FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Suarez, JC Bruntt, H Buzasi, D AF Suarez, JC Bruntt, H Buzasi, D TI Modelling of the fast rotating delta Scuti star Altair SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : variables : delta Sct; stars : rotation; stars : oscillations; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : interiors; stars : individual : Altair ID F-TYPE STARS; PULSATION MODELS; A-TYPE; OSCILLATIONS; ASTEROSEISMOLOGY; IDENTIFICATIONS; PARAMETERS; OPACITIES; VARIABLES; AMPLITUDE AB We present an asteroseismic study of the fast rotating star HD187642 (Altair), recently discovered to be a delta Scuti pulsator. We have computed models taking into account rotation for increasing rotational velocities. We investigate the relation between the fundamental radial mode and the first overtone in the framework of Petersen diagrams. The effects of rotation on such diagrams, which become important at rotational velocities above 150 km s(-1), as well as the domain of validity of our seismic tools are discussed. We also investigate the radial and non-radial modes in order to constrain models fitting the five most dominant observed oscillation modes. C1 CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada, Spain. USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Astron Observ, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Suarez, JC (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada, Spain. EM jcsuarez@iaa.es; derek.buzasi@usafa.af.mil; bruntt@phys.au.dk RI Suarez, Juan Carlos/C-1015-2009 OI Suarez, Juan Carlos/0000-0003-3649-8384 NR 43 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 438 IS 2 BP 633 EP 641 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20042410 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 944KW UT WOS:000230428000024 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW AF Kahler, SW TI Characteristic times of gradual solar energetic particle events and their dependence on associated coronal mass ejection properties SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar wind; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : particle emission ID FAST-WIND REGIONS; DRIVEN SHOCKS; RADIO-BURSTS; MEV PROTONS; LARGE-ANGLE; ACCELERATION; FLARE; SPACECRAFT; TRANSPORT; MODEL AB We use 20 MeV proton intensities from the EPACT instrument on Wind and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from the LASCO coronagraph on SOHO observed during 1998 - 2002 to statistically determine three characteristic times of gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events as functions of solar source longitude: ( 1) T(O), the time from associated CME launch to SEP onset at 1 AU, (2) T(R), the rise time from SEP onset to the time when the SEP intensity is a factor of 2 below peak intensity, and ( 3) T(D), the duration over which the SEP intensity is within a factor of 2 of the peak intensity. Those SEP event times are compared with associated CME speeds, accelerations, and widths to determine whether and how the SEP event times may depend on the formation and dynamics of coronal/interplanetary shocks driven by the CMEs. Solar source longitudinal variations are clearly present in the SEP times, but T(R) and T(D) are significantly correlated with CME speeds only for SEP events in the best-connected longitude range. No significant correlations between the SEP times and CME accelerations are found except for T(D) in one longitude range, but there is a weak correlation of T(R) and T(D) with CME widths. We also find no correlation of any SEP times with the solar wind O(+7)/O(+6) values, suggesting no dependence on solar wind stream type. The SEP times of the small subset of events occurring in interplanetary CMEs may be slightly shorter than those of all events. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM stephen.kahler@hanscom.af.mil NR 63 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 628 IS 2 BP 1014 EP 1022 DI 10.1086/431194 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 949VX UT WOS:000230817300042 ER PT J AU McKinley, RA Tripp, LD Bolia, SD Roark, MR AF McKinley, RA Tripp, LD Bolia, SD Roark, MR TI Computer modeling of acceleration effects on cerebral oxygen saturation SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE G physiology; blood flow; high G ID FEMALE EXPOSURE; ACUTE-HYPOXIA AB Introduction: Failure to effectively regulate BP and cerebral perfusion during high-G aircraft maneuvering may contribute to reduced performance in pilots due to the fact that perfusion to the peripheral cerebral tissues may not be adequate to support the mental demands of flight. Therefore, a critical area of investigation is the study of cortical tissue oxygenation responses to +Gz acceleration. Methods: Two experiments were used to build two sections of a cerebral oxygen saturation (602) model. Experiment 1: Six subjects participated in the study. A cerebral oximeter (gold standard) provided 602, Acceleration profiles (subjects relaxed) included a 0.1 G center dot s(-1) G onset to central light loss (CLL) and a 3 G center dot s(-1) onset to a G level that was 1 Gz above CLL to an endpoint of G-LOC. Experiment 2: There were 12 subjects (with G protection) who participated in this study. The rSo(2) data were collected during five different simulated aerial combat maneuvers. A model was created that read the Gz profile as input and calculated changes in rSo(2). The correlation coefficient, linear best-fit slope, and mean percent error were calculated to determine agreement. Results: The average value for the correlation coefficients, linear best-fit slopes, and mean percent errors for the unprotected subjects were 0.79, 0.87, and 6.08, respectively. These values for the protected subjects were 5 G (0.994, 1.011, 0.384), 6 G (0.994, 0.909, 0.811), 7 G (0.986, 1.061, 0.692), 8 G (0.969, 1.016, 1.300), and 9 G (0.994, 0.979, 0.558), respectively. Discussion: The model is a good predictor of rSo(2) values for protected and unprotected subjects under +Gz stress. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Aircrew Performance & Protect Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McKinley, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Aircrew Performance & Protect Branch, 2215 1st St,Bldg 33, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Richard.McKinley2@wpafb.af.mil NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 76 IS 8 BP 733 EP 738 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 950MM UT WOS:000230861400004 PM 16110688 ER PT J AU Webb, JT Beckstrand, DP Pilmanis, AA Baldwin, UI AF Webb, JT Beckstrand, DP Pilmanis, AA Baldwin, UI TI Decompression sickness during simulated extravehicular activity: Ambulation vs. non-ambulation SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE DCS; exercise; adynamia; denitrogenation; preoxygenation; prebreathe ID EXERCISE; RISK AB Background: Extravehicular activity (EVA) is required from the International Space Station on a regular basis. Because of the weightless environment during EVA, physical activity is performed using mostly upper-body movements since the lower body is anchored for stability. The adynamic model (restricted lower-body activity; non-ambulation) was designed to simulate this environment during earthbound studies of decompression sickness (DCS) risk. DCS symptoms during ambulatory (walking) and non-ambulatory high altitude exposure activity were compared. The objective was to determine if symptom incidences during ambulatory and non-ambulatory exposures are comparable and provide analogous estimates of risk under otherwise identical conditions. Methods: A retrospective analysis was accomplished on DCS symptoms from 2010 ambulatory and 330 non-ambulatory exposures. Results: There was no significant difference between the overall incidence of DCS or joint-pain DCS in the ambulatory (49%, and 40%) vs. the non-ambulatory exposures (53% and 36% p > 0.1). DCS involving joint pain only in the lower body was higher during ambulatory exposures (28%,) than non-ambulatory exposures (18%; p < 0.01). Non-ambulatory exposures terminated more frequently with non-joint-pain DCS (17%) or upperbody-only joint pain (18%) as compared with ambulatory exposures, 9% and 11% (p < 0.01), respectively. Discussion: These findings show that lower-body, weight-bearing activity shifts the incidence of joint-pain DCS from the upper body to the lower body without altering the total incidence of DCS or joint-pain DCS. Conclusions: Use of data from previous and future subject exposures involving ambulatory activity while decompressed appears to be a valid analogue of non-ambulatory activity in determining DCS risk during simulated EVA studies. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Biosci & Protect Div, Brooks AFB, TX USA. SGOAF, 14MDOS, Columbus AFB, MS USA. Wyle Labs, Life Sci Grp, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Webb, JT (reprint author), 13818 Chittim Oak, San Antonio, TX 78232 USA. EM chittim@swbell.net NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 76 IS 8 BP 778 EP 781 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 950MM UT WOS:000230861400011 PM 16110695 ER PT J AU Lyons, KM Watson, KA Carter, CD Donbar, JM AF Lyons, KM Watson, KA Carter, CD Donbar, JM TI On flame holes and local extinction in lifted-jet diffusion flames SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; EDGE-FLAMES; VELOCIMETRY; SCALAR C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Pacific, Dept Mech Engn, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. USAF, AFRL, PRA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lyons, KM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Box 7910, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM lyons@eos.ncsu.edu NR 16 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD AUG PY 2005 VL 142 IS 3 BP 308 EP 313 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.04.006 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 952ZN UT WOS:000231045100014 ER PT J AU Wilkes, JS Williams, ML Musselman, RL AF Wilkes, JS Williams, ML Musselman, RL TI Electrochemical magnetohydrodynamic pumping of ionic liquids SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ionic liquid; magnetohydrodynamic pump ID ALUMINUM-CHLORIDE; ELECTRODEPOSITION AB An ionic liquid was chosen as a new type of fluid used to demonstrate the magnetohydrodynamic pumping principle using an ionic current derived from an electrochemical reaction. A simple pump was constructed and was successful in achieving moderate flow rates, as well as reversibility in flow direction and in electrochemical reaction. The Lorentz Law is applicable to, this situation thus allowing the Lorentz force to be calculated. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Wilkes, JS (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Chem, 2355 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2 N 225, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA ARUSUICHIGAYA202, 4-8-30, KUDANMINAMI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0074, JAPAN SN 1344-3542 J9 ELECTROCHEMISTRY JI Electrochemistry PD AUG PY 2005 VL 73 IS 8 BP 742 EP 744 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 954OZ UT WOS:000231165700046 ER PT J AU Daum, LT Shaw, MW Klimov, AI Canas, LC Macias, EA Niemeyer, D Chambers, JP Renthal, R Shrestha, SK Acharya, RP Huzdar, SP Rimal, N Myint, KS Gould, P AF Daum, LT Shaw, MW Klimov, AI Canas, LC Macias, EA Niemeyer, D Chambers, JP Renthal, R Shrestha, SK Acharya, RP Huzdar, SP Rimal, N Myint, KS Gould, P TI Influenza A (H3N2) outbreak, Nepal SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VIRUS HEMAGGLUTININ; ANTIBODY; PROTEIN; M2 AB In July 2004, an outbreak of influenza A (H3N2) was detected at 3 Bhutanese refugee camps in southeastern Nepal. Hemagglutination inhibition showed that approximate to 40% of the viruses from this outbreak were antigenically distinct from the A/Wyoming/3/03 vaccine strain. Four amino acid differences were observed in most of the 26 isolates compared with the A/Wyoming/3/2003 vaccine strain. All 4 substitutions are located within or adjacent to known antibody-binding sites. Several isolates showed a lysine-to-asparagine substitution at position 145 (K145N) in the hemagglutinin molecule, which may be noteworthy since position 145 is located within a glycosylation site and adjacent to an antibody-binding site. H3N2 viruses continue to drift from the vaccine strain and may remain as the dominant strains during the 2005-2006 influenza season. Thus, the 2005-2006 Northern Hemisphere vaccine strain was changed to A/California/7/2004, a virus with all 4 amino acid substitutions observed in these Nepalese isolates. C1 USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Walter Reed Army Forces Res Inst, Med Sci Res Unit, Kathmandu, Nepal. Assoc Med Doctors Asia Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, USA, Med Component, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Daum, LT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, Bldg 175 W, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM Luke.Daum@brooks.af.mil NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2005 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1186 EP 1191 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 950RL UT WOS:000230874900004 PM 16102305 ER PT J AU Nickerson, S Mayes, JS Welsh, JS AF Nickerson, S Mayes, JS Welsh, JS TI Multi-continuum analysis of thermally induced matrix cracking SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Heterogeneous Materials Mechanics (ICHMM) CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Chongqing Univ, Chongqing, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Chongqing Univ DE micro-structure; strength; damage mechanics; failure criterion; finite element analysis (FEA) ID COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; MULTICONTINUUM THEORY; TRANSVERSE CRACKING; FAILURE CRITERIA; STRENGTH; DAMAGE AB Matrix micro-cracking due to thermal loading is a major concern in composite cryogenic tanks because it presents permeation paths for the stored fluids and gases. Accurate prediction of composite damage due to micro-crack initiation is thus an important aspect of tank analysis and design. In the research presented, failure criteria are applied at both the composite (macro-) and constituent (micro-) scale in an effort to assess the most effective analysis techniques for predicting composite damage. Constituent scale information is developed using multi-continuum theory, a classic strain decomposition approach. Numerical predictions are correlated against experimental results. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Alfred Univ, Mech Engn Program, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Mayes, JS (reprint author), Alfred Univ, Mech Engn Program, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. EM mayesjs@alfred.edu NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1993 EP 2008 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2004.11.011 PG 16 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 931PH UT WOS:000229496800014 ER PT J AU Pozhar, LA Yeates, AT Szmulowicz, F Mitchel, WC AF Pozhar, LA Yeates, AT Szmulowicz, F Mitchel, WC TI Small atomic clusters as prototypes for sub-nanoscale heterostructure units with pre-designed electronic properties SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; NANOMATERIALS; NANOSYSTEMS; FABRICATION; NANOFLUIDS; VISCOSITY; SURFACE AB Electronic energy level patterns of small stable, pre-designed clusters composed of In, Ga and As atoms are calculated using a multi-configuration self-consistent field approximation. The structure and composition of the clusters are chosen to reflect their formation in confinement or on surfaces. Manipulations with these parameters permit to engineer computationally clusters with pre-designed electronic properties. Such virtually synthesized atomic clusters can serve as prototypes for experimental sub-nanoscale heterostructure (SNHS) units. Stability of such clusters was confirmed recently by experiment. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Chem, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. RP Pozhar, LA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Liudmila.Pozhar@wku.edu NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 BP 380 EP 386 DI 10.1209/epl/i2005-10106-3 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 953VJ UT WOS:000231108800007 ER PT J AU McQuay, WK AF McQuay, WK TI Distributed collaborative environments for systems engineering SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB Distributed collaboration is an emerging technology for the 21(st) century that will significantly change how business is conducted in the defense and commercial sectors. Collaboration involves two or more geographically dispersed individuals working together to create a "product" by sharing and exchanging data, information, and knowledge. A product is defined broadly to include, for example, writing a report, creating software, designing hardware, or implementing robust systems engineering processes in an organization. Collaborative environments provide the framework and integrate models, simulations, domain specific tools, and virtual test beds to facilitate collaboration between the multiple disciplines needed in the enterprise. The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) is conducting a leading edge program in developing distributed collaborative technologies targeted to the Air Force's implementation of systems engineering for simulation-aided acquisition and test process and capability-based planning. The research is focusing on the open systems agent-based framework, product and process modeling, structural architecture, and the integration technologies - the glue to integrate the software components. In past four years, two live assessment events have been conducted to demonstrate the technology in support of Air Force Agile Acquisition that included capabilities for system engineering. The AFRL Collaborative Environment concept will foster a major cultural change in how the acquisition, training, and operational communities conduct business. C1 USAF, Res Lab, IFSD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McQuay, WK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, IFSD, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 20 IS 8 BP 7 EP 12 DI 10.1109/MAES.2005.1499287 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 955OL UT WOS:000231235500003 ER PT J AU Altshuler, E AF Altshuler, E TI R. W. P. King 100th birthday celebration SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 USAF, Res Lab, Div Electromagnet Technol, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Altshuler, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Div Electromagnet Technol, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM Edward.Altshuler@hanscom.af.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 47 IS 4 BP 159 EP 160 DI 10.1109/MAP.2005.1589921 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 004QT UT WOS:000234768000012 ER PT J AU Steyskal, H Ramprecht, J Holter, H AF Steyskal, H Ramprecht, J Holter, H TI Spiral elements for broad-band phased arrays SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE broad-band arrays; phased arrays; spiral antennas AB In this paper, we present a numerical analysis of an infinite periodic array of planar spiral elements with octave bandwidth. For off-broadside scan the array is found to exhibit very narrow resonances, which are independent of scan angle. They occur when the spiral arms are multiples of half a wavelength, in which case the current forms a high amplitude standing wave along the spiral arms. The resonances are conveniently suppressed by making the arms unequally long. We also discuss the equivalent 3-port for this nonsymmetrical array element and evaluate the element polarization performance. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01730 USA. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Electromagnet Theory, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. Saab Bofors Dynam AB, SE-17588 Jarfalla, Sweden. RP Steyskal, H (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01730 USA. EM hans.steyskal@hanscom.af.mil NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 53 IS 8 BP 2558 EP 2562 DI 10.1109/TAP.2005.852309 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 954LH UT WOS:000231156100024 ER PT J AU Altshuler, EE O'Donnell, TH Yaghjian, AD Best, SR AF Altshuler, EE O'Donnell, TH Yaghjian, AD Best, SR TI A monopole superdirective array SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE antennas; array; monopole; resonance; superdirectivity AB In principle, the end-fire directivity of a linear periodic array of N isotropic radiators can approach N-2 as the spacing between elements decreases, provided the magnitude and phase of the input excitations are properly chosen. Thus, the directivity of a two-element array of isotropic radiators would approach a value of four, that is, 6 dB higher than that of a single isotropic radiator. We have conducted a theoretical, computational, and experimental study for a two-element superdirective array of resonant monopoles. In agreement with the theoretical and computational curves, the measured gain of the monopole array does indeed continually increase with decreasing spacing of the monopoles, provided the relative magnitudes and phases are maintained. However, for very small separation, maximum achievable gain is not reached due to the presence of ohmic loss. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Altshuler, EE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM edward.altshuler@hanscom.af.mil NR 9 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 53 IS 8 BP 2653 EP 2661 DI 10.1109/TAP.2005.851810 PN 2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 954LK UT WOS:000231156400009 ER PT J AU Feinstein, J Arroyo, R AF Feinstein, J Arroyo, R TI Successful treatment of childhood onset refractory polyarteritis nodosa with tumor necrosis factor alpha blockade SO JCR-JOURNAL OF CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE polyarteritis nodosa; tumor necrosis factor alpha; treatment ID CHURG-STRAUSS-SYNDROME; KAWASAKI-DISEASE; SYSTEMIC VASCULITIS; INFLIXIMAB; EFFICACY; THERAPY AB Polyarteritis nodosa is a rare systemic necrotizing vasculitis of small- and medium-sized arteries that affects patients of all ages. Its incidence ranges from 2 to 9 per million people. The 5-year survival rate is 13% in untreated patients and 77.6% with modern therapy. Standard treatment includes corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide. Despite aggressive medical management, 22.4% of patients die within 5 years, and of the survivors, medication-induced morbidity is frequent. There is great need for better treatment modalities in terms of safety and efficacy. We report the case of a 5-year-old boy with polyarteritis nodosa refractory to all known standard treatments. After 9 years of persistently active disease, at the age of 14, he was successfully managed with the tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonist, etanercept. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Rheumatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Internal Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Feinstein, J (reprint author), 759 MDOS-MMIR,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Jeffrey.Feinstein@lackland.af.mil NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-1608 J9 JCR-J CLIN RHEUMATOL JI JCR-J. Clin. Rheumatol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 11 IS 4 BP 219 EP 222 DI 10.1097/01.rhu.0000173225.41933.83 PG 4 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 956CM UT WOS:000231276500008 PM 16357761 ER PT J AU Senft, DC AF Senft, DC TI Progress in crystalline multijunction and thin-film photovoltaics SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE photovoltaics; III-V semiconductors; multijunction solar cells; thin-film solar cells ID III-NITRIDE ALLOYS; SOLAR-CELL; GAAS AB Photovoltaics are important in terrestrial applications such as remote power and renewable energy but are the primary source of electrical power for space systems. Here, priorities are high conversion efficiency and resistance to radiation-induced degradation and emphasis is on III-V multijunction solar cells and lower efficiency but flexible, lightweight thin-film solar cells. Triple junction III-V solar cells have reached conversion efficiencies of 30% at air mass zero (AM0). New lattice mismatch techniques and nitride materials hold promise for further efficiency increases. Thin-film solar cells generally have less than 15% efficiency but greater radiation resistance, lower cost, and lower mass. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Senft, DC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM donna.senft@kirtland.af.mil NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1099 EP 1103 DI 10.1007/s11664-005-0236-9 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 953CE UT WOS:000231052800002 ER PT J AU Fellows, JA Yeo, YK Ryu, MY Hengehold, RL AF Fellows, JA Yeo, YK Ryu, MY Hengehold, RL TI Electrical and optical activation studies of Si-implanted GaN SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE GaN; Hall-effect measurement; photoluminescence (PL); implantation; activation; mobility ID GALLIUM NITRIDE; DONORS; LAYER AB Comprehensive and systematic electrical and optical activation studies of Si-implanted GaN were made as a function of ion dose and anneal temperature. Silicon ions were implanted at 200 keV with doses ranging from 1 X 10(13) cm(-2) to 5 X 10(15) cm(-2) at room temperature. The samples were proximity-cap annealed from 1050 degrees C to 1350 degrees C with a 500-angstrom-thick AlN cap in a nitrogen environment. The optimum anneal temperature for high dose implanted samples is approximately 1350 degrees C, exhibiting nearly 100% electrical activation efficiency. For low dose (<= 5 X 10(14) cm(-2)) samples, the electrical activation efficiencies continue to increase with an anneal temperature through 1350 degrees C. Consistent with the electrical results, the photoluminescence (PL) measurements show excellent implantation damage recovery after annealing the samples at 1350 degrees C for 20 sec, exhibiting a sharp neutral-donor-bound exciton peak along with a sharp donor-acceptor pair peak. The mobilities increase with anneal temperature, and the highest mobility obtained is 250 cm(2)/Vs. The results also indicate that the AlN cap protected the implanted GaN layer during high-temperature annealing without creating significant anneal-induced damage. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Kangweon Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Chunchon 200701, South Korea. RP Fellows, JA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM yung.yeo@afit.edu NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1157 EP 1164 DI 10.1007/s11664-005-0245-8 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 953CE UT WOS:000231052800011 ER PT J AU Kashyap, VS Franklin, KS Fitzpatrick, CM AF Kashyap, VS Franklin, KS Fitzpatrick, CM TI Bilateral brachial artery occlusion decreases internal carotid artery volume flow: A simple adjunct for cerebral protection? SO JOURNAL OF ENDOVASCULAR THERAPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Clinical-Vascular-Surgery CY MAR 10-13, 2004 CL Rancho Mirage, CA SP Soc Clin Vasc Surg DE carotid artery; brachial artery; occlusion; circle of Willis ID BLOOD-FLOW; ANGIOPLASTY; BIFURCATION; ENDARTERECTOMY; CIRCULATION; DEVICES; SYSTEM AB Purpose: To investigate if a decrease in internal carotid artery (ICA) blood flow occurs with bilateral brachial artery occlusion (13130), which may improve the effectiveness of cerebral protection devices during carotid interventions. Methods: Thirty-two asymptomatic patients (21 men; mean age 67 years) with carotid atherosclerosis between 15% and 79% were enrolled in the study. Carotid duplex ultrasound was followed by volume flow rate (VF) determination in the right ICA, external carotid (ECA), and vertebral arteries. After baseline values were obtained, 13130 was induced by bilateral arm pressure cuff inflation to 30 mmHg over the systolic pressure for no more than 3 minutes. VF measurements were repeated. Results: Seventeen patients (responders) had an ICA VF decrease from 406 +/- 109 mL/min (+/- SD) to 303 +/- 90 mL/min (p=0.005), while 15 patients (nonresponders) had no significant change in their ICA VF (340 +/- 192 versus 447 +/- 267 mL/min, p=0.22). In responders, ECA VF increased (190 +/- 65 to 232 +/- 125 mL/min), as did vertebral VF (77 +/- 53 to 95 +/- 60 mL/min; p > 0.05). The ratio of ICA/ECA VF dropped from 2.13 to 1.31 in responders, but did not change in nonresponders. No patient exhibited any neurological symptoms during the study. Post cuff volume flows approximated baseline values. Cerebral magnetic resonance angiograms obtained in 10 responders revealed a complete circle of Willis in 8 (80%), while only 1 (16%) of 6 nonresponders had a complete pathway. Conclusions: A transient decrease in ICA VF, with concomitant elevations of the ECA and vertebral VFs, occurs with occlusion of the brachial arteries in the setting of a complete circle of Willis. Since no flow reversal occurs, this maneuver is insufficient to provide complete cerebral protection, but it may improve the effectiveness of cerebral protection devices and serve as an adjunctive maneuver in selected cases. Furthermore, changes in ICA VF may prove to be a noninvasive test for evaluating the integrity of the circle of Willis. C1 Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Vasc Surg, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Kashyap, VS (reprint author), Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Vasc Surg, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. EM KASHYAV@ccf.org NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1526-6028 J9 J ENDOVASC THER JI J. Endovascular Ther. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 12 IS 4 BP 454 EP 460 DI 10.1583/05-1518MR.1 PG 7 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 953KA UT WOS:000231073900005 PM 16048377 ER PT J AU Shepard, MJ AF Shepard, MJ TI Laser shock processing induced residual compression: Impact on predicted crack growth threshold performance SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE crack growth; design; fatigue; laser shock processing; residual stress AB Design credit is not currently taken for laser shock processing (LSP) induced compressive residual stresses in damage tolerant design. The inclusion of these and other compressive stresses in design practice has the potential to dramatically increase predicted fatigue crack growth threshold performance and damage tolerant design life. In the current effort, Ti-6Al-4V coupons will be subjected to shot peening, glass bead peening, and high intensity laser shock processing. The in-depth residual stresses due to processing will be analyzed and then input into a linear elastic fracture mechanics analysis code to predict fatigue crack growth threshold performance. This analysis establishes both the utility and feasibility of incorporating LSP-induced compressive residual stresses into damage tolerant design practice. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shepard, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.shepard@wpafb.af.mil NR 28 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 14 IS 4 BP 495 EP 502 DI 10.1361/105994905X56214 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 954VT UT WOS:000231184000013 ER PT J AU Parco, JE Rapoport, A Amaldoss, W AF Parco, JE Rapoport, A Amaldoss, W TI Two-stage contests with budget constraints: An experimental study SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE two-stage; rent-seeking; tournament; contest; EWA; experiment ID RENT-SEEKING CONTESTS; PROBABILITY WEIGHTING FUNCTION; FORM GAMES; AUCTIONS; UNCERTAINTY; MONOPOLY; BIDDERS; COSTS; BUYER AB We report the results of an experiment on two-stage contests with budget-constrained agents competing to win an exogenously determined prize. In stage 1, agents first compete within their own groups by expending resources, and then in stage 2 the winners of each group compete with one another to win the prize by expending additional resources subject to the budget constraint. Winners in each stage are determined by Tullock's proportional contest success function. We present the subgame perfect equilibrium solution for this model, derive predictions for our experiment, and then test them experimentally. In agreement with previous experimental research on single-stage contests, the equilibrium model is flatly rejected due to over-expenditure in stage 1. A descriptive model that extends the equilibrium solution by allowing for (1) non-pecuniary utility of winning and (2) misperception of the probability of winning better accounts for some, but not all, of the behavioral regularities. Taking an alternative approach, we then turn to an adaptive learning model that accounts for several features of the dynamics of play but still significantly underpredicts the stage 1 expenditures. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Management & Policy, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Econ, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Duke Univ, Dept Mkt, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Parco, JE (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Management, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 6H-126, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM james.parco@usafa.af.mil; amnon@u.arizona.edu; wilfred.amaldoss@mail.duke.edu RI Parco, James/I-4836-2012 NR 45 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 5 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2496 J9 J MATH PSYCHOL JI J. Math. Psychol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 49 IS 4 BP 320 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.jmp.2005.03.002 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Psychology, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Psychology GA 960HT UT WOS:000231581900005 ER PT J AU Toijanic, LA Eckert, SE Roumanas, E Beumer, J Huryn, JM Zlotolow, IM Reisberg, DJ Habakuk, SW Wright, RF Rubenstein, JE Schneid, TR Mullasseril, P Garcia, LT Bedard, JF Choi, YG AF Toijanic, LA Eckert, SE Roumanas, E Beumer, J Huryn, JM Zlotolow, IM Reisberg, DJ Habakuk, SW Wright, RF Rubenstein, JE Schneid, TR Mullasseril, P Garcia, LT Bedard, JF Choi, YG TI Osseointegrated craniofacial implants in the rehabilitation of orbital defects: An update of a retrospective experience in the United States SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Meeting of the International-Society-for-Maxillofacial-Rehabilitation CY OCT, 2002 CL Okinawa, JAPAN SP Int Soc Maxillofacial Rehabilitat ID FOLLOW-UP; DENTAL IMPLANTS; PROSTHESES AB Statement of problem. Since their introduction, craniofacial implants have been used in prosthetic rehabilitation of facial defects. The literature, however, indicates marked variability in outcomes using implants for the retention of orbital prostheses. Purpose. A multicenter report updating the experience in the United States with the use of craniofacial implants for prosthetic rehabilitation of orbital defects is presented. Material and methods. Surveys were sent to clinicians at 25 centers where maxillofacial prosthetic treatment is provided to obtain retrospective data regarding patients who completed implant - retained orbital prosthetic rehabilitation. Data on implant placement location, radiation treatment history, and use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy were collected and assessed in relationship to implant survival over time. The Kaplan-Meier life table and Wilcoxon analyses (alpha=.05) were used to assess the significance of the findings. Results. Ten centers responded, providing data suitable for statistical analysis on 153 implants placed to retain 44 orbital prostheses and followed for a mean period of 52.6 months. Forty-one implant integration failures occurred during this follow-up period, resulting in an overall integration survival rate of 73.2%. No significant relationship was found between radiation treatment history, hyperbaric oxygen therapy history, or implant placement location and implant survival. Individual responses revealed large variability between reporting centers in treatment outcomes. Conclusion. Craniofacial implants may offer marked benefits in the prosthetic rehabilitation of orbital defects when compared to conventional adhesive retention designs. However, questions remain regarding long-term predictability and the impact specific factors may have on treatment outcomes. Insufficient data is currently available from which to draw statistically meaningful conclusions. The establishment of a national database designed to acquire adequate data to assess treatment outcomes is recommended. C1 Univ Chicago, Sect Dent, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Mayo Med Sch, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Dent, Div Adv Prosthodont Biomat & Hosp Dent, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, Dent Serv, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Pacific, Arthur A Dugoni Sch Dent, Dept Prosthodont, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Illinois, Med Ctr, Coll Med, Craniofacial Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Dent Med, Sch Dent & Oral Surg, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Dent, Dept Restorat Dent, Div Prosthodont,Prosthodont Fac Practice & Maxill, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dent Squadron 59, Lackland AFB, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Univ Oklahoma, Coll Dent, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Dent, Dept Prosthodont, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Bundang Juseang Hosp, Dent Data Ctr, Seongnam, South Korea. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Toijanic, LA (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Sect Dent, MC-2108,5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM jtoljani@surgery.bsd.uchicago.edu OI Huryn, Joseph/0000-0002-7130-6264 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 94 IS 2 BP 177 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.prosdent.2005.04.016 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 952HI UT WOS:000230994200009 ER PT J AU Heidler, JT AF Heidler, JT TI The Seminole Wars: America's longest Indian conflict SO JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Heidler, JT (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, HISTORY DEPT, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0022-4642 J9 J SOUTHERN HIST JI J. South. Hist. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 BP 680 EP 681 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 952XS UT WOS:000231040000022 ER PT J AU Davidson, JS Fisher, JW Hammons, MI Porter, JR Dinan, RJ AF Davidson, JS Fisher, JW Hammons, MI Porter, JR Dinan, RJ TI Failure mechanisms of polymer-reinforced concrete masonry walls subjected to blast SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE blast loads; masonry; failures; finite elements; polymers; terrorism; concrete, reinforced ID RETROFIT AB Recent terrorist attacks indicate the improvised explosive device as the choice terror tactic. Over the past decade, the U.S. Department of Defense has encouraged and sponsored research toward developing methods of reinforcing structures to protect building occupants from the effects of external explosion. The focus of wall reinforcement research has recently shifted from applying stiff fiber-reinforced composites to using lower-strength higher-elongation elastomeric polymers that can be easily applied to the wall interior. This paper presents recent efforts that have demonstrated an innovative use of thin-membrane elastomeric polymers to prevent breaching and collapse of unreinforced masonry walls subjected to blast. The complex array of failure mechanisms observed from recent explosive tests is discussed. Effects of structural and nonstructural parameters are described with the aid of finite-element simulations. Finally, the needs and direction of future blast reinforcement developments are outlined. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Appl Res Associates Inc, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Appl Res Associates Inc, Gainesville, FL 32606 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Davidson, JS (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 17 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2005 VL 131 IS 8 BP 1194 EP 1205 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:8(1194) PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 948HV UT WOS:000230707600004 ER PT J AU Salim, H Dinan, R Shull, J Townsend, PT AF Salim, H Dinan, R Shull, J Townsend, PT TI Shock load capacity of concrete expansion anchoring systems in uncracked concrete SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE blast loads; bearing capacity; cracking; concrete; anchoring AB Concrete anchoring systems are commonly used in blast resistant wall systems. These anchoring systems are often subjected to large tensile forces in a short time during an external blast event. Previous research has been conducted on anchoring systems to evaluate their response to cyclic and "shock" loads; however, the ultimate capacities of these systems were not determined, and tests were conducted at relatively slow loading rates. In this paper, testing has been performed to determine the ultimate capacity of various expansion anchors at high loading rates, which is characteristic of most blast events. Ultimately, concrete expansion anchors perform differently at high loading rates and some show improved ultimate performance. This paper will present the experimental findings and provide recommendations for anchor design under blast loads. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLQF, Tyndall AFB, FL 32404 USA. Black & Veatch Special Projects Corp, Secur Consulting & Design Serv, Overland Pk, KS 66211 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Salim, H (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2005 VL 131 IS 8 BP 1206 EP 1215 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:8(1206) PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 948HV UT WOS:000230707600005 ER PT J AU Salim, H Dinan, R Townsend, PT AF Salim, H Dinan, R Townsend, PT TI Analysis and experimental evaluation of in-fill steel-stud wall systems under blast loading SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE explosions; blast loads; studs; steel; walls; design AB To be able to develop and advance blast-retrofit technologies, it is crucial first to be able to develop prediction methodologies and engineering design tools. Therefore, this paper will present the analytical modeling and experimental evaluation of steel-stud wall systems under blast loads. The results of the static full-scale wall tests, as well as the component tests, are used to evaluate the structural performance of the walls and provide recommendations for blast-retrofit systems. The analytical and experimental static results are used to develop the static resistance function for the wall systems, which is incorporated into a single degree of freedom dynamic model. The dynamic model will enable designers to predict the level of performance of the wall system under any explosion threat level. The analytical model conservatively predicted the measured field results with a maximum difference of 20%. The paper will discuss the performance of blast-retrofit wall systems under static and dynamic field tests simulating large vehicle bombs. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLQF, Tyndall AFB, FL 32404 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Salim, H (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2005 VL 131 IS 8 BP 1216 EP 1225 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:8(1216) PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 948HV UT WOS:000230707600006 ER PT J AU Bhojani, RA Rosenbaum, DH Dikmen, E Paul, M Atkins, BZ Zonies, D Estrera, AS Wait, MA Meyer, DM Jessen, ME DiMaio, JM AF Bhojani, RA Rosenbaum, DH Dikmen, E Paul, M Atkins, BZ Zonies, D Estrera, AS Wait, MA Meyer, DM Jessen, ME DiMaio, JM TI Contemporary assessment of laryngotracheal trauma SO JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article ID EXTERNAL LARYNGEAL TRAUMA; MANAGEMENT; INJURIES; EXPERIENCE; PROTOCOL; TRACHEA; NECK AB Objectives: Laryngotracheal trauma is a rare and potentially deadly spectrum of injuries. We sought to characterize the contemporary mechanisms, diagnostic modalities, and outcomes common in laryngotracheal trauma today. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of all laryngotracheal trauma cases at 2 major metropolitan hospitals between 1996 and 2004, detailing mechanisms, associated injuries, diagnostic modalities, and outcomes of laryngotracheal trauma. Results: We identified 71 patients with a mean age of 32.8 +/- 13.3 years (range, 15-71 years). In our series penetrating trauma was the cause in 73.2% of patients; however, blunt trauma had a significantly higher mortality (63.2% vs 13.5%, respectively; P < .0001). Blunt mechanisms involved older patients (38.5 +/- 15.2 years vs 30.1 +/- 11.9 years, P = .017), and these patients were more likely to require emergency airways than those with penetrating trauma (78.9% vs 46.2%, P = .017). The requirement of an emergency airway was an independent predictor of mortality (P = .0066). Conclusion: Laryngotracheal trauma is a deadly spectrum of injuries with a mortality of 26.8%. Blunt mechanisms are decreasing in frequency. This might reflect improvements in automobile safety. Additionally, violent crime is on the increase, producing penetrating injuries with increasing frequency. The most fundamental intervention for patients with laryngotracheal injury is airway control. Either routine intubation or a tracheostomy can secure the airway. Blunt trauma and the requirement of an emergency airway are independent predictors of mortality. Laryngotracheal trauma requires prompt recognition, airway protection, and skillful management to lessen the mortality of this deadly spectrum of injuries. C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Cardiovasc & Thorac Surg, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. Kirikkale Univ, Dept Thorac Surg, Kirikkale, Turkey. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, Durham, NC USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP DiMaio, JM (reprint author), 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM michael.dimaio@utsouthwestern.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [5T32GM08593] NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-5223 J9 J THORAC CARDIOV SUR JI J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 130 IS 2 BP 426 EP 432 DI 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2004.12.020 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery GA 953IL UT WOS:000231069700029 PM 16077408 ER PT J AU Fitzpatrick, MCM Biggs, KL Atkins, MBZ Quance-Fitch, FJ Dixon, PS Savage, MSA Jenkins, DH Kerby, JD AF Fitzpatrick, MCM Biggs, KL Atkins, MBZ Quance-Fitch, FJ Dixon, PS Savage, MSA Jenkins, DH Kerby, JD TI Prolonged low-volume resuscitation with HBOC-201 in a large-animal survival model of controlled hemorrhage SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma/Japanese-Association-for- Acute-Medicine CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2004 CL Maui, HI SP Amer Assoc Surg Trauma, Japanese Assoc Acute Med DE shock; resuscitation; hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier; HBOC-201; Hextend ID COMBAT CASUALTY CARE; SPECIAL OPERATIONS; HEXTEND(R); WARFARE AB Background: Military guidelines call for two 500-mL, boluses of Hextend for resuscitation in far-forward environments. This study compared a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC-201; Hemopure) to Hextend when used to treat hemorrhagic shock in situations of delayed definitive care military operations. Methods: Yorkshire swine (55-65 kg) were hemorrhaged to a mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of 30 mm Hg. Hypotension was maintained for 45 minutes followed by resuscitation with either Hextend (HEX) (n = 8) or HBOC-201 (HBOC) (n = 8). Over 8 hours, animals received tip to 1,000 nil. of either fluid in an effort to sustain all MAP of 60 mm Hg. At the end of 8 hours, HEX animals received 2 L of lactated Ringer's solution followed by shed blood. HBOC animals received 4 L of lactated Ringer's solution only. Animals were killed and necropsied oil postprocedure day 5. Hemodynamic data were collected during shock and resuscitation. Complete blood counts amylase, lactate, coagulation studies, and renal and liver function were measured throughout the experiment. Results: Equivalent volumes were hemorrhaged from each group (HBOC, 44.3 +/- 2.2 mL/kg; HEX, 47.4 +/- 3.0 mL/ kg). The HBOC group achieved the goal MAP (HBOC, 60.0 +/- 2.3 mm Hg; HEX, 46.4 +/- 2.3 mm Hg; p < 0.01) and required less volume during the initial 8 hours (HBOC, 12.4 +/- 1.4 mL/kg; HEX, 17.3 +/- 0.3 mL/kg; p < 0.01). The HBOC group had lower SvO(2), (HBOC, 46.3 +/- 2.4%; HEX, 50.7 +/- 2.5 %; p = 0.12) and cardiac output (HBOC, 5.8 +/- 0.4 L/min; HEX 7.2 +/- 0.6 L/min; p = 0.05), but higher systemic vascular resistance (HBOC, 821.4 +/- 110.7 dynes center dot s center dot cm(-5); HEX, 489.6 +/- 40.6 dynes center dot s center dot cm(-5); p = 0.01). Base excess, pH, lactate, and urine output did not differ between groups. HEX group survival was 50% (four of eight) versus 88% for the HBOC group (seven of eight). All animals survived the initial 8 hours. Animals surviving 5 days displayed no clinical or laboratory evidence of organ dysfunction in either group. Conclusion: HBOC-201 more effectively restored and maintained perfusion pressures with lower volumes, and allowed for improved survival. These data suggest that hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers are superior to file current standard of care for resuscitation in far-forward military operations. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Surg, Sect Trauma Burns & Surg Crit Care, Birmingham, AL 35242 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Kerby, JD (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Surg, Sect Trauma Burns & Surg Crit Care, 701 19th St S, Birmingham, AL 35242 USA. EM jeffrey.kerby@ccc.uab.edu OI Beilman, Gregory/0000-0001-5036-3027 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD AUG PY 2005 VL 59 IS 2 BP 273 EP 281 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000174730.62338.88 PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 014BX UT WOS:000235454800004 ER PT J AU Savage, SA Fitzpatrick, CM Kashyap, VS Clouse, MWD Kerby, JD AF Savage, SA Fitzpatrick, CM Kashyap, VS Clouse, MWD Kerby, JD TI Endothelial dysfunction after lactated Ringer's solution resuscitation for hemorrhagic shock SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article ID HYPOTENSIVE RESUSCITATION; FLUID RESUSCITATION; IMMEDIATE; VOLUME; BLOOD; MODEL; TRAUMA AB Background: Endothelial dysfunction is presumed to occur after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. This study uses a novel large-animal model to evaluate the effects of diverse resuscitation regimens on endothelial function. Methods: Twenty-seven adult domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) were used in this study. Control pigs (n = 3) underwent instrumentation alone. The remaining pigs experienced controlled hemorrhagic shock to a mean arterial blood pressure of 30 +/- 5 mmHg for 45 minutes. Pigs were resuscitated to their baseline mean arterial blood pressure h 5 mmHg with either shed blood (SB; n = 8), lactated Ringer's solution (40 mL/kg) followed by shed blood (LRSB; n = 8), or lactated Ringer's solution alone (LR; n = 8). At baseline, 1 and 4 hours after resuscitation, acetylcholine (5, 10, and 15 mu g/min) was infused into the proximal iliac artery to measure endothelial dependent relaxation (EDR). Sodium nitroprusside was infused to determine endothelial independent relaxation at the end of the study to ensure smooth muscle vasomotor integrity. External iliac artery luminal diameter was measured using motion-mode ultrasonography. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated-measures analysis of variance with Tukey's post-hoc analysis. Results: All pigs survived the experiment. Pigs required ninefold more resuscitation with LR (370.58 +/- 29 mL,/kg) versus SB (41.45 +/- 3.5 mL/kg) or LRSB (76.4 +/- 1.1 mL/kg) (p < 0.05). EDR for LR pigs I hour after initiation of restiscitation (RI) was 70.4 +/- 14.4% compared with 94.2 +/- 13.4% for SB and 106.1 +/- 8.2% for LRSB (p < 0.05). At 4 hours after resuscitation (R4), systolic luminal diameters were larger in the SB (0.45 +/- 0.01 cm) and LRSB (0.51 +/- 0.02 cm) groups compared with LR (0.41 +/- 0.03 cm) (LRSB versus LR; p = 0.01). At R4, EDR for the LR group was; 78.3 +/- 10.7% compared with SB (101.4 +/- 8.3%) and LRSB (106.4 +/- 7.4%) (p < 0.05). Infusion of sodium nitroprusside confirmed integrity of smooth muscle vasorelaxation. Analysis of serum nitric oxide levels revealed decreased values after resuscitation with LR (9.44 +/- 0.76 mol/L) compared with SB (26.3 +/- 7.8 mol/L) and LRSB (16.3 +/- 1.0 mol/L) (p = not significant). Conclusion: This is the first description of a large-animal model to evaluate EDR after hemorrhagic shock. Resuscitation with LR requires significantly larger volumes than SB or LRSB. LR resuscitation leads to endothelial dysfunction, as determined by decreased EDR, versus SB or LRSB. Resuscitation with blood products may preserve nitric oxide bioactivity when compared with crystalloid resuscitation in the setting of hemorrhagic shock. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Surg, Sect Trauma Burns & Surg Crit Care, Birmingham, AL 35242 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Vasc Surg, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. RP Kerby, JD (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Surg, Sect Trauma Burns & Surg Crit Care, LHRB 112,701 19th St S, Birmingham, AL 35242 USA. EM Jeffrey.Kerby@ccc.uab.edu NR 28 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD AUG PY 2005 VL 59 IS 2 BP 284 EP 290 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000179453.89769.1c PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 014BX UT WOS:000235454800006 PM 16294066 ER PT J AU Black, IH Janus, SA Grathwohl, KW AF Black, IH Janus, SA Grathwohl, KW TI Low-flow transtracheal rescue insufflation of oxygen after profound maturation SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma/Japanese-Association-for- Acute-Medicine CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2004 CL Maui, HI SP Amer Assoc Surg Trauma, Japanese Assoc Acute Med DE apnea; intratracheal intubation; artificial respiration; oxygen inhalation therapy; tracheal insufflaton ID CARDIOPULMONARY-RESUSCITATION; TRACHEAL INSUFFLATION; ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION; MECHANICAL VENTILATION; APNEIC OXYGENATION; ALTERNATIVE METHOD; CANINE MODEL; EFFICACY; COMPRESSION; HYPERCAPNIA AB Background. The objective of this study was to determine whether low-flow transtracheal insufflation of oxygen (TRIO) could rescue an animal from profound desaturation. This temporizing maneuver could be useful during cannot-intubate or -ventilate scenarios by resolving hypoxia without the morbidity associated with more invasive procedures. Methods: Seven swine for a total of 12 runs were studied. Animals were pharmacologically anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated with room air. After disconnection from the ventilator and desaturation to an SPO2 < 50%, low-flow TRIO (2 L/min) was administered for 1 hour. Results. All animals survived and Spo(2) increased to greater than 90% in 23 seconds on average. Pao(2) (mean, 183 mm Hg) remained elevated throughout the runs were studied. Animals were pharmacologically anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated with room air. After disconnection from the ventilator and desaturation to an Spo(2) < 50%, low-flow TRIO (2 L/min) was administered for 1 hour. Results. All animals survived and Spo(2) increased to greater than 90% in 23 seconds on average. Pao(2) (mean, 183 mm Hg) remained elevated throughout the study. Hemodynamic stability was maintained for at least 15 minutes. Conclusion: Low-flow TRIO rescued animals from profound hypoxia and maintained oxygenation for at least 1 hour. Low flow TRIO did not prevent hypercarbia with its subsequent sympathetic activation. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Black, IH (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM ian.h.black@us.army.mil NR 29 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD AUG PY 2005 VL 59 IS 2 BP 344 EP 349 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000174731.75523.98 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 014BX UT WOS:000235454800019 PM 16294073 ER PT J AU Whitman, JM Childs, JD Walker, V AF Whitman, JM Childs, JD Walker, V TI The use of manipulation in a patient with an ankle sprain injury not responding to conventional management: a case report SO MANUAL THERAPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the American-Physical-Therapy-Association CY FEB 23, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Amer Phys Therapy Assoc ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; LATERAL ANKLE; INVERSION SPRAINS; BALLET DANCERS; JOINT; MOBILIZATION; SUBLUXATION; PREDICTION; RANGE C1 Regis Univ, Rueckert Hartman Sch Hlth Profess, Affiliate Fac, Denver, CO 80221 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. W Texas Rehab Ctr, Abilene, TX USA. RP Whitman, JM (reprint author), Regis Univ, Rueckert Hartman Sch Hlth Profess, Affiliate Fac, Mail Code G-9,3333 Regis Blvd, Denver, CO 80221 USA. EM jwhitman@regis.edu NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 5 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 1356-689X J9 MANUAL THER JI Man. Ther. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 10 IS 3 BP 224 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.math.2004.10.003 PG 8 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 953SB UT WOS:000231099700007 PM 16038858 ER PT J AU Wiff, DR Lampert, WV Eiting, CJ McDaniel, GY Glassford, KM AF Wiff, DR Lampert, WV Eiting, CJ McDaniel, GY Glassford, KM TI Modeling rhenium metallization of a silicon-rich (001) 6H-SIC surface SO MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Ohmic contacts; silicon carbide; metallization; rhenium; nickel; modeling ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; CONTACTS; EXCHANGE; ENERGY AB Quantum mechanical CASTEP software calculations were performed using nickel and rhenium atom deposition onto cleaved surfaces (active, hydrogenated, and oxygenated). These calculations were performed without metal atoms and with metal atoms at selected positions (origin, a- and b-axis) in the unit cell. Binding energies for each of the metal atoms (nickel and rhenium) were calculated. Additionally, calculated energy bands with associated density-of-states and partial density-of-states were examined regarding the population of s, p, and d bonding characteristics. Nickel atom deposition onto silicon-rich surfaces tended to bond to the silicon atoms as well as the underlying carbon atoms. However, rhenium atom deposition showed bonding only to the silicon atoms. This was observed experimentally and is reported herein. Experimentally, the rhenium deposition surface is extremely smooth and has only Ohmic characteristics and low resistance. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Westers Reserve Nano Micro Sensors, Poland, OH 44514 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Qynergy Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87114 USA. ENSCO Inc, Melbourne, FL 32940 USA. Accelrys Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Wiff, DR (reprint author), Westers Reserve Nano Micro Sensors, 1720 Daffodil Trail, Poland, OH 44514 USA. EM don.wiff@wrnms.com NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-8001 J9 MAT SCI SEMICON PROC JI Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process PD AUG PY 2005 VL 8 IS 4 BP 497 EP 501 DI 10.1016/j.mssp.2004.07.002 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 930MV UT WOS:000229421000007 ER PT J AU Anttonen, JSR King, PI Beran, PS AF Anttonen, JSR King, PI Beran, PS TI Applications of multi-POD to a pitching and plunging airfoil SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE proper orthogonal decomposition; reduced order modeling; deforming grid AB Multi-POD is a new proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) based reduced order modeling (ROM) technique for modeling flows on deforming grids. Presented is the application of multi-POD to flow about a pitching and plunging airfoil. The multi-POD technique expands the parameter space in which POD is applied through selection of the best available ROM for a given set of grid deformations. For application to unconstrained pitching and plunging motion of an airfoil, multi-POD is shown to be effective when trained for forced grid motion, reducing the training requirements significantly. A three-orders of magnitude reduction in the number of degrees of freedom is also shown in the use of POD/ROM for the aeroelastic problem. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Air Command & Staff Coll, Maxwell AFB, FL USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dpt Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Anttonen, JSR (reprint author), Air Command & Staff Coll, Maxwell AFB, FL USA. EM John.Anttonen@maxwell.a.f.mil; Paul.King@AFIT.edu; Philip.Beran@AFIT.edu NR 13 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3-4 BP 245 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2005.06.003 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 965CD UT WOS:000231926700002 ER PT J AU Abel, NJ Marciniak, MA Haeri, MB Cain, SC AF Abel, NJ Marciniak, MA Haeri, MB Cain, SC TI Wave-optics modeling of aberration effects in optical cross section measurements SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE optical cross section; wave optics; laser radar; LADAR; laser rangefinder AB Laser radar is increasingly used to generate high resolution spatial maps of targets. The sensitivity, and hence utility, of laser radar (and laser rangefinders) depend on the laser cross section (LCS) of the target. A significant contribution to overall LCS can be the optical cross sections (OCSs) of its optical components. Optical systems, therefore, should be analyzed to quantify their OCSs. This work develops a better understanding of OCS measurements. Specifically, the measurements of a single-lens optical system with a substrate of known reflectivity at and near focus are discussed. Current practice fails to accurately predict the OCS of this setup; diffraction-limited theory is typically used near focus, where it predicts an OCS much greater than the measured value, and ray tracing is used as the substrate is moved away from focus, where it successfully captures the general trend but fails to predict deviations caused by diffraction and interference effects. We use a wave-optics approach to account for the effects of aberrations. A model is created to accurately predict the OCS of the single-lens system. The results, along with predictions of the current theory, are compared to experimental data. In general, wave optics produces more accurate OCS predictions than ray tracing. (c) 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Raytheon, Space & Airborne Syst, El Segundo, CA USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Abel, NJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.marciniak@afit.edu NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 44 IS 8 AR 084302 DI 10.1117/1.2012490 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 974MN UT WOS:000232596000014 ER PT J AU Jennings, DL Kalus, JS O'Dell, KM AF Jennings, DL Kalus, JS O'Dell, KM TI Aldosterone receptor antagonism in heart failure SO PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE aldosterone; antagonism; heart failure; left ventricular dysfunction; renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; RAAS ID RANDOMIZED ALDACTONE EVALUATION; LEFT-VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY; ESSENTIAL-HYPERTENSION; BLOCKER EPLERENONE; MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTOR; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; RATE-VARIABILITY; SPIRONOLACTONE; DYSFUNCTION; MORTALITY AB The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays a major role in the pathophysiology of heart failure. Aldosterone is one of the central mediators involved in the cardiac remodeling process. Its classic effect in heart failure is attributed to mineralocorticoid receptor-mediated salt and fluid retention leading to increased afterload. New evidence demonstrates nonclassic effects of increased collagen synthesis and myocardial fibrosis resulting in left ventricular hypertrophy. Antagonism of aldosterone receptors with spironolactone benefits patients with severe heart failure, and eplerenone benefits those after myocardial infarction who have left ventricular dysfunction. Future research is directed at aldosterone antagonism in patients with mild-to-moderate heart failure, coronary artery disease treated with percutaneous coronary intervention, and nephropathy complicated by diabetes mellitus. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Pharm Practice, Eugene Applebaum Coll Pharm & Hlth Sci, Detroit, MI USA. Henry Ford Hosp, Dept Pharm Serv, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Univ Pacific, Dept Pharm Practice, Thomas J Long Sch Pharm & Hlth Sci, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. RP O'Dell, KM (reprint author), David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Pharm, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM kodell@pacific.edu NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHARMACOTHERAPY PUBLICATIONS INC PI BOSTON PA NEW ENGLAND MEDICAL CENTER, 806, 750 WASHINGTON ST, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA SN 0277-0008 J9 PHARMACOTHERAPY JI Pharmacotherapy PD AUG PY 2005 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1126 EP 1133 DI 10.1592/phco.2005.25.8.1126 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 951NV UT WOS:000230938300012 PM 16207104 ER PT J AU Tuomisto, F Saarinen, K Look, DC Farlow, GC AF Tuomisto, F Saarinen, K Look, DC Farlow, GC TI Introduction and recovery of point defects in electron-irradiated ZnO SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; ZINC VACANCY; GA VACANCIES; THIN-FILMS; BULK; ESR; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; MECHANISMS; ACCEPTORS AB We have used positron annihilation spectroscopy to study the introduction and recovery of point defects in electron-irradiated n-type ZnO. The irradiation (E-el=2 MeV, fluence 6x10(17)cm(-2)) was performed at room temperature, and isochronal annealings were performed from 300 to 600 K. In addition, monochromatic illumination of the samples during low-temperature positron measurements was used in identification of the defects. We distinguish two kinds of vacancy defects: the Zn and O vacancies, which are either isolated or belong to defect complexes. In addition, we observe negative-ion-type defects, which are attributed to O interstitials or O antisites. The Zn vacancies and negative ions act as compensating centers and are introduced at a concentration [V-Zn]similar or equal to c(ion)similar or equal to 2x10(16)cm(-3). The O vacancies are introduced at a 10-times-larger concentration [V-O]similar or equal to 3x10(17)cm(-3) and are suggested to be isolated. The O vacancies are observed as neutral at low temperatures, and an ionization energy of 100 meV could be fitted with the help of temperature-dependent Hall data, thus indicating their deep donor character. The irradiation-induced defects fully recover after the annealing at 600 K, in good agreement with electrical measurements. The Zn vacancies recover in two separate stages, indicating that the Zn vacancies are parts of two different defect complexes. The O vacancies anneal simultaneously with the Zn vacancies at the later stage, with an activation energy of E-V,O(m)=1.8 +/- 0.1 eV. The negative ions anneal out between the two annealing stages of the vacancies. C1 Helsinki Univ Technol, Lab Phys, Helsinki 02015, Finland. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Tuomisto, F (reprint author), Helsinki Univ Technol, Lab Phys, POB 1100, Helsinki 02015, Finland. EM filip.tuomisto@tkk.fi RI Tuomisto, Filip/B-8189-2008 OI Tuomisto, Filip/0000-0002-6913-5654 NR 30 TC 221 Z9 222 U1 12 U2 82 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2005 VL 72 IS 8 AR 085206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.085206 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 960BG UT WOS:000231564600065 ER PT J AU Leiber, MJD Phan, NT AF Leiber, MJD Phan, NT TI Pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema in a synchronized swimmer SO PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-HISTORY; CHILDREN; SPORTS; AIR AB Pneumomediastinum is a rare injury that ha's been documented in both recreational and competitive athletes. it has been reported in a variety of situations, but it is often a result of chest trauma. Repeated and prolonged use of Valsalva's maneuvers is also believed to lead to pneumomediastinum, as was the case with the synchronized swimmer presented here. The condition is self-limited and benign in healthy patients, and oxygen therapy may be helpful. Recommendations for athletes typically promote a gradual return to activity after 7 to 10 days. C1 Mike OCallaghan Fed Hosp, Nellis AFB, NV USA. RP Leiber, MJD (reprint author), 1075 W Perimeter Rd, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. EM james.leiber@andrews.af.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 USA SN 0091-3847 J9 PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED JI Physician Sportsmed. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 33 IS 8 BP 40 EP 43 PG 4 WC Primary Health Care; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 954UB UT WOS:000231179300006 PM 20086375 ER PT J AU Pachter, M Nelson, EB AF Pachter, M Nelson, EB TI Reconfigurable flight control SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART G-JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE reconfigurable flight control; adaptive flight control; system identification; linear regression; intercept ID SYSTEM AB Indirect adaptive control for reconfigurable flight control is advocated. Specifically, online static system identification using a moving window/batch estimation is implemented. The ensuing linear regression is augmented with an intercept. The intercept parameter is included to address the effects of trim change associated with the occurrence of a control surface failure. Parameter estimate information is used to adjust the inner loop's control gains, and a command derived from the intercept estimate is fed forward to automatically retrim the aircraft. The tracking performance of this automatic retrimming method, which relies on system identification, surpasses the conventional approach of exclusively relying on integral action for retrimming. These adaptive and reconfigurable flight control concepts are illustrated in the context of a fighter aircraft's pitch plane dynamics. The novel adaptive and reconfigurable flight control system successfully handles a 50 per cent horizontal tail control surface loss. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pachter, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bldg 641,Room 225,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM meir.pachter@afit.edu NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 0954-4100 J9 P I MECH ENG G-J AER JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part G-J. Aerosp. Eng. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 219 IS G4 BP 287 EP 319 DI 10.1243/095441005X30243 PG 33 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 988DO UT WOS:000233572000004 ER PT J AU Hess, RA Vetter, TK Wells, SR AF Hess, RA Vetter, TK Wells, SR TI Design and evaluation of a damage-tolerant flight control system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART G-JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE sliding-mode control; reconfigurable control; robust flight control ID SLIDING MODE CONTROL; AIRCRAFT AB The performance and stability requirements for a robust flight control system design are presented in the form of a 'design challenge.' The challenge includes description of specific vehicle failures that are to be accommodated by the flight control system. The vehicle chosen for the design is the innovative control effector vehicle, and both longitudinal and lateral/directional degrees of freedom are included. Two flight conditions are considered: Mach number 0.3 and altitude 15 000 ft; Mach number 0.9 and altitude 35 000 ft. No scheduling of the flight control law is permitted in the design. After the performance and stability requirements are described, a solution to the design challenge is presented in the form of a sliding-mode control system offered as an alternative to reconfigurable designs. The performance of this system is then evaluated through analysis and computer simulation, including significant failures and damage. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Northrop Grumman Corp, El Segundo, CA USA. US Air Force Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Hess, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM rahess@ucdavis.edu NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 0954-4100 J9 P I MECH ENG G-J AER JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part G-J. Aerosp. Eng. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 219 IS G4 BP 341 EP 359 DI 10.1243/095441005X7259 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 988DO UT WOS:000233572000007 ER PT J AU DeJoseph, CA Demidov, VI AF DeJoseph, CA Demidov, VI TI Diode calibration of a Langmuir probe system for measurement of electron energy distribution functions in a plasma SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB It is shown that a simple circuit consisting of a semiconductor diode, a resistor, and a dc voltage source can model a narrow-energy group of electrons in a plasma for the purpose of calibration of a Langmuir probe. The calibration is appropriate when the probe is used for measurement of the electron energy distribution function (EEDF). This simple circuit allows real-time determination of sensitivity, energy resolution, and signal-to-noise ratio for probe measurements of the EEDF. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP DeJoseph, CA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM vladimir.demidov@mail.wvu.edu RI Demidov, Vladimir/A-4247-2013 OI Demidov, Vladimir/0000-0002-2672-7684 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 76 IS 8 AR 086105 DI 10.1063/1.2006287 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 956CN UT WOS:000231276600079 ER PT J AU Busani, T Devine, RAB AF Busani, T Devine, RAB TI Dielectric and infrared properties of TiO2 films containing anatase and rutile SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES AB Electrical and optical properties of low-temperature, plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposited films of TiO2 have been studied; the source gases were TiCl4 and O-2. The amorphous, as-deposited films had a dielectric constant similar to 33 consistent with their measured density of 3.2 +/- 0.2 g cm(-3). Films deposited using a -41 V substrate bias contained the anatase phase and some rutile as evidenced from infrared spectroscopy and x-ray scattering. Annealing of these films at 600 degrees C resulted in a significant increase in the rutile content of the film. C1 AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. CNRS, LEMD, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Busani, T (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 18 TC 73 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 42 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 20 IS 8 BP 870 EP 875 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/20/8/043 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 961PK UT WOS:000231674100047 ER PT J AU Cui, NZ Hong, L Layne, JR AF Cui, NZ Hong, L Layne, JR TI A comparison of nonlinear filtering approaches with an application to ground target tracking SO SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE estimation; nonlinear filtering; Gaussian approximation; Monte Carlo simulation; ground target tracking ID TRANSFORMATION AB With an application to ground target tracking, two groups of nonlinear filtering approaches are compared in this paper: Gaussian approximation and Monte Carlo simulation. The former group, consisting of the extended Kalman filter (EKF), Gauss-Hermite filter (GHF) and unscented Kalman filter (UKF), approximates probability densities of nonlinear systems using either single or multiple points in a state space, while the latter group, being particle filters, estimates probability densities using random samples. There are two sources contributing to nonlinearity in the ground target tracking problem: terrain and road constrained kinematic modeling and polar coordinate sensing. When tracking ground maneuvering targets with multiple models, one faces another problem, i.e., non-Gaussianity. This paper also compares interacting multiple model (IMM)-based filters lMM-EKF, IMM-GHF and IMM-UKF with particle-based multiple model filters for their capability in handling the non-Gaussian problem. Simulation results show that: (1) all the filters achieve a comparable performance when tracking non-maneuvering ground targets; (2) particle-based multiple model filters are superior to IMM-based filters in maneuvering ground target tracking. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SNAT, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hong, L (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM lhong@cs.wright.edu NR 21 TC 45 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-1684 J9 SIGNAL PROCESS JI Signal Process. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 85 IS 8 BP 1469 EP 1492 DI 10.1016/j.sigpro.2005.01.010 PG 24 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 940ZX UT WOS:000230185500001 ER PT J AU Blackwood, B AF Blackwood, B TI Drop jumps SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material AB Drop jumps are a commonly misunderstood exercise that can yield incredible power-if prescribed correctly. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Blackwood, B (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 27 IS 4 BP 57 EP 59 PG 3 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 952UE UT WOS:000231030200008 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A Bennett, S Rodgers, R AF Hedrick, A Bennett, S Rodgers, R TI Learning from each other: In-season training SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material AB Strength and conditioning coaches put a lot of time and effort into designing effective off-season strength and conditioning programs. Certainly, this is the time where the majority of increases in size, strength, power, and speed are going to occur, However, to maintain those adaptations that occur during the off-season phase throughout the duration of the in-season phase requires effective program design. The purpose of this column is to learn from our panel of coaches how they design effective in-season training programs. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 27 IS 4 BP 75 EP 78 PG 4 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 952UE UT WOS:000231030200012 ER PT J AU Bachman, SL Hanly, EJ Saad, D Nwanko, JI Lamb, J Herring, AE Marohn, MR De-Maio, A Talamini, MA AF Bachman, SL Hanly, EJ Saad, D Nwanko, JI Lamb, J Herring, AE Marohn, MR De-Maio, A Talamini, MA TI The role of the spleen in laparoscopy-associated inflammatory response SO SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE laparoscopy; pneumoperitoneum; splenectomy; inflammatory; response; lipopolysaccharide; endotoxemia ID IFN-GAMMA; ENDOTOXIN; SPLENECTOMY; MACROPHAGES; SEPSIS; CO2 AB Background: Carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum alters the inflammatory response in animal models of sepsis. The spleen is a key organ in inflammation and its removal was predicted to modify this effect. Methods: The acute phase inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in male rats was examined for the effects of splenectomy (spx) and the technique of removal (open or laparpscopic). A series of experiments compared LPS-only controls with LPS injection 2 or 9 days following open spx, lap CO2 spx, open sham, or lap CO2 sham. The method of splenectomy was studied by randomization to control, open spx, lap CO2 spx, lap helium (He) spx, or lap air spx with LPS challenge on postoperative day 2. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon- (INF-gamma) and, interleutin (IL) 10 were collected at multiple time points, assayed by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, analyzed by analysis of variance. Results: Levels of TNF-alpha at 1.5 were significantly lower following open sham than following lap sham (p < 0.05). Splenectomy drastically reduced INF-gamma and TNF-alpha levels compared to controls (p < 0.05) on postoperative day 2. No method of spx preserved TNF-alpha or INF-gamma responses. Recovery of TNF-alpha response on day 9 was delayed in the spx groups. Conclusions: Splenectomy dramatically reduces TNF-alpha and INF-gamma responses to LPS challenge, although by different mechanisms. Pneumoperitoneum-mediated modulation of the septic inflammatory response is partially dependent on the spleen. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Ctr Minimally Invas Surg, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. RP Talamini, MA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Ctr Minimally Invas Surg, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-2794 J9 SURG ENDOSC JI Surg. Endosc. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 19 IS 8 BP 1035 EP 1044 DI 10.1007/s00464-004-8820-2 PG 10 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 970WO UT WOS:000232343300006 PM 16235129 ER PT J AU Lee, EC Rafiq, A Merrell, R Ackerman, R Dennerlein, JT AF Lee, EC Rafiq, A Merrell, R Ackerman, R Dennerlein, JT TI Ergonomics and human factors in endoscopic surgery: a comparison of manual vs telerobotic simulation systems SO SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE endoscopic techniques; robotics; ergonomics; minimally invasive surgery ID LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY; DISORDERS AB Background: Minimally invasive surgical techniques expose surgeons to a variety of occupational hazards that may promote musculoskeletal disorders. Telerobotic systems for minimally invasive surgery may help to reduce these stressors. The objective of this study was to compare manual and telerobotic endoscopic surgery in terms of postural and mental stress. Methods: Thirteen participants with no experience as primary surgeons in endoscopic surgery performed a set of simulated surgical tasks using two different techniques - a telerobotic master - slave system and a manual endoscopic surgery system. The tasks consisted of passing a soft spherical object through a series of parallel rings, suturing along a line 5 -cm long, running a 32-in ribbon, and cannulation. The Job Strain Index (JSI) and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) were used to quantify upper extremity exposure to postural and force risk factors. Task duration was quantified in seconds. A questionnaire provided measures of the participants' intuitiveness and mental stress. Results: The JSI and RULA scores for all four tasks were significantly lower for the telerobotic technique than for the manual one. Task duration was significantly longer for telerobotic than for manual tasks. Participants reported that the telerobotic technique was as intuitive as, and no more stressful than, the manual technique. Conclusions: Given identical tasks, the time to completion is longer using the telerobotic technique than its manual counterpart. For the given simulated tasks in the laboratory setting, the better scores for the upper extremity postural analysis indicate that telerobotic surgery provides a more comfortable environment for the surgeon without any additional mental stress. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Surg, MITAC, NASA Res Partnership, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dennerlein, JT (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Dennerlein, Jack/B-1027-2008; OI Dennerlein, Jack/0000-0001-7703-643X NR 13 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-2794 J9 SURG ENDOSC JI Surg. Endosc. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 19 IS 8 BP 1064 EP 1070 DI 10.1007/s00464-004-8213-6 PG 7 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 970WO UT WOS:000232343300011 PM 16021368 ER PT J AU Patton, ST Zabinski, JS AF Patton, ST Zabinski, JS TI Failure mechanisms of capacitive MEMS RF switch contacts SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE MEMS; capacitive RF switches; micro; nanoscale adhesion; failure mechanisms; reliability; dielectric charging ID ACTUATION; DEVICES AB Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) radio frequency (RF) switches hold great promise in a myriad of commercial, aerospace, and military applications. In particular, capacitive type switches with metal-to-dielectric contacts (typically Au-on-silicon nitride) are suitable for high frequency (>= N10 GHz) applications. However, there is little fundamental understanding of the factors determining the performance and reliability of these devices. To address this void in understanding, we conducted fundamental studies of Au-on-Si3N4 contacts at various bias voltages using a micro/nanoadhesion apparatus as a switch simulator. The experiments were conducted in air at 45% relative humidity. The switch simulator allows us to measure fundamental parameters such as contact force and adhesion, which cannot be directly measured with actual MEMS switches. Adhesion was found to be the primary failure mechanism. Both a mechanical and electrical effect contributed to high adhesion. The mechanical effect is adhesion growth with cycling due to surface smoothening, which allows increased van der Waals interaction. The electrical effect on adhesion is due to electrostatic force associated with excess charge trapped in the dielectric, and was only observed at 40 V bias and above. The two effects are additive, but the electrical effect was not present until surfaces were worn smooth by cycling. Surface smoothening increases the electric field in the dielectric, which leads to trapped charge and higher adhesion. Excessive adhesion can explain decreased lifetime at high bias voltage previously reported with actual capacitive MEMS switches. Aging of open contacts in air was found to reduce adhesion. Surface analysis data show the presence and growth (in air) of an adventitious film containing carbon and oxygen. The adventitious film is responsible for aging related adhesion reduction by increasing surface separation and/or reducing surface energy. No junction growth and force relaxation with time were observed in capacitive switch contacts, as was previously observed with Au-Au contacts at low current in direct current MEMS switches. