 months after cover date. (Formerly summary of accidents reported by steam railways, 1924-1966, published by ICC) 4) Rail-Highway grade-crossing accidents/incidents- since 1935, gives time of accidents, type, kind of crossing protection, types, and speeds of vehicle and trains involved, weather conditions, etc. KW - Casualties KW - Crash data KW - Crashes KW - Grade crossing accidents KW - Information systems KW - Passenger safety KW - Passengers KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Railroads KW - Safety and security KW - Statistics KW - Traffic crashes KW - Transportation safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158572 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00320311 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - ACCIDENT DATA, FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION PY - SP - n.p. AB - These tapes include the following information: Train code, district, road number, class of accident, damages to equipment and track, train speed, number of train cars, method of operation, kind of defect, explosives, cause of accident, day of week, hour, weather, part of train struck, crossing and operation protection, visibility, illumination, auto speed, stalled or stopped, motor carrier act, defect or negligence, trespassers killed or hurt, trainmen killed or hurt, other employees on duty killed or hurt, passengers killed or hurt. Summary report is published annually. KW - Annual KW - Casualties KW - Crash data KW - Crash rates KW - Crashes KW - Derailments KW - Employees KW - Explosives KW - Freight trains KW - Grade crossing accidents KW - Hazardous materials KW - Modems KW - Passenger trains KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Safety and security KW - Sets KW - Statistics KW - Traffic crashes KW - Transportation safety KW - Trespassers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158571 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00320289 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - NETWORK TAPE, FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION PY - SP - n.p. AB - This tape cross references the: Railroad number (three digit), Association of American Railroad (AAR) "automatic car identification carrier conversion number" which identifies a carrier: FSAC code which, when combined with the railroad number, uniquely identifies the station: City name where the station from above is located: State abbreviation: SPLC code standard point location code of the form SSCCPP when SS identifies the state, SSCC uniquely identifies the county and the six digits identify the point: Node, FRA railway node in their network. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical techniques KW - Coding systems KW - Geography KW - Information processing KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Standard point location code KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158567 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00320262 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - DOT 10; DIESEL FUEL FORECAST FOR CLASS I RAILROADS PY - SP - n.p. AB - Fuel consumption data is presently reported on an annual basis by individual companies. Quarterly forecasts for diesel fuel needs for Class I Railroads are based upon current consumption trends. KW - Class I railroads KW - Diesel fuels KW - Energy consumption KW - Energy data related to transportation KW - Forecasting KW - Fuel consumption KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Statistics KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158559 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00320313 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - SUMMARY OF ACCIDENTS INVESTIGATED BY THE FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION, 1968-PRESENT PY - SP - n.p. AB - Presents summary data on causes and circumstances of railroad accidents investigated by the Federal Railroad Administration. Contains synopsis and extended table, showing for each accident: A. Railroad involved. B. Time, location, and type (derailment, collision, other). C. Fatalities and injuries. D. Estimated cost of damage to railroad equipment. E. Method of operation, movement involved, equipment derailed, and cause. KW - Annual KW - Casualties KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Derailments KW - Loss and damage KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Safety and security KW - Statistics KW - Transportation safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158573 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00320277 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FORECAST TAPE, FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION PY - SP - n.p. AB - For the years 1972, 1975, 1980, 1990, the tapes contain origin BEA, origin node, destination BEA, destination node, tons shipped BEA to BEA, and tons shipped node to node. KW - Coding systems KW - Commodities KW - Commodity statistics KW - Forecasting KW - Freight traffic KW - Long range planning KW - Long term KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Origin and destination KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Statistics KW - Traffic forecasting KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158566 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00320853 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAIL HIGHWAY GRADE CROSSING ACCIDENT/INCIDENT REPORT PY - SP - n.p. AB - This tape presents results from the Railroad Accident/ Incident Reporting System. There are over 50 fields which include information on location, time, highway user, railroad equipment, environment (weather), train and track, crossing warning, motorist action, and highway vehicle and rail equipment property damage/casualties, 1976. An annual report is also published. KW - Annual KW - Casualties KW - Crash data KW - Crashes KW - Grade crossing accidents KW - Loss and damage KW - Modems KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Safety and security KW - Sets KW - Statistics KW - Traffic crashes KW - Transportation safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158785 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00320264 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - WAYBILL STATISTICS SYSTEM PY - SP - n.p. AB - All Class I line-haul railroads are required to submit the FRA (ICC) copies of all waybills when waybill numbers end with 01. (1% Sample) Sample coverage includes import, export, transit, rebilled, and piggyback traffic. Excluded are shipments weighing less than 10,000 lbs. and moving on less than carload rate on any quantity rates and traffic originating in Mexico and Canada. Principal data elements are serial and waybill number, number of carloads; origin and destination railroads, station and territories; rate types, STCC, weight and revenue, short line mile and AAR car type. Principal Report: 1) (Annual) Carload waybill statistics-presents volume and revenue data for railroad freight shipped within the (USA) during the year, by commodity and by region of shipment origin and destination. 2) Carload waybill analyses, territorial distribution, traffic and revenue by commodity groups (Quarterly) 3) Carload waybill analyses, distribution of freight traffic and revenue averages by commodity groups and rate territories, (Quarterly). KW - Annual KW - Carloadings KW - Commodities KW - Commodity statistics KW - Freight traffic KW - Modems KW - Origin and destination KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Revenues KW - Sets KW - Standard transportation commodity code KW - Statistics KW - Waybill samples UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158560 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00195703 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - ACCIDENT/INCIDENT BULLETIN PY - SP - n.p. AB - Annual publication of FRA Office of Safety containing accident reports and statistics which must be reported by railroads under Federal legislation. First issued in 1971 as Accident Bulletin. KW - Annual KW - Casualties KW - Crash data KW - Crash reports KW - Crashes KW - Derailments KW - Safety KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/85009 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00195702 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAIL-HIGHWAY GRADE-CROSSING ACCIDENTS/INCIDENTS BULLETIN PY - SP - n.p. AB - Annual publication of FRA Office of Safety containing accident reports and statistics of grade crossing accidents. First issued in 1935. KW - Annual KW - Casualties KW - Crash data KW - Crash reports KW - Crashes KW - Grade crossing accidents KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Safety KW - Statistics KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/85008 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00185358 AU - USSR Council of Ministers TI - PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND AUTHORIZATION FOR ITS MANUFACTURE. BASIC PROVISIONS T2 - RAZRABOTKA I POSTANOVKA PRODUCTSII NA PROIZVODSTVO. OSNOVNYE POLOZHENIYA PY - SP - 27 p. AB - The present standard serves as the basis from which Soviet ministries (departments) develop industrial branch and state standards. It establishes the general procedures for the development, coordination, and approval of technical assignments, the appraisal of draft technical documents, the testing of test versions (prototypes), and the conducting of inspection tests of the final products in series and mass production. Addendum 1 explains the procedure for structuring, elaborating, and drawing up technical assignments for the development and manufacture of products on the basis of documentation corresponding to the requirements set forth in standards of the Unified System of Design Documentation (YeSKD). Addendum 2 contains similar information for products developed and produced on the basis of technical documentation not containing design documents. Addendum 3 presents a list of key issues necessitating consideration in the development of standards, as well