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Patton, ST (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM steve.patton@wpafb.af.mil NR 31 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 265 EP 272 DI 10.1007/s11249-005-7443-7 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 965TZ UT WOS:000231974500003 ER PT J AU Hart, KA Steenburgh, WJ Onton, DJ AF Hart, KA Steenburgh, WJ Onton, DJ TI Model forecast improvements with decreased horizontal grid spacing over finescale intermountain orography during the 2002 Olympic Winter Games SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; COLD-AIR POOLS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; PRECIPITATION; WEATHER; MM5; SYSTEM; STORMS; MOUNTAINS; BASIN AB Forecasts produced for the 2002 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games (23 January-25 March 2002) by a multiply nested version of the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU-NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5) are examined to determine if decreasing horizontal grid spacing to 4 km improves forecast accuracy over the finescale topography of the Intermountain West. The verification is based on high-density observations collected by the MesoWest cooperative networks, including approximately 200 wind and temperature sites and 100 precipitation sites across northern Utah. Wind and precipitation forecasts produced by the 4-km MM5 domain were more accurate (based on traditional measures) than those of its parent 12-km domain. The most significant improvements in wind speed forecasts occurred at night in valleys and lowland locations where the topography of the 4-km domain produced more accurate nocturnal flows. Wind direction forecast improvements were most substantial at mountain sites where the better topographic resolution of the 4-km domain more accurately reflected the exposure of these locations to the free atmosphere. The 4-km domain also produced quantitative precipitation forecasts that were either equally (small events) or more (large events) accurate than the 12-km domain. Precipitation bias errors varied substantially between the two domains since the representation of the region's narrow, steeply sloped, basin-and-range topography improved dramatically at 4-km grid spacing. Curiously, the overall accuracy of temperature forecasts by the 4-km domain was not significantly better than that of the 12-km domain. This was due to an inability of the MM5 to properly simulate nocturnal and persistent cold pools within mountain valleys and the lowlands upstream of the Wasatch Mountains. Paradoxically, the added resolution of the 4-km domain, coupled with the failure of this version of the MM5 to fully capture the nocturnal and persistent cold pools, resulted in poorer skill scores. At upper elevations, which are typically above the cold pools, the 4-km domain was substantially more accurate. These results illustrate that decreasing horizontal grid spacing to less than 10 km does improve wind and precipitation forecasts over finescale Intermountain West topography. It is hypothesized that model improvements will ultimately enable the advantages of added model resolution to be fully realized for temperature forecasts over the Intermountain West. C1 Univ Utah, NOAA Cooperat Inst Reg Predict, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Hart, KA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geog, Suite 6K110,2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM kenneth.hart@usafa.af.mil NR 42 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 558 EP 576 DI 10.1175/WAF865.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964VX UT WOS:000231910200011 ER PT J AU Mizuno, DR Buffington, A Cooke, MP Eyles, CJ Hick, PP Holladay, PE Jackson, BV Johnston, JC Kuchar, TA Mozer, JB Price, SD Radick, RR Simnett, GM Sinclair, D Tappin, SJ Webb, DF AF Mizuno, DR Buffington, A Cooke, MP Eyles, CJ Hick, PP Holladay, PE Jackson, BV Johnston, JC Kuchar, TA Mozer, JB Price, SD Radick, RR Simnett, GM Sinclair, D Tappin, SJ Webb, DF TI Very high altitude aurora observations with the Solar Mass Ejection Imager SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IONS; CUSP; N2; MAGNETOSPHERE; ENHANCEMENT; EXCITATION; SATELLITE; SMEI AB [1] The Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) is a sensitive scanning instrument mounted on the Coriolis satellite that assembles an approximately all-sky image of the heliosphere in red-biased visible light once per orbit. Its lines of sight pass obliquely through the topside ionosphere and magnetosphere. We present serendipitous observations of a visual phenomenon detected at high altitudes ( >= 840 km) over the auroral zones and polar caps. The phenomenon is observed in two basic forms. The first, and more common, are periods of brief ( 1 - 3 min), nearly uniform illumination of the imager's field of view, which we interpret as transits of the satellite through a luminous medium. The second appear as localized filamentary structures, which we interpret as columns of luminous material, viewed from a distance, possibly extending to visible altitudes of 2000 km or higher. More than 1000 occurrences of these phenomena were recorded during the first full year of operations. These observations are well correlated in brightness and frequency with periods of enhanced geomagnetic activity. C1 Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Mizuno, DR (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, St Clements Hall,140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM don.mizuno@hanscom.af.mil; abuffington@ucsd.edu; mpc@star.sr.bham.ac.uk; cje@star.sr.bham.ac.uk; pphick@ucsd.edu; paul.holladay@hanscom.af.mil; bvjackson@ucsd.edu; janet.johnston@hanscom.af.mil; tom.kuchar@hanscom.af.mil; jmozer@nso.edu; steve.price@hanscom.af.mil; radick@nso.edu; gms@star.sr.bham.ac.uk; dale.sinclair@hanscom.af.mil; sjt@star.sr.bham.ac.uk; david.webb@hanscom.af.mil NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 29 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A7 AR A07230 DI 10.1029/2004JA010689 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 951QG UT WOS:000230944900002 ER PT J AU Albert, JM Young, SL AF Albert, JM Young, SL TI Multidimensional quasi-linear diffusion of radiation belt electrons SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; PITCH-ANGLE; RESONANT DIFFUSION; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; ION-CYCLOTRON; ACCELERATION; WAVES; MAGNETOSPHERE; COEFFICIENTS; MECHANISMS AB We consider diffusion of outer zone radiation belt electrons by chorus waves. Quasi-linear diffusion coefficients valid outside the plasmasphere have only been calculated recently, and indicate that the energy and cross diffusion rates can be comparable to that for pitch angle diffusion. Proper solution of the diffusion equation for phase space density must therefore be based on the full diffusion tensor, but this has been plagued by numerical problems associated with the large and rapidly varying cross terms. To circumvent this, techniques are developed for transforming to variables in which the cross diffusion term vanishes. A model calculation shows significant diffusion of phase space density at L=4.5 from 0.2 MeV up to a few MeV in less than a day. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSBX, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Albert, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSBX, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM jay.albert@hanscom.af.mil; shawn.young@hanscom.af.mil RI Young, Shawn/M-3601-2016; OI Young, Shawn/0000-0001-9592-8095; Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630 NR 21 TC 91 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 14 AR L14110 DI 10.1029/2005GL023191 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 951MM UT WOS:000230934600006 ER PT J AU Kelley, MC Chen, CY Beland, RR Woodman, R Chau, JL Werne, J AF Kelley, MC Chen, CY Beland, RR Woodman, R Chau, JL Werne, J TI Persistence of a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability complex in the upper troposphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; GRAVITY-WAVES; TURBULENCE; RADAR; RATES AB During the period of 7-14 September 1998 a multiple instrument campaign was conducted at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory (JRO) near Lima, Peru, using a 50-MHz VHF radar and radiosondes. In this paper we discuss the radar and in situ observations and interpret them with insight gained from high-resolution numerical simulations of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI). Evidence is presented that a large-scale shear in the upper troposphere on 8 September 1998 becomes locally unstable due to ambient gravity wave activity. Isolated KHI events result and subsequently grow and merge to form a large 3-km mixing layer. A 3-km-deep potential-temperature step is observed at the same altitude at least a full day after the initial observations. Analysis indicates that neither turbulent mixing nor radiative cooling is capable of destroying the fully developed temperature step in the 21 hours available, which lends credence to the hypothesis that the structure persisted for this period of time. Alternately, the structure could be continuously generated by a standing wave associated with mountain wave forcing. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Inst Geofis Peru, Radio Observ Jicamarca, Lima 13, Peru. NW Res Associates Inc, CoRA Div, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Kelley, MC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 318 Rhodes Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mikek@ece.cornell.edu RI Chau, Jorge/C-7568-2013 OI Chau, Jorge/0000-0002-2364-8892 NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 27 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D14 AR D14106 DI 10.1029/2004JD005345 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 951OW UT WOS:000230941200001 ER PT J AU Suchalkin, S Shterengas, L Kisin, M Luryi, S Belenky, G Kaspi, R Ongstad, A Kim, JG Martinelli, RU AF Suchalkin, S Shterengas, L Kisin, M Luryi, S Belenky, G Kaspi, R Ongstad, A Kim, JG Martinelli, RU TI Mechanism of the temperature sensitivity of mid-infrared GaSb-based semiconductor lasers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; MU-M; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; AUGER RECOMBINATION; CASCADE LASERS; ESCAPE; GAIN AB The sources of temperature sensitivity of the threshold current in type-I and type-II mid-infrared semiconductor lasers are investigated. Measurements of the interband optical absorption allow direct comparison of the optical matrix elements in laser structures with type-I and type-II band alignments and prove that the difference in the optical matrix elements is insignificant for these two groups of structures. We show that thermally-induced hole escape from the active quantum wells strongly deteriorates the optical emission in both type heterostructures. Experiments show that the temperature decay of PL is generally stronger for type-II samples. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. USAF, Res Lab, DELS, Directed Energy Directorate,Adv Tact Lasers Syst, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sarnoff Corp, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Suchalkin, S (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 25 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 4 AR 041102 DI 10.1063/1.2001132 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 948OP UT WOS:000230725900002 ER PT J AU Hartley, CS Mishin, Y AF Hartley, CS Mishin, Y TI Representation of dislocation cores using Nye tensor distributions SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Intenational Conference on Fundamentals of Plastic Deformation CY SEP 13-17, 2004 CL La Colle sur Loup, FRANCE DE dislocation core; nye tensor; atomistic modeling ID METALS AB This paper demonstrates how the cores of atomistically simulated dislocations in Cu and Al can be represented by a distribution of infinitesimal dislocations described by appropriate components of the Nye tensor. Components calculated from atomic positions in the dislocated crystal are displayed as contour plots on the plane normal to the dislocation line. The method provides an accurate and instructive means for characterizing dislocation core structures and calculating the total Burgers; vector. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Hartley, CS (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, 4015 Wilson Blvd,Room 713, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM craig.hartley@afosr.af.mil RI Mishin, Yuri/P-2020-2015 NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 25 PY 2005 VL 400 BP 18 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.03.076 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 947XZ UT WOS:000230681900004 ER PT J AU Woodward, C AF Woodward, C TI First-principles simulations of dislocation cores SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Intenational Conference on Fundamentals of Plastic Deformation CY SEP 13-17, 2004 CL La Colle sur Loup, FRANCE DE dislocations; dislocation cores; first-principles methods; refractory metals; intermetallics ID BCC TRANSITION-METALS; 90-DEGREES PARTIAL DISLOCATION; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; CENTERED CUBIC METALS; PEIERLS-NABARRO MODEL; AB-INITIO SIMULATION; SCREW DISLOCATIONS; ATOMISTIC SIMULATIONS; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS AB In order to understand the "chemistry of deformation" an adequate description of the strain field near the center of dislocations (the core) is required. We review the development and current status of ab initio methods that have been used to model the core structures of dislocation in elemental refractory metals and intermetallic alloys. Methods employing flexible boundary conditions or dislocation dipoles allow for the direct simulation of dislocations while methods based on the Peierls-Nabarro approximation use the generalized stacking-fault energy to model the restoring force across the lattice discontinuity produced by the dislocation. This energy function can be derived from first-principles reference calculations. In this work we emphasis methods and their application to materials where plastic deformation is complex and Schmids law is violated. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLLM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, MLLM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.woodward@wpafb.af.mil NR 39 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 25 PY 2005 VL 400 BP 59 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.03.039 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 947XZ UT WOS:000230681900012 ER PT J AU Choi, YS Dimiduk, DM Uchic, MD Parthasarathy, TA AF Choi, YS Dimiduk, DM Uchic, MD Parthasarathy, TA TI A crystallographic constitutive model for Ni3Al (L1(2))intermetallics SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Intenational Conference on Fundamentals of Plastic Deformation CY SEP 13-17, 2004 CL La Colle sur Loup, FRANCE DE Ni3Al; constitutive model; yield anomaly; cross-slip locking; exhaustion hardening ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; RATE DEPENDENCE; ORDERED ALLOYS; YIELD BEHAVIOR; FLOW-STRESS; TEMPERATURE; DEFORMATION; CRYSTALS; SLIP AB A constitutive model was developed in order to capture the unique thermo-mechanical flow behavior of U-structured Ni-3(Al, X) alloys. This model utilized a framework for flow-stress partitioning, which was previously proposed by Ezz and Hirsch, and incorporated a model for exhaustion hardening proposed by Caillard. The simulation results well represent the major aspects of the thermo-mechanical flow behavior of Ni-3(Al, X) alloys, such as a flow-stress anomaly, its strain dependence and a work-hardening rate anomaly. Selected limitations are discussed along with our current efforts toward extending the present model. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 AFRL MLLM, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Dimiduk, DM (reprint author), AFRL MLLM, Air Force Res Lab, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ychoi@ues.com; Dennis.Dimiduk@wpafb.af.mil; Michael.Uchic@wpafb.af.mil; Triplicane.Parthasarathy@wpafb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 25 PY 2005 VL 400 BP 256 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.03.040 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 947XZ UT WOS:000230681900054 ER PT J AU Uchic, MD Dimiduk, DA AF Uchic, MD Dimiduk, DA TI A methodology to investigate size scale effects in crystalline plasticity using uniaxial compression testing SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Intenational Conference on Fundamentals of Plastic Deformation CY SEP 13-17, 2004 CL La Colle sur Loup, FRANCE DE size scale effects; micro-compression testing; focused ion beam milling; nickel superalloys ID FOCUSED ION-BEAM; THIN-FILMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SPECIMEN PREPARATION; RESIDUAL-STRESS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; STRAIN; HARDNESS; MICRON AB A methodology for performing uniaxial compression tests on samples having micron-size dimensions is presented. Sample fabrication is accomplished using focused ion beam milling to create cylindrical samples of uniform cross-section that remain attached to the bulk substrate at one end. Once fabricated, samples are tested in uniaxial compression using a nanoindentation device outfitted with a flat tip, and a stress-strain curve is obtained. The methodology can be used to examine the plastic response of samples of different sizes that are from the same bulk material. In this manner, dimensional size effects at the micron scale can be explored for single crystals, using a readily interpretable test that minimizes imposed stretch and bending gradients. The methodology was applied to a single-crystal Ni superalloy and a transition from bulk-like to size-affected behavior was observed for samples 5 mu m in diameter and smaller. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Uchic, MD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Michael.Uchic@wpafb.af.mil NR 29 TC 233 Z9 236 U1 5 U2 72 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 25 PY 2005 VL 400 BP 268 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.03.082 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 947XZ UT WOS:000230681900057 ER PT J AU Eapen, KC Patton, ST Smallwood, SA Nainaparampil, JJ AF Eapen, KC Patton, ST Smallwood, SA Nainaparampil, JJ TI Aging of a fluorinated lubricant on bare and DLC-coated silicon-based MEMS SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MEMS lubrication; aging; barrier layer; Fomblin Zdol (R); diamond-like carbon (DLC) ID FORCE MICROSCOPY; FRICTION; FILMS; WEAR; MONOLAYERS; POLYMERS AB The aging of Fomblin Zdol (R) on a silicon-based MEMS device was investigated. The MEMS device used was an electrostatic lateral output motor. Devices freshly coated with Zdol performed exceedingly well compared to uncoated devices, but their performance deteriorated on storage in air. This is apparently due to the decomposition of the fluorinated lubricant in contact with the polysilicon surface for an extended period. XPS and AFM studies show that the composition and morphology of the Zdol-coated polysilicon surface change on aging. A stable, cohesive barrier layer deposited to prevent direct contact of the fluorinated lubricant with polysilicon enhanced the stability of the lubricant. As widely used in hard disk lubrication, a thin film of diamond-like carbon (DLC) acted as an excellent barrier layer extending the life of unlubricated devices and preventing degradation of those lubricated by Zdol. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eapen, KC (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM kalathil.eapen@wpafb.af.mil NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD JUL 22 PY 2005 VL 197 IS 2-3 BP 270 EP 277 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.12.031 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 933XJ UT WOS:000229665900020 ER PT J AU Yang, SH Weeks, DE Niday, TA AF Yang, SH Weeks, DE Niday, TA TI Inelastic scattering matrix elements, cross sections and rate constants for transition B(P-2(1/2))+H-2(j=0)<-> B(P-2(3/2))+H-2(j=0) SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COLLISIONS; ATOMS; FORMULATION; COMPLEXES; MOLECULE; H-2 AB The non-adiabatic wave packet collisions of B(P-2(1/2)) + H-2(j = 0) <-> B(P-2(3/2)) + H-2(j = 0) were calculated using the time dependent Channel Packet Method to compute transition probabilities, cross sections and rate constants. While the H2 angular momentum j was fixed to 0, the total angular momentum of the system J, was varied from 1/2 to 153/2. The feature of the Stuckelberg oscillation was shown in transition probabilities. The transition from B(P-2(3/2)) to B(P-2(1/2)) state was shown to be favored over the reverse process. The ratio of the computed rate constants was well compared with that of the analytic result obtained from the Boltzmann factor and the detailed balance. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yang, SH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2941 Hobson St,Bldg 654,338, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sang.yang@wpafb.af.mil NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 20 PY 2005 VL 410 IS 4-6 BP 316 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.04.035 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 947AH UT WOS:000230613900028 ER PT J AU Tautz, M Lai, ST AF Tautz, M Lai, ST TI Analytic models for a rapidly spinning spherical satellite charging in sunlight SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPACECRAFT; POTENTIALS AB [1] We present elementary analytic models for a fast-spinning, dielectric-coated, spherical spacecraft charging in sunlight. The models are based on a multipole expansion of Laplacian potentials external to the spacecraft surface. We assume azimuthal symmetry about the spin axis, and the spin period must be short compared with surface differential charging times. There are three parameters in the models: the monopole potential, the relative strength of the dipole/ quadrupole components with respect to the monopole, and a mixing angle. The combination of monopole potentials along with the dipole or quadrupole contributions produce potential barriers which form at the satellite surface. These barriers can act to block escaping photoelectrons and lead to current balance, allowing sunlight charging to high negative levels. The sunlit side charges less ( negatively) than the shade side and the ratio of Sun to shade potentials is near its threshold value for high-level charging. We have calculated more general cases with various values of Sun angle relative to the spin axis by combining the dipole and quadrupole components. The potential barrier shape and area vary for different cases and the maximum barrier approximately follows the Sun angle. We stress that for physical interpretation of data obtained on board, one should take into account the potential distribution and where the instrument is located. C1 AER Radex Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Tautz, M (reprint author), AER Radex Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. EM shu.lai@hanscom.af.mil NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 19 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A7 AR A07220 DI 10.1029/2004JA010787 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 951HN UT WOS:000230920300001 ER PT J AU Look, DC Fang, ZQ Claflin, B AF Look, DC Fang, ZQ Claflin, B TI Identification of donors, acceptors, and traps in bulk-like HVPE GaN SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Bulk Nitride Semiconductors III CY SEP 04-09, 2004 CL Zakopane, POLAND DE defects; impurities; line defects; hydride vapor phase epitaxy; nitrides; semiconducting III-V materials ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; N-TYPE; DEFECTS AB The first GaN was grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) more than 30 years ago, and now thick, large-area HVPE layers are being proposed as substrates for GaN devices. Temperature-dependent Hall-effect, photoluminescence (PL), secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and positron annihilation measurements by different groups over the last few years have identified the dominant donors in HVPE GaN as Si and 0, and the dominant acceptor as the Ga vacancy. Another potential donor, the N vacancy V-N, has been shown to have a larger activation energy (similar to 70 meV) than that of Si and 0 (similar to 30meV), and thus to contribute little to the conductivity of almost any as-grown sample. However, VN is also an electron trap, with an effective activation energy of about 160 meV. Several other traps appear regularly in HVPE GaN, and one such trap, at 1.0eV, may be associated with the N interstitial. However, a trap at 0.60eV is overall the most common trap in GaN grown by HVPE or any other method. We have recently found a correlation between the 0.60-eV trap and the well-known blue band, at 2.8 eV, but unfortunately the blue band itself has not yet been positively identified. Usually, the 0.60-eV trap is isolated, whereas the 1.0-eV trap is often associated with dislocations. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Look, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, 3640 Col Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM David.Look@wpafb.af.mil NR 23 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 281 IS 1 BP 143 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.03.035 PG 8 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 946NV UT WOS:000230580000021 ER PT J AU Hunton, DE Viggiano, AA Miller, TM Ballenthin, JO Reeves, JM Wilson, JC Lee, SH Anderson, BE Brune, WH Harder, H Simpas, JB Oskarsson, N AF Hunton, DE Viggiano, AA Miller, TM Ballenthin, JO Reeves, JM Wilson, JC Lee, SH Anderson, BE Brune, WH Harder, H Simpas, JB Oskarsson, N TI In-situ aircraft observations of the 2000 Mt. Hekla volcanic cloud: Composition and chemical evolution in the Arctic lower stratosphere SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE volcano cloud composition; in-situ measurements; trace gas; aerosol; SO2 oxidation kinetics ID AIRBORNE OBSERVATIONS; PINATUBO VOLCANO; PARTICLE-SIZE; ST-HELENS; TROPOSPHERE; EMISSIONS; SO2; ERUPTIONS; OZONE; PLUME AB An instrumented NASA aircraft made comprehensive, in-situ measurements of trace gas concentrations and aerosol properties while flying through the eruptive cloud from Mt. Hekla in February and March, 2000. The data reveal novel aspects of the properties and evolution of the volcanic cloud in the lower arctic stratosphere. Thirty-five hours after the initial, sub-Plinian explosion on February 26, 2000, the aircraft intersected the cloud at an altitude of 11.3 km. SO2 concentrations in the cloud exceeded 1 ppmv, but no H2S was observed. Large HF concentrations of similar to 50 ppbv were nearly equal to the HCl concentration, the same ratio of halogen species adsorbed on fallen ash. Although reactive nitrogen species are rarely detected in volcanic clouds, significant HNO3 concentrations of 3 ppbv above background were measured. A bimodal aerosol size distribution with total number densities exceeding 8000 particles/cm(3) and total aerosol volume of 65 mu m(3)/cm(3) was observed. Approximately 1/3 of the fine aerosol particles were non-volatile (volcanic ash) and the remaining 2/3 were volatile (sulfate aerosol and ice). The volcanic cloud was highly structured with clearly delineated boundaries. In the 18-day period following the initial eruption, increases in SO2, sulfate aerosol, HCl, and HF volume mixing ratios were again detected. Analysis of the partitioning of sulfur between the gas and aerosol phases in these later cloud encounters shows that the rate Of SO2 oxidation to sulfuric acid was broadly consistent with changing OH concentrations at the time of the vernal equinox. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Denver, Dept Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, State Coll, PA 16802 USA. Nord Volcanol Inst, Reykjavik, Iceland. RP Hunton, DE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM donald.hunton@hanscom.af.mil RI Lee, Shan-Hu/F-9913-2014 NR 45 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 145 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.01.005 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 953CP UT WOS:000231054100002 ER PT J AU Park, SY Moon, SC Dang, TD Venkatasubramanian, N Lee, JW Farmer, BL AF Park, SY Moon, SC Dang, TD Venkatasubramanian, N Lee, JW Farmer, BL TI The crystal structure of poly (2,6-naphthalenebenzobisthiazole) SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE poly(2,6-naphthalenebenzobisthiazole); rigid-rod polymer; molecular modeling ID RIGID-ROD POLYMERS; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL CALCULATIONS; NEUTRON STRUCTURE-ANALYSIS; PARA-AROMATIC POLYMERS; NONPLANAR CONFORMATIONS; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; RODLIKE POLYMERS; MAIN CHAIN; POLY(PARA-PHENYLENEBENZOBISOXAZOLE); DISORDER AB The crystal structure of poly (2,6-naphthalenebenzobisthiazole) (Naph-2,6-PBT) was studied using X-ray and molecular modeling methods. The X-ray pattern of the annealed Naph-2,6-PBT fiber showed several Bragg reflections as well as streaks along the layer lines indicating that the registry between adjacent chains exists in the crystal with a great deal of axial disorder. Disordered structure in the crystal was fitted into the triclinic unit cell with the unit cell parameters of a = 6.78 angstrom, b = 3.46 angstrom, c = 14.61 angstrom, alpha = 88.0 degrees, beta = 114.7 degrees, and gamma = 94.8 degrees with PI space group. The calculated density, 1.68 g/cm(3) was comparable with the observed density, 1.56 g/cm(3). The Delta c/c (staggering ratio) representing the registry between the adjacent chains in the ac plane was - 0.19, which is in good agreement with the energy calculation although another local energy minimum was found at Delta c/c=0.31. The disordered structure in Naph-2,6-PBT was probably due to the discrete axial shift between Delta c/c = 0.31 and - 0.19 in the ac plane. The LALS refinement showed that the naphthalene group was rotated by 9 (+/- 3)degrees from the ac plane on the projected structure along the chain axis with a torsion angle between the naphthalene and benzobisthiazole rings of 23 degrees. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Polymer Sci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. AFRL, MLBP, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Syscom Technol Inc, Hilliard, OH 43026 USA. RP Park, SY (reprint author), Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Polymer Sci, 1370 Sankyuk Dong, Taegu 702701, South Korea. EM psy@knu.ac.kr NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUL 11 PY 2005 VL 46 IS 15 BP 5630 EP 5636 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.04.070 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 943SK UT WOS:000230374400024 ER PT J AU Middleton, HR Pryse, SE Kersley, L Bust, GS Fremouw, EJ Secan, JA Denig, WF AF Middleton, HR Pryse, SE Kersley, L Bust, GS Fremouw, EJ Secan, JA Denig, WF TI Evidence for the tongue of ionization under northward interplanetary magnetic field conditions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLAR-CAP; IONOSPHERIC TOMOGRAPHY; MAGNETOSPHERE; PATCHES; FLOW; IMF AB [1] The activities of the International Ionospheric Tomography Community open up new possibilities of simultaneously imaging the large-scale spatial structure of the ionosphere in different longitude sectors. In the study, tomography receiver chains in Scandinavia and Greenland were used to provide a wide view of the plasma density structure in the winter, magnetic postnoon sector under conditions of stable, positive interplanetary magnetic field B-z component. The spatial distributions of the plasma are discussed in light of a high-latitude plasma convection pattern pertinent to the conditions, which is supported by DMSP flow measurements. The observations are consistent with a tongue of dayside photoionization being drawn antisunward by the convection pattern to form an arc of enhanced plasma density around the periphery of the polar cap. C1 Univ Wales, Inst Math & Phys Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Dyfed, Wales. Univ Texas, Appl Res Labs, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NW Res Associates Inc, Bellevue, WA 98009 USA. AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Middleton, HR (reprint author), Univ Wales, Inst Math & Phys Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Dyfed, Wales. EM hrm@aber.ac.uk NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 9 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A7 AR A07301 DI 10.1029/2004JA010800 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 947KM UT WOS:000230642300001 ER PT J AU Mishin, EV Burke, WJ AF Mishin, EV Burke, WJ TI Stormtime coupling of the ring current, plasmasphere, and topside ionosphere: Electromagnetic and plasma disturbances SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; NIGHTSIDE SUBAURORAL ZONE; LOWER-HYBRID TURBULENCE; SELF-CONSISTENT MODEL; AURORAL RED ARCS; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; MAGNETIC STORM; QUANTITATIVE SIMULATION; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; F-REGION AB [1] We compare plasma and field disturbances observed in the ring current/plasmasphere overlap region and in the conjugate ionosphere during the magnetic storm of 5 June 1991. Data come from the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) flying in a geostationary transfer orbit and three satellites of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) series in Sun-synchronous polar orbits. In the region between ring current nose structures and the electron plasma sheet, CRRES detected wave-like features in local electric and magnetic fields, embedded in structured cold plasmas. Mapped to the ionosphere, these fields should reflect structuring within subauroral plasma streams ( SAPS). Indeed, during the period of interest, DMSP F8, F9, and F10 satellites observed highly structured SAPS in the evening ionosphere at topside altitudes. They were collocated with precipitating ring current ions, enhanced fluxes of suprathermal electrons and ions, elevated electron temperatures, and irregular plasma density troughs. Overall, these events are similar to electromagnetic structures observed by DMSP satellites within SAPS during recent geomagnetic storms (Mishin et al., 2003, 2004). Their features can be explained in terms of Alfven and fast magnetosonic perturbations. We developed a scenario for the formation of elevated electron temperatures at the equatorward side of the SAPS. It includes a lower-hybrid drift instability driven by diamagnetic currents, consistent with strong lower- and upper-hybrid plasma wave activity and intense fluxes of the low-energy electrons and ions near the ring current's inner edge. C1 Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Mishin, EV (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, 402 St Clements Hall,140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM evgenii.mishin@hanscom.af.mil; william.burke@hanscom.af.mil NR 77 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 9 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A7 AR A07209 DI 10.1029/2005JA011021 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 947KM UT WOS:000230642300005 ER PT J AU Heard, K Bebarta, VS Lowenstein, SR AF Heard, K Bebarta, VS Lowenstein, SR TI Methodological standards in human vs animal clinical trials SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Div Emergency Med, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Heard, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Div Emergency Med, Denver, CO 80202 USA. EM kennon.heard@uchsc.edu NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 6 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 1 BP 40 EP 40 DI 10.1001/jama.294.1.40-a PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 941JD UT WOS:000230210200012 PM 15998885 ER PT J AU Galbreath, AD Freeman, GL Smith, B Krasuski, RA Stajduhar, KC Kwan, MD Ellis, R AF Galbreath, AD Freeman, GL Smith, B Krasuski, RA Stajduhar, KC Kwan, MD Ellis, R TI Letter regarding article by Galbreath et al, "Long-Term Healthcare and cost outcomes of disease management in a large, randomized, community-based population with heart failure" - Response SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dis Management Ctr, Div Cardiol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Dis Management Ctr, Altarum Inst, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, San Antonio, TX USA. Tricare SW, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Galbreath, AD (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dis Management Ctr, Div Cardiol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD JUL 5 PY 2005 VL 112 IS 1 BP E11 EP E11 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 941IW UT WOS:000230209500029 ER PT J AU Kenney, JW Boatz, JA Vosbein, HAT AF Kenney, JW Boatz, JA Vosbein, HAT TI Theory of Monte Carlo simulations of the magnetic circular dichroism spectra of alkali metal/rare gas systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MATRIX-ISOLATION SPECTROSCOPY; LASER-ABLATION; S-2->P-2 TRANSITION; LITHIUM ATOMS; XENON MATRIX; BAND SHAPES; SOLIDS; SODIUM; LI/XE AB The history of magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy in the study of alkali metal/rare gas (M/Rg) cryogenic systems is reviewed in the context of developing a better understanding of alkali metal/hydrogen systems of current interest to the U. S. Air Force as enhanced-performance cryogenic rocket propellants. A new theory for simulating the MCD spectra of M/Rg systems is presented together with a careful discussion of the theory's implicit and explicit approximations and their implications. This theory uses a classical Monte Carlo (MC) simulation scheme to model the perturbing effects of the Rg environment on the S-2 -> P-2 MCD-active transition of the M atom. The theory sets up the MC-MCD simulation as a 6 X 6 matrix eigenvalue/eigenvector problem in the P-2 manifold in which are included the effects of M-Rg interactions, metal atom spin-orbit coupling in the (2)p manifold, magnetic Zeeman perturbations of the S-2 and P-2 manifolds, Boltzmann temperature factors, and electric dipole transition moment integrals for left circularly polarized (LCP) and right circularly polarized (RCP) light. The theory may be applied to any type of trapping site of the host M in the guest Rg matrix; a single atom substitutional metal atom trapping site (one host Rg atom is replaced by one guest M atom) is modeled in this study for M = Na and Rg = Ar. Two temperature factors are used in these simulations; a lattice temperature to model the mobility of the Rg lattice and a magnetic temperature to model Boltzmann factors in the S-2 ground manifold. The 6 X 6 eigenvalue/eigenvector problem is solved for a number of randomly generated and suitably averaged Rg configurations to yield the simulated MC-MCD spectrum for the single substitutional Na/Ar system. The MC-MCD simulations of Na/Ar give the characteristic triplet MCD spectrum with the correct Boltzmann temperature dependence. The simulated MC-MCD spectrum correctly inverts when the direction of the applied magnetic field is reversed. Addition of the LCP and RCP absorbances gives rise to a characteristic S-2 -> P-2 triplet absorption feature. (C) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Simulat Measurements & Tact Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Concordia Univ, Chem Phys Lab, Irvine, CA 92612 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Propuls Div, AFRL PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Vosbein, HAT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Simulat Measurements & Tact Branch, Code 7180,Bldg 1005, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM terrill@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD JUL 5 PY 2005 VL 103 IS 6 BP 854 EP 865 DI 10.1002/qua.20270 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 931ZV UT WOS:000229524900009 ER PT J AU Mosbacker, HL Strzhemechny, YM White, BD Smith, PE Look, DC Reynolds, DC Litton, CW Brillson, LJ AF Mosbacker, HL Strzhemechny, YM White, BD Smith, PE Look, DC Reynolds, DC Litton, CW Brillson, LJ TI Role of near-surface states in ohmic-Schottky conversion of Au contacts to ZnO SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID N-TYPE ZNO; GREEN EMISSION; UNDOPED ZNO; INTERFACES; HYDROGEN; DIODE AB A conversion from ohmic to rectifying behavior is observed for Au contacts on atomically ordered polar ZnO surfaces following remote, room-temperature oxygen plasma treatment. This transition is accompanied by reduction of the "green" deep level cathodoluminescence emission, suppression of the hydrogen donor-bound exciton photoluminescence and a similar to 0.75 eV increase in n-type band bending observed via x-ray photoemission. These results demonstrate that the contact type conversion involves more than one mechanism, specifically, removal of the adsorbate-induced accumulation layer plus lowered tunneling due to reduction of near-surface donor density and defect-assisted hopping transport. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Res Lab, LMPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45435 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ctr Mat Res, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Mosbacker, HL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM mosbacker.1@osu.edu NR 25 TC 139 Z9 141 U1 4 U2 60 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 4 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 1 AR 012102 DI 10.1063/1.1984089 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 942JE UT WOS:000230277900023 ER PT J AU Salem, AA Kalidindi, SR Semiatin, SL AF Salem, AA Kalidindi, SR Semiatin, SL TI Strain hardening due to deformation twinning in alpha-titanium: Constitutive relations and crystal-plasticity modeling SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE texture; titanium; twinning; polycrystal modeling ID CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC TEXTURE; FCC METALS; ZIRCONIUM ALLOYS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HEXAGONAL SYMMETRY; EVOLUTION; POLYCRYSTALS; COMPRESSION; PREDICTION; SIMULATION AB The mechanisms governing twin-induced strain hardening of high-purity alpha-titanium at room temperature were incorporated into constitutive laws to describe the evolution of both twin and slip resistance due to deformation twinning. The proposed equations were incorporated in a Taylor-type crystal plasticity model to predict mechanical behavior and texture evolution for different deformation paths. Model predictions for the overall stress-strain response and texture evolution compared well with the experimental results. Specifically, the model captured the three stages of strain hardening for uniaxial-compression and plane-strain-compression testing of ot-titanium. In addition, predicted texture evolution due to the reorientation of twinned area showed excellent agreement with the observations. These findings proved the necessity of incorporating twinning and its associated hardening mechanisms in realistic constitutive descriptions to account for anisotropic strain- hardening behavior and texture evolution in materials that deform by both slip and twinning. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 AFRL, MLLM, AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Salem, AA (reprint author), Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM ayman.salem@fnnet.wpafbml.org RI Kalidindi, Surya/A-1024-2007; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017; OI Salem, Ayman/0000-0003-0907-1502 NR 29 TC 129 Z9 135 U1 2 U2 58 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 53 IS 12 BP 3495 EP 3502 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2005.04.014 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 942EB UT WOS:000230264600016 ER PT J AU Gordnier, RE Visbal, MR AF Gordnier, RE Visbal, MR TI High-fidelity computational simulation of nonlinear fluid-structure interactions SO AERONAUTICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; PANEL FLUTTER; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; OSCILLATIONS; FLOW; SOLVER; ATTACK; PLATE; ANGLE AB This paper reviews recent efforts to demonstrate a flexible computational framework for developing a high-fidelity, nonlinear aeroelastic solver. A subiteration. strategy is adopted to achieve implicit coupling between the computational fluid dynamics and the structural codes. The specific solver presented couples a well-validated, full Navier-Stokes code with a nonlinear finite element plate model. The versatility of the approach is shown by applications to several types of fluid-structure interaction problems including: panel flutter, delta wing LCO and delta wing buffet. The computational results are analysed to elucidate the relevant physical phenomena involved in these complicated nonlinear fluid-structure interactions. This framework is extendible. to other multidisciplinary problems where two or more disciplines may need to be coupled. C1 AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Gordnier, RE (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL AERONAUTICAL SOC PI LONDON PA 4 HAMILTON PL, LONDON W1J 7BQ, ENGLAND SN 0001-9240 J9 AERONAUT J JI Aeronaut. J. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 109 IS 1097 BP 301 EP 312 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 958ZM UT WOS:000231486700001 ER PT J AU Ibrahim, RA Beloiu, DM Pettit, CL AF Ibrahim, RA Beloiu, DM Pettit, CL TI Influence of joint relaxation on deterministic and stochastic panel flutter SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RANDOM INPLANE FORCES; BOUNDARY-LAYER AB The influence of boundary condition relaxation on two-dimensional panel flutter is studied in the absence and presence of random pressure differential and in-plane loading. The boundary-value problem of the panel involves time-dependent boundary conditions that are converted into autonomous form using a special coordinate transformation. The resulting boundary conditions are combined with the governing nonhomogeneous, partial differential equation that includes the influence of the boundary condition relaxation. The relaxation and system nonlinearity are found to have opposite effects on the time evolution of the panel frequency. Furthermore, the damping of the panel exhibits a critical value governed by the relaxation parameter, below which the damping has a destabilizing effect and above the critical value it has stabilizing effect. The influence of random in-plane loading and random pressure differential is estimated using Monte Carlo simulation. Stochastic stability boundaries under random in-plane loading are estimated below and above the critical aerodynamic pressure. Depending on the system damping and dynamic pressure, the time evolution of the panel frequency content can increase or decrease with time as the boundary conditions approach the near simple support case. C1 Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ibrahim, RA (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RI Pettit, Chris/A-1073-2010 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1444 EP 1454 DI 10.2514/1.7208 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 942GZ UT WOS:000230272200005 ER PT J AU Bjorge, ST Reeder, MF Crafton, J Fonov, S AF Bjorge, ST Reeder, MF Crafton, J Fonov, S TI Flow around an object projected from a cavity into a supersonic freestream. SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 42nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 05-08, 2004 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID OSCILLATIONS; BODIES AB Store-cavity interaction was investigated by using fast-response pressure transducers, high-speed schlieren photography, and pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) at freestream Mach numbers of 1.8 and 2.9. The influence of Mach number on the interaction of a cavity (LID = 3.6, W/D = 3.8) and a modeled store was characterized. Highspeed schlieren photography illustrated the real-time motion of coherent spanwise structures in the Mach 1.8 flow and revealed the absence of these structures in the Mach 2.9 How. The spectra measured in the Mach 1.8 flow exhibited clear resonant peaks consistent with Rossiter modes, whereas the Mach 2.9 flow did not. The mean floor pressure increased as the store was positioned nearer to the free shear layer for both Mach number conditions. Interestingly, the level of the pressure fluctuations measured on the cavity floor decreased for the Mach 1.8 case when the store was positioned in the freestream but increased for the Mach 2.9 case. PSP was applied to the cavity floor and to the modeled store. Integration of the measured pressure field on the store yielded information on the forces and pitching moment. Schlieren imaging of a modeled store exiting the cavity indicated that the free shear layer is slightly displaced by the moving store. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Innovate Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Bjorge, ST (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mark.reeder@afit.edu OI Subramanian, Chelakara S./0000-0003-4149-2972 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1465 EP 1475 DI 10.2514/1.10943 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 942GZ UT WOS:000230272200007 ER PT J AU Baker, JE AF Baker, JE TI Decyphering ancient bones: The research potential of bioarchaeological collections. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identif Lab, Hickam AFB, HI USA. RP Baker, JE (reprint author), Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identif Lab, Hickam AFB, HI USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 127 IS 3 BP 371 EP 372 DI 10.1002/ajpa.20091 PG 2 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 937TR UT WOS:000229949100013 ER PT J AU Allievi, A Perez, R Masoli, O Khoury, M Redruello, M Furattini, MC Mysler, E Basta, MC Orden, AO AF Allievi, A Perez, R Masoli, O Khoury, M Redruello, M Furattini, MC Mysler, E Basta, MC Orden, AO TI Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) myocardial perfusion abnormalities and cold pressor test SO ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual European Congress of Rheumatology CY JUN 08-11, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA C1 JA Fernandez Hosp, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. C Argerich Hosp, Nucl Cardiol Dept, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. USAF, Cent Hosp, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0003-4967 EI 1468-2060 J9 ANN RHEUM DIS JI Ann. Rheum. Dis. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 64 SU 3 BP 234 EP + PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 937FD UT WOS:000229909101108 ER PT J AU Fickus, M Johnson, BD Kornelson, K Okoudjou, KA AF Fickus, M Johnson, BD Kornelson, K Okoudjou, KA TI Convolutional frames and the frame potential SO APPLIED AND COMPUTATIONAL HARMONIC ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE filter bank; frame; potential; convolution ID OVERSAMPLED FILTER BANKS; TIGHT FRAMES AB The recently introduced notion of frame potential has proven useful for the characterization of finite-dimensional tight frames. The present work represents an effort to similarly characterize finite-dimensional tight frames with additional imposed structure. In particular, it is shown that the frame potential still leads to a complete description of tight frames when restricted to the class of translation-invariant systems. It is natural to refer to such frames as convolutional because of the correspondence between translation-invariant systems and finite-dimensional filter banks. The fast algorithms associated with convolution represent one possible advantage over nonconvolutional frames in applications. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 St Louis Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Math, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Math, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Fickus, M (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. EM matthew.fickus@afit.edu; brody@slu.edu; komelso@math.grinnell.edu; kasso@math.cornell.edu RI Okoudjou, Kasso/C-7736-2014 OI Okoudjou, Kasso/0000-0003-4679-5534 NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1063-5203 J9 APPL COMPUT HARMON A JI Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 BP 77 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.acha.2005.02.005 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 941OG UT WOS:000230223500005 ER PT J AU Gurton, KP Dahmani, R Ligon, D Bronk, BV AF Gurton, KP Dahmani, R Ligon, D Bronk, BV TI In situ measurement of the infrared absorption and extinction of chemical and biologically derived aerosols using flow-through photoacoustics SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SMOKE AB In an effort to establish a more reliable set of optical cross sections for a variety of chemical and biological aerosol simulants, we have developed a flow-through photoacoustic system that is capable of measuring absolute, mass-normalized extinction and absorption cross sections. By employing a flow-through design we avoid issues associated with closed aerosol photoacoustic systems and improve sensitivity. Although the results shown here were obtained for the tunable CO, laser waveband region, i.e., 9.20-10.80 mu m, application to other wavelengths is easily achievable. The aerosols considered are categorized as biological, chemical, and inorganic in origin, i.e., Bacillus atrophaeus endospores, dimethicone silicone oil (SF-96 grade 50), and kaolin clay powder (alumina and silicate), respectively. Results compare well with spectral extinction measured previously by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Comparisons with Mie theory calculations based on previously published complex indices of refraction and measured size distributions are also presented. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America C1 USA, Res Lab, Harry Diamond Labs, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SBCCOM, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Gurton, KP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Harry Diamond Labs, 2800 Powder Mil Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM kgurton@arl.army.mil NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 19 BP 4096 EP 4101 DI 10.1364/AO.44.004096 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 940OM UT WOS:000230153800028 PM 16004057 ER PT J AU Zagidullin, MV Nikolaev, VD Svistun, MI Khvatov, NA Hager, GD AF Zagidullin, MV Nikolaev, VD Svistun, MI Khvatov, NA Hager, GD TI Characteristics of the gain medium for an ejector COIL with supersonic nozzles for the driver buffer gas SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-IODINE LASER; SINGLET OXYGEN; RECOMBINATION; JETS AB The use of supersonic nozzles for the driver nitrogen in an ejector nozzle bank (ENB) for chemical-oxygen iodine laser (COIL) resulted in the elimination of the chocking effect for the primary oxygen flow and formation of a low temperature gain medium. The ENB generates a supersonic gain medium with a Mach number greater than 2.2, and a temperature less than 200 K. The potential recovered pressure was 90 Torr with a small signal gain greater than 10(-2) cm(-1). With a 5 cm gain length for this nozzle, the output power was 1.2 kW with a chemical efficiency of 23.4%. A strong decay of I((2)P(1/2)) emission, (concentration), along the gain medium flow was observed . C1 PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Samara Branch, Samara 443011, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. AFRL, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Zagidullin, MV (reprint author), PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Samara Branch, Novosadovaya 221, Samara 443011, Russia. EM marsel@fian.smr.ru RI Svistun, Mikhael/N-5606-2015; Zagidullin, Marsel/M-8631-2015; Khvatov, Nikolay/G-6730-2016 NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 81 IS 2 BP 311 EP 315 DI 10.1007/s00339-005-3229-x PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 927ZB UT WOS:000229239800013 ER PT J AU Perkins, DL Lovell, CR Bronk, BV Setlow, B Setlow, P Myrick, ML AF Perkins, DL Lovell, CR Bronk, BV Setlow, B Setlow, P Myrick, ML TI Fourier transform infrared reflectance microspectroscopy study of Bacillus subtilis engineered without dipicolinic acid: The contribution of calcium dipicolinate to the mid-infrared absorbance of Bacillus subtilis endospores SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus subtilis; pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid; dipicolinic acid; calcium dipicolinate; endospores; FT-IR spectroscopy; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ID TERBIUM DIPICOLINATE; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BACTERIAL-SPORES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; GERMINATION; SPECTRA AB Mid-infrared spectra of spores of two strains of Bacillus subtilis, PS832 (wild-type) and FB122 (sleB spoVF), that are isogenic except for the two mutations in FB122 were obtained by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) reflectance microspectroseopy. The mutations in FB122 cause the spores of this strain to be devoid of dipicolinic acid (pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid; DPA), a biomarker characteristic of bacterial spores. Analysis of these two strains by difference spectroscopy revealed a spectrum similar to that of calcium dipicolinate (CaDPA), a chelate salt of DPA. This difference spectrum was compared to mid-infrared spectra of both DPA and CaDPA, and was attributed to CaDPA only. This is the first report known to the authors of a genetically engineered organism being used to identify the spectral contribution of a particular cellular component. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Sci Biol, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AF Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Mol Microbial & Struct Biol, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. RP Myrick, ML (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, 631 Sumter St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM myrick@mail.chem.sc.edu OI Myrick, Michael/0000-0002-6905-0925 NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 59 IS 7 BP 893 EP 896 DI 10.1366/0003702054411742 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 945AS UT WOS:000230473300008 PM 16053560 ER PT J AU Pilmanis, AA Webb, JT Balldin, UI AF Pilmanis, AA Webb, JT Balldin, UI TI Partial pressure of nitrogen in breathing mixtures and risk of altitude decompression sickness SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE altitude; venous gas emboli; on-board oxygen generating systems; argon; decompression sickness; nitrogen; breathing gas ID OXYGEN AB Background: Many aircraft oxygen systems do not deliver 100% O-2 Inert gases can be present at various levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of these inert gas levels on decompression sickness (DCS). Methods: Subjects were exposed for 4 h to 5486 m (18,000 ft) with zero prebreathe, using either mild; (Test A) or strenuous exercise (Test B), and breathing 60%N-2/40%O-2. Test C used a breathing mixture of 40%N-2/60%O-2 at 6858 m (22,500 ft) with zero prebreathe and mild exercise. Test D investigated a breathing mixture of 2.8%N-2/4.2%argon/93%O-2 with 4 h exposures to 7620 m (25,000 ft), mild exercise, and 90 min of preoxygenation. The controls were from previous studies using similar conditions and 100% O-2. Results:The DCS risk for Tests A and B and the Control for B was 7%; the Control for Test A was 0% (n.s.). Breathing the 40%N-2/60%O-2 mixture (Test C) resulted in 43% DCS compared with 53% DCS with 100% O-2 (n.s.). When the 2.8%N-2/4.2%argon/93%O-2 mixture was used, the results showed 25% DCS compared with 31% DCS with 100% OO2 (n.s.). Conclusions. The increased nitrogen and argon levels in the breathing gas while at altitudes of 5486 m to 7620 m did not increase DCS risk. These results support the concept of using the partial pressure gradient of inert gases instead of the percentage of N-2 or argon in a breathing gas mixture to determine the risk of DCS during altitude exposure. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, HEPG, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wyle Labs, Life Sci Syst Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Pilmanis, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, HEPG, 2485 Gillingham Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM andrew.pilmanis@brooks.af.mil NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 76 IS 7 BP 635 EP 641 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 941WM UT WOS:000230244900003 PM 16018345 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JA Caldwell, JL AF Caldwell, JA Caldwell, JL TI Fatigue in military aviation: An overview of US military-approved pharmacological countermeasures SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE hypnotic; stimulant; aviation; fatigue; sustained operations ID HELICOPTER PILOT PERFORMANCE; TOTAL SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; SUSTAINED MENTAL WORK; COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE; D-AMPHETAMINE; PROPHYLACTIC NAPS; DOSE-RESPONSE; DAYTIME SLEEP; SHIFT WORKERS; JET-LAG AB Uncomfortable working and sleeping environments, high operational tempos, sustained operations, and insufficient staffing make fatigue a growing concern. in aviation, where a single mistake can cost millions of dollars, it is essential to optimize operator alertness. Although behavioral and administrative fatigue countermeasures should comprise the "first line" approach for sustaining aircrew performance, pharmacological fatigue countermeasures are often required. Various components of the U.S. military have authorized the use of specific compounds for this purpose. Hypnotics such as temazepam, zolpidem, or zaleplon can mitigate the fatigue associated with insufficient or disturbed sleep. Alertness-enhancing compounds such as caffeine, modafinil, or dextroamphetamine can temporarily bridge the gap between widely spaced sleep periods. Each of these medications has a role in sustaining the safety and effectiveness of military aircrews. The present paper provides a short overview of these compounds as well as factors to be considered before choosing one or more to help manage fatigue. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Warfighter Fatigue Countermeasures S&T, Biosci & Protect Div,Human Effectiveness Director, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Caldwell, JL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Warfighter Fatigue Countermeasures S&T, Biosci & Protect Div,Human Effectiveness Director, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM Lynn.Caldwell@brooks.af.mil NR 115 TC 54 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 15 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 76 IS 7 SU S BP C39 EP C51 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 942YI UT WOS:000230318400010 PM 16018329 ER PT J AU Doan, BK Caldwell, JA Hursh, SR Whitmore, JN O'Donnell, RD Russo, MB AF Doan, BK Caldwell, JA Hursh, SR Whitmore, JN O'Donnell, RD Russo, MB TI Assessing psychoactive pharmaceuticals and transitioning pharmacological fatigue countermeasures into operational environments SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE fatigue countermeasures; pharmacologic countermeasures; psychotropic; operations; pharmaceuticals; pharmacology AB Herein we summarize a discussion on the topic of how psychopharmaceuticals for potential military operational use may be evaluated based on their effects on performance and safety, and introduce two manuscripts: the first (Caldwell and Caldwell; 1) addressing the operational use of fatigue countermeasures; and the second (Rowland; 3) discussing the potential operational use and limitations of ketamine as a field analgesic. Fatigue countermeasures are usually employed by a relatively small number of military members engaged in sustained or continuous operations when sleep is not an option. Clinical treatments are available at any time as required to treat medical conditions. The issue of importance for the operational community, with regard to both clinical use of psychopharmaceuticals and performance maintenance through fatigue countermeasures, should be whether the medication impairs operationally relevant performance, assuming the disorder for which the medication is prescribed does not in itself prohibit operational duties. Applied research paradigms are generally discussed for assessing and transitioning pharmaceutical compounds from the laboratory to the operational environment. Tier I focuses on quantifying the impact of stressors and interventions in healthy members of the general population, while Tier 2 testing would use military or operationally matched volunteers in simulated or actual field environments. The section papers address two areas of operational relevance-the Caldwell and Caldwell paper presents guidelines for the use of fatigue countermeasures, and the Rowland paper discusses the potential effects of ketamine, an agent intended to replace morphine as a battlefield analgesic, on cognition. Keywords: fatigue countermeasures, pharmacologic countermeasures, psychotropic, operations, pharmaceuticals, pharmacology. C1 Biosci & Protect Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Fatigue Countermeasures Branch, AF Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA USA. NTI Inc, Fairborn, OH USA. USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL USA. RP Doan, BK (reprint author), Biosci & Protect Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Fatigue Countermeasures Branch, AF Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM Brandon.Doan@brooks.af.mil NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 76 IS 7 SU S BP C34 EP C38 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 942YI UT WOS:000230318400009 PM 16018328 ER PT J AU Russo, MB Kendall, AP Johnson, DE Sing, HC Thorne, DR Escolas, SM Santiago, S Holland, DA Hall, SW Redmond, DP AF Russo, MB Kendall, AP Johnson, DE Sing, HC Thorne, DR Escolas, SM Santiago, S Holland, DA Hall, SW Redmond, DP TI Visual perception, psychomotor performance, and complex motor performance during an overnight air refueling simulated flight SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE aerospace human factors; fatigue; sleep deprivation; visual neglect; psychomotor vigilance; lapses; visual perception; aerial refueling; visual attention ID TOTAL SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; FATIGUE; ALERTNESS; MOOD; ACCURACY; AVIATORS; PATTERNS; MISSIONS; RECOVERY; DURATION AB Introduction: Visual perception task, complex motor flight task, and psychomotor vigilance task performances were evaluated in U.S. Air Force pilots navigating a high-fidelity fixed wing jet simulator over 26 5 h of continuous wakefulness. Methods: Eight military pilots on flight status performed the primary task of flying a simulated 12.5-h overnight mission in an Air Refueling Part Task Trainer (ARPTT). Response omission to presentation of single- and double-light stimuli displayed in random sequence across the cockpit instrument panel was the metric used to assess choice visual perception task (CVPT) performance. Deviation from an established azimuth heading in the ARPTT during the CVPT was the flight metric used to assess complex motor performance. Speed, lapse, false start, and anticipation were the metrics used to assess psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) performance during crew rest periods. Results: Significant visual perceptual, complex motor, and psychomotor vigilance (speed and lapse) impairments occurred at 19 h awake in the eight-subject group. CVPT response omissions significantly correlated with ARPTT azimuth deviations at r = 0.97, and with PVT speed at r = -0.92 and lapses at r = 0.90. ARPTT azimuth deviations significantly correlated with PVT speed at r = -0.92 and lapses at r = 0.91. Conclusions: Acute sleep deprivation degrades visual perceptual, complex motor, and simple motor performance. Complex motor impairments strongly correlate with visual perceptual impairments. This research provides support for the use of visual perceptual measures as surrogates of complex motor performance in operational situations where the primary cognitive inputs are through the visual system. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Aircrew Hlth & Performance Div, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. LB&B Inc, Simulator Syst, L3 Com Inc, McGuire AFB, NJ USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, McGuire AFB, NJ USA. RP Russo, MB (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Aircrew Hlth & Performance Div, 6901 Farrell Dr,POB 620577, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. EM michael.russo@us.army.mil NR 51 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 76 IS 7 SU S BP C92 EP C103 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 942YI UT WOS:000230318400016 PM 16018335 ER PT J AU Whitmore, JN AF Whitmore, JN TI Assessing performance in complex team environments SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE team performance; performance assessment; command and control; team tasks AB This paper provides a brief introduction to team performance assessment. it highlights some critical aspects leading to the successful measurement of team performance in realistic console operations; discusses the idea of process and outcome measures; presents two types of team data collection systems; and provides an example of team performance assessment. Team performance assessment is a complicated endeavor relative to assessing individual performance. Assessing team performance necessitates a clear understanding of each operator's task, both at the individual and team level, and requires planning for efficient data capture and analysis. Though team performance assessment requires considerable effort, the results can be very worthwhile. Most tasks performed in Command and Control environments are team tasks, and understanding this type of performance is becoming increasingly important to the evaluation of mission success and for overall system optimization. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directoate, Biosci & Protect Div,Fatique Countermeasures Bran, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Whitmore, JN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directoate, Biosci & Protect Div,Fatique Countermeasures Bran, 2504 Gillingham Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM Jeff.Whitmore@brooks.af.mil NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 76 IS 7 SU S BP C31 EP C33 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 942YI UT WOS:000230318400008 PM 16018327 ER PT J AU Sanii, LS Schill, AW Moran, CE El-Sayed, MA AF Sanii, LS Schill, AW Moran, CE El-Sayed, MA TI The protonation-deprotonation kinetics of the protonated Schiff base in bicelle bacteriorhodopsin crystals SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LIPIDIC CUBIC PHASES; HALOBACTERIUM-HALOBIUM; PURPLE MEMBRANE; PHOTOCHEMICAL CYCLE; PARALLEL PHOTOCYCLES; DARK-ADAPTATION; SPECTROSCOPY; RAMAN; CRYSTALLIZATION; CHROMOPHORE AB In the recently published x-ray crystal structure of the "bicelle" bacteriorhodopsin (bbR) crystal, the protein has quite a different structure from the native and the in cubo bacteriorhodopsin (cbR) crystal. Instead of packing in parallel trimers as do the native membrane and the cbR crystals, in the bbR crystal the protein packs as antiparallel monomers. To date, no functional studies have been performed, to our knowledge, to investigate if the photocycle is observed in this novel protein packing structure. In this study, both Raman and time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy are used to both confirm the presence of the photocycle and investigate the deprotonation-reprotonation kinetics of the Schiff base proton in the bbR crystal. The observed rates of deprotonation and reprotonation processes of its Schiff base have been compared to those observed for native bR under the same conditions. Unlike the previously observed similarity of the rates of these processes for cbR crystals and those for native bacteriorhodopsin (bR), in bbR crystals the rate of deprotonation has increased by 300%, and the rate of reprotonation has decreased by nearly 700%. These results are discussed in light of the changes observed when native bR is delipidated or monomerized by detergents. Both the change of the hydrophobicity of the environment around the protonated Schiff base and Asp(85) and Asp(96) (which could change the pK(a) values of proton donor-acceptor pairs) and the water structure in the bbR crystal are offered as possible explanations for the different observations. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Laser Dynam Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH USA. RP El-Sayed, MA (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Laser Dynam Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM mostafa.el-sayed@chemistry.gatech.edu NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 89 IS 1 BP 444 EP 451 DI 10.1529/biophysj.105.059675 PG 8 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 939ZX UT WOS:000230114500047 PM 15821169 ER PT J AU Bugna, GC Chanton, JP Stauffer, TB MacIntyre, WG Libelo, EL AF Bugna, GC Chanton, JP Stauffer, TB MacIntyre, WG Libelo, EL TI Partitioning microbial respiration between jet fuel and native organic matter in an organic-rich long time-contaminated aquifer SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE stable carbon isotope; radiocarbon; aquifer; jet fuel; petroleum hydrocarbon; biodegradation ID CARBON-ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; IN-SITU BIOREMEDIATION; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; INTRINSIC BIOREMEDIATION; PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS; VADOSE ZONE; BIODEGRADATION; GROUNDWATER; MINERALIZATION; DELTA-C-13 AB The relative importance of jet fuel biodegradation relative to the respiration of natural organic matter in a contaminated organic-rich aquifer underlying a fire training area at Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida, USA was determined with isotopic measurements. Thirteen wells were sampled and analyzed for BTX (benzene, toluene, xylene), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and CH4 concentrations, and delta(13)C and C-14 of DIC. Results range from non-detectable to 3 790 ppb, 1.4-24 mM, 0.2-776 mu M, +5.8 parts per thousand to -22 parts per thousand, and from 52 to 99 pmc, respectively. Residual fuel was confined to two center wells underlying the fire training area. DIC and CH4 concentrations were elevated down-gradient of the contamination, but also at sites that were not in the apparent flow path of the contaminated groundwater. DIC exhibited greatest delta(13)C enrichment at highest DIC and CH4 concentrations indicating that CH4 production was an important respiration mode. Radiocarbon-depleted DIC was observed at sites with high hydrocarbon concentrations and down-gradient of the site. The results indicate that while natural attenuation was not rapidly reducing the quantity of free product overlying the aquifer at the site of contamination, it was at least constraining its flow away from the spill site. Apparently under the conditions of this study, BTX was degraded as rapidly as it was dissolved. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Armstronb Lab Environ Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Chanton, JP (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM jchanton@mailer.fsu.edu NR 41 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUL PY 2005 VL 60 IS 2 BP 177 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.chemophere.2004.12.066 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 939IT UT WOS:000230066700005 PM 15914237 ER PT J AU Krafft, AE Lichy, JH AF Krafft, AE Lichy, JH TI Time-motion analysis of 6 cystic fibrosis mutation detection systems SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ASSAY AB Background: A dramatic increase in requests for routine cystic fibrosis (CF) carrier screening prompted us to conduct a time-motion analysis comparing commercially available CF testing platforms. Questions addressed in the study included: (a) How much time is required to perform each step involved in carrying out the assay procedure? (b) Which system requires the minimum number of manual manipulations to complete a typical run? (c) What workflow benefits can be achieved by automation? Methods: We used a 96-sample run for comparisons and analyzed each of the 6 methods to determine the number of pipetting steps and manual manipulations, the labor and instrument time, and the total time required to perform the assay. The survey participants included a staff of 4 technologists who perform complex molecular assays regularly. Time required for each procedure was determined by direct observation and from work logs completed by the technologists. Results: The total number of pipetting motions varied from 78 to 344. Labor time ranged from 2.6 to 8.4 h, and total assay time from 7.6 to 13.7 h. Conclusion: Time-motion analysis allowed identification of a method that minimized pipetting motions and thus reduced the risk of repetitive stress injury. (c) 2005 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 USAF, Inst Pathol, Dept Mol Pathol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Krafft, AE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Pathol, Dept Mol Pathol, 1413 Res Blvd,AFIP Annex, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM Amy.Krafft@afip.osd.mil NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 51 IS 7 BP 1116 EP 1122 DI 10.1073/clinchem.2004.047423 PG 7 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 939VS UT WOS:000230101200006 PM 15860566 ER PT J AU Ly, JQ Sanders, TG Beall, DP AF Ly, JQ Sanders, TG Beall, DP TI MR imaging of the elbow - A spectrum of common pathologic conditions SO CLINICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE elbow MR imaging; elbow; MRI ID EPICONDYLITIS AB The following pictorial essay is a review of common elbow pathology as seen on elbow MR imaging. These include pathologic conditions that involve tendons, ligaments, osseous structures, bursa and other miscellaneous and incidentally detected lesions. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Ly, JQ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM jly15544@hotmail.com NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-7071 J9 CLIN IMAG JI Clin. Imaging PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 29 IS 4 BP 278 EP 282 DI 10.1016/S0899-7071(03)00153-0 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 946CX UT WOS:000230550800010 PM 15967321 ER PT J AU Ly, JQ LaGatta, LM Beall, DP Packard, J AF Ly, JQ LaGatta, LM Beall, DP Packard, J TI Massive recurrent synovial sarcoma of the hip - Radiologic-histologic correlation in a case of failed magnet therapy SO CLINICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE synovial sarcoma; MR imaging; synovial sarcoma; synovial tumors AB We report the unusual case of a recurrent, massive synovial sarcoma of the hip, following magnet therapy failure. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Ly, JQ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM jly15544@hotmail.com NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-7071 J9 CLIN IMAG JI Clin. Imaging PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 29 IS 4 BP 291 EP 293 DI 10.1016/S0899-7071(03)00016-0 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 946CX UT WOS:000230550800013 PM 15967324 ER PT J AU Katta, VR Blevins, LG Roquemore, WM AF Katta, VR Blevins, LG Roquemore, WM TI Dynamics of an inverse diffusion flame and its role in polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbon and soot formation SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE inverse diffusion flame; soot; PAH; flicker; soot inception; benzene ID PARTICLES; GROWTH; COMBUSTION; TRANSPORT; MODELS AB Residence time and thermo-chemical environment are important factors in the soot-formation process in flames. Recent studies have revealed that the soot generated in an inverse diffusion flame (IDF) is not fully carbonized as it is in a normal diffusion flame. For understanding the chemical and physical structure of the partially carbonized soot formed in inverse diffusion flames, knowledge of the flow dynamics of these flames is required. A time-dependent, detailed-chemistry computational-fluid-dynamics (CID) model is developed for simulation of an ethylene-air inverse jet-diffusion flame that has been studied experimentally. Steady-state simulations show that all of the polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbon (PAH) species are produced outside the flame surface on the fuel side. Unsteady simulations reveal that buoyancy-induced vortices establish outside the flame because of the low fuel jet velocity (similar to 40 cm/s) employed. These vortices in inverse diffusion flames, as opposed to those in normal diffusion flames, appear primarily in the exhaust jet. The advection of these vortices at 17.2 Hz increases mixing and causes PAH species to be more uniformly distributed in downstream locations. While the concentrations of rapidly formed radical and product species are not altered appreciably by the flame oscillation, concentrations of certain slowly formed PAH species are significantly changed. The dynamics of 20-nm tracer particles injected from the 1200 K fuel-side contour line suggest that soot particles are reheated and cooled alternately while being entrained into and advected by the buoyancy-induced vortices. This flow pattern could explain the experimentally observed large size and slight carbonization of IDF soot particles. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Katta, VR (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM vrkatta@erinet.com NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUL PY 2005 VL 142 IS 1-2 BP 33 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.02.006 PG 19 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 936SC UT WOS:000229874700004 ER PT J AU Meyer, TR Roy, S Lucht, RP Gord, JR AF Meyer, TR Roy, S Lucht, RP Gord, JR TI Dual-pump dual-broadband CARS for exhaust-gas temperature and CO2-O-2-N-2 mole-fraction measurements in model gas-turbine combustors SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE CARS; temperature; carbon dioxide; oxygen; nitrogen; gas-turbine combustor ID STOKES-RAMAN-SCATTERING; CO2 CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS; ROTATIONAL CARS; REACTING FLOWS; SPECTROSCOPY; NITROGEN; FLAMES AB Application of dual-pump, dual-broadband (DPDB) coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) for the measurement of temperature and multiple-species mole fractions is presented for the first time in a liquid-fueled combustor of practical interest. In this system pure rotational transitions of O-2-N-2 and the ro-vibrational transitions of CO2-N-2 are probed using two narrowband pump beams, a broadband pump beam, and a broadband Stokes beam. This technique permits highly accurate temperature measurements at both low and high temperatures as well as mole-fraction measurements of two molecules with respect to N-2 from each laser shot. Single-shot measurements of temperature and mole-fraction ratios of CO2/N-2 and O-2/N-2 in the exhaust stream of a swirl-stabilized, JP-8-fueled, model gas-turbine combustor are presented for equivalence ratios ranging from 0.45 to 1.0. Agreement between mean rotational and ro-vibrational temperatures is within similar to 3%, and mean measurements of CO2/N-2 and O-2/N-2 mole-fraction ratios are within similar to 15% of equilibrium theory. To illustrate the ability of the current measurement system to track multiple scalar statistics in turbulent reacting flows, histograms and scatter plots of temperature and species mole fractions are presented within the potential-core and turbulent-shear-layer regions of the exhaust stream. (c) 2005 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Meyer, TR (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM trmeyer@innssi.com RI Meyer, Terrence/F-1556-2011; 刘, 兴/B-7263-2011 NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUL PY 2005 VL 142 IS 1-2 BP 52 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.02.007 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 936SC UT WOS:000229874700005 ER PT J AU Messier, SE Tankersley, MS AF Messier, SE Tankersley, MS TI Hymenoptera allergy SO CUTIS LA English DT Letter ID HYPERSENSITIVITY; IMMUNOTHERAPY RP Messier, SE (reprint author), 354th Med Grp, Eielson AFB, AK USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JUL PY 2005 VL 76 IS 1 BP 62 EP 63 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 946MU UT WOS:000230577200015 PM 16144295 ER PT J AU Dunn, WJ Davis, JT Bush, AC AF Dunn, WJ Davis, JT Bush, AC TI Shear bond strength and SEM evaluation of composite bonded to Er : YAG laser-prepared dentin and enamel SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE lasers; ablation; adhesion; dentin bonding; acid etching ID IN-VITRO; SOFT-TISSUE; CAVITY PREPARATION; NERVE-FIBERS; HARD TISSUES; RADIATION; TEETH; ABLATION; ACID; IRRADIATION AB Objectives. The purpose of this study was to evaluate dentin and enamel bond strength to resin composite following high-speed rotary or Er:YAG laser preparation using a total etch adhesive system. The microstructure of resin-tooth interfaces was also investigated. Methods. Human dentin and enamel specimens were prepared with a high-speed handpiece (KaVo) or Er:YAG laser (DELight) at manufacturer's recommended settings and etched with either 37% H3PO4, laser etched, or not etched. Composite rods (Z-250, 3M/ESPE) were bonded to specimens with an adhesive (Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, 3M/ESPE). After thermocycling, specimens were tested in shear to failure. Results. Two-factor ANOVA detected significant differences in the main effects of preparation and etch type, and interaction (p<0.001). Post hoc analyses showed that in both dentin and enamel, only the acid-etched specimens had significantly higher mean bond strengths, with rotary-prepared specimens having significantly higher mean bond strengths versus laser prepared specimens. Within each preparation type, in both dentin and enamel, acid etch was better than laser etch, and laser etch was better than no etch. Scanning electron microscopy of laser-ablated specimens demonstrated significant surface scaling and subsurface fissuring beyond normal resin penetration depth. Significance. Adhesion to laser-ablated or laser-etched dentin and enamel was inferior to that of conventional rotary preparation and acid etching. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Academy of Dental Materials. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Dunn, WJ (reprint author), 3701 Point Clear Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. EM darkhorse@cableone.net NR 47 TC 85 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 21 IS 7 BP 616 EP 624 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2004.11.003 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 946RN UT WOS:000230590000004 PM 15978270 ER PT J AU Naboulsi, S AF Naboulsi, S TI Applications of crack analogy to fretting fatigue SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE fretting fatigue; crack initiation parameter; fracture mechanics; contact mechanics ID ELASTIC HALF-SPACE; FRACTURE-MECHANICS; ADHESIVE CONTACT; BODIES; SOLIDS AB In literature the most common approach to investigate fretting fatigue is based on contact mechanics. Crack initiation parameters of fretting fatigue are developed using elastic solution of two contacting bodies. Even though contact based parameters has been used extensively, they could not fully capture crack initiation mechanism due to the complexities of the fretting fatigue damage process, which depends on pad geometries, surface properties, material properties, and mechanical loading conditions. This has instigated fretting fatigue researcher to investigate other approaches. Recently, taking advantage of the similarities between contact mechanics and fracture mechanics lead to the development of crack analogy methodology (CAM), which defines the stress intensity factor as a fretting fatigue crack initiation parameter. CAM has shown a great potential investigating fretting fatigue. However, it has not been applied to wide range of fretting fatigue scenarios. The scope of this paper is not to focus on analytical development of CAM as much as validating its ability to analyze various fretting fatigue scenarios. Based on CAM, the present study introduces the crack analogy fretting parameter (CAF-parameter) to investigate crack initiation of fretting fatigue, which is equivalent to the change of mode II stress intensity factor at the contact surface, since the change in the stress intensity factor reflects the cyclic mechanism of fatigue. Further, a modification to the CAM is adopted to include various indenter-substrate geometries. Also, CAF-parameter-life curve, similar to the stress life S-N curve, will be developed as a prediction tool to crack initiation for various geometric configurations using experimental data. This is consistent with presenting fatigue data. The results show similar pattern to plain fatigue with lower damage tolerance. It also shows scatter and dependency on the pad configuration as expected. Finally, the CAF-parameter shows potentials in effectively analyzing/predicting the complex mechanism of fretting fatigue. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, AFIT,ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Naboulsi, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, AFIT,ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM samir.naboulsi@afit.edu NR 26 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 72 IS 10 BP 1610 EP 1623 DI 10.1016/j.engfracemech.2004.11.006 PG 14 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 920II UT WOS:000228682200006 ER PT J AU Coletta, D AF Coletta, Damon TI Managing the Transatlantic Gap: The Rise of Spain SO FOREIGN POLICY ANALYSIS LA English DT Article AB Among the many frustrations hampering cooperation between Western allies is the transatlantic gap in defense capabilities. Many analysts find little reason for hope that the gap might close in the near future due to the growing differential in aggregate defense spending between the U. S. and Europe. In recent years, however, Spain set an intriguing precedent for small states entering the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU). Defying economies of scale, Spain used progressive institutions at domestic and international levels along with creative geopolitics to engage both the U. S. and traditional powers in Europe. The result was that Spain, without dramatic increases in defense spending, still managed to narrow the transatlantic gap along vital dimensions. These included increased participation in the development of high-technology defense and aerospace systems as well as a stronger, independent voice in global affairs. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Coletta, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1743-8586 J9 FOREIGN POLICY ANAL JI Foreign Policy Anal. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 1 IS 2 BP 229 EP 247 DI 10.1111/j.1743-8594.2005.00011.x PG 19 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA V18BE UT WOS:000207979500004 ER PT J AU Lane, RG Jumper, JM Nasir, MA MacCumber, MW McCuen, BW AF Lane, RG Jumper, JM Nasir, MA MacCumber, MW McCuen, BW TI A prospective, open-label, dose-escalating study of low molecular weight heparin during repeat vitrectomy for PVR and severe diabetic retinopathy SO GRAEFES ARCHIVE FOR CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY APR 30-MAY 05, 2000 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol ID POSTVITRECTOMY FIBRIN FORMATION; INTRAOCULAR FIBRIN; CLINICAL-TRIAL; THERAPY AB Background: To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of enoxaparin, a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was used during repeat vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and severe diabetic retinopathy. Methods: From 25 patients, 29 eyes undergoing repeat vitrectomy for PVR (CP3 or greater) or severe diabetic retinopathy were included in the study. Patients had previously undergone an average of 2.1 previous vitrectomies (range 1-5). Enoxaparin was added to the infusion fluid in an escalating dose from 0.1 IU/ml to 6.0 IU/ml as tolerated. Intraoperative bleeding, postoperative fibrin, hyphema and vitreous hemorrhage were graded in an unmasked fashion using previously described grading scales. Results: All patients completed the study, and the study was able to achieve the 6.0 IU/ml maximum dose on the dose escalation schedule. No patient experienced dose-limiting toxicity. Analysis showed no increase in intraoperative bleeding complications between low dose (<= 1.0 IU/ml) and high dose (> 1.0 IU/ml) enoxaparin (Mann-Whitney Test, P=0.029). Conclusions: Enoxaparin dose escalation did not result in a dose-dependent increase in acute side effects. The establishment of a well-tolerated dose of enoxaparin during repeat vitrectomy for PVR and severe diabetic retinopathy (6.0 IU/ml) provides a foundation for future studies. C1 W Coast Retina Med Grp, San Francisco, CA USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Calif Retina Consultants, Santa Barbara, CA USA. Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Chicago, IL USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Eye, Durham, NC USA. RP Jumper, JM (reprint author), W Coast Retina Med Grp, 105 Berry St,Suite 130, San Francisco, CA USA. EM JMJumper@WestCoastRetina.com NR 9 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-832X J9 GRAEF ARCH CLIN EXP JI Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 243 IS 7 BP 701 EP 705 DI 10.1007/s00417-004-0912-0 PG 5 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 942ER UT WOS:000230266200012 PM 15744529 ER PT J AU Parasuraman, R Galster, S Squire, P Furukawa, H Miller, C AF Parasuraman, R Galster, S Squire, P Furukawa, H Miller, C TI Flexible delegation-type interface enhances system performance in human supervision of multiple robots: Empirical studies with RoboFlag SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART A-SYSTEMS AND HUMANS LA English DT Article DE automation; delegation; human-robot interaction; playbook; unmanned vehicles AB Three experiments and a computational analysis were conducted to investigate the effects of a delegation-type interface on human supervision of simulated multiple unmanned vehicles. Participants supervised up to eight robots using automated behaviors ("plays"), manual (waypoint) control, or both to capture the flag of an opponent with an equal number of robots, using a simple form of a delegation-type interface, Playbook. Experiment I showed that the delegation interface increased mission success rate and reduced mission completion time when the opponent "posture" was unpredictably offensive or defensive. Experiment 2 showed that performance was superior when operators could flexibly use both automated behaviors and manual control, although there was a small increase in subjective workload. Experiment 3 investigated additional dimensions of flexibility by comparing delegation interfaces to restricted interfaces. Eight interfaces were tested, varying in the level of abstraction at which robot behavior could be tasked and the level of aggregation (single or multiple robots) to which plays could be assigned. Performance was superior with flexible interfaces for four robots, but this benefit was eliminated when eight robots had to be supervised. Finally, a computational analysis using task-network modeling and Monte Carlo simulation gave results that closely paralleled the empirical data on changes in workload across interface type. The results provide initial empirical evidence for the efficacy of delegation-type interfaces in human supervision of a team of multiple autonomous robots. C1 George Mason Univ, Arch Lab, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. SIFT Inc, Minneapolis, MN 55401 USA. RP Parasuraman, R (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Arch Lab, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 0 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1083-4427 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY A JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Paart A-Syst. Hum. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 35 IS 4 BP 481 EP 493 DI 10.1109/TSMCA.2005.850598 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 936OO UT WOS:000229865500006 ER PT J AU Repperger, DW Phillips, CA Berlin, JE Neidhard-Doll, AT Haas, MW AF Repperger, DW Phillips, CA Berlin, JE Neidhard-Doll, AT Haas, MW TI Human-machine haptic interface design using stochastic resonance methods SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART A-SYSTEMS AND HUMANS LA English DT Article DE haptics; human-machine interfaces; stochastic resonance ID OPTIMAL-CONTROL MODEL; TACTILE SENSATION; FLIGHT CONTROL; HUMAN PILOT; NOISE; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS; ENVIRONMENT; TURBULENCE; DYNAMICS AB A study was conducted with haptic (forces produced on a human via mechanical systems) interfaces and how they may interact with an operator to improve tracking performance. What differs from traditional approaches is that a certain amount of random noise (in a haptic sense) was inserted into the human-machine loop. It was observed that the tracking performance of the operator benetitted from this interaction. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HECP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Sch Biomed Human Factors & Ind Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Gen Dynam Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Repperger, DW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HECP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1083-4427 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY A JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Paart A-Syst. Hum. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 35 IS 4 BP 574 EP 582 DI 10.1109/TSMCA.2005.850608 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 936OO UT WOS:000229865500014 ER PT J AU Wang, X Ma, N Bliss, DF Iseler, GW AF Wang, X Ma, N Bliss, DF Iseler, GW TI A numerical investigation of dopant segregation by modified vertical gradient freezing with moderate magnetic and weak electric fields SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-PHASE ELECTROEPITAXY; SUBMERGED HEATER METHOD; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; CONVECTION; MODEL AB The paper numerically investigates melt growth of doped gallium-antimonide (GaSb) semiconductor crystals by the vertical gradient freeze (VGF) method utilizing a submerged heater. Electromagnetic (EM) stirring can be induced in the gallium-antimonide melt just above the crystal growth interface by applying a small radial electric current in the melt together with an axial magnetic field. The transport of any dopant by the stirring can promote better compositional homogeneity. This investigation presents a numerical model for the unsteady transport of a dopant during the VGF process by submerged heater growth with a moderate axial magnetic field and a weak electric field. Numerical predictions of the dopant distributions in the crystal and in the melt at several different stages during growth are presented. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, AFRL,SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Ma, N (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Campus Box 7910, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM nancy_ma@ncsu.edu NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7225 J9 INT J ENG SCI JI Int. J. Eng. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 43 IS 11-12 BP 908 EP 924 DI 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2005.03.001 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 963VC UT WOS:000231833200003 ER PT J AU McAdams, RM Mair, EA Rajnik, M AF McAdams, RM Mair, EA Rajnik, M TI Neonatal suppurative submandibular sialadenitis: Case report and literature review SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Staphylococcal aureus; etiology; diagnosis; neonate; sialadenitis ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; PRETERM INFANT; ASSOCIATION; CHILDREN AB Acute submandibular sialadenitis is rare in the neonatal period and appears to be associated with prematurity. We describe a case of a premature neonate who developed suppurative submandibular sialadenitis from a hypervirulent strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of this condition are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP McAdams, RM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 2200 Bergquist Dr Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM ryan.mcadams@lackland.af.mil NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0165-5876 J9 INT J PEDIATR OTORHI JI Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 69 IS 7 BP 993 EP 997 DI 10.1016/j.ijporl.2005.01.027 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics SC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics GA 934NK UT WOS:000229715300018 PM 15911021 ER PT J AU Byer, D AF Byer, D TI Real-time detection of intentional chemical contamination - In the distribution system SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SECURITY AB Routine, real-time monitoring of water distribution systems can help provide early warning of intentional threat contamination as well as common water duality compromises. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USAF, Tinker AFB, OK 73145 USA. RP Byer, D (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kcarlson@engr.colostate.edu NR 9 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 97 IS 7 BP 130 EP + PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 943MM UT WOS:000230358100019 ER PT J AU Blair, M Canfield, RA Roberts, RW AF Blair, M Canfield, RA Roberts, RW TI Joined-wing aeroelastic design with geometric nonlinearity SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID OPTIMIZATION AB An integrated process is presented that advances the design of an aeroelastic joined-wing concept by incorporating physics-based results at the system level. For instance, this process replaces empirical mass estimation with high-fidelity analytical mass estimations. Elements of nonlinear structures, aerodynamics, and aeroelastic analyses were incorporated with vehicle configuration design. This process represents a significantly complex application of aeroelastic structural optimization. Specific ruel consumption for a fixed lift-to-drag ratio was considered in the process for estimating fuel to size the structure to meet range and loiter requirements. This design process was implemented on a single configuration for which two crucial nonlinear phenomena contribute to structural failure: large deformation aerodynamics and geometrically nonlinear structures. A correct model of the nonlinear aeroelastie physics offers the possibility of a successful design. Unconventional features of a joined-wing concept are presented with the aid of this unique design model. Hopefully, insight derived from the nonlinear aeroelastic design might be leveraged to the benefit of future joined-wing designs. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. RP Blair, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM maxwell.blair@wpafb.af.mil; robert.canfield@afit.edu; ronald.roberts@wpafb.af.mil RI Canfield, Robert/C-1798-2012 OI Canfield, Robert/0000-0003-3679-2815 NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 42 IS 4 BP 832 EP 848 DI 10.2514/1.2199 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 954EB UT WOS:000231135800003 ER PT J AU Dogan, A Venkataramanan, S Blake, W AF Dogan, A Venkataramanan, S Blake, W TI Modeling of aerodynamic coupling between aircraft in close proximity SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference CY AUG, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID FLIGHT AB A method is developed for modeling the aerodynamic coupling between aircraft flying in close proximity. Velocities induced on a trailing aircraft by vortices from an aircraft upstream are written as a function of the relative separation and relative orientation between the two aircraft. The nonuniform vortex-induced wind and wind gradients acting on the trail aircraft are approximated as effective uniform wind and wind gradients. In a dynamic simulation, the effective wind can be used directly in the equations of motion, whereas the wind gradient can be used in the standard buildup equations for the aerodynamic moments. This removes necessity to explicitly compute the induced forces and moments. Various vortex models for estimating induced velocities and averaging schemes for computing effective wind components and gradients are assessed. Results from the method are compared to wind-tunnel data for a formation of two similar aircraft. A good match is obtained between experimental data and the predicted incremental force and moment coefficients induced on the trail aircraft. It is briefly discussed how the effective wind components and gradients can be incorporated into equations of motion of aircraft flying in a vortex field. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dogan, A (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 42 IS 4 BP 941 EP 955 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 954EB UT WOS:000231135800015 ER PT J AU Pan, E Han, F Albrecht, JD AF Pan, E Han, F Albrecht, JD TI Strain fields in InAs/GaAs quantum wire structures: Inclusion versus inhomogeneity SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ARBITRARY SHAPE; HALF-SPACE; PIEZOELECTRIC FIELDS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ESHELBYS PROBLEM; DOTS; DISTRIBUTIONS; RELAXATION; PLANE AB This paper studies the elastic fields in InAs/GaAs quantum wire (QWR) structures arising from the lattice mismatch between InAs and GaAs. The present treatment is different from recent analyses based on the Eshelby inclusion approach where the QWR material, for simplicity, is assumed to be the same as the matrix/substrate. Here, a more complete treatment is developed taking into account the structural inhomogeneity using the boundary integral equation method. We implement our model using discrete boundary elements at the interface between the QWR and its surrounding matrix. The coefficients of the algebraic equations are derived exactly for constant elements using our recent Green's-function solutions in the Stroh formalism. For both (001) and (111) growth directions, our results show that while the elastic fields far from the QWR are approximated well by the homogeneous inclusion approach, for points within or close to the QWR, the differences between the fields computed with the simplified inclusion and complete inhomogeneity models can be as large as 10% for the test system. These differences in the strain fields will have strong implications for the modeling of the quantized energy states of the quantum wire nanostructures. Since the strain fields inside and close to the wire are more important than the exterior strain fields from the standpoint of the confined electronic states, we suggest that in the vicinity of the QWR, the inhomogeneity model be used with proper elastic constants, while the simple exact inclusion model be used in the bulk of surrounding medium. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44039 USA. Wright Patterson AFB, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pan, E (reprint author), Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44039 USA. EM pan2@uakron.edu RI Pan, Ernian/F-4504-2011 OI Pan, Ernian/0000-0001-6640-7805 NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 1 AR 013534 DI 10.1063/1.1948510 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 953FO UT WOS:000231062200044 ER PT J AU Arfsten, DP Johnson, EW Thitoff, AR Jung, AE Still, KR Brinkley, WW Schaeffer, DJ Jederberg, WW Bobb, AJ AF Arfsten, DP Johnson, EW Thitoff, AR Jung, AE Still, KR Brinkley, WW Schaeffer, DJ Jederberg, WW Bobb, AJ TI Acute and subacute dermal toxicity of Break-Free CLP (R): a weapons cleaning and maintenance compound SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Break-Free CLP; polyalphaolefin; dermal effects; dermal toxicity; nitric oxide ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; KINASE-C ISOFORMS; CONTACT HYPERSENSITIVITY; CROTON-OIL; HAIR LOSS; SKIN; IRRITATION; ALOPECIA; DERMATITIS; EXPOSURE AB Break-Free CLP(R) is a commercial cleaning, lubricating and preserving compound used in both the military and civilian sectors for maintenance of small- and large-caliber weapons. Like many commercial mixtures, there is very little information available, on the toxicity of Break-Free CLP. Studies were conducted to characterize the biological effects of single or repeat dermal application of Break-Free CLP to the clipped backs of CD-1 mice. Break-Free CLP was applied neat, 50 mu l three times of week for up to 2 weeks. Foci of epithelial ulceration were observed in skin sections from 22% of Break-Free CLP-treated animals in conjunction with markedly thickened epithelium suggesting that robust epithelial regeneration was occurring in these animals. Skin histopathology of Break-Free CLP-treated animals closely matched the histopathology from mice treated repeatedly with 2% croton oil in acetone (dermal irritation positive control). Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly (P < 0.05) lower for mice treated with Break-Free CLP, 2% croton oil or 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) compared with negative and vehicle control mice. Skin nitric oxide (NO) levels were not significantly elevated for mice treated with Break-Free CLP but were significantly elevated for mice treated with dermal irritation positive control compound DMBA. The cumulative skin changes in Break-Free CLP-treated animals support conducting a subchronic dermal application study. The observed decreases in serum alkaline phosphatase activity suggest that future studies should include the liver and bone as possible target organs. Additionally, dermal penetration studies could provide key health risk assessment information for characterizing the potential health risks associated with chronic dermal exposure to Break-Free CLP. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. RP Arfsten, DP (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, 2729 R St,Bldg 837,Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM darryl.arfsten@wpafb.af.mil NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 318 EP 327 DI 10.1002/jat.1069 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 947QP UT WOS:000230661500006 PM 16025432 ER PT J AU Reinhard, KJ Danielson, DR AF Reinhard, KJ Danielson, DR TI Pervasiveness of phytoliths in prehistoric southwestern diet and implications for regional and temporal trends for dental microwear SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE subsistence; pathology; ancestral pueblo; archaic; southwest; coprolite ID ENAMEL SURFACE; INFORMATION AB Our previous analysis of phytolith content of coprolites showed that calcium oxalate phytoliths from desert food plants caused dental microwear among prehistoric Texas hunter-gatherers. We demonstrated that phytoliths from desert succulents were ubiquitous and abundant in hunter-gatherer coprolites. We found that calcium oxalate phytoliths were harder than human dental enamel. We concluded that phytoliths from desert succulent plants caused dental microwear and hypothesized that such dental microwear would be common in other desert hunter-gatherer and horticultural peoples. Presented here are further analyses of phytoliths from coprolites. Two additional hunter-gatherer sites and three Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi) horticultural sites are included in this study. Calcium oxalate phytoliths are ubiquitous in coprolites from hunter-gatherer sites in the Mojave Desert and the Colorado Plateau. For the three Ancestral Pueblo sites, calcium oxalate phytoliths from desert succulents (agave family and cactus family) are the most common types of phytoliths encountered. However, silica phytoliths are also present in Ancestral Pueblo coprolites. The data demonstrate that phytoliths from non-cultivated desert plants were a source of dental microwear for the premaize Archaic hunter-gatherer bands and maize-reliant Ancestral Pueblo villages. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resource Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Care Of Holland Dr Tom, USA, Cent ID Lab, Hickam AFB, HI 96858 USA. RP Reinhard, KJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resource Sci, 309 Biochem Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM kreinhard1@unl.edu; danielsol@cilhi.army.mil NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 32 IS 7 BP 981 EP 988 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2005.01.014 PG 8 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 936UC UT WOS:000229879900002 ER PT J AU Hu, JJ Voevodin, AA Zabinski, JS AF Hu, JJ Voevodin, AA Zabinski, JS TI Application of in situ transmission electron microscopy for tribological investigations of magnetron sputter assisted pulsed laser deposition of yttria-stabilized zirconia-gold composite coatings SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WEAR; FRICTION; FILMS; LUBRICATION; CERAMICS; TEMPERATURES; TOUGHNESS; WATER; ZRO2 AB Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)-Au composite coatings have great potential as solid film lubricants for aerospace applications over a wide range of environmental conditions. They were grown on steel disks or silicon wafers by pulsed laser ablation of YSZ and simultaneous magnetron sputtering of a Au target. Such a combination of ceramics with soft metals improved the toughness of the composite coating and increased its ability to lubricate at high temperature. Information on the time-dependent response of these microstructures to changes in temperature is essential to tribological investigations of high temperature performance. In situ transmission electron microscopy was used to directly measure the dynamic change of YSZ-Au coating structure at elevated temperatures. High-resolution electron microscopy and electron diffraction showed that amorphous YSZ-5 at.% An coatings proceeded to crystallize under the irradiation of electron beams. Time varying x-ray energy dispersive spectra measured a loss of oxygen in the sample during about 10 min of irradiation with subsequent slight oxygen recovery. This behavior was related to the activation of oxygen diffusion under electron irradiation. X-ray diffraction patterns from vacuum annealed samples verified crystallization of the coatings at 500 degrees C. Real-time growth of Au nanograins in the sample was observed as the temperature was increased to 500 degrees C in a TEM specimen holder that could be heated. The grain growth process was recorded using a charge-coupled device camera installed on the transmission electron microscope. The crystallization and growth of zirconia and Au nanograins resulted in low friction during tribological tests. The nucleation of Au islands on heated ball-on-flat specimens was responsible for lowering friction. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hu, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jianjun.hu@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 20 IS 7 BP 1860 EP 1868 DI 10.1557/JMR.2005.0232 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 942QE UT WOS:000230296100026 ER PT J AU Duren, P McDougall, J Schaubroeck, L AF Duren, P McDougall, J Schaubroeck, L TI Harmonic mappings onto stars SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE harmonic mappings; dilatation AB A general version of the Rado-Kneser-Choquet theorem implies that a piecewise constant sense-preserving mapping of the unit circle onto the vertices of a convex polygon extends to a univalent harmonic mapping of the unit disk onto the polygonal domain. This paper discusses similarly generated harmonic mappings of the disk onto nonconvex polygonal regions in the shape of regular stars. Calculation of the Blaschke product dilatation allows a determination of the exact range of parameters that produce univalent mappings. © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Math, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Colorado Coll, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. RP Schaubroeck, L (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM duren@umich.edu; jmcdougall@coloradocollege.edu; beth.schaubroeck@usafa.af.mil NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-247X J9 J MATH ANAL APPL JI J. Math. Anal. Appl. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 307 IS 1 BP 312 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.jmaa.2004.10.068 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 929MG UT WOS:000229349600022 ER PT J AU Pradhan, B Sharma, AK Ray, AK AF Pradhan, B Sharma, AK Ray, AK TI Optical studies on chemical bath deposited nanocrystalline CdS thin films SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cadmium sulphide; chemical bath deposition; ellipsometry; optical bandgap ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES AB Nanocrystalline cadmium sulphide thin films were prepared by the chemical bath (CB) deposition using a mixed aqueous solution of cadmium chloride, thiourea, and ammonium chloride. The XRD patterns showed that the CdS films were of hexagonal phase with preferred (002) orientation. From ellipsometric measurements, the film thickness was found to be in order of 66 nm and the optical band gap was estimated to be 2.4 eV. C1 Univ London Queen Mary Coll, Nanotechnol Res Labs, Dept Mat, London E1 4NS, England. USAF, Space Vehicle Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pradhan, B (reprint author), Univ London Queen Mary Coll, Nanotechnol Res Labs, Dept Mat, Mile End Rd, London E1 4NS, England. RI Pradhan, Basudev/C-2319-2008 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 5 IS 7 BP 1130 EP 1134 DI 10.1166/jnn.2005.153 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 942XN UT WOS:000230316300020 PM 16108439 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, CC Driscoll, JF Carter, CD Hsu, KY AF Rasmussen, CC Driscoll, JF Carter, CD Hsu, KY TI Characteristics of cavity-stabilized flames in a supersonic flow SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Aerosp Propuls Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Rasmussen, CC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, 1320 Beal Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 1 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 21 IS 4 BP 765 EP 768 DI 10.2514/1.15095 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 945YV UT WOS:000230539800025 ER PT J AU Lane, SA Richard, RE Kennedy, SJ AF Lane, SA Richard, RE Kennedy, SJ TI Fairing noise control using tube-shaped resonators SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID HELMHOLTZ RESONATORS; CAVITY AB The potential for noise mitigation in composite Chamber Core fairings is investigated by using the walls of the fairing structure itself as acoustic resonators. This is the first documented application of long cylindrical tube-shaped resonators for fairing noise control. The theory and modeling of tube-shaped resonators for controlling fairing acoustic resonances is presented. The potential for noise mitigation in composite Chamber Core fairing using the walls of the fairing structure itself as acoustic resonators is investigated. Design criteria such as geometry, damping, spatial coupling, and robustness are considered for a variety of tube resonators. The results showed that a small number of tube resonators reduced the amplitude of low-frequency acoustic resonances by 10-12 dB in the test system and provided nearly 6 dB of reduction over the bandwidth from 0 to 400 Hz. C1 US Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Boeing SVS, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. CSA Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Lane, SA (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 42 IS 4 BP 640 EP 646 DI 10.2514/1.7816 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 954EM UT WOS:000231136900007 ER PT J AU Reed, RA Nolen, MK Zolensky, ME Bankman, I Giles, J Lang, P Mishchenko, MI Ross, MN AF Reed, RA Nolen, MK Zolensky, ME Bankman, I Giles, J Lang, P Mishchenko, MI Ross, MN TI Lidar backscatter properties of Al2O3 rocket exhaust particles SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID MOTOR EXHAUST; SCATTERING MATRIX; PLUMES; STRATOSPHERE; SIZE; LIMITATIONS; WATER; MODEL AB The lidar backscatter cross sections of aluminum-oxide rocket exhaust particles are sensitive to slight deviations from their nominal spherical shape. We have therefore determined the distribution of particle shapes using automated image analysis of scanning electron microscope particle photographs. These shape statistics were used in conjunction with T-matrix calculations for nonspherical particles to estimate the backscatter properties of representative rocket exhaust particles. For the range of particle sizes and nonsphericities epsilon relevant to exhaust plumes, both the backscatter intensity and depolarization scale approximately with the product of nonsphericity epsilon times the particle radius (Er). This correlation allows us to formulate a simple model for both the backscatter intensity and the depolarization of typical Al2O3 rocket exhaust particles. This model is applied to a recent particle collection from the exhaust plume of a Titan-IVA rocket obtained from the NASA WB-57F high-altitude research aircraft at an altitude of 19 km. C1 Jacobs Sverdrup Corp, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90009 USA. RP Reed, RA (reprint author), Jacobs Sverdrup Corp, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RI Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 42 IS 4 BP 711 EP 715 DI 10.2514/1.7551 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 954EM UT WOS:000231136900016 ER PT J AU Corporan, E Reich, R Monroig, O DeWitt, MJ Larson, V Aulich, T Mann, M Seames, W AF Corporan, E Reich, R Monroig, O DeWitt, MJ Larson, V Aulich, T Mann, M Seames, W TI Impacts of biodiesel on pollutant emissions of a JP-8-fueled turbine engine SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The impacts of biodiesel on gaseous and particulate matter (PM) emissions of a JP-8-fueled T63 engine were investigated. Jet fuel was blended with the soybean oil-derived methyl ester biofuel at various concentrations and combusted in the turbine engine. The engine was operated at three power settings, namely ground idle, cruise, and takeoff power, to study the impact of the biodiesel at significantly different pressure and temperature conditions. Particulate emissions were characterized by measuring the particle number density (PND; particulate concentration), the particle size distribution, and the total particulate mass. PM samples were collected for offline analysis to obtain information about the effect of the biodiesel on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content. In addition, temperature-programmed oxidation was performed on the collected soot samples to obtain information about the carbonaceous content (elemental or organic). Major and minor gaseous emissions were quantified using a total hydrocarbon analyzer, an oxygen analyzer, and a Fourier Transform IR analyzer. Test results showed the potential of biodiesel to reduce soot emissions in the jet-fueled turbine engine without negatively impacting the engine performance. These reductions, however, were observed only at the higher power settings with relatively high concentrations of biodiesel. Specifically, reductions of similar to 15% in the PND were observed at cruise and takeoff conditions with 20% biodiesel in the jet fuel. At the idle condition, slight increases in PND were observed; however, evidence shows this increase to be the result of condensed uncombusted biodiesel. Most of the gaseous emissions were unaffected under all of the conditions. The biodiesel was observed to have minimal effect on the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during this study. In addition to the combustion results, discussion of the physical and chemical characteristics of the blended fuels obtained using standard American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) fuel specifications methods are presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Fuels Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Chem Engn, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. RP Corporan, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Fuels Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM edwin.corporan@wpafb.af.mil NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 10 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 55 IS 7 BP 940 EP 949 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 944NI UT WOS:000230435300009 PM 16111133 ER PT J AU Crawford, PF AF Crawford, PF TI Use of external abdominal ice to complete external cephalic version in term breech pregnancy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED MULTICENTER TRIAL; EPIDURAL-ANESTHESIA; SUCCESS AB A 36- year- old multiparous woman with fetus in the breech position applied ice to the fundus of the uterus and achieved successful cephalic version. No other reports of using ice to induce cephalic version are found with MEDLINE search; however, it has been used as a folk remedy. Further research to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ice is needed to determine whether it increases cephalic vaginal birth. C1 Eglin AFB Family Practice Residency Program, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Crawford, PF (reprint author), USAF, MC, 307 Boatner Rd,Ste 114, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM paul.crawford2@eglin.af.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER BOARD FAMILY PRACTICE PI LEXINGTON PA 2228 YOUNG DR, LEXINGTON, KY 40505 USA SN 0893-8652 J9 J AM BOARD FAM PRACT JI J. Am. Board Fam. Pract. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 18 IS 4 BP 312 EP 313 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 941EC UT WOS:000230196600010 ER PT J AU Harte, JA Charlton, DG AF Harte, JA Charlton, DG TI Characteristics of infection control programs in US Air Force dental clinics - A survey SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE dental infection control practices; compliance; prevention ID NATIONAL-SURVEY; ATTITUDES; DENTISTRY; OFFICE; PRACTITIONERS; STERILIZATION; INSTRUMENT; BEHAVIOR; DISEASES AB Background. National organizations and regulatory agencies have issued a number of guidelines on proper infection control procedures in dentistry. The objective of the authors' research was to gather information about current infection control practices in U.S. Air Force (USAF) Dental 1 Corps clinics, for the purpose of updating previously issued guidelines and developing infection control training programs. Methods. The authors mailed a 60-item self-administered survey to the commanders of all USAF dental clinics located in the United States and overseas (n = 82), The survey used primarily fixed-response questions to gather information about aspects of the clinics' infection control programs. The authors obtained descriptive statistics of the returned data by means of a' statistical software package. Results.. The results indicated a high degree of compliance with existing USAF dental infection control guidelines. All clinics had personnel assigned to manage their programs, had a written exposure control plan and took measures to improve dental unit water quality. Facilities used a number,of approaches to achieve and monitor compliance and exhibited a considerable amount of variation in infection control procedures when specific guidelines did not exist. Conclusions. In general, USAF dental clinics reported high levels of compliance with current infection control policies and procedures. Recurrent training, continual oversight, a highly motivated staff and teamwork are essential for reaching and maintaining these levels. Clinical Implications. Although compliance with recommended infection control. guidelines is challenging, the results of this survey indicate that compliance is achievable, even in large group practices. Key Words. Dental infection control practices; compliance; prevention. C1 USAF, Dent Corps, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. USAF, Profess Serv, Dental Invest Serv, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. USN, Appl Clin Sci Dept, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Harte, JA (reprint author), USAF, Dent Corps, Det USAFSAM,310C B St,Bldg 1H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM jaharte@nidbr.med.navy.mil NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 136 IS 7 BP 885 EP 892 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 945UX UT WOS:000230528800016 PM 16060469 ER PT J AU Roberts, HW Marek, M Kuehne, JC Ragain, JC AF Roberts, HW Marek, M Kuehne, JC Ragain, JC TI Disinfectants' effect on mercury release from amalgam SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE amalgam; mercury; disinifectants; amalgam disposal; amalgam disinfection ID DENTAL AMALGAM; VAPOR AB Background. Mercury environmental discharge is under increased scrutiny by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Dental amalgam should be processed properly to prevent an additional enviromirental burden. Some processing agencies require that submitted amalgam be noninfectious. Investigations have demonstrated that oxidizing disinfectants mobilize mercury from amalgam into solution and add mercury to the environmental burden if it is disposed of improperly. The authors conducted a study to evaluate the effect of representative disinfectants on amalgam mercury release. Methods. The authors sized a high-copper spherical amalgam alloy to match that typically found in dental unit suction traps. They exposed 20 grams of the alloy to several disinfectant solutions and evaluated the filtered supernatant solution for mercury content. Results. Chlorine disinfectant materials I discharged the most mercury ions, followed by bromide, iodophor, peroxide/peracetic acid and phenolic disinfectants. The quaternary ammonium compound did not discharge mercury ions above the detection limit (0.2 parts per billion) into solution. Conclusions. A quaternary ammonium compound did not mobilize mercury ions into solution when used as a disinfectant agent for amalgam. Chlorine disinfectants I mobilized mercury ions the most, followed by bromide, iodophor, peroxide/peracetic acid and phenolic disinfectants. Clinical implications. Dentists are. obligated to be good environmental stewards and should follow practices that reduce environmental mercury release. Dental personnel should be aware that oxidizing disinfectants mobilize mercury ions into solution, which will be added to the environment if they are processed improperly. If required by processing, dental personnel should consider the different oxidizing effects of commonly used disinfectants. C1 USAF, Dent Invest Serv, Great Lakes, IL USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Roberts, HW (reprint author), 310C B St,Bldg 1H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM hwroberts@nidbr.med.navy.mil NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 136 IS 7 BP 915 EP 919 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 945UX UT WOS:000230528800019 PM 16060472 ER PT J AU Kinney, GW Hill, RR Moore, JT AF Kinney, GW Hill, RR Moore, JT TI Devising a quick-running heuristic for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) routing system SO JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE heuristics; statistics; computational analysis; travelling salesman ID TIME WINDOWS; OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM AB UAVs provide reconnaissance support for the US military and often need operational routes immediately; current practice involves manual route calculation that can involve hundreds of targets and a complex set of operational restrictions. Our research focused on providing an operational UAV routing system. This system required development of a reasonably effective, quick running routing heuristic. We present the statistical methodology used to devise a quick-running routing heuristic that provides reasonable solutions. We consider three candidate local search heuristic approaches, conduct an empirical analysis to parameterize each heuristic, competitively test each candidate heuristic, and provide statistical analysis on the performance of each candidate heuristic to include comparison of the results of the best candidate heuristic against a compilation of the best-known solutions for standard test problems. Our heuristic is a component of the final UAV routing system and provides the UAV operators a tool to perform their route development tasks quickly and efficiently. C1 Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hill, RR (reprint author), 207 Russ Engn Ctr,3640 Col Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH USA. EM ray.hill@wright.edu NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU PALGRAVE PUBLISHERS LTD PI BASINGSTOKE PA BRUNEL RD BLDG, HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0160-5682 J9 J OPER RES SOC JI J. Oper. Res. Soc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 56 IS 7 BP 776 EP 786 DI 10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601867 PG 11 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 932MZ UT WOS:000229559100003 ER PT J AU Crittenden, PE Cole, KD AF Crittenden, PE Cole, KD TI Design of experiments for thermal characterization of metallic foam SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 37th Thermophysics Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2004 CL Portland, OR SP AIAA ID INSULATION AB Metallic foams are being investigated for possible use in the thermal protection systems of reusable launch vehicles. As a result, the performance of these materials needs to be characterized over a wide range of temperatures and pressures. A radiation/conduction model is used to study beat transfer in metallic foams for the purpose of designing experiments to measure thermal properties. Candidates for the optimal transient experiment to determine the intrinsic thermal properties of the model are found by two methods. First, an optimality criterion is used-in an experiment to find all of the parameters using one heating event. Second, a pair of heating events is used to determine the parameters in which one heating event is optimal for finding the parameters related to conduction, whereas the other heating event is optimal for finding the parameters associated with radiation. Simulated data containing random noise were analyzed to determine the parameters using both methods. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Mech Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Crittenden, PE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 367 EP 374 DI 10.2514/1.6725 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 951SG UT WOS:000230950500012 ER PT J AU Hamed, AA Tabakoff, W Rivir, RB Das, K Arora, P AF Hamed, AA Tabakoff, W Rivir, RB Das, K Arora, P TI Turbine blade surface deterioration by erosion SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA ID ROUGHNESS AB This paper presents the results of a combined experimental and computational research program to investigate turbine vane and blade material surface deterioration caused by solid particle impacts. Tests are conducted in the erosion wind tunnel for coated and uncoated blade materials at various impact conditions. Surface roughness measurements obtained prior and subsequent to the erosion tests are used to characterize the change in roughness caused by erosion. Numerical simulations for the three-dimensional flow field and particle trajectories through a low-pressure gas turbine are employed to determine the particle impact conditions with stator vanes and rotor blades using experimentally based particle restitution models. Experimental results art presented for the measured blade material/coating erosion and surface roughness. The measurements indicate that both erosion and surface roughness increase with impact angle and particle size. Computational results are presented for the particle trajectories through the first stage of a low-pressure turbine of a high bypass turbofan engine. The trajectories indicate that the particles impact the vane pressure surface and the aft part of the suction surface. The impacts reduce the particle momentum through the stator but increase it through the rotor. Vane and blade surface erosion patterns or(,, predicted based on the computed trajectories and the experimentally measured blade coating erosion characteristics. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Aeropropuls & Power Directorate, Wright Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hamed, AA (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. NR 24 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 13 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2005 VL 127 IS 3 BP 445 EP 452 DI 10.1115/1.1860376 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 953KC UT WOS:000231074100003 ER PT J AU Crossley, BL Drehman, AJ Reid, JR Derov, JS Corrales, AA Crisman, EE AF Crossley, BL Drehman, AJ Reid, JR Derov, JS Corrales, AA Crisman, EE TI Surface etching of YBCO films by xenon difluoride SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article AB We have demonstrated that xenon difluoride (XeF2) etches thin films of YBa2Cu3O7-x, the superconducting form of yttrium-barium-copper-oxide (YBCO), during dry etch processing. Both c-axis and mixed a/c-axis YBCO films show evidence of such etching with a axis being more reactive. Profiles of YBCO films examined by ESCA show that the surfaces of both etched and unetched films are barium rich at the expense of yttrium. After XeF2 etching, fluorine was found to be present to a depth of at least 40 mn. Despite the etching and the presence of fluorine in the YBCO films, the superconducting transition temperature, T-c, was unaffected by the XeF2 treatment. (c) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SNHA, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Miami, FL 33174 USA. RP Crisman, EE (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM everett.crisman@hanscom.af.mil NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 23 IS 4 BP 1607 EP 1610 DI 10.1116/1.1978894 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 955FS UT WOS:000231211500045 ER PT J AU Kumru, SS Cain, CP Noojin, GD Cooper, MF Imholte, ML Stolarski, DJ Cox, DD Crane, CC Rockwell, BA AF Kumru, SS Cain, CP Noojin, GD Cooper, MF Imholte, ML Stolarski, DJ Cox, DD Crane, CC Rockwell, BA TI ED50 study of femtosecond terawatt laser pulses on porcine skin SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE infrared; mini-pig; MVL; ablation; dermatology; laser induced breakdown AB Background and Objectives: Terawatt (TW) lasers have become commonplace since the development of the chirped-pulse amplification method using Ti:sapphire and Nd:glass laser rods. We have measured the minimum visible lesion (MVL) thresholds for porcine(1) (Yucatan minipig) skin using TW laser pulses. Study Design/Materials and Methods: Our system produced laser pulses at 810 nm and sub-50 femtoseconds. These 1-2 TW laser pulses created multiple self-focusing (SF) filaments during propagation and were directed on the flanks of mini-pigs under anesthesia. We measured the pulse energies necessary to determine the ED50 skin damage thresholds. Results: The MVL ED50 threshold at 1 hour was 8 mJ and increased to 21 mJ after 24 hours. Histological sections were obtained after 1-hour and 24-hour readings. Conclusions: The damage patterns on the skin indicated the number of filaments in the laser pulse. Many of the pulses produced only superficial damage that disappeared in 24 hours and that nearly three times the pulse energy was required to cause subdural or cellular damage. With further research, non-thermal tissue ablation using TW laser pulses could provide a viable alternative to current techniques of laser use in dermatology. C1 USAF, HEDO, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Northrop Grumman, San Antonio, TX USA. USA, Brooks City Base, TX USA. Naval Res Ctr Detachment, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Kumru, SS (reprint author), USAF, HEDO, Res Lab, 2624 Louis Bauer Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM semih.kumru@brooks.af.mil NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 37 IS 1 BP 59 EP 63 DI 10.1002/lsm.20195 PG 5 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 952MO UT WOS:000231007900010 PM 15954120 ER PT J AU Roberts, HW Vandewalle, KS Charlton, DG Leonard, DL AF Roberts, HW Vandewalle, KS Charlton, DG Leonard, DL TI Effect of handpiece maintenance method on bond strength SO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID SALIVA CONTAMINATION; DENTIN; ENAMEL; ADHESIVES; AGENTS AB This study evaluated the effect of dental handpiece lubricant on the shear bond strength of three bonding agents to dentin. A lubrication-free handpiece (one that does not require the user to lubricate it) and a handpiece requiring routine lubrication were used in the study. In addition, two different handpiece lubrication methods (automated versus manual application) were also investigated. One hundred and eighty extracted human teeth were ground to expose flat dentin surfaces that were then finished with wet silicon carbide paper. The teeth were randomly divided into 18 groups (n=10). The dentin surface of each specimen was exposed for 30 seconds to water spray from either a lubrication-free handpiece or a lubricated handpiece. Prior to exposure, various lubrication regimens were used on the handpieces that required lubrication. The dentin surfaces were then treated with total-etch, two-step; a self-etch, two-step or a self-etch, one-step bonding agent. Resin composite cylinders were bonded to dentin, the specimens were then thermocycled and tested to failure in shear at seven days. Mean bond strength data were analyzed using Dunnett's multiple comparison test at an 0.05 level of significance. Results indicated that within each of the bonding agents, there were no significant differences in bond strength between the control group and the treatment groups regardless of the type of handpiece or use of routine lubrication. C1 USAF, Dent Invest Serv, Great Lakes, IL USA. Naval Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Det USAFSAM 1, Great Lakes, IL USA. Mission St Josephs Hosp, Childrens Dent Hlth Program, Asheville, NC USA. RP Roberts, HW (reprint author), 310C B St,Bldg 1H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM hwroberts@nidbr.med.navy.mil NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPERATIVE DENTISTRY INC PI INDIANAPOLIS PA INDIANA UNIV SCHOOL DENTISTRY, ROOM S411, 1121 WEST MICHIGAN ST, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202-5186 USA SN 0361-7734 J9 OPER DENT JI Oper. Dent. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 30 IS 4 BP 528 EP 532 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 946JP UT WOS:000230568600017 PM 16130875 ER PT J AU Hospodar, SJ Tokish, JM AF Hospodar, SJ Tokish, JM TI Management of articular cartilage injuries in the knee SO OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES IN SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE chondral defect; microfracture; osteoarticular autograft and allograft transplantation; autologous chondocyte transplantation; malalignment ID AUTOLOGOUS CHONDROCYTE TRANSPLANTATION; DEFECTS; HORSES AB Chondral injuries of the knee are a common source of disability in a military population. These lesions may limit activities of daily living and military duty requirements and may compromise the readiness of the individual and the unit. The ability to avoid or modify activities is often not an option in this population. At the US Air Force Academy, we treat active duty and retired patients, as well as their dependents. In addition, we care for over 4,400 cadets including athletes from 27 intercollegiate sports. This patient population presents a considerable experience with these injuries. Treatment of knee chondral lesions in our population begins with a thorough history and physical examination. Radiographic studies including x-rays, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography scans, and alignment films are often used in the preoperative plan. Lesions are characterized according to their size and surrounding environment, including quality of surrounding cartilage and mechanical alignment. Based on the preoperative evaluation, we use a variety of surgical techniques including microfracture, osteoarticular autograft and allograft transplantion, and autologous chondrocyte transplantation. Osteotomies are also used to correct malaligment when necessary. The postoperative regimen is specific and critical to the success of the procedure. With careful attention to preoperative workup, meticulous surgical technique, and compliance with a specific postoperative regimen, cadets and active duty members can recover from these injuries and return to activities including intercollegiate athletics, military readiness, and overseas deployment duties. C1 USAF, Acad Hosp, USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Tokish, JM (reprint author), USAF, Acad Hosp, USAF Acad, 4102 Pinon Dr,Suite 100, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM john.tokish@usafa.af.mil NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1060-1872 J9 OPER TECHN SPORT MED JI Oper. Tech. Sports Med. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 13 IS 3 BP 150 EP 156 DI 10.1053/j.otsm.2005.10.005 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 002BN UT WOS:000234586500006 ER PT J AU Holtgrave, JC Wolf, PJ AF Holtgrave, JC Wolf, PJ TI Pressure broadening and line shifting of atomic strontium 5s(2) S-1(0)-> 5s5p P-3(1) and 5s5p P-3(0,1,2)-> 5s6s S-3(1) absorption transitions induced by noble-gas collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE LINE; FREQUENCY STANDARDS; HYDROGEN; CALCIUM; HE; XE; SR AB The broadening and shifting of spectral lines induced by collisions with the five noble gases in both the intercombination 5s(2) S-1(0)-> 5s5p P-3(1) system and the triplet 5s5p P-3(0,1,2)-> 5s6s S-3(1) manifold of Sr are studied using tunable dye laser absorption spectroscopy. Cross sections for impact broadening and line shifting are determined from an examination of the spectral line profiles. These results are utilized in an analysis to compute difference potentials modeled by the Lennard-Jones (6-12) potential and the coefficients C-6 and C-12 derived from this analysis are reported. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Holtgrave, JC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1 AR 012711 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.72.012711 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 950VU UT WOS:000230887300091 ER PT J AU Di Gennaro, E Parimi, PV Lu, WT Sridhar, S Derov, JS Turchinetz, B AF Di Gennaro, E Parimi, PV Lu, WT Sridhar, S Derov, JS Turchinetz, B TI Slow microwaves in left-handed materials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; NEGATIVE REFRACTION; INDEX AB Remarkably slow propagation of microwaves in two different classes of left-handed materials (LHM's) is reported from microwave-pulse and continuous-wave transmission measurements. Microwave dispersion in a composite LHM made of split-ring resonators and wire strips reveals group velocity v(g)similar to c/50, where c is the free-space light velocity. Photonic crystals (PhC's) made of dielectric Al2O3 rods reveal v(g)similar to c/10. Group delay dispersion of both the composite LHM and PhC's determined from the experiment is in complete agreement with that obtained from theory. The slow group velocities are quantitatively described by the strong dispersion observed in these materials. C1 Northeastern Univ, Elect Mat Res Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Di Gennaro, E (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Elect Mat Res Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM pa.parimi@neu.edu RI Sridhar, Srinivas/A-3688-2012; Di Gennaro, Emiliano/G-6311-2010 OI Di Gennaro, Emiliano/0000-0003-4231-9776 NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2005 VL 72 IS 3 AR 033110 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.033110 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 950WU UT WOS:000230890200010 ER PT J AU Trinkle, DR Hatch, DM Stokes, HT Hennig, RG Albers, RC AF Trinkle, DR Hatch, DM Stokes, HT Hennig, RG Albers, RC TI Systematic pathway generation and sorting in martensitic transformations: Titanium alpha to omega SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TIGHT-BINDING; HIGH-PRESSURE; PHASE; TRANSITION; ZIRCONIUM; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; MECHANISM; METALS AB Martensitic phase transitions appear in a diverse range of natural and engineering material systems. Examination of the energetics and kinetics of the transformation requires an understanding of the atomic mechanism for the transformation. A systematic pathway generation and sorting algorithm is presented and applied to the problem of the titanium alpha to omega transformation under pressure. The transformation pathways are separated into strain and shuffle components. All pathways are constructed within energetically motivated strain and shuffle constraints, and efficiently sorted by their energy barriers. The geometry and symmetry details of the seven lowest energy barrier pathways are given. The lack of a single simple geometric criterion for determining the lowest energy pathway shows the necessity of atomistic studies for pathway determination. The general algorithm can determine the pathway for any martensitic transformation. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RI Hennig, Richard/A-2978-2008; Trinkle, Dallas/E-6609-2010 OI Hennig, Richard/0000-0003-4933-7686; NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1 AR 014105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.014105 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 950WQ UT WOS:000230889800049 ER PT J AU Niday, TA Wright, EM Kolesik, M Moloney, JV AF Niday, TA Wright, EM Kolesik, M Moloney, JV TI Stability and transient effects in nanosecond ultraviolet light filaments in air SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ULTRASHORT LASER-PULSES; DISPERSIVE NONLINEAR MEDIA; FEMTOSECOND-TERAWATT LASER; SELF-FOCUSING MEDIUM; SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; VARIATIONAL APPROACH; CONICAL EMISSION; RING FORMATION; OPTICAL BEAMS; PROPAGATION AB We investigate the transient behavior and stability of nanosecond duration ultraviolet pulses propagating in air. Both the transient behavior arising from the finite pulse duration and the modulational instability, are found to cause pulses to fragment over lengths on the scale of meters. We discuss the theoretical and experimental implications of the instability and transient effects for long duration pulse propagating in air and generating filaments. In particular, our results imply that continuous-wave models are very limited when used to predict dynamical properties of pulse propagation. C1 Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Arizona Ctr Math Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Niday, TA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM thomas.niday@afit.edu; ewan.wright@optics.arizona.edu; kolesik@acms.arizona.edu; jml@acms.arizona.edu RI Wright, Ewan/A-2358-2009 NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 EI 1550-2376 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1 AR 016618 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.016618 PN 2 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 950VS UT WOS:000230887100096 PM 16090118 ER PT J AU Tolle, TB AF Tolle, TB TI President's message SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tolle, TB (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bensontolle@earthlink.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 41 IS 4 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 943UM UT WOS:000230380100001 ER PT J AU Tamirisakandala, S Bhat, RB Miracle, DB Boddapati, S Bordia, R Vanover, R Vasudevan, VK AF Tamirisakandala, S Bhat, RB Miracle, DB Boddapati, S Bordia, R Vanover, R Vasudevan, VK TI Effect of boron on the beta transus of Ti-6Al-4V alloy SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE titanium alloys; phase transformation; microstructure; electrical resistivity ID TITANIUM MATRIX COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MICROSTRUCTURE AB The influence of boron on the beta transus of Ti-6Al-4V is established in a powder metallurgy Ti-W-4V-1.7B alloy using microstructural analysis, electrical resistivity, and dilatometry. An increase in the beta transus by similar to 60 degrees C was observed, which is attributed to the equilibrium as well as to supersaturated B in the solid solution. (c) 2005 Acta Materialia, Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Athens, OH 45701 USA. UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Ohio Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM sesh.tamirisa@fnnet.wpafbml.org NR 21 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 53 IS 2 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.03.038 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 934EH UT WOS:000229689200014 ER PT J AU Grayson, DE AF Grayson, DE TI The elbow: Radiographic imaging pearls and pitfalls SO SEMINARS IN ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OSTEOCHONDRITIS-DISSECANS; RHEUMATOID ELBOW; HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION; HUMERAL CAPITELLUM; FOLLOW-UP; FRACTURES; INJURIES; CHILDREN; JOINTS; DISLOCATIONS C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Musculoskeletal Sect, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Herbert Sch Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Grayson, DE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Musculoskeletal Sect, 759 MDTS,MTRD,2200 Berguist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM David.grayson@lackland.af.mil NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0037-198X J9 SEMIN ROENTGENOL JI Semin. Roentgenology PD JUL PY 2005 VL 40 IS 3 BP 223 EP 247 DI 10.1053/j.ro.2005.01.013 PG 25 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 943UG UT WOS:000230379500005 PM 16060115 ER PT J AU Loredo, RA Sorge, DG Garcia, G AF Loredo, RA Sorge, DG Garcia, G TI Radiographic evaluation of the wrist: A vanishing art SO SEMINARS IN ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISTAL RADIOULNAR JOINT; CARPAL-TUNNEL; FRACTURES; LUNATE; HAND; DISLOCATION; INSTABILITIES; OSTEOMYELITIS; INFECTIONS; DIAGNOSIS C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Loredo, RA (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. EM loredo@uthscsa.edu NR 75 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0037-198X J9 SEMIN ROENTGENOL JI Semin. Roentgenology PD JUL PY 2005 VL 40 IS 3 BP 248 EP 289 DI 10.1053/j.ro.2005.01.014 PG 42 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 943UG UT WOS:000230379500006 PM 16060116 ER PT J AU Voevodin, AA Jones, JG Back, TC Zabinski, JS Strel'nitzki, VE Aksenov, II AF Voevodin, AA Jones, JG Back, TC Zabinski, JS Strel'nitzki, VE Aksenov, II TI Comparative study of wear-resistant DLC and fullerene-like CNx coatings produced by pulsed laser and filtered cathodic arc depositions SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diamond-like carbon; carbon nitride; pulsed laser deposition; filtered cathodic arc deposition; tribology ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; CHAMELEON SURFACE ADAPTATION; NITRIDE THIN-FILMS; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; VACUUM-ARC; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; RAMAN-SPECTRA; GRAPHITE; NITROGEN; GROWTH AB Unhydrogenated amorphous diamond-like carbon (DLC) and fullerene-like carbon nitride (CNx, N/C ratio similar to 0.2) are rival surface protection coatings with exceptional mechanical and tribological properties. A comparative study was made on their performance under sliding wear. Identical surface preparation procedures, coating architectures, thickness, and substrates were used to facilitate the comparison. Coatings were produced using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and filtered cathodic arc deposition (FCAD). Samples of laser-DLC, laser-CNx, arc-DLC, and arc-CNx coatings were prepared and an extensive comparison of properties was completed: composition, structure, hardness, elastic modulus, stress, friction, and wear. The tribological properties were determined using steel and SiC balls in humid and dry environments. The comparison indicated that PLD and FCAD produce coatings with very similar compositions, structures, and properties. Independent of the growth technique, DLC coatings had hardnesses of 52-57 GPa and elastic moduli in the range of 490-560 GPa. The CNx coatings offered a reasonably high hardness of 28-30 GPa, while their elastic modulus was as low as 160 GPa. There was a clear difference in the tribological behavior of DLC and CNx, which depends on humidity. In humid air, DLC coatings had a coefficient of friction (c.o.f.) of 0.1, a very low wear rate, and formed a graphitic transfer film in friction contact. In the same tests, CNx coatings had a c.o.f. of 0.3-0.4, a higher wear rate, and did not form a transfer film. In this environment, the wear tracks on CNx coatings were polished by abrasive wear. In dry nitrogen, DLC coatings had a c.o.f. of approximately 0.15 and a higher wear rate, while CNx coatings had a c.o.f. of 0.03-0.04 and a lower wear rate with formation of a graphitic-like transfer film. The observed difference in mechanical response and tribological performance can be used to optimize the selection between DLC and CNx coatings, depending on application requirements. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLBT, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Kharkov Phys Tech Inst, Kharkov, Ukraine. RP USAF, Res Lab, MLBT, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 291 Hobson Way,Rm 136,Bldg 654, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM andrey.voevodin@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 55 TC 30 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 197 IS 1 BP 116 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.06.021 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 931VN UT WOS:000229513700016 ER PT J AU Khramov, A Voevodin, NN Balbyshev, VN Mantz, RA AF Khramov, A Voevodin, NN Balbyshev, VN Mantz, RA TI Sol-gel-derived corrosion-protective coatings with controllable release of incorporated organic corrosion inhibitors SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE coatings; corrosion; organic inhibitor; cyclodextrin AB Sol-gel derived organo-silicate hybrid coatings preloaded with organic corrosion inhibitors have been developed in order to provide active corrosion protection when integrity of the coating is compromised. The incorporation of organic corrosion inhibitors into hybrid coatings has been achieved as a result of physical entrapment of the inhibitor within the coating material at the stage of film formation and cross-linking. Entrapped corrosion inhibitor becomes active in corrosive electrolyte and can slowly diffuse out of the host material. To ensure continuing delivery of the inhibitor to corrosion sites and long-term corrosion protection, a sustained release of the inhibitor is achieved by a reversible chemical equilibrium of either ion-exchange of the inhibitor with the coating material or through cyclodextrin-assisted molecular encapsulation. Several organic compounds, such as mercaptobenzothiazole, mercaptobenzimidazole, mercaptobenzimidazolesulfonate, and thiosalicylic acid, have been selected to evaluate the effectiveness of these two approaches. Corrosion protection performance of the coatings on aluminum alloy 2024-T3 has been examined using electrochemical methods including scanning vibrating electrode technique, potentiodynamic scan, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Khramov, A (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, 1270 N Fairfield Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM alex.khramov@fnnet.wpafbml.org NR 9 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 483 IS 1-2 BP 191 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2004.12.021 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 934BK UT WOS:000229681700032 ER PT J AU Lee, H Mall, S Sanders, JH Sharma, SK AF Lee, H Mall, S Sanders, JH Sharma, SK TI Wear analysis of Cu-Al coating on Ti-6Al-4V substrate under fretting condition SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE wear; fretting; dissipated energy; relative displacement ID INDEPENDENT PAD DISPLACEMENT; ENERGY DESCRIPTION; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; OXIDE PARTICLES; MECHANISMS; ROUGHNESS; SURFACES; DAMAGE AB Fretting behavior of Cu-Al coating on Ti-6Al-4V substrate was investigated with and without fatigue load. Soft and rough Cu-Al coating resulted in abrasive wear and a large amount of debris remained at the contact surface, which caused an increase in tangential force during the fretting test under gross slip condition. Fretting in the partial slip condition also showed the wear of coating. To characterize wear, dissipated energies during fretting were calculated from fretting loops and wear volumes were obtained from worn surface profiles. Energy approach of wear analysis showed a linear relationship between wear volume and accumulated dissipated energy. This relationship was independent of fatigue loading condition and extended from partial slip to gross slip regimes. As an alternate but simple approach for wear analysis, accumulated relative displacement range was correlated with the wear volume. This also resulted in a linear relationship as in the case of accumulated dissipated energy suggesting that the accumulated relative displacement range can be used as an alternative parameter for dissipated energy to characterize the wear. When the maximum wear depth was equal to the thickness of Cu-Al coating, harder Ti-6Al-4V substrate inhibited further increase in wear depth. Only when a considerable energy was supplied through a large value of the applied displacement, wear in the substrate material could occur beyond the thickness of coating. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 9 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 239 EP 248 DI 10.1007/s11249-005-6151-7 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 948LM UT WOS:000230717300010 ER PT J AU Sandhu, SS Crowther, RO Fellner, JP AF Sandhu, SS Crowther, RO Fellner, JP TI Prediction of methanol and water fluxes through a direct methanol fuel cell polymer electrolyte membrane SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Polymer Electrolytes (ISPE-9) CY AUG 22-27, 2004 CL Mragowo, POLAND DE direct methanol fuel cell; nation; proton exchange membrane; methanol crossover; mathematical model; fuel cell ID CROSSOVER; PERFORMANCE; TRANSPORT; SIMULATION; OPTIMIZATION; DESIGN; SYSTEM; NAFION; MODEL AB Development of a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) mass flux model, using conventional transport theory, is presented and used to predict the fluid phase superficial velocity, methanol and water molar fluxes, and the chemical species (methanol and water) dimensionless concentration profiles in the polymer electrolyte membrane, Nafion (R) 117, of a DMFC. Implementation of these equations is illustrated to generate the numerical data as functions of the variables such as the pressure difference across the membrane, methanol concentration at the cell anode, temperature, and position in the membrane. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sandhu, SS (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Sarwan.Sandhu@notes.udayton.edu; Joseph.Fellner@wpafb.af.mil NR 49 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 EI 1873-3859 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD JUN 30 PY 2005 VL 50 IS 19 BP 3985 EP 3991 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2005.02.048 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 940ZJ UT WOS:000230184100030 ER PT J AU Hogsed, MR Yeo, YK Ahoujja, M Ryu, MY Petrosky, JC Hengehold, RL AF Hogsed, MR Yeo, YK Ahoujja, M Ryu, MY Petrosky, JC Hengehold, RL TI Radiation-induced electron traps in Al0.14Ga0.86N by 1 MeV electron radiation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID N-GAN; DEFECT AB Electrical properties of defects induced in n-type molecular-beam-epitaxial-grown Al0.14Ga0.86N are studied using deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) to explore the radiation tolerance of AlGaN-based electronic and optoelectronic devices. It has been found that four electron traps labeled R1 (0.15 +/- 0.02 eV), R2 (0.21 +/- 0.02 eV), R3 (0.26 +/- 0.02 eV), and R4 (0.33 +/- 0.03 eV) are created in the electron irradiated Al0.14Ga0.86N. The electron trap R4 is the most prominent radiation-induced defect in the DLTS spectrum and appears to be unique to AlGaN. Although the other radiation-induced traps anneal significantly at or below 400 K, this R4 trap is thermally stable up to 450 K, and could significantly affect the performance of AlGaN-based devices. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Kangweon Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Chunchon 200710, South Korea. RP Hogsed, MR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM yung.yeo@afit.edu NR 16 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 27 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 26 AR 261906 DI 10.1063/1.1977185 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 939RL UT WOS:000230090000019 ER PT J AU Zhu, K Dogan, S Moon, YT Leach, J Yun, F Johnstone, D Morkoc, H Li, G Ganguly, B AF Zhu, K Dogan, S Moon, YT Leach, J Yun, F Johnstone, D Morkoc, H Li, G Ganguly, B TI Effect of n(+)-GaN subcontact layer on 4H-SiC high-power photoconductive switch SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEVICES; SILICON; SI AB High-power photoconductive semiconductor switching devices were fabricated on 4H-SiC. In order to prevent current crowding, reduce the contact resistance, and avoid contact degradation, a highly n-doped GaN subcontact layer was inserted between the contact metal and the high resistivity SiC bulk. This method led to a two orders of magnitude reduction in the on-state resistance and, similarly, the photocurrent efficiency was increased by two orders of magnitude with the GaN subcontact layer following the initial high current operation. Both dry etching and wet etching were used to remove the GaN subcontact layer in the channel area. Wet etching was found to be more suitable than dry etching. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Morkoc, H (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 601 W Main St, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM hmorkoc@vcu.edu RI Dogan, Seydi/F-8445-2016 NR 17 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 27 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 26 AR 261108 DI 10.1063/1.1951056 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 939RL UT WOS:000230090000008 ER PT J AU Krasuski, RA AF Krasuski, RA TI Aggressive treatment of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol - In response SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID LIPID-LOWERING THERAPY C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Krasuski, RA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUN 21 PY 2005 VL 142 IS 12 BP 1025 EP 1026 PN 1 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 937IN UT WOS:000229917900015 ER PT J AU Hollkamp, JJ Gordon, RW Spottswood, SM AF Hollkamp, JJ Gordon, RW Spottswood, SM TI Nonlinear modal models for sonic fatigue response prediction: a comparison of methods SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID AMPLITUDE FREE-VIBRATIONS; BEAMS AB Accurate prediction of sonic fatigue response is important in designing aircraft structures for long life. Early prediction methods were based on single-mode, linear models which were not accurate for complex structures or large-amplitude response levels. Direct time integration of full, nonlinear, finite element models can provide accurate results, but at a prohibitive computational expense. Recent methods reduce the finite element model to a low-order system of nonlinear modal equations. The modal equations can then be integrated in the time domain. The computational burden is greatly reduced and an accurate response prediction can be accomplished. In this paper, several methods used to construct the nonlinear modal models are compared using a clamped-clamped beam as an example problem. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VASM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hollkamp, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VASM, 2790 D St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM joseph.hollkamp@wpafb.af.mil NR 14 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD JUN 21 PY 2005 VL 284 IS 3-5 BP 1145 EP 1163 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2004.08.036 PG 19 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 930FG UT WOS:000229400600032 ER PT J AU Martinez, SA Sathish, S Blodgett, MP Mall, S Namjoshi, S AF Martinez, SA Sathish, S Blodgett, MP Mall, S Namjoshi, S TI Effects of fretting fatigue on the residual stress of shot peened Ti-6Al-4V samples SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE fretting fatigue; residual stress; shot peening; X-ray diffraction ID WEAR AB X-ray diffraction residual stress measurement has been utilized as nondestructive tool for the characterization of fretting fatigue damage in shot peened samples of Ti-6Al-4V. Prior to fretting fatigue damage, compressive residual stresses were found to be uniform over the entire face of the sample and independent of the measurement direction. After fretting fatigue. inside and in the vicinity of the fretting damage zone large relaxation of compressive residual stress was observed. An anisotropic residual stress distribution has been observed in the fretting fatigue damaged region. Residual stress measurements in interrupted fretting fatigue experiments showed that the relaxation of residual stress increases as the number of fretting fatigue cycles increase. The results are discussed in the light of their importance in establishing X-ray diffraction residual stress measurement technique as a nondestructive tool to characterize fretting fatigue damage, (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45467 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sonia.martinez@wpatb.af.mit NR 22 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 399 IS 1-2 BP 58 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.02.028 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 946QW UT WOS:000230588300007 ER PT J AU Sathish, S Moran, TJ Martin, RW Reibel, R AF Sathish, S Moran, TJ Martin, RW Reibel, R TI Residual stress measurement with focused acoustic waves and direct comparison with X-ray diffraction stress measurements SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE residual stress; acoustic waves; X-ray diffraction ID PERTURBATION-THEORY; MICROSCOPE; VELOCITY AB The technique of measuring small changes in acoustic wave velocity due to external or internal stress has been used for quantitative determination of residual stress in materials during the last decade. Application of similar methodology with focused acoustic waves leads to residual stress measurement with spatial resolution of a few millimeters to a few microns, The high spatial resolution residual stress measurement required development of new methodologies in both the design of acoustic lenses and the instrumentation for acoustic wave velocity determination. This paper presents two new methodologies developed for the measurement of residual stress with spatial resolution of a few millimeters. The design of new type of acoustic lens for achieving higher spatial resolution in residual stress measurement is introduced. Development of instrumentation for high precision local surface wave velocity measurement will be presented, Residual stresses measured around a crack tip in a sample of Ti-6Al-4V using a focused beam will be compared with X-ray diffraction measurements performed on the same region of the sample. Results of residual stress measurements along a direction perpendicular to (lie electron beam weld in a sample of Ti-6Al-4V, determined using focused acoustic waves and X-ray diffraction technique, are also presented. The spatial resolution and penetration depth of X-rays and focused acoustic beams with reference to residual stress measurements are discussed, (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Met Ceram & Nondestruct Evaluat Div, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Sathish, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Met Ceram & Nondestruct Evaluat Div, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shamachary.sathish@wpatb.af.mil NR 16 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 399 IS 1-2 BP 84 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.02.020 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 946QW UT WOS:000230588300010 ER PT J AU Campbell, TA Haugan, TJ Maartense, I Murphy, J Brunke, L Barnes, PN AF Campbell, TA Haugan, TJ Maartense, I Murphy, J Brunke, L Barnes, PN TI Flux pinning effects Of Y2O3 nanoparticulate dispersions in multilayered YBCO thin films SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE flux pinning; yttrium oxide (Y2O3); multilayers; critical current density ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; COMPOSITE MIXTURES; CURRENT-DENSITY; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; ENHANCEMENT; DEFECTS AB The flux pinning effects Of Y2O3 nanoparticulate inclusions in YBa2Cu3O7-delta (Y123 or YBCO) thin films using (Y2O3/Y123) x N multilayer structures were studied. The multilayer films were made with pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 substrates with a Y2O3 nanoparticulate 'pseudo-layer' thickness ranging from 0.2 to 1.4 nm, and YBCO layer thickness varying from 7 to 50 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images showed well-defined nanoparticle formation on film surfaces, with an approximate number density of (0.8-1.6) x 10(11) particles/cm(2) depending on Y2O3 thickness. Minor reductions in the critical temperature (T-c) were measured for each increase in Y2O3 pseudo-layer thickness. Transport critical currents (77 K, self-field) of 3-5 MA/cm(2) were consistently achieved for composite films with <= 0.6 nm Y2O3 pseudo-layer. thicknesses. Magnetic J. measurements using vibrating sample magnetometry (H <= 9 T, @70 and 77 K) showed a degradation of film properties for Y2O3 pseudo-layer thickness greater than 0.6 nm. A comparison to Y211/Y123 multilayer films showed the thinner Y2O3 pseudo-layer films exhibited similar properties. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, AFRL,PRPG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Barnes, PN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, AFRL,PRPG, 1950 5th St,Bldg 450, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM paul.barnes@wpafb.af.mil NR 19 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 423 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2004.09.018 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 935TK UT WOS:000229806100001 ER PT J AU Emelett, SJ Soref, RA AF Emelett, SJ Soref, RA TI Synthesis of dual-microring-resonator cross-connect filters SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID DESIGN AB A new type of resonant, waveguided, 2 x 2 cross-connect optical filter is proposed and synthesized using a microwave filter analog. The optical passbands of the device are determined using 2D scattering matrix theory and the desired response is generated via a synthesis for a combined singly and doubly terminated circuit. This synthesis realizes the microring coupling coefficients necessary for maximally flat infrared spectral response. Closed-form analytical solutions are presented. Devices containing two, four, and six microrings were investigated. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Emelett, SJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 14 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUN 13 PY 2005 VL 13 IS 12 BP 4439 EP 4456 DI 10.1364/OPEX.13.004439 PG 18 WC Optics SC Optics GA 935RK UT WOS:000229799200009 PM 19495359 ER PT J AU Lipscomb, JC Mattie, D Dodd, DE AF Lipscomb, JC Mattie, D Dodd, DE TI 2004 Toxicology and Risk Assessment Conferences - Introduction SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Biosci & Protect Div, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. ManTech Environm Technol Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Lipscomb, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lipscomb.john@epa.gov; david.mattie@wpafb.af.mil; darol.dodd@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD JUN 11 PY 2005 VL 68 IS 11-12 BP 833 EP 836 DI 10.1080/15287390590912144 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 946OP UT WOS:000230582100001 ER PT J AU Abdelaziez, YA Banerjee, PP Evans, DR AF Abdelaziez, YA Banerjee, PP Evans, DR TI Beam shaping by use of hybrid acousto-optics with feedback SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID IMAGE EDGE ENHANCEMENT; BRAGG-DIFFRACTION; DEVICE AB We theoretically demonstrate beam shaping through adaptive feedback in an acousto-optic device with electrical feedback by using experimentally determined parameters. Cases of positive feedback and negative feedback from undiffracted and diffracted orders are investigated. In addition, we demonstrate the dependence of the final value of the induced grating strength in the acousto-optic cell on the feedback parameters. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn & Electroopt, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Abdelaziez, YA (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM abdelaya@notes.udayton.edu NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 17 BP 3473 EP 3481 DI 10.1364/AO.44.003473 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 934PF UT WOS:000229720000013 PM 16007845 ER PT J AU Matsumoto, T Matsuura, S Murakami, H Tanaka, M Freund, M Lim, M Cohen, M Kawada, M Noda, M AF Matsumoto, T Matsuura, S Murakami, H Tanaka, M Freund, M Lim, M Cohen, M Kawada, M Noda, M TI Infrared telescope in space observations of the near-infrared extragalactic background light SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE diffuse radiation; infrared : general ID INTERPLANETARY DUST CLOUD; POWER SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; EXPERIMENT SEARCH; SKY BRIGHTNESS; SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES; TENTATIVE DETECTION; GALACTIC EMISSION; NUMBER COUNTS; DEEP FIELD; IN-SPACE AB We have searched for near-infrared extragalactic background light (EBL) in the data from the Near-Infrared Spectrometer (NIRS) on the Infrared Telescope in Space (IRTS). After subtracting the contribution of faint stars and the zodiacal component based on modeling, a significant isotropic emission is obtained in the wavelength bands from 1.4 to 4.0 mu m. The spectrum is stellar-like but shows a spectral jump from the optical EBL. The emission obtained is isotropic over the observed sky, and the in-band flux amounts to similar to 35 nW m(-2) sr(-1), which is too bright to be explained by the integrated light from faint galaxies. Analyses of COBE DIRBE data, after removal of starlight, show essentially the same result within the uncertainty in the zodiacal light model, which implies that the isotropic emission observed by IRTS NIRS is of extragalactic origin. Significant fluctuations in sky brightness were also detected that cannot be explained by fluctuations due to faint stars, zodiacal components, and normal galaxies. The excess fluctuation amounts to similar to 1/4 of the excess emission over the integrated light of galaxies and is consistent with fluctuations observed by COBE DIRBE. A two-point correlation analysis shows that IRTS NIRS data have an angular scale of fluctuations of a few degrees. The spectrum and brightness of the observed excess EBL emission could be explained by the redshifted UV radiation from the first generation of massive stars (Population III stars), which caused the reionization of the universe. Recent Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization have indicated that reionization occurred at z similar to 17 or earlier, while the spectral jump around 1 mu m in the observed excess EBL suggests that the Population III star formation terminated at z similar to 9. The observed fluctuations, however, are considerably larger than the theoretical predictions for the Population III stars. C1 Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Radio Astron Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. Nagoya Sci Museum, Naka Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4530037, Japan. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Electron Devices Branch, Sensors Directorate,AFRL SNDD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Natl Astron Observ Japan, Tokyo, Japan. RP Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. RI Matsuura, Shuji/B-5658-2016 OI Matsuura, Shuji/0000-0002-5698-9634 NR 55 TC 128 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 626 IS 1 BP 31 EP 43 DI 10.1086/429383 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 932CQ UT WOS:000229532200003 ER PT J AU Viggiano, AA Ehlerding, A Hellberg, F Thomas, RD Zhaunerchyk, V Geppert, WD Montaigne, H Larsson, M Kaminska, M Osterdahl, F AF Viggiano, AA Ehlerding, A Hellberg, F Thomas, RD Zhaunerchyk, V Geppert, WD Montaigne, H Larsson, M Kaminska, M Osterdahl, F TI Rate constants and branching ratios for the dissociative recombination of CO2+ SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID MOLECULAR-IONS; ELECTRONS; FRACTIONS C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RI Zhaunerchyk, Vitali/E-9751-2016 NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 8 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 22 AR 226101 DI 10.1063/1.1926283 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 936LW UT WOS:000229858500074 PM 15974716 ER PT J AU Nikolaev, VD Svistun, MI Zagidullin, MV Hager, GD AF Nikolaev, VD Svistun, MI Zagidullin, MV Hager, GD TI Efficient chemical oxygen-iodine laser powered by a centrifugal bubble singlet oxygen generator SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Efficient production of singlet delta oxygen in a bubble singlet oxygen generator (BSOG) under the influence of centrifugal acceleration, 136 g, has been obtained. An output power of 770 W with chemical efficiency of 25.6% has been achieved in a small-scale, supersonic chemical oxygen-iodine laser supplied by the centrifugal BSOG. The ratio of the output power to the basic hydrogen peroxide volumetric flow rate was 4.3 KJ/Iiter. Efficient chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) operation with the centrifugal BSOG demonstrates the potential for mobile COIL applications. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Samara Branch, Samara 443011, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Nikolaev, VD (reprint author), PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Samara Branch, Novosadovaya Str 221, Samara 443011, Russia. EM marsel@fian.smr.ru RI Svistun, Mikhael/N-5606-2015; Zagidullin, Marsel/M-8631-2015 NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 6 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 23 AR 231102 DI 10.1063/1.1946911 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 939QL UT WOS:000230087400002 ER PT J AU Wei, YJ Hood, A Yau, HP Gin, A Razeghi, M Tidrow, MZ Nathan, V AF Wei, YJ Hood, A Yau, HP Gin, A Razeghi, M Tidrow, MZ Nathan, V TI Uncooled operation of type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice photodiodes in the midwavelength infrared range SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; PHOTOVOLTAIC DETECTORS; MU-M AB We report high performance uncooled midwavelength infrared photodiodes based on interface-engineered InAs/GaSb superlattice. Two distinct superlattices were designed with a cutoff wavelength around 5 Am for room temperature and 77 K. The device quantum efficiency reached more than 25% with responsivity around 1 A/W. Detectivity was measured around 10(9) cm Hz(1/2)/W at room temperature and 1.5 x 10(13) cm Hz(1/2)/W at 77 K under zero bias. The devices were without antireflective coating. The device quantum efficiency stays at nearly the same level within this temperature range. Additionally, Wannier-Stark oscillations in the Zener tunneling current were observed up to room temperature. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Northwestern Univ, Ctr Quantum Devices, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Missile Def Agcy, Washington, DC 20301 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Razeghi, M (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Ctr Quantum Devices, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM razeghi@ece.northwestern.edu RI Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009; Gin, Aaron/E-3647-2010 NR 13 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 6 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 23 AR 233106 DI 10.1063/1.1947908 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 939QL UT WOS:000230087400046 ER PT J AU Lai, YC Kandangath, A Krishnamoorthy, S Gaudet, JA de Moura, APS AF Lai, YC Kandangath, A Krishnamoorthy, S Gaudet, JA de Moura, APS TI Inducing chaos by resonant perturbations: Theory and experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WEAK HARMONIC PERTURBATIONS; PHASE-LOCKED LOOP; PARAMETRIC PERTURBATIONS; CAPTURE RANGE; SUPPRESSION; DYNAMICS; MAINTENANCE; BROADEN AB We propose a scheme to induce chaos in nonlinear oscillators that either are by themselves incapable of exhibiting chaos or are far away from parameter regions of chaotic behaviors. Our idea is to make use of small, judiciously chosen perturbations in the form of weak periodic signals with time-varying frequency and phase, and to drive the system into a hierarchy of nonlinear resonant states and eventually into chaos. We demonstrate this method by using numerical examples and a laboratory experiment with a Duffing type of electronic circuit driven by a phase-locked loop. The phase-locked loop can track the instantaneous frequency and phase of the Duffing circuit and deliver resonant perturbations to generate robust chaos. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL DEHE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 19 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 3 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 21 AR 214101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.214101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 932HD UT WOS:000229543900019 PM 16090322 ER PT J AU Bellayer, S Gilman, JW Eidelman, N Bourbigot, S Flambard, X Fox, DM De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Bellayer, S Gilman, JW Eidelman, N Bourbigot, S Flambard, X Fox, DM De Long, HC Trulove, PC TI Preparation of homogeneously dispersed multiwalled carbon nanotube/polystyrene nanocomposites via melt extrusion using trialkyl imidazolium compatibilizer SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID IONIC LIQUID; NANOTUBES; COMPOSITES; SURFACTANT; FUNCTIONALIZATION; POLYSTYRENE; STRENGTH; FILMS; LOAD AB Well-dispersed multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT)/polystyrene nanocomposites have been prepared via melt extrusion, using trialkylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate-compatibilized MWNTs. Quantification of the improvements realized via transmission electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy image analysis. Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier-transform infrared and X-ray diffraction analysis show evidence for a pi-cation, nanotube-imidazolium interaction and the conversion from an interdigitated bilayer, for the imidazolium salt to an ordered lamellar structure, for the imidazolium on the surface of the MWNTs. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. ENSCL, PERF, F-59652 Villeneuve Dascq, France. Lab ENSAIT GEMTEX, F-59056 Roubaix, France. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gilman, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.gilman@nist.gov OI Bourbigot, Serge/0000-0003-1536-2015 NR 38 TC 146 Z9 151 U1 5 U2 59 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 6 BP 910 EP 916 DI 10.1002/adfm.200400441 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 934KW UT WOS:000229708700003 ER PT J AU Dudley, SC Serna, MA AF Dudley, SC Serna, MA TI Spaceship with a thruster - one body, one force SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AB A spaceship with one thruster that produces a constant magnitude force is analyzed for various initial conditions. This elementary problem, with one object acted upon by one force, challenges our physical intuition and demonstrates the benefits and limitations of dimensional analysis. The problem also can serve as an introduction to special functions, provide a mechanical model for Fresnel integrals and the associated Cornu spiral, and be used as an example in a numerical methods course. (c) 2005 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Dudley, SC (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RI Serna, Mario/M-1226-2015 OI Serna, Mario/0000-0001-9650-6732 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 BP 500 EP 506 DI 10.1119/1.1858451 PG 7 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 928XW UT WOS:000229306200002 ER PT J AU Haddock, CK Lando, HA Pyle, SA Debon, M Weg, MV Klesges, RC Peterson, AL Relyea, G AF Haddock, CK Lando, HA Pyle, SA Debon, M Weg, MV Klesges, RC Peterson, AL Relyea, G TI Prediction of adult-onset smoking initiation among US Air Force recruits using the Pierce Susceptibility Questionnaire SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; TOBACCO USE; MILITARY; ADOLESCENTS; CESSATION AB Background: At one time, it was expected that if an individual reached young adulthood without smoking, his/her risk for initiation was minimal. However, recent data suggest that smoking initiation among young adults may be increasing. One particularly vulnerable population of young adults for smoking initiation is military recruits. This study examined whether a modified version of the Pierce Susceptibility Questionnaire (PSQ) might be useful for identifying military recruits who are vulnerable for the initiation of tobacco use. Methods: Active duty recruits entering the U.S. Air Force over a I-year period (n =31,107) were assessed upon entry into basic military training (BMT), and a subsample was also assessed at 12 months following training. Results: The modified PSQ predicted initiation of cigarette use for all categories of baseline smokers (never, experimenters, former smokers, and regular users). The likelihood of initiating smoking after BMT was substantially higher among those identified as susceptible than among those identified as not susceptible. Conclusions: It is likely that the PSQ would prove to be a valuable tool in attempts to reduce tobacco use in the military. The predictive abilities of the measure could be used to target intervention and prevention efforts towards those most at risk. (c) 2005 American journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Univ Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. St Lukes Hosp, Mid Amer Heart Inst, Kansas City, MO 64111 USA. Univ Minnesota, Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Memphis, Ctr Community Hlth, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Haddock, CK (reprint author), Univ Missouri, 4825 Troost,Suite 124, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. EM haddockc@umkc.edu OI Vander Weg, Mark/0000-0003-3631-0812 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-53478] NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 28 IS 5 BP 424 EP 429 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.02.010 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 928XE UT WOS:000229304200002 PM 15894145 ER PT J AU LeBrun, CT Krause, JO AF LeBrun, CT Krause, JO TI Variations in mortise anatomy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ankle; instability; fibula; malleolar index ID ANKLE INSTABILITY; LIGAMENTS; STABILITY; HINDFOOT; INJURY; LOAD AB Background: Variations in ankle mortise anatomy may be a predisposing factor to ankle instability. Hypothesis: A posteriorly positioned fibula associated with ankle instability may not be a true pathologic entity but rather the result of measuring off an internally rotated talus. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: The authors reviewed 60 ankle computed tomography scans performed on patients from their institution for reasons unrelated to ankle instability. They also reviewed ankle computed tomography scans on 21 patients surgically treated for clinical ankle instability. The position of the fibula in relation to the talar articular surface was calculated and expressed as the axial malleolar index, as described by Scranton et al. They also calculated the intermalleolar index, a new method that references the medial malleolus, not the talus. Results: Using the method of Scranton et al, the axial malleolar index in the control and instability patients was similar to values previously described, and there was a significant difference between control and instability patients (P <.01). However, using the intermalleolar index method referencing the medial malleolus, there was not a significant difference between control and instability patients (P =.43). Conclusion: The new method of referencing the medial malleolus assesses fibular position independent of talar rotation. The data, when referencing the medial malleolus, do not show significant variation in fibular position in patients with and without ankle instability. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP LeBrun, CT (reprint author), 11378 Woodridge Forest, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM ctlebrun@hotmail.com NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 6 BP 852 EP 855 DI 10.1177/0363546504271207 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 929AK UT WOS:000229314300007 PM 15827361 ER PT J AU Irkilata, HC Dayanc, M Yildirim, I Cincik, M Aydur, E Peker, AF AF Irkilata, HC Dayanc, M Yildirim, I Cincik, M Aydur, E Peker, AF TI Low sperm recovery from the undescended testis with testicular sperm extraction in postpubertal cryptorchids: preliminary report SO ANDROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE inhibin B; postpubertal cryptorchidism; testicular pathology; testicular sperm extraction ID NONOBSTRUCTIVE AZOOSPERMIA; MANAGEMENT; ORCHIOPEXY; FERTILITY AB As postpubertal cryptorchid testes are generally atrophic and have high malignancy risk, orchiectomy is recommended as the treatment method. However, a few case reports advocated orchiopexy due to finding sperm afterwards. The present clinical study aimed at determining the possibility of finding spermatozoa in postpubertal cryptorchid testis with testicular sperm extraction (TESE). Initially testicular biopsy and later TESE was performed in the undescended testis of 22 unilateral postpubertal cryptorchids and in one of the testes of three bilateral postpubertal cryptorchids. Histopathological assessment of testicular biopsy specimen showed that three patients had maturation arrest and 22 had seminiferous tubular atrophy. By TESE, spermatozoa were found in only one specimen of 25 testes. Our results show that the expectancy to find spermatozoa in postpubertal cryptorchid testis is extremely low by current sperm recovery methods and orchiectomy is still the accurate method of treatment. C1 Maresal Cakmak Mil Hosp, Erzurum, Turkey. Gulhane Mil Med Acad, Dept Urol, Ankara, Turkey. Gulhane Mil Med Acad, Dept Histol, Ankara, Turkey. USAF, Acad Hosp, Istanbul, Turkey. RP Irkilata, HC (reprint author), Guvenlik Cad Defne Sk 4-4, Ankara, Turkey. EM hcirkilata@hotmail.com NR 16 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0303-4569 J9 ANDROLOGIA JI Andrologia PD JUN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 2-3 BP 65 EP 68 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2005.00655.x PG 4 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 946NL UT WOS:000230578900003 PM 16026426 ER PT J AU Mechain, G Mejean, G Ackermann, R Rohwetter, P Andre, YB Kasparian, J Prade, B Stelmaszczyk, K Yu, J Salmon, E Winn, W Schlie, LA Mysyrowicz, A Sauerbrey, R Woste, L Wolf, JP AF Mechain, G Mejean, G Ackermann, R Rohwetter, P Andre, YB Kasparian, J Prade, B Stelmaszczyk, K Yu, J Salmon, E Winn, W Schlie, LA Mysyrowicz, A Sauerbrey, R Woste, L Wolf, JP TI Propagation of fs TW laser filaments in adverse atmospheric conditions SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID FEMTOSECOND-TERAWATT LASER; LIGHT FILAMENTS; MEGAVOLT DISCHARGES; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; PULSES; AIR; INTENSE; ARGON; LIDAR; IONIZATION AB The propagation of femtosecond terawatt laser pulses at reduced pressure (0.7 atm) is investigated experimentally. In such conditions, the non-linear refractive index n(2) is reduced by 30%, resulting in a slightly farther filamentation onset and a reduction of the filament number. However, the filamentation process, especially the filament length, is not qualitatively affected. We also show that drizzle does not prevent the filaments from forming and propagating. C1 Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5579, LASIM, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. ENSTA Ecole Polytech, Ctr Yvette, CNRS,UMR 7639, Lab Opt Appl, F-91761 Palaiseau, France. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Expt Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Geophys Res Ctr, Langmuir Lab Atmospher Res, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate AFRL DELS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Jena, Inst Opt & Quantenelektron, D-07743 Jena, Germany. RP Kasparian, J (reprint author), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5579, LASIM, 43 Bd Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. EM jkaspari@lasim.univ-lyon1.fr RI Kasparian, Jerome/K-4700-2013; Wolf, Jean-Pierre/B-8315-2012 OI Kasparian, Jerome/0000-0003-2398-3882; Wolf, Jean-Pierre/0000-0003-3729-958X NR 37 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 80 IS 7 BP 785 EP 789 DI 10.1007/s00340-005-1825-2 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 932TR UT WOS:000229576900001 ER PT J AU Teehee, ML Bunning, ML Stevens, S Bowen, RA AF Teehee, ML Bunning, ML Stevens, S Bowen, RA TI Experimental infection of pigs with West Nile virus SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; NEW-YORK; VECTOR COMPETENCE; DOMESTIC PIGS; HORSES; SENTINELS; MOSQUITOS; BIRDS AB Young adult and weanling pigs were challenged with the New York 99 strain of West Nile virus through the bite of infected mosquitoes. Each of six adult pigs seroconverted, but virus was isolated from serum of only one pig following challenge. Three of five weanling pigs developed viremia, with peak titers of 10(1.9) and 10(3.1) PFU/mL. Clinical signs attributable to West Nile virus infection were not observed in any of these animals. An additional four pigs were challenged by feeding West Nile virus-infected mice, and none of the four developed a detectable viremia or seroconverted. These results suggest that pigs are unlikely to play a significant role as amplifying hosts of West Nile virus. C1 Colorado State Univ, Anim Reprod & Biotechnol Lab, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Pathol & Immunol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USAF, Off Surg Gen, Bolling AF Base, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Bowen, RA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Anim Reprod & Biotechnol Lab, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM rbowen@colostate.edu NR 26 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 150 IS 6 BP 1249 EP 1256 DI 10.1007/s00705-004-0478-5 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 927ZF UT WOS:000229240200017 PM 15770358 ER PT J AU Miller, TM Ballenthin, JO Viggiano, AA Anderson, BE Wey, CC AF Miller, TM Ballenthin, JO Viggiano, AA Anderson, BE Wey, CC TI Mass distribution and concentrations of negative chemiions in the exhaust of a jet engine: Sulfuric acid concentrations and observation of particle growth SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE jet engine; ion-induced nucleation; aerosol growth; sulfuric acid; mass spectrometer ID AIRCRAFT IN-FLIGHT; GAS-PHASE REACTION; ION-ION RECOMBINATION; AEROSOL FORMATION; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; VAPOR; H2SO4; PLUME; WAKE; TROPOSPHERE AB Measurements of negative-ion composition and density have been made in the exhaust of a J85-GE-5H turbojet, at ground level, as part of the NASA-EXCAVATE campaign. The mass spectrometer was placed 3 m from the exhaust plane of the engine. Measurements were done as a function of engine power in six steps from idle (50%) to military power (100%). Since the exhaust velocity changes with power, this also corresponds to a time evolution for ion growth. At 100% power most of the ions are HSO4- with minor amounts of HSO4-(H2O)(n). With decreasing engine power the degree of hydration increases. In addition, ions with a 139-amu core dominate the spectra at lower engine power. The chemical identity of this ion is unknown. Observation of a small amount of NO3- core ions in the high-power spectra allows the determination of H2SO4 concentrations, which turn out to be a fraction-of-a-percent of the total sulfur in the fuel. Combining the present data with several previous composition measurements allows one to observe ion evolution from bare ions to ions with masses > 8000 amu. Ion densities are derived and appear consistent with previous measurements used in modeling studies indicating that ion nucleation is a probable mechanism for volatile aerosol formation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom Air Force Base, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NASA, Engine Components Div, Army Res Lab, High Speed Syst Off,Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom Air Force Base, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM albert.viggiano@hanscom.af.mil NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 17 BP 3069 EP 3079 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.01.034 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 940DM UT WOS:000230123900007 ER PT J AU Files, DS Webb, JT Pilmanis, AA AF Files, DS Webb, JT Pilmanis, AA TI Depressurization in military aircraft: Rates, rapidity, and health effects for 1055 incidents SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE decompression; rapid decompression; cabin pressure; altitude; hypoxia; DCS; barotrauma ID DECOMPRESSION-SICKNESS; TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT; CABIN PRESSURE; ALTITUDE; HYPOXIA AB Introduction. Aircraft cabin depressurization is a rare event but one which demands attention because of the grave potential for aircrew incapacity in flight. The purpose of the current study was to determine rates of depressurization incidents for U.S. military aircraft, to examine their causes, and to evaluate the medical importance of these incidents. Methods: The U.S. Navy and U.S. Air Force safety center databases were searched for decompression incidents during FY1981-FY2003. A total of 1055 incidents were analyzed as to the cause, speed of onset, and adverse health effects (hypoxia, barotrauma, DCS, or any combination of these). The causes of each incident were identified and classified by aircraft type. Results: The number of incidents per airframe varied from 1 (in many airframes) to 276 in the T-38. The number of total hours flown ranged from 16,332 in the T-6 to 8,101,607 in the C-130. The number of sorties flown ranged from 8800 in the B-2 to 3,543,061 in the C-130. Of 35 common airframes, 30 showed rates between 0 and 20 incidents per million flying hours. Depressurization was "slow" in 83% of incidents. Of the 1055 incidents, only 350 (33.2%) involved adverse health effects. Hypoxia occurred in 221 incidents, DCS in 83, and barotrauma in 71. Only 4 (0.4%) resulted in a fatality. Of the 199 incidents involving hypoxia, 12 (6%) occurred below 4267 m (14,000 ft). Conclusion: Most reported military aircraft depressurization incidents are slow and do not affect aircrew health. Rates have decreased dramatically since the 1980s. Still, this study lends support to continuing hypobaric chamber training for military pilots. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Dept Grad Educ, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. AFRL, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Wyle Labs, Syst & Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Files, DS (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Dept Grad Educ, 2601 Louis Bauer Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM douglas.files@brooks.af.mil NR 17 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 6 BP 523 EP 529 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 932MO UT WOS:000229558000001 PM 15945394 ER PT J AU Webb, JT Pilmanis, AA Balldin, UI Fischer, JR AF Webb, JT Pilmanis, AA Balldin, UI Fischer, JR TI Altitude decompression sickness susceptibility: Influence of anthropometric and physiologic variables SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE DCS; age; weight; height; body mass index; aerobic capacity; body fat ID EXERCISE-ENHANCED PREOXYGENATION; RISK; EXPOSURES AB There is considerable variability in individual susceptibility to altitude decompression sickness (DCS). The Air Force Research Laboratory Altitude DCS Research Database consists of extensive information on 2980 altitude exposures conducted with consistent procedures and endpoint criteria. We used this database to quantify the variation in susceptibility and determine if anthropometric and/or physiologic variables could be used to predict DCS risk. Methods: There were 240 subjects who participated in at least 4 of 70 exposure profiles in which between 5 and 95% of all subjects tested developed DCS symptoms. A subject/study ratio (SSR) was calculated by dividing the DCS experienced by a subject during all their exposures by the DCS incidence for all subjects who participated in the identical exposures. The SSR was used to identify the relative susceptibility of subjects for use in analyzing possible relationships between DCS susceptibility and the variables of height, weight, body mass index, age, percent body fat, and aerobic capacity. Results: The DCS incidence was 46.5% during 1879 subject-exposures by subjects exposed at least 4 times. A significant relationship existed between higher DCS susceptibility and the combination of lower aerobic capacity and greater weight (p < 0.05). Discussion: Despite a correlation, less than 13% of the variation in DCS susceptibility was accounted for by the best combination of variables, weight and VO(2)max. Conclusion: Differences in DCS susceptibility cover a wide range and appear to be related to some anthropometric and physiologic variables. However, there was insufficient correlation to allow prediction of an individual's susceptibility. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Div Biosci & Protect, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Wyle Labs, Life Sci Syst & Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. AIES, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Webb, JT (reprint author), 13818 Chittim Oak, San Antonio, TX 78232 USA. EM james.webb.ctr@brooks.af.mil NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 6 BP 547 EP 551 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 932MO UT WOS:000229558000005 PM 15945398 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JA Mu, QW Smith, JK Mishory, A Caldwell, JL Peters, G Brown, DL George, MS AF Caldwell, JA Mu, QW Smith, JK Mishory, A Caldwell, JL Peters, G Brown, DL George, MS TI Are individual differences in fatigue vulnerability related to baseline differences in cortical activation? SO BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE functional magnetic resonance imaging; individual differences; sleep deprivation; aviation; fatigue ID VERBAL WORKING-MEMORY; TOTAL SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; TERM RECOGNITION MEMORY; COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE; PARIETAL CORTEX; BRAIN-REGIONS; FMRI; WAKEFULNESS; ACCIDENTS AB Recent evidence suggests that underlying patterns of cortical activation may partially account for individual differences in susceptibility to the effects of sleep deprivation. Here, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to examine the activation of military pilots whose sleep-deprivation vulnerability previously was quantified. A Sternberg Working Memory Task (SWMT; S. Sternberg, 1966) was completed alternately with a control task during a 13-min blood oxygen level-dependent fMRI scan. Examination of the activated voxels in response to SWMT indicated that, as a group, the pilots were more similar to fatigue-resistant nonpilots than to fatigue-vulnerable nonpilots. Within the pilots, cortical activation was significantly related to fatigue vulnerability on simulator-flight performance. These preliminary data suggest that baseline fMRI scan activation during a working memory task may correlate with fatigue susceptibility. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Brain Stimulat Lab, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Ctr Adv Imaging Res, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Caldwell, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM john.caldwell@brooks.af.mil NR 57 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC/EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING FOUNDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7044 J9 BEHAV NEUROSCI JI Behav. Neurosci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 119 IS 3 BP 694 EP 707 DI 10.1037/0735-7044.119.3.694 PG 14 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 942BT UT WOS:000230258600006 PM 15998190 ER PT J AU Garrett, PD Eckart, RE Bauch, TD Thompson, CM Stajduhar, KC AF Garrett, PD Eckart, RE Bauch, TD Thompson, CM Stajduhar, KC TI Fluoroscopic localization of the femoral head as a landmark for common femoral artery cannulation SO CATHETERIZATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article DE femoral artery; anatomy; cannulation; catheterization ID PUNCTURE AB We sought to determine the reliability of frequently used landmarks for femoral arterial access in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. The common femoral artery (CFA) is the most frequently used arterial access in cardiac catheterization. Arterial sheath placement into the CFA has been shown to decrease vascular complications. Some authors recommend locating the inferior border of the femoral head using fluoroscopy due to the relationship of the femoral head and the bifurcation of the CFA. We performed a descriptive study in a prospective design of 158 patients undergoing catheterization from the femoral approach. A femoral angiogram was performed, and the CFA bifurcation location was recorded in relation to the inguinal ligament, middle and inferior border of the femoral head, and the inguinal skin crease. The CFA bifurcation was distal to the inguinal ligament, middle femoral head, and inferior femoral head in most patients with mean distances (cm &PLUSMN; SD) of 7.5 &PLUSMN; 1.7, 2.9 &PLUSMN; 1.5, and 0.8 &PLUSMN; 1.2, respectively. The inguinal skin crease was below the bifurcation in 78% of patients (-1.8 &PLUSMN; 1.6 cm). The CFA overlies the femoral head in 92% of cases. The femoral head has a consistent relationship to the CFA, and localization using fluoroscopy is a useful landmark. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc(&DAG;). C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Garrett, PD (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr,Bldg 3600, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM paul.garrett@amedd.army.mil NR 6 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1522-1946 J9 CATHETER CARDIO INTE JI Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 65 IS 2 BP 205 EP 207 DI 10.1002/ccd.20373 PG 3 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 932MK UT WOS:000229557600010 PM 15900552 ER PT J AU Sanders, JW Putnam, SD Gould, P Kolisnyk, J Merced, N Barthel, V Rozmajzl, PJ Shaheen, H Fouad, S Frenck, RW AF Sanders, JW Putnam, SD Gould, P Kolisnyk, J Merced, N Barthel, V Rozmajzl, PJ Shaheen, H Fouad, S Frenck, RW TI Diarrheal illness among deployed US military personnel during Operation Bright Star 2001 - Egypt SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE diarrhea; E. coli; pathogens; military; Egypt; Middle East; cryptosporidium ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ENZYME IMMUNOASSAYS; TRAVELERS DIARRHEA; IDENTIFICATION; ANIMALS; DISEASE; STOOL; CAIRO AB In the fall of 2001, approximately 15,000 U.S. military personnel participated in a military exercise in the northwestern Egyptian desert. To assess the prevalence and impact of diarrhea and enteropathogen distribution, we conducted a post-deployment survey and a case series study. A departure convenience sampling (n = 3725) was used in the post-deployment survey. Overall, 9.3% reported diarrhea, 2.6% sought medical care, and 2.8% stopped or decreased their work for at least a day. Among those reporting diarrhea, 41.7% had symptoms for less than 2 days, 43.5% had symptoms from 2-5 days, and 14.8% had symptoms for more than 5 days. In the case series study, Pathogens were identified in 53.6% of the 129 cases enrolled. Pathogens identified included enterotoxigenic E. coli (n = 53), enteroaggregative E Coli (n = 13), Cryptosporidium (n = 9), Campylobacter jejuni (n = 7), noroviruses (n = 7), Shigella flexneri (n = 2), rotavirus (n = 2), and Entamoeba histolytica (n = 2). Among those seeking care for diarrhea, two thirds reported a decreased ability or inability to perform their jobs for at least one day, but overall, diarrhea was much less prevalent than in past surveys in this region, with minimal impact on the mission. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta 96250, Indonesia. USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Harbor Med Ctr, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Res, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. RP Sanders, JW (reprint author), Naval Med Res Unit 3, AE 09835, Cairo, Egypt. EM sandersj@namru3.med.navy.mil NR 20 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 52 IS 2 BP 85 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2005.02.005 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 945QS UT WOS:000230517800002 PM 15964494 ER PT J AU Bauer, SJ Orio, K Adams, BD AF Bauer, SJ Orio, K Adams, BD TI Succinylcholine induced masseter spasm during rapid sequence intubation may require a surgical airway: case report SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA; EMERGENCY; ANESTHESIA; INDUCTION; TRISMUS C1 Infantry Div 4th, Brigade 2, Surg Sect, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Bauer, SJ (reprint author), Infantry Div 4th, Brigade 2, Surg Sect, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. EM sberdoc@aol.com NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1472-0205 J9 EMERG MED J JI Emerg. Med. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 22 IS 6 BP 456 EP 458 DI 10.1136/emj.2004.014571 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 929AB UT WOS:000229312800024 PM 15911964 ER PT J AU Kim, HS Mall, S AF Kim, HS Mall, S TI Investigation into three-dimensional effects of finite contact width on fretting fatigue SO FINITE ELEMENTS IN ANALYSIS AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE fretting fatigue; finite element analysis; three-dimensional analysis; contact mechanics; partial slip; crack initiation ID CRACK INITIATION; ELEMENT ANALYSIS; TI-6AL-4V; BEHAVIOR; STRESSES; MECHANICS; PAD AB Three-dimensional effects due to finite contact width on the contact characteristics and fretting fatigue behavior were investigated. Two contact configurations were considered: cylinder-on-flat and flat with rounded edge-on flat. Three-dimensional finite element methodology was developed based on the submodeling technique. Stress components and relative displacement converged well with ease in both contact configurations; however, the flat pad configuration provided a slightly better and faster convergence. The contact region affected by the free edge boundary was dependent on the contact geometry, i.e. it was slightly more in the cylindrical pad than the flat pad, however the affected region was less than 7% of the total contact surface in the case of cylindrical-on-flat configuration. The contact pressure and stick region decreased at the free edge, which were in agreement with their experimental counterparts, hence a localized gross slip condition can develop near the free edge even though stick-slip condition prevails over most of the contact area. Analysis using a critical plane based multi-axial fatigue parameter showed that there is a very small effect due to free edge boundary on fretting fatigue crack initiation, which was confined near the edge. Two-dimensional plane strain analysis provided the contact characteristics and fretting fatigue behavior that were in agreement with their counterparts from three-dimensional analysis over most of the contact area. Therefore, two-dimensional plane strain methodology can be used for the analysis of fretting fatigue tests involving finite width. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Inha Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Inchon, South Korea. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Bldg 640,2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shankar.mall@afit.edu RI Kim, Heung Soo /F-6611-2011 OI Kim, Heung Soo /0000-0001-7057-5174 NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-874X J9 FINITE ELEM ANAL DES JI Finite Elem. Anal. Des. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 11-12 BP 1140 EP 1159 DI 10.1016/j.finel.2005.02.001 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA 934JP UT WOS:000229705400008 ER PT J AU Hoyuela, CM Terzuoli, AJ Wasky, RP AF Hoyuela, CM Terzuoli, AJ Wasky, RP TI Determining possible receiver locations for passive radar SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID PARABOLIC EQUATION; PROPAGATION; TROPOSPHERE AB The authors present a methodology to determine the effects of real environments on the selection of possible receiver locations for a passive radar (PR) system. Considered are specific terrain and atmospheric information, available signal sources, and coverage needs, especially for low altitudes. Resolving all possible receiver locations allows for analysis from different operational and technical viewpoints. Since the realm of operational applications and technical constraints on a PR system are wide, an optimal receiver location is not determined because an optimal solution varies for each specific requirement. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hoyuela, CM (reprint author), Acad Politecn Aeronaut, Fuerza Aerea, Gran AVJM Carrera,11087,Paradero 36 1-2, Santiago, Chile. EM a.j.terzuoli@ieec.org NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 152 IS 3 BP 206 EP 214 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:20045023 PG 9 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 946HQ UT WOS:000230563400014 ER PT J AU Best, SR AF Best, SR TI A discussion on the quality factor of impedance matched electrically small wire antennas (vol 53, pg 502, 2005) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Correction C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Best, SR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM steven.best@comcast.net NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 6 BP 2133 EP 2133 DI 10.1109/TAP.2005.848525 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 934ME UT WOS:000229712100037 ER PT J AU Amemiya, N Yoda, K Kasai, S Jiang, ZN Levin, GA Barnes, PN Oberly, CE AF Amemiya, N Yoda, K Kasai, S Jiang, ZN Levin, GA Barnes, PN Oberly, CE TI AC loss characteristics of multifilamentary YBCO coated conductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE AC loss; multifilament; superconductors; YBCO ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; LOSS REDUCTION; TAPES AB One of the methods to reduce magnetization loss of YBCO coated conductors in a perpendicular magnetic field is subdividing the YBCO layer into filaments and twisting them as a whole. A 10 mm wide multifilamentary YBCO coated conductor with 200 mu m wide filaments was prepared by striation using the laser ablation technique. The number of filaments was 40. The sample length was varied from 100 nun to 25 mm, and their magnetization loss was measured at various frequencies. The measured magnetization losses were scaled using sample length, frequency, and field amplitude. This clarifies the magnetization loss characteristics of multifilamentary YBCO coated conductors and obtains empirical expressions for the magnetization loss. The measured loss was compared with the loss calculated numerically using a two dimensional FEM model. The experimentally confirmed effect of striation to reduce the magnetization loss was compared with theoretical predictions. C1 Yokohama Natl Univ, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2408501, Japan. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 43210 USA. RP Yokohama Natl Univ, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2408501, Japan. EM ame@rain.dnj.ynu.ac.jp; yoda@rain.dnj.ynu.ac.jp; kasai@rain.dnj.ynu.ac.jp; kyo@rain.dnj.ynu.ac.jp; George.Levin@wpafb.af.mil; paul.barnes@wpafb.af.mil; charles.oberly@wpafb.af.mil RI Jiang, Zhenan/A-5158-2016; Amemiya, Naoyuki/G-2549-2012 OI Jiang, Zhenan/0000-0002-3482-3510; Amemiya, Naoyuki/0000-0002-3000-864X NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1637 EP 1642 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849216 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700135 ER PT J AU Oberly, CE Razidlo, B Rodriguez, F AF Oberly, CE Razidlo, B Rodriguez, F TI Conceptual approach to the ultimate low AC loss YBCO superconductor SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE AC loss; rutherford configuration; striated filaments; YBCO ID CONDUCTORS AB Wide tapes of YBCO coated conductors make minimization of ac loss very difficult. Subdivision of the tape into narrow filaments does not provide complete transposition when twisted and current sharing is not equalized due to inductance differences. For ac power applications operating near 400 Hz for military aircraft power systems, equal inductance filaments and short twist pitch are very important to loss minimization. A fully transposed YBCO tape that approximates a Rutherford cable has been conceived to minimize ac loss at high frequency. Retention of optimal texture of YBCO in edge turnaround regions and filament crossovers in the Rutherford tape is essential. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Oberly, CE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM charles.oberly@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1643 EP 1646 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849219 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700136 ER PT J AU Levin, GA Barnes, PN AF Levin, GA Barnes, PN TI Concept of multiply connected superconducting tapes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE coated superconductors; magnetization losses ID LOSS REDUCTION; YBCO; MULTIFILAMENTARY; CONDUCTORS; BREAKDOWN AB The possibility of a substantial reduction of weight and size of electrical generators is the main incentive behind the effort to develop superconducting armature windings based on Y1Ba2Cu3O6+x (YBCO) coated conductors in the form of wide tapes with large aspect ratio. The main obstacle to the application of coated superconductors in stator windings is the large losses incurred due to the ac magnetic field produced by the rotor's dc coils of the field windings. In the range of frequencies typical for aircraft generators, the hysteretic losses in wide tapes are unacceptably high. They can be reduced by dividing the YBCO layer into multiple filaments separated by non-superconducting barriers. However, the lack of current sharing between the filaments makes the conductor vulnerable to the localized defects, so that a single blockage can impede the flow of transport current through the whole length of a given filament. We present estimates of reliability as well as the magnetization losses in multiply connected superconductors. In this type of superconducting tape, a sparse network of superconducting bridges, which allows for current sharing, connects the filaments. The trade-off between the different types of losses and the connectivity requirement imposes restrictions on the number of filaments and properties of the network of bridges. C1 CNR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Levin, GA (reprint author), CNR, Bldg 450, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM george.levin@wpafb.af.mil; paul.barnes@wpafb.af.mil NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2158 EP 2161 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849601 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700263 ER PT J AU Sumption, MD Barnes, PN Collings, EW AF Sumption, MD Barnes, PN Collings, EW TI AC losses of coated conductors in perpendicular fields and concepts for twisting SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE AC losses; striping; twisting; YBCO ID SUPERCONDUCTING CABLES; STRANDS AB AC losses for striped and unstriped YBCO coated conductors are presented. The loss for a sample subdivided into 10 filaments is shown to be reduced by the expected factor of 10. Various concepts for introducing strand twisting are investigated, and some estimates are given for their superconductive filling factors and the resulting twisting-induced strain. Additionally, the concept of winding induced effective twist is described, and the effective induced twist pitch is shown to be approximately two times the length of the winding. The influence of end-soldering of the strands is described, and simple estimates of the coupling losses are given for a striped strand with soldered ends in conjunction with an effective induced twist. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, LASM, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, LASM, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM mdsumption+@osu.edu RI Sumption, Mike/N-5913-2016 OI Sumption, Mike/0000-0002-4243-8380 NR 9 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2815 EP 2818 DI 10.1109/TASC.205.848233 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200097 ER PT J AU Majoros, M Glowacki, BA Campbell, AM Levin, GA Barnes, PN Polak, M AF Majoros, M Glowacki, BA Campbell, AM Levin, GA Barnes, PN Polak, M TI AC losses in striated YBCO coated conductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE AC losses; coated conductors; RABiTS; superconductors ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; STRIP; MODEL AB We measured AC losses in RABiTS nonstriated as well as striated coated conductors provided by the US Air Force Research Laboratory. In addition, samples with different kinds of well defined inter-filament bridging have been measured and their losses compared with those of samples with unbridged filaments and with mono-layer samples. This bridging is designed to aid current sharing between filaments, which is advantageous, but it is necessary to determine if the effect on AC losses is detrimental. It was found that AC losses of striated samples with multiple bridges are higher than those of the samples with no bridges due to significant filament coupling but even so the losses are still substantially lower than those of a monolayer sample. C1 Univ Cambridge, Irc Superconduct, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 0QZ, England. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Elect Engn, SK-84239 Bratislava, Slovakia. RP Majoros, M (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Irc Superconduct, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. EM mm293@cam.ac.uk; bag10@cam.ac.uk; amc1@cam.ac.uk; George.Levin@wpafb.af.mil; paul.barnes@wpafb.af.mil; milan.polak@savba.sk RI Glowacki, Bartek/F-5113-2010 NR 12 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2819 EP 2822 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.848234 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200098 ER PT J AU Barnes, PN Levin, GA Varanasi, C Sumption, MD AF Barnes, PN Levin, GA Varanasi, C Sumption, MD TI Low AC loss structures in YBCO coated conductors with filamentary current sharing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE AC losses; current sharing; hysteretic & coupling losses; YBCO coated conductor ID LOSS REDUCTION; FABRICATION; TAPES; FIELD AB Architectural design improvements, such as filamentation, to YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) coated conductors can result in a more ac-tolerant version of the conductor. However, finely made striations in the conductor make filament breakage more probable. In this case, weakly linking the filaments can enable current sharing among the filaments of striated coated conductors while maintaining reduced hysteretic losses. Data is presented for a YBCO sample divided into superconducting filaments separated such that the transverse critical current density of the striation is significantly less than the longitudinal critical current density along the filaments. A LAO substrate was physically scribed with parallel incisions to adversely affect the subsequent epitaxial growth of the YBCO layer between the striations. Vibrating sample magnetometry measurements verified a reduction in hysteretic loss compared to a control sample of epitaxially grown YBCO on an unscribed LAO substrate. Since filamentation requires a twist in the conductor for practical applications, a discussion is also given outlining an alternate means of accomplishing this by placing a twist in the coated conductor architecture itself. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM paul.barnes@wpafb.af.mil; george.levin@wpafb.af.mil; mdsumption+@osu.edu RI Sumption, Mike/N-5913-2016 OI Sumption, Mike/0000-0002-4243-8380 NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2827 EP 2830 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.848236 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200100 ER PT J AU Kleismit, RA Kozlowski, G Biggers, R Maartense, I Kazimierczuk, MK Mast, DB AF Kleismit, RA Kozlowski, G Biggers, R Maartense, I Kazimierczuk, MK Mast, DB TI Characterization of local dielectric properties of superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-delta using evanescent microwave microscopy SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE complex permittivity; electromagnetic interaction; evanescent microwave microscopy; near-field; superconductivity; susceptibility; YBCO superconducting thin film AB A near-field evanescent microwave microscope based on a coaxial transmission line resonator with a tungsten tip protruding through an end-wall aperture is used to measure local dielectric properties of thin film YBa2Cu3O7-delta in superconducting state below critical temperature T-c = 91 K at T = 79.4 K and in normal state at room temperature (T = 298 K). The dielectric property of the superconductor within the near field of the tip frustrates the electric field and measurably changes the transmission line's resonant frequency. The shift of the resonator's frequency is measured as a function of tip-sample separation and associated change in quality factor (Q) image scans of the thin film is obtained. A quantitative relationship between the real and imaginary parts of the local dielectric constant and the frequency shift using the method of images is established. The comparison between experimental data and theory based on this method is given and discussed for YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin film deposited on LaAlO3 substrate. C1 USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45002 USA. RP Kleismit, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rkleismit@earthlink.net; gregory.kozlowski@wright.edu; rand.biggers@wpafb.af.mil; mkazim@cs.wright.edu; david.mast@uc.edu NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2915 EP 2918 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.848633 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200122 ER PT J AU Wang, LB Selby, P Khanal, C Levin, G Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN Kwon, C AF Wang, LB Selby, P Khanal, C Levin, G Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN Kwon, C TI The distribution of transport current in YBCO coated conductor with zipper striations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE critical current density; the distribution of transport current; YBCO coated conductor; zipper striations ID SCANNING LASER MICROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; TAPES; DEPOSITION; TRANSITION; FILM AB An YBCO coated conductor with a zipper pattern striation is investigated by scanning laser microscopy (SLM). The distribution of transport current deduced from the VTSLM images shows that striations act as artificial barriers forcing the current to flow around them. Current sharing and redistribution are observed at the zipper area. We find the major dissipation mechanism in the sample in the superconducting state to be the current crowding at bottleneck areas. The bottleneck seems to be caused by the disabled filaments at and around the zipper area. Some filaments show the dissipation away from the zipper area. In general, we find that the lower J(c)* areas have lower T-c* and high delta V-m, which we consider as a sign of the current crowding. For the first time, we have demonstrated that there is a high temperature signature of the lower J(c)* (high dissipation) area and VTSLM can detect the signature. C1 Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Phys & Astron, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. WPAFB, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Phys & Astron, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. EM wanglb1@yahoo.com; pselby@mail.nmusd.k12.ca.us; ckhanal@gmail.com; george.levin@wpafb.af.mil; timothy.haugan@wpafb.af.mil; paul.barnes@wpafb.af.mil; ckwon@csulb.edu RI Kwon, Chuhee/A-8687-2008 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2950 EP 2953 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.848670 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200131 ER PT J AU Sathiraju, S Barnes, PN Varanasi, C Wheeler, R AF Sathiraju, S Barnes, PN Varanasi, C Wheeler, R TI Studies on Ba2YNbO6 buffer layers for subsequent YBa2Cu3O7-x film growth SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE buffer layer; BYNO film; coated conductors; IBAD; YBCO film ID BEAM-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS AB In this paper, we are reporting a dielectric oxide buffer Ba2YNbO6 (BYNO) and its performance on various substrates for a potential buffer layer for the growth of YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) coated conductors. Ba2YNbO6 is a moderate dielectric. Using pulsed laser deposition, epitaxial BYNO films were grown at 850 degrees C with an oxygen pressure of 200 mTorr on single crystal MgO (100) substrate and ion beam assisted sputter deposited MgO buffered hastelloy metal substrates. The surface morphology of the BYNO films reveals out growths even though the average surface roughness is only 2-8 nm. The texture of BYNO films is similar to 8 degrees and thickness of these layers similar to 100 nm on metal substrates. Highly c-axis oriented YBCO films were deposited on BYNO buffered substrates. Critical transition temperatures (T-c0) determined from electrical transport measurements vary between 88-89 K and corresponding critical current densities (J(c)) ranging from 0.5-1 MA/cm(2) at 77 K. C1 Natl Acad Sci & Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Natl Acad Sci & Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM srinivas.sathiraju@wpafb.af.mil; paul.barnes@wpafb.af.mil; chakrapani.varanasi@wpafb.af.mil; robert.wheeler@wpafb.af.mil NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 3009 EP 3012 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.848703 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200146 ER PT J AU Varanasi, CV Tolliver, JC Haugan, TJ Sathiraju, S Maatense, I Barnes, PN AF Varanasi, CV Tolliver, JC Haugan, TJ Sathiraju, S Maatense, I Barnes, PN TI Nd-doped YBa2Cu3O7-x films deposited by pulsed laser ablation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE coated conductors; Nd substitutions; pulsed laser ablation; rare earth pinning; YBCO ID THIN-FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTING PROPERTIES; YBCO AB Nd doped YBa2Cu3O7-delta targets (NdxY1-xBa2 Cu3O7-x; x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 1) were prepared in-house and were used to deposit films by pulsed laser ablation in 300 mTorr of oxygen to study the Nd substitution effects on the film properties. Film composition was found to match very closely to the composition of the targets as determined from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The critical transition temperature (T-c) was found to be reduced as the Nd substitutions were increased in the films. Raman spectra taken from the films indicate that c-axis misalignment and some cation disorder may be present in the films with poor T-c. Transport critical current density (J(c)) of 3 x 10(6) A/cm(2) was measured in Nd0.4Y0.6Ba2Cu3O7-x films. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM chakrapani.varanasi@wpafb.af.mil NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 3722 EP 3725 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849414 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200324 ER PT J AU Kell, JW Haugan, TJ Locke, MF Barnes, RN AF Kell, JW Haugan, TJ Locke, MF Barnes, RN TI Tb and Ce doped Y123 films processed by pulsed laser deposition SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE high-temperature superconductors; magnetic field measurement; superconducting materials; thin films ID YBA2CU3O7-DELTA FILMS; THICK-FILMS AB To evaluate possible flux pinning enhancement in YBa2Cu3O7-Z (Y123) films due to partial rare-earth ion substitutions, Ce and Tb doping are studied. Bulk ceramic targets of varying compositions (Y(1-X)RE(X)Ba(2)Cu(3)o(7-z)) were made with several doping levels (x = 0.001 to 0.1, RE = Ce or Tb) by using regular solid-state reaction and sintering procedures. These targets were used to deposit Ce and Tb doped YBCO films onto SrTiO3 single crystal substrates by pulsed laser ablation. Doped VBCO films were characterized for T-c, magnetic field dependence of J(c) (at 77 K), microstructure, and other properties. The results are compared to undoped YBCO films processed in similar manner. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM joseph.kell@wpafb.af.mil; timothy.haugan@wpafb.af.mil; mary.locke@wpafb.af.mil; paul.barnes@wpafb.af.mil NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 3726 EP 3729 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849415 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200325 ER PT J AU Barnes, PN Haugan, TJ Sumption, MD Harrison, BC AF Barnes, PN Haugan, TJ Sumption, MD Harrison, BC TI Pinning enhancement of YBa2Cu3O7-d thin films with Y2BaCuO5 nanoparticulates SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE flux pinning; nanoparticulates; YBCO; Y2BaCuO5 ID MELT-PROCESSED YBA2CU3OX; CRITICAL CURRENTS; SUPERCONDUCTOR; DISPERSIONS AB A comparison study is given of a typical superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-d (Y123) film and a Y123 film containing a nonsuperconducting Y2BaCuO5 (Y211) phase nanoparticulate dispersion. The inclusion of the second phase nanoparticulates was for the express purpose of increasing superconducting film's magnetic pinning strength with the resultant improved in-field critical current density. LaAlO3 substrates were used and the V123 and Y211 nanoparticulates were grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLID). The Y211 nanoparticulate dispersion in the Y123 resulted from multiple consecutive depositions by PLD of the respective targets. The Y123 phase maintained excellent epitaxy with high in-plane orientation with and without the Y211 inclusions. With the Y211 additions, the critical current densities of the films increased significantly in applied magnetic fields as compared to the high quality V123 film with no Y211 additions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Summer Fac, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Barnes, PN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM paul.barnes@wpafb.af.mil; timothy.haugan@wpafb.af.mil; mdsumption+@osu.edu RI Sumption, Mike/N-5913-2016 OI Sumption, Mike/0000-0002-4243-8380 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 3766 EP 3769 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849426 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200335 ER PT J AU Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN Campbell, TA Evans, JM Kell, JW Brunke, LB Murphy, JP Varanasi, C Maartense, I Wong-Ng, W Cook, LP AF Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN Campbell, TA Evans, JM Kell, JW Brunke, LB Murphy, JP Varanasi, C Maartense, I Wong-Ng, W Cook, LP TI Addition of alternate phase nanoparticle dispersions to enhance flux pinning of Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE flux pinning; high temperature superconductor; nanoparticle; YBa2Cu3O7-x. thin film ID GROWTH AB Nanoparticle dispersions of various phases were added to YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO or 123) thin films by multilayer pulsed laser deposition, to determine their effect on flux pinning. The different pinning materials examined include Y2BaCuO5, (Y211 or green-phase), La2BaCuO5 (La2ll or brown-phase), Y2O3, CeO2, and MgO, with lattice constant mismatches varying from 0.5% to 12% with respect to YBCO. Y211 and Y2O3 provided significant pinning increases at temperatures of 65 K and 77 K, however other phases provided enhancements only at 65 K (for CeO2 and La211) for limited range of applied field strengths. An interesting correlation between T. transition widths and pinning strengths was observed. The additions produced markedly different nanoparticle and film microstructures, as well as superconducting properties. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. EM timothy.haugan@wpafb.af.mil; winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov NR 13 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 3770 EP 3773 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849427 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200336 ER PT J AU Kim, YC Agrawal, VD Saluja, KK AF Kim, YC Agrawal, VD Saluja, KK TI Combinational automatic test pattern generation for acyclic sequential circuits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE acyclic sequential circuit; automatic test pattern generation (ATPG); balanced model; combinational test generation; design for test (DFT); partial scan; test ID PARTIAL SCAN DESIGN; COMPLEXITY AB It is known that the complexity of automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) for acyclic sequential circuits is similar to that of combinational ATPG. The general problem, however, requires time-frame expansion and multiple-fault detection and hence does not allow the use of available combinational ATPG programs. The first contribution of this work is a combinational single-fault ATPG method for the most general class of acyclic sequential circuits. Without inserting any real hardware, we create a functionally equivalent "balanced" ATPG model of the circuit in which all reconverging paths have the same sequential depth. Some primary inputs and gates are duplicated in this model, which is converted into a combinational circuit by shorting all flip-flops. A test vector obtained by a combinational ATPG program for a fault in this combinational circuit is transformed into a test sequence to detect a corresponding fault in the original sequential circuit. A combinational ATPG program finds tests for all but a small set of faults that must be explicitly detected as multiple-faults. Those are modeled for ATPG using the second contribution of this work, which is a generalized method to model any given multiple stuck-at fault as a single stuck-at fault. The procedure requires insertion of at most n + 3 modeling gates for a fault of multiplicity n. We show that the modeled circuit is functionally equivalent to the original circuit and the targeted multiple fault is equivalent to the modeled single stuck-at fault. Benchmark results show at least an order of magnitude saving in the ATPG CPU time by the new combinational method over sequential ATPG. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM yong.kim@afit.edu; vagrawal@eng.auburn.edu; saluja@engr.wisc.edu NR 31 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0278-0070 EI 1937-4151 J9 IEEE T COMPUT AID D JI IEEE Trans. Comput-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 6 BP 948 EP 956 DI 10.1109/TCAD.2005.847894 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 931MG UT WOS:000229488800014 ER PT J AU Chen, CIH George, K McCormick, W Tsui, JBY Hary, SL Graves, KM AF Chen, CIH George, K McCormick, W Tsui, JBY Hary, SL Graves, KM TI Design and performance evaluation of a 2.5-GSPS digital receiver SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE digital receiver; false alarm; fast Fourier transform (FFT); radio frequency; single signal dynamic range; two signal instantaneous dynamic range; two signal spur free dynamic range ID MONOBIT RECEIVER AB Today's very deep submicron IC technology enables high-performance analog and digital applications to be integrated on a single piece of silicon. For this effort, a design of 2.5 giga-sample per second (GSPS) receiver-on-a-chip (ROC) is presented. For our design, we take advantage of a compensation technique to reduce spurs and improve instantaneous dynamic range. A major goal is to produce a low-cost, small, and lightweight, and low-power ROC. Our design will cover a 1-GHz bandwidth (125-1125 MHz), and it will correctly process two simultaneous signals by detecting their frequency, pulsewidth (PW), and time of arrival (TOA). The single or dual signal, spur-free dynamic ranges and two signal instantaneous dynamic ranges of our design are high. The minimum frequency separation of two signals is 10 MHz (one channel width), and the maximum amplitude separation (dynamic range) of two signals is 18 dB with the second signal false alarm less than 1%. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Reference & Receiver Applicat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chen, CIH (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM cihchen@cs.wright.edu NR 9 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 54 IS 3 BP 1089 EP 1099 DI 10.1109/TIM.2005.847206 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 928DH UT WOS:000229250800018 ER PT J AU Johnson, VE Moosman, A Cotter, P AF Johnson, VE Moosman, A Cotter, P TI A hierarchical model for estimating the early reliability of complex systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian inference; binary regression; Markov chain; Monte Carlo AB We describe a hierarchical Bayesian model for assessing the early reliability of complex systems, for which sparse or no system level failure data are available, except that which exists for comparable systems developed by different categories of manufacturers. Novel features of the model are the inclusion of a "quality" index to allow separate treatment for systems produced by "experienced" & "inexperienced" manufacturers. We show how this index can be employed to distinguish the behavior of systems produced by each category of manufacturer for the first few applications, with later pooling of outcomes from both categories of manufacturers after the first few uses (i.e., after inexperienced manufacturers gain experience). We demonstrate how this model, together with suitable informative priors, can reproduce the reliability growth in the modeled systems. Estimation of failure probabilities (and associated uncertainties) for early launches of new space vehicles is used to illustrate the methodology. Disclaimer-This paper is provided solely to illustrate how hierarchical Bayesian methods can be applied to estimate systems reliability (including uncertainties) for newly introduced complex systems with sparse or nonexistent system level test data. The example problem considered (i.e. estimating failure probabilities of new launch vehicles) is employed solely for illustrative purposes. The authors have made numerous assumptions & approximations throughout the document in order to demonstrate the central techniques. The specific methodologies, results, and conclusions presented in this paper are neither approved nor endorsed by the United States Air Force or the Federal Aviation Administration. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USAF, 45th SW SESN, Patrick AFB, FL USA. RP Johnson, VE (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9529 J9 IEEE T RELIAB JI IEEE Trans. Reliab. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 54 IS 2 BP 224 EP 231 DI 10.1109/TR.2005.847262 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 933AN UT WOS:000229596300005 ER PT J AU Rangaswamy, M AF Rangaswamy, M TI Statistical analysis of the nonhomogeneity detector for non-Gaussian interference backgrounds SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 22-25, 2002 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP IEEE Los Angeles Council, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Northrop Grumman Corp, Raytheon Co DE EM algorithm; GIP; goodness-of-fit test; maximally invariant statistic; ML estimate; NAMF; NHD; non-Gaussian interference; SIRP; type-I error ID INVARIANT RANDOM-PROCESSES; COVARIANCE-MATRIX; HETEROGENEOUS CLUTTER; AIRBORNE RADAR; CFAR DETECTION; STAP TESTS; PERFORMANCE AB We derive the nonhomogeneity detector (NHD) for non-Gaussian interference scenarios and present a statistical analysis of the method. The non-Gaussian interference scenario is assumed to be modeled by a spherically invariant random process (SIRP). We present a method for selecting representative (homogeneous) training data based on our statistical analysis of the NHD for finite sample support used in covariance estimation. In particular, an exact theoretical expression for the NHD test statistic probability density function (PDF) is derived. Performance analysis of the NHD is presented using both simulated data and measured data from the multichannel airborne radar measurement (MCARM) program. A performance comparison with existing NHD approaches is also included. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Rangaswamy, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM Muralidhar.Rangaswamy@hanscom.af.mil NR 42 TC 66 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 6 BP 2101 EP 2111 DI 10.1109/TSP.2005.847843 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 930VA UT WOS:000229444000013 ER PT J AU Shore, RA Yaghjian, AD AF Shore, RA Yaghjian, AD TI Traveling electromagnetic waves on linear periodic arrays of lossless penetrable spheres SO IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP 04) CY AUG 17-21, 2004 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP IEICE Commun Soc DE linear arrays; scattering matrices; traveling waves; magnetodielectric spheres ID MATRIX AB Traveling electromagnetic waves on infinite linear periodic arrays of lossless penetrable spheres can be conveniently analyzed using the source scattering-matrix framework and vector spherical wave functions. It is assumed that either the spheres are sufficiently small, or the frequency such, that the sphere scattering can be treated using only electric and magnetic dipole vector spherical waves, the electric and magnetic dipoles being orthogonal to each other and to the array axis. The analysis simplifies because there is no cross-coupling of the modes in the scattering matrix equations. However, the electric and magnetic dipoles in the array are coupled through the fields scattered by the spheres. The assumption that a dipolar traveling wave along the array axis can be supported by the array of spheres yields a pair of equations for determining the traveling wave propagation constant as a function of the sphere size, inter-sphere separation distance, the sphere permittivity and permeability, and the free-space wave number. These equations are obtained by equating the electric (magnetic) field incident on any sphere of the array with the sum of the electric (magnetic) fields scattered from all the other spheres in the array. Both equations include a parameter equal to the ratio of the unknown normalized coefficients of the electric and magnetic dipole fields. By eliminating this parameter between the two equations, a single transcendental equation is obtained that can be easily solved numerically for the traveling wave propagation constant. Plots of the k - beta diagram for different types and sizes of spheres are shown. Interestingly, for certain spheres and separations it is possible to have multiple traveling waves supported by the array. Backward traveling waves are also shown to exist in narrow frequency bands for arrays of spheres with suitable permittivity and permeability. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHA, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Shore, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHA, 80 Scott Dr, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM robert.shore@hanscom.af.mil NR 9 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG PI TOKYO PA KIKAI-SHINKO-KAIKAN BLDG, 3-5-8, SHIBA-KOEN, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105-0011, JAPAN SN 0916-8516 EI 1745-1345 J9 IEICE T COMMUN JI IEICE Trans. Commun. PD JUN PY 2005 VL E88B IS 6 BP 2346 EP 2352 DI 10.1093/ietcom/e88-b.6.2346 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 935ZZ UT WOS:000229823300017 ER PT J AU Kharoufeh, JP Cox, SM AF Kharoufeh, JP Cox, SM TI Stochastic models for degradation-based reliability SO IIE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL INVERSION; LAPLACE TRANSFORMS; WEAR PROCESSES AB This paper presents a degradation-based procedure for estimating the full and residual lifetime distribution of a single-unit system subject to Markovian deterioration. The hybrid approach unites real degradation measures with analytical, stochastic failure models to numerically compute the distributions and their moments. Two distinct models are shown to perform well when compared with simulated data. Moreover, results obtained from the second model are compared with empirically generated lifetimes of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy specimens. The numerical experiments indicate that the proposed techniques are useful for remaining lifetime prognosis in both cases. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, ENS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, ENS, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jeffrey.Kharoufeh@afit.edu NR 22 TC 78 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0740-817X EI 1545-8830 J9 IIE TRANS JI IIE Trans. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 6 BP 533 EP 542 DI 10.1080/07408170590929009 PG 10 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 935PA UT WOS:000229793000004 ER PT J AU Conger, NG Hospenthal, DR AF Conger, NG Hospenthal, DR TI Current therapy for onychomycosis SO INFECTIONS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE onychomycosis; antifungal therapy; terbinafine; azoles ID TOENAIL ONYCHOMYCOSIS; COMBINATION THERAPY; NAIL LACQUER; DOUBLE-BLIND; ITRACONAZOLE; TERBINAFINE; AMOROLFINE; 8-PERCENT C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Conger, NG (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCP COMMUNICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 134 W 29TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001-5304 USA SN 0749-6524 J9 INFECT MED JI Infect. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 22 IS 6 BP 280 EP 283 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 935YY UT WOS:000229820500011 ER PT J AU Smith, JS Baughn, JW Byerley, AR AF Smith, JS Baughn, JW Byerley, AR TI Surface flow visualization using thermal tufts produced by an encapsulated phase change material SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND FLUID FLOW LA English DT Article DE tuft; flow visualization; phase change; infrared; liquid crystal; thermal AB A new thermal tuft method for flow visualization similar to the laser thermal tuft method is described. The earlier laser thermal tuft method involved heating a spot on a surface with a laser, producing a teardrop temperature distribution on a surface coated with thermochromic liquid crystals. In the present study, thermal tufts are produced by embedding small thermal masses in a low thermal conductivity substrate. When a model is exposed to wind tunnel flow, the embedded thermal masses remain (nearly) isothermal while the thermal tufts appear downstream. The advantage of using embedded thermal masses over previous methods is that no laser or heated base is needed. Multiple tufts can easily be achieved. By using an encapsulated phase change material the phase change between solid and liquid (ice) produces isothermal spots. Images of the surface temperature distributions associated with these thermal tufts were obtained using both liquid crystal and infrared thermography. Flow visualization using these thermal tufts is demonstrated for an impinging jet and on a flat surface in a wind tunnel with crossflow. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Baughn, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jason.s.smith@lmco.com; james.baughn@usafa.af.mil NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0142-727X J9 INT J HEAT FLUID FL JI Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow PD JUN PY 2005 VL 26 IS 3 BP 411 EP 415 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2004.10.004 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 921PY UT WOS:000228778000005 ER PT J AU Bletzinger, P Ganguly, BN Garscadden, A AF Bletzinger, P Ganguly, BN Garscadden, A TI Influence of dielectric barrier discharges on low Mach number shock waves at low to medium pressures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AFTERGLOW; PLASMA; GAS AB For shock wave propagation in nonequilibrium plasmas, it has been shown that when the electron Debye length exceeds the shock wave discontinuity dimension, strong double layers are generated, propagating with the shock wave. Strong double layer formation leads to the enhancement of the local excitation, ionization, and local neutral gas heating which increases the shock wave velocity. It is shown that dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) in pure N-2 also increase the shock wave velocity and broaden the shock wave. The DBD is considerably more energy efficient in producing these effects compared to a dc glow discharge and can operate over a wide pressure range. It is shown that these effects are also operative in the pure N-2 discharge afterglow, allowing a wide range of pulse repetition frequencies. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Bletzinger, P (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM peter.bletzinger@wpafb.af.mil NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 11 AR 113303 DI 10.1063/1.1922085 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 935SW UT WOS:000229804700012 ER PT J AU Park, H Rehg, MT Lee, D AF Park, H Rehg, MT Lee, D TI The influence of Confucian ethics and collectivism on whistleblowing intentions: A study of South Korean public employees SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS LA English DT Article DE confucian ethics; cultural attitudes; individualism-collectivism; Korea; whistleblowing intentions ID INDIVIDUALISM-COLLECTIVISM; BEHAVIOR; CULTURE; VALUES AB The current study presents the findings of an empirical inquiry into the effects of Confucian ethics and collectivism, on individual whistleblowing intentions. Confucian Ethics and Individualism-Collectivism were measured in a questionnaire completed by 343 public officials in South Korea. This study found that Confucian ethics had significant but mixed effects on whistleblowing intentions. The affection between father and son had a negative effect on internal and external whistleblowing intentions, while the distinction between the roles of husband and wife had a positive effect on those intentions. The effects of collectivism were also different depending on the specific types of collectivism. Horizontal collectivism had a positive effect on both types of whistleblowing intentions, whereas vertical collectivism did not show any significant effects on whistleblowing intentions. These results indicate that cultural traits such as Confucian ethics and collectivism may affect an individual's whistleblowing intentions in degree and direction, making blanket predictions about cultural effects on whistleblowing difficult. C1 Chung Ang Univ, Coll Social Sci, Program Publ Policy, Ansung 456756, Kyonggi Do, South Korea. USAF, Inst Technol, ENV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Park, H (reprint author), Chung Ang Univ, Coll Social Sci, Program Publ Policy, 72-1,Ne Ri,Dedug Myun, Ansung 456756, Kyonggi Do, South Korea. EM parkh@post.cau.ac.kr; Michael.Regh@afit.edu; inno386@dreamwiz.com NR 34 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4544 J9 J BUS ETHICS JI J. Bus. Ethics PD JUN PY 2005 VL 58 IS 4 BP 387 EP 403 DI 10.1007/s10551-004-5366-0 PG 17 WC Business; Ethics SC Business & Economics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 946RQ UT WOS:000230590300008 ER PT J AU Rogers, JE Hall, BC Hufnagle, DC Slagle, JE Ault, AP McLean, DG Fleitz, PA Cooper, TM AF Rogers, JE Hall, BC Hufnagle, DC Slagle, JE Ault, AP McLean, DG Fleitz, PA Cooper, TM TI Effect of platinum on the photophysical properties of a series of phenyl-ethynyl oligomers SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXCITED TRIPLET-STATES; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ALPHA,OMEGA-DIPHENYLPOLYYNES; PHENYLACETYLENE; SPECTRA; SPECTROSCOPY; SINGLET; YNES AB In this work we detail the photophysical properties of a series of butadiynes having the formula H - (C6H4 - C equivalent to C)(n)-(C equivalent to C-C6H4)(n)-H, n= 1-3 and ligands H-(C6H4-C equivalent to C)(n)-H, n= 1-3 and compare these to previous work done on a complimentary series of platinum-containing complexes having the formula trans-Pt[(PC4H9)(3)](2)[(C equivalent to C-C(6)H(4)d)(n)-H](2), n= 1-3. We are interested in understanding the role of the platinum in the photophysical properties. We found that there is conjugation through the platinum in the singlet states, but the triplet states show more complex behavior. The T-1 exciton, having metal-to-ligand charge-transfer character, is most likely confined to one ligand but the T-n exciton appears to have ligand-to-metal charge-transfer character. The platinum effect was largest when n= 1. When n= 2-3, the S-0-S-1, S-1-S-0, T-1-S-0, and T-1-T-n spectral properties of the platinum complex are less influenced by the metal, becoming equivalent to those of the corresponding butadiynes. When n= 1, platinum decreases the triplet state lifetime, but its effect diminishes as n increases to 2. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH USA. AT&T Corp, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. RP Cooper, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM thomas.cooper@wpafb.af.mil RI Ault, Andrew/E-4594-2011 OI Ault, Andrew/0000-0002-7313-8559 NR 40 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 21 AR 214708 DI 10.1063/1.1924450 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 934HT UT WOS:000229700600042 PM 15974763 ER PT J AU Frank, TE Krapac, IG Stark, TD Strack, GD AF Frank, TE Krapac, IG Stark, TD Strack, GD TI Long-term behavior of water content and density in an earthen liner SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID COMPACTED SOIL LINER; TRANSPORT AB An extensively instrumented compacted earthen liner was constructed at the Illinois State Geological Survey facility in Champaign, Ill. in 1987. A pond of water 0.31 m deep was maintained on top of the 73 m x 14.6 m x 0.9 m thick liner for 14 years. One of the goals of the project was to evaluate the long-term performance of a compacted earthen liner by monitoring the long-term changes in water content and density. The water content of the earthen liner showed no trend with depth or time. The liner density remained essentially constant from construction through excavation in 2002. The liner did not become fully saturated. Upon excavation of the liner, the degree of saturation was 80.0 +/- 6.3% after 14 years of ponding under a hydraulic head of 0.31 m. The results imply that properly designed and constructed earthen liners may reduce the possibility of pollutants leaching from municipal solid waste containment facilities by remaining partially saturated for years and maintaining the placement density. C1 USAF, Ft Walton Beach, FL 32548 USA. Illinois State Geol Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Minnesota Pollut Control Agcy, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. RP Frank, TE (reprint author), USAF, 300 Miracle Srip Pkwy,Unit 1A, Ft Walton Beach, FL 32548 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1090-0241 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 131 IS 6 BP 800 EP 803 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:6(800) PG 4 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 928HG UT WOS:000229261500013 ER PT J AU Dolan, JP Cook, JW Sheppard, BC AF Dolan, JP Cook, JW Sheppard, BC TI Retained common bile duct stone as a consequence of a fundus-first laparoscopic cholecystectomy SO JOURNAL OF LAPAROENDOSCOPIC & ADVANCED SURGICAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID OPERATIVE CHOLANGIOGRAPHY; CONVERSION; INJURIES AB The fundus-first technique for laparoscopic cholecystectomy provides an alternative to the conventional dissection technique in patients at high risk for conversion to open cholecystectomy or at risk for bile duct injury. We report the complication of a retained common bile duct (CBD) stone after utilizing this technique. Intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) was not performed due to the concern for causing CBD injury in a patient with significant periductal inflammation and no risk factors for CBD stones. Following discharge, the patient developed scleral icterus 3 days later and returned for evaluation. He required endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for removal of a CBD stone. None of the four series reporting on this technique have described this complication. It should now be recognized that there is a risk of displacing a gallstone into the CBD in utilizing this technique. This report highlights the importance of intraoperative imaging of the CBD when using this technique, even in patients considered to be at low risk for having CBD stones. If IOC is considered hazardous, then intraoperative ultrasound should be the modality of choice. C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Div Gen Surg, Dept Surg, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Dolan, JP (reprint author), SGCQ, 81MSGS,301 Fisher St,Room 1G-304, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. EM james.dolan@keesler.af.mil NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1092-6429 J9 J LAPAROENDOSC ADV S JI J. Laparoendosc. Adv. Surg. Tech. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 3 BP 318 EP 321 DI 10.1089/lap.2005.15.318 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 970II UT WOS:000232298100009 PM 15954837 ER PT J AU Lee, H Coutu, RA Mall, S Kladitis, PE AF Lee, H Coutu, RA Mall, S Kladitis, PE TI Nanoindentation technique for characterizing cantilever beam style RF microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switches SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID CONTACTS; FILMS AB A nanoindentation technique was used to mechanically actuate a radio frequency micro-switch along with the measurement of contact resistance to investigate its applicability to characterize deflection and contact resistance behaviors of micro-sized cantilever beam switches. The resulting load-displacement relationship showed a discontinuity in slope when the micro-switch closed. The measured spring constants reasonably agreed with theoretical values obtained from the simple beam models. The change in contact resistance during test clearly indicated micro-switch closure but it did not coincide exactly with the physical contact between two electric contacts due to a resistive contaminated film. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu RI Coutu, Ronald/I-7711-2014 NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1230 EP 1235 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/15/6/013 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 945LH UT WOS:000230503500013 ER PT J AU Mattice, WL Helfer, CA Rane, SS Von Meerwall, ED Farmer, BL AF Mattice, WL Helfer, CA Rane, SS Von Meerwall, ED Farmer, BL TI Some mechanisms for subtle influences of composition on the physical properties of stereochemical macromolecules SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE blends; poly(propylene) (PP); simulations; stereochemical composition; surfaces ID HIGH COORDINATION LATTICE; SATURATED-HYDROCARBON POLYMERS; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; BOND FLUCTUATION MODEL; ISOMERIC STATE CHAINS; POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE); THERMODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS; ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE; THIN-FILMS AB Coarse-grained chains can be designed so that they successfully capture subtle effects arising from the local covalent structure of real chains. Constraining the conformations of the coarse-grained chains with an appropriate rotational isomeric state model can achieve this objective. This claim has been documented by simulations of the dependence of the mixing behavior of polypropylene melts on the stereochemical composition of the chains; atactic polypropylene and isotactic polypropylene are miscible, but the replacement of either component with syndiotactic polypropylene can lead to immiscibility. This has also been documented by a comparison of simulations and infrared-visible sum frequency generation spectroscopy studies of the surface structures of atactic polystyrene and random copolymers of ethylene and propylene. The success of this method when the stereochemical composition is defined by side chains as small as CH3 suggests that it should also be applicable to other problems in which the influence of the stereochemical composition is less subtle because the stereochemistry is defined by larger side chains. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Akron, Inst Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Mattice, WL (reprint author), Univ Akron, Inst Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM wlm@polymer.uakron.edu NR 81 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 43 IS 11 BP 1271 EP 1282 DI 10.1002/polb.20411 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 925XQ UT WOS:000229087300001 ER PT J AU Sloan, B Meffert, JJ AF Sloan, B Meffert, JJ TI "Boot foot" with pseudomonas colonization SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv, Hlth Educ Consortium, Dept Dermatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Sloan, B (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv, Hlth Educ Consortium, Dept Dermatol, 59 MDW-MMID,2200 Berquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1109 EP 1110 DI 10.1016/j.jaad.2005.02.060 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 931VL UT WOS:000229513500038 PM 15928647 ER PT J AU Tzou, DY Chen, JK Beraun, JE AF Tzou, DY Chen, JK Beraun, JE TI Recent development of ultrafast thermoelasticity SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL STRESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Congress on Thermal Stresses CY MAY 26-29, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE electrons and phonons; femtosecond lasers; electron blast; ultrafast deformation ID HEAT-TRANSPORT EQUATION; FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEME; ULTRASHORT-PULSED LASERS; ITERATIVE SOLUTION; METALS; ABLATION; CONDUCTION; SEMICONDUCTORS; KINETICS; LATTICE AB Ultrafast deformation is caused by intense heating of femtosecond lasers that involve ultrafast energy exchange between electrons and metal lattices in the femto- to picosecond domain. This work outlines unique features including interactions between T-waves and stress waves in the femtosecond domain and the hot-electron blast that can destroy cold lattices before they become thermally excited. Dominating groups are identified to characterize the ultrafast thermomechanical response. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USAF, Laser Effects Res Branch, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Tzou, DY (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Tzour@missouri.edu NR 63 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-5739 J9 J THERM STRESSES JI J. Therm. Stresses PD JUN-JUL PY 2005 VL 28 IS 6-7 BP 563 EP 594 DI 10.1080/01495730590929359 PG 32 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 924US UT WOS:000229006600001 ER PT J AU Nicolaou, PD Semiatin, SL AF Nicolaou, PD Semiatin, SL TI An analysis of cavity growth during open-die hot forging of Ti-6Al-4V SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION; STRESS TRIAXIALITY; CAVITATION; BEHAVIOR; WORKING; WORKABILITY; TITANIUM; ALLOYS AB The effect of local deformation conditions on the cavitation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V during open-die forging was quantified using optical metallography and continuum finite-element-method (FEM) analysis of pancake forgings. The observations were interpreted using meso- and microscopic-scale models, which were used to predict the average cavity size as well the size of the largest cavities. The mesoscale model gave excellent predictions of the average cavity size at different locations of the workpiece, but grossly underestimated the size of the largest cavities by an order of magnitude. On the other hand, the micromechanical model, which accounted for the effect of local colony orientation on cavity growth, was capable of predicting the size of the largest cavities very well. Because the large cavities are the most deleterious with respect to subsequent processing and service performance, it was concluded that micromechanical models should be used to design primary hot working processes in order to minimize the size and number of such cavities. C1 S&B SA, Athens 10672, Greece. USA, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nicolaou, PD (reprint author), S&B SA, Athens 10672, Greece. EM p.nicolaou@sandb.com RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 24 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 36A IS 6 BP 1567 EP 1574 DI 10.1007/s11661-005-0248-3 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 932EM UT WOS:000229537000018 ER PT J AU Radloff, C Vaia, RA Brunton, J Bouwer, GT Ward, VK AF Radloff, C Vaia, RA Brunton, J Bouwer, GT Ward, VK TI Metal nanoshell assembly on a virus bioscaffold SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; GOLD NANOSHELLS; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; VIRAL CAGE; PROTEIN; NANOPARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY; ORGANIZATION; SENSITIVITY AB Chilo iridescent virus is demonstrated as a useful core substrate in the fabrication of metallodielectric, plasmonic nanostructures. A gold shell is assembled around the wild-type viral core by attaching small, 2-5-nm gold nanoparticles to the virus surface by means of the chemical functionality found inherently on the surface of the proteinaceous viral capsid. The density of these nucleation sites was maximized by reducing the repulsive forces between the gold particles through electrolyte addition. These gold nanoparticles then act as nucleation sites for the electroless deposition of gold ions from solution around the biotemplate. The optical extinction spectra of the metalloviral complex is in quantitative agreement with Mie scattering theory. Overall, the utilization of a native virus and the inherent chemical functionality of the capsid afford the ability to grow and harvest biotemplates for metallodielectric nanoshells in large quantities, potentially providing cores with a narrower size distribution and smaller diameters (below 80 nm) than for currently used silica. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Otago, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil NR 38 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1187 EP 1191 DI 10.1021/nl050658g PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 934SY UT WOS:000229729900035 PM 15943466 ER PT J AU Vaia, R AF Vaia, R TI Nanocomposites - Remote-controlled actuators SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT News Item C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vaia, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Richard.Vaia@wpafb.af.mil NR 7 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 4 IS 6 BP 429 EP 430 DI 10.1038/nmat1400 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 931RL UT WOS:000229502700005 PM 15928693 ER PT J AU Vander Weg, MW DeBon, M Peterson, AL Sherrill-Mittleman, D Klesges, RC Relyea, GE AF Vander Weg, MW DeBon, M Peterson, AL Sherrill-Mittleman, D Klesges, RC Relyea, GE TI Prevalence and correlates of lifetime smokeless tobacco use in female military recruits SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS; SMOKING-CESSATION; SENSATION-SEEKING; CIGARETTE SMOKERS; UNITED-STATES; PERSONALITY; PERSONNEL; ADOLESCENTS; YOUNG; ALCOHOL AB Although considerable research has been conducted on smokeless tobacco (ST) use in males, much less is known about the characteristics of female ST users. The present study examined the prevalence and correlates of lifetime ST use among female Air Force recruits (N=9,087). Participants were surveyed during Basic Military Training regarding their history of tobacco use and other health risk behaviors. Although the prevalence of current ST use was low (< 1 %; n = 34), 6.6% (n = 599) had tried ST. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that lifetime ST use was related to ethnicity, with Native Americans and Whites being most likely to have tried ST. Additional correlates of lifetime ST use included post-high-school education (OR= 1.26, 95% CI= 1.03-1.55); weekly acts of road rage (OR = 1.48, 95% CI= 1.06-2.06); frequent arguing (OR = 1.71, 95% CI= 1. 18-2.48); daily or near-daily alcohol consumption (OR=1.71, 95% CI=1.03-2.82); current cigarette use (OR=3.80, 95% CI=2.42-5.94); and experimental use of cigars (OR=4.01, 95% CI=3.22-5.01), pipes (OR=2.23, 95% CI=1.64-3.03), and clove cigarettes (OR=1.23, 95% CI=1.01-1.49), all of which were associated with an increased likelihood of ST use. Results suggest that female recruits who have ever used ST engage in a variety of risk behaviors including use of other tobacco products and alcohol, as well as additional harmful behaviors. C1 Mayo Clin, Nicotine Dependence Ctr Res Program, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Memphis, Ctr Community Hlth, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Vander Weg, MW (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Nicotine Dependence Ctr Res Program, Colonial Bldg B 9,200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. EM vanderweg.mark@mayo.edu OI Vander Weg, Mark/0000-0003-3631-0812 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL053478] NR 54 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 7 IS 3 BP 431 EP 441 DI 10.1080/14622200500125781 PG 11 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 967QG UT WOS:000232105700013 PM 16085511 ER PT J AU Hsieh, SJ Crane, R Sathishi, S AF Hsieh, Sheng-Jen Crane, Robert Sathishi, Shamachary TI Understanding and predicting electronic vibration stress using ultrasound excitation, thermal profiling, and neural network modeling SO NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE thermal profiles; ultrasonic; infrared; vibration stress; electronics; neural networks ID SIGNATURE AB Vibration stress is a major source for failure of electronics components. In this study, we used an ultrasonic/infrared system to generate vertical vibration of a microprocessor on a printed circuit board, in order to study the impact of short burst high load vibration stress on component integrity. The objectives of this research were to (1) understand the impact of vibration on electronic components under ultrasound excitation; (2) model the thermal profile presented under vibration stress; and (3) predict stress level given a thermal profile of an electronic component. Research tasks included: (1) retrofit of current ultrasonic/infrared nondestructive testing system with sensory devices for temperature readings; (2) design of software tool to process images acquired from the ultrasonic/infrared system; (3) developing hypotheses and conducting experiments; and (4) modeling and evaluation of electronic vibration stress levels using a neural network model. Results suggest that (1) an ultrasonic/infrared system can be used to mimic short burst high vibration loads for electronics components; (2) temperature readings for electronic components under vibration stress are consistent and repeatable; (3) as stress load and excitation time increase, temperature differences also increase; (4) components that are subjected to a relatively high prestress load, followed by a normal operating load, have a higher heating rate and lower cooling rate. These findings are based on grayscale changes in images captured during experimentation. Discriminating variables and a neural network model were designed to predict stress levels given temperature and/or grayscale readings. Results suggest a 15.3%a error when using grayscale change rate and 12.8% error when using average heating rate within the neural network model. Data were obtained from a high stress point (the corner) of the chip. C1 Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Hsieh, SJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, 3367 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM hsieh@tamu.edu NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-9759 EI 1477-2671 J9 NONDESTRUCT TEST EVA JI Nondestruct. Test. Eval. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 2 BP 89 EP 102 DI 10.1080/10589750500149149 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 077OE UT WOS:000240038400002 ER PT J AU Lynch, BA Dolan, JP Mann, M AF Lynch, BA Dolan, JP Mann, M TI Thyrotoxicosis after gastric bypass surgery prompting operative re-exploration SO OBESITY SURGERY LA English DT Article DE thyrotoxicosis; thyroid function; morbid obesity; gastric bypass; laparoscopy; bariatric surgery; surgical complication AB Background: In the last 10 years, gastric bypass has become an increasingly common operation performed by general surgeons. The complications resulting from this procedure can be life-threatening and are often difficult to diagnose, particularly in the immediate postoperative period. We detail a case of thyrotoxicosis manifesting on postoperative day 1 which presented with symptoms mimicking an anastomotic leak. The patient underwent a negative laparoscopy before the thyroid dysfunction was diagnosed. There is no evidence that bariatric surgery carries a greater risk of postoperative thyrotoxicosis than any other non-thyroid operation. Many of the symptoms of thyrotoxicosis, however, are similar to those of other surgery-related complications, and it should be immediately considered in the differential diagnosis of a postoperative bariatric patient with tachycardia and fever. Failure to rule out this condition may lead to unnecessary surgery. C1 MSGS, SGCQ, Dept Gen Surg, Keesler Med Ctr, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. RP Lynch, BA (reprint author), MSGS, SGCQ, Dept Gen Surg, Keesler Med Ctr, 301 Fisher St, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. EM bruce.lynch@keesler.af.mil NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU F D-COMMUNICATIONS INC PI TORONTO PA 3100 BAYVIEW AVE, UNIT 4, TORONTO, ONTARIO M2N 5L3, CANADA SN 0960-8923 J9 OBES SURG JI Obes. Surg. PD JUN-JUL PY 2005 VL 15 IS 6 BP 883 EP 885 DI 10.1381/0960892054222803 PG 3 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 939MR UT WOS:000230077600025 PM 15978164 ER PT J AU Gruneisen, MT Dymale, RC Rotge, JR DeSandre, LF Lubin, DL AF Gruneisen, MT Dymale, RC Rotge, JR DeSandre, LF Lubin, DL TI Wavelength-dependent characteristics of a telescope system with diffractive wavefront compensation SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE diffractive optics; reconfigurable diffractive optics; liquid-crystal devices; kinoform phase plates; computer-generated holography ID SPATIAL LIGHT-MODULATOR; HOLOGRAPHIC COMPENSATION; OPTICS AB Diffractive wavefront control with programmable optically efficient modulo lambda gratings was previously demonstrated as a means of extending the capabilities of a telescope system by compensating large aberrations associated with variations in object range and field angle within the telescope's field of regard. Inherent in diffraction phenomenon, however, are wavelength dependences that impose limitations on operating spectral bandwidths. This paper builds on past work integrating a programmable diffractive element of large pixel count with a telescope system. We present a theoretical evaluation of the wavelength-dependent performance characteristics of a modulo lambda diffractive aberration compensator and experimental demonstrations of wavelength-tunable and extended spectral bandwidth operation. Near-diffraction-limited-resolution imaging is demonstrated within the spectral operating limits imposed by diffraction theory. (c) 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Boeing LTS Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gruneisen, MT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 44 IS 6 AR 068002 DI 10.1117/1.1922287 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 974KS UT WOS:000232590900049 ER PT J AU Anderson, TN Lucht, RP Meyer, TR Roy, S Gord, JR AF Anderson, TN Lucht, RP Meyer, TR Roy, S Gord, JR TI Diode-laser-based ultraviolet-absorption sensor for high-speed detection of the hydroxyl-radical SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMBUSTION GASES; NITRIC-OXIDE; OH; BAND; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; FLAMES; H2O; CO2 AB A new diode-laser-based UV-absorption sensor for high-speed detection of the hydroxyl radical (OH) is described. The sensor is based on sum-frequency generation of UV radiation at 313.5 nm by mixing the output of a 763-nm distributed-feedback diode laser with that of a 532-nm high-power, diode-pumped, frequency-doubled Nd:YVO4 laser in a beta-barium borate crystal. Approximately 25 mu W of UV radiation is generated and used to probe rotational transitions in the A(2)Sigma(+) - X(2)Pi (v'= 0, v" = 0) electronic transition of OH. Single-sweep, single-pass measurements of temperature and OH concentration in a stoichiometric C2H4-air flame are demonstrated at rates up to 20 kHz. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Anderson, TN (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, 585 Purdue Mall, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM tanderson@purdue.edu RI Meyer, Terrence/F-1556-2011 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 30 IS 11 BP 1321 EP 1323 DI 10.1364/OL.30.001321 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 928GN UT WOS:000229259500023 PM 15981520 ER PT J AU Holt, DT Lofgren, ST AF Holt, DT Lofgren, ST TI Examination of the new environmental paradigm scale in a military sample SO PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS LA English DT Article AB The factor structure of the 12-item New Environmental Paradigm Scale was examined. A random sample of 900 active duty military members participated by completing a 35-item questionnaire measuring demographics and environmental attitudes. Using structural equation modeling techniques, three models consistent with the previous empirical work on which the scale's factor was based were compared. A correlated three-factor model was the most appropriate model for the data. C1 Univ N Carolina, USAF, ROTC Detachment 590, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Holt, DT (reprint author), USCENTAF, CMO, APO, AE 09309 USA. EM daniel.holt@afit.edu NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERCEPTUAL MOTOR SKILLS PI MISSOULA PA PO BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807 USA SN 0031-5125 J9 PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL JI Percept. Mot. Skills PD JUN PY 2005 VL 100 IS 3 BP 791 EP 794 DI 10.2466/PMS.100.3.791-794 PN 1 PG 4 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 938OS UT WOS:000230013300029 PM 16060444 ER PT J AU Szmulowicz, F AF Szmulowicz, F TI Solution to spurious bands and spurious real solutions in the envelope-function approximation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE-MASS APPROXIMATION; SUPERLATTICE ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; K-P THEORY; SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROSTRUCTURES; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; STATES; MICROSTRUCTURES; NANOSTRUCTURES; MODEL AB The envelope-function approximation (EFA) can suffer from the appearance of spurious bands and below-barrier propagating (nonnormalizable) wave functions whose origin are the spurious real solutions k(S) of the inverse k(z) vs E(k(parallel to),k(z)) problem in the k center dot p theory for coupled valence-conduction band manifolds. However, in the standard EFA, k(S) solutions are required mathematically in the construction of the envelope function in order to satisfy boundary conditions (BC's). Here, it is reasoned that the effect of spurious real solutions should not depend on variations in interface positions smaller than the distance between interface atoms. Away from interfaces, coherent superpositions of spurious real solutions that satisfy BC's for interface boundaries varying on the scale of k(S)(-1) (about 1 A-i.e., less than a typical interface width or the physical precision of defining an interface) are shown to suffer a total destructive interference. In the interfacial region, the rapid oscillations of spurious solutions carry no physical information, so they can be replaced with exponentials that decay within the oscillation period of the spurious real solutions so that spurious bands and nonnormalizability are eliminated. The resulting envelope functions remain continuous across interfaces The present solution holds for any number of bands, any order of k center dot p theory, and is also applicable to the EFA with generalized BC's. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Szmulowicz, F (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 24 AR 245117 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.245117 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IU UT WOS:000230276900043 ER PT J AU Seaman, JS Bowers, SP Dixon, P Schindler, L AF Seaman, JS Bowers, SP Dixon, P Schindler, L TI Dissolution of common psychiatric medications in a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass model SO PSYCHOSOMATICS LA English DT Article AB Large numbers of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery patients have psychiatric illnesses that are in part treated with medication preoperatively, but there are no objective data to guide psychiatric drug dosing postoperatively. An in vitro drug dissolution model was developed to approximate the gastrointestinal environment of the preoperative ( control) and post-RYGB states. Medication tablets were placed in the two environments, and the median calculated weights of the dissolved portions were compared. Ten of 22 psychiatric medication preparations had significantly less dissolution and two had significantly greater dissolution in the post-RYGB environment, compared with the control environment. The results suggest a need for an in vivo study of serum drug levels after RYGB surgery in patients taking psychiatric medications. Differences in the pharmacokinetics of the postoperative RYGB patient may necessitate adjustments in dosing. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Clin Pharm, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Bariatr Surg Clin, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Seaman, JS (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Psychiat, 10204 Green Valley Rd, Oklahoma City, OK 73151 USA. EM jeff-seaman@ouhsc.edu NR 8 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0033-3182 J9 PSYCHOSOMATICS JI Psychosomatics PD JUN PY 2005 VL 46 IS 3 BP 250 EP 253 DI 10.1176/appi.psy.46.3.250 PG 4 WC Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 924QP UT WOS:000228994600007 PM 15883146 ER PT J AU Trohalaki, S Pachter, R AF Trohalaki, S Pachter, R TI Prediction of melting points for ionic liquids SO QSAR & COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th European Symposium on Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships and Molecular Modelling CY SEP 05-10, 2004 CL Istanbul, TURKEY DE ionic liquids; melting point prediction; QSPR; quantitative structure-property relationships ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; QSPR; BROMIDES; ALKANES AB Melting points are important for the specific application of ionic liquids. Although many different ionic liquids are possible, melting points are known only for relatively few. Derivation of melting point QSPRs (Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships) for ionic liquids would therefore greatly aid in the molecular design of new compounds. A new class of ionic liquids, based on 1-substituted-4-amino-1,2,4-triazolium bromide, nitrate. and nitrocyanamide salts were recently synthesized and their melting points measured. After optimizing the molecular geometries of the cations of the ionic liquids using ab initio quantum chemical methods, we derived melting-point QSPRs from molecular orbital and electrostatic descriptors. Good correlations with the experimental data were found. The correlation coefficients for three-parameter melting-point QSPRs exceed 0.8. Although some of the descriptors that appear in our QSPRs were designed to describe chemical reactions, we infer that they serve in this study to quantify interactions between the cation and anion or between the cations. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Trohalaki, S (reprint author), Anteon Corp, 5100 Springfield Pike, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. NR 29 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1611-020X J9 QSAR COMB SCI JI QSAR Comb. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 4 BP 485 EP 490 DI 10.1002/qsar.200430927 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 937XE UT WOS:000229958900007 ER PT J AU Childs, JD Piva, SR Fritz, JM AF Childs, JD Piva, SR Fritz, JM TI Responsiveness of the numeric pain rating scale in patients with low back pain SO SPINE LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; CLINICALLY IMPORTANT DIFFERENCE; OSWESTRY DISABILITY INDEX; INTRAINDIVIDUAL CHANGES; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; OUTCOME MEASURES; VISUAL ANALOG; HEALTH-STATUS; RELIABILITY; RECOMMENDATIONS AB Study Design. Cohort study of patients with low back pain ( LBP) receiving physical therapy. Objective. To examine the responsiveness characteristics of the numerical pain rating scale ( NPRS) in patients with LBP using a variety of methods. Summary of Background Data. Although several studies have assessed the reliability and validity of the NPRS, few studies have characterized its responsiveness in patients with LBP. Methods. Determination of change on the NPRS during 1 and 4 weeks was examined by calculating mean change, standardized effect size, Guyatt Responsiveness Index, area under a receiver operating characteristic curve, minimum clinically important difference, and minimum detectable change. Change in the NPRS from baseline to the 1 and 4- week follow- up was compared to the average of the patient and therapist's perceived improvement using the 15- point Global Rating of Change scale. Results. The majority of patients had clinically meaningful improvement after both 1 and 4 weeks of rehabilitation. The standard error of measure was equal to 1.02, corresponding to a minimum detectable change of 2 points. The area under the curve at the 1 and 4- week follow- up was 0.72 ( 0.62, 0.81) and 0.92 ( 0.86, 0.97), respectively. The minimum clinically important difference at the 1 and 4- week follow- up corresponded to a change of 2.2 and 1.5 points, respectively. Conclusions. Clinicians can be confident that a 2- point change on the NPRS represents clinically meaningful change that exceeds the bounds of measurement error. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Childs, JD (reprint author), 508 Thurber Dr, Schertz, TX 78154 USA. EM childsjd@bigfoot.com RI Comba, Valentina/G-6210-2014 NR 34 TC 326 Z9 331 U1 1 U2 17 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 30 IS 11 BP 1331 EP 1334 DI 10.1097/01.brs.0000164099.92112.29 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 932HX UT WOS:000229545900017 PM 15928561 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A AF Hedrick, A TI Designing a strength and conditioning facility at the United States Air Force Academy SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE facility design; equipment selection AB Outstanding strength and conditioning facilities are a requirement at any institution competing at the NCAA Division I (D-I) level. In our situation, most of our athletes would be considered deficient in some area (size, speed, and athleticism) by normal D-I standards. The challenge is to take these athletes and develop them so that we can compete at the D-I level, and facilities play an important part in this challenge. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 27 IS 3 BP 64 EP 68 PG 5 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 935DC UT WOS:000229758600011 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A AF Hedrick, A TI Learning from each other: Keeping the weight room clean SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material AB This column discusses methods used by college strength coaches to keep the weight room clean. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM ARHedrick@Adelphia.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 27 IS 3 BP 88 EP 89 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 935DC UT WOS:000229758600017 ER PT J AU Hu, JJ Jo, SH Ren, ZF Voevodin, AA Zabinski, JS AF Hu, JJ Jo, SH Ren, ZF Voevodin, AA Zabinski, JS TI Tribological behavior and graphitization of carbon nanotubes grown on 440C stainless steel SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotube; tribology; friction coefficient; graphitization; SEM; Raman; plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition ID FRICTIONAL BEHAVIOR; THIN-FILMS; C-60; COMPOSITES; RAMAN; NANOCOMPOSITES; GRAPHITE; SURFACES; BEARING; ARRAYS AB Vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays were directly grown onto 440C stainless steel substrates by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Tribological properties of both short and long CNTs samples were studied under normal loads of 10 g, 25 g and 100 g. The CNTs had a steady-state friction coefficient of about 0.2 in humid air. In dry nitrogen, a friction of 0.2 was measured under a load of 10 g while high friction was measured at 25 g and 100 g loads. No significant variation of tribological behavior was measured between the short and long CNTs samples. SEM observations showed that rubbing caused the CNTs to align or lay down along the wear scar. They formed aggregates and were compressed by rubbing, which resulted in layer-structured graphite formations. SEM observation of the wear scars revealed loss of CNT structures accompanied by the appearance of dark areas. Micro Raman spectroscopic studies demonstrated that the dark areas were graphitized CNTs. Shear stress aligned the basal planes of the small graphene sheets in the CNT layers to the low friction orientation and eventually caused formation of more ordered graphite. The tribological formation of interfacial carbon layers increased with increasing stress from higher loads. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Hu, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLBT, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jianjun.Hu@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013; Ren, Zhifeng/B-4275-2014 NR 32 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 43 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 19 IS 2 BP 119 EP 125 DI 10.1007/s11249-005-5091-6 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 939NS UT WOS:000230080300007 ER PT J AU Eckel, FA Mass, CF AF Eckel, FA Mass, CF TI Aspects of effective mesoscale, short-range ensemble forecasting SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION; MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLE; PREDICTION SYSTEM; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; MODEL ERROR; WEATHER; PREDICTABILITY; PERTURBATIONS; VERIFICATION; PERSPECTIVE AB This study developed and evaluated a short-range ensemble forecasting (SREF) system with the goal of producing useful, mesoscale forecast probability (FP). Real-time, 0-48-h SREF predictions were produced and analyzed for 129 cases over the Pacific Northwest. Eight analyses from different operational forecast centers were used as initial conditions for running the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU-NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5). Model error is a large source of forecast uncertainty and must be accounted for to maximize SREF utility, particularly for mesoscale, sensible weather phenomena. Although inclusion of model diversity improved FP skill (both reliability and resolution) and increased dispersion toward statistical consistency, dispersion remained inadequate. Conversely, systematic model errors (i.e., biases) must be removed from an SREF since they contribute to forecast error but not to forecast uncertainty. A grid-based, 2-week, running-mean bias correction was shown to improve FP skill through 1) better reliability by adjusting the ensemble mean toward the mean of the verifying analysis, and 2) better resolution by removing unrepresentative ensemble variance. Comparison of the multimodel (each member uses a unique model) and varied-model (each member uses a unique version of MM5) approaches indicated that the multimodel SREF exhibited greater dispersion and superior performance. It was also found that an ensemble of unequally likely members can be skillful as long as each member occasionally performs well. Finally, smaller grid spacing led to greater ensemble spread as smaller scales of motion were modeled. This study indicates substantial utility in current SREF systems and suggests several avenues for further improvement. C1 USAF, Weather Agcy, Omaha, NE USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Eckel, FA (reprint author), 106 Peacekeeper Sr,STE 2N3, Offutt AFB, NE 68113 USA. EM tony.eckel@afwa.af.mil NR 38 TC 134 Z9 139 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 328 EP 350 DI 10.1175/WAF843.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 941FD UT WOS:000230199800007 ER PT J AU Meng, S Kyu, T Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL Bunning, TJ AF Meng, S Kyu, T Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL Bunning, TJ TI Holographic photopolymerization-induced phase separation in reference to the phase diagram of a mixture of photocurable monomer and nematic liquid crystal SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID PATTERN-PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; POLYMER; GRATINGS; MORPHOLOGY; DIFFUSION; MODEL; REFLECTION AB Theoretical investigation on pattern photopolymerization has been undertaken in various coexistence regions of a mixture of photocurable monomer and nematic liquid crystal. The phase diagram of the mixtures is constructed in accordance with a combined Flory-Huggins (FH) free energy of isotropic mixing and the Maier-Saupe (MS) free energy of nematic ordering. The pattern formation dynamics of holographic photopolymerization has been explored in conjunction with the phase diagram of the starting mixture of monomer and nematic liquid crystal. To mimic the evolution of holographic structure, the combined FH and MS free energy is incorporated into the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (model C) equations coupled with the photopolymerization kinetic equation. The morphology evolution and mechanisms have been investigated in relation to the situations whether the system should remain in the single phase after photopolymerization or be thrust into the two-phase region. Of particular significance is that the diffraction efficiency (DE) of gratings, a key property in electrooptical applications, can be monitored in-situ during photopatterning. In the gratings of inhomogeneous structures, scattering occurs due to the interparticle interference, which needs to be accounted for in the evaluation of the DE. A fast Fourier transformation (FFT) technique of the emerging morphological domains of the holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals uniquely provides the simultaneous determination of the diffraction peaks from the holographic layers as well as scattering from the internal LC domains; thereby, the DE correction is feasible. The simulated patterns and the trends of diffraction efficiency evolution are compared with experimental observations. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kyu, T (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM tkyu@uakron.edu NR 33 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 31 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 11 BP 4844 EP 4854 DI 10.1021/ma0480906 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 932EE UT WOS:000229536200042 ER PT J AU Novotny, O Mitchell, JBA LeGarrec, JL Florescu-Mitchell, AI Rebrion-Rowe, C Svendsen, A El Ghazaly, MA Andersen, LH Ehlerding, A Viggiano, AA Hellberg, F Thomas, RD Zhaunerchyk, V Geppert, WD Montaigne, H Kaminska, M Osterdahl, F Larsson, M AF Novotny, O Mitchell, JBA LeGarrec, JL Florescu-Mitchell, AI Rebrion-Rowe, C Svendsen, A El Ghazaly, MA Andersen, LH Ehlerding, A Viggiano, AA Hellberg, F Thomas, RD Zhaunerchyk, V Geppert, WD Montaigne, H Kaminska, M Osterdahl, F Larsson, M TI The dissociative recombination of fluorocarbon ions: II. CF+ SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC STATES; SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES; RADIATIVE LIFETIMES; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-IONS; STORAGE-RING; HEH+; DISTRIBUTIONS; BEAM AB The dissociative recombination and excitation of CF+ have been measured at the ASTRID and CRYRING storage rings. Though examination of the available potential energy curves would suggest that the recombination rate would be large for this ion, in fact a rate constant of 5.2 +/- 1.0 x 10(-8) (T-e/300)(-0.8) cm(3) s(-1) was found. The recombination cross section at low energies falls off to a minimum at 0.5 eV centre-of-mass collision energy but exhibits resonances at energies above this. The dissociative excitation cross section leading to C+ + F was also measured and this displays an onset beginning at about 7 eV. C1 Univ Rennes 1, PALMS, CNRS, UMR 6627, F-35042 Rennes, France. Charles Univ Prague, Dept Elect & Vacuum Phys, Fac Math & Phys, Prague 8, Czech Republic. Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Jan Kochanowski Univ Humanities & Sci, PL-25406 Kielce, Poland. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Novotny, O (reprint author), Univ Rennes 1, PALMS, CNRS, UMR 6627, F-35042 Rennes, France. EM mitchell@univ-rennes1.fr RI Novotny, Oldrich/K-6691-2013; Svendsen, Annette/G-9893-2014; El Ghazaly, Mohamed/E-9896-2015; Zhaunerchyk, Vitali/E-9751-2016 OI Novotny, Oldrich/0000-0003-2520-343X; El Ghazaly, Mohamed/0000-0002-0916-7558; NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD MAY 28 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 10 BP 1471 EP 1482 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/38/10/006 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 943SL UT WOS:000230374500014 ER PT J AU Koerner, H Liu, WD Alexander, M Mirau, P Dowty, H Vaia, RA AF Koerner, H Liu, WD Alexander, M Mirau, P Dowty, H Vaia, RA TI Deformation-morphology correlations in electrically conductive carbon nanotube thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE nanocomposites; elastomer; multiwall carbon nanotube ID NANOLAYER REINFORCEMENT; SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; ELASTIC COMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR; CRYSTALLIZATION; STRAIN; MATRIX; MONTMORILLONITE; MANIPULATION AB Addition of small amounts (0.5-10 vol%) of multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNT) to thermoplastic elastomer Morthane produced polymer nanocomposites with high electrical conductivity (sigma similar to 1-10 S/cm), low electrical percolation (phi similar to 0.005) and enhancement of mechanical properties including increased modulus and yield stress without loss of the ability to stretch the elastomer above 1000% before rupture. In situ X-ray scattering during deformation indicated that these mechanical enhancements arise not only from the CNTs, but also from their impact on soft-segment crystallization. The deformation behavior after yielding of the nanocomposites, irrespective of CNT concentration, is similar to the unfilled elastomer, implying that the mechanistics of large deformation is mainly governed by the matrix. The relative enhancement of the Young's modulus of the nanocomposites is comparable to other elastomeric nanocomposites, implying that to the first order specific chemical details of the elastomeric system is unimportant. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@afrl.af.mil NR 60 TC 220 Z9 228 U1 8 U2 98 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD MAY 26 PY 2005 VL 46 IS 12 BP 4405 EP 4420 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.02.025 PG 16 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 933BH UT WOS:000229598400048 ER PT J AU Justice, RS Schaefer, DW Vaia, RA Tomlin, DW Bunning, TJ AF Justice, RS Schaefer, DW Vaia, RA Tomlin, DW Bunning, TJ TI Interface morphology and phase separation in polymer-dispersed liquid crystal composites SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE small-angle X-ray scattering; interface morphology; PIPS ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; ELECTROOPTIC PROPERTIES; MONOMER FUNCTIONALITY; GRATINGS; FILMS AB It is widely appreciated that electro-optic activity in polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) depends on separation of the polymer and liquid crystal (LC) phases. Since the phase structure develops in a non-equilibrium system, the morphology of the LC domains depends on the details of the chemical and physical processes active during domain formation. The nature of the interface between the polymer and liquid crystal phases is of particular interest. This work discusses the two-phase morphology in an acrylate-based system that develops during polymerization-induced phase separation (PIPS). Using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS), we find that interfaces in PDLCs developed from an acrylate-based recipe are more disordered than generally appreciated. Information gained from SAXS and USAXS is compared to data from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To elucidate the apparent discrepancies between imaging and scattering, we investigated the effects of SEM sample preparation. We observe significant alteration of the interface morphology due to the leaching of the LC phase. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Schaefer, DW (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, POB 210012, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dale.schaefer@uc.edu RI USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013 NR 19 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD MAY 26 PY 2005 VL 46 IS 12 BP 4465 EP 4473 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.02.029 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 933BH UT WOS:000229598400054 ER PT J AU Chun, YB Yu, SH Semiatin, SL Hwang, SK AF Chun, YB Yu, SH Semiatin, SL Hwang, SK TI Effect of deformation twinning on microstructure and texture evolution during cold rolling of CP-titanium SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE titanium; cold rolling; microstructure; texture; deformation twinning ID INDEPENDENT SLIP SYSTEMS; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; RECRYSTALLIZATION; ZR; ZIRCONIUM; ALLOYS; METALS; SHEET; GRAIN AB The evolution of microstructure and texture during cold rolling of commercial-purity titanium (CP-Ti) was studied with particular reference to deformation twinning and dislocation slip. For low to intermediate deformation up to 40% in thickness reduction, the external strain was accommodated by slip and deformation twinning. In this stage, both compressive ((1122) (112 3)) and tensile ({10 12} {10 11}) twins, as well as, secondary twins and tertiary twins were activated in the grains of favorable orientation, and this resulted in a heterogeneous microstructure in which grains were refined in local areas. For heavy deformation, between 60 and 90%, slip overrode twinning and shear bands developed. The crystal texture of deformed specimens was weakened by twinning but was strengthened by slip, resulting in a split-basal texture in heavily deformed specimens. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inha Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Inchon 402751, South Korea. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hwang, SK (reprint author), Inha Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, 253 Yonghyun Dong, Inchon 402751, South Korea. EM skhwang2@inha.ac.kr RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 32 TC 133 Z9 138 U1 7 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAY 25 PY 2005 VL 398 IS 1-2 BP 209 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.03.019 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 938KH UT WOS:000229998100026 ER PT J AU Boieriu, P Grein, CH Jung, HS Garland, J Nathan, V AF Boieriu, P Grein, CH Jung, HS Garland, J Nathan, V TI Arsenic activation in molecular beam epitaxy grown, in situ doped HgCdTe(211) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION AB Photovoltaic p-n junctions are the most significant active components of both current infrared photodetectors and advanced ones being developed. It is of the utmost importance to control both p- and n-type extrinsic doping. This letter addresses the issue of activating arsenic as a p-type dopant of Hg1-xCdxTe at temperatures sufficiently low that the integrity of p-n junctions and the intrinsic advantages of molecular beam epitaxy as a growth technique will not be compromised. The p-type activation of arsenic in (211)B Hg1-xCdxTe is reported after a two-stage anneal at temperatures below 300 &DEG; C for Cd compositions suitable for the sensing of long wavelength infrared radiation. © 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 EPIR Technol Inc, Bolingbrook, IL 60440 USA. USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Boieriu, P (reprint author), EPIR Technol Inc, Bolingbrook, IL 60440 USA. EM pboieriu@epir.com NR 10 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 23 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 21 AR 212106 DI 10.1063/1.1940119 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 932HG UT WOS:000229544200050 ER PT J AU Scrymgeour, DA Tian, L Gopalan, V Chauvin, D Schepler, KL AF Scrymgeour, DA Tian, L Gopalan, V Chauvin, D Schepler, KL TI Phased-array electro-optic steering of large aperture laser beams using ferroelectrics SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEFLECTOR; PROPAGATION; SCANNERS; LINBO3; LITAO3; LIGHT AB We present a device concept for scanning large (> 1 cm) laser beams using a domain microengineered ferroelectric device. In our design, the large input beam is divided into smaller beamlets, which are then individually deflected through an angle, and then recombined in the far-field to reconstruct the large beam. As a demonstration of this concept, a five-stage cascaded rectangular domain micropatterned scanner device with 13 beamlet channels was fabricated in LiTaO3 and was demonstrated to deflect a 1.064 μ m infrared laser beam by a total of 10.3&DEG; at 5.39 kV/mm. © 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gopalan, V (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM vgopalan@psu.edu RI Scrymgeour, David/C-1981-2008; OI Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 23 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 21 AR 211113 DI 10.1063/1.1935033 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 932HG UT WOS:000229544200013 ER PT J AU Olowolafe, JO Solomon, JS Mitchel, W Lampert, WV AF Olowolafe, JO Solomon, JS Mitchel, W Lampert, WV TI Thermal and electrical properties of Au/B4C, Ni/B4C, and Ta/Si contacts to silicon carbide SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE silicon carbide; boron carbide; gold; tantalum ID OHMIC CONTACTS; PLANAR DEVICES AB The role of silicon and boron carbide interface layers on thermal stability and electrical properties of tantalum, gold, and nickel contacts to 6H- and 4H-n-silicon carbide are presented in this report. Thin Ta/Si, Au/B4C, and Ni/B4C layers were deposited on SiC using electron-beam evaporation or sputter-deposition techniques. The structures were annealed either in ultra-high vacuum or in N-H ambient, at temperatures ranging from about 400 to 1150 degrees C. The samples were characterized using atomic force microscopy for surface topography, auger electron spectrometry for depth profiling, and glancing angle X-ray diffraction for microstructure and phase identification analyses. Transmission line model structures for current-voltage measurements and contact resistance evaluation were prepared using photolithography and lift-off techniques. Our results indicate that Ta in the Ta/SiC system decomposes SiC at about 800 degrees C, forming tantalum carbide with the accumulation of silicon at the TaC/SiC interface. In the Ta/Si/SiC system decomposition of SiC also occurs about the same temperature resulting in the structure TaC/Si/SiC. The Au/B4C/SiC system appears to be the most thermally stable with the lowest specific contact resistance of about 1 x 10(-6) Omega cm(2) for samples heat-treated above 1050 degrees C for 30 min. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL ML, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Olowolafe, JO (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM olowolaf@ee.udel.edu NR 16 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAY 23 PY 2005 VL 479 IS 1-2 BP 59 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2004.11.188 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 916FZ UT WOS:000228372100008 ER PT J AU Childs, JD Fritz, JM Flynn, TW AF Childs, JD Fritz, JM Flynn, TW TI Treatments for back pain SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID MANIPULATION; EXERCISE C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Schertz, TX 78154 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. Regis Univ, Denver, CO 80221 USA. RP Childs, JD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Schertz, TX 78154 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAY 17 PY 2005 VL 142 IS 10 BP 874 EP 875 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 926CE UT WOS:000229099600019 PM 15897545 ER PT J AU Taylor, EW Nichter, JE Nash, FD Haas, F Szep, AA Michalak, RJ Flusche, BM Cook, PR McEwen, TA McKeon, BF Payson, PM Brost, GA Pirich, AR Castaneda, C Tsap, B Fetterman, HR AF Taylor, EW Nichter, JE Nash, FD Haas, F Szep, AA Michalak, RJ Flusche, BM Cook, PR McEwen, TA McKeon, BF Payson, PM Brost, GA Pirich, AR Castaneda, C Tsap, B Fetterman, HR TI Radiation resistance of electro-optic polymer-based modulators SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHROMOPHORE; IRRADIATION; GAMMA; BEAM AB Mach-Zehnder interferometric electro-optic polymer modulators composed of highly nonlinear phenyltetraene bridge-type chromophores within an amorphous polycarbonate host matrix were investigated for their resistance to gamma rays and 25.6 MeV protons. No device failures were observed and the majority of irradiated modulators exhibited decreases in half-wave voltage and optical insertion losses compared to nonirradiated control samples undergoing aging processes. Irradiated device responses were attributed to scission, cross-linking, and free volume processes. The data suggests that strongly poled devices are less likely to de-pole under the influence of ionizing radiation. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Int Photon Consultants, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Pacfic Wave Ind, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Taylor, EW (reprint author), Int Photon Consultants, 30 Tierra Monte NE, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. EM Intphoton@aol.com NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 16 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 20 AR 201122 DI 10.1063/1.1927713 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 930EG UT WOS:000229398000022 ER PT J AU Del Sesto, RE Corley, C Robertson, A Wilkes, JS AF Del Sesto, RE Corley, C Robertson, A Wilkes, JS TI Tetraalkylphosphonium-based ionic liquids SO JOURNAL OF ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Phosphorus Chemistry CY JUL 04-09, 2004 CL Birmingham, ENGLAND DE ionic liquids; molten salt; physical properties; phosphonium salts; viscosity; room temperature ionic liquids ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL PROPERTIES; PHOSPHONIUM SALTS; DERIVATIVES; CATALYSIS; SOLVENTS AB Ionic liquids are salts that are liquid at or near room temperature. Their wide liquid range, good thermal stability, and very low vapor pressure make them attractive for numerous applications. The general approach to creating ionic liquids is to employ a large, unreactive, low symmetry cation with and an anion that largely controls the physical and chemical properties. The most common cations used in ionic liquids are N-alkylpyridinium and N,N'-dialkylimidazolium. Another very effective cation for the creation of ionic liquids is tetraalkylphosphonium, [PR1R2R3R4](+). The alkyl groups, R-n, generally are large and not all the same. The halide salts of several phosphonium cations are available as starting materials for metathesis reactions used to prepare ionic liquids. The large phosphonium cations can combine with relatively large anions to make viscous but free flowing liquids with formula mass greater than 1000 g mol(-1). Some other more massive salts are waxes and glasses. The synthesis and the physical, chemical, and optical properties of phosphonium-ionic liquids having anions with a wide range of masses were measured and are reported here. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Cytec Canada Inc, Niagara Falls, ON L2E 6T4, Canada. RP Wilkes, JS (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Chem, 2355 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2N225, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM john.wilkes@usafa.af.mil NR 21 TC 157 Z9 157 U1 10 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-328X J9 J ORGANOMET CHEM JI J. Organomet. Chem. PD MAY 16 PY 2005 VL 690 IS 10 BP 2536 EP 2542 DI 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2004.09.060 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 930CG UT WOS:000229392800018 ER PT J AU Hsiao, VKS Lu, CG He, GS Pan, M Cartwright, AN Prasad, PN Jakubiak, R Vaia, RA Bunning, TJ AF Hsiao, VKS Lu, CG He, GS Pan, M Cartwright, AN Prasad, PN Jakubiak, R Vaia, RA Bunning, TJ TI High contrast switching of distributed-feedback lasing in dye-doped H-PDLC transmission grating structures SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID DISPERSED LIQUID-CRYSTALS; PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; POLYMER; EMISSION; LASERS AB Electrically switched distributed-feedback (DFB) lasing action is presented in a Pyrromethene 580 lasing dye-doped holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (H-PDLC) transmission grating structure. This design, when compared with the previously utilized H-PDLC reflection grating structure, has the advantage of a greatly enlarged gain length ( 10 mm) and a low concentration of liquid crystal (20%) while maintaining sufficient refractive index modulation. The experimental results demonstrate that the emitted laser bandwidth (similar to 5 nm) can be obtained with a pump energy threshold of similar to 0.3 mJ at three different wavelengths, 561 nm, 569 nm and 592 nm, corresponding to three different grating spacings. The near- and far-field measurements have shown a high directionality of the lasing output. The lasing can be electrically switched off by an applied field of 30V/mu m. The temporal, spectral, and output/input properties of the laser output are also presented. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Inst Laser Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hsiao, VKS (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Inst Laser Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM anc@buffalo.edu RI Cartwright, Alexander/C-4380-2008 OI Cartwright, Alexander/0000-0002-0921-8036 NR 16 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 16 PY 2005 VL 13 IS 10 BP 3787 EP 3794 DI 10.1364/OPEX.13.003787 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 926RS UT WOS:000229140900023 PM 19495285 ER PT J AU Eckart, RE Shry, EA Jones, SO Atwood, E Grabenstein, JD AF Eckart, RE Shry, EA Jones, SO Atwood, E Grabenstein, JD TI Comparison of clinical presentation of acute myocarditis following smallpox vaccination to acute coronary syndromes in patients < 40 years of age SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFARCTION AB Smallpox vaccine-associated myopericarditis may have a similar presentation to acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The clinical records of 78 young patients (< 40 years of age) presenting with ACS (n = 16) or myocarditis after smallpox vaccination (n = 62) were reviewed. Comparisons were made among clinical presentation, cardiac enzymes, echocardiographic findings, and electrocardiographic changes. The presence of cardiac risk factors or focal wall motion abnormalities on echocardiography were associated with a diagnosis of ACS. There was a trend toward earlier elevation of troponin-I and creatine kinase in patients with myocarditis compared with ACS. (c) 2005 by Excerpta Medica Inc. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Mil Vaccine Agcy, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Eckart, RE (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Cardiac Arrhythmia Serv, Div Cardiovasc, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM robert.eckart@us.army.mil NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 10 BP 1252 EP 1255 DI 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.01.061 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 927TJ UT WOS:000229223100025 PM 15878006 ER PT J AU Landrum, ML Conger, NG Forgione, MA AF Landrum, ML Conger, NG Forgione, MA TI Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia osteomyelitis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID IN-VITRO ACTIVITY; TIME-KILL; QUINOLONES; MULTICENTER; THERAPY C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AF Base, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Keesler Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Keesler AF Base, Biloxi, MS USA. RP Landrum, ML (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AF Base, 59MDW MMII,2200 Bergquist Dr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM michael.landrum@lackland.af.mil NR 9 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1551 EP 1552 DI 10.1086/429730 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 917MG UT WOS:000228465500030 PM 15844086 ER PT J AU Brown, MS Forlines, RA Ganguly, BN AF Brown, MS Forlines, RA Ganguly, BN TI Measurement of CH density in a pulsed-dc hydrocarbon-gas-mixture discharge SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; CROSS-SECTIONS; PLASMA; METHANE; FLAMES; SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION AB Optical and electrical measurements are performed in methane/diluent mixtures in a 250-ns pulsed-dc discharge using a fast-rise-time pulser. In particular, emission and laser-induced-fluorescence studies of CH produced by direct-electron-impact dissociation reveal the postdissociation kinetics of CH as well as a means of estimating the CH density. In a 20-Torr 10% /20% /70% mixture of argon/methane/nitrogen, the instantaneous CH density is determined to be 2.1 x 10(13) cm(-3) at the end of the steady-state voltage and current condition. Kinetics analysis reveals that neutral chemistry with methane is the largest loss process for the CH fragments. Analysis of N-2(C-B) rotational temperatures indicates that less than 30% of the input electrical energy is deposited as heat in the gas, with the balance going toward dissociation, excitation of internal molecular states, and ionization. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brown, MS (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM michael.brown@wpafb.af.mil NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 103302 DI 10.1063/1.1891276 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TO UT WOS:000230168100016 ER PT J AU Huang, MQ Turgut, Z Wheeler, B Lee, D Liu, S Ma, BM Peng, YG Chu, SY Laughlin, DE Horwath, JC Fingers, RT AF Huang, MQ Turgut, Z Wheeler, B Lee, D Liu, S Ma, BM Peng, YG Chu, SY Laughlin, DE Horwath, JC Fingers, RT TI Fully dense anisotropic nanocomposite Sm(Co,Fe,Zr,Cu,B)(z) (z=7.5-12) magnets SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, ASTM Int, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID MICROSTRUCTURE; COERCIVITY; RIBBONS AB Fully dense anisotropic nanocomposite Sm(CO0.58Fe0.31Zr0.05Cu0.04B0.02)(z) (z=7.5-12) magnets have been synthesized via rapid hot pressing and hot deformation processes. The highest (BH)(max) similar to 10.6 MGOe was observed for a magnet with z = 10. X-ray diffraction and M-H measurements indicated that the easy magnetization direction of magnets prefers to be in the hot pressing direction. Transmission electron microscopy investigation confirmed that plastic deformation is an important route for forming magnetic anisotropy in the Sm-Co-type nanocomposite magnets. Some stripe and/or platelike patterns have been observed inside the nanograins (50-200 nm), which may present as twins, and stacking faults. The (0001) twins have been observed in the 2:17R phase. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Univ Dayton, Magnet Lab, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Magnequench Inc, Singapore 117525, Singapore. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Huang, MQ (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM meiqing.huang@wpafb.af.mil NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 10H104 DI 10.1063/1.1851432 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TP UT WOS:000230168300329 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Miracle, DB Mullens, HM AF Senkov, ON Miracle, DB Mullens, HM TI Topological criteria for amorphization based on a thermodynamic approach SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BULK METALLIC GLASSES; SOLID-STATE AMORPHIZATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID; UNDERCOOLED LIQUID; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; FORMING ABILITY; FREE-ENERGY; CRYSTALLIZATION; TRANSITION; KINETICS AB The effects of composition, atomic radii, atomic size ratios, and elastic constants of the constitutive elements on the glass-forming ability of metallic glasses have been identified using a thermodynamic model. This model is based on the comparison of the Gibbs free energy and entropy between a nonequilibrium crystalline solid solution and the undercooled liquid. According to this model, the glass-forming ability (reduced glass transition temperature, T-g/T-m) of an alloy should increase with (a) an increase in the atom size and/or shear modulus of the solvent; (b) an increase in the bulk modulus of a solute; and (c) a decrease in the melting temperature of the alloy. At constant values for other parameters, the glass-forming ability is maximum at a certain concentration and relative atomic size of a solute. Recently, these topological criteria have been successfully used to produce a number of Ca-based bulk metallic glasses. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. So Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM oleg.senkov@wpafb.af.mil RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012 OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X NR 48 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 103502 DI 10.1063/1.1896434 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TO UT WOS:000230168100025 ER PT J AU Williamson, JM Bletzinger, P Ganguly, BN AF Williamson, JM Bletzinger, P Ganguly, BN TI Absolute and relative density measurements in a N-2/Ar dielectric barrier discharge by diode-laser absorption spectroscopy and resolved plasma emission SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID METASTABLE ARGON ATOMS; SILENT DISCHARGE; CROSS-SECTIONS; OXYGEN; EXCITATION AB The population density of metastable Ar 4s'[1/2]degrees in a 70% Ar/ 30% N-2, short-pulsed (< 15-ns full width at half maximum) dielectric barrier discharge was determined from the time-resolved diode-laser absorption as a function of pulse repetition rate for a gas pressure of 100 Tort. The relative population density change of N-2(+) B (2)Sigma(u)(+) and N-2 C (3)Pi(u) was also determined from N-2(+) first negative and N2 second positive plasma emission for the same pulse repetition rates and pressure. The net power deposited per pulse was obtained from measurements of the voltage and current wave forms. The fractional energy dissipated in metastable Ar production was estimated from the power and absorption number density measurements to be roughly 20% for pulse repetition rates <= 10 kHz, decreasing to similar to 10% at 30 kHz for 3.5-kV applied voltage and 100 Torr. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Williamson, JM (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM james.williamson@pr.wpafb.af.mil NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 103301 DI 10.1063/1.1894585 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TO UT WOS:000230168100015 ER PT J AU Zeng, D Latham, WP Kar, A AF Zeng, D Latham, WP Kar, A TI Two-dimensional model for melting and vaporization during optical trepanning SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PEAK POWER; METALS; DAMAGE AB Annular laser beams provide a drilling mechanism that can be referred to as optical trepanning. In this paper an analytical two-dimensional model is developed for optical trepanning. The analysis accounts for conduction in the solid, vaporization, and convection due to the melt flow caused by an assist gas. Based on the model, the influences of pulse duration, laser-pulse length, pulse repetition rate, intensity profiles, and beam radius are investigated to examine their effects on the recast layer thickness, hole depth, and taper. Deeper cavity depth, thicker recast layer, and larger taper are obtained with the increase in the laser intensity. By using different types of intensity profiles, the nature of the hole taper can be modified, i.e., convergent or divergent holes can be produced. The effects of the inner radius of annular beams are more significant than other laser parameters. An increase in the inner radius reduces the hole taper and produces thinner recast layer and deeper cavity depth. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL,Laser Aided Mfg Mat & Microproc Lab, Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn Dept,LAMMP, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, DELS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, DELS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Zeng, D (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL,Laser Aided Mfg Mat & Microproc Lab, Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn Dept,LAMMP, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM akar@creol.ucf.edu NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 104912 DI 10.1063/1.1897835 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TO UT WOS:000230168100174 ER PT J AU Shore, RA Yaghjian, AD AF Shore, RA Yaghjian, AD TI Travelling electromagnetic waves on linear periodic arrays of lossless spheres SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MATRIX AB Source scattering-matrix analyses of travelling waves on infinite linear periodic arrays of lossless spheres and of small electric wires are applied to determine the propagation constants of dipolar travelling waves on an infinite linear periodic chain of metallic nanospheres. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Shore, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM robert.shore@hanscom.af.mil NR 12 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD MAY 12 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 10 BP 578 EP 580 DI 10.1049/el:20058372 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 935HE UT WOS:000229769900007 ER PT J AU Chen, W Dai, LM Jiang, H Bunning, TJ AF Chen, W Dai, LM Jiang, H Bunning, TJ TI Controlled surface engineering and device fabrication of optoelectronic polymers and carbon nanotubes by plasma processes SO PLASMA PROCESSES AND POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; conjugated polymers; photonic and electronic devices; plasma treatment and polymerization ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; PATTERNED GROWTH; INTERFACE; COATINGS; CHAINS; FIELD AB Owing to their pi-electron delocalization along the backbone, conjugated polymers possess unique optoelectonic properties attractive for a wide range of applications in various electronic and photonic devices. Having a conjugated all-carbon structure with specific molecular symmetries, carbon nanotubes have also attracted a great deal of interest for optoelectronic applications. It is well known that surface and/or interfacial properties are of paramount importance for most optoelectronic applications. Recent developments in the field have clearly indicated the possibility of using radio-frequency glow-discharge plasma for introducing functional surfaces/interfaces with region-specific characteristics necessary for advanced electronic and/or photonic devices. In this article, we summarize our work on the use of plasma processes (both plasma treatment and plasma polymerization) for the surface and interface control of optoelectronic polymers and carbon nanotubes for potential applications in electronic and photonic devices, and reference is also made to other complementary work as appropriate. C1 Univ Dayton, Sch Engn, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chen, W (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Sch Engn, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM ldai@udayton.edu NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1612-8850 J9 PLASMA PROCESS POLYM JI Plasma Process. Polym. PD MAY 12 PY 2005 VL 2 IS 4 BP 279 EP 292 DI 10.1002/ppap.200400072 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Physics; Polymer Science GA 943WI UT WOS:000230385200001 ER PT J AU Carlson, HC Cowley, SWH AF Carlson, HC Cowley, SWH TI Accelerated polar rain electrons as the source of Sun-aligned arcs in the polar cap during northward interplanetary magnetic field conditions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAIN AURORAL OVAL; THETA-AURORA; PARTICLE-PRECIPITATION; CONVECTION PATTERNS; PLASMA SHEET; IMF; MODEL; VICINITY; REGIONS; FLUXES AB [1] Identifying the source of electrons producing polar cap arcs (P-C arcs), ubiquitous under northward interplanetary magnetic field ( IMF) conditions, should be a notable step toward solving the long-standing problem of determining the topology of the magnetosphere for northward IMF. We calculate several electrodynamics limits that follow from a kinetic theory perspective of electrons precipitating into the polar cap from the electron reservoir in the distant magnetospheric tail, for currents sustainable without electron acceleration. We then calculate mutual relationships between several electrodynamics parameters for currents beyond these limits, if electron acceleration processes were to draw the additional current-carrying electrons from this same reservoir. We compare these theoretical limits and mutual relationships with those actually observed in the polar cap. We conclude that for typical P-C arc conditions, there is no need to look further than the magnetospheric tail for the source reservoir of electrons needed to provide observed fluxes in either polar rain or P-C arcs. We close by putting this into the context of relevant models. C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. RP Carlson, HC (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, 4015 Wilson Blvd,Rm 713, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM herb.carlson@afosr.af.mil NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 11 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A5 AR A05302 DI 10.1029/2004JA010669 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 927QV UT WOS:000229212700001 ER PT J AU Chen, KY Su, SY Liu, CH AF Chen, KY Su, SY Liu, CH TI Ionospheric irregularity characteristics from quasiperiodic structure in the radio wave scintillation SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE; DIFFRACTION AB [1] Quasiperiodic (QP) diffraction pattern in scintillation patches has been known to highly correlate with the edge structures of a plasma bubble (Franke et al., 1984). A new time-frequency analysis method of Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) has been applied to analyze the scintillation data taken at Ascension Island to understand the characteristics of corresponding ionosphere irregularities. The HHT method enables us to extract the quasiperiodic diffraction signals embedded inside the scintillation data and to obtain the characteristics of such diffraction signals. The cross correlation of the two sets of diffraction signals received by two stations at each end of Ascension Island indicates that the density irregularity pattern that causes the diffraction pattern should have an eastward drift velocity of &SIM; 130 m/s. The HHT analysis of the instantaneous frequency in the QP diffraction patterns also reveals some frequency shifts in their peak frequencies. For the QP diffraction pattern caused by the leading edge of the large density gradient at the east wall of a structured bubble, an ascending note in the peak frequency is observed, and for the trailing edge a descending note is observed. The linear change in the transient of the peak frequency in the QP diffraction pattern is consistent with the theory and the simulation result of Franke et al. Estimate of the slope in the transient frequency provides us the information that allows us to identify the locations of plasma walls, and the eastwest scale of the irregularity can be estimated. In our case we obtain about 24 km in the east-west scale. Furthermore, the height location of density irregularities that cause the diffraction pattern is estimated to be between 310 and 330 km, that is, around the F peak during observation. C1 Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Chungli, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Chen, KY (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Chungli, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. EM kychen@jupiter.ss.ncu.edu.tw NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD MAY 6 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 3 AR RS3001 DI 10.1029/2004RS003178 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 926UQ UT WOS:000229149200001 ER PT J AU Pati, R Pineda, AC Pandey, R Karna, SP AF Pati, R Pineda, AC Pandey, R Karna, SP TI Ab initio quantum chemical study of electron transfer in carboranes SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BORON CLUSTERS; MOLECULAR RODS; DRUG DESIGN; DEPENDENCE; FIELD; SPACERS; DENSITY; BORANES; SYSTEMS; SCF AB The electron transfer (ET) properties of 10- and 12-vertex carboranes are investigated by the ab initio Hartree-Fock method within the Marcus-Hush (MH) two-state model and the Koopman theorem (KT) approach. The calculated value of the ET coupling matrix element, V-AB, is consistently higher in the KT approach than in the MH two-state model. For the carborane molecules functionalized by -CH2 groups at C-vertices, V-AB Strongly depends on the relative orientation of the planes containing the terminal -CH2 groups. The predicted conformation dependence Of V-AB offers a molecular mechanism to control ET between two active centers in molecular systems. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Performance Comp, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, ATTN, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. AMSRD, ARL, WM, BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Pati, R (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM patir@mtu.edu; skarna@arl.army.mil NR 33 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 2 PY 2005 VL 406 IS 4-6 BP 483 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.03.039 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 920FY UT WOS:000228676000038 ER PT J AU Bronkhorst, AW Brungart, DS AF Bronkhorst, AW Brungart, DS TI Advances in research on spatial and binaural hearing SO ACTA ACUSTICA UNITED WITH ACUSTICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN SOUND LOCALIZATION; AUDITORY DISTANCE PERCEPTION; SPECTRAL CUES; INFERIOR COLLICULUS; ENERGETIC MASKING; INTERAURAL TIME; FREE-FIELD; SPEECH-INTELLIGIBILITY; HEADPHONE SIMULATION; LEVEL DIFFERENCES C1 TNO Human Factors, Soesterberg, Netherlands. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bronkhorst, AW (reprint author), TNO Human Factors, Soesterberg, Netherlands. NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU S HIRZEL VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA POSTFACH 10 10 61, D-70 009 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1610-1928 J9 ACTA ACUST UNITED AC JI Acta Acust. United Acust. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 91 IS 3 BP V EP XII PG 8 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 928YA UT WOS:000229306600001 ER PT J AU Zahorik, P Brungart, DS Bronkhorst, AW AF Zahorik, P Brungart, DS Bronkhorst, AW TI Auditory distance perception in humans: A summary of past and present research SO ACTA ACUSTICA UNITED WITH ACUSTICA LA English DT Review ID SOUND SOURCE DISTANCE; HUMAN BRAIN; EGOCENTRIC DISTANCE; LOOMING PERCEPTION; APPARENT DISTANCE; SENSORY INTENSITY; HUMAN LISTENERS; NEARBY SOURCES; VOCAL EFFORT; PURE-TONES AB Although auditory distance perception is a critical component of spatial hearing, it has received substantially less scientific attention than the directional aspects of auditory localization. Here we summarize current knowledge on auditory distance perception, with special emphasis on recent research results. The summary will be structured around three central questions. 1. How accurately can humans estimate the distances of stationary sound sources? We show that this psychophysical relationship is well approximated by a compressive power function, which suggests that listeners systematically underestimate distances to faraway sound sources. 2. What determines perceived sound source distance? We examine the various acoustical and non-acoustical factors thought to contribute to source distance percepts, and summarize the psychophysical literature relevant to each factor. 3. What are the neural correlates to perceived sound source distance? Recent evidence points to the role of areas within right temporal cortex in auditory distance perception, as well as in other spatial tasks in different sensory modalities. C1 Univ Louisville, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Louisville, KY USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. TNO Human Factors, NL-3769 ZG Soesterberg, Netherlands. RP Zahorik, P (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Louisville, KY USA. EM pavel.zahorik@louisville.edu; douglas.brungart@wpafb.af.mil; bronkhorst@tm.tno.nl NR 126 TC 113 Z9 117 U1 5 U2 34 PU S HIRZEL VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA POSTFACH 10 10 61, D-70 009 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1610-1928 J9 ACTA ACUST UNITED AC JI Acta Acust. United Acust. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 91 IS 3 BP 409 EP 420 PG 12 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 928YA UT WOS:000229306600003 ER PT J AU Brungart, DS Simpson, BD Kordik, AJ AF Brungart, DS Simpson, BD Kordik, AJ TI Localization in the presence of multiple simultaneous sounds SO ACTA ACUSTICA UNITED WITH ACUSTICA LA English DT Article ID SPEECH-INTELLIGIBILITY; MONAURAL LOCALIZATION; HEARING; LISTENERS; DURATION; ONSET; SPACE; NOISE; ROOMS AB A number of studies have examined the effects that one or two competing sound sources have on sound localization accuracy, but little is known about sound localization in environments with large numbers of concurrent sound sources. In this experiment, we examined localization in a "sequential" localization task in which continuous independent noise sources were turned on one at a time, localized, and left on during the localization of up to 13 additional noise sources. This procedure was repeated with and without exploratory head movements, and with both rapid (rectangularly gated) and slow (1-second ramp) onsets in the newly presented stimuli. Although the results indicate that localization accuracy systematically decreased as the number of concurrent sources increased, overall localization accuracy was still above chance even in environments with 14 concurrent sound sources. Localization was modestly better for sounds with rapid onsets than for sounds with slow onsets, but only in environments with more than four concurrent sound sources. However, exploratory head movements, which are known to substantially improve the localization of isolated sound sources, had a negligible effect on localization accuracy with more than five sound sources. These results are preliminary, but they provide valuable insights into how listeners process complex auditory scenes that contain multiple concurrent sounds. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Adv Engn Serv Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Brungart, DS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2610 7th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM douglas.brungart@wpafb.af.mil NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU S HIRZEL VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA POSTFACH 10 10 61, D-70 009 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1610-1928 J9 ACTA ACUST UNITED AC JI Acta Acust. United Acust. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 91 IS 3 BP 471 EP 479 PG 9 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 928YA UT WOS:000229306600009 ER PT J AU Brungart, DS Simpson, BD AF Brungart, DS Simpson, BD TI Evidence for a "reverse cocktail party" effect in a three-talker dichotic listening task SO ACTA ACUSTICA UNITED WITH ACUSTICA LA English DT Article ID ATTENTION; CUES C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brungart, DS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2610 7th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM douglas.brungart@wpafb.af.mil NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU S HIRZEL VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA POSTFACH 10 10 61, D-70 009 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1610-1928 J9 ACTA ACUST UNITED AC JI Acta Acust. United Acust. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 91 IS 3 BP 564 EP 566 PG 3 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 928YA UT WOS:000229306600018 ER PT J AU Gaitonde, DV Miller, JH AF Gaitonde, DV Miller, JH TI Eddy-current-based momentum transfer method to suppress three-dimensional separation SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID APPLIED MAGNETIC FIELD; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC CONTROL; TURBULENT INTERACTIONS; MODELS; FLOWS AB A magnetogasdynamic technique is explored to alleviate separation in a three-dimensional crossing-shock turbulent boundary-layer interaction. An eddy-current-based momentum transfer mechanism is proposed to enhance the momentum of near-wall fluid by generating appropriate accelerating forces. An established numerical methodology, blending first-principles and phenomenological models, is utilized to demonstrate the technique to eliminate secondary separation observed in strong interactions. The circulating current is generated by applying a uniform magnetic field in an electrically conducting region spanning both near-wall low-momentum regions as well as high-speed outer How and bounded by insulated walls. The "trapping" of electrical current is ensured by the generation of an induced electric field, which overwhelms the motional electromotive field near (he surface. Under these conditions, ponderomotive forces slow the outer fluid while accelerating the near-wall low-speed regime, thus enhancing its ability to overcome adverse pressure gradients without separation. The complex and highly three-dimensional interplay between velocity, magnetic, current, and electric field vectors is described. Effects of force and heat release are differentiated through discriminating simulations. Despite complete local laminarization of the flow by the damping effect of the magnetic field. near-wall accelerating forces eliminate manifestations of secondary separation. In contrast, heating, by itself, aggravates secondary separation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Aeronaut Sci Div,Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Aeronaut Sci Div,Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1064 EP 1074 DI 10.2514/1.9983 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 923AI UT WOS:000228880600014 ER PT J AU Schmit, RF Glauser, MN AF Schmit, RF Glauser, MN TI Use of low-dimensional methods for wake flowfield estimation from dynamic strain SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 06-09, 2003 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut C1 Clarkson Univ, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Schmit, RF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL-VAAI,2130 Eight St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1133 EP 1136 DI 10.2514/1.1722 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 923AI UT WOS:000228880600021 ER PT J AU Thoppil, J Riutcel, TL Nalesnik, SW AF Thoppil, J Riutcel, TL Nalesnik, SW TI Early intervention for perinatal depression SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE postpartum; depression; screening ID POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION; POSTNATAL DEPRESSION; PREGNANCY; SCALE AB Objective: This study was undertaken to design a process that effectively identifies and facilitates early intervention for women in an obstetrics clinic who are at risk for postpartum depression. Study design: Under this new program, labeled ISIS (Identify, Screen, Intervene, Support), we educated our new obstetric patients and clinic staff about postpartum depression through patient education classes, departmental lectures, and handouts. Then, we implemented simple procedures to identify risk factors for depression at intake and screened for depressive symptoms at the 32-week visit using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). In addition, we facilitated treatment of at-risk or symptomatic patients with the introduction of a social work consultant in the clinic setting. Results: In an obstetric chart review, 75% of our patients were screened for depression in pregnancy. Ten percent of these women demonstrated symptoms of depression warranting further evaluation. Conclusion: Preliminary data from our multidisciplinary approach suggest that educating, screening, and appropriately treating or referring these women can take place in a busy obstetric clinic. 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Thoppil, J (reprint author), Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM thoppil@mailblocks.com NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 4 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 192 IS 5 BP 1446 EP 1448 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.12.073 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 929ZA UT WOS:000229384100027 PM 15902133 ER PT J AU Campbell, SE Reed, CM Bui-Mansfield, LT Fillman, E AF Campbell, SE Reed, CM Bui-Mansfield, LT Fillman, E TI Radiologic-Pathologic Conference of Brooke Army Medical Center - Vertebral and spinal cord sarcoidosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MANIFESTATIONS; MR C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. RP Bui-Mansfield, LT (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM liem_mansfield@gmail.com NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 184 IS 5 BP 1686 EP 1687 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 922YH UT WOS:000228875300057 PM 15855139 ER PT J AU Elston, DM Miller, SD Young, RJ Eggers, J McGlasson, D Schmidt, WH Bush, A AF Elston, DM Miller, SD Young, RJ Eggers, J McGlasson, D Schmidt, WH Bush, A TI Comparison of colchicine, dapsone, triamcinolone, and diphenhydramine therapy for the treatment of brown recluse spider envenomation - A double-blind, controlled study in a rabbit model SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOXOSCELES-RECLUSA; DERMONECROTIC ARACHNIDISM; VENOM; ACTIVATION; LESION; BITE AB Objective: To compare the efficacy of dapsone, diphenhydramine, colchicine, and intralesional triamcinolone in the treatment of brown spider bites. We used a purified venom that reproducibly produces a large eschar. To mimic real-life circumstances, all agents were administered following a 2-hour delay after envenomation. The animals were evaluated for the presence of coagulopathy to determine if the incidence of systemic findings correlated with the type of treatment. Design and Setting: In a research laboratory, 60 New Zealand white rabbits each received an intradermal injection of 20 μ g of purified Loxosceles reclusa venom. The rabbits were divided into 5 groups of 12; a control group and 4 groups treated with a drug (either colchicine, triamcinolone, diphenhydramine, or dapsone). Measured end points included maximum eschar size as well as histologic grading of depth, inflammation, and thrombosis. Interventions: Treatment with colchicine, triamcinolone, diphenhydramine, or dapsone. Main Outcome Measures: Maximum eschar size as well as histologic grading of depth, inflammation, and thrombosis. Results: There was no significant difference with respect to eschar size (1-way analysis of variance, P = .003). There was no significant difference between any treatment with respect to presence or absence of ulcer, necrosis, large vessel vasculitis, or small vessel vasculitis. The only outcome of significance was that triamcinolone offered protection from thrombosis (X(2)Iikelihood ratio, P = .04). We also noted evidence of coagulopathy in all of the envenomated animals. The rabbits had grossly elevated activated partial thromboplastin time results, which were corrected with 1: 1 mixing with normal rabbit plasma, suggesting an acquired factor deficiency. We did not detect an individual factor deficiency or a lupus anticoagulant. Conclusions: In a rabbit model, none of the agents tested (dapsone, diphenhydramine, colchicine, and intralesional triamcinolone) had an effect on eschar size. Triamcinolone appeared to offer some protection against histologic evidence of thrombosis, but this protection did not translate into a difference in clinical outcome. All animals developed evidence of coagulopathy, regardless of treatment. The coagulopathy could be corrected by fresh rabbit plasma, suggesting an acquired factor deficiency. C1 Geisinger Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Danville, PA 17821 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), Geisinger Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 100 N Acad Ave, Danville, PA 17821 USA. EM Delston@geisinger.edu NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 141 IS 5 BP 595 EP 597 DI 10.1001/archderm.141.5.595 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 925IC UT WOS:000229045800009 PM 15897381 ER PT J AU Burns, JW AF Burns, JW TI Hemodynamics of graded water immersion in the baboon: +Gz protection potential SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE central venous pressure; cardiac output; aortic blood pressure; total peripheral resistance; fluid-filled anti-G suit ID THERMO-NEUTRAL BATH; CONSCIOUS BABOONS; VENOUS-PRESSURE; HEART VOLUME; HUMANS AB introduction: Fluid-filled anti-G suits depend on external fluid counterpressure to maintain near-normal hemodynamics during +Gz (head-to-foot inertial force). However, the relationship between external fluid level, hemodynamic events, and +Gz tolerance has not been determined. Methods: Seven anesthetized male baboons (avg. wt. = 27.2 kg) were catheterized for measurement of left ventricular pressure (LVP), right ventricular pressure (RVP), aortic BP (ABP), central venous pressure (CVP), pulmonary artery pressure, cardiac output, and esophageal pressure. The animals were seated in a restraint chair and control data were collected, followed by six discrete steps of water immersion (WI): 1) knee; 2) hip; 3) xiphoid; 4) mid-chest; 5) neck; and 6) return to the xiphoid (data check). Each level was maintained until hemodynamic stabilization. Rectal temperature averaged 33.5 degrees C; water bath temperature was maintained at 34 degrees C. Results: There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in most hemodynamic parameters with WI to the xiphoid, mid-chest, and neck. With WI to the neck, CVP, LV, and RV end diastolic pressures increased by 8.7 mmHg, 19.6 mmHg, and 8.0 mmHg, respectively, suggesting a major passive increase in thoracic and cardiac blood volume, whereas mean ABP (MABP) increased by 18.6 mmHg and total peripheral resistance significantly decreased. Heart rate did not change significantly. Conclusion: The increase in MABP with WI to the neck would provide slightly more than +1 Gz relaxed protection. Additional +Gz would require pressure breathing to overcome the increased external hydrostatic pressure on the thorax. Water-filled anti-G suits filled to the xiphoid cannot provide adequate relaxed +Gz protection for current high performance aircraft without supplemental factors such as additional pressure in the suit or positive pressure breathing. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Biosci & Protect Div, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Burns, JW (reprint author), 128 River Bluff Dr, Boerne, TX 78006 USA. EM jburns@gvtc.com NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 76 IS 5 BP 430 EP 434 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 922XC UT WOS:000228872200002 PM 15892539 ER PT J AU Harrington, LK Bassi, CJ Peck, CK AF Harrington, LK Bassi, CJ Peck, CK TI Luminous efficiency and the measurement of daytime displays, signals, and visors SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE heterochromatic brightness matching; flicker photometry; psychophysical measurement ID FOVEAL SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY; BRIGHTNESS; LUMINANCE; THRESHOLD AB Purpose: Measurements concerning the usability or safety of optical equipment are based on assumptions regarding luminous efficiency. The current luminous efficiency functions are derived from human sensitivity experiments taken at low light levels compared with the outdoor daytime environment. The amount of error induced by extrapolating from low light level data to high light level applications is not known. We sought to determine whether standard luminous efficiency curves CIE V(A) and CIE Heterochromatic Brightness Matching are appropriate for measuring day-use optical equipment such as display phosphors, lasers, LEDs, and laser eye protection, which are becoming more common in aviation. Methods. Flicker photometry and successive heterochromatic brightness matching were used to measure changes in luminance efficiency functions with increasing levels (1, 10, 100, and 1000 fL) of light adaptation. Results: Luminous efficiency was found to depend on both the method and the reference intensity with which the measurements were taken. For heterochromatic brightness matching, luminous efficiency increased for longer wavelengths as reference intensity increased. Peak luminous efficiency shifted from approximately 540 nm to greater than 600 nm with increasing intensity. Peak luminous efficiency was constant for flicker photometry across all intensities, but the function narrowed slightly at 100 fL. Conclusion: Luminous efficiency curves measured at high reference intensities are substantially different from the standard luminous efficiency functions. Caution should be used when measuring spectrally narrow and bright sources such as lasers and LEDs with a V(lambda) corrected photometer because the measured luminance may correlate poorly with perceived brightness. C1 Univ Missouri, Coll Optometry, St Louis, MO USA. RP Harrington, LK (reprint author), USAF, AFRL, HECV, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Lawrence.harrington@wpafb.af.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 76 IS 5 BP 448 EP 455 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 922XC UT WOS:000228872200005 PM 15892542 ER PT J AU Balldin, UI O'Connor, RB Isdahl, WM Werchan, PM AF Balldin, UI O'Connor, RB Isdahl, WM Werchan, PM TI Pressure breathing without a counter-pressure vest does not impair acceleration tolerance up to 9 G SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE acceleration; G protection; G tolerance; anti-G suit; pressure breathing; thorax counter-pressure; G-LOC; counter-pressure vest ID ANTI-G PROTECTION AB Introduction: This study was to determine whether safe and adequate G-protection by pressure breathing during G (PBG) could be maintained if the COMBAT EDGE counter-pressure vest were eliminated to ensure aircrew do not unnecessarily endure a possible in-flight discomfort or distraction. Methods: Centrifuge exposures up to +9 Gz were completed by 11 subjects, including 5 F-15 aircrew, using PBG at 60 mmHg pressure with and without the counter-pressure vest. Additional G-exposures using pressures of 0, 30, and 45 mmHg were performed without the vest. Results: Elimination of the COMBAT EDGE counter-pressure vest did not significantly reduce G-tolerance. During gradual onset G exposure, the mean G level reached with PBG was 8.4 G without the vest and 8.2 G with the vest. In comparison, 6.7 G was reached without FBG. Mean times at G with rapid onset G exposure were 59 and 60s, respectively, compared with 49s without PBG. F`BG, with or without the vest, was preferred by all test subjects. PBG at 60 mmHg produced the highest G protection and was preferred by the test subjects over lesser pressures. Subjects reported no adverse effects from the use of PBG without chest counter-pressure. Conclusion: The use of PBG and the anti-G straining manuever (AGSM) together enhances G tolerance and comfort more than AGSM alone. Elimination of the counter-pressure vest during use of PBG does not hinder an individual's ability to reach +9 Gz or complete a short duration simulated aerial combat maneuver G exposure. Further research is needed to determine if use of PBG without chest counter-pressure increases fatigue during multiple sorties or produces other aeromedical problems in operational environments. C1 AFRL, HEP, Wyle Labs, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Biosci & Protect Div, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Balldin, UI (reprint author), AFRL, HEP, Wyle Labs, 2845 Gillingham Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM ulf.balldin@brooks.af.mil NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 76 IS 5 BP 456 EP 462 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 922XC UT WOS:000228872200006 PM 15892543 ER PT J AU Boyd, JE Patterson, JC Thompson, BT AF Boyd, JE Patterson, JC Thompson, BT TI Psychological test profiles of USAF pilots before training vs. type aircraft flown SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE multidimensional aptitude battery; MAB; NEO PI-R; medical flight screening AB Background: Student pilots in the USAF are selected for fighter, bomber, or airlift/tanker tracks after basic flight training. This selection needs to be accurate in order to save time and training costs. The objective of this study was to determine whether significant psychological differences exist between pilots flying different types of aircraft and whether these differences could predict who will become a fighter pilot (FP) vs. a bomber pilot (BP) or airlift/tanker pilot (AP). Methods: Pilots who took the Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB) and NEO Personality Inventory Revised (NEO-PI-R) were linked to their aircraft type using primary USAF specialty codes. The data for 2105 pilots was analyzed using MANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc analysis to evaluate for relationships between test results and airframe assignment. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between FP and AP pilot means on all segments of the MAB and portions of the NEO-PI-R. The mean scores of the FP group were higher on all IQ facets of the MAB. On the NEO-PI-R, the FP group scored lower on agreeableness and higher on conscientiousness. Discussion: The homogeneity of the pilot population gives the statistical difference in scores limited practical value for predicting which aircraft a pilot is best suited to fly. However, scores on these tests clearly could be a useful adjunct, along with flight training grades and personal desires, in determining a student pilot's potential for success in the multi-tasking environment of the fighter pilot. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Boyd, JE (reprint author), MDOS, Aeromed Serv, SGOAF, Med Grp 16, A-113 Lielmanis Ave, Hurlburt Field, FL 32544 USA. EM james.boyd@hurlburt.af.mil NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 76 IS 5 BP 463 EP 468 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 922XC UT WOS:000228872200007 PM 15892544 ER PT J AU Schwertner, HA Storrow, AB AF Schwertner, HA Storrow, AB TI Comparison of actual and stated concentrations of pharmaceuticals manufactured in Mexico SO CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article DE drugs; pharmaceuticals; quality; percent of labeled amount; expiration dates; pharmacies; Mexico; USP standards ID UNITED-STATES; BORDER AB Background: During the past 5 years, there has been much concern about the safety of and ease of access to drugs that are unavailable without a prescription in the United States but are manufactured and can be purchased over the counter (OTC) in Mexico. However, based on a literature search, studies have not been performed to determine whether such drugs meet the US Pharmacopoeia (USP) standards for percent of labeled amount. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether 5 drugs commonly prescribed in the United States and manufactured and purchased in Mexico met USP standards for stated concentration, were properly packaged and sealed, and had properly labeled expiration dates and lot numbers. Methods: For the study, we purchased acetaminophen, carbamazepine, diazepam, digoxin, and phenytoin from 2 to 4 pharmacies in Ciudad Acuna, Mexico. Samples of each drug, each with a different lot number, were purchased OTC or with a prescription. None of the pharmacists had knowledge of the study. Brand-name or generic drugs manufactured and obtained in the United States were also analyzed for comparative purposes. Each drug was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography using USP guidelines established for the analysis of each drug. In addition, we visually examined the packaging, seals, color, and appearance of the drugs, and observed whether the packages contained lot numbers and whether the drugs were within the stated expiration dates. Results: For all 5 drugs, the 95% CIs fell within the USP-defined acceptable ranges for percent of labeled amount. This was found to be true for drugs obtained at different pharmacies, for different drug manufacturers, and for drugs with different lot numbers. All of the drugs were found to be properly packaged and sealed, had lot numbers listed on the packages, and were sold before the stated expiration dates. Conclusion: Although health care practitioners should be aware that patients might be using drugs manufactured and purchased in Mexico, the results of this study of a small sample of such drugs suggest they meet the USP standards for percent of labeled amount. Copyright © 2005 Excerpta Medica, Inc. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Emergency Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Schwertner, HA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Bldg 4430, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM harvey.schwertner@lackland.af.mil NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 6 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0149-2918 J9 CLIN THER JI Clin. Ther. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 27 IS 5 BP 609 EP 615 DI 10.1016/j.clinithera.2005.05.007 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 932MV UT WOS:000229558700010 PM 15978310 ER PT J AU Kharoufeh, JP Sipe, JA AF Kharoufeh, JP Sipe, JA TI Evaluating failure time probabilities for a Markovian wear process SO COMPUTERS & OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lifetime distribution; wear process; Laplace-Stieltjes transform ID NUMERICAL INVERSION; LAPLACE TRANSFORMS; MATRIX AB We present simplified analytical results for the numerical evaluation of failure time probabilities for a single-unit system whose cumulative wear over time depends on its external environment. The failure time distribution is derived as a one-dimensional Laplace-Stieltjes transform with respect to the temporal variable using a direct solution approach and by inverting an existing two-dimensional result with respect to the spatial failure threshold variable. Two numerical examples demonstrate that accurate cumulative probability values can be obtained in a straightforward manner using standard computing environments. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, ENS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. HQ AMC, TACC XONCY, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, ENS, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeffrey.kharoufeh@afit.edu NR 19 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-0548 EI 1873-765X J9 COMPUT OPER RES JI Comput. Oper. Res. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1131 EP 1145 DI 10.1016/j.cor.2003.09.016 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 874NC UT WOS:000225356100006 ER PT J AU Darling, MJ Lambiase, MC Young, RJ AF Darling, MJ Lambiase, MC Young, RJ TI Tinea versicolor mimicking pityriasis rubra pilaris SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID MALASSEZIA-FURFUR AB Tinea versicolor is a common noninvasive cutaneous fungal disease. We recount a case of tinea versicolor that mimicked type I (classic adult) pityriasis ruba pilaris. A 54-year-old white man reported a 20-year history of a recurrent pruritic eruption that had marginally improved with use of selenium sulfide shampoo and treatment with oral antihistamines. Results of a skin examination revealed erythematous plaques ; islands of spared skin; and follicular erythematous keratotic papules on the trunk, shoulders, and upper arms. A lesion was scraped to obtain skin scales for potassium hydroxide staining. Examination of the stained samples revealed the characteristic "spaghetti and meatballs," confirming the diagnosis. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Dept Dermatol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Darling, MJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD MAY PY 2005 VL 75 IS 5 BP 265 EP 267 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 928PJ UT WOS:000229283700003 PM 15984626 ER PT J AU Hamill, JT Deckro, RF Kloeber, JM AF Hamill, JT Deckro, RF Kloeber, JM TI Evaluating information assurance strategies SO DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE information assurance; information technology; computer security; decision analysis AB The information revolution has provided new and improved capabilities to rapidly disseminate and employ information in decision-making. Enhancing and enabling for today's modem industry, these capabilities are critical to our national infrastructures. These capabilities, however, often rely upon systems interconnected throughout the world, resulting in potentially increased vulnerability to attack and compromise of data by globally dispersed threats. This paper develops a methodology facilitating the generation of information assurance strategies and implementing measures to assess them. Upon reviewing key factors and features of information assurance, value focused thinking is used to develop an information assurance analysis framework. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, AFIT, ENS, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hamill, JT (reprint author), USAF, AFIT, ENS, Dept Operat Sci, Bldg 641,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jonathan.hamill@afit.edu NR 24 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9236 J9 DECIS SUPPORT SYST JI Decis. Support Syst. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 463 EP 484 DI 10.1016/j.dss.2003.11.004 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA 915RC UT WOS:000228320700014 ER PT J AU Propst, AM Bates, GW Robinson, RD Arthur, NJ Martin, JE Neal, GS AF Propst, AM Bates, GW Robinson, RD Arthur, NJ Martin, JE Neal, GS TI A randomized trial of increasing recombinant FSH after initiating Ganirelix Acetate (R) for IVF-ET cycles. SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 53rd Annual Meeting of the Pacific-Coast-Reproductive-Society CY MAY 04-08, 2005 CL Indian Wells, CA SP Pacific Coast Reprod Soc C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Antonio, TX USA. Fertil Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 83 SU 2 BP S32 EP S33 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.01.083 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 925IY UT WOS:000229048000075 ER PT J AU Van Horne, AK Robinson, R Bates, GW Arthur, N Neal, GS Propst, A AF Van Horne, AK Robinson, R Bates, GW Arthur, N Neal, GS Propst, A TI The impact of low luteinizing hormone levels on implantation and pregnancy rates in IVF-ET cycles using recombinant FSH and Ganirelix Acetate (R) SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 53rd Annual Meeting of the Pacific-Coast-Reproductive-Society CY MAY 04-08, 2005 CL Indian Wells, CA SP Pacific Coast Reprod Soc C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Antonio, TX USA. Fertil Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 83 SU 2 BP S32 EP S32 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.01.082 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 925IY UT WOS:000229048000074 ER PT J AU Hulett, JN AF Hulett, JN TI Ask the user: A practical approach to test program set development SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB The development of a military weapon system is a long and arduous process. How to maintain that system after it is fielded is often a quick afterthought. The Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) and associated Test Program Sets (TPSs) are selected and developed based solely on the physical operating specifications and test parameters of the system. Those who will actually use the ATE to repair the system and those who will maintain the TPS software usually have little or no input until the ATE and TPSs are delivered and operating. This paper provides a case study of the development and acceptance of an ATE and TPS for the AN/ALQ-172 Electronic Countermeasures (ECM) system. It does not dwell on the specific technology and mathematical analyses designed into the TPS, but instead focuses on the end goal - using the TPS to repair the system. We discuss the initial development of the TPS without user input, then discusses some of the problems discovered when software maintenance engineers and system repair technicians became involved. The case study concludes with a review of the final TPS acceptance testing and an overview of the benefits and costs of involving the user throughout the development process. RP Hulett, JN (reprint author), 280 Byron St, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 20 IS 5 BP 3 EP 6 DI 10.1109/MAES.2005.1432567 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 925BC UT WOS:000229025500003 ER PT J AU Schepler, KL Peterson, RD Berry, PA McKay, JB AF Schepler, KL Peterson, RD Berry, PA McKay, JB TI Thermal effects in Cr2+ : ZnSe thin disk lasers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE laser thermal factors; lasers; transition metals; zinc compounds ID ZINC CHALCOGENIDES; EFFICIENT AB We report the modeling and experimental characterization of thermal lensing in Cr2+:ZnSe face cooled laser disks using the phase shift interferometry technique. The thermal lens powers of the 1 mm and 0.5 mm thick disks were strong (23 and 7 diopters at 8 W pumping). The thermal lens power scaled with disk thickness and pump power, and temperatures were reached in the disks such that nonradiative relaxation was significant. Laser output greater than 4 W average power was achieved using face cooled thin disks of Cr2+:ZnSe. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Schepler, KL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kenneth.schepler@wpafb.af.mil RI Schepler, Kenneth/D-3730-2015; OI Berry, Patrick/0000-0003-1294-6509; Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 NR 15 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 3 BP 713 EP 720 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2005.850570 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 975SS UT WOS:000232682800018 ER PT J AU Shore, RA Yaghjian, AD AF Shore, RA Yaghjian, AD TI Dual-surface integral equations in electromagnetic scattering SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE dual surface; electromagnetic scattering; integral equations ID 3-DIMENSIONAL SCATTERING; FIELD; BODIES AB A brief review is given of the derivation and application of dual-surface integral equations, which eliminate the spurious resonances from the solution to the original electric-field and magnetic-field integral equations applied to perfectly electrically conducting scatterers. Emphasis is placed on numerical solutions of the dual-surface electric-field integral equation for three-dimensional perfectly electrically conducting scatterers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Shore, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM arthur.yaghjian@hanscom.af.mil NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1706 EP 1709 DI 10.1109/TAP.2005.846806 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 924ML UT WOS:000228982800014 ER PT J AU Scott, MA Deckro, RF Chrissis, JW AF Scott, MA Deckro, RF Chrissis, JW TI Modeling and analysis of multicommodity network flows via goal programming SO INFOR LA English DT Article DE goal programming; multicommodity network flows; sensitivity analysis AB In this work goal programming is used to solve a minimum cost multicommodity network flow problem with multiple objectives. The network consists of: linear objective function, linear cost arcs, fixed arc and node capacities, and specific origin-destination pairs for each commodity. This suggests a classic linear program. When properly modeled, Lagrangian relaxation, Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition, and network flow techniques may be employed to exploit the pure network structure. Lagrangian relaxation captures the essence of the pure network flow problem as a master problem and sub-problems. The relaxation may be optimized directly, or be decomposed into subproblems, one for each commodity with each subproblem a minimum cost single commodity network flow problem. Post-optimality analyses, via sensitivity analysis and parametric analysis, provide a variety of options under which the robustness of the optimal solution may be investigated. This mix of modeling options and analyses provides a powerful approach for producing insight into the modeling of a multicommodity network flow problem with multiple objectives. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, ENS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Deckro, RF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, ENS, Bldg 640,2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Richard.Deckro@afit.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFOR PI TORONTO PA UNIV TORONTO PRESS, JOURNALS DEPT,5201 DUFFERIN ST, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0315-5986 J9 INFOR JI Infor PD MAY PY 2005 VL 43 IS 2 BP 93 EP 110 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA 016KE UT WOS:000235618300004 ER PT J AU Kendrick, JM Wilson, C Elder, RF Smith, CS AF Kendrick, JM Wilson, C Elder, RF Smith, CS TI Reliability of reporting of self-monitoring of blood glucose in pregnant women SO JOGNN-JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC GYNECOLOGIC AND NEONATAL NURSING LA English DT Article DE blood glucose self-monitoring; diabetes; pregnancy ID GLYCEMIC CONTROL; DEPRESSION AB Objective: To determine the accuracy of reporting of self-monitored blood glucose in pregnant women with diabetes. Design: A descriptive study. Patient- recorded logs of self-monitored blood glucose values were compared to meter memory values. Setting and Participants: A convenience sample of 85 pregnant women with pregestational and gestational diabetes enrolled in a perinatal diabetes program in an urban teaching hospital. Results: Accuracy significantly differed by diabetes type (p =.0 15). Women with type I diabetes did not accurately record on average 36.70% of blood glucose values as compared to 8.5% of type 2, 21.2% of GDMA(1) (gestational diabetes mellitus, diet controlled), and 23.4% of GDMA(2) (gestational diabetes mellitus, insulin controlled). Age positively affected accuracy, but accuracy was not affected by marital status, educational background, or duration of diabetes. Statistical significance was shown between values from women with private health insurance and women with Medicaid. Eighty percent of the sample overreported by adding phantom values in the logbook, which did not differ by diabetes type. Approximately 70% underreported by not logging values in the meter memory that was statistically significant by diabetes type. Conclusion: Assessment of the reliability of self-monitored blood glucose results from pregnant women with diabetes is recommended owing to a significant degree of falsification. C1 Univ Tennessee, Grad Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. High Risk Obstet Knoxville, Perinatal Diabet Program, Knoxville, TN USA. USAF, Nurse Corps, Keesler AFB, Biloxi, MS USA. Univ Tennessee, Stat Consulting Ctr, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Kendrick, JM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Grad Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM JKendtic@mc.utmck.edu NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0884-2175 J9 JOGNN-J OBST GYN NEO JI JOGNN PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 34 IS 3 BP 329 EP 334 DI 10.1177/0884217505276306 PG 6 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 928RK UT WOS:000229289200005 PM 15890831 ER PT J AU Woodson, SH Green, BE Chung, JJ Grove, DV Parikh, PC Forsythe, JR AF Woodson, SH Green, BE Chung, JJ Grove, DV Parikh, PC Forsythe, JR TI Understanding abrupt wing stall with computational fluid dynamics SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 06-09, 2003 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID FLOWS AB This paper describes the computational-fluid-dynamics efforts and lessons learned during the four-year Abrupt Wing Stall national research program. The paper details the complex nature of the transonic flows encountered by modern U.S. fighter and attack aircraft during transonic maneuvering conditions. Topics include grid resolution, computational memory and processor requirements, turbulence modeling, steady and unsteady calculations, and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solutions compared with detached-eddy simulations for this highly complex, viscously dominated, shock-induced, massively separated class of flow. Examples include results obtained for F/A-18C, AV-8B, preproduction F/A-18E, and F-16C aircraft undergoing transonic maneuvering conditions. Various flap settings have been modeled and the computational results compared with extensive wind-tunnel data. The comparisons illustrate the results obtained from both structured and unstructured codes. The utility and accuracy of the various computational solvers is evaluated by qualitative comparisons of surface oil flow and pressure-sensitive-paint results obtained in wind tunnels for some of the models as well as by detailed quantitative pressure coefficient data where experimental results exist. Static lift coefficients are compared between the codes as well as the experimental data for each of the aircraft considered in this study. C1 USN Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Woodson, SH (reprint author), USN Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3 BP 578 EP 585 DI 10.2514/1.2730 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 934GH UT WOS:000229694400002 ER PT J AU Forsythe, JR Woodson, SH AF Forsythe, JR Woodson, SH TI Unsteady computations of abrupt wing stall using detached-Eddy simulation SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 06-09, 2003 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID FLOWS AB Unsteady computational fluid dynamics calculations are presented of the abrupt wing stall phenomenon on the preproduction F/A-18E using detached-eddy simulation. Detached-eddy simulation combines the efficiency of a Reynolds-averaged turbulence model near the wall with the fidelity of large-eddy simulation in separated regions. Because it uses large-eddy simulation in the separated regions, it is capable of predicting the unsteady motions associated with separated flows. Detached-Eddy Simulation has been applied to predict the unsteady shock motion present on the F/A-18E at transonic speeds over several angles of attack. Solution-based grid adaption is used on unstructured grids to improve the resolution in the separated region. Mean flow results are compared to leading Reynolds-averaged models showing improved predictive capability. Unsteady surface pressures are shown to be in good agreement with experimental measurements. The presence of low-frequency pressure oscillations due to shock motion in the current simulations and the experiments motivated a full aircraft calculation, which showed low-frequency high-magnitude rolling moments that could be a significant contributor to the abrupt wing stall phenomenon. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80920 USA. USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Forsythe, JR (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80920 USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3 BP 606 EP 616 DI 10.2514/1.2934 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 934GH UT WOS:000229694400005 ER PT J AU Woodson, SH Green, BE Chun, JJ Grove, DV Parikh, PC Forsythe, JR AF Woodson, SH Green, BE Chun, JJ Grove, DV Parikh, PC Forsythe, JR TI Recommendations for computational-fluid-dynamics procedures for predicting abrupt wing stall SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 06-09, 2003 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB This paper summarizes the lessons learned from the computational-fluid-dynamics effort of the joint NASA/Navy/Air Force Abrupt Wing Stall Program, discusses the results, and makes recommendations for approaches to be used in future aircraft programs to identify uncommanded lateral characteristics early in the design phase of an aircraft development program. The discussion also suggests procedures and figures of merit for use in predicting and quantifying rapid and severe wing-stall tendencies and vulnerabilities of the proposed designs. Topics addressed include critical parameters that can be used to identify uncommanded lateral activity in the transonic flow regime and the geometric parameters that were the primary contributors to the adverse lateral activity observed on preproduction F/A-18E/F aircraft. In addition, differences in steady-state and averaged time-accurate computational solutions for the F/A-18E in the abrupt-wing-stall region of interest are analyzed and compared with existing unsteady experimental data to determine the utility and accuracy of the unsteady approach. Lastly, proposed computational figures of merit are critically evaluated as indicators of possible abrupt separation tendencies, and screening procedures for the identification of those tendencies are suggested. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Woodson, SH (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3 BP 627 EP 633 DI 10.2514/1.3214 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 934GH UT WOS:000229694400007 ER PT J AU Woehr, DJ Sheehan, MK Bennett, W AF Woehr, DJ Sheehan, MK Bennett, W TI Assessing measurement equivalence across rating sources: A multitrait-multirater approach SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multisource performance ratings; measurement equivalence; performance appraisal; self-other agreement ID CONFIRMATORY FACTOR-ANALYSIS; PERFORMANCE-APPRAISAL; MULTIMETHOD MATRIX; DIRECT-PRODUCT; META-ANALYSIS; PEER; SUBORDINATE; INVARIANCE; SUPERVISOR; MODELS AB Research examining the structure of multisource performance ratings has demonstrated that ratings are a direct function of both who is doing the rating (rating source) as well as what is being rated (performance dimension). A separate line of research has focused on the extent to which performance ratings are equivalent across sources. To date no research has examined the measurement equivalence of multisource ratings within the context of both dimension and rating source direct effects on ratings. We examine the impact of both performance dimension and rating source as well as the degree of measurement equivalence across sources. Results indicate that (a) the impact of the underlying performance dimension is the same across rating sources, (b) the impact of rating source is substantial and only slightly smaller than the impact of the underlying performance dimension, and (c) the impact of rating source differs substantially depending on the source. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Management, Stokely Management Ctr 408, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Psychol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ USA. RP Woehr, DJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Management, Stokely Management Ctr 408, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM djw@utk.edu NR 35 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 23 U2 36 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC/EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING FOUNDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0021-9010 J9 J APPL PSYCHOL JI J. Appl. Psychol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 90 IS 3 BP 592 EP 600 DI 10.1037/0021-9010.90.3.592 PG 9 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 929WA UT WOS:000229376100015 PM 15910153 ER PT J AU Haugan, HJ Brown, GJ Smulowicz, F Grazulis, L Mitchel, WC Elhamri, S Mitchell, WD AF Haugan, HJ Brown, GJ Smulowicz, F Grazulis, L Mitchel, WC Elhamri, S Mitchell, WD TI InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices for high performance mid-infrared detectors SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE XII) CY AUG 22-27, 2004 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND DE superlattices; molecular beam epitaxy; antimonides; InAs/GaSb; infrared detector; semiconductor devices ID TEMPERATURE; THICKNESS AB The superlattice (SL) design parameters of a 50 period InAs/GaSb SL structure with InSb-like interfaces (IFs) were systematically varied around the 26 &ANGS; InAs/27 &ANGS; GaSb design in order to explore the parameter space for maximum photoresponse in the 3-5 μ m mid-infrared atmospheric window. Using previously optimized growth conditions, the SL structures were grown on p-type GaSb substrates by molecular beam epitaxy with precisely calibrated growth rates. The electrical properties of the SLs were characterized by magnetic field-dependent Hall effect measurements below the carrier freeze-out temperature of the p-type substrate. Multi-carrier analysis at 4.2K determined an electron sheet carrier concentration of 8.5 x 10(10) cm(-2) with a mobility of 8200 cm(2)/Vs. Two sets of SLs were used in the optimization process: the first set with a fixed InAs width of 26,, and the second with a fixed GaSb width of 27 &ANGS; As the GaSb layer width varied from 15 to 27 the photoresponse cut-off wavelength shifted from 6.47 to 5.24 μ m. Similarly, as the InAs width varied from 26 to 13 the cut-off wavelength shifted from 5.08 to 3.05 μ m. The strongest photoresponse in the 3-5 μ m mid-IR window was achieved with the InAs (20 &ANGS;)/GaSb (27 &ANGS;) SL design. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM heather.haugan@wpafb.afrl.mil NR 13 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY 1 PY 2005 VL 278 IS 1-4 BP 198 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.01.006 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 923NJ UT WOS:000228916300035 ER PT J AU Jeon, HC Lee, JA Shon, Y Lee, SJ Kang, TW Kim, TW Yeo, YK Cho, YH Kim, MD AF Jeon, HC Lee, JA Shon, Y Lee, SJ Kang, TW Kim, TW Yeo, YK Cho, YH Kim, MD TI Excitonic transitions in (Ga1-xMx)N thin films with high Curie temperature SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE XII) CY AUG 22-27, 2004 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND DE characterization; molecular beam epitaxy; nitrides ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; III-V SEMICONDUCTORS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FERROMAGNETISM; BEHAVIOR; GAN AB (Ga1-xMnx)N thin films grown on GaN buffers by using molecular beam epitaxy were investigated with the goal of producing diluted magnetic semiconductors with excitonic transitions. The magnetization curves as functions of the magnetic field at 5 and 300K indicated that ferromagnetisin existed in the (Ga1-xMnx)N thin films and that the Curie temperature of the (Ga1-xMnx)N thin film was above room temperature. Photoluminescence spectra showed the band-edge exciton transitions in (Ga1-xMnx)N thin films, indicative of the Mn atoms acting as substituents. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Dongguk Univ, Quantum Funct Semicond Res Ctr, Seoul 100715, South Korea. Dongguk Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 100715, South Korea. Hanyang Univ, Adv Semicond Res Ctr, Div Elect & Comp Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Cheongju, South Korea. Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Taejon 305764, South Korea. RP Kang, TW (reprint author), Dongguk Univ, Quantum Funct Semicond Res Ctr, Seoul 100715, South Korea. EM twkang@dongguk.edu RI Lee, Seung J./A-3743-2012 OI Lee, Seung J./0000-0002-2140-6929 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY 1 PY 2005 VL 278 IS 1-4 BP 671 EP 674 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.12.125 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 923NJ UT WOS:000228916300126 ER PT J AU Senft, DC AF Senft, DC TI Progress in crystalline multijunction and thin-film photovoltaics SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Challenges in Advances Thin Films CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS Elect Magnet and Photon Mat Div, Thin Film & Interfaces Comm, ASM Int, Mat Sci Crit Technol Sector DE photovoltaics; III-V semiconductors; multijunction solar cells; thin-film solar cells ID III-NITRIDE ALLOYS; SOLAR-CELL; GAAS AB Photovoltaics are important in terrestrial applications such as remote power and renewable energy but are the primary source of electrical power for space systems. For space applications, priorities are high conversion efficiency and resistance to radiation-induced degradation. The emphasis is on III-V multi-junction solar cells and comparatively lower efficiency but flexible, lightweight thin-film solar cells. Triple-junction III-V solar cells have reached conversion efficiencies of 30% at air mass zero (AMO). New lattice mismatch techniques and nitride materials bold promise for further efficiency increases. Thin-film solar cells generally have less than 15% efficiency but greater radiation resistance, lower cost, and lower mass. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Senft, DC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM donna.senft@kirtland.af.mil NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 34 IS 5 BP 571 EP 574 DI 10.1007/s11664-005-0067-8 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 930JJ UT WOS:000229411600016 ER PT J AU O'Brien, WT Lattin, GE AF O'Brien, WT Lattin, GE TI "My airway is closing" SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ADULT EPIGLOTTITIS C1 USAF, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. RP O'Brien, WT (reprint author), USAF, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM William.obrien@travis.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DOWDEN PUBLISHING CORP PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 54 IS 5 BP 423 EP 425 PG 3 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 927KS UT WOS:000229193400008 PM 15865899 ER PT J AU Flake, ZA Hinojosa, JR Brown, M Crawford, P AF Flake, ZA Hinojosa, JR Brown, M Crawford, P TI Is DEET safe for children? SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID INSECT REPELLENTS C1 Ft Collins Family Med Residency Program, Ft Collins, CO USA. Forbes Reg Hosp, Monroeville, PA USA. USAF, Eglin Family Practice Residency, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Flake, ZA (reprint author), Ft Collins Family Med Residency Program, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU DOWDEN PUBLISHING CORP PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 54 IS 5 BP 468 EP 469 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 927KS UT WOS:000229193400019 PM 15865909 ER PT J AU Bolender, MA Doman, DB AF Bolender, MA Doman, DB TI Nonlinear control allocation using piecewise linear functions: A linear programming approach SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance Navigation and Control Conference CY AUG 16-19, 2004 CL Providence, RI SP AIAA C1 USAF, Control Design & Anal Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bolender, MA (reprint author), USAF, Control Design & Anal Branch, 2210 8th St,Room 305, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 28 IS 3 BP 558 EP 562 DI 10.2514/1.12997 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 925DG UT WOS:000229031100021 ER PT J AU Chiu, YH Austin, BL Dressler, RA Levandier, D Murray, PT Lozano, P Martinez-Sanchez, M AF Chiu, YH Austin, BL Dressler, RA Levandier, D Murray, PT Lozano, P Martinez-Sanchez, M TI Mass spectrometric analysis of colloid thruster ion emission from selected propellants SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID EVAPORATION; KINETICS AB Retarding potential, time-of-flight (TOF), and quadrupole mass spectrometric methods are applied to study the charged species emitted from a colloid thruster operated in a cone-jet mode at high-specific-impulse operating conditions. Measurements are conducted for two propellants, a 28.4 wt% NaI/formamide electrolyte solution and the ionic liquid 1ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIM][BF4]). When operated at a volume How rate of 2-6 x 10(-14) m(3)/s and a positive polarity, the electrolyte solution yields an average specific charge, q/m, of &SIM; 11,000 C/kg with an ion/droplet current ratio of 9 to 1. Fully angularly integrated TOF measurements determine an average mass-to-charge ratio of 253 atomic mass units. The axial quadrupole mass spectrometric measurement identifies solvated sodium ions, Na+(HCONH2)(n) (n = 1,..., 10), with a distribution peaked at n = 4. Stopping potential and retarding potential measurements suggest that most charged particles are produced with energies &SIM; 200 V below the capillary bias potential. The inability to operate this propellant in a pure ion emission mode makes the thruster inefficient when operated in the ion-evaporation, high-specific-impulse conditions. The ionic liquid, [EMIM][BF4], is operated in a pure ion emission mode for both positive and negative polarity, yielding mean specific charges exceeding 250,000 C/kg. X([EMIM][BF4])n (n = 0, 1, 2) ions, where X = EMIM+ or BF4-, are identified. Contrary to the electrolyte solution, the energy analysis of the field-evaporated ions reveals that the ions are produced at the capillary potential with a narrower energy width of 50 V. For an acceleration voltage of 1500 V, a specific impulse of &SIM; 4000 s at an efficiency exceeding 90% is recorded. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton, MA 02159 USA. Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. MIT, Space Propuls Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Chiu, YH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 21 IS 3 BP 416 EP 423 DI 10.2514/1.9690 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 926OO UT WOS:000229132700005 ER PT J AU Li, D Keefer, D Rhodes, R Merkle, CL Kolokolnikov, K Thibodeaux, R AF Li, D Keefer, D Rhodes, R Merkle, CL Kolokolnikov, K Thibodeaux, R TI Analysis of magnetohydrodynamic generator power generation SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB The three-dimensional current and fluid flow characteristics of diagonally connected magnetohydrodynamics generators are studied by means of numerical solutions. The formulation solves the Navier-Stokes equations in conjunction with the magnetic diffusion equation and a two-equation turbulence model on a hybrid unstructured grid. The current is obtained from Ampere's law, and a generalized Ohm's law is used to include the Hall effect. A flux-split upwind discretization is used for the convective terms along with a nonconservative correction that drives the divergence of the magnetic field to zero. Physical difficulties with boundary conditions are removed by extending the computational domain into the far field to encompass the plasma channel, the conducting and dielectric walls, and the surrounding air. The fluid How and magnetic field solvers can be updated in loosely or closely coupled fashion depending on the magnetic Reynolds number. Results are shown for supersonic flow generators with both constant and diverging area channels. Properties are based on equilibrium table lookup for combustion gas products with potassium seedant. C1 Univ Tennessee, Inst Space, MAES, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Power Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, D (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Inst Space, MAES, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 21 IS 3 BP 424 EP 432 DI 10.2514/1.4415 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 926OO UT WOS:000229132700006 ER PT J AU Amundsen, RM Dec, JA George, BE AF Amundsen, RM Dec, JA George, BE TI Aeroheating thermal model correlation for Mars Global Surveyor solar array SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 36th Thermophysics Conference CY JUN 23-26, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP AIAA AB The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft made use of aerobraking to gradually reduce its orbit period from a highly elliptical insertion orbit to its final science orbit. Aerobraking produces a high heat load on the solar arrays, which have a large surface area exposed to the airflow and relatively low mass. To accurately model the complex behavior during aerobraking, the thermal analysis needed to be tightly coupled to the spatially varying, time-dependent aerodynamic heating. Also, the thermal model itself needed to capture accurately the behavior of the solar array and its response to changing heat load conditions. The correlation of the thermal model to flight data allowed a validation of the modeling process, as well as information on what processes dominate the thermal behavior. Correlation in this case primarily involved detailing the thermal sensor nodes, using as-built mass to modify material property estimates, refining solar-cell assembly properties, and adding detail to radiation and heat-flux boundary conditions. This paper describes the methods used to develop finite element thermal models of the MGS solar array and the correlation of the thermal model to flight data from the spacecraft drag passes. Correlation was made to data from four flight thermal sensors over three of the early drag passes. Good correlation of the model was achieved, with a maximum difference between the predicted model maximum and the observed flight maximum temperature of less than 5%. Lessons learned in the correlation of this model assisted in validating a similar model and method used for the Mars Odyssey solar-array aeroheating analysis, which were used during on-orbit operations. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Struct & Thermal Anal Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. USAF, Test & Operat Div, SMC Detachment, Kirtland AFB, NM 87111 USA. RP Amundsen, RM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Struct & Thermal Anal Branch, Mail Stop 431, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3 BP 457 EP 466 DI 10.2514/1.3501 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 935BM UT WOS:000229754000010 ER PT J AU Bautista, IS Bergren, SE Franke, ME AF Bautista, IS Bergren, SE Franke, ME TI Cold-flow testing of subscale model exhaust system for space-based laser SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 34th Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference CY JUN 23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB High-speed airflow through stacked rings of nozzles and an exhaust manifold is described. The rings and exhaust manifold are part of a scale model of one quadrant of the conceptual Space-Based Laser Integrated Flight Experiment chemical laser. This model consisted of a nozzle array, centerbody, and supersonic diffuser. A transition structure mated the test section to a blowdown/vacuum system. Rapid data acquisition and schlieren photography indicated that quasi-steady supersonic flow lasted for approximately 10 s from startup until the vacuum system pressure increased. During the test, a well-defined oblique shock wave was attached to the leading edge of the centerbody, where the flow reached a Mach number of 2.8. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bautista, IS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3 BP 500 EP 509 DI 10.2514/1.4420 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 935BM UT WOS:000229754000015 ER PT J AU Fair, GE Lange, FF AF Fair, GE Lange, FF TI Ceramic composites with three-dimensional architectures designed to produce a threshold strength - 1. Processing SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RESIDUAL COMPRESSIVE STRESS; LAMINAR CERAMICS; POWDER; RELIABILITY; PROFILES; CRACKING; EXHIBIT; ALUMINA; CURVES AB A processing method was developed to produce a composite architecture that consisted of polyhedra of one material separated from one another by thin layers of a second material. The materials used for this study were selected so that the material separating the polyhedra would develop large compressive stresses during cooling because of differential thermal contraction. This architecture was developed to determine if it could be used to produce a ceramic composite that exhibited an isotropic threshold strength; a threshold strength has been previously demonstrated for periodic laminates containing thin layers in residual compression. To produce the current architecture, spherical alumina agglomerates were produced by suspending aqueous slurry droplets in an upward flow of a hygroscopic liquid; during the suspension period, the water was absorbed from the droplets, thereby consolidating the particles within an agglomerate. The agglomerates were then coated with thin layers of mullite-alumina using methods commonly employed in the pharmaceutical processing industry. The coated agglomerates were then consolidated into compacts by a two-step process in which the agglomerates were first uniaxially pressed at low pressure and then isopressed at high pressure. The uniaxial consolidation introduced a small degree of anisotropy into the composite architecture. Edge-cracking was observed for compressive layers containing 55 vol% mullite, thereby confirming that the appropriate compressive stresses were developed within the architecture. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Fair, GE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM geoff.fair@wpafb.af.mil NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 88 IS 5 BP 1158 EP 1164 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00239.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 925PZ UT WOS:000229066400011 ER PT J AU Massey, SM McKay, JB Russell, TH Paxton, AH Miller, HC Basu, S AF Massey, SM McKay, JB Russell, TH Paxton, AH Miller, HC Basu, S TI Diode-pumped Nd : YAG and Nd : glass spinning-disk lasers SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE LASERS AB Results are presented showing that high laser output efficiencies and a significant reduction in thermal effects can be achieved by a spinning of an optically pumped disk of gain material in a laser cavity. Waste heat is removed from the disk by conduction to cold plates across a thin gas layer. With this approach, a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser has been demonstrated at 10.3-W cw output power, TEM00 mode, with a slope efficiency of 59%. A Nd:glass spinning-disk laser has also been demonstrated at 35-W cw, multimode, with a slope efficiency of 40%. As the disk revolution rate was scanned from 1 to 26 Hz, the laser power first increased to a maximum value then decreased for increasingly higher rates. However, when the laser resonator axis was advanced with respect to the pump, the optimum spin rate shifted to higher values. © 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sparkle Opt Corp, Rolling Hills Estates, CA 90274 USA. RP Massey, SM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1003 EP 1009 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.22.001003 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 924OZ UT WOS:000228989500008 ER PT J AU Statom, TK Ruebush, M Shiffler, DA Schamiloglu, E LaCour, M Golby, K AF Statom, TK Ruebush, M Shiffler, DA Schamiloglu, E LaCour, M Golby, K TI Adsorbate effects on pulsed electron diode anode thermal response SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; CATHODE AB Anode thermal response is important in determining the operation of repetitively pulsed electron diodes and the systems using them. Thermal response determines desorption, cooling requirements, and power deposition. This article describes experimental results from an electron beam diode fitted with both solid aluminum and two types of carbon-carbon fiber anodes. The temperature response is modeled and is used in conjunction with experimental data to study the effect of adsorbates on the anode. Power to the anode is determined through the material properties and modeled temperature response. Thermal properties of the anode are considered with respect to electron stimulated desorption of adsorbates on the anode, as an ion source, leading to plasma development and diode impedance collapse. © 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 AF Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Kirtland AFB, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. SAIC, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Statom, TK (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 23 IS 3 BP 470 EP 474 DI 10.1116/1.1887197 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 926LF UT WOS:000229124000015 ER PT J AU Sullivan, GJ Ikhlassi, A Bergman, J DeWames, RE Waldrop, JR Grein, C Flatte, M Mahalingam, K Yang, H Zhong, M Weimer, M AF Sullivan, GJ Ikhlassi, A Bergman, J DeWames, RE Waldrop, JR Grein, C Flatte, M Mahalingam, K Yang, H Zhong, M Weimer, M TI Molecular beam epitaxy growth of high quantum efficiency InAs/GaSb superlattice detectors SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Meeting of the North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (NAMBE 2004) CY OCT 10-13, 2004 CL Banff, CANADA ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; MU-M; PHOTOVOLTAIC DETECTORS; GASB; HETEROSTRUCTURES; SEGREGATION; INTERFACE; CUTOFF; INAS; EXCHANGE AB InAs/GaSb superlattices are leading candidates for next generation long-wave infrared and very-long-wave infrared photodetectors. These heterostructures are expected to hold important advantages over existing materials systems, primarily bulk HgCdTe alloys. To realize their inherent potential, however, superlattice materials with low defect density and improved device characteristics must be demonstrated. Here, we report on the molecular beam epitaxy growth and characterization of an 11 mu m cutoff wavelength InAs/GaSb superlattice detector with a state-of-the-art single-pass, internal quantum efficiency of 36%. The shutter sequencing used to form the GaSb-on-InAs and InAs-on-GaSb superlattice heterojunctions is described in detail, and the latter specifically identified as a source of morphological defects in these devices. (c) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 Rockwell Sci Co, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Iowa, OSTC, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Sullivan, GJ (reprint author), Rockwell Sci Co, 1049 Camino Dos Rios, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. EM gsullivan@rwsc.com RI yu, yan/C-2322-2012 NR 22 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 17 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 23 IS 3 BP 1144 EP 1148 DI 10.1116/1.1928238 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 945CO UT WOS:000230479600048 ER PT J AU McGlasson, DL AF McGlasson, DL TI Using a single calibration curve with the anti-Xa chromogenic assay for monitoring heparin anticoagulation SO LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HEPARIN; CITRATE CONCENTRATION C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP McGlasson, DL (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0007-5027 J9 LAB MED JI Lab. Med. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 36 IS 5 BP 297 EP 299 DI 10.1309/HYCDUCQTV8YN145Y PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 920OT UT WOS:000228700700019 ER PT J AU Cleland, JA Childs, MJD McRae, M Palmer, JA Stowell, T AF Cleland, JA Childs, MJD McRae, M Palmer, JA Stowell, T TI Immediate effects of thoracic manipulation in patients with neck pain: a randomized clinical trial SO MANUAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE cervical pain; thoracic spine manipulation; manual therapy; mechanical neck pain ID CERVICAL-SPINE MANIPULATION; LOW-BACK-PAIN; VISUAL ANALOG SCALE; CERVICOTHORACIC MOTION SEGMENT; LATERAL EPICONDYLALGIA; SHOULDER PAIN; SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE; ARTERY DISSECTION; PHYSICAL THERAPY; FOLLOW-UP AB Mechanical neck pain is a common occurrence in the general population resulting in a considerable economic burden. Often physical therapists will incorporate manual therapies directed at the cervical spine including joint mobilization and manipulation into the management of patients with cervical pain. Although the effectiveness of mobilization and manipulation of the cervical spine has been well documented, the small inherent risks associated with these techniques has led clinicians to frequently utilize manipulation directed at the thoracic spine in this patient population. It is hypothesized that thoracic spine manipulation may elicit similar therapeutic benefits as cervical spine manipulation while minimizing the magnitude of risk associated with the cervical technique. The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to investigate the immediate effects of thoracic spine manipulation on perceived pain levels in patients presenting with neck pain. The results suggest that thoracic spine manipulation results in immediate analgesic effects in patients with mechanical neck pain. Further studies are needed to determine the effects of thoracic spine manipulation in patients with neck pain on long-term outcomes including function and disability. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Franklin Pierce Coll, Phys Therapy Program, Concord, NH 03301 USA. Concord Hosp, Rehabil Serv, Concord, NH USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Monadnock Commun Hosp, Peterborough, NH USA. RP Cleland, JA (reprint author), Franklin Pierce Coll, Phys Therapy Program, 5 Chenell Dr, Concord, NH 03301 USA. EM clelandj@fpc.edu NR 57 TC 96 Z9 101 U1 4 U2 23 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 1356-689X J9 MANUAL THER JI Man. Ther. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 10 IS 2 BP 127 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.math.2004.08.005 PG 9 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 938LX UT WOS:000230006000005 PM 15922233 ER PT J AU Repperger, DW Phillips, CA Neidhard-Doll, A Reynolds, DB Berlin, J AF Repperger, DW Phillips, CA Neidhard-Doll, A Reynolds, DB Berlin, J TI Power/energy metrics for controller evaluation of actuators similar to biological systems SO MECHATRONICS LA English DT Article DE controller evaluation; power/energy methods; force control; pneumatic muscle actuator; biomimicry ID ARTIFICIAL MUSCLES; ROBOT AB An evaluation of controller design is performed on an actuator, which resembles a biological system (pneumatic muscle actuator). The procedures studied herein do not require any presumptions of linearity or stationarity. A comparison across various controllers was obtained by considering a pneumatic muscle system being used in a force control sense over a full cycle of operation. Such an actuator has many advantages (extremely high power/weight, power/volume and power/energy ratios). A number of power and energy related measures were assessed including: (1) a workloop metric to specify the external work output of the actuator produced on the environment, (2) a power ellipsoid method to examine efficiency over one cycle of operation, and (3) other key power and energy related criteria, e.g. when peak power varies as a function of the velocity produced. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Sch Biomed Human Factors & Ind Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Gen Dynam Corp, Dayton, OH 45458 USA. RP Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0957-4158 J9 MECHATRONICS JI Mechatronics PD MAY PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 459 EP 469 DI 10.1016/j.mechatronics.2004.10.002 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA 969FF UT WOS:000232218500004 ER PT J AU Beidleman, BA Fulco, CS Zupan, MF Muza, SR Rock, PB Payn, T Hannon, M Cymerman, A AF Beidleman, Beth A. Fulco, Charles S. Zupan, Michael F. Muza, Stephen R. Rock, Paul B. Payn, Tamara Hannon, Megan Cymerman, Allen TI Sea Level And Moderate Altitude Residents Experience A Similar Decrement In Vo(2peak) Upon Ascent To 4300 M SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Beidleman, Beth A.; Fulco, Charles S.; Muza, Stephen R.; Rock, Paul B.; Cymerman, Allen] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA USA. [Zupan, Michael F.; Payn, Tamara; Hannon, Megan] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM beth.beidleman@na.amedd.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 SU 5 MA 1555 BP S296 EP S296 DI 10.1097/00005768-200505001-01551 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KC UT WOS:000208070302049 ER PT J AU Cooper, LW Garrett, WE Beutler, AI AF Cooper, Leslie W. Garrett, William E. Beutler, Anthony I. TI Comparison Of Integrated Electromyography During Isometric And Isokinetic Contractions In Normal Subjects SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cooper, Leslie W.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Garrett, William E.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. [Beutler, Anthony I.] Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AfB, MD USA. EM lwcooper@excite.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 SU 5 MA 2030 BP S393 EP S394 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KC UT WOS:000208070302445 ER PT J AU Fulco, CS Zupan, M Hannon, M Payn, T Kambis, KW Glickman, E Muza, SR Rock, PB Elliott, L Cymerman, A AF Fulco, Charles S. Zupan, Michael Hannon, Megan Payn, Tamara Kambis, Ken W. Glickman, Ellen Muza, Stephen R. Rock, Paul B. Elliott, Leonard Cymerman, Allen TI Endurance Performance Of Moderate Altitude Residents Improves During Early Exposure To 4300 M SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fulco, Charles S.; Kambis, Ken W.; Glickman, Ellen; Muza, Stephen R.; Rock, Paul B.; Elliott, Leonard; Cymerman, Allen] USARIEM, Natick, MA USA. [Zupan, Michael; Hannon, Megan; Payn, Tamara] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 SU 5 MA 1553 BP S295 EP S296 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KC UT WOS:000208070302047 ER PT J AU Hill, JC Mazzola, TJ Poddar, SK AF Hill, John C. Mazzola, Timothy J. Poddar, Sourav K. TI Axillary Arm Pain In A Cyclist SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hill, John C.; Poddar, Sourav K.] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Mazzola, Timothy J.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM John.Hill@uchsc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 SU 5 MA 1762 BP S340 EP S341 DI 10.1097/00005768-200505001-01761 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KC UT WOS:000208070302237 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Stefansson, N Doherty, RD AF Semiatin, SL Stefansson, N Doherty, RD TI Prediction of the kinetics of static globularization of Ti-6Al-4V SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SHAPE INSTABILITIES; THERMAL-STABILITY; MICROSTRUCTURE; TITANIUM; GROWTH AB The time for the static globularization of alpha lamellae in Ti-6Al-4V was predicted using analytical and finite-difference models based on the diffusion-controlled migration of the edges of remnant pancake-shaped particles. Similar to a previous two-dimensional analysis of the cylinderization of a semi-infinite, platelike second phase, the models quantified the influence of heat-treatment temperature, platelet thickness, and platelet diameter-to-thickness ratio on globularization kinetics. The present approaches were validated by comparison to previous observations of static globularization of Ti-6Al-4V at 955 degrees C. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Composite Mat Res & Dev, Salem, OR 97302 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lee.semiatin@wpatb.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 13 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 24 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 36A IS 5 BP 1372 EP 1376 DI 10.1007/s11661-005-0229-6 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 921WY UT WOS:000228797500031 ER PT J AU Ketchum, NS Michalek, JE AF Ketchum, NS Michalek, JE TI Postservice mortality of Air Force veterans occupationally exposed to herbicides during the Vietnam War: 20-year follow-up results SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OPERATION RANCH HAND; SERUM DIOXIN; CANCER MORTALITY; PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY; INTERNATIONAL COHORT; PHENOXY HERBICIDES; PATERNAL DIOXIN; HEALTH-STATUS; WORKERS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN AB Since 1982, the Air Force Health Study has continued to assess the mortality for veterans of Operation Ranch Hand, the unit responsible for aerially spraying herbicides in Vietnam. The mortality for 1,262 Ranch Hand veterans to December 31, 1999 was contrasted with that for 19,078 comparison veterans. The relative risk (RR) for all-cause death was borderline significantly increased (RR, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.3; p = 0.06). The risk of death caused by cancer was not increased (RR = 1.0), but the risk of death caused by circulatory system diseases was significantly increased among enlisted ground crew workers (RR = 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.4; p = 0.001). Results for Ranch Hand all-cause death differed from previous reports, with the RR now exceeding 1.0. The risk of death attributable to circulatory system diseases continues to be increased, especially for enlisted ground crew, a subgroup with relatively high skin exposure to herbicides. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Ketchum, NS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 45 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 170 IS 5 BP 406 EP 413 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JL UT WOS:000235831300014 PM 15974208 ER PT J AU Dobbs, MR Wicklund, MP AF Dobbs, MR Wicklund, MP TI Preface - Toxic and environmental neurology SO NEUROLOGIC CLINICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MMCN, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Dobbs, MR (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MMCN, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM michael.dobbs@lackland.af.mil; matthew.wicklund@lackland.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8619 J9 NEUROL CLIN JI Neurol. Clin. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 23 IS 2 BP XIII EP XIV DI 10.1016/j.ncl.2004.12.001 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 911UY UT WOS:000228032600001 ER PT J AU Schmid, C Rotenberg, JS AF Schmid, C Rotenberg, JS TI Neurodevelopmental toxicology SO NEUROLOGIC CLINICS LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; THIMEROSAL EXPOSURE; CAUSAL ASSOCIATION; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; CHILD-DEVELOPMENT; UNITED-KINGDOM; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; NEUROTOXICITY; VULNERABILITY; PESTICIDES AB This review offers basic principles for the clincian faced with a potential developmental neurotoxin. Normal central nervous system development is described, with particular emphasis on known vulnerable periods for toxic exposures. This article details three prevalent nervous system teratogens and the controversy regarding mercury exposure and the hypothesized link to autism. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio Mil Pediat Consortium, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, San Antonio Mil Pediat Consortium, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Rotenberg, JS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio Mil Pediat Consortium, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM joshua.rotenberg@lackland.af.mil NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8619 J9 NEUROL CLIN JI Neurol. Clin. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 23 IS 2 BP 321 EP + DI 10.1016/j.ncl.2004.12.010 PG 17 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 911UY UT WOS:000228032600003 PM 15757787 ER PT J AU Eicher, T Avery, E AF Eicher, T Avery, E TI Toxic encephalopathies SO NEUROLOGIC CLINICS LA English DT Review ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CARBON-MONOXIDE INTOXICATION; DOMOIC ACID INTOXICATION; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; NEUROLOGIC SEQUELAE; TRICHLOROETHYLENE EXPOSURE; POISONED PATIENTS; BRAIN-SYNDROME; MANGANESE AB Effective brain function is dependent on precise and complex interactions among neurotransmitters, hormones, enzymes, and electrolytes. Many of the chemically complex substances with which we come into contact can disrupt this intricately balanced system. Toxic substances, whether ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin, may cause an encephalopathic state directly by affecting the brain itself or indirectly by compromising the brain's supportive systems. This article focuses on neurotoxins (heavy metals, solvents and vapors, pesticides, and natural neurotoxins) that directly induce an encephalopathic state. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MMCN, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Avery, E (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MMCN, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM eleanor.avery@lackland.af.mil NR 108 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8619 J9 NEUROL CLIN JI Neurol. Clin. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 23 IS 2 BP 353 EP + DI 10.1016/j.ncl.2004.12.004 PG 25 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 911UY UT WOS:000228032600005 PM 15757789 ER PT J AU Grogan, PM Katz, JS AF Grogan, PM Katz, JS TI Toxic neuropathies SO NEUROLOGIC CLINICS LA English DT Article ID OXIDE-INDUCED NEUROPATHY; NERVOUS-SYSTEM TOXICITY; N-HEXANE NEUROPATHY; PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY; NITROUS-OXIDE; TICK PARALYSIS; ALCOHOLIC NEUROPATHY; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; TULLIDORA KARWINSKIA; ERGOT INTOXICATION AB Toxic exposure to a wide variety of substances may result in the development of clinical neuropathy syndromes. This review synthesizes the current information available on the relationship between various neuropathies and exposures to heavy metals, organic chemicals, prescription medications, substances of abuse, toxic marine and plant organisms, and venomous animals. The clinical phenotype, electrodiagnostic and histopathologic work-up, prognosis, and available treatments of each neuropathy are discussed. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Palo Alto Vet Affairs Hlth Care Syst, Dept Neurol, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Grogan, PM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MMCN, Dept Neurol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM patrick.grogan@lackland.af.mil NR 93 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8619 J9 NEUROL CLIN JI Neurol. Clin. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 23 IS 2 BP 377 EP + DI 10.1016/j.ncl.2004.12.003 PG 21 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 911UY UT WOS:000228032600006 PM 15757790 ER PT J AU Wicklund, MP AF Wicklund, MP TI Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Possible role of environmental influences SO NEUROLOGIC CLINICS LA English DT Review ID MOTOR-NEURON-DISEASE; PERSIAN-GULF-WAR; PARKINSONISM-DEMENTIA COMPLEX; MAGNETIC-FIELD EXPOSURE; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; SPINAL-CORD; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; ANTECEDENT EVENTS; RISK-FACTORS AB The etiology of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains unknown. Many studies implicate toxic, dietary, infectious, neoplastic, and physical factors as predisposing or pathogenic influences. Historical, conventional and novel disease mechanisms, acting solely or in concert, may convert previously healthy individuals into terminally ill patients. Delineating those causative mechanisms moves us closer to effective treatments and cures for ALS. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Wicklund, MP (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, 59MDOS MMCN,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM matthew.wicklund@lackland.af.mil NR 172 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8619 J9 NEUROL CLIN JI Neurol. Clin. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 23 IS 2 BP 461 EP + DI 10.1016/j.ncl.2004.12.016 PG 25 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 911UY UT WOS:000228032600009 PM 15757793 ER PT J AU Jaffee, MS AF Jaffee, MS TI The neurology of aviation, underwater, and space environments SO NEUROLOGIC CLINICS LA English DT Article ID MOTION SICKNESS; MICROGRAVITY; SHUTTLE; FLIGHTS AB This article provides a brief overview of the environmental factors encountered in aviation, underwater, and space environments that are most implicated in neurologic dysfunction. Environmental factors unique to the aviation environment are hypoxia and acceleration. Common environmental factors that affect the aviation and underwater environments are the effects of pressure and decompression. A unique factor of the underwater environment is the effect of gases at depth. The distinguishing feature of the space environment is microgravity. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Jaffee, MS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1 MMCN, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM michael.jaffee@lackland.af.mil NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8619 J9 NEUROL CLIN JI Neurol. Clin. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 23 IS 2 BP 541 EP + DI 10.1016/j.ncl.2004.12.009 PG 13 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 911UY UT WOS:000228032600012 PM 15757796 ER PT J AU Pimperl, LC AF Pimperl, LC TI Radiation as a nervous system toxin SO NEUROLOGIC CLINICS LA English DT Review ID ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; LONG-TERM SURVIVORS; ATOMIC-BOMB SURVIVORS; CELL LUNG-CANCER; PROPHYLACTIC CRANIAL IRRADIATION; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; LOS-ANGELES-COUNTY; X-RAY EPILATION; ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC-LEUKEMIA; DISEASE-FREE SURVIVORS AB Neurotoxicity from radiation can range widely and produce effects that may include (1) small absolute increases in cancer risks, (2) subtle effects on higher level functioning in some individuals, (3) severe cognitive impairment in some individuals, (4) severe focal injury that may include necrosis or irreversible loss of function, and (5) overwhelming and rapidly fatal diffuse injury associated with high-dose, whole-body exposures. An understanding of the implications of nervous system exposure to radiation can guide efforts in radiation protection and aid in the optimization of the medical uses of radiation. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Pimperl, LC (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1 MMCN, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM loyd.pimperl@lackland.af.mil NR 185 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0733-8619 J9 NEUROL CLIN JI Neurol. Clin. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 23 IS 2 BP 571 EP + DI 10.1016/j.ncl.2004.12.006 PG 28 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 911UY UT WOS:000228032600014 PM 15757798 ER PT J AU Osterbauer, PJ Dobbs, MR AF Osterbauer, PJ Dobbs, MR TI Neurobiological weapons SO NEUROLOGIC CLINICS LA English DT Article ID EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AGENTS; PUBLIC-HEALTH MANAGEMENT; CHEMICAL TERRORISM; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; BIOTERRORISM; SMALLPOX; BOTULISM; GUANIDINE; BACTERIA AB The threat of biological warfare and terrorism continues to be a growing concern. It is important for the neurologist to be acutely aware of biological and toxic agents that target the nervous system, because it is likely that a neurologist will be the first practitioner to see victims of abiological attack with certain agents. This article comprehensively reviews biological and biotoxic agents that may present with symptoms and signs referable to the central and peripheral nervous system. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Dobbs, MR (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1 MMCN, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM michael.dobbs@lackland.af.mil NR 79 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8619 J9 NEUROL CLIN JI Neurol. Clin. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 23 IS 2 BP 599 EP + DI 10.1016/j.ncl.2004.12.015 PG 25 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 911UY UT WOS:000228032600015 PM 15757799 ER PT J AU Kim, DD Page, SM McKenna, DS Kim, CM AF Kim, DD Page, SM McKenna, DS Kim, CM TI Neonatal group B streptococcus sepsis after negative screen in a patient taking oral antibiotics SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB BACKGROUND: Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of serious neonatal infection. Neonatal morbidity and mortality can be reduced by appropriate prenatal screening and intrapartum chemoprophylaxis. CASE: A 20-year-old primigravida was treated with oral antibiotics at 35 weeks for a recurrent urinary tract infection. Her GBS screen following the antibiotic treatment showed a negative culture. Me patient, therefore, did not receive intravenous antibiotics during her induction of labor for mild preeclampsia. The infant developed early onset neonatal GBS pneumonia and sepsis. CONCLUSION: Oral antibiotics can cause a temporary negative culture in a GBS-colonized patient. Relying on a negative culture for management may not be appropriate in a patient treated with oral antibiotics. Additional studies are necessary to elucidate the effects of oral antibiotics on GBS. © 2005 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kim, DD (reprint author), Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.kim@wpafb.af.mil NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 105 IS 5 BP 1259 EP 1261 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.000159040.51773.bf PN 2 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 922MS UT WOS:000228842600033 PM 15863602 ER PT J AU Stamm, JA Ornstein, DL AF Stamm, JA Ornstein, DL TI The role of statins in cancer prevention and treatment SO ONCOLOGY-NEW YORK LA English DT Review ID HMG-COA REDUCTASE; COENZYME-A REDUCTASE; LOVASTATIN-INDUCED APOPTOSIS; ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELLS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS; AVERAGE CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; TUMOR-SPECIFIC APOPTOSIS; LIPID-LOWERING DRUGS; BREAST-CANCER; PROTEIN GERANYLGERANYLATION AB Statins inhibit the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, HMG-CoA reductase, and are widely prescribed for lowering plasma lipid levels. Several statins have antitumor effects in experimental models, and observational studies suggest that this anticancer activity in the laboratory may translate into effective treatments and/or preventive strategies for certain human cancers. This paper reviews the laboratory and clinical evidence that statins have anticancer activity, discusses the possible mechanisms by which tumor growth may be inhibited by this class of drugs, and outlines strategies for the evaluation of these agents in the prevention and treatment of human cancers. C1 Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Hematol Oncol Unit, Fletcher Allen Hlth Care,Vermont Canc Ctr, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Ornstein, DL (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Hematol Oncol Unit, Fletcher Allen Hlth Care,Vermont Canc Ctr, UHC St Joseph 3100,1 S Prospect St, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. NR 103 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU P R R INC PI MELVILLE PA 48 SOUTH SERVICE RD, MELVILLE, NY 11747 USA SN 0890-9091 J9 ONCOLOGY-NY JI Oncology-NY PD MAY PY 2005 VL 19 IS 6 BP 739 EP 750 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 052EJ UT WOS:000238214000010 PM 15971450 ER PT J AU Eckert, RJ Dunn, WJ Lindemuth, JS AF Eckert, RJ Dunn, WJ Lindemuth, JS TI Immediate esthetic management of a catastrophically fractured anterior SO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID TOOTH C1 USAF, MRDG, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Lindemuth, JS (reprint author), USAF, MRDG, DC,59 DS,1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM james.lindemuth@lackland.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPERATIVE DENTISTRY INC PI INDIANAPOLIS PA INDIANA UNIV SCHOOL DENTISTRY, ROOM S411, 1121 WEST MICHIGAN ST, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202-5186 USA SN 0361-7734 J9 OPER DENT JI Oper. Dent. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 30 IS 3 BP 402 EP 404 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 925VW UT WOS:000229082400021 PM 15986963 ER PT J AU Lu, XJ Tang, SN Lin, JB Cologrove, J Tang, YJ Wang, X Zheng, L Foshee, J AF Lu, XJ Tang, SN Lin, JB Cologrove, J Tang, YJ Wang, X Zheng, L Foshee, J TI Integrated high-speed digital optical true-time-delay line with embedded electrically switchable gratings SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material DE polymeric waveguides; electro-optics; holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals; optical true-time-delay ID PHASED-ARRAY ANTENNAS; WAVE-GUIDE AB A monolithically integrated high-speed true-time-delay line with embedded electrically switchable Bragg gratings was developed and characterized. Such a monolithically integrated device structure leads to a significantly reduced device size and allows a more precise RF phase control. A 40 ps reprogrammable optical true-time delay increment was acheived with a very fast switching speed of < 50 mu s. (c) 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Crystal Res Inc, Fremont, CA 94539 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Platfrom Connect Branch, IFGD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lu, XJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, 1 Univ Ave, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM xuejun_lu@umi.