as in the conducting of inspection testing of series and mass-produced products; it is recommended that these issues also be taken into consideration in the preparation of industrial branch and state standards. Addendum 4 consists of the recommended requisition form for the development and assimilation of a product. Addendum 5 provides the form stating the expert's conclusion on the findings of the appraisal of draft technical documents. Addenda 6, 7, and 8 contain the recommended forms for the report on acceptance tests, the product acceptance documents, and the report of the industrial esthetics council. Addendum 9 provides the form for the report on periodic tests of products. KW - Quality control KW - Russia (Federation) KW - Specifications KW - Standards KW - Technology KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77476 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00183314 AU - Driver, J B AU - Association of American Railroads Research Center TI - PROGRAM MAGIND PY - SP - n.p. AB - This computer program computes the inductive interference on railroad or communication facilities due to transmission lines. The self and mutual inpedances are calculated by Carson's formulae with the frequency equal to 60 Hz. KW - Computer programs KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Inductive interference KW - Public utilities KW - Telecommunications KW - Transmission lines KW - Utilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78704 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00142606 AU - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst TI - CURRENT COLLECTION AT REGULAR AND HIGH SPEEDS AS WELL AS AT THE PASSAGE OF A LARGE NUMBER OF TRAINS PY - SP - 6 p. AB - Soviet Railways evaluate the effectiveness of current collection by the sparking, heating of the pantograph shoe inserts and, primarily, the wear of the contact wire and shoe inserts. Analysis of the causes of wear for any type of traffic is followed by special problems resulting from high speeds, DC and AC systems, insert materials, high current demand, heavy traffic and passage of mutliple pantographs. Metallurgy of the contact wire is also discussed, along with catenary details for lines with frequent, heavy trains. KW - Catenaries (Railroads) KW - Contact wire KW - Heating KW - Pantographs KW - Railroad electrification KW - Service life KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/61962 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00142601 AU - Kolotushkin, S A AU - Poroshin, V L AU - USSR Ministry of Railways TI - INVESTIGATING THE GROWTH OF TRANSVERSE FATIGUE CRACKS IN RAILS T2 - ISSLEDOVANI ROSTA POPERECHNYKH USTALOSTNYKH TRESHCHIN V REL'SAKH PY - SP - p. 45-47 AB - The most dangerous of rail flaws are transverse fatigue cracks which develop gradually inside the rail head and can produce brittle fracture under the passage of a train. This study covered qualitative and quantitative analyses of the service life of rails in which such cracks develop. A line with heavy freight traffic was used to measure the growth of such cracks. A laboratory procedure involving a load pulsator then reproduced these conditions. Conclusions: (1) Transverse fatigue cracks develop exponentially under either actual service or laboratory conditions; (2) Variations in the geometry of the fatigue crack as it develops may make it difficult to develop with rail flaw detectors. KW - Cracking KW - Defects KW - Detection and identification KW - Equipment tests KW - Fatigue strength KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Inspection KW - Laboratories KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail fissures KW - Rail flaw detection KW - Test equipment KW - Traffic density KW - Ultrasonic tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/65247 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00130298 JO - Publication of: Omsk Scientific Research Institute (Om.I.I.Ta.) PB - Omsk Scientific Research Institute (Om.I.I.Ta.) AU - Mikheev, V P AU - Zharkov, V T AU - Panfil, L S AU - Omsk Scientific Research Institute (Om.I.I.Ta.) TI - THE AUTOMATIC DIAGNOSIS OF THE PRESSURE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PANTOGRAPH DURING OPERATION T2 - AVTOMATICHESKAIA DIAGNOSTIKA KHARAKTERISTIKI NAZHATIIA TOKOPRIEMNIKA V PROTSESSE EKSPLUATATSII PY - SP - p. 79-86 AB - Requirements for increasing operational reliability of pantographs continually grow in relation to increased speeds and operational conditions. Prevention of current collector failures can be attained by using automatic devices for diagnostical tests directly on tracks and at stations. One of the chief characteristics of the current collector is its static depression. The analysis of existing methods and mechanisms for verification of the static depression characteristics permitted composition of a generalized structural schema for automatic registration of the current collector depression (ARNT) and formulation of the basic technical requirements for its production. This article presents a description of devices for registration of the current collector depression; characteristics are examined and its operational peculiarities are analyzed. The fundamental goal of utilizing the proposed mechanism is increased reliability of the current collector due to control and registration of its static characteristics in its entire operational range. The mechanism must avoid damage to the catenary network and current collectors, lower the wear and tear of the catenary leads, and the collector's plates. Completion of economic calculations revealed the expediency of working out this device. The mechanism allows automatic measuring of the static depression in the entire operational of range heights without a stop of the electric locomotive. The operation revealed its capability and the simplicity of servicing, and finally, with the complete operation of the ARNT-4 mechanism ensures reliable operation with established accuracy. KW - Catenaries (Railroads) KW - Contact wire KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Electric power collection KW - Electric power generation and transmission KW - High speed rail KW - Measuring instruments KW - Pantographs KW - Railroad electrification KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37437 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00130296 JO - Publication of: Omsk Scientific Research Institute (Om.I.I.Ta.) PB - Omsk Scientific Research Institute (Om.I.I.Ta.) AU - Mikheev, V P AU - Omsk Scientific Research Institute (Om.I.I.Ta.) TI - DETERMINATION OF THE SUPPLEMENTAL VERTICAL DISPLACEMENT OF THE PANTOGRAPH RESULTING FROM THE CURVATURE OF THE STRIP AND THE POSITION OF THE CONDUCTOR IN THE PLANE T2 - OPREDELENIE DOPOLNITEL'NOGO VERTIKAL'NOGO PEREMESHCHENIIA TOKOPRIEMNIKA ZA SCHET KRIVIZNY POLOZA I RASPOLOZHENIIA PROVODA V PLANE PY - SP - p. 64-73 AB - Pantograph shoes with positive curvature (middle portion raised above end points where the horn begins) are applied in practice. It is interesting to clarify the influence of this characteristic of the construction upon the current removal in the established mode of operations. The presence of positive curvature leads to the degradation of conditions of dynamic interaction of the current collector with the catenary suspension due to the appearance of supplementary vertical movements of the runner leading to the increase of the vertical accelerations at the same train speed. It was shown earlier that in order to improve the current removal it is necessary to have negative curvature (directed downwards). With this it is possible to attain a position at which the mass of the runner will not have acceleration in motion along a lead installed with positive sag. The article goes on to discuss the raise of the runner at various distances of the lead from the angle of the track, the dependence of the raise of the runner upon the height of the rise of the current collector at any point of the span of a simple suspension with zigzag, the rise of the runner at any point of the span of a chorded suspension, and the total vertical movement of the runner due to the positive curvature and the changes of the height of the suspension. The report concludes that (1) the supplementary movements of the runner due to the presence of positive curvature depend upon a series of factors and can be defined according to the proposed formulas for various types of catenary suspensions. (2) The supplementary motion of the runner increases with the increase of the distance from the axis of the track and the decrease of the radius of curvature. (3) The supplementary motion of the runner is different at various points of the span, during which for the simple suspension with zigzag on sections the best motion is obtained under a fulcrum and for chorded suspension--in the middle of the span. (4) The received analytical expressions for defining the height of the current collector rise due to curvature can be easily introduced into methods for calculating on the computer the interaction of the current collector with the suspension, and this allows connection of the radius of curvature with the trajectory and the catenary depression of the current collector. KW - Catenaries (Railroads) KW - Contact wire KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Electric power collection KW - Electric power generation and transmission KW - Mathematical models KW - Pantographs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37435 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00130271 JO - Soviet Journal of Nondestructive Testing PB - Plenum Publishing Company AU - Shcherbinina, V A AU - Vlasov, V V AU - Dovnar, B P AU - Plenum Publishing Company TI - COMPUTING THE EDDY CURRENT COMPONENT OF A DEFECT FIELD DURING MOBILE ELECTROMAGNETIC FLAW DETECTION OF RAILS T2 - K RASCHETU VIKHRETOKOVOI SOSTAVLIAIUSSHCHEI POLIA DEFEKTA SKOROSTNOI ELEKTROMAGNITNOI DEFEKTOSKOPII REL'SOV PY - IS - 2 SP - p. 14-21 AB - Railroad rails, during mobile electromagnetic flaw detection, are exposed to the action of the moving permanent magnetic field created by the horseshoe shaped electromagnet. At this time eddy currents are led into the rails, and the dynamic field of the defect is formed because of the change of magnetization of the rail in the zone of the defect (magnetostatic component of the field of the defect), as well as due to the redistribution of the eddy currents by the defect (the eddy current component of the defect field). The magnetostatic defect field, which is in a given instance the component of the dynamic field, has been studied in detail in a series of theoretical and experimental works. In distinction to this, the eddy current component is generally defined by the resiliency and redistribution of the eddy currents, which are unipolar according to the means of reception, in addition to which the direction and distribution in the unflawed rail depends upon their position in relation to the source of the external magnetic field. The differences in the dimensions and polarities of the calculated components of the eddy current field of the rail defects agree with the data of the study on signals in the inductional data unit of the flaw detector railcar. A comparison of the dimensions of the components of the eddy current field over the defects and over the sound sections of rail lead to the conclusion that a data unit reacting to the vertical component of the defect field would be most effective for the revelation of internal defects. Least effective will be a data unit which reacts to the longitudinal component of the defect field and has a very small dimension over the internal defects and a significant one over the sound sections of the rail. In order to reach practical conclusions, it is necessary to observe not only the eddy current component of the defect field but the magnetic as well. This is necessary because the source of the eddy currents in the rails is a moving permanent field of large size, which leads to the presence on the rail surface of an auxiliary background field and the formation over the defects of field changes of a magnetic character. KW - Defects KW - Detection and identification KW - Eddy current inspection KW - Eddy currents KW - Flaw detection KW - Inspection KW - Inspection cars KW - Magnetic flaw detection KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail flaw detection UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36704 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00142602 AU - D'iakonov, V N AU - Kolotushkin, S A AU - USSR Ministry of Railways TI - USING ULTRASONICS TO CHECK RAILS TAKEN FROM THE TRACK T2 - PROVERKA UL'TRAZVUKOM SNIATYKH S PUTI REL'SOV PY - SP - p. 32-33 AB - Growing freight traffic density and higher axle loads and train speeds have increased rail shelling, chips, diagonal cracks and transverse fatigue cracks in rails; these now account for 70 to 84 percent of all rail head defects. Before such rails are used for relay purposes or for welding, rail head defects must be detected. This article discusses the advantages and shortcomings of existing and newly developed ultrasonic probes which may be used after rail has been removed from track for possible reuse. The standard equipment and procedure are described. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Cracking KW - Defects KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Force KW - Inspection KW - Inspection cars KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail fissures KW - Rail flaw detection KW - Rail shelling KW - Shelling (Metals) KW - Ultrasonic tests KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/65248 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00142605 AU - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst TI - METHODOLOGY OF THE SELECTION OF THE OPTIMUM VARIANT FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION OF LINES FOR PASSENGER RAILROAD TRAFFIC AT SPEEDS OF 200 KM/HR PY - SP - 15 p. AB - Preparation of existing rail lines for projected high-speed passenger trains is based initially on technical and economic analyses of the rebuilding of segments which represent major speed restrictions. Among the factors appraised are: Radius of curvature, nature of straight segments between successive curves, motive power and traction characteristics, braking performance, train characteristics and the varying types of trains which must use the line. Train categories are high-speed passenger (200 km/hr), fast passenger (160 km/hr), suburban (130 km/hr) and freight (100 km/hr). Formulas are given for summation of the physical and economic factors on which decisions are reached. KW - Alignment KW - Curved track KW - Decision making KW - Freight trains KW - High speed rail KW - Line relocation KW - Lines of track KW - Passenger trains KW - Railroad tracks KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Speed limits KW - Track alignment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/61961 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130313 AU - USSR Ministry of Railways TI - SHORT EXPOSITION ON TESTING METHODS FOR EXPERIMENTAL RAILS AT THE TS.N.I.I. M.P.S. TEST LOOP T2 - KRATKOE IZLOZHENIE METODIKI ISPYTANIIA OPYTNYKH REL'SOV NA KOL'TSE TS.N.I.I. M.P.S. PY - SP - 16 p. AB - This is a short exposition of the investigation methods for track on the test loop of the Central Scientific Research Institute of the the U.S.S.R. Ministry of Railroads. It covers test designs of an upper track structure on concrete slab foundation; these are reinforced concrete slabs. Type 4-U, with rail reinforcement ZHBP and BS-I. Diagrams of these reinforcements are included. The report goes on to discuss small dimension frames and concrete ties pre-stressed for heavy wheel loads with experimentally designed rail reinforcements. Fundamental characteristics of railroad ties are discussed and a photograph shows ties with KB reinforcement, and diagrams of BP-65, 2HBR-65, and KB-65 reinforcements. Prestressed concrete ties with wire rope are included. Covered in detail are the standard railroad switch P65, railroad frog type P65 with movable point, railroad switch type P65 brand I/II, and finally a track section on asbestos ballast. KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Concrete KW - Concrete slab track KW - Concrete ties KW - Frogs (Railroads) KW - Insulation blankets KW - Prestressed concrete ties KW - Rail fasteners KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Switches KW - Test tracks KW - Tie pads KW - Track structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31995 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00130267 JO - Publication of: Institute of Railway Transportation Engineers PB - Institute of Railway Transportation Engineers AU - Riazanov, Iu S AU - Iampol', A G AU - Institute of Railway Transportation Engineers TI - PIPE-TYPE FOUNDATIONS: A NEW AND PROMISING DESIGN FOR BAM BRIDGES T2 - STOLBCHATYE OPORY-NOVAIA, PERSPEKTIVNAIA KONSTRUKTSIIA DLIA MOSTOV BAM PY - SP - p. 201-205 AB - The experience of construction and operation of small and medium railroad bridges in regions of permafrost soil distribution exposed the substantial insufficiencies of traditionally constructed foundations. Massive and standing foundations on natural bases require large expenditures of manual labor because the foundation pits for the foundations must be dug by pneumatic drills, and this alone aggravates the possibility for degradation of the permafrost, leading to deformation of the foundations during operation, and sometimes during the construction period as well. The construction of massive foundations, including the block ones, involves large amounts of concrete ("wet") labor, which carries with it supplementary expenditures for ensuring the quality of concrete in the cold period and the organization in each section of its own management of concrete. The pile foundations which were until lately considered to be the best construction for the permafrost regions propose the sinking of significant quantities of piles (8-20) upon a small area, which seriously complicates the conditions for drilling and their installation into the boreholes. The experience of bridges with columnar foundations revealed their promise and allows their recommendation for further application. Lately pipe-type foundations have been proposed for the Bajkal-Amur main- line railroad, which fully excludes the foundation pit construction method. Calculations and practice show that the labor consumption for pipe-type foundations is two to three times less than for foundations on a natural base; this significantly economizes materials and lowers construction time sharply. Pipe-type foundations allow the reduction to a minimum of the "wet" processes during installation and transferences of the preparation of the reinforced concrete construction from the construction area to the base plants, thus allowing the quality of construction to be raised. In comparison with pile foundations the quantity of boreholes is sharply lowered; this also reduces construction time and improves drilling and installation conditions. In addition, the construction of pile-type foundations significantly decreases the possibility of degradation of the permafrost. KW - Boreholes KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge foundations KW - Bridges KW - Building materials KW - Construction projects KW - Foundations KW - Labor costs KW - Low temperature KW - Permafrost KW - Permafrost regions KW - Piers (Supports) KW - Piers (Wharves) KW - Piles (Supports) KW - Pipe KW - Quality control KW - Railroad bridges KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37429 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00130297 JO - Publication of: Omsk Scientific Research Institute (Om.I.I.Ta.) PB - Omsk Scientific Research Institute (Om.I.I.Ta.) AU - Mikheev, V P AU - Zharkov, V T AU - Drobatenko, A F AU - Omsk Scientific Research Institute (Om.I.I.Ta.) TI - EFFECT OF THE FORCE OF VISCOUS FRICTION ON OSCILLATIONS OF THE SYSTEM OF SLIDING FRAMES OF PANTOGRAPHS T2 - VLIIANIE SILY VIAZKOGO TRENIIA NA KOLEBANIIA SISTEMY PODVIZHNYKH RAM TOKOPRIEMNIKOV (TRUDY O.M.I.I.T.A. 137) PY - SP - p. 74-78 AB - Improvement of current collection at high speeds can be attained by the introduction of damping in the various assemblies of the current collector mechanism. In order to correctly select the optimal parameters of the damping element, it is necessary to analyze the influence of the presence of viscous (or dry) friction in the system upon the oscillation process. An equality describes the free oscillations of a load supported on springs; this defines vertical oscillations of an absolutely firm load on an absolutely weightless spring. In real conditions the movement of material means occurs in an environment with resistance: (1) dry (or coulomb) friction; (2) viscous (or linear resistance) proportional to the first degree of speed; (3) vortical (or square), proportional to the square of the speed. The report concludes that (1) the application of damping oscillations of the frames of the current collectors causes an increase in the period of free oscillations, which depends upon the size of their mass and the firmness of the measuring spring (train traffic speed). (2) During the analysis of results of experiments or calculations, interactions of the current collector equipped with damping and the catenary lead, it is necessary to take into consideration the influence of the size of the resistance coefficient of the damper upon the free oscillation period of the current collector. KW - Contact wire KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Electric power collection KW - Electric power generation and transmission KW - High speed rail KW - Mathematical models KW - Pantographs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37436 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00130258 JO - Put' i Putevoye Khozyaistvo PB - Ministerstvo Putei Soobshcheniya SSSR AU - Shakhuniants, G M AU - Voitov, S A AU - Ministerstvo Putei Soobshcheniya SSSR TI - CALCULATION OF THE THICKNESS OF A HEAT-INSULATION PROTECTION FROM FOAM PLASTIC T2 - RASCHET TOLSHCHINY TEPLOIZOLIRUIUSHCHEI ZASHCHITY IZ PENOPLASTOV PY - SP - p. 38-40 AB - Generally defined are the necessary layers of the covering and the necessary relationship of the gaps to the areas of the slabs which ensure the depth of the soil freezing beneath the covering up to a given size (taking into consideration not permitting freezing below the covering). In table 1 are set out the basic calculation characteristics of the constructional foam plastics having limits of stability to a pressure of not less than 3 kilograms of force per square centimeter, which can be successfully utilized in the capacity of anti-heaving heat-insulating means. Table 2 lays out analogous characteristics of several ballasts and soils. The volume weight, thermal conductivity, and volume thermal capacity in foam plastics is many times smaller than in thawed and frozen ballasts and soils. Table 3 provides technical indications for the relationship of the freezing depth of anti-heaving material to the freezing depth of the soil which is located above the level of the soil waters. Table 4 shows the results of calculations for two test sections. KW - Electric insulating materials KW - Freezing KW - Frost heaving KW - Heat insulating materials KW - Heating KW - Insulating materials KW - Insulation blankets KW - Plastic foams KW - Plastics KW - Railroad transportation KW - Soil classification KW - Soil freezing KW - Soil types KW - Soils KW - Thickness KW - Water table UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36697 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00130251 JO - Publication of: Institute of Railway Transportation Engineers PB - Institute of Railway Transportation Engineers AU - Kopytov, I A AU - Institute of Railway Transportation Engineers TI - CALCULATION OF THE DEPTH OF FREEZING OF SOILS AND OF THE THICKNESS OF ANTI-HEAVING COVERINGS T2 - K RASCHETU GLUBINY PROMERZANIIA GRUNTOV I TOLSHCHINY PROTIVOPUSHINNYKH POKRYTII PY - SP - p. 162-182 AB - The calculation of the thickness of anti-heaving coverings and the freezing depths of soils is necessary for the elaboration of effective procedures for controlling unequal heaving of soils of railroad roadbeds. For the definition and planning of the thickness of anti-heaving coverings data from geological and engineering inspections of heaving sections of the roadbed were used. In the process of inspection the depth of the seasonal freezing and the physical heat properties of the frozen soil are determined. According to the data obtained in this manner a calculation is carried out of the thickness of the anti-heaving covering or of exchange of the heaving soil by another, non-heaving material (slag, asbestos, by-products, sandy gravel soil, etc.) The purpose of this report is to attempt to give (according to the results of full-scale observations carried out on the West-Siberian railroad from 1962 to 1967) a method of calculation of the thickness of the anti-heaving covering at a certain depth of the seasonal freezing of the soil, including its humidity, the seepage of the heat from below during the sinusoidal change of the temperature at the surface, and soils in the freezing period. The calculation should be made taking into account climatic factors and physical heat characteristics of the material of the anti-heaving covering which influence its thickness. Such climatic factors are the amplitude of the temperature oscillations on the surface and the average yearly temperature of the soil at the base of the seasonal freezing layer. The article elaborates a method for the calculation entailing over 50 equations. KW - Aggregates KW - Climate KW - Covering KW - Depth KW - Freezing KW - Frost heaving KW - Heat insulating materials KW - Heaving KW - Insulation blankets KW - Low temperature KW - Railroad transportation KW - Slag KW - Soil freezing KW - Soil mechanics KW - Soils KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37423 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130260 AU - Shakhuniants, G M AU - Institute of Engineers for Railroad Transportation TI - CALCULATION OF ANTI-HEAVING CUSHIONS T2 - RASCHET PROTIVOPUCHINNYKH PODUSHEK PY - SP - p. 13-25 AB - The thickness of anti-heaving cushions or the height of the hoisting are ordinarily defined so that the soil beneath the cushions (or, generally speaking, beneath the non-heaving soil) will not heave. The limit of the heaving stays somewhat away from the border of the freezing. This is equal to .5 m at a freezing depth of 1.0-1.5 m and -.15 at a freezing depth over 2 m. This article elaborates a twelve-step operational calculation in order to develop the subject. Extremely detailed figures are included to illustrate the computations. KW - Calculation KW - Computation KW - Coulomb failure criterion KW - Freezing KW - Frost heaving KW - Heat insulating materials KW - Heaving KW - Hoisting KW - Hoists KW - Insulation blankets KW - Mathematical models KW - Railroad transportation KW - Soil freezing KW - Soil mechanics KW - Soils KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/33458 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00130295 JO - Publication of: Omsk Scientific Research Institute (Om.I.I.Ta.) PB - Omsk Scientific Research Institute (Om.I.I.Ta.) AU - Mikheev, V P AU - Omsk Scientific Research Institute (Om.I.I.Ta.) TI - DETERMINATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF SAFETY DEVICES PERMITTING THE PANTOGRAPH STRIP TO DEVIATE RESILIENTLY DURING INCURSION ONTO AN OBSTRUCTION T2 - OPREDELENIE PARAMETROV PREDOKHRANITEL'NYKH USTROISTV, POZVOLIAIUSHCHIKH POLOZU TOKOPRIEMNIKA UPRUGO OTKLONIAT'SIA PRI NAEZDE NA PREPIATSTVIE (TRUDY O.M.I.I.T.A. 137) PY - SP - p. 57-63 AB - The aim of ensuring reliable current collection, the prevention of possible damage of the current collector and the catenary network, led to the appearance of a series of protective devices built into various assemblies of the current collectors in such a manner that upon encountering an obstacle arising on the catenary network, the blow would be mollified and the runner, deflected downward, would elude the dangerous object. The requirements for recovering devices can be formulated as follows: (1) the mass of the parts of the current collector which are deflected upon interaction with impediment must be minimal; (2) the size of the recovering horizontal force must be independent of the height of the rise of the current collector and the height of the dip of the carriage; (3) The horizontal deflection of the runner must not exceed the allowable significance (following which it becomes impossible to re- turn the runner to an original position due to the appear- ance of a significant moment from the static depression of the current collector); (4) At the time of the blow it is desirable to have motion of the runner not only backward, but also downward (without lowering the frame of the current collector). The study concludes that (1) in order to calculate the parameters of the preventive devices which allow the runner to firmly deflect upon encountering an impediment, it is possible to utilize the methods proposed in the article and (2), the analysis carried out for lower deflecting devices in the upper junctions and the deflections of the beam frames of the current collectors attests to the significant influence of the angle of deflection (or the height) of the runner upon the reversal of the moment and the force. KW - Contact wire KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Electric power collection KW - Electric power generation and transmission KW - Pantographs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37434 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00153362 AU - Association of American Railroads Research Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Railway Progress Institute AU - Transport Canada Research and Development Centre TI - TRUCK AND CARBODY CHARACTERIZATION PY - SP - 84 p. AB - Martin Marietta Corp. has developed a mathematical model of an 80-ton hopper car and its Ride Control Trucks to be used to provide response information about curving, hunting and track irregularities. This report summarizes laboratory tests, analytical model derivation and comparative stability analyses. One objective was to develop a test/analysis philosophy to permit evaluation of the dynamic behavior of other truck/car configurations. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical techniques KW - Car design KW - Defects KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Dynamics KW - Hopper cars KW - Hunting (Dynamics) KW - Mathematical models KW - Railroad tracks KW - Steering KW - Track irregularities KW - Train track dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle design KW - Vertical dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48649 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00153358 AU - Association of American Railroads Research Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Railway Progress Institute AU - Transport Canada Research and Development Centre TI - HARMONIC ROLL SERIES. VOLUME 4: TORSIONAL AND FLEXURAL CAR STIFFNESS CHARACTERISTICS PY - SP - 56 p. AB - This phase of the Track Train Dynamics Program determined experimentally the torsional and flexural rigidity of three box cars, one covered hopper car and one flat car. Shorter cars displayed a larger value of torsional rigidity than the longer ones. The piggyback flat car was the least rigid. The unibody construction of the covered hopper proved to be the stiffest of cars tested. Recommendations are made about instrumentation for future cars to be tested. KW - Car body KW - Flexure KW - Freight car design KW - Freight cars KW - Instrumentation KW - Motor vehicle bodies KW - Stiffness KW - Tests KW - Torsion KW - Train track dynamics KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48645 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00153359 AU - Smith, K R AU - MacMillan, R D AU - Martin, G C AU - Association of American Railroads Research Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Railway Progress Institute AU - Transport Canada Research and Development Centre TI - 2, 3, & 4 AXLE RIGID TRUCK CURVE NEGOTIATION MODEL. TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION PY - SP - 78 p. AB - This study explains a technique by which the wheel/rail interaction associated with the negotiation of a section of curved track by a rigid-framed locomotive truck may be predicted, taking into consideration axle and individual wheel loads, operation at other than balance speed, tractive or braking effort, and train forces which may produce components at the truck center bearing. KW - Four axle trucks KW - Heavy duty trucks KW - Locomotive design KW - Locomotives KW - Mathematical models KW - Overturning KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail overturning KW - Rolling contact KW - Steering KW - Three axle trucks KW - Train track dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Trucks by number of axles KW - Two axle trucks KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48646 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00153361 AU - Association of American Railroads Research Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Railway Progress Institute AU - Transport Canada Research and Development Centre TI - DYNAMIC FIELD TESTING ACTIVITIES PY - SP - 538 p. AB - The field testing conducted by the Track Train Dynamics Program as validation for mathematical models previously developed is described. A Southern Pacific road test in 1973 confirmed the various Train Action Models; 1974 tests at the Pueblo Transportation Test Center confirmed the Lateral Stability Models; L&N tests confirmed Vertical Train Stability Models. This manual explains what occured during these tests and provides a description of the data obtained. KW - Data collection KW - Dynamics KW - Lateral stability KW - Mathematical models KW - Slack action KW - Tests KW - Train operations KW - Train track dynamics KW - Vertical dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48648 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00153363 AU - Association of American Railroads Research Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Railway Progress Institute AU - Transport Canada Research and Development Centre TI - CHARACTERIZATION OF DRAWGEAR SYSTEMS DURING COUPLER ANGLING PY - SP - 73 p. AB - This reference manual on lateral force characteristics of various types of draft gears and couplers under draft and buff loads during angling was developed as part of the Track-Train Dynamics Program. Data from these tests can be used in several TTD mathematical models, particularly the Lateral Train Stability Models. The dynamic interactions investigated are those produced by combinations of long and short cars, length of tangent between reverse curves, change in superelevation in spirals, and jackknifing tendencies for a variety of car combinations, track geometries and operating practices. KW - Couplers KW - Data collection KW - Derailments KW - Draft gears KW - Gears KW - Jackknifing KW - Lateral dynamics KW - Long cars KW - Mathematical models KW - Steering KW - Superelevation KW - Train makeup KW - Train operations KW - Train track dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48650 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144451 AU - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst TI - A METHOD FOR CONDUCTING TESTS OF EXPERIMENTAL RAILS AT THE EXPERIMENTAL TEST LOOP AT STATION SHCHERBINKA, MOSCOW RR T2 - METODIKA PROVEDENIIA POLIGONNYKH ISPYTANII OPYTRYKH REL'SOV NA EKSPERIMENTAL'NOM KOL'STE ST. SHCHERBINKA, MOSK. ZH. D. PY - SP - 3 p. AB - This specification lists the general test standards, the evaluation criteria, and the data processing and methods for drawing conclusions. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical techniques KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Service life KW - Specifications KW - Test tracks KW - Traffic density KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62758 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144459 AU - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst TI - STUDIES CONDUCTED BY TS,N.I.I. (CENTRAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE) FOR IMPROVING THE RELIABILITY OF RAILS T2 - RABOTY, PROVODIMYE V TS.N.I.I. PO POVYSHENIIV NADEZHNOSTI ZHELEZNODOROZHNYKH REL'SOV PY - SP - 4 p. AB - To assure the integrity of track structures, thermal rail hardening has become standard practice on USSR railways. Additional work is now being conducted in improving rail steel metallurgy, on countering the effects of wheel/rail contact forces and on rail designs. In addition to these efforts, the Ministry of Transport, Department of Rail Economy, has prepared specifications on other components intended to improve the reliability of the track structure. There follows a listing of 39 State Standards for rail ballast, crossties, rail fasteners, rail joints, switch points, frogs, and wood preservatives. KW - Ballast KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Bibliographies KW - Metal hardening KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail design KW - Rail fasteners KW - Rail hardening KW - Rail joints KW - Rail steel KW - Rail steel metallurgy KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Specifications KW - Structural design KW - Track structures KW - Wood preservatives UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62765 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144446 AU - USSR Ministry of Railways TI - TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF PANEL TRACK REPAIR T2 - TEKHNOLOGICHESKIE PROTSESSY REMONTA ZVEN'EVOGO PUTI PY - SP - 448 p. AB - This set of instructions spells out the standard procedures for the rebuilding of track using welded rails on concrete cross ties, using jointed rail on wooden cross ties, substituting continuously welded rail for jointed rail, using track panels, and for routine maintenance of all these types of track. A total of 27 procedures are described. KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Concrete KW - Concrete ties KW - Jointed track KW - Maintenance of way KW - Panel track KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Standards KW - Tampers KW - Tamping KW - Track maintenance equipment KW - Track panels KW - Track renewals KW - Track standards KW - Welded rail KW - Wood ties KW - Wooden cross ties UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62754 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144447 AU - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst TI - A COMPARATIVE TECHNICAL-ECONOMIC CHARACTERIZATION OF TRACKS WITH REINFORCED-CONCRETE TIES AND THOSE WITH WOODEN TIES T2 - SRAVNITEL'NAIA TEKHNICO-EKONOMICHESKAIA KHARAKTERISTIKA PUTI S ZHELEZOBETONNYMI I DEREVIANNYMI SHPALAMI PY - SP - 2 p. AB - The use of reinforced-concrete ties on Soviet railroads favors the solution of an important national economic problem, the curtailment of the consumption of high-quality construction lumber. Experience gained in the operation of rail lines with reinforced-concrete ties has confirmed that the type now in use in the Soviet Union (prestressed, monoblock, piano-wire-reinforced concrete) in the majority of cases is of quite high strength and longevity. Tendency to damage and instances of removal from service are relatively low. Life of 2 to 3 times that of wooden ties is achieved. Another important advantage of concrete ties is their great resistance to shifting of the rail-tie system on the ballast; this facilitates the use of welded rails without seasonal stresses. However, the present high rigidity of tracks with reinforced-concrete ties does actually worsen interaction between train and track. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Concrete KW - Concrete ties KW - Prestressed concrete ties KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Service life KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Supply KW - Timber KW - Timber supply KW - Track stability KW - Track structures KW - Train track dynamics KW - Wood ties KW - Wooden cross ties UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62755 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00130288 JO - Elektrotekhnika AU - Shakhnovich, A N AU - Kaliakina, A N AU - Ageeva, N F TI - PRINCIPLES FOR THE SELECTION AND COMPUTATION OF THE PROPERTIES OF SYNTHETIC NONCOMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS FOR TRANSFORMERS T2 - PRINTSIPY PODBORA I RASCHETA SVOISTV SINTETICHESKIKH NEGORIUCHIKH ZHIDKOSTEI DLIA TRANSFORMATOROV PY - IS - 5 SP - p. 49-52 AB - This report discusses experimental dependencies of properties of transformer liquid mixtures which have a different chemical nature than the ratio of the components. It shows the possibility for analytical calculation of the properties of the mixtures of such components, and describes series of incombustible liquids with prescribed properties proposed on the basis of calculation methodology; these are: (a) low-conqealing, (b) with improved heat transmitting properties, and (c) with lowered surface tension. The report concludes with the determination that mixtures of the examined transformer liquids which have differing natures are systems with chemically non-interacting components. This provides a theoretical basis for calculation of the basic properties of all mixtures of such liquids with the aid of simple equations. KW - Coolants KW - Dielectric properties KW - Fire causes KW - Fire prevention KW - Low temperature KW - Oils KW - Prevention KW - Synthetics KW - Transformers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36720 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00142603 AU - USSR Council of Ministers TI - SEAMS OF WELDED JOINTS, METHODS OF ULTRASONIC FLAW DETECTION, GOST 14782-69 T2 - SHVY SVARNYKH SOEDINENII-METODY UL'TRAZVUKOVOI DEFEKTOSKOPII PY - SP - 15 p. AB - This standard covers ultrasonic inspection of welded joints in low-carbon, low-alloy steels; aluminum and its alloys; titanium and its alloys; and lead and its alloys. The process does not cover the basic metal of the welded zone nor the weld metal itself. The inspection is to expose cracks, improper welds, gas inclusions and slag in joints, seams, corners, and T welds assembled by arc welding, electro-slag welding, gas welding, gas-pressure welding and spot welding. It is a standard for production operations. KW - Inspection KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Quality control KW - Specifications KW - Ultrasonic tests KW - Welded joints KW - Welding KW - Welds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/61959 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00142604 AU - USSR Council of Ministers TI - RAILROAD RAILS: METHODS OF ULTRASONIC FLAW DETECTION, GOST 18576-73 T2 - REL'SY ZHELEZNODOROZHNYE - METODY UL'TRAZVUKOVOI DEFEKTOSKOPII GOST 18576-73 PY - SP - 10 p. AB - This state standard involves ultrasonic methods for examination of R43, R50, R65 and R75 rails for detection of defects in the head, web and base for pin hoes, flakes, blisters, segregations, cracks and welding flaws. The equipment includes pulse ultrasonic detectors with probes operating at an oscillation frequency of 1.5 to 4.0 megahertz and standard gages for measuring and checking main control characteristics to be used for the inspection. Standards for measuring and checking the main control characteristics are also detailed. Test procedures are described for complete rail inspection. KW - Defects KW - Detection and identification KW - Inspection KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail flaw detection KW - Rail steel KW - Rail steel metallurgy KW - Specifications KW - Standardization KW - Steel plants KW - Ultrasonic tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/61960 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130292 AU - Miroshnichenko, R I AU - All-Union Labor Red Banner Railway Research Inst TI - FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES FOR THE METHODOLOGY OF PRELIMINARY SELECTION OF VARIANTS FOR DETERMINING WITH THE USE OF ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS, THE OPTIMAL PARAMETERS OF POWER SUPPLY DEVICES T2 - OSNOVNYE POLOZHENIIA METODIKI PREDVARITEL'-NOGO OTBORA VARIANTOV DLIA VYBORA NA E.TS.V.M. OPTIMAL'NYKH PARAMETROV USTROISTV ELEKTROSNABZHENIIA PY - SP - p. 51-60 AB - With the use of computers for planning energy supply arrangements the necessity arises to examine a large quantity of variants of the distribution of traction substations, the equipment installed in them, and a cross section of the leads of the catenary network. In order to accelerate and simplify the calculations it is expedient to choose fundamental parameters according to a statistical methodology based on the analysis of operational data, and then variants which ensure a minimum of expenditures by a mathematical modelling method; these are verified as to reliabiity and insurance of a given capacity in normal and forced regimens of operation. The basic principles of the statistical methodology consist of the following: (1) according to output data (cargo flows, types of electric locomotives, train weight) to define the line midyear load (in square tons - hour per km.) of all trains; (2) according to nomograms define the optimal distances in the area of economical cross sections, and taking into account the tying of the substations to the distant points, and the types of suspensions, set the variants; and (3) to calculate the mid- 24-hour expenditure of energy for each substation. This is used as output to define the calculated loads and choose parameters for the electrical energy system. In this way, by using statistical methodology, it is possible to carry out a preparatory selection of those variants which yield a minimum of expenditures, and then to complete on the electronic computer verification calculations with the concentration of trains, as well as to consider the throughput according to energy supply arrangements when switching off one or several in series of the traction substations. KW - Analysis KW - Computer analysis KW - Electric locomotives KW - Electric power supply KW - Electric power transmission KW - Electric substations KW - Information processing KW - Load factor KW - Mathematical models KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Planning KW - Railroad electrification KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic density KW - Train operation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/33478 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130310 AU - Tikhmenev, B N AU - USSR Ministry of Railways TI - PERSPECTIVES OF ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE DEVELOPMENT T2 - PERSPEKTIVY RAZVITIIA ELEKTROVOZOV PY - SP - 8 p. AB - Electrified railroads today make up half of the transport network; the next five-year plan intends to electrify six to seven thousand more kilometers of railroad. This study examines the fundamental possible directions for the technical improvement of electric locomotives, developing out of operational experience and traction energy research. The report covers fundamental parameters of prospective electric locomotive loads, possibilities of achieving necessary parameters, and finally, directions of development of electric passenger locomotives. KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Electric locomotives KW - High speed rail KW - Locomotive design KW - Locomotives KW - Passenger trains KW - Railroad electrification KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31988 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00142600 AU - Transport Publishing House TI - HIGH-SPEED PASSENGER TRAFFIC PY - SP - 5 p. AB - This textbook contains the following chapters: (1) Basic Prerequisites for High-Speed Operation of Passenger Trains; (2) Development of Passenger Traffic in the USSR; Plan and Design of High-Speed Railroad Lines; (3) Planning and Design of High-Speed Railroad Lines; (4) Design Features and Track Maintenance of High-Speed Traffic; (5) Rolling Stock for High-Speed Passenger Trains; (6) Braking Technology for Rolling Stock; (7) Aerodynamic Testing of Rolling Stock; (8) Power Supply for High-Speed Electrified Lines; (9) Automation of Traffic Control on High-Speed Lines; (10) Construction and Operating Problems of Special High-Speed Lines. KW - Aerodynamic tests KW - Aerodynamics KW - Automatic train control KW - Brakes KW - Braking systems KW - Electric power supply KW - High speed rail KW - High speed track KW - Intercity travel KW - Maintenance of way KW - Multiple unit cars KW - Passenger comfort KW - Railroad electrification KW - Railroad tracks KW - Signaling KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Suspension systems KW - Track stability KW - Track structures KW - Train track dynamics KW - Wind tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/61958 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00130262 JO - Publication of: Institute of Railway Transportation Engineers PB - Institute of Railway Transportation Engineers AU - Dmitriev, Iu V AU - Smyshliaev, B N AU - Institute of Railway Transportation Engineers TI - PROBLEMS OF EVALUATION AND CALCULATION OF THE THERMAL AND FORCE ACTION OF ICE LAYERS ON ARTIFICAL INSTALLATIONS T2 - VOPROSY OTSENKI I UCHETA TERMICHESKOGO I SILOVOGO VOZDEISTVIIA NALEDEI NA ISKUSSTVENNYE SOORUZHENIIA PY - SP - p. 96-109 AB - The action of ice layers on the condition and operation of artificial constructions can appear in the following aspects: (a) surface coverage of bridges and culverts by ice obstruction of filtering dams leading to a lowering of the water permeable capability of constructions in the spring, as well as the danger of ice escape onto the road and the interruption of traffic; (b) force and mechanical action on the elements of construction in the form of horizontal pressure of the ice during its thermal expansion, vertical pressure (heaving) arising during the development of the hydrostatic pressure of the ice water, and the destruction of elements during dam ruptures; (c) heat-insulating action on the foundations of constructions in the form of melting or cooling effects leading to the development of general deformations of bridge foundations. The indicated aspects of ice actions to some degree affect the longevity and the reliability of water-permeable constructions and, naturally, must be calculated in the form of special engineering computations and requirements. KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Construction projects KW - Culverts KW - Embankments KW - Filter drains KW - Foundations KW - Freezing KW - Heat insulating materials KW - Ice KW - Ice pressures KW - Installation KW - Permeability KW - Pressure KW - Soil mechanics KW - Soil water KW - Structural design KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Thermal expansion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37425 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00130264 JO - Publication of: Institute of Railway Transportation Engineers PB - Institute of Railway Transportation Engineers AU - Merkulov, D M AU - Institute of Railway Transportation Engineers TI - BASIS OF THE DIMENSIONS OF FROZEN STRIPS AT SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS T2 - OBOSNOVANIE RAZMEROV MERZLOTNYKH POIASOV U MALYKH MOSTOV I TRUB PY - SP - p. 211-215 AB - To control soil ice layers on the Amur-Yakutsk main line, frost belts were applied. These were trenches located perpendicularly to the direction of the motion of the soil waters. The width was 5-10 m, depth 0.5-1.0 m, and the trench was located 50-100 m from the protected object. It is known that moss, peat, and sod possess great thermal resistance. During excavation of the canal they move away, provoking accelerated freezing of the soil in that location, and quicker (relative to natural conditions) confluence of the seasonal freezing with the water resistance. Beneath the canal there appears a frost dike, fencing off the track by soil waters which escape to the surface above the canal, where they freeze, forming an ice layer. Consequently, the frost belt provokes the formation of an ice layer in a spot safe for construction. The fundamental geometrical dimensions of the frost belts are depth and breadth. These are discussed in the report, and ways for determining them are revealed. The depth depends upon the power of the soil flow, the level of soil waters relative to the diurnal surface, and other factors. The breadth is determined independently of the power of the water bearing layer, soil type, and inundation, and regional climatic conditions. This is connected to the drop of the permafrost border below the trench, leading to the fact that in the winter the trench can not intercept all the soil waters and cause natural formation of ice layers. The author therefore proposes a frost-impermeable screen consisting of vertical and horizontal screens. KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Culverts KW - Deicing KW - Drainage KW - Freezing KW - Frost protection KW - Ice KW - Insulation blankets KW - Railroad transportation KW - Runoff KW - Size KW - Soil freezing KW - Soil water KW - Soils KW - Structural design KW - Watersheds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37428 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00139441 AU - Garg, V K AU - Martin, G C AU - Hartmann, P W AU - Tolomei, J G AU - Association of American Railroads Research Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Railway Progress Institute AU - Transportation Development Agency Centre TI - LOCOMOTIVE TRUCK HUNTING MODEL. TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION PY - SP - 91 p. AB - Two very different modes of hunting behavior are frequently observed; body hunting and truck hunting. Body hunting or primary hunting is often characterized by violent motions of the carbody. Truck hunting, or secondary hunting, is inherent in the vehicle design. Theoretically, with a perfect cylindrical wheel profile, truck hunting can be eliminated, but cylindrical wheel profile has a number of operating drawbacks. This type of hunting is characterized by severe oscillations of the truck or wheel axle set relative to the carbody. Once truck hunting starts, it continues to worsen as locomotive speed increases. A complete analysis of the hunting of a locomotive should take into consideration the carbody, truck, primary and secondary suspensions, and the wheel-rail contact forces. This requires a dynamic system with multi-degrees of freedom. Five mathematical models were developed with the objective of evaluating primary and secondary hunting of four or six-axle locomotive. A two degree of freedom model was developed for a single wheel-axle set. Seven and nine degree of freedom models were developed for trucks with two or three axles. Combining two of the trucks models with the carbody seventeen and twenty-one degree of freedom locomotive models were obtained. A characteristics equation, based on linear equations of motion was obtained for each model. This equation is a function of velocity. A computer program was written to compute the complex roots (eigenvalues) and the corresponding nonmalized modes shapes (eigenvectors) of the characteristics equation. This computer program can determine the critical velocity, which is the velocity that coincides with the advent of instability. The resulting computer model would be used primarily as a design tool. In Section 2 the different models are discussed and the equations of motion for the seventeen degree of freedom model are presented. Section 3 includes the results of the 17 and 21 degree of freedom models, along with a discussion on the various parameters which influence the hunting behavior of locomotives. Finally, in section 4 the limitations of the model and suggestions for future improvement are outlined. KW - Computer programs KW - Critical velocity KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Hunting (Dynamics) KW - Locomotive design KW - Locomotives KW - Mathematical models KW - Three axle trucks KW - Train track dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Two axle trucks KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/43773 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00139449 AU - Smith, K R AU - MacMillan, R D AU - Martin, G C AU - Association of American Railroads Research Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Railway Progress Institute AU - Transportation Development Agency Centre TI - TWO, THREE AND FOUR AXLE RIGID TRUCK CURVE NEGOTIATION MODEL. USER'S MANUAL PY - SP - 39 p. AB - The rigid truck curve negotiation model calculates the lateral wheel-rail forces associated with the negotiation of a section of curved track by a rigid framed locomotive truck for a variety of normal operating conditions. The model itself is of a quasi-static nature modeling the truck in static equilibrium for each set of input data. Each truck of the locomotive is modeled individually and is assumed to have a conventional center bearing connection from the bolster to the locomotive, which does not impact any rotational stiffness. (This is a valid assumption under the static context of the model). The model simulates two, three and four axle trucks. The model will also compute the curving forces under various external conditions. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Computer programs KW - Flanges KW - Force KW - Four axle trucks KW - Heavy duty trucks KW - Ibm 370 KW - Lateral dynamics KW - Locomotive design KW - Locomotives KW - Mathematical models KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Steering KW - Three axle trucks KW - Train track dynamics KW - Trucks by number of axles KW - Two axle trucks KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheel flange forces KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/43780 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00139447 AU - Luttrell, N W AU - Gupta, R K AU - Low, E M AU - Martin, G C AU - Association of American Railroads Research Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Railway Progress Institute AU - Transportation Development Agency Centre TI - TRAIN OPERATIONS SIMULATOR. USER'S MANUAL PY - AB - This manual explains input, output and uses of the T.O.S. (Train operation simulator) in detail. Input, output and capabilities of the T.O.S. are explained by several examples. Finally, a brief explanation on installation of the T.O.S. on individual systems and an example of JCL (Job-Control Language) for the IBM 370/158 is given. An attempt has been made to keep this manual user oriented. Detailed information on the program can be found in the programmer's guide. KW - Computer programs KW - Crash investigation KW - Diesel electric locomotives KW - Freight trains KW - Ibm 370 KW - Operations research KW - Simulation KW - Train makeup KW - Train operations KW - Train performance KW - Train track dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/44811 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00139448 AU - Tse, Y H AU - Martin, G C AU - Association of American Railroads Research Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Railway Progress Institute AU - Transportation Development Agency Centre TI - FLEXIBLE BODY RAILROAD FREIGHT CAR. TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION PY - SP - 122 p. AB - The objective of this study is to develop a mathematical model of the freight car with a flexible car body, using numerical analysis techniques. Such an analysis will be helpful to understand the dynamic behavior of a freight car better. The model is considered to be consisting of a car body separated into two rigid masses, two bolster, two wheelsets with the side frames. These are joined together by non-linear springs and dampers (Fig. 1). The model will be described in detail in Chapter II. Twenty two degrees of freedom are assumed. Since the car body is assumed to be flexible, it is divided into two, the front and the rear mass. With two constraint equations, twenty coupled simultaneous non-linear differential equations are developed as the equations of motions of this complicated system. The formulating these equations. The equations are uncoupled by tools in the study of the rigid body dynamics, is used in formulating these euqations. The quations are uncoupled by the Gaussian elimination method and integrated by the efficient Runge-Kutta scheme, both of which are standard computer programs. Effects of the system parameters, such as the height of the center-of-gravity of the car body, the truck center distance, suspension and damping can be analyzed with the program. KW - Center of gravity KW - Computer programs KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Freight car design KW - Freight cars KW - Mathematical models KW - Suspension systems KW - Train track dynamics KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/43779 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00139450 AU - Smith, K R AU - MacMillan, R D AU - Martin, G C AU - Association of American Railroads Research Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Railway Progress Institute AU - Transportation Development Agency Centre TI - TWO, THREE AND FOUR AXLE RIGID TRUCK CURVE NEGOTIATION MODEL. PROGRAMMING MANUAL PY - SP - 18 p. AB - The rigid truck curve negotiation computer model is designed to model a rigid locomotive truck on a portion of curved truck under any set of arbitrary operating conditions that may be found during normal railroad operations. Due to the nature of the model, the problem to be solved is statically indeterminate. This requires that the method of solution be of an iterative technique combined with a numerical analysis approach. Because this is a static model the actual computation sequence is basically straightforward, however, due to the many different positions that the truck may take during curving, there is a great complexity in insuring that the particular solution arrived at is unique for the situation being modeled. This can be accomplished through an iterative-feedback method such that the output from the preceding iteration is used as an input to the succeeding iteration until both force-moment equilibrium and geometric compatibility are maintained from one iteration to the next. By geometric compatibility, it is meant that at the point of solution the flange force reactions correspond to the points of flange contact that would be predicted using a geometric model based on the friction center location and rubber donut deflections that result from the force model. When this situation is achieved, the solution is unique and may be used with a high degree of confidence. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Computer programs KW - Flanges KW - Force KW - Four axle trucks KW - Heavy duty trucks KW - Ibm 370 KW - Lateral dynamics KW - Locomotive design KW - Locomotives KW - Mathematical models KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Steering KW - Three axle trucks KW - Train track dynamics KW - Trucks by number of axles KW - Two axle trucks KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheel flange forces KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/43781 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00139457 AU - Tse, Y H AU - Martin, G C AU - Association of American Railroads Research Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Railway Progress Institute AU - Transportation Development Agency Centre TI - FLEXIBLE BODY RAILROAD FREIGHT CAR. USER'S MANUAL PY - SP - 131 p. AB - The freight car is considered to consist of a car body, its contents, two bolsters, and two masses representing the wheelsets/side frames combined. In reality, the car body cannot be a perfectly rigid body. Thus, the carbody flexibility is modelled by separating the car body into two rigid bodies and connecting them by a cork-like torsional stiffness. Each car body, integrated with the lading, rests on the centerplate of the bolster, having a spring-like stiffness at each of the two contact points. When the contact is lost at either or both of the two points due to car rocking, the spring force between them will be simply zero. On each bolster, a side bearing, either rigid or resilient, is seated with a clearance from the car body at equilibrium. Again, the car body is reacted by the spring-like stiffness of the side bearing when the side bearing is contacted. The bolster is bridged to the wheelset by a suspension spring on each side, which has a equivalent stiffness of the whole suspension group. The friction at the column is at present considered to be a coulomb's dry friction type. Simplifying the analysis, the two wheelsets and the two side frames at one end of the freight car are integrated into one mass. The car is considered to be travelling on staggered jointed track. Roll and bounce are also predicted. KW - Car rocking KW - Computer programs KW - Mathematical models KW - Railroad cars KW - Ride quality KW - Rock and roll KW - Rocking KW - Rolling KW - Suspension systems KW - Train track dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/43788 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00139452 AU - Thomas, L R AU - MacMillan, R D AU - Martin, G C AU - Association of American Railroads Research Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Railway Progress Institute AU - Transportation Development Agency Centre TI - QUASI-STATIC LATERAL TRAIN STABILITY MODEL. PROGRAMMING MANUAL PY - SP - 28 p. AB - The "Quasi-Static Lateral Train Stability Model" models a train for a force equilibrium condition. The model consists of two principal parts, the TRACK coordinate generation program and the TRAIN program. The TRACK program produces in coordinate form, the track section along which the train consist is to be simulated. The TRAIN program then models the train consist, usually at various positions on the track. The TRACK program establishes coordinates of the continuous track including tangents, spirals, curves, and combinations of them. The TRAIN program consists of a coupler "submodel" and a vehicle "submodel". The coupler submodel calculates the lateral force at the coupler pin due to drawbar forces and also computes coupler angles and alignment control moments. The vehicle submodel develops the lateral loads at the bolster centers using the lateral forces developed in the coupler submodel. Equilibrium is established if the directions of the bolster lateral loads and the bolster displacements are the same. If equilibrium is not achieved, the positions of the units are changed and same procedure repeated until an equilibrium is attained. An independent L/V ratio calculator is also available. Both TRACK and TRAIN programs have been operated on an IBM 370/158 using the level G Fortran compiler. Maximum core required for execution was 292K bytes (Train). KW - Coefficients KW - Computer programs KW - Couplers KW - Derailments KW - Force KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Ibm 370 KW - Lateral dynamics KW - Overturning KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail overturning KW - Railroad tracks KW - Structural design KW - Superelevation KW - Track geometry KW - Train operations KW - Train performance KW - Train track dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/43783 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00139451 AU - Thomas, L R AU - MacMillan, R D AU - Martin, G C AU - Association of American Railroads Research Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Railway Progress Institute AU - Transportation Development Agency Centre TI - QUASI-STATIC LATERAL TRAIN STABILITY MODEL. USER'S MANUAL PY - SP - 79 p. AB - The computer program simulates a train section (which could represent an entire train) of up to 100 vehicles on a given track in either buff or draft condition. The model calculates lateral forces at the bolster centers and coupler pins, coupler angles, moments due to alignment control, bolster displacements, centrifugal and superelevation forces, and L/V ratios for both wheel climb and rail rollover. A quasi-static equilibrium position is attained when the bolster displacement and the lateral force are in the same direction. The consist is moved along the track and examined at intervals determined by the speed and time step specified by the user. The track length is limited to 2500 feet. The major application of the program is to investigate the influence of track geometry, vehicle parameters and buff (or draft) loading on the behavior of a train consist. KW - Coefficients KW - Computer programs KW - Couplers KW - Derailments KW - Force KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Ibm 370 KW - Lateral dynamics KW - Overturning KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail overturning KW - Railroad tracks KW - Structural design KW - Superelevation KW - Track geometry KW - Train operations KW - Train performance KW - Train track dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/43782 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00084914 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRACK MEASUREMENT FOR TODAY'S RAILROAD SYSTEMS PY - SP - 13 p. AB - This brochure describes the FRA Improved Track Inspection and Data Collection Technology Programs which utilize the Track Geometry Test Cars and Vehicle Dynamic Measurement Systems for the purpose of improving railroad safety, efficiency and economy. The data produced by the cars--through precise measurement of existing track structures--are used to plan effective track maintenance programs and to support the design of tomorrow's high-speed railroads. KW - Data collection KW - High speed track KW - Inspection KW - Inspection cars KW - Maintenance of way KW - Quality control KW - Railroad tracks KW - Safety KW - Track inspection KW - Track quality KW - U.S. Federal Railroad Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23420 ER -