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 44 IS 5 AR 050505 DI 10.1117/1.1906208 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA 974KP UT WOS:000232590600005 ER PT J AU Michaelson, PG Mair, EA AF Michaelson, PG Mair, EA TI Seldinger-assisted videotelescopic intubation (SAVI): A common sense approach to the difficult pediatric airway SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID TRACHEAL INTUBATION AB OBJECTIVES: To describe the Seldinger-assisted videotelescopic intubation (SAVI) technique, a complementary method for aiding in difficult pediatric intubations that uses common equipment available to the practicing otolaryngologist. STUDY DESIGN: Technique description. METHODS: Detailed description of technique for use of a pediatric laryngoscope with video-assisted endotracheal tube (ETT) covered rigid tracheoscopy controlled intubation in difficult pediatric airways. RESULTS: In our practice, SAVI is vital in establishing a secure airway in the difficult-to-intubate child. After insertion of a laryngoscope, an appropriate sized endotracheal tube is delivered through the glottis under direct video-visualization from a rigid telescope using a variation of the well-established Seldinger technique. The telescope serves as the stable ETT stylet that also provides panoramic visualization. The ETT slides over the telescope to provide a secure airway directly visible to all in the operating room. Benefits of the SAVI technique to previously described video-assisted intubations with flexible or specially designed endoscope devices include decreased cost, employment of previously existing endoscopy skills, the benefit of rigid delivery of the endotracheal tube as well as innate versatility to a multitude of clinical situations. CONCLUSIONS: The SAVI technique offers an additional practical clinical solution to the difficult pediatric airway. Although ultimately establishing the airway depends on the skills of the operator, the SAVI technique has saved multiple lives by using common equipment through a common-sense approach. EBM rating: D. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Mair, EA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 2200 Bergquist Dr,MCSR, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM eric.mair@lackland.af.mil NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 132 IS 5 BP 677 EP 680 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2004.12.011 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 925LZ UT WOS:000229055900002 PM 15886616 ER PT J AU Winter, LW Giuseppetti, M Breuer, CK AF Winter, LW Giuseppetti, M Breuer, CK TI A case report of midgut atresia and spontaneous closure of gastroschisis SO PEDIATRIC SURGERY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE gastroschisis; intestinal atresia; congenital short bowel syndrome ID ABDOMINAL-WALL; DEFECT; BOWEL AB We report a case in which a neonate with a prenatal diagnosis of gastroschisis was born with midgut atresia and the mummified remains of the midgut arising from a spontaneously closed abdominal wall defect. As our ability to prenatally diagnose abdominal wall defects has improved, we have gained some insight into the prenatal natural history of this pathological process. We present a case in which an abdominal wall defect spontaneously closed and was associated with an apparent in utero midgut vascular accident. This unusual case provides some insight into the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of gastroschisis. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Breuer, CK (reprint author), 333 Cedar St 132 FMB, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM Christopher.Breuer@Yale.edu NR 6 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0179-0358 J9 PEDIATR SURG INT JI Pediatr. Surg. Int. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5 BP 415 EP 416 DI 10.1007/s00383-005-1375-z PG 2 WC Pediatrics; Surgery SC Pediatrics; Surgery GA 922QE UT WOS:000228852000024 PM 15735963 ER PT J AU Clark, BM Schofield, RS AF Clark, BM Schofield, RS TI Dilated cardiomyopathy and acute liver injury associated with combined use of ephedra, gamma-hydroxybutyrate, and anabolic steroids SO PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE anabolic steroids; dilated cardiomyopathy; liver injury; ephedra; gamma-hydroxybutyrate; GHB; liquid ecstasy; Ma Huang ID GROWTH-HORMONE; ANDROGENIC STEROIDS; HEART-FAILURE; CELL-DEATH; MA-HUANG AB Anabolic-androgenic steroids are synthetic derivatives of testosterone that some athletes have used to enhance muscle mass and improve their athletic performance. Ephedrine is a potent sympathomimetic agent that can lead to cardiomyopathy similar to that seen with catecholamine excess. Adverse cardiovascular events attributed to anabolic steroid and ephedra use, such as arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, and sudden death, are rarely reported. Bodybuilders have used gamma-hydroxybutyrate, a potent secretagogue of growth hormone, to promote muscle development. Although dilated cardiomyopathy is a known complication of excess growth hormone levels, it has not been associated with use of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. A healthy 40-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for new-onset congestive heart failure and severe acute hepatitis that developed several months after he began using anabolic-androgenic steroids, ephedra, and gamma-hydroxybutyrate supplements. Analysis with an objective causality assessment scale revealed a probable adverse drug reaction between the patient's use of anabolic steroids, ephedra, and gamma-hydroxybutyrate and the development of his cardiomyopathy and acute liver injury. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Florida, Coll Med, Div Cardiovasc Med, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Clark, BM (reprint author), USAF, Ctr Med, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1,MMIMR, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM brychan.clark@lackland.af.mil NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU PHARMACOTHERAPY PUBLICATIONS INC PI BOSTON PA NEW ENGLAND MEDICAL CENTER, 806, 750 WASHINGTON ST, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA SN 0277-0008 J9 PHARMACOTHERAPY JI Pharmacotherapy PD MAY PY 2005 VL 25 IS 5 BP 756 EP 761 DI 10.1592/phco.25.5.756.63592 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 922AY UT WOS:000228809200014 PM 15899737 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Alsing, PM Apostolova, T Cardimona, DA AF Huang, DH Alsing, PM Apostolova, T Cardimona, DA TI Coupled energy-drift and force-balance equations for high-field hot-carrier transport SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON TRANSPORT; SEMICONDUCTORS AB Coupled energy-drift and force-balance equations that contain a frictional force for the center-of-mass motion of electrons are derived for hot-electron transport under a strong dc electric field. The frictional force is found to be related to the net rate of phonon emission, which takes away the momentum of a phonon from an electron during each phonon-emission event. The net rate of phonon emission is determined by the Boltzmann scattering equation, which depends on the distribution of electrons interacting with phonons. The work done by the frictional force is included into the energy-drift equation for the electron-relative scattering motion and is found to increase the thermal energy of the electrons. The importance of the hot-electron effect in the energy-drift term under a strong dc field is demonstrated in reducing the field-dependent drift velocity and mobility. The Doppler shift in the energy conservation of scattering electrons interacting with impurities and phonons is found to lead to an anisotropic distribution of electrons in the momentum space along the field direction. The importance of this anisotropic distribution is demonstrated through a comparison with the isotropic energy-balance equation, from which we find that defining a state-independent electron temperature becomes impossible. To the leading order, the energy-drift equation is linearized with a distribution function by expanding it into a Fokker-Planck-type equation, along with the expansions of both the force-balance equation and the Boltzmann scattering equation for hot phonons. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2005 VL 71 IS 19 AR 195205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.195205 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 941WE UT WOS:000230244100056 ER PT J AU Xu, K Josyula, E AF Xu, K Josyula, E TI Multiple translational temperature model and its shock structure solution SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID NAVIER-STOKES; BURNETT EQUATIONS; WAVES; GAS; DYNAMICS; SCHEME; FLOWS AB Within a shock layer, the translational motion of the gas is more energetic in the direction perpendicular to the shock front than in the direction parallel to the shock. To predict this translational nonequilibrium, a generalized gas-kinetic BGK model is proposed. With the adaptation of a continuum gas distribution function truncated up to the Navier-Stokes order and a generalized particle collision time, this newly constructed kinetic model is used in the monatomic gas shock structure calculations, where two translational temperatures inside the shock layer are well captured. C1 Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Math, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Math, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM smakxu@ust.hkd; seswar.josyula@wpafb.af.mild RI Xu, Kun/F-7627-2011 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2005 VL 71 IS 5 AR 056308 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.71.056308 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 961UW UT WOS:000231688300067 PM 16089650 ER PT J AU Zhang, S Intrator, TP Wurden, GA Waganaar, WJ Taccetti, JM Renneke, R Grabowski, C Ruden, EL AF Zhang, S Intrator, TP Wurden, GA Waganaar, WJ Taccetti, JM Renneke, R Grabowski, C Ruden, EL TI Confinement analyses of the high-density field-reversed configuration plasma in the field-reversed configuration experiment with a liner SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIZED TARGET FUSION; PARTICLE LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; THETA-PINCH PLASMA; LARGE S-EXPERIMENT; AXIAL DYNAMICS; FRX-L; STABILITY; MODEL; FLUX; IGNITION AB The focus of the field-reversed configuration (FRC) experiment with a liner (FRX-L) is the formation of a target FRC plasma for magnetized target fusion experiments. An FRC plasma with density of 10(23) m(-3), total temperature in the range of 150-300 eV, and a lifetime of approximate to 20 mu s is desired. Field-reversed theta-pinch technology is used with programed cusp fields at theta-coil ends to achieve non-tearing field line reconnections during FRC formation. Well-formed FRCs with density between (2-4)x10(22) m(-3), lifetime in the range of 15-20 mu s, and total temperature between 300-500 eV are reproducibly created. Key FRC parameters have standard deviation in the mean of 10% during consecutive shots. The FRCs are formed at 50 mTorr deuterium static fill using 2 kG net reversed bias field inside the theta-coil confinement region, with external main field unexpectedly ranging between 15-30 kG. The high-density FRCs confinement properties are approximately in agreement with empirical scaling laws obtained from previous experiments with fill pressure mostly less than 20 mTorr. Analyses in this paper reveal that reducing the external main field modulation and/or extending the theta-coil length in the FRX-L device are critical in achieving higher FRC parameters for application in magnetized target fusion. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sy_zhang66@hotmail.com RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2005 VL 12 IS 5 AR 052513 DI 10.1063/1.1899648 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 928MQ UT WOS:000229276200057 ER PT J AU Garscadden, A AF Garscadden, A TI Gustav Konrad Medicus - Obituary SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH USA. RP Garscadden, A (reprint author), Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD MAY PY 2005 VL 58 IS 5 BP 82 EP 83 DI 10.1063/1.1995759 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 924CP UT WOS:000228956600028 ER PT J AU Poston, WSC Haddock, CK Peterson, AL Vander Weg, MW Klesges, RC Pinkston, MM DeBon, M AF Poston, WSC Haddock, CK Peterson, AL Vander Weg, MW Klesges, RC Pinkston, MM DeBon, M TI Comparison of weight status among two cohorts of US Air Force recruits SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE US Air Force; weight status; Department of Defense ID RISK-FACTOR SURVEY; BODY-MASS INDEX; UNITED-STATES; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; TOBACCO USE; OBESITY; OVERWEIGHT; SMOKING; ADULTS; PREVALENCE AB Backgound. Overweight and obesity are increasing rapidly in the US and the Department of Defense (DoD). We examined whether weight trends evidenced in the general population and DoD are occurring among individuals entering US Air Force (USAF) Basic Military Training (BMT). Methods. Individuals entering the USAF in 1996 (AF1996; N = 29,036) and 2000 (AF2000; N = 31,080), ages 17-29 years were surveyed. The two recruit cohorts were compared to age-matched individuals from the 1996 (N = 22:153) and 2000 (N = 31,861) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey (BRFSS). Results. Crude rates for all age groups and age- and gender-standardized prevalence rates reflected significant increases in overweight/obesity among recruits. The direct standardized prevalence of overweight/obesity increased nearly 24%, from 14.8% in AT1996 to 18.3% in AF2000. The increase in overweight/obesity was particularly large among male recruits ages 25-29 (i.e., from 36.4% to 44.5%) between 1996 and 2000. Conclusions. USAF cohorts were less likely to be overweight than corresponding BRFSS samples. There were 19.1 and 20.2 percentage point differences between overall crude rates of overweigbt/obesity between AF1996 and BRFSS 1996 and AF2000 and BRFSS 2000, respectively. Nevertheless, overall rates of overweight and obesity are increasing among young recruits in the USAF at a fairly marked rate (approximately one percentage point per year). (c) 2004 The Institute For Cancer Prevention and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Mid Amer Heart Inst, Hlth Res Grp, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. Univ Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Nicotine Dependence Ctr, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Coll Med, Dept Prevent Med, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. RP Poston, WSC (reprint author), Mid Amer Heart Inst, Hlth Res Grp, 4825 Troost,Suite 124, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. EM postonwa@umkc.edu OI Vander Weg, Mark/0000-0003-3631-0812 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL53478] NR 35 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 40 IS 5 BP 602 EP 609 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.09.006 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 914AH UT WOS:000228196300016 PM 15749145 ER PT J AU Birman, KP Chen, J Hopkinson, EM Thomas, RJ Thorp, JS Van Renesse, R Vogels, W AF Birman, KP Chen, J Hopkinson, EM Thomas, RJ Thorp, JS Van Renesse, R Vogels, W TI Overcoming communications challenges in software for monitoring and controlling power systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE Astrolabe; electric power grid monitoring and control; Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA); TCP/IP; utility communications architecture (UCA) AB The restructuring of the electric power grid has created new control and monitoring requirements for which classical technologies may be inadequate. The most obvious way of building such systems, using TCP connections to link monitoring systems with data sources, gives poor scalability and exhibits instability precisely when information is most urgently required. Astrolabe, Bimodal Multicast, and Gravitational Gossip, technologies of our own design, seek to overcome these problems using what are called "epidemic" communication protocols. This paper evaluates a hypothetical power monitoring scenario involving the New York State grid, and concludes that the technology is well matched to the need. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. AF Ins Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Virginia Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Birman, KP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ken@cs.cornell.edu; jc227@cornell.edu; kenneth.hopkinson@afit.edu; rjt1@cornell.edu; jsthorp@vt.edu; rvr@cs.cornell.edu; Vogels@cs.cornell.edu NR 13 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD MAY PY 2005 VL 93 IS 5 BP 1028 EP 1041 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2005.846339 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 926ML UT WOS:000229127200014 ER PT J AU Maji, AK Wegner, P AF Maji, AK Wegner, P TI Deployable optical telescope testbed, manufacturing challenges SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In order to significantly improve the resolution of space-based imaging it is necessary to design telescopes significantly larger than the 2.4 meter diameter Hubble Space Telescope. Due to the volume constraint of launch vehicles, such space-based telescopes will have to be stowed during launch and deployed in space. A laboratory test-bed has been developed at the Air Force Research Laboratory's Space Vehicles Directorate (AFRL/VS) to demonstrate the capability to phase several mirror segments in the presence of ambient disturbance through closed-loop control technology. The test-bed is also going to facilitate ground testing of component level technologies such as hinges, latches and lightweight composite mirrors. The ability to create large lightweight telescopes that can maintain required pointing accuracy is a major technical challenge for future space based imaging. This challenge is augmented by the requirements for the structure to have adequate stiffness and dimensional tolerance for imaging in visible optical wavelengths. Because of their low thermal expansion and excellent stiffness to weight ratio, composites (graphite/epoxy) are ideally suited for most of the structural components. This paper will describe the various composite parts that make up this Deployable Optical Telescope (DOT) test-bed with three mirror segments and identify the manufacturing challenges encountered during their fabrication and integration. Testing of coupons and structural components were also carried out to validate design and analyses. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Maji, AK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. EM arup.maji@kirtland.af.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 3 BP 6 EP 12 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 920ZD UT WOS:000228733100002 ER PT J AU Rawal, S Koch, LR AF Rawal, S Koch, LR TI Design and development of carbon-carbon ion-engine grids SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Future Department of Defense, NASA, and commercial spacecraft missions are envisioned with electrostatic (ion) propulsion systems for on-board propulsion. One of the major life-limiting mechanisms for rare gas fueled ion engines is the sputter erosion of conventional molybdenum (Mo) grids due to bombardment from high-energy ions. Carboncarbon (C-C) composite, with nearly an order-of-magnitude lower sputter erosion rate than Mo, and high stiffness/strength, excellent dimensional stability and electrical properties, are an optimal material for ion engine grids. An Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) sponsored program is directed to develop robust, erosion-resistant C-C grids for ion thrusters. Using a building block approach, two different C-C grid concepts have been designed, analyzed and fabricated. These C-C grid designs include 1) flat slotted grids, and 2) flat circular aperture grids. Preliminary design analysis was performed to establish the C-C architecture for both the screen and accelerator grids. Flat slotted and circular aperture grids were successfully fabricated and tested to verify mechanical integrity during vibration tests. This paper discusses the status and results of design, analysis, fabrication and test efforts of these C-C grids. C1 Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Denver, CO USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rawal, S (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Denver, CO USA. EM suraj.p.rawal@lmco.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 3 BP 42 EP 48 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 920ZD UT WOS:000228733100005 ER PT J AU Berdichevsky, V Dimiduk, D AF Berdichevsky, V Dimiduk, D TI On failure of continuum plasticity theories on small scales SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE dislocation theory; micro-mechanics AB We argue that continuum plasticity theories cannot describe plastic behavior if the characteristic length of the problem becomes of the order of the decorrelation length of the dislocation structure. (c) 2005 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Berdichevsky, V (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM vberd@eng.wayne.edu NR 1 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 52 IS 10 BP 1017 EP 1019 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.01.025 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 909HN UT WOS:000227851100013 ER PT J AU Gunapala, SD Bandara, SV Liu, JK Hill, CJ Rafol, SB Mumolo, JM Trinh, JT Tidrow, MZ Le Van, PD AF Gunapala, SD Bandara, SV Liu, JK Hill, CJ Rafol, SB Mumolo, JM Trinh, JT Tidrow, MZ Le Van, PD TI 1024 x 1024 pixel mid-wavelength and long-wavelength infrared QWIP focal plane arrays for imaging applications SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NARROW-BAND; BROAD-BAND; CAMERA; DETECTORS AB Mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) and long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) 10(24) x 10(24) pixel quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) focal planes have been demonstrated with excellent imaging performance. The MWIR QWIP detector array has demonstrated a noise equivalent differential temperature (NEAT) of 17 mK at a 95 K operating temperature with f/2.5 optics at 300 K background and the LWIR detector array has demonstrated a NEAT of 13 mK at a 70 K operating temperature with the same optical and background conditions as the MWIR detector array after the subtraction of system noise. Both MWIR and LWIR focal planes have shown background limited performance (BLIP) at 90 K and 70 K operating temperatures respectively, with similar optical and background conditions. In this paper, we will discuss the performance in terms of quantum efficiency, NEAT, uniformity, operability and modulation transfer functions. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Missile Def Agcy AS, Washington, DC 20301 USA. USAF, Kirtland Air Force Base, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Gunapala, SD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 19 TC 69 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 20 IS 5 BP 473 EP 480 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/20/5/026 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 935QX UT WOS:000229797900029 ER PT J AU Duan, XF Brahim, B Pachter, R AF Duan, XF Brahim, B Pachter, R TI A theoretical study of Cs adsorption at tips of single-wall carbon nanotubes: field emission properties SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE density functional theory; field emission; single-wall carbon nanotubes; Cs adsorption ID ALKALI-METAL INTERCALATION; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; FABRICATION; CATHODES; EMITTERS; BUNDLES; CESIUM; STATES AB Cs intercalation has demonstrated experimentally a significant reduction of the work function of carbon nanotubes, thus improving field emission properties. In this paper, we report a density functional theory (DFT) study within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), regarding the effects of Cs on field emission of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Specifically, a comprehensive examination was carried out to investigate the effects of Cs adsorbed on capped and open-ended C(5,5) armchair SWCNT tips. Our calculations showed a reduction in the ionization potential (IP) upon Cs physisorption, thus improving the emission properties of carbon nanotubes, as reported experimentally. The structure of the adsorbed Cs-cluster, the corresponding adsorption energies, and the IPs, were altered upon the inclusion of a local electric field in the calculations to mimic the emission environment. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pachter, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ruth.pachter@wpafb.af.mil NR 37 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD APR 30 PY 2005 VL 243 IS 1-4 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.05.300 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 909IK UT WOS:000227853400003 ER PT J AU Basu, S Basu, S Makela, JJ Sheehan, RE MacKenzie, E Doherty, P Wright, JW Keskinen, MJ Pallamraju, D Paxton, LJ Berkey, FT AF Basu, S Basu, S Makela, JJ Sheehan, RE MacKenzie, E Doherty, P Wright, JW Keskinen, MJ Pallamraju, D Paxton, LJ Berkey, FT TI Two components of ionospheric plasma structuring at midlatitudes observed during the large magnetic storm of October 30, 2003 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IRREGULARITIES; LATITUDES AB We consider VHF amplitude scintillations, GPS phase fluctuations, ionosonde measurements, maps of GPS total electron content (TEC), observations of daytime aurora and TIMED GUVI images during the large magnetic storms of October 29 - 31, 2003, and find two distinct classes of plasma processes that produce midlatitude ionospheric irregularities. One is associated with auroral plasma processes; the other, with storm enhanced density ( SED) gradients, a part of which occur in close proximity to sub-auroral polarization stream ( SAPS) electric fields as discussed by J. C. Foster et al. ( 2002). We analyze in detail the storm event of October 30, 2003. The SAPS-associated plasma structures may occur by an ion temperature gradient convective instability ( M. J. Keskinen et al., 2004), but structuring by auroral processes requires elucidation. C1 Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton Ctr, MA 02467 USA. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USN, Res Lab, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Phys, Space Dynam Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Basu, S (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM sbasu@bu.edu; basu@ppd.nrl.navy.mil; jmakela@uiuc.edu; sheehanp@bc.edu; eileen.mackenzie@hanscom.af.mil; dohertpd@bc.edu; bill.wright@noaa.gov; keskinen@ppd.nrl.navy.mil; dpraju@bu.edu; larry.paxton@jhuapl.edu; ftb@cc.usu.edu RI Paxton, Larry/D-1934-2015 OI Paxton, Larry/0000-0002-2597-347X NR 10 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 29 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 12 AR L12S06 DI 10.1029/2004GL021669 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 923GG UT WOS:000228897300001 ER PT J AU Basu, S Basu, S Groves, KM MacKenzie, E Keskinen, MJ Rich, FJ AF Basu, S Basu, S Groves, KM MacKenzie, E Keskinen, MJ Rich, FJ TI Near-simultaneous plasma structuring in the midlatitude and equatorial ionosphere during magnetic superstorms SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELD; RING CURRENT; JULY 15; STORM; SCINTILLATIONS; LATITUDES AB Near simultaneous formation of ionospheric plasma density structures at middle and equatorial latitudes during the intense magnetic storms of October 29 - 31, 2003, July 15, 2000, and March 30 - 31, 2001 is investigated. The evolution of these structures is explored by measuring amplitude scintillation of satellite signals at 250 MHz, determining zonal irregularity drifts and by detecting equatorial plasma bubbles with DMSP satellites. During abrupt decreases of SYM-H (1-minute resolution Dst) that signify the penetration of high latitude electric fields, an impulsive onset of scintillation occurs at Hanscom AFB (HAFB), a sub-auroral location, as well as in the equatorial region where the early evening period corresponds to the time of scintillation onset at midlatitudes. The onset of equatorial scintillation is delayed from that at midlatitudes by about 20 minutes which can be accounted for by considering instantaneous electric field penetration and plasma instability growth time of equatorial irregularities. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton Ctr, MA 02467 USA. USN, Res Lab, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Basu, S (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM basu@ppd.nrl.navy.mil OI Paxton, Larry/0000-0002-2597-347X NR 16 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 29 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 12 AR L12S05 DI 10.1029/2004GL021678 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 923GG UT WOS:000228897300002 ER PT J AU Bishop, RL Earle, GD Larsen, MF Swenson, CM Carlson, CG Roddy, PA Fish, C Bullett, TW AF Bishop, RL Earle, GD Larsen, MF Swenson, CM Carlson, CG Roddy, PA Fish, C Bullett, TW TI Sequential observations of the local neutral wind field structure associated with E region plasma layers SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPORADIC-E; INTERMEDIATE LAYERS; LOWER IONOSPHERE; METALLIC-IONS; ATMOSPHERE; IONIZATION; LATITUDES; TRANSPORT; ARECIBO; SHEARS AB The first sequential rocket experiment to study intermediate layers in over 30 years was launched from Wallops Island, Virginia on the night of 29-30 June 2003. Using an onsite digisonde to determine the presence of sporadic E and conditions indicating the possible presence of an intermediate layer, four rockets were launched over a 4-hour period. Three of the rockets launched with at least an hour separation; they each contained chemical release experiments and plasma impedance probes. All four payloads encountered two plasma layers on both the ascent and descent of the flights. The lower-altitude layer, located at approximately 100 km, is clearly a sporadic E layer. The higher-altitude layer, located between 120 and 130 km, displays many characteristics of an intermediate layer, but it exhibits little downward motion over time. The neutral wind profiles resulting from the chemical tracer experiment are presented here along with the vertical drift velocities derived from the wind measurements. These are compared with the electron density profiles. They show a good agreement between the convergent regions in the velocity profiles and the location of the sporadic E layers. However, agreement between the center of the convergent vertical drift regions and the location of the higher-altitude layer is poor. The inclusion in the drift calculation of electric field data from the instrumented rocket significantly improves the overall agreement between the convergent vertical drift region center and the intermediate layer center. The convergent region is within 4 km of the intermediate layer. Further, the density depletions surrounding the layers coincide with the regions of divergent drift. The relatively large discrepancy observed between the shear in the vertical drift and the location of the intermediate layer implies that other factors such as horizontal motion structure variations may be important. Thus intermediate layer formation theory and subsequent evolution is still not fully understood. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Phys, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Univ Texas, William B Hanson Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Space Dynam Lab, N Logan, UT USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Bishop, RL (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, POB 92957,M2-260, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. EM rebecca.l.bishop@aero.org RI Larsen, Miguel/A-1079-2013 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 29 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A4 AR A04309 DI 10.1029/2004JA010686 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 923HF UT WOS:000228900200002 ER PT J AU Choi, YS Parthasarathy, TA Dimiduk, DM Uchic, MD AF Choi, YS Parthasarathy, TA Dimiduk, DM Uchic, MD TI Numerical study of the flow responses and the geometric constraint effects in Ni-base two-phase single crystals using strain gradient plasticity SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE single crystal superalloy; unit cell; strain gradient plasticity; geometric constraint; [001] tension ID HIGH-VOLUME FRACTION; FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; HARDENING ANISOTROPY; INTERNAL-STRESSES; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; TIME INTEGRATION; SUPERALLOY; CREEP AB The [001] tensile flow of a single-crystal superalloy (CMSX-4) having a high volume fraction of regularly-arrayed cuboidal gamma' precipitates was simulated using a gradient-dependent plasticity model for the constitutive description of the gamma-matrix. The simulated flow curves showed flow softening in the early stage of straining. Flow softening was accompanied by the organized catastrophic plastic flow of the gamma-matrix, which resulted from the breakdown of the geometric (or kinematic) constraints imposed by the gamma/gamma' microstructure. The flow-softening behavior was influenced by the thickness of gamma-matrix channels (a volume fraction of the gamma' precipitates), the flow property of the gamma-matrix and the geometry of the gamma'-precipitate edge. In particular, changing the radius of the gamma'-precipitate edge resulted in a dramatic variations in the flow curves. The present unit-cell simulations exhibited good predictions for the gamma'-precipitate size dependence of the flow stress at moderate strains. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Choi, YS (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM ychoi@ues.com; triplicane.parthasarathy@wpafb.af.mil; dennis.dimiduk@wpafb.af.mil; michael.uchic@wpafb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 50 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD APR 25 PY 2005 VL 397 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.01.057 PG 15 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 929WO UT WOS:000229377500010 ER PT J AU Tang, XN Xu, H Zhang, T Hou, Y Chang, C Ng, CY Chiu, Y Dressler, RA Levandier, DJ AF Tang, XN Xu, H Zhang, T Hou, Y Chang, C Ng, CY Chiu, Y Dressler, RA Levandier, DJ TI A pulsed-field ionization photoelectron secondary ion coincidence study of the H-2(+)(X, v(+)=0-15, N+=1)+He proton transfer reaction SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; QUANTUM-MECHANICAL CALCULATIONS; COLLINEAR REACTION HE+H-2(+)->HEH++H; TRANSITION-STATE RESONANCES; TIME-DEPENDENT WAVEPACKET; LONG-LIVED RESONANCES; HIGH-RESOLUTION; CROSS-SECTIONS; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; SCATTERING CALCULATIONS AB The endothermic proton transfer reaction, H-2(+)(nu(+))+He -> HeH++H(Delta E=0.806 eV), is investigated over abroad range of reactant vibrational levels using high-resolution vacuum ultraviolet to prepare reactant ions either through excitation of autoionization resonances, or using the pulsed-field ionization-photoelectron-secondary ion coincidence (PFI-PESICO) approach. In the former case, the translational energy dependence of the integral reaction cross sections are measured for nu(+) =0-3 with high signal-to-noise using the guided-ion beam technique. PFI-PESICO cross sections are reported for nu(+)=1-15 and nu(+)=0-12 at center-of-mass collision energies of 0.6 and 3.1 eV, respectively. All ion reactant states selected by the PFI-PESICO scheme are in the N+=1 rotational level. The experimental cross sections are complemented with quasiclassical trajectory (QCT) calculations performed on the ab initio potential energy surface provided by Palmieri et al. [Mol. Phys. 98, 1839 (2000)]. The QCT cross sections are significantly lower than the experimental results near threshold, consistent with important contributions due to resonances observed in quantum scattering studies. At total energies above 2 eV, the QCT calculations are in excellent agreement with the present results. PFI-PESICO time-of-flight (TOF) measurements are also reported for nu(+)=3 and 4 at a collision energy of 0.6 eV. The velocity inverted TOF spectra are consistent with the prevalence of a spectator-stripping mechanism. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton, MA 02159 USA. RP Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cyng@chem.ucdavis.edu; rainer.dressler@hanscom.af.mil RI Hou, Yu/F-1563-2011 NR 85 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 22 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 16 AR 164301 DI 10.1063/1.1883169 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 928RB UT WOS:000229288300013 PM 15945678 ER PT J AU Zinn, J Drummond, J AF Zinn, J Drummond, J TI Observations of persistent Leonid meteor trails: 4. Buoyant rise/vortex formation as mechanism for creation of parallel meteor train pairs SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SODIUM AB [ 1] In this paper we present numerical computations designed to demonstrate effects associated with the buoyant rise of persistent trails produced by large Leonid meteors in cases where the meteor velocity vector has a large horizontal component. We model the meteor trail as a hot cylindrical volume in an equilibrium atmosphere. The computed results show the hot cylinder first expanding radially and then rising because of buoyancy, while evolving into a pair of counterrotating linear vortices. These line vortex phenomena are offered as an explanation for the otherwise mysterious parallel pairs of trails that are often observed. We also show some high-resolution images of double meteor trails observed during the high Leonid meteor activity of 1998 - 2002. For the case of the Diamond Ring event we compare computed and measured luminosity profiles for the sodium 589 nm emission and for the red-near IR O-2 atmospheric band (O-2(b(1)&USigma;(+)(g)) O-2( X-3&USigma;(-)(g))) emission. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Zinn, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D-466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jzinn@lanl.gov; jack.drummond@kirtland.af.mil NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 21 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A4 AR A04306 DI 10.1029/2004JA010575 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 922RP UT WOS:000228855900001 ER PT J AU Koerner, H Hampton, E Dean, D Turgut, Z Drummy, L Mirau, P Vaia, R AF Koerner, H Hampton, E Dean, D Turgut, Z Drummy, L Mirau, P Vaia, R TI Generating triaxial reinforced epoxy/montmorillonite nanocomposites with uniaxial magnetic fields SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LAYERED-SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYMER MELT INTERCALATION; HOLOGRAPHIC PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; MODEL; FILMS; ORIENTATION; STIFFNESS; FIBERS AB The next step forward, transforming polymer nanocomposites from filled-polymer replacements to designed and engineered materials, necessitates the development of techniques to transform the random or ill-defined nanoscale morphologies into compositionally and spatially engineered hierarchal structures, paralleling that which underpins conventional continuous-fiber-reinforced composites. By exploiting an orthogonal magnetic susceptibility of montmorillonites (MMTs) from different deposits, a three-dimensional morphology composed of orthogonal alignment of aluminosilicate layers is generated from a mixture of montmorillonites and a uniaxial external magnetic field. Depending on the source, MMTs exhibit remnant magnetization arising from antiferro- and ferrimagnetic impurities and align with layers parallel or perpendicular to the field. Within a few minutes, application of static magnetic fields (1.2 or 11.7 T) induces stable alignment of organically modified MMT within an epoxy resin at room temperature. Structural relaxation is orders of magnitude slower, enabling the alignment to be captured during the subsequent cure. Thermal mechanical measurements demonstrate that morphology manipulation impacts the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), decreasing CTE the most in the direction of maximum MMT alignment. Knowledge of the detailed mechanism that leads to a change of the magnetic easy axis within layered silicates opens up opportunities to design novel synthetic layered silicates with unusual magnetic properties. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Tuskegee Univ, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Vaia, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 31 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD APR 19 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 8 BP 1990 EP 1996 DI 10.1021/cm048139m PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 917BU UT WOS:000228431700013 ER PT J AU Familia, AM Sarangan, A Nelson, TR AF Familia, AM Sarangan, A Nelson, TR TI Optically pumped photonic crystal polymer lasers based on [2-methoxy-5-(2 '-ethylhexyloxy)1,4-phenylenevinylene] SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID CONJUGATED POLYMERS; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; BAND-STRUCTURE; EMISSION; DFB AB An experimental study of the lasing characteristics of photonic crystal lasers based on the conjugated polymer 2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)- 1,4-phenylenevinylene (MEH-PPV) is reported in this letter. One and two dimensional (1D, 2D) photonic crystal structures were patterned on a glass substrate through interferometric lithography on photoresist layers. A 1.5 mu m layer of polymethylglutarimide (PMGI) was deposited to prevent photoxidation of the polymer. Lasing action was observed under optically pumped conditions. Instabilities associated with pumping geometries were demonstrated in the case of 2D photonic crystal laser. As a result, the laser spectrum and threshold gain were found to be strongly dependent on the excitation geometry. The broad spectrum of the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) allows laser tunability by engineering the effective refractive index of the devices or by controlling the periodicity of the photonic crystal. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Familia, AM (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM mahfouaf@notes.udayton.edu NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 18 PY 2005 VL 13 IS 8 BP 3136 EP 3143 DI 10.1364/OPEX.13.003136 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 918DX UT WOS:000228520800040 ER PT J AU Baillargeon, J Langevin, AM Lewis, M Grady, JJ Thomas, PJ Mullins, J Estrada, J Pitney, A Sacks, N Pollock, BH AF Baillargeon, J Langevin, AM Lewis, M Grady, JJ Thomas, PJ Mullins, J Estrada, J Pitney, A Sacks, N Pollock, BH TI Therapy-related changes in body size in Hispanic children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE acute lymphoblastic leukemia; body mass index; obesity; cancer risk; Hispanic ID CHILDHOOD MALIGNANCY; CRANIAL IRRADIATION; ADOLESCENT OBESITY; SURVIVORS; OVERWEIGHT; WEIGHT; CANCER; ENERGY; CHEMOTHERAPY; PREVALENCE AB BACKGROUND. The objective of this study was to examine changes over time in body mass index (BMI) from diagnosis through chemotherapy for pediatric patients with B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). METHODS. The study cohort consisted of 141 white Hispanic pediatric patients who were diagnosed with ALL and were treated at 2 South Texas pediatric oncology centers between 1993 and 2002. Changes in age-standardized and gender-standardized BMI scores were assessed. RESULTS. The study cohort exhibited a steady increase in age-adjusted and gender-adjusted BMI scores for the first 12 months of therapy, a modest increase in BMI scores during the 18-23 month and 24-29 month periods, followed by a slight decrease in BMI scores at 30 months (end of therapy). A repeated-measures analysis indicated significant effects for time (P = 0.019) and time by baseline BMI category interaction (P = 0.0001) but no significant interaction effect between time and gender (P = 0.65). CONCLUSIONS. Although it is known that leukemia therapy is associated with prevalent obesity in survivorship, its pattern of development during therapy has not been elucidated. In the current cohort of Hispanic children with ALL, BMI scores were elevated at diagnosis (mean +/- standard deviation standardized BMI Z score, 0.33 +/- 1.4), then increased, and remained elevated for the entire duration of chemotherapy. Patients who were classified as normal weight exhibited an increase in BMI over time; patients who were classified as overweight at diagnosis exhibited BMI patterns that were relatively stable; and patients who were classified as obese exhibited a very slight decline over time. These findings suggest that the risk for chemotherapy-related weight gain applies predominantly to children who begin ALL therapy within a normal weight range. (c) 2005 American Cancer Society. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. CHRISTUS Santa Rosa Childrens Hosp, Div Pediat Hematol Oncol, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Driscoll Childrens Hosp, Div Pediat Hematol Oncol, Corpus Christi, TX USA. Methodist Childrens Hosp S Texas, Div Pediat Hematol Oncol, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Pediat Hematol Oncol, San Antonio, TX USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Oncol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Baillargeon, J (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr,MSC 7933, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM baillargeon@uthscsa.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA11078] NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER-AM CANCER SOC JI Cancer PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 103 IS 8 BP 1725 EP 1729 DI 10.1002/cncr.20948 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 914EZ UT WOS:000228209300023 PM 15754333 ER PT J AU Markowicz, PP Tiryaki, H Prasad, PN Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Bunning, TJ Haus, JW AF Markowicz, PP Tiryaki, H Prasad, PN Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Bunning, TJ Haus, JW TI Electrically switchable third-harmonic generation in photonic crystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; SUPERLATTICE AB We demonstrate electrically switchable third-harmonic generation in low refractive index contrast one-dimensional photonic crystals pumped by a near-infrared laser beam. A dramatic enhancement of the third-harmonic signal is observed on the short wavelength side of the photonic crystal stop band. The enhancement of the third-harmonic generation disappears when an electric field is applied, revealing the electrical switchability of the third-harmonic generation. The observed phenomenon of enhancement is explained theoretically with a coupled-mode model. We also show that up to a modulation frequency of 10 kHz the switching properties are supported in the photonic crystal. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, WPAFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Markowicz, PP (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM ppm@acsu.buffalo.edu NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 8 AR 083512 DI 10.1063/1.1868081 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 920XT UT WOS:000228729500017 ER PT J AU Wiemeri, JC Spencer, TA Banerjee, SK AF Wiemeri, JC Spencer, TA Banerjee, SK TI Magnetic-field effects on Coulomb blockade conductance oscillations in a normal metal-insulator-normal metal double-barrier tunnel junction formed using atomic force microscope nanolithography SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-ELECTRON TRANSISTORS; SCANNED PROBE OXIDATION; ZERO-BIAS ANOMALIES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; LARGE MAGNETORESISTANCE; FILM; MAGNETOTRANSPORT; TRANSPORT; SILICON; SURFACE AB We report on magnetic-field effects on Coulomb blockade conductance features in a Ti/TiO2/Ti-cluster/TiO2/Ti double tunnel junction device formed using atomic force microscope nanolithography. Conductance oscillations are observed at 1.8, 10, and 50 K and are attributed to Coulomb blockade effects. Applying a 9-T magnetic field enhanced the conductance oscillations and clarified the Coulomb staircase in I-V curves through suppression of inelastic quantum cotunneling through both barriers. A zero-bias conductance anomaly peak is observed at 1.8 K in multiple devices and is attributed to contaminant particles creating localized magnetic moments in the tunnel junction. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, High Power Microwave Div, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Microelect Res, JJ Pickle Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78758 USA. RP Wiemeri, JC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, High Power Microwave Div, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM jeffrey.wiemeri@kirtland.af.mil NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 8 AR 084319 DI 10.1063/1.1879077 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 920XT UT WOS:000228729500106 ER PT J AU Larsson, M Ehlerding, A Geppert, WD Hellberg, F Kalhori, S Thomas, RD Djuric, N Osterdahl, F Angelova, G Semaniak, J Novotny, O Arnold, ST Viggiano, AA AF Larsson, M Ehlerding, A Geppert, WD Hellberg, F Kalhori, S Thomas, RD Djuric, N Osterdahl, F Angelova, G Semaniak, J Novotny, O Arnold, ST Viggiano, AA TI Rate constants and branching ratios for the dissociative recombination Of C3D7+ and C4D9+ SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ABSOLUTE CROSS-SECTIONS; HYDROCARBON IONS; CHEMISTRY; MODEL C1 Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Stockholm Univ, Manne Siegbahn Lab, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR 6627, PALMS, F-35042 Rennes, France. Jan Kochanowski Univ Humanities & Sci, Inst Phys, PL-25406 Kielce, Poland. USAF, Force Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Larsson, M (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RI Novotny, Oldrich/K-6691-2013 OI Novotny, Oldrich/0000-0003-2520-343X NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 15 AR 156101 DI 10.1063/1.1872839 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 927HQ UT WOS:000229185400051 PM 15945665 ER PT J AU Helfer, CA Chen, DH Mattice, WL Farmer, BL AF Helfer, CA Chen, DH Mattice, WL Farmer, BL TI Conformations produced by interactions of the side chains in poly(silyienemethylene) with the repeating sequence [Si(CH3)R-CH2](x) [R = -O(CH2)(3)OC6H4C6H5] SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE bridging methods; coarse-grained models; conformation; helix; lattice models; poly(silylenemethylene); Monte Carlo; simulations ID POLYETHYLENE CHAINS; FORCE-FIELD; LATTICE; POLY(SILYLENEMETHYLENE)S; CONFIGURATIONS; DIMENSIONS; POLYMERS; COIL AB A coarse-grained model has been developed for asymmetiically substituted poly(silylenemethylene)s in which the side chain is a flexible spacer terminated by a biphenyl unit. Each monomer unit is represented by four coarse-grained beads that interact via a Lennard-Jones potential and are subject to the first- and second-order interactions deduced from the atomistically detailed model. Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations were performed for isolated syndiotactic, isotactic, and atactic chains. Snapshots from the equilibrated coarse-grained chain on the discrete space of a high coordination lattice were reverse-mapped to atomistically detailed structures in continuous space. At 373 K, the chains were disordered independent of the stereochemical composition. The occupancy of bond pairs depended on the stereochemical composition, with the trans-gauche (tg) sequence being favored by the isotactic chain. When the simulation was performed with the backbone constrained to specific periodic structures, the g helix was the lowest energy structure for either the atactic or isotactic chains. For the syndiotactic chain, the g and gt helices were favored. The appearance of the g helix as the favored periodic structure of the isolated chain was consistent with the chain conformation reported previously for the smectic phase of this polymer in the bulk state. The g helix was disrupted when the backbone was allowed to access northelical conformations, even though these conformations may have been slightly higher in energy. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Akron, Inst Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Malone Coll, Dept Nat Sci, Canton, OH 44709 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mattice, WL (reprint author), Univ Akron, Inst Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM wlm@polymer.uakron.edu NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 43 IS 8 BP 886 EP 896 DI 10.1002/polb.20381 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 911IF UT WOS:000227995100003 ER PT J AU Anderson, KL Sinsawat, A Vaia, RA Farmer, BL AF Anderson, KL Sinsawat, A Vaia, RA Farmer, BL TI Control of silicate nanocomposite morphology in binary fluids: Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE coarse-grained molecular dynamics; layered silicates; nanocomposites; simulations; nanolayers; solution properties ID POLYMER MELT INTERCALATION; CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; REINFORCEMENT; KINETICS; MATRIX; FIRE AB In situ polymerization is the most successful technique for thermoplastics and thermosets for the preparation of well-dispersed polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites with desirable mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. The efficiency of this approach depends significantly on the polarity of the monomer and curing agent and the intermolecular interactions at the silicate surface. To explore the intermolecular interactions that influence morphology development on the mesoseale, large-scale coarse-grained models comprising a coherent stack of platelets immersed in a sea of binary fluids (representing the monomer and curing agent) have been used under isothermal isobaric conditions. The beads in the mixtures differ in their relative affinity for the silicate sheets. The simulation results indicate that completely intercalated structures can be obtained by the simple adjustment of the relative concentration of the binary fluid mixture and the pressure experienced by the nanocomposite. The generation of internal pressures associated with intercalation within a microcanonical (constant particle-volume-temperature, NVT) simulation has an impact on the observed processes. The isobaric (constant particle-pressure-temperature, NPT) ensemble is believed to more effectively represent the actual nonequilibrium intercalation process. Partial intercalation occurs at low concentrations of the component most strongly attracted to the sheets. Under select conditions, a steady increase of intercalated fluid beads indicates the initial stages of the formation of an exfoliated. structure. Indeed, exfoliated structures have been observed in simulations of sheets with lower aspect ratios. A strong partitioning effect can be seen even for low concentrations of the attractive fluid. 02005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Direct, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Farmer, BL (reprint author), Unilever Thai Trading Ltd, 18 SCB Pk Plaza Tower,1 Ratchadapisek Rd, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. EM barry.farmer@wpafb.af.mil NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1014 EP 1024 DI 10.1002/polb.20391 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 911IF UT WOS:000227995100013 ER PT J AU Pandey, RB Anderson, KL Heinz, H Farmer, BL AF Pandey, RB Anderson, KL Heinz, H Farmer, BL TI Conformation and dynamics of a self-avoiding sheet: Bond-fluctuation computer simulation SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Monte Carlo simulation; nanolayers; membranes; diffusion ID TETHERED MEMBRANES; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SURFACES; POLYMER; CROSSOVER AB The conformation and dynamics of a self-avoiding sheet are analyzed by the bond-fluctuating Monte Carlo method. The mean-square displacement of the center of mass of the sheet and that of its center node (R-n(2)) show dsymptotic diffusive behavior. The segmental dynamics in short and long time regimes can be deduced from the motion of the center node described by the power law R-n(2) similar or equal to C(1)t(2 mu) + C(2)t(2x) with mu similar or equal to 0.13 and v similar or equal to 1/2, where C-1 and C-2 are fitting constants and t is the time. The radius of gyration, Rg, scales with the linear size, L-s, of the sheet as R-g similar or equal to N-gamma with gamma similar or equal to 1/2 and N = L-s(2) and this is consistent with the conformational analysis of open tethered membranes with excluded-volume constraints. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Farmer, BL (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM barry.farmer@wpafb.af.mil RI Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1041 EP 1046 DI 10.1002/polb.20394 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 911IF UT WOS:000227995100016 ER PT J AU Pitotti, CJ Roth, EP Canfield, GM Johnson, JEB Balaich, GJ Zakharov, LN Rheingold, AL AF Pitotti, CJ Roth, EP Canfield, GM Johnson, JEB Balaich, GJ Zakharov, LN Rheingold, AL TI A new C-2-symmetric ligand for ansa-metallocene chemistry: Synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of the ansa-stannocene complex rac-[(CHBUt)(2)(C5H2Bu2t)(2)]Sn SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID MAIN-GROUP ELEMENTS; LEAD; TIN; GERMANIUM AB Reaction of the sterically demanding ligand precursor [(CHBu2t)(C5H2Bu2t)(2)]K-2 with SnCl2 in THF gave the air-stable ansa-stannocene complex rac-[(CHBut)(2)(C5H2Bu2t)(2)]Sn. A single-crystal X-ray structure of the ansa-stannocene revealed a C-2-symmetric and slipped bent structure, with the Sn2+ displaced toward an eta(2) bonding mode between bridged, highly tilted, and staggered 2,4-di-tert-butylcyclopentadienyl rings. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Balaich, GJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Chem, 2355 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2N 225, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD APR 11 PY 2005 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1806 EP 1808 DI 10.1021/om049051l PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 913YL UT WOS:000228191400005 ER PT J AU Jiao, CQ DeJoseph, CA Garscadden, A AF Jiao, CQ DeJoseph, CA Garscadden, A TI Ionization of octafluorocyclopentene, c-C5F8 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; C5F8 PLASMAS; EXCITATION; DEPOSITION; THRESHOLD; C4F8 AB The ion chemistry in octafluorocyclopentene (C-C5F8) is examined by Fourier-transform mass spectrometry under single-collision conditions in the 10(-7) Torr pressure range. Absolute total and partial cross-sections of electron impact ionization on C-C5F8 are measured as a function of the electron energy in the range 10-200 eV. The molecular ion and 11 fragment ions are observed with a total cross-section of 1.0 x 10(-15) cm(2) at similar to 70 eV. The ion population at low energies (< 40 eV) is dominated by C3F3+, C4F6+, C5F7+, C4F5+ and C5F8+. Ar+ charge transfer reaction with c-C5F8 produces the same important ions except the parent ion C5F8+. All ions from c-C5F8 are non-reactive with the parent gas molecule, except CF+ and CF3+, which react to form C5F7+. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Garscadden, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD APR 7 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1076 EP 1080 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/38/7/018 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 920HL UT WOS:000228679900019 ER PT J AU Amon, JP Jacobson, CS Shelley, ML AF Amon, JP Jacobson, CS Shelley, ML TI Construction of fens with and without hydric soils SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Wetlands Invitational Workshop CY MAY 15-16, 2003 CL Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH HO Ohio State Univ DE wetland; planting; restoration; peat; calcareous; fen; brown moss ID PEAT ACCUMULATION; VEGETATION DEVELOPMENT; NITROGEN-FIXATION; WESTERN CANADA; RESTORATION; USA; MINNESOTA; PEATLANDS; DYNAMICS; MEADOW AB The objective of this study was to show that temperate zone fens could be constructed on a surface of glacial gravel or a surface without preformed hydric soil. A reference study examined the construction of a fen on remnants of a buried fen. Each construct was replicated in four sections planted with seeds, greenhouse-grown stock or natural fen plant communities. An artesian well supplied high carbonate water through the subsurface. After 8 years, each fen contained 71 species in common, the gravel-based fen had 28 additional species and the soil-based fen had 21 additional species. On the third year, the gravel-based fen began producing calcareous peat composed of brown mosses and by the eighth year a 10 cm layer of peat covered most of the surface. The gravel-based fen produced short and less densely distributed plants than the soil-based fen but the gravel-based fen had a greater number of rare plants. While most plantings had a high degree of survival the naturally derived plugs were the most successful and the seed produced the fewest survivors. We show that, given continuous groundwater supply, it is possible to produce a high diversity fen-like environment on either substrate. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Grad Sch Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Amon, JP (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM james.amon@wright.edu NR 31 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD APR 5 PY 2005 VL 24 IS 4 BP 341 EP 357 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.11.011 PG 17 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 940ZI UT WOS:000230184000008 ER PT J AU Drummy, LF Martin, DC AF Drummy, LF Martin, DC TI Thickness-driven orthorhombic to triclinic phase transformation in pentacene thin films SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; HIGH-MOBILITY; TRANSISTORS; MORPHOLOGY; POLYMORPHISM; DIFFRACTION; TRANSPORT; FIELD AB Pentacene films are thermally evaporated onto amorphous carbon-coated mica substrates held at room temperature. The crystal structure and morphology of the films are analyzed using electron microscopy and diffraction, and a new orthorhombic structure is characterized for films below a critical thickness (see Figure). Evidence that the orthorhombic structure is thermodynamically stable at low film thickness due to its low (001) surface energy is obtained. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Biomed Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2022 HH Dow Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM milty@umich.edu RI Martin, David/B-1838-2008 OI Martin, David/0000-0003-1195-3838 NR 22 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD APR 4 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 7 BP 903 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200400189 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 916XA UT WOS:000228418700027 ER PT J AU Adelgren, RG Elliott, GS Crawford, JB AF Adelgren, RG Elliott, GS Crawford, JB TI Axisymmetric jet shear-layer excitation by laser energy and electric arc discharges SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 40th Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 14-18, 2002 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID TURBULENT MIXING LAYERS; FLOW-CONTROL; NOISE; ACTUATORS; INSTABILITIES; ENHANCEMENT; EVOLUTION; BREAKDOWN; GASES AB Two energy deposition methods (electric arcing and laser-induced optical breakdown) were used to force and control compressible mixing layers of axisymmetric jets. The effects of energy-deposition forcing methods have been experimentally investigated with schlieren imaging, particle image velocimetry, product formation flow visualizations, and high-frequency pressure measurements. Large-scale structures were forced in perfectly expanded jets with nozzle-exit Mach numbers of 1.38,1.5, and 2.0, utilizing single pulse-laser energy deposition focused at the nozzle exit. Structures were successfully forced over a range of convective Mach numbers from 0.63 to 0.85 using laser pulse energies from 5 to 40 mJ. The large-scale structure forced by laser perturbation in the Mach 1.38 jet was characterized with detailed measurements of the velocity and vorticity fields and the fluctuating pressure history. The measured convective velocity of the forced structure was approximately 25% above-isentropic theory, and the structures had a growth rate 2.1 times the undisturbed shear layer. Also, multiple-pulse electric arc discharges were induced locally at the nozzle exit and investigated with schlieren imaging. Electric arc frequencies ranging from 1 to 18 kHz for the Mach 1.38 jet were investigated with Strouhal numbers from 0.32 to 0.56 having the greatest effect. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Adelgren, RG (reprint author), USAF Test Pilot Sch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 65 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD APR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 4 BP 776 EP 791 DI 10.2514/1.8548 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 914SC UT WOS:000228246900009 ER PT J AU Kendall, BS Bush, AC Olsen, CH Zahn, CM AF Kendall, BS Bush, AC Olsen, CH Zahn, CM TI Reflex high-risk human papillomavirus testing for women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance in cytologic smears SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE human papillomavirus; chemiluminescence; clinical laboratory technique; Cervix uteri ID CERVICOVAGINAL CYTOLOGY; COMPARISON PROGRAM; PARTICIPANTS; MANAGEMENT; TRIAGE; LSIL; COLPOSCOPY; ASCUS; HPV AB Reflex high-risk human papilloinavirus (HPV) testing often is used in the management of women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance identified in cervicovaginal screening. Following implementation of reflex testing, our laboratory processed 8,022 specimens during a 20-month period; sufficient material was available for testing in 7,334 specimens. High-risk HPV was detected in 34.10% of these specimens. Detection rates varied with age, with positive rates as high as 58.46% in women 20 years old or younger, decreasing to 14.58% in women older than 35 years. The detection rate, categorized in 5-year age increments, showed a significant decrease until after 35 years, when the rate remained fairly constant (P < .0001). The detection rate decreased over the time of the study. These results demonstrate that high-risk HPV detection might vary according to the age mix of the population tested and the interval after implementation of testing. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Clin Res, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Kendall, BS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 123 IS 4 BP 524 EP 528 DI 10.1309/YTM2HOA50XUW86YC PG 5 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 910XU UT WOS:000227966300006 PM 15743736 ER PT J AU Sebold, CD Romie, S Szymanska, J Torres-Martinez, W Thurston, V Muesing, C Vance, GH AF Sebold, CD Romie, S Szymanska, J Torres-Martinez, W Thurston, V Muesing, C Vance, GH TI Partial trisomy 2q: Report of a patient with dup (2)(q33.1q35) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE chromosome 2; partial trisomy 2q; duplication (2)(q33.1q35) ID CHARACTERISTIC PHENOTYPE; DUPLICATION AB The partial trisomy 2q phenotype has been well described in the literature, primarily through cases of unbalanced translocations. While these reports contributed to the initial delineation of the phenotype, reports of de novo duplications are valuable in that they exist in the absence of an accompanying monosomy. We describe a 16-month-old female with a de novo duplication of 2q from bands q33.1 to q35. The clinical findings of this patient include a congenital heart defect, dysmorphic facial features, hypotonia, feeding difficulties, and developmental delay. In contrast to most reported individuals with trisomy 2q this patient demonstrates only mild developmental delays. We compare our findings with other case reports of partial trisomy 2q. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Allied Hlth Sci, Dept Analyt & Diagnost Sci, Genet Counseling Program, Cincinnati, OH USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Med & Mol Genet, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. RP Sebold, CD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 859th MDOS MMNP,2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM courtney.sebold@lackland.af.mil NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4825 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 134A IS 1 BP 80 EP 83 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.30463 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 910XY UT WOS:000227966700013 PM 15690398 ER PT J AU Boyd, ST Fremming, BA AF Boyd, ST Fremming, BA TI Rimonabant - A selective CB1 antagonist SO ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE endocannabinoid; obesity; rimonabant; smoking cessation ID CANNABINOID RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; OVERWEIGHT; OBESITY; WEIGHT; SR141716A; SR-141716; HEALTH; BRAIN AB OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and safety of rimonabant, a new selective cannabinoid receptor antagonist. DATA SOURCES: Primary literature and review articles were obtained via a MEDLINE search (1966-November 2004) using the key terms obesity, smoking cessation, cannabinoid, rimonabant, SR 141716, and SR 141716a. Additional studies and abstracts were identified from the bibliographies of reviewed literature. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Studies and review articles related to rimonabant and the endocannabinoid system were reviewed. Data pertinent to this article were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: Rimonabant is a selective cannabinoid receptor antagonist. Recent data have demonstrated beneficial effects of rimonabant in obesity, smoking cessation, and metabolic syndrome. Animal studies using rimonabant have shown a positive role for reducing hunger, caloric intake, and body weight and in increasing satiety. In humans, rimonabant appears to be effective for treatment of obesity and smoking cessation. Ongoing studies will examine the effect of rimonabant on obesity, metabolic syndrome, smoking cessation, and alcohol abuse. To date, the incidence of adverse effects with rimonabant has been slightly greater than placebo, with the most common being nausea. CONCLUSIONS: Rimonabant appears to be a promising drug in an entirely new class called selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists. The drug may be approved for treatment of obesity and smoking cessation in 2005. Additional studies are ongoing that may provide information on other clinical uses for this medication. C1 Creighton Univ, Sch Pharm & Hlth Profess, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. USAF, BSC, Inpatient Pharm Serv, Offutt AFB, NE USA. RP Boyd, ST (reprint author), Creighton Univ, Sch Pharm & Hlth Profess, 2500 Calif Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. EM sboyd@creighton.edu NR 30 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 11 PU HARVEY WHITNEY BOOKS CO PI CINCINNATI PA PO BOX 42696, CINCINNATI, OH 45242 USA SN 1060-0280 J9 ANN PHARMACOTHER JI Ann. Pharmacother. PD APR PY 2005 VL 39 IS 4 BP 684 EP 690 DI 10.1345/aph.1E499 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 908UE UT WOS:000227814900014 PM 15755787 ER PT J AU McGlasson, DL Kaczor, DA Krasuski, RA Campbell, CL Kostur, MR Adinaro, JT AF McGlasson, DL Kaczor, DA Krasuski, RA Campbell, CL Kostur, MR Adinaro, JT TI Effects of pre-analytical variables on the anti-activated factor X chromogenic assay when monitoring unfractionated heparin and low molecular weight heparin anticoagulation SO BLOOD COAGULATION & FIBRINOLYSIS LA English DT Article DE unfractionated heparin; enoxaparin; low molecular weight heparin; anti-activated factor X; activated partial thromboplastin time; anticoagulant; CTAD; sodium citrate ID PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME; CITRATE CONCENTRATION; THERAPEUTIC RANGE AB The purpose of this study was to determine whether the anti-activated factor X (anti-FXa) assay is less affected by pre-analytical variables in monitoring patients on unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) than the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Forty-six subjects receiving either enoxaparin (LMWH) or UFH were randomly selected. Each study subject had six vacutainer tubes (3.8% sodium citrate, 3.2% sodium citrate) drawn by an atraumatic venipuncture. One tube from each set had a blood to anticoagulant ratio of 9 : 1. The other tube had an intentional 'short-draw' of approximately 6 : 1 blood to anticoagulant ratio. All specimens had an aPTT and a chromogenic anti-FXa assay performed on each specimen regardless of heparin type. The aPTT assay mean with the 3.8% sodium citrate tube short-draw tube was statistically different from the other aPTT assays (P = 0.06). However, all six of the mean anti-FXa assays for the UFH and LMWH heparin subjects were not statistically or clinically different (analysis of variance, P = 0.9878 for UFH and P = 0.9060 for LMWH). The intentional short-draw tube did not affect the anti-FXa assay regardless of the anticoagulant. The anti-FXa assay appears to be a better method for monitoring heparin subjects than the aPTT due to the lack of effect of pre-nalytical variables. © 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res Squadron 59, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Diagnost Stago Inc, Tech Serv, Parsippany, NJ USA. RP McGlasson, DL (reprint author), USAF, 59 Cres MSRL,2200 Berquist Dr,Bldg 4430, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM david.mcglasson@lackland.af.mil NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0957-5235 J9 BLOOD COAGUL FIBRIN JI Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis PD APR PY 2005 VL 16 IS 3 BP 173 EP 176 DI 10.1097/01.mbc.0000164424.90545.6e PG 4 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 923EC UT WOS:000228890900002 PM 15795534 ER PT J AU Mohsin, SK O'Connell, P Allred, DC Libby, AL AF Mohsin, SK O'Connell, P Allred, DC Libby, AL TI Biomarker profile and genetic abnormalities in lobular carcinoma in situ SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE estrogen receptor; Ki-67 proliferation rate; lobular carcinoma in situ; loss-of heterozygosity; progesterone receptor ID P53 PROTEIN EXPRESSION; NEGATIVE BREAST-CANCER; E-CADHERIN EXPRESSION; LIGAND-BINDING ASSAY; TERM FOLLOW-UP; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DISTRIBUTION; PREDICTING RESPONSE; CELL-PROLIFERATION; ENDOCRINE THERAPY; HISTOLOGICAL TYPE AB The predisposition of patients with lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) to develop invasive breast cancer (IBC) is well known. However, relatively little is known about the biologic characteristics, which may be involved in the development and progression of LCIS. This study evaluated 59 cases of LCIS (29 pure, 30 with synchronous IBC) for five biomarkers known to be important in IBC (ER, PgR, c-erbB-2, p53 and Ki-67 proliferation rate) by immunohistochemistry. A comprehensive analysis of loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH) was performed in 12 cases (10 pure, 2 with synchronous IBC) at 15 genetic loci on 9 chromosomes. LCIS demonstrated a low grade/favorable biophenotype that was not significantly different in cases with and without synchronous IBC (ER 98%, PgR 84%, c-erbB-24%, p53 19% and proliferation rate 2%). LOH was present in 80% of pure LCIS and the highest rates of LOH were at loci on 9p (30%), 16q (63%), 17p (33%) and 17q (50%). The clustering of LOH at these four foci suggests that inactivated tumor suppressor genes in these regions may be particularly important. LOH was present in both cases of LCIS with synchronous IBC and the LOH phenotype was shared by LCIS and IBC. Our findings suggest that five known prognostic factors in IBC do not have prognostic utility in LCIS. Multiple genetic mechanisms may be involved in the development of LCIS. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Breast Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Human Genet, Richmond, VA USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Mohsin, SK (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Breast Ctr, 1 Baylor Plaza,MS-600, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM smohsin@breastcenter.tmc.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [P01 CA 30195] NR 67 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PD APR PY 2005 VL 90 IS 3 BP 249 EP 256 DI 10.1007/s10549-004-4493-8 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 917ZR UT WOS:000228508400005 PM 15830138 ER PT J AU Filatyev, SA Driscoll, JF Carter, CD Donbar, JM AF Filatyev, SA Driscoll, JF Carter, CD Donbar, JM TI Measured properties of turbulent premixed flames for model assessment, including burning velocities, stretch rates, and surface densities SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE burning velocity; premixed turbulent flames; stretch ID AIR FLAMES; INTENSE TURBULENCE; JET FLAMES; COMBUSTION; PROPAGATION; SIMULATION; NUMBERS; BURNER; REGIME; FIELD AB Several previously unreported properties of turbulent premixed flames were measured because they are especially useful for the future assessment of direct numerical simulations and models. These new properties include local stretch rates, a wrinkling parameter, the degree of flamelet extinction, and the reaction layer thickness, which were quantified using simultaneous CH planar laser-induced fluorescence/particle image velocimetry (CH PLIF-PIV) diagnostics. Other reported properties that are useful for model assessment are flame surface density (Sigma) and global consumption speed, which is one type of turbulent burning velocity. Also measured was the Meneveau-Poinsot stretch efficiency function (Gamma(K)), which plays a central role in the coherent flamelet model. Some images of the flame-eddy interactions show how eddies exert strain and how flamelets "merge." A highly wrinkled (corrugated) flame with well-defined boundary conditions was stabilized on a large two-dimensional slot Bunsen burner, It was found that the turbulent burning velocity of Bunsen flames depends on the mean velocity U, which was varied independently of turbulence intensity. It is concluded that conventional relations for the turbulent burning velocity of Bunsen flames are inadequate because they should include two additional parameters: mean velocity U and burner width W. These parameters affect the residence times of the flame-eddy interactions. A scaling analysis is presented to explain the observed trends. It indicates that if the burner width is sufficiently large, the long flame will experience significant flamelet merging, which is one factor leading to the "bending" (nonlinear behavior) of the burning velocity curve. Images of CH layers show that flame surface area is lost by flamelet merging, but is not lost due to local extinction, as no extinction was observed. The stretch efficiency function increases with increasing integral scale, indicating that large eddies are more efficient in exerting flame stretch than small eddies. (c) 2005 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, PRAS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Driscoll, JF (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jamesfd@umich.edu NR 48 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 2 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD APR PY 2005 VL 141 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.07.010 PG 21 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 914YJ UT WOS:000228263700001 ER PT J AU Byrd, LW Birman, V AF Byrd, LW Birman, V TI The estimate of the effect of z-pins on the strain release rate, fracture and fatigue in a composite co-cured z-pinned double cantilever beam SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE double-cantilever beam; z-pinned joint; fracture; fatigue; crack ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; CRACK-PROPAGATION; DCB SPECIMENS; ARREST AB The paper illustrates the effect of z-pins on the strain energy release rate in composite co-cured double cantilever beams (DCB) subject to a standard fracture toughness test. The conclusions obtained as a result of the solution illustrate that z-pins can provide drastic enhancement in fatigue and fracture properties of a co-cured z-pinned composite joint, even if their volume fraction is low. The strain energy release rate for loading and geometry combinations that do not result in immediate fracture was significantly reduced as a result of using z-pins. This slows the rate of the crack propagation if it is governed by the Paris law. Moreover, z-pins can completely arrest the crack. Although the analysis was performed for DCB specimens, the conclusions can be extrapolated to a general case of co-cured z-pinned joints. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Engn Educ Ctr, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. AFRL, VASM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Birman, V (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Engn Educ Ctr, 8001 Nat Bridge Rd, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. EM vbirman@umr.edu NR 20 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD APR PY 2005 VL 68 IS 1 BP 53 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2004.02.014 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 907CL UT WOS:000227692700007 ER PT J AU Voevodin, AA Zabinski, JS AF Voevodin, AA Zabinski, JS TI Nanocomposite and nanostructured tribological materials for space applications SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; CHAMELEON SURFACE ADAPTATION; YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; SPUTTERED MOS2 FILMS; THIN-FILMS; COMPOSITE COATINGS; MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FUTURE-DIRECTIONS AB Satellites and space-born systems have a number of moveable mechanical parts, whose reliability is severely limited by degradation of lubricants and excessive wear. Many systems may remain in space for 10-30 years and, therefore, exposed to atomic oxygen, solar radiation, energetic particles, and temperature cycling from cryogenic to 400 degrees C. Furthermore, these systems are frequently tested on the ground and stored for many years under controlled environments before launching. Also, reusable launch vehicles are so planned that they will operate with space-terrestrial cycling and with temperature spikes in excess of 800 degrees C during re-entry. A "chameleon" tribological coating concept was developed to address this challenge. This approach relies on the coating to change its surface (both chemistry and structure) to self-adjust to the environment and thus achieve long durability. The first "chameleon" coatings were made of WC, WS2, and diamond-like carbon (DLC); they provided superior mechanical toughness and performance in space/terrestrial environmental cycling. In order to address the temperature variation, the second generation of "chameleon" coatings were made of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) in a gold matrix with encapsulated nanosized reservoirs Of MoS2 and DLC. Encapsulation of MoS2 nanoparticles into Al2O3 matrix and high temperature lubrication with low melting point glassy ceramic phases were also explored. "Chameleon" coatings with various chemistries are discussed along with their characterization by various analytical, mechanical, and tribological methods. Coating toughness was remarkably enhanced by a grain boundary sliding mechanism. Unique friction and wear performance was demonstrated by testing in controlled humidity air, dry nitrogen, vacuum, 500-600 degrees C air, and in environmental cycling. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 MLBT, USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP MLBT, USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM andrey.voevodin@afrl.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 73 TC 188 Z9 200 U1 16 U2 132 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 EI 1879-1050 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 65 IS 5 SI SI BP 741 EP 748 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.10.008 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 909OL UT WOS:000227869100006 ER PT J AU Gordon, SI Dorn, RI AF Gordon, SI Dorn, RI TI In situ weathering rind erosion SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE geomorphology; glacial; organ pipe; quaternary; sierra Nevada; weathering ID ROCK-VARNISH MICROLAMINATIONS; SIERRA-NEVADA; COSMOGENIC CL-36; SOIL CHRONOSEQUENCE; ALKALI FELDSPARS; SOUTHERN ARIZONA; AJO-MOUNTAINS; CALIFORNIA; AGE; SANDSTONE AB The use of cosmogenic nuclide dating methods place in doubt the long-term future of weathering rinds (WRs) as a chronometric tool. Why estimate ages when radiometric control is possible? This paper presents evidence that WRs can provide invaluable clues about what particular sample would provide the most accurate cosmogenic age by avoiding "inheritance" of cosmogenic nuclides and by avoiding boulders undergoing spalling. The key to this new use requires testing the occurrence and nature of WR erosion. Back-scattered electron microscopy reveals that ignimbrite, andesite, basalt, and granitic clasts experience WR erosion in all subsurface and surface contexts thus far studied in Arizona, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. To understand the magnitude of WR erosion, we measured WR thicknesses, all while controlling the cosmogenic and surface stability ages of clasts by chlorine-36 and rock varnish microlamination dating methods. Our data reveal that traditional methodologies of sampling cobbles remove two-thirds of the true thickness of weathering rinds, calling into question many beliefs including the notion that clay minerals are not produced during weathering-rind formation. Comparisons of optical and electron microscope measurements support concerns that measurement of WRs by color changes, while useful as a pedagogical tool, creates serious biases in underestimating the true dynamics of WRs. In the end, we found that concordance of WR and rock coating "age trends" indicates the ideal boulder for cosmogenic nuclide dating. Offsets reveal either ongoing boulder erosion, invalidating "zero erosion" model ages, or a potential problem with "inheritance" of cosmogenic nuclides. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geog, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geog, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geog, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM steve.gordon@usafa.af.mil; ronald.dorn@asu.edu NR 89 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 67 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.06.011 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 925QL UT WOS:000229067600006 ER PT J AU Griffiths, HD Wicks, MC Weiner, D Adve, R Antonik, PA Fotinopoulos, I AF Griffiths, HD Wicks, MC Weiner, D Adve, R Antonik, PA Fotinopoulos, I TI Denial of bistatic hosting by spatial-temporal waveform design SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article AB A set of theoretical techniques to prevent a radar from being used by a bistatic radar receiver as a non-cooperative illuminator are analysed. This works by radiating in addition to the radar signal waveform, a 'masking signal' waveform which is orthogonal to the radar signal waveform, both in the coding domain and the spatial domain. A number of different coding schemes are analysed. Two spatial coding methods are presented and analysed: the first uses a pair of interferometer elements at the extremities of the radar antenna array; the second uses a Butler matrix to generate a set of orthogonal beams. System-level calculations are presented to show the level of masking of the radar signal received by a bistatic radar receiver, and the suppression of the masking signal in the host radar echo. Some ideas for further work are presented. C1 UCL, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, London WC1E 7JE, England. USAF, Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Elect Commun Engn, Commun Grp, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, London SW7 2BT, England. RP Griffiths, HD (reprint author), UCL, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Torrington Pl, London WC1E 7JE, England. EM h.griffiths@ee.ucl.ac.uk NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD APR PY 2005 VL 152 IS 2 BP 81 EP 88 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:20041236 PG 8 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 921FP UT WOS:000228749900004 ER PT J AU Subramanyam, G Heckman, E Grote, J Hopkins, F AF Subramanyam, G Heckman, E Grote, J Hopkins, F TI Microwave dielectric properties of DNA based polymers between 10 and 30 GHz SO IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE coplanar waveguide (CPW) lines; dielectric deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) based polymers; microwave characterization; microwave photonics ID PERMITTIVITY; FILMS AB Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) based polymer thin-films were characterized at microwave frequencies for the first time. The dielectric properties of the film were extracted from comparison of the propagation constants of the co-planar wave-guide (CPW) lines on bare MgO substrates and the DNA based films on MgO substrates. The insertion loss introduced by the DNA film is only 0.1 dB at 10 GHz and 0.5 dB at 30 GHz. The relative dielectric constant of the DNA based film averages to four at microwave frequencies, and the loss-tangent was below 0.1 up to 30 GHz. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Dayton, Electroopt Grad Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Subramanyam, G (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM guru.subramanyam@notes.udayton.edu NR 8 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1531-1309 J9 IEEE MICROW WIREL CO JI IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. PD APR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 232 EP 234 DI 10.1109/LMWC.2005.845705 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 913YZ UT WOS:000228192900014 ER PT J AU Erickson, JW Maybeck, PS Raquet, JR AF Erickson, JW Maybeck, PS Raquet, JR TI Muitipath - Adaptive GPS/INS receiver SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Multipath interference is one of the contributing sources of errors in precise Global Positioning System (GPS) position determination. This paper identifies key parameters of a multipath signal, focusing on estimating them accurately in order to mitigate multipath effects. Multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) techniques are applied to an inertial navigation system (INS)-coupled GPS receiver, based on a federated (distributed) Kalman filter design, to estimate the desired multipath parameters. The system configuration is one in which a GPS receiver and an INS are integrated together at the level of the in-phase and quadrature phase (I and Q) signals, rather than at the level of pseudo-range signals or navigation solutions. The system model of the MMAE is presented and the elemental Kalman filter design is examined. Different parameter search spaces are examined for accurate multipath parameter identification. The resulting GPS/INS receiver designs are validated through computer simulation of a user receiving. signals from GPS satellites with multipath signal interference present. The designed adaptive receiver provides pseudo-range estimates that are corrected for the effects of multipath interference, resulting in an integrated system that performs well with or without multipath interference present. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Maybeck, PS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 641, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Peter.Maybeck@afit.edu NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 BP 645 EP 657 DI 10.1109/TAES.2005.1468754 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 938CD UT WOS:000229976600019 ER PT J AU Yaghjian, AD Best, SR AF Yaghjian, AD Best, SR TI Impedance, bandwidth, and Q of antennas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE antennas; antiresonance; bandwidth; impedance; quality factor; resonance ID ELECTRICALLY SMALL ANTENNAS; QUALITY FACTOR; REACTANCE THEOREM; RADIATING SYSTEMS AB To address the need for fundamental universally valid definitions of exact bandwidth and quality factor (Q) of tuned antennas, as well as the need for efficient accurate approximate formulas for computing this bandwidth and Q, exact and approximate expressions are found for the bandwidth and Q of a general single-feed (one-port) lossy or lossless linear antenna tuned to resonance or antiresonance. The approximate expression derived for the exact bandwidth of a tuned antenna differs from previous approximate expressions in that it is inversely proportional to the magnitude vertical bar Z'(0) (omega(0) vertical bar of the frequency derivative of the input impedance and, for not too large a bandwidth, it is nearly equal to the exact bandwidth of the tuned antenna at every frequency omega(0), that is, throughout antiresonant as well as resonant frequency bands. It is also shown that an appropriately defined exact Q of a tuned lossy or lossless antenna is approximately proportional to vertical bar Z'(0) (omega(0)) vertical bar and thus this Q is approximately inversely proportional to the bandwidth (for not too large a bandwidth) of a simply tuned antenna at all frequencies. The exact Q of a tuned antenna is defined in terms of average internal energies that emerge naturally from Maxwell's equations applied to the tuned antenna. These internal energies, which are similar but not identical to previously defined quality-factor energies, and the associated Q are proven to increase without bound as the size of an antenna is decreased. Numerical solutions to thin straight-wire and wire-loop lossy and lossless antennas, as well as to a Yagi antenna and a straight-wire antenna embedded in a lossy dispersive dielectric, confirm the accuracy of the approximate expressions and the inverse relationship between the defined bandwidth and the defined Q over frequency ranges that cover several resonant and antiresonant frequency bands. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Yaghjian, AD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM arthur.yaghjian@hanscom.af.mil NR 40 TC 356 Z9 359 U1 4 U2 24 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD APR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1298 EP 1324 DI 10.1109/TAP.2005.844443 PG 27 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 913YV UT WOS:000228192400007 ER PT J AU Kasten, DG Liu, X Sebo, SA Grosjean, DF Schweickart, DL AF Kasten, DG Liu, X Sebo, SA Grosjean, DF Schweickart, DL TI Partial discharge measurements in air and argon at low pressures with and without a dielectric barrier SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Volta Colloquium on Partial Discharge Measurements CY OCT, 2001 CL Como, ITALY SP Politechn Milano, AEI, Milan Sect, Centro Alessandro Volta DE partial discharges; experimental setup; inception voltage; partial discharge current pulse waveform; rise time ID FIELD AB Partial-discharge (PD) characteristics in air and argon under low pressures down to 13.3 Pa (0.1 Torr) and 60 Hz ac energization are studied in an energized needle-plane electrode arrangement. The electrode configuration, vacuum chamber, facilities, and electrical connections for the experimental setup are described. Two cases are studied for each of two gases, air and argon, with 20 mm spacing between the two electrodes: (1) with and (2) without a Teflon (R) cap (dielectric barrier). Results for the four series of experiments and analysis of the discharge current pulse waveforms are presented. Topics discussed are the typical waveforms of the discharge current pulses at different pressures, and discharge current pulse rise time vs. pressure relationships. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kasten, DG (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1070-9878 EI 1558-4135 J9 IEEE T DIELECT EL IN JI IEEE Trns. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. PD APR PY 2005 VL 12 IS 2 BP 362 EP 373 DI 10.1109/TDEI.2005.1430404 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 920EW UT WOS:000228673200016 ER PT J AU Solin, JR Tylka, AJ Shea, MA Smart, DF AF Solin, JR Tylka, AJ Shea, MA Smart, DF TI The cosmic ray environment of tactical ABMs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE atmospheric neutrons; avionics single event upset (SEU); single event effect; SEU; solar particle event ID CUTOFF RIGIDITY MODEL; SOLAR PARTICLE EVENTS; HEAVY-IONS; PROTON; CREDO; MPTB; SEU AB The battlespace of tactical antiballistic missiles (TABMs) is mostly exoatmospheric and includes regions with negligible geomagnetic shielding, especially during geomagnetic storms. It is therefore necessary to harden TABMs against galactic cosmic ray (GCR) and solar particle event (SPE) induced single event effects (SEEs) and star tracker and focal plane array (FPA) glitches. The variability of the worldwide GCR and SPE exoatmospheric TABM environment is described. C1 Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, San Jose, CA 95150 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Solin, JR (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, San Jose, CA 95150 USA. EM john.solin@lmco.com; allan.tylka@nrl.navy.mil; sssrc@msn.com RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 52 IS 2 BP 546 EP 552 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.846883 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 916EF UT WOS:000228367500007 ER PT J AU Brown, MS Forlines, RA Ganguly, BN AF Brown, MS Forlines, RA Ganguly, BN TI Streamer evolution in a methane-based pulsed-dc discharge SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE emission; gas discharges; plasma properties AB Time-resolved spectrally-filtered CH* emission images of streamer development in a pulsed-direct current (dc) discharge in a methane/nitrogen mixture were recorded as a function of delay from breakdown. Single-shot images reveal one or two streamers while images averaged over 100 shots show up to eight. The intensity distribution along the inter-gap axis reflects the rise and fall of the discharge current. The intensity distribution parallel to the electrode surfaces reflects lateral discharge growth. C1 ISSI, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brown, MS (reprint author), ISSI, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM michae.brown@wpafb.af.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 256 EP 257 DI 10.1109/TPS.2005.845116 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 916ST UT WOS:000228407100017 ER PT J AU Bletzinger, P Ganguly, BN Garscadden, A AF Bletzinger, P Ganguly, BN Garscadden, A TI Effect of shock wave propagation on plasma emission in a low pressure N-2 discharge SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE glow discharges; optical imaging; shock waves AB The interaction between Mach 1.7 acoustic shock waves with 5 torr, 2.5 mA/cm(2) current density glow discharges in nitrogen was quantified from current-voltage behavior and time resolved two-dimensional C-B plasma emission. These measurements are consistent with the formation of localized electric double layer sheaths traveling with the propagating shock wave. This space-charge layer provides local enhanced ionization at the shock front which permits maintenance of the discharge current continuity, at least during the short shock propagation time, when the decrease in E/N, (E-electric field and N-gas density) behind the shock produces a dark discharge spanning the entire 30-cm column length. C1 ISSI, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ganguly, BN (reprint author), ISSI, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM Biswa.ganguly@wpafb.af.mil NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 342 EP 343 DI 10.1109/TPS.844992 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 916ST UT WOS:000228407100060 ER PT J AU Qi, NS Failor, BH Banister, J Levine, JS Sze, HM Lojewski, D AF Qi, NS Failor, BH Banister, J Levine, JS Sze, HM Lojewski, D TI Two-dimensional gas density and velocity distributions of a 12-cm-diameter, triple-nozzle argon Z-pinch load SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS 2004) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE DE Argon gas puff; laser-induced fluorescence; plasma radiation source; Z-pinch ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; IMPLODING PLASMA-DENSITY; PROFILE MEASUREMENTS; SUPERSONIC JET; INTERFEROMETER; TEMPERATURE; IMPLOSIONS AB We have developed a 12-cm-diameter Ar gas Z-pinch load, which produces two annular gas shells and a center gas jet. The two-dimensional (2-D) gas density profiles of the load, in r-theta and r-z planes, were measured with submillimeter spatial resolutions using the planar-laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) method, for conditions used in Z-pinch experiments. Due to interactions between the shells, the net gas density profile differs from the superposition of the individual shell profiles. Narrow density peaks are observed both at smaller and larger radii than the radius where the shells come in contact with each other. Two-dimensional flow velocity distributions are determined from the displacements between the fluorescence and later time phosphorescence images. The measured stream velocities of argon gas puffs are 650 +/- 20 m/s, higher than the ideal gas velocity due to the formation of clusters in the supersonic gas flow. Indeed, clusters were observed in earlier Rayleigh scattering experiments. The gas measurements of the initial phase using the PLIF will be combined with other density measurements of the implosion and pinch phases to better understand the implosion dynamics and to provide initial conditions for simulation codes. C1 Titan Pulse Sci Div, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. Kirtland AFB, Def Threat Reduct Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Qi, NS (reprint author), Titan Pulse Sci Div, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 752 EP 762 DI 10.1109/TPS.2005.845253 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 916SX UT WOS:000228407500022 ER PT J AU Martin, RK Walsh, JM Johnson, CR AF Martin, RK Walsh, JM Johnson, CR TI Low-complexity MIMO blind, adaptive channel shortening SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE adaptive; blind; channel shortening; cyclic prefix; equalization; MERRY; multicarrier ID DISCRETE MULTITONE TRANSCEIVERS; LIKELIHOOD SEQUENCE ESTIMATION; INTERBLOCK INTERFERENCE IBI; MULTICARRIER SYSTEMS; EQUALIZATION; TIME; OFDM; EQUALIZERS; TEQ AB Channel shortening is often employed as a means of mitigating intersymbol and intercarrier interference (ISI and ICI) in systems using multicarrier modulation. The Multicarrier Equalization by Restoration of RedundancY (MERRY),algorithm has previously been shown to blindly and,adaptively shorten a channel to the length of the guard interval in a multicarrier system. This paper addresses synchronization and complexity reduction issues that were not dealt with in previous work and provides extensions to and generalizations of the MERRY algorithm. A modification is presented that removes the square root and division needed at each iteration without introducing additional complexity, with the added benefit of allowing the use of constraints other than a unit norm equalizer; an extension is proposed that allows for the use of more data in the MERRY update; the algorithm is generalized to the multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) and fractionally spaced cases; a low-complexity, blind symbol synchronization technique is proposed, and a method is proposed for blind initialization of the algorithm to avoid slow modes of convergence. Each extension to the basic MERRY algorithm is accompanied by an illustrative simulation example. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Martin, RK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.martin@afit.edu; jmw56@cornell.edu; johnson@ece.cornell.edu NR 39 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD APR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1324 EP 1334 DI 10.1109/TSP.2005.843697 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 907IU UT WOS:000227711100010 ER PT J AU Jin, O Mall, S Sahan, O AF Jin, O Mall, S Sahan, O TI Fretting fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V at elevated temperature SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE fretting fatigue; elevated temperatures; finite element analysis ID CRACK INITIATION; CONTACT STRESS; ALLOYS; WEAR; SLIP; PAD AB Fretting fatigue behavior of titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V at elevated temperature of 260 degreesC was investigated by conducting experiments and finite element analysis. The static coefficient of friction (COF) increased slightly during the early stage of fretting cycling and then remained constant throughout the rest of the life. The values of COF and its dependence on fretting cycling at 260 degreesC were almost similar to those at room temperature. This similar behavior of COF at room temperature and 260 degreesC resulted from the fact that the glaze oxide layers did not form on the Ti-6Al-4V surface at 260 degreesC. The reductions in fatigue life and fatigue strength due to fretting from their counterparts in plain fatigue were significant at 260 degreesC as well as at room temperature. However, there was practically no difference between room temperature and 260 degreesC life data either in the plain fatigue or fretting fatigue condition. A critical plane-based model, modified shear stress range parameter, was found to be effective to correlate the lives from the fretting and plain fatigue at both room and elevated temperatures. Also, it predicted the location of fretting fatigue crack initiation and its orientation which were in agreement with their experimental counterparts, Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, AFIT,ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Mercer Univ, Sch Engn, Macon, GA 31207 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, AFIT,ENY, Bldg 640,2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shankar.mall@afit.edu NR 26 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD APR PY 2005 VL 27 IS 4 BP 395 EP 401 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2004.08.004 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 897EP UT WOS:000226987100006 ER PT J AU Naboulsi, S AF Naboulsi, S TI Modified crack-analogy methodology: the equivalent theory SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE fretting fatigue; crack initiation parameter; fracture mechanics; contact mechanics ID ELASTIC HALF-SPACE; FRACTURE-MECHANICS; ADHESIVE CONTACT; BODIES; SOLIDS AB The crack initiation process of fretting fatigue is a complex phenomenon, and various approaches have been instigated to investigate fretting fatigue damage tolerance and crack initiation. The Crack-Analogy Methodology (CAM) is one approach, which is introduced by Giannakopoulos et al. It utilizes the similarity between contact mechanics and fracture mechanics to investigate fretting fatigue life. The present study is motivated by the crack-analogy methodology where a Modified Crack-Analogy Methodology (MCAM) is developed to extend CAM capabilities and to improve its prediction of crack initiation. The modified form extends CAM to include various indenter-substrate geometries as well as modifying its crack initiation parameter to include the effect of the bulk stress in the substrate. MCAM uses the change of the stress intensity factor (DeltaK-parameter) as a fretting fatigue crack initiation parameter, since the change is consistent with the cyclic mechanism of fretting fatigue. It uses experimental data to establish DeltaK-parameter-life curves similar to the stress-life S-N curve prototype in fatigue and to validate crack initiation for various geometric configurations under various load conditions. The results show similar trends to plain fatigue with lower damage tolerance as expected. By including the bulk stress, the crack initiation predictions of fretting fatigue show better consistency with the experimental data than without it where it exhibits fatigue characteristics consistent with S-N curves. In general, the DeltaK-parameter-life trends show dependency on applied load and pad geometry. Reduced scatter is observed when bulk stress is included in the analyses as compared to that without it. It further demonstrates that the presence of bulk stress in general shifts fretting fatigue characteristics toward low cycle fatigue. The MCAM also predicts the limit of high cycle fatigue. The MCAM formulation shows potentials in life prediction such that it can be used as a tool in the design of components under fretting fatigue. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Naboulsi, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM snabouls@afit.af.mil NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD APR PY 2005 VL 27 IS 4 BP 439 EP 452 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2004.07.010 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 897EP UT WOS:000226987100010 ER PT J AU Ochoa, AD Baughn, JW Byerley, AR AF Ochoa, AD Baughn, JW Byerley, AR TI A new technique for dynamic heat transfer measurements and flow visualization using liquid crystal thermography SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND FLUID FLOW LA English DT Article AB A new technique for dynamic heat transfer coefficient measurements and flow visualization is described. This technique uses a surface with a low thermal mass (a thin tissue) embedded with thermochromic liquid crystals (TLCs) and heated uniformly with infrared radiation. For air heat transfer coefficient measurements, the frequency response is estimated at 0.3-0.5Hz. Depending on the local heat transfer coefficient and the magnitude of its fluctuations, it is estimated that surface temperature fluctuations can be detected to 100Hz. These surface temperature fluctuations are driven by changes in local heat transfer coefficients, caused by dynamic flow behavior such as vortex shedding, and are captured by video recordings of the hue of the liquid crystals. The video images provide time-dependent heat transfer coefficient distribution and time-dependent surface flow visualization. Two applications are used to illustrate this technique: flow on a surface downstream of a protruding cylinder in cross-flow with vortex shedding, and flow downstream of a shallow cylindrical surface dimple. Images of the time-dependent surface temperature distribution downstream of the protruding cylinder are presented. They show the fluctuations in the surface heat transfer coefficient due to vortex shedding. The temperature distributions downstream of the cylindrical dimple were found to be relatively steady within the frequency limits of this technique. Heat transfer coefficient contours are presented for this case. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Baughn, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jwbaughn@ucdavis.edu NR 14 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0142-727X J9 INT J HEAT FLUID FL JI Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow PD APR PY 2005 VL 26 IS 2 BP 264 EP 275 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2004.08.002 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 902QU UT WOS:000227372400008 ER PT J AU Pang, LP Close, M Goltz, M Noonan, M Sinton, L AF Pang, LP Close, M Goltz, M Noonan, M Sinton, L TI Filtration and transport of Bacillus subtilis spores and the F-RNA phage MS2 in a coarse alluvial gravel aquifer: Implications in the estimation of setback distances SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE filtration; microbial transport; gravel aquifer; setback distance ID SATURATED SAND COLUMNS; POROUS-MEDIA; RHODAMINE WT; COLLOID TRANSPORT; BACTERIOPHAGE PRD1; WATER FILTRATION; ENTERIC VIRUSES; WASTE-WATER; CAPE-COD; GROUNDWATER AB Filtration of Bacillus subtilis spores and the F-RNA phage MS2 (MS2) on a field scale in a coarse alluvial gravel aquifer was evaluated from the authors' previously published data. An advection-dispersion model that is coupled with first-order attachment kinetics was used in this study to interpret microbial concentration vs. time breakthrough curves (BTC) at sampling wells. Based on attachment rates (k(ati)) that were determined by applying the model to the breakthrough data, filter factors (f) were calculated and compared with f values estimated from the slopes of log (c(max)/c(o)) vs. distance plots. These two independent approaches resulted in nearly identical filter factors, suggesting that both approaches are useful in determining reductions in microbial concentrations over transport distance. Applying the graphic approach to analyse spatial data, we have also estimated the f values for different aquifers using information provided by some other published field studies. The results show that values of f, in units of log (c(max)/c(o)) m(-1), are consistently in the order of 10(-2) for clean coarse gravel aquifers, 10(-3) for contaminated coarse gravel aquifers, and generally 10(-1) for sandy fine gravel aquifers and river and coastal sand aquifers. For each aquifer category, the f values for bacteriophages and bacteria are in the same order-of-magnitude. The f values estimated in this study indicate that for every one-log reduction in microbial concentration in groundwater, it requires a few tens of meters of travel in clean coarse gravel aquifers, but a few hundreds of meters in contaminated coarse gravel aquifers. In contrast, a one-log reduction generally only requires a few meters of travel in sandy fine gravel aquifers and sand aquifers. Considering the highest concentration in human effluent is in the order of 10(4) pfu/l for enteroviruses and 10(6) cfu/100 ml for faecal coliform bacteria, a 7-log reduction in microbial concentration would comply with the drinking water standards for the downgradient wells under natural gradient conditions. Based on the results of this study, a 7-log reduction would require 125-280 in travel in clean coarse gravel aquifers, 1.7-3.9 km travel in contaminated coarse gravel aquifers, 33-61 in travel in clean sandy fine gravel aquifers, 33-129 in travel in contaminated sandy fine gravel aquifers, and 37-44 in travel in contaminated river and coastal sand aquifers. These recommended setback distances are for a worst-case scenario, assuming direct discharge of raw effluent into the saturated zone of an aquifer. Filtration theory was applied to calculate collision efficiency (alpha) from model-derived attachment rates (k(att)), and the results are compared with those reported in the literature. The calculated alpha values vary by two orders-of-magnitude, depending on whether collision efficiency is estimated from the effective particle size (d(10)) or the mean particle size (d(50)). Collision efficiency values for MS-2 are similar to those previously reported in the literature (e.g. DeBorde et al., 1999) [DeBorde, D.C., Woessner, W.W., Kiley, QT., Ball, P., 1999. Rapid transport of viruses in a floodplain aquifer. Water Res. 33 (10), 2229-2238]. However, the collision efficiency values calculated for Bacillus subtilis spores were unrealistic, suggesting that filtration theory is not appropriate for theoretically estimating filtration capacity for poorly sorted coarse gravel aquifer media. This is not surprising, as filtration theory was developed for uniforrn sand filters and does not consider particle size distribution. Thus, we do not recommend the use of filtration theory to estimate the filter factor or setback distances. Either of the methods applied in this work (BTC or concentration vs. distance analyses), which takes into account aquifer heterogeneities and site-specific conditions, appear to be most useful in determining filter factors and setback distances. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Inst Environm Sci & Res Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Lincoln Univ, Anim & Food Sci Div, Canterbury, New Zealand. RP Pang, LP (reprint author), Inst Environm Sci & Res Ltd, POB 29181, Christchurch, New Zealand. EM liping.pang@esr.cri.nz OI Goltz, Mark/0000-0003-3601-6453 NR 70 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 77 IS 3 BP 165 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2004.12.006 PG 30 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 913JF UT WOS:000228147000002 PM 15763354 ER PT J AU Fang, ZQ Claflin, B Look, L Polenta, L Mitchel, WC AF Fang, ZQ Claflin, B Look, L Polenta, L Mitchel, WC TI Thermally stimulated current spectroscopy of high-purity semi-insulating 4H-SiC substrates SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE high-purity semi-insulating (HPSI) 4H-SiC substrates; impurity- and defect-related traps; thermally stimulated current (TSC) spectroscopy ID SILICON-CARBIDE; DEFECT CENTERS; DEEP CENTERS; GAAS AB High-purity semi-insulating (HPSI) 4H-SiC has been widely used as a substrate material for AlGaN/GaN high electron-mobility transistors because of its fairly good lattice match-with GaN and its high thermal conductivity. To control material quality, it is important to understand the nature of the deep traps. For this purpose, we have successfully applied thermally stimulated current (TSC) spectroscopy to investigate deep traps in two HPSI 4H-SiC samples grown by physical vapor transport (PVT) and high-temperature chemical vapor deposition (HTCVD), respectively. Fundamentals of TSC spectroscopy, typical TSC spectra obtained on the two samples, and theoretical fittings of a boron-related trap (peaked at similar to 150 K) will be presented. Based on literature data for deep traps in conductive 4H-SiC, the impurity and point-defect nature of several commonly observed TSC traps, peaked at similar to 105 K (0.22 eV), similar to 150 K (0.29 eV), similar to 175 K (-0.33 eV), similar to 260 K (-0.53 eV), similar to 305 K (-0.63 eV), and similar to 360 K (0.91 eV), in the HPSI 4H-SiC will be discussed. C1 Wright Patterson AFB, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Univ Bologna, Dept Phys, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bologna, INFM, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. RP Fang, ZQ (reprint author), Wright Patterson AFB, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM zhaoqiang.fang@wright.edu NR 13 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 13 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP 336 EP 340 DI 10.1007/s11664-005-0106-5 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 919QP UT WOS:000228633000005 ER PT J AU Strzhemechny, YM Mosbacker, HL Goss, SH Look, DC Reynolds, DC Litton, CW Garces, NY Giles, NC Halliburton, LE Niki, S Brillson, LJ AF Strzhemechny, YM Mosbacker, HL Goss, SH Look, DC Reynolds, DC Litton, CW Garces, NY Giles, NC Halliburton, LE Niki, S Brillson, LJ TI Shallow donor generation in ZnO by remote hydrogen plasma SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE ZnO; shallow donor; hydrogen plasma ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; BOUND-EXCITON COMPLEXES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ZINC-OXIDE; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SUBSTRATE MATERIAL; UNDOPED ZNO; IMPLANTATION; DEFECTS; DEVICES AB We investigate the effects of a remote hydrogen-plasma treatment on Hall parameters as well as on the bound exciton (BEx) photoluminescence (PL) for a variety of ZnO single crystals: bulk air-annealed, Li-doped, and epitaxially grown on sapphire. We present transport and spectroscopic evidence in favor of the hypothesis that hydrogen behaves as a shallow donor rather than a compensating center in ZnO. Specifically, we show that H-plasma-induced increases in 14 luminescence (photon energy: -3.363 eV at 4 K) correlate with increases in free-carrier concentrations from Hall-effect measurements. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ctr Mat Res, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Wright Patterson AFB, AF Res Lab, AFRL, MLPS, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Electrotech Lab, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. RP Strzhemechny, YM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ctr Mat Res, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM strzhemy@ee.eng.ohio-state.edu NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP 399 EP 403 DI 10.1007/s11664-005-0118-1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 919QP UT WOS:000228633000017 ER PT J AU Elhamri, S Mitchel, W Mitchell, WD Berney, R Ahoujja, M Roberts, JC Rajagopal, P Gehrke, T Piner, EL Linthicum, KJ AF Elhamri, S Mitchel, W Mitchell, WD Berney, R Ahoujja, M Roberts, JC Rajagopal, P Gehrke, T Piner, EL Linthicum, KJ TI A magnetotransport study of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures on silicon SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE AlGaN/GaN; GaN on silicon; Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH); persistent photocurrent (PPC) ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; MICROWAVE-POWER PERFORMANCE; VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; QUALITY GAN; SI; GANHEMTS; SI(111); GROWTH; SUBSTRATE AB Resistivity and Hall effect measurements as functions of temperature and magnetic field have been made on AlGaN/GaN heterostructures grown on silicon substrates. Electronic properties are comparable to those of similar structures grown on sapphire or silicon carbide. Persistent photocurrent (PPC) effects induced by illumination with blue and ultraviolet (LTV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been investigated. These effects persisted to room temperature. Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations were observed in several samples but only after illumination in some samples. Analysis of the mobility dependence on the carrier density suggests small angle scattering is responsible for the suppression of the oscillations prior to illumination in those samples. C1 Wright Patterson AFB, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Nitronex Corp, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Elhamri, S (reprint author), Wright Patterson AFB, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM said.elhamri@notes.udayton.edu RI Piner, Edwin/B-5359-2016 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP 444 EP 449 DI 10.1007/s11664-005-0125-2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 919QP UT WOS:000228633000024 ER PT J AU Emelett, SJ Soref, R AF Emelett, SJ Soref, R TI Design and simulation of silicon microring optical routing switches SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electrooptics; microring resonators; optical switching; scattering matrix theory; silicon ID WAVE-GUIDES AB Using two-dimensional (2-D) scattering matrix theory, the switching behavior of inplane waveguided 2 x 2 resonant optical switches in silicon-on-insulator was analyzed at the 1.33, 1.55, and 10.6 mu m wavelengths. The switch consisted of two straight bus waveguides coupled independently and laterally to a pair of microring resonators. Switching actuated by a Delta n + i Delta K complex index perturbation of the rings was investigated. The switching effects discussed include the free-carrier-plasma dispersion, Franz-Keldysh, quantum-confined Stark, Kerr, and thermooptic effects. Each effect has its Delta K/Delta n signature. For waveguides <= 0.3 lambda wide, an optimum switch design was determined in the weak coupling regime. Complete switching was found for Delta n similar to 2 x 10(-3), together with significant modulation for An in the 10(-4) range. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Emelett, SJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 15 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 23 IS 4 BP 1800 EP 1807 DI 10.1109/JLT.2005.844494 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 918PY UT WOS:000228561300028 ER PT J AU Blickenstaff, SB Sarangan, AM Nelson, TR Leedy, KD Agresta, DL AF Blickenstaff, SB Sarangan, AM Nelson, TR Leedy, KD Agresta, DL TI Influence of shadow mask design and deposition methods on nonplanar dielectric material deposition SO JOURNAL OF MICROLITHOGRAPHY MICROFABRICATION AND MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE thin films; lenses; sputtering; optoelectronics; diodes; semiconductor lasers ID FABRICATION AB In this paper, we report on the deposition of nonplanar SiO2 and SiN, dielectric layers using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), radio frequency (rf) sputtering and reactive rf sputtering through metal and dielectric shadow masks. The layers were analyzed for trends in deposition rate and curvature as a function of shadow mask material and geometry, as well as the deposition method. Increasing the top hole diameter, which is the limiting aperture of the shadow mask cavity, increased the rate of deposition inside the cavity, but it also decreased the curvature of the resulting aspheric microlens. As the height of the shadow mask cavity was increased, both the cavity deposition rate and microlens curvature increased. An alumina shadow mask created microlenses with higher deposition rates and more curvature than a nickel shadow mask for the three deposition methods. SiO2 deposited by PECVD produced aspheric microlenses with the most curvature, whereas rf sputtering SiO2 produced microlenses with the highest process efficiency. These results could be exploited to produce single or multilayer dielectric films for use in focal-plane arrays of microlenses, light-emitting diode encapsulations or curved Bragg mirrors for vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. (c) 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Blickenstaff, SB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avionics Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Sarah.Blickenstaff@wpafb.af.mil NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1537-1646 J9 J MICROLITH MICROFAB JI J. Microlithogr. Microfabr. Microsyst. PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 4 IS 2 AR 023015 DI 10.1117/1.1897381 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 977ZL UT WOS:000232841900016 ER PT J AU Mrozek, DJ AF Mrozek, DJ TI Afterburner: Naval aviators and the Vietnam war. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Mrozek, DJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD APR PY 2005 VL 69 IS 2 BP 605 EP 606 DI 10.1353/jmh.2005.0117 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 912ME UT WOS:000228081800063 ER PT J AU Pavuk, M Michalek, JE Schecter, A Ketchum, NS Akhtar, FZ Fox, KA AF Pavuk, M Michalek, JE Schecter, A Ketchum, NS Akhtar, FZ Fox, KA TI Did TCDD exposure or service in southeast Asia increase the risk of cancer in air force Vietnam veterans who did not spray agent orange? SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-BREAST-MILK; PROSTATE-CANCER; PESTICIDE APPLICATORS; MORTALITY; COHORT; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; DIOXINS; WORKERS; SERUM; DIBENZOFURANS AB Objective: We sought to examine cancer incidence in 1482 Air Force veterans who served in Southeast Asia (SEA) and who were not occupationally exposed to herbicides. Methods: Cancer incidence between 1982 and 2003 was determined by record review and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate risk ratios across serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and years served in SEA categories. Results: All sites cancer risk increased with TCDD (relative risk = 1.6, 95% confidence interval = 1.2-2.2). The risk of Prostate cancer increased with years of SEA service but not with TCDD. TCDD and years of SEA service interacted with all sites cancer; the risk was greatest in those with the highest TCDD levels and the longest time served in SEA. Conclusions: These results suggest nonoccupational exposures to TCDD or other factors while in SEA may contribute to cancer risk in these veterans. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. SpecPro Inc, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. START Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Michalek, JE (reprint author), 2655 Flight Nurse, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM joel.michalek@brooks.af.mil NR 34 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD APR PY 2005 VL 47 IS 4 BP 335 EP 342 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000158739.56427.24 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 915UN UT WOS:000228336900001 PM 15824624 ER PT J AU Gorman, CR White, SW AF Gorman, CR White, SW TI Surgical pearl: The insulated Hyfrecator needle: A no-cost surgical safety tip SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Gorman, CR (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 52 IS 4 BP 689 EP 690 DI 10.1016/j.jaad.2004.11.030 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 912WN UT WOS:000228110700026 PM 15793524 ER PT J AU Campbell, CL Steinhubl, SR AF Campbell, CL Steinhubl, SR TI Variability in response to aspirin: do we understand the clinical relevance? SO JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Review ID LOW-DOSE ASPIRIN; PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PLATELET-FUNCTION; UNFRACTIONATED HEPARIN; UNSTABLE ANGINA; BYPASS SURGERY; HIGH-RISK; RESISTANCE AB Aspirin, an irreversible inhibitor of platelet prostaglandin synthase activity, is the cornerstone of therapy for acute coronary syndromes. In recent years, laboratory and clinical data have accumulated that suggest there may be significant individual variability in the response to aspirin and that the effects of aspirin therapy vary significantly over time. There is, as of yet, no cohesive explanation for this variability. The term 'aspirin resistance' has been loosely applied to situations in which the clinical or ex vivo effects of aspirin are less than expected. In this review we discuss the clinical data regarding this phenomenon and the need for prospective evaluation of aspirin non-responders. C1 San Antonio Uniform Hlth Sci Consortium, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. RP Campbell, CL (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, 2001 Bergqust Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX USA. EM Campbell@lackland.af.mil NR 52 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1538-7933 J9 J THROMB HAEMOST JI J. Thromb. Haemost. PD APR PY 2005 VL 3 IS 4 BP 665 EP 669 DI 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01119.x PG 5 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 916AT UT WOS:000228354500010 PM 15703034 ER PT J AU Chan, YP Baker, SF AF Chan, YP Baker, SF TI The multiple depot, multiple traveling salesmen facility-location problem: Vehicle range, service frequency, and heuristic implementations SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE combined facility location and routing; minimum K-tree; multiple traveling salesmen; multiple service frequency; split delivery; minimum spanning forest; Clarke-Wright heuristic ID LINEAR-PROGRAMMING FORMULATION; ROUTING PROBLEMS; NETWORK DESIGN; DELIVERY; ALGORITHMS; SAVINGS AB At the core of many delivery-logistics problems is the multiple depot, multiple traveling salesmen facility-location problem (MDMTSFLP). This paper addresses a mixed integer MDMTSFLP formulation, expanded to include vehicle range and multiple service-frequency requirements. Here, vehicle range can be interpreted as limitation on tour length, often due to crew duty day restriction. Once defined, we use this optimization formulation to validate a heuristic solution for location and routing. Our heuristic employs a combination of the minimum spanning forest (MSF) and a modified Clarke-Wright (CW) procedure. The spanning forest is used for geographic partitioning and for depot location, while the CW routes the multiple aircraft fleets. Generalizing from a minimum K-tree, the MSF is an exact O(vertical bar I vertical bar(3)) method for partitioning the demands into service regions and in locating regional depots, where vertical bar I vertical bar is the number of nodes. The Defense Courier Service (DCS) aerial network provides a huge instance of the hierarchical multiple-frequency, range-restricted MDMTSFLP. For this network, we find our MSF/CW procedure to be suboptimal by 3.86 percent on average over 16 validation runs, with no run worse than 20.27 percent. We show that several depots of the DCS may be closed without a large increase of routing cost. The model and solution procedure presented here have implications upon many other logistics problems, which are typically characterized by multiple vehicular visits and shortage of crew duty days. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Syst Engn, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Chan, YP (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Syst Engn, 2801 S Univ, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. EM yxchan@ualr.edu; steve.baker@usafa.af.mil NR 39 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD APR-MAY PY 2005 VL 41 IS 8-9 BP 1035 EP 1053 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2003.08.011 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 938JY UT WOS:000229997100016 ER PT J AU Straka, M Golden, SM Hauge, I Young, SK AF Straka, M Golden, SM Hauge, I Young, SK TI Serum amyloid A values in laboring and nonlaboring patients SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 53rd Annual Clinical Meeting of the American-College-of-Obstetricians-and-Gynecologists CY MAY 07-11, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Coll Obstetricans & Gynecol, Organon Pharmaceut US Inc, Novo Nordisk Pharmaceut C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 105 IS 4 SU S BP 83S EP 84S PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 912GP UT WOS:000228065900193 ER PT J AU Rodrigo, JP Suarez, C Rinaldo, A Devaney, KO Carbone, A Barnes, L Heffner, DK Ferlito, A AF Rodrigo, JP Suarez, C Rinaldo, A Devaney, KO Carbone, A Barnes, L Heffner, DK Ferlito, A TI Idiopathic midline destructive disease: fact or fiction SO ORAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Review DE idiopathic midline destructive disease; midfacial granuloma syndrome; Wegener's granulomatosis; malignant lymphoma ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; T-CELL LYMPHOMA; POLYMORPHIC RETICULOSIS; GRANULOMA SYNDROME; SINONASAL TRACT; FEATURES; PROGNOSIS; NEOPLASMS; LESIONS; ENTITY AB The differential diagnosis of a progressive destructive lesion of the mid-face and upper airway region includes both neoplastic and non-neoplastic entities; of these, the majority of cases prove to be either Wegener's granulomatosis or lymphoma. Historically, these sorts of necrotizing midfacial lesions were diagnosed clinically, and as a consequence a variety of overlapping categories of disease sprang up. As pathologic examination of biopsy material became both more widespread and (particularly in the last several years) more sophisticated, many lesions previously thought to be of mysterious origins have proven to be examples of lymphoma (in particular, sinonasal natural killer cell or T cell [NK/T] lymphomas). At present, the evaluation of a patient with a progressive destructive process involving the midface region should include imaging studies (to delineate the extent of disease) as well as biopsy (with sampling of lesional tissue for application of sophisticated testing-including immunohistochemical studies, flow cytometry, or molecular studies as necessary-to exclude the possibility of a NK/T cell lymphoma). There remain occasional patients whose necrotizing midfacial lesions continue to be difficult to classify despite the application of extensive testing; such patients are sometimes described as suffering from the nebulous entity of "idiopathic midline destructive disease". While it remains to be seen whether such patients will ultimately be assigned to other diagnostic groups (as, for example, occult toxic injuries-as in the case of cocaine abusers who are not forthcoming with regard to their drug usage), it seems likely that "idiopathic midline destructive disease" is a diagnostic term of questionable validity which should be used only with extreme reticence in modern practice. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Udine, Policlin Univ, ENT Clin, Dept Surg Sci, I-33100 Udine, Italy. Hosp Univ Central Asturias, Dept Otolaryngol, Oviedo, Spain. Inst Univ Oncol Principado Asturias, Oviedo, Spain. Foote Hosp, Dept Pathol, Jackson, MI USA. IRCCS, Natl Canc Inst, Div Pathol, Aviano, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. USAF, Inst Pathol, Dept Endocrine & Otorhinolaryng Head & Neck Patho, Washington, DC USA. RP Ferlito, A (reprint author), Univ Udine, Policlin Univ, ENT Clin, Dept Surg Sci, Piazzale S Maria Misericordia, I-33100 Udine, Italy. EM a.ferlito@uniud.it OI Rodrigo Tapia, Juan Pablo/0000-0003-3063-0890 NR 44 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1368-8375 J9 ORAL ONCOL JI Oral Oncol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 41 IS 4 BP 340 EP 348 DI 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2004.10.007 PG 9 WC Oncology; Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Oncology; Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 919PO UT WOS:000228630200002 PM 15792605 ER PT J AU Lowry, TR Brennan, JA AF Lowry, TR Brennan, JA TI Stomotococcus mucilaginosis infection leading to early cervical necrotizing fasciitis SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Lowry, TR (reprint author), 74th MSGS-SGCXL,4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM thomas.lowry@wpafb.af.mil NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD APR PY 2005 VL 132 IS 4 BP 658 EP 660 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2004.05.016 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 912WZ UT WOS:000228111900028 PM 15806065 ER PT J AU Michaelson, PG Fowler, CB Brennan, J AF Michaelson, PG Fowler, CB Brennan, J TI Tracheal paraganglioma presenting with acute airway obstruction SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 107th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Otolaryngology-Head-and-Neck-Surgery CY SEP 21-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Acad Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg ID CLASSIFICATION C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Oral Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Michaelson, PG (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 2200 Bergquist Dr-MCSR, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM peter.michaelson@lackland.af.mil NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD APR PY 2005 VL 132 IS 4 BP 661 EP 662 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2004.05.007 PG 2 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 912WZ UT WOS:000228111900029 PM 15806066 ER PT J AU Djuth, FT Pedersen, TR Gerken, EA Bernhardt, PA Selcher, CA Bristow, WA Kosch, MJ AF Djuth, FT Pedersen, TR Gerken, EA Bernhardt, PA Selcher, CA Bristow, WA Kosch, MJ TI Ionospheric modification at twice the electron cyclotron frequency SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSION; POWERFUL RADIO-WAVES; HEATING EXPERIMENTS; DENSITY IRREGULARITIES; ARTIFICIAL AIRGLOW; OPTICAL-EMISSIONS; HF; ACCELERATION; ENHANCEMENT; ABSORPTION AB In 2004, a new transmission band was added to the HAARP high-frequency ionospheric modification facility that encompasses the second electron cyclotron harmonic at altitudes between similar to 220 and 330 km. Initial observations indicate that greatly enhanced airglow occurs whenever the transmission frequency approximately matches the second electron cyclotron harmonic at the height of the upper hybrid resonance. This is the reverse of what happens at higher electron cyclotron harmonics. The measured optical emissions confirm the presence of accelerated electrons in the plasma. C1 Geospace Res Inc, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YR, England. RP Djuth, FT (reprint author), Geospace Res Inc, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. OI Kosch, Michael Jurgen/0000-0003-2846-3915 NR 19 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 12 AR 125001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.125001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 912GM UT WOS:000228065600028 PM 15903924 ER PT J AU Klingenberg, ML Brooman, EW Naguy, TA AF Klingenberg, ML Brooman, EW Naguy, TA TI Nano-particle composite plating as an alternative to hard chromium and nickel coatings SO PLATING AND SURFACE FINISHING LA English DT Article AB As part of an effort to evaluate alternatives to electroplated hexavalent chromium coatings, screening tests were performed on numerous nanostructured coatings or amorphous coatings containing nano- or micro-particles. The objective was to determine if improvements in performance could be obtained with decreasing grain and/or particle size. Electrodeposited, nanocrystalline cobalt, with and without tungsten carbide particles, and electroless, mid-phosphorus nickel (ENi-P) coatings with various sizes of diamond particles (150, 1000, 2000 and 150+1000 nm) were selected for investigation. Preliminary results suggested that additional electroless composites should be investigated. These coatings included nickel-cobalt phosphorus (ENi-Co-P), cobalt phosphorus (ECo-P) and nickel boron (EMi-B), all with and without codeposited diamond particles. For baseline comparisons, electrodeposited polycrystalline cobalt and electroless nickel coatings were deposited without occluded particles. This paper discusses the results obtained from the screening tests, which included adhesion, thickness analysis, hardness and abrasive wear resistance. The results suggest that all of the ENi-P, ENi-Co-P and ECo-P processes with occluded diamond particles have the potential to impart the required adhesion, hardness and tribo-logical properties, while reducing the environmental impact of chromium plating processes. C1 Concurrent Technol Corp, Johnstown, PA 15904 USA. M&PPS, Dublin, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Syst Support Div Mat & Mfg Direct, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Klingenberg, ML (reprint author), Concurrent Technol Corp, 100 CTC Dr, Johnstown, PA 15904 USA. EM klingenb@ctcgsc.org NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER ELECTROPLATERS SOC INC PI ORLANDO PA 12644 RESEARCH PKWY, ORLANDO, FL 32826-3298 USA SN 0360-3164 J9 PLAT SURF FINISH JI Plat. Surf. Finish. PD APR PY 2005 VL 92 IS 4 BP 42 EP 48 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA 918TA UT WOS:000228569300008 ER PT J AU Shima, T Golan, OM AF Shima, T Golan, OM TI End-game guidance laws for dual-control missiles SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART G-JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE missile; guidance; canard; tail; differential games; optimal control ID MANEUVERING TARGETS; TRACKING; DESIGN AB New guidance laws derived for a dual-control missile are studied. Their performance is compared with that of a conventional guidance system with flight control that distributes the commands among the two control channels. A Monte Carlo simulation study is performed where the target executes random evasive manoeuvres. The interceptor, represented by linear high-order manoeuvring dynamics with bounded forward and aft controls, acquires noisy measurements and uses a state estimator. Using the single-shot kill probability as a performance criterion, the superiority of the new guidance and control architecture is shown. It is also shown that the best performance is obtained by the bounded controls differential game guidance law. Sensitivity to the selection of the interceptor first-order time constant, a design parameter in the guidance law derivation, is also investigated. C1 RAFAEL, IL-31021 Haifa, Israel. RP Shima, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, Air Vehicles Directorate, Bldg 146,Room 304,2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shima_-tal@yahoo.com NR 20 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI BURY ST EDMUNDS PA NORTHGATE AVENUE, BURY ST EDMUNDS IP32 6BW, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND SN 0954-4100 J9 P I MECH ENG G-J AER JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part G-J. Aerosp. Eng. PD APR PY 2005 VL 219 IS G2 BP 157 EP 170 DI 10.1243/095441005X7249 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 945ZI UT WOS:000230541100008 ER PT J AU Chichibu, SF Uedono, A Tsukazaki, A Onuma, T Zamfirescu, M Ohtomo, A Kavokin, A Cantwell, G Litton, CW Sota, T Kawasaki, M AF Chichibu, SF Uedono, A Tsukazaki, A Onuma, T Zamfirescu, M Ohtomo, A Kavokin, A Cantwell, G Litton, CW Sota, T Kawasaki, M TI Exciton-polariton spectra and limiting factors for the room-temperature photoluminescence efficiency in ZnO SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM-EPITAXY; MONOENERGETIC POSITRON BEAM; R-PLANE SAPPHIRE; PHOTOREFLECTANCE SPECTRA; BOUND EXCITON; VALENCE-BAND; GAN; FILMS; EMISSION; DEFECTS AB Static and dynamic responses of excitons in state-of-the-art bulk and epitaxial ZnO are reviewed to support the possible realization of polariton lasers, which are coherent and monochromatic light sources due to Bose condensation of exciton-polaritons in semiconductor microcavities (MCs). To grasp the current problems and to pave the way for obtaining ZnO epilayers of improved quality, the following four principal subjects are treated: (i) polarized optical reflectance (OR), photoreflectance (PR) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the bulk and epitaxial ZnO were recorded at 8 K. Energies of PR resonances corresponded to those of upper and lower exciton-polariton branches, where A-, B- and C-excitons couple simultaneously to an electromagnetic wave. PL peaks due to the corresponding polariton branches were observed. Longitudinal-transverse splittings (omega(LT)) of the corresponding excitons were 1.5, 11.1 and 13.1 meV, respectively. The latter two values are more than two orders of magnitude greater than that of GaAs being 0.08 meV. (ii) Using these values and material parameters, corresponding vacuum-field Rabi splitting of exciton-polaritons coupled to a model MC mode was calculated to be 191 meV, which is the highest value ever reported for semiconductor MCs and satisfies the requirements to observe the strong exciton-light coupling regime necessary for polariton lasing above room temperature. (iii) Polarized OR and PR spectra of an out-plane nonpolar (1120) ZnO epilayer grown by laser-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (L-MBE) were measured, since ZnO quantum wells (QWs) grown in nonpolar orientations are expected to show higher emission efficiencies due to the elimination of spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization fields normal to the QW plane. They exhibited in-plane anisotropic exciton resonances according to the polarization selection rules for anisotropically-strained wurzite material. (iv) Impacts of point defects on the nonradiative processes in L-MBE ZnO were studied using time-resolved PL making a connection with the results of positron annihilation measurement. Free excitonic PL intensity at room temperature naturally increased with the increase in nonradiative lifetime (tau(nr)). The value of tau(nr) increased and density or size of Zn vacancies (V-Zn) decreased with increasing growth temperature (T-g) in heteroepitaxial films grown on a ScAlMgO4 substrate, and the use of homoepitaxial substrates further reduced VZn density. The value Of tau(nr) was shown to increase with the decrease in gross density of positively and negatively charged and neutral point defects including complexes rather than with the decrease in V-Zn density. The results indicate that the nonradiative recombination process is governed not by single point defects, but by certain defects introduced with the incorporation Of V-Zn, such as V-Zn-defect complexes. As a result of defect elimination by growing the films at high T I followed by subsequent post-growth in situ annealing, combined with the use of high-temperature-annealed ZnO self-buffer layer, a record long tau(nr) for spontaneous emission of 3.8 ns was obtained at room temperature. By using progressively improving epitaxial growth methods, the polariton laser effect is expected to be observed at room temperature in the near future. C1 Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys Appl, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Photodynam Res Ctr, Sendai, Miyagi 9800868, Japan. ERATO, Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, NICP, Kawaguchi 3320012, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Mat Res Inst, Sendai, Miyagi 9808575, Japan. Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, UMR 6602, LASMEA, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France. ZN Technol Inc, Brea, CA 92821 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Waseda Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Biosci, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. COMET, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. RP Chichibu, SF (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys Appl, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. EM optoelec@bk.tsukuba.ac.jp RI Kawasaki, Masashi/B-5826-2008; Tsukazaki, Atsushi/C-3972-2008; Zamfirescu, Marian/G-3266-2011; Ohtomo, Akira/C-4944-2008; Kavokin, Alexey/J-8610-2013; OI Zamfirescu, Marian/0000-0003-1143-4376; Ohtomo, Akira/0000-0003-0300-4712; KAVOKINE, ALEXIS/0000-0003-2713-1062 NR 66 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 6 U2 54 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP S67 EP S77 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/20/4/009 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 922MB UT WOS:000228840900010 ER PT J AU Epureanu, BI Yin, SH Derriso, MM AF Epureanu, BI Yin, SH Derriso, MM TI High-sensitivity damage detection based on enhanced nonlinear dynamics SO SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-NETWORKS; CORRELATION DIMENSION; MECHANICAL SYSTEMS; IDENTIFICATION; DIAGNOSIS; SIGNALS AB One of the most important aspects of detecting damage in the framework of structural health monitoring is increasing the sensitivity of the monitored feature to the presence, location, and extent of damage. Distinct from previous techniques of obtaining information about the monitored structure-such as measuring frequency response functions-the approach proposed herein is based on an active interrogation of the system. This interrogation approach allows for the embedding of the monitored system within a larger system by means of a nonlinear feedback excitation. The dynamics of the larger system is then analyzed in state space, and the shape of the attractor of its dynamics is used as a complex geometric feature which is very sensitive to damage. The proposed approach is implemented for monitoring the structural integrity of a panel forced by transverse loads and undergoing limit cycle oscillations and chaos. The nonlinear von Karman plate theory is used to obtain a model for the panel combined with a nonlinear feedback excitation. The presence of damage is modeled as loss of stiffness of various levels in a portion of the plate at various locations. The sensitivity of the proposed approach to parametric changes is shown to be an effective tool in detecting damages. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. VASM, AFRL, Struct Hlth Monitoring, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Epureanu, BI (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM epureanu@umich.edu NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD APR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 321 EP 327 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/14/2/004 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 916XY UT WOS:000228421300004 ER PT J AU Gillespie, J Crespo, A Fitch, R Jessen, G Via, G AF Gillespie, J Crespo, A Fitch, R Jessen, G Via, G TI AlGaN/GaN ohmic contact resistance variations across epitaxial suppliers SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE AlGaN/GaN; ohmic; GaN ID PLATE AB Six AlGaN/GaN epitaxy suppliers grew their standard films on SiC substrates as deliverables for Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's (DARPA's) "Wide Bandgap Technology Initiative". An ohmic contact study was performed to determine an optimum process for each supplier and to study the impact of growth conditions on contact resistance. On each wafer four metal stacks were evaporated, with one being the epitaxial supplier's proprietary stack. The wafers were diced and alloyed using AFRL's standard conditions and the epitaxial supplier's condition. The optimal metal stack was found for each wafer and yielded contact resistances lower than 1 Omega mm. However, each wafer required a different metal stack in order to achieve the lowest contact resistance, which indicates that growth conditions can have a large impact on ohmic contact results. The molybdenum (Mo) based ohmic contacts showed little variation from sample to sample and produced marginally acceptable ohmic contact values across all material suppliers. The Mo based contacts show potential for optimization as a generic ohmic contact that is not dependent on the growth conditions of the material. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gillespie, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Circle,WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM james.gillespie@wpafb.af.mil NR 5 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD APR PY 2005 VL 49 IS 4 BP 670 EP 672 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2004.12.011 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 901YU UT WOS:000227319000024 ER PT J AU Wilson, E AF Wilson, E TI Core stability: Assessment and functional strengthening of the hip abductors SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID PROSTHESIS; MUSCLES AB This column provides a basic overview of the biomechanics of the gluteus medius muscle, an assessment method for trainers, and an exercise prescription. C1 USAF Acad, Cadet Phys Therapy Clin, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Wilson, E (reprint author), USAF Acad, Cadet Phys Therapy Clin, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 9 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD APR PY 2005 VL 27 IS 2 BP 21 EP 23 PG 3 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 917CW UT WOS:000228434600003 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A AF Hedrick, A TI Learning from each other: Summer programs SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material AB Summer strength and conditioning activities are critical for collegiate athletes, especially for those athletes that compete during the fall semester and need to be at a peak level of performance early in the school year. We asked our panel of coaches how they handled the supervision and monitoring of their athletes' training during the summer. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN USA. Middle Tennessee State Univ, Murfreesboro, TN 37130 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM ARHedrick@Adelphia.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD APR PY 2005 VL 27 IS 2 BP 75 EP 77 PG 3 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 917CW UT WOS:000228434600015 ER PT J AU Hanly, EJ Zand, J Bachman, SL Marohn, MR Talamini, MA AF Hanly, EJ Zand, J Bachman, SL Marohn, MR Talamini, MA TI Value of the SAGES Learning Center in introducing new technology SO SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE continuing medical education; robotics; surgery; technology; learning center; SAGES ID EDUCATION AB Background: The Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) Learning Center is a group of educational &DPRIME; classrooms&DPRIME; designed to tutor meeting attendees on specific technology-intensive content areas. The objectives of the Robotics Station were to familiarize participants with basic laparoscopic skills as implemented with surgical robotic assistance and to help them explore the benefits and drawbacks of using robotics in their institutions. Methods: Sixty-six volunteer surgeon attendees of the 2003 SAGES meeting representing a diverse group of backgrounds and possessing varying levels of surgical experience were directed through a series of drills on two different surgical robots. Each participant was directed through a series of three drills that practiced surgically relevant skills. Participants were given feedback on their performance. They then completed a 12-question computer-based questionnaire that surveyed their personal demographic backgrounds, their impressions of robotic surgery, and their opinions regarding the learning center's utility in educating them about new technology. Results: Sixty-eight percent of participants had never used a surgical robot, and 89% had never used a robot clinically. Eighty-eight percent of respondents found one or both robots easier to use than they had expected, and 91% found that one or both robots made simple surgical tasks easier compared to standard laparoscopy. Sixty-four percent of participants stated that they were more likely to pursue purchase of a robotic system for use in their practice as a result of their exposure to robotics in the Learning Center. After completing the Robotics Station, 80% of surgeons believed that Current surgical robots are of clinical benefit. However, 71% of participants stated that surgical robotic systems priced above $500,000 Would not be financially viable in their practices. Conclusion: The structured learning environment used in the SAGES Learning Center fostered among participants a positive attitude toward surgical robotics. The format of their exposure to this technology at the Robotics Station also enabled participants to gauge the potential financial value of surgical robots in clinical practice. The SAGES Learning Center Robotics Station succeeded in exposing surgeons to surgical robotics in a way that helped them assess the value of this technology for their individual practices and institutions. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. RP Talamini, MA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, 600 N Wolfe St,Blalock 665, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. NR 6 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 7 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-2794 J9 SURG ENDOSC JI Surg. Endosc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 477 EP 483 DI 10.1007/s00464-004-8928-4 PG 7 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 924YN UT WOS:000229017500005 PM 15696360 ER PT J AU Pigage, HK Pigage, JC Tillman, JF AF Pigage, HK Pigage, JC Tillman, JF TI Fleas associated with the northern pocket gopher (Thomomys talpoides) in Elbert County, Colorado SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Siphonaptera; northern pocket gopher; Foxella ignota; Spicata rara; Hystrichopsylla dippiei; Oropsylla idahoensis; flea abundance ID SEASONAL OCCURRENCE; GROUND-SQUIRREL; SIPHONAPTERA; CERATOPHYLLIDAE; CALIFORNIA AB We collected 532 fleas, 526 of which were Foxella ignota ignota, front 247 northern pocket gophers, Thomomys talpoides, in Elbert County, Colorado, over 13 months. Other fleas included 1 Hystrichopsylla dippiei ssp., 3 Spicata rara, 1 Oropsylla idahoensis, and 1 female flea tentatively identified its Oropsylla (Opisocrostis) sp. These are new records for H. dippiei ssp. and S. rara in Elbert County. Fleas were cleared rising standard methods and were placed on microscope slides in Canada balsam. The number of fleas per host ranged from 0 to 26. The highest median number of fleas per host (n = 5) was in May with a low median (n = 0) in August. Mean intensity and relative density of fleas peaked in April and May, respectively Total flea abundance peaked from April through July. Approximately 72% of the male gophers (N = 99) were infested with fleas, whereas 57% of the females (N = 148) had fleas. Flea abundance on male gophers did not decrease nor did flea abundance on females increase as would be expected if flea breeding were influenced by hormones of the host. We suggest further randomized studies of fleas on T. talpoides to investigate parasite abundance throughout the year. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Biol, HQ USAFA, DFB, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. RP Pigage, HK (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Biol, HQ USAFA, DFB, 2355 Fac Dr,Suite 2P389, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD APR PY 2005 VL 65 IS 2 BP 210 EP 214 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 924OG UT WOS:000228987500009 ER PT J AU Ehrenreich, T Zhdanov, B Takekoshi, T Phipps, SP Knize, RJ AF Ehrenreich, T Zhdanov, B Takekoshi, T Phipps, SP Knize, RJ TI Diode pumped caesium laser SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VAPOR; CS AB A continuous-wave caesium vapour laser with diode laser pumping is demonstrated. An output power of more than 130 mW was achieved using a 400 mW pump giving an overall optical efficiency better than 32%. It is expected to increase the laser efficiency with improvement to the experimental setup. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ehrenreich, T (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM thomas.ehrenreich@usafa.af.mil NR 6 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD MAR 31 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 7 BP 415 EP 416 DI 10.1049/el:20058388 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 921FK UT WOS:000228749400024 ER PT J AU Horne, RB Thorne, RM Glauert, SA Albert, JM Meredith, NP Anderson, RR AF Horne, RB Thorne, RM Glauert, SA Albert, JM Meredith, NP Anderson, RR TI Timescale for radiation belt electron acceleration by whistler mode chorus waves SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LINEAR DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; OUTER-ZONE ELECTRONS; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; PITCH-ANGLE; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; RESONANT INTERACTIONS; SUBSTORM DEPENDENCE; MAGNETIC STORM; ION-CYCLOTRON; EMIC WAVES AB Electron acceleration inside the Earth's magnetosphere is required to explain increases in the similar to MeV radiation belt electron flux during magnetically disturbed periods. Recent studies show that electron acceleration by whistler mode chorus waves becomes most efficient just outside the plasmapause, near L = 4.5, where peaks in the electron phase space density are observed. We present CRRES data on the spatial distribution of chorus emissions during active conditions. The wave data are used to calculate the pitch angle and energy diffusion rates in three magnetic local time (MLT) sectors and to obtain a timescale for acceleration. We show that chorus emissions in the prenoon sector accelerate electrons most efficiently at latitudes above 15 degrees for equatorial pitch angles between 20 degrees and 60 degrees. As electrons drift around the Earth, they are scattered to large pitch angles and further accelerated by chorus on the nightside in the equatorial region. The timescale to accelerate electrons by whistler mode chorus and increase the flux at 1 MeV by an order of magnitude is approximately 1 day, in agreement with satellite observations during the recovery phase of storms. During wave acceleration the electrons undergo many drift orbits and the resulting pitch angle distributions are energy-dependent. Chorus scattering should produce pitch angle distributions that are either flat-topped or butterfly-shaped. The results provide strong support for the wave acceleration theory. C1 British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, VSBX, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM r.horne@bas.ac.uk; rmt@atmos.ucla.edu; sagl@bas.ac.uk; jay.albert@hanscom.af.mil; npm@mssl.ucl.ac.uk; roger-r-anderson@uiowa.edu NR 48 TC 358 Z9 359 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 31 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A3 AR A03225 DI 10.1029/2004JA010811 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 916FK UT WOS:000228370600001 ER PT J AU Hsiao, VKS Lin, TC He, GS Cartwright, AN Prasad, PN Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Bunning, TJ AF Hsiao, VKS Lin, TC He, GS Cartwright, AN Prasad, PN Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Bunning, TJ TI Optical microfabrication of highly reflective volume Bragg gratings SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISPERSED LIQUID-CRYSTALS; POLYMER; MORPHOLOGY AB An approach for fabricating wide-bandwidth and highly reflective Bragg grating structures with the technique of holographic photopolymerization of a liquid crystal (LC) polymer composite is presented. The key to this fabrication method that distinguishes it from previous methods is the use of a nonreactive solvent, acetone, to dissolve the photoinitiator and coinitiator in an acrylate monomer/LC mixture. The addition of acetone results in the creation of controllable periodic voids inside the thin film after the acetone evaporates. Peak reflectivity as high as 80% and a broad reflection bandwidth of 80 nm were observed in the reflection gratings formed with acetone present in the starting mixture. It was estimated from a fit to the experimental data that the resulting index mismatch was approximately 0.2; consistent with the presence of air voids. It is determined that tunable wavelength, diffraction efficiency, and bandwidth of reflection notches can be achieved by backfilling with fluids of different refractive indices. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cartwright, AN (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM anc@buffalo.edu RI Cartwright, Alexander/C-4380-2008 OI Cartwright, Alexander/0000-0002-0921-8036 NR 18 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 13 AR 131113 DI 10.1063/1.1880435 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 916YL UT WOS:000228422600013 ER PT J AU Midey, AJ Miller, TM Morris, RA Viggiano, AA AF Midey, AJ Miller, TM Morris, RA Viggiano, AA TI Reactions of POxCly- ions with H and H-2 from 298 to 500 K SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; ELECTRON-AFFINITIES; PHOSPHORYL CHLORIDE; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; CHEMISTRY; POCL3; TEMPERATURE; ATTACHMENT; GAUSSIAN-2 AB Rate constants and product branching ratios for POxCly- ions reacting with H and H-2 were measured in a selected ion flow tube (SIFT) from 298 to 500 K. PO2Cl-, PO2Cl2-, POCl2-, and POCl3- were all unreactive with H-2, having a rate constant with an upper limit of < 5 x 10(-12) cm(3) S-1. PO2Cl2- did not react with H atoms either, having a similar rate constant limit of < 5 x 10(-12) cm(3) s(-1). The rate constants for PO2Cl-, POCl2-, and POCl3- reacting with H showed no temperature dependence over the limited range of 298-500 K and were approximately 10-20% of the collision rate constant. Cl abstraction by H to form HCl was the predominant product channel for PO2Cl-, POCl2-, and POCl3-, with a small amount of Cl- observed from POCl2- + H. Reactions of O-2 and O-3 with the POCl- products ions from the reaction of POCl2- + H were observed to yield predominantly PO3- and PO2-, respectively. POCl- reacted with O-2 and O-3 with rate constants of 8.9 +/- 1.1 x 10(-11) and 5.2 +/- 3.3 x 10(-10) cm(3) s(-1), respectively. No associative electron detachment in the reactions with H atoms was observed with any of the reactant ions; however, detachment was observed with a PO- secondary product ion at high H atom concentrations. Results of new G3 theoretical calculations of optimized geometries and energies for the products observed are discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Midey, AJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM anthony.midey@hanscom.af.mil NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 24 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 11 BP 2559 EP 2563 DI 10.1021/jp045203e PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 907RA UT WOS:000227734400021 PM 16833559 ER PT J AU Albert, JM AF Albert, JM TI Evaluation of quasi-linear diffusion coefficients for whistler mode waves in a plasma with arbitrary density ratio SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION BELT ELECTRONS; PITCH-ANGLE DIFFUSION; RESONANT DIFFUSION; ACCELERATION; CHORUS; MAGNETOSPHERE; CYCLOTRON; EMISSIONS; ENERGY AB [1] Techniques are presented for efficiently evaluating quasi-linear diffusion coefficients for whistler mode waves propagating according to the full cold plasma index of refraction. In particular, the density ratio omega(pe)/Omega(e) can be small, which favors energy diffusion. This generalizes an approach, previously used for high-density hiss and electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves, of identifying ( and omitting) ranges of wavenormal angle theta that are incompatible with cyclotron resonant frequencies omega occurring between sharp cutoffs of the modeled wave frequency spectrum. This requires a detailed analysis of the maximum and minimum values of the refractive index as a function of omega and theta, as has previously been performed in the high-density approximation. Sample calculations show the effect of low-density ratio on the pitch angle and energy diffusion coefficients modeling the effect of chorus waves on radiation belt electrons. The high-density approximation turns out to be quite robust, especially when the upper frequency cutoff is small compared with Omega(e). The techniques greatly reduce the amount of computation needed for a sample calculation, while taking into account all resonant harmonic numbers n up to +/-infinity. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSBX, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Albert, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSBX, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM jay.albert@hanscom.af.mil OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630 NR 26 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 22 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A3 AR A03218 DI 10.1029/2004JA010844 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 913MU UT WOS:000228156700006 ER PT J AU Jiang, CY Rybak, BM Markutsya, S Kladitis, PE Tsukruk, VV AF Jiang, CY Rybak, BM Markutsya, S Kladitis, PE Tsukruk, VV TI Self-recovery of stressed nanomembranes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MULTILAYER FILMS; MEMBRANE; SENSORS; PRESSURE; POLYMERS; SURFACES; SILICON AB Long-term stability and self-recovery properties were studied for the compliant nanomembranes with a thickness of 55 nm free suspended over openings of several hundred microns across. These nanomembranes were assembled with spin-assisted layer-by-layer routines and were composed of polymer multilayers and gold nanoparticles. In a wide pressure range, the membranes behave like completely elastic freely suspended plates. Temporal stability was tested under extreme deformational conditions close to ultimate strain and very modest creep behavior was observed. A unique "self-recovery" ability of these nanomembranes was revealed in these tests. We observed a complete restoration of the initial nanomembrane shape and properties after significant inelastic deformation. These unique micromechanical properties are suggested to be the result of strong Coulombic interaction between the polyelectrolyte layers combined with a high level of biaxial orientation of polymer chains and in-plane prestretching stresses. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jiang, CY (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM vladimir@iastate.edu RI Jiang, Chaoyang/E-4925-2010 NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 21 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 12 AR 121912 DI 10.1063/1.1889239 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 912BA UT WOS:000228050900028 ER PT J AU Mocofanescu, A Wang, L Jain, R Shaw, KD Gavrielides, A Peterson, P Sharma, MP AF Mocofanescu, A Wang, L Jain, R Shaw, KD Gavrielides, A Peterson, P Sharma, MP TI SBS threshold for single mode and multimode GRIN fibers in an all fiber configuration SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-FIBER; CRITICAL POWER; RADIATION AB We investigate stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) threshold in single mode and multimode fibers in an all fiber network. The pump is a single mode fiber pigtail attached to a diode. We find the theory and experiment agree for both single mode and multimode GRIN fibers. We modify the bulk SBS threshold equation for use with fibers by properly accounting for mode sizes and modal dispersion. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Directed Energy Directorate, AFRL DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM phillip.peterson@kirtland.af.mil NR 11 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 21 PY 2005 VL 13 IS 6 BP 2019 EP 2024 DI 10.1364/OPEX.13.002019 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 908QZ UT WOS:000227805400031 PM 19495085 ER PT J AU Ren, WJ Mall, S Sanders, JH Sharma, SK AF Ren, WJ Mall, S Sanders, JH Sharma, SK TI Evaluation of coatings on Ti-6Al-4V substrate under fretting fatigue SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ti-6Al-4V; coefficients of friction; fretting ID LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE; CRACK INITIATION; STRENGTH; STEEL; BEHAVIOR; FILM AB Four coating systems, TiCN, CrN+MoS2, Cu-Al and Ag+ irradiated layer, were evaluated for their potential towards improving fretting fatigue behavior of titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V Coefficients of friction (COF) and fretting fatigue lives of the specimens with and without coating were compared. Coating damage was characterized through scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry. COF may increase or decrease during the fretting fatigue due to generation of coating debris. The decrease in COF can be attributed to lubrication by coating debris produced during fretting fatigue. Further, when a coating is subjected to fretting, it would degrade. Improvement in fretting fatigue life, if any, can only be achieved only when the coating degradation is reduced or eliminated. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Systran Fed Corp, Dayton, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 18 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD MAR 21 PY 2005 VL 192 IS 2-3 BP 177 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.07.084 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 895EC UT WOS:000226842700007 ER PT J AU Vaghjiani, GL AF Vaghjiani, GL TI 248-nm laser photolysis of CHBr3/O-atom mixtures: Kinetic evidence for UVCO(A) chemiluminescence in the reaction of methylidyne radicals with atomic oxygen SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE REACTION; BRANCHING RATIOS; RATE CONSTANTS; CHEMI-IONIZATION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SPECTROSCOPY; CH; NM; EXCITATION; PRODUCT AB The 4th positive and Cameron band emissions from electronically excited CO have been observed for the first time in 248-nm pulsed laser photolysis of a trace amount of CHBr3 vapor in an excess of O atoms. O atoms were produced by dissociation of N2O (or O-2) in a cw-microwave discharge cavity in 2.0 Torr of He at 298 K. The CO emission intensity in these bands showed a quadratic dependence on the laser fluence employed. Temporal profiles of the CO(A) and other excited-state products that formed in the photoproduced precursor + O-atom reactions were measured by recording their time-resolved chemiluminescence in discrete vibronic bands. The CO 4th positive transition (A(1)Pi, v' = 0 -> X(1)Sigma(+), v'' = 2) near 165.7 nm was monitored in this work to deduce the pseudo-first-order decay kinetics of the CO(A) chemiluminescence in the presence of various added substrates (CH4, NO, N2O, H-2, and O-2). From this, the second-order rate coefficient values were determined for reactions of these substrates with the photoproduced precursors. The measured reactivity trends suggest that the prominent precursors responsible for the CO(A) chemiluminescence are the methylidyne radicals, CH(X(2)Pi) and CH(a(4)Sigma(-)), whose production requires the absorption of at least 2 laser photons by the photolysis mixture. The O-atorn reactions with brominated precursors (CBr, CHBr, and CBr2), which also form in the photolysis, are shown to play a minor role in the production of the CO(A or a) chemiluminescence. However, the CBr2 + O-atom reaction was identified as a significant source for the 289.9-nm Br-2 chemiluminescence that was also observed in this work. The 282.2-nm OH and the 336.2-nm NH chemiluminescences were also monitored to deduce the kinetics of CH(X(2)Pi) and CH(a(4)Sigma(-)) reactions when excess O-2 and NO were present. C1 USAF, Res Lab, ERC Inc, PRSA, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Vaghjiani, GL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, ERC Inc, PRSA, 10 E Saturn Blvd, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM ghanshyam.vaghjiani@edwards.af.mil NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 17 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 10 BP 2197 EP 2206 DI 10.1021/jp046172q PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 906HA UT WOS:000227630200021 PM 16838991 ER PT J AU Herbeuval, JP Boasso, A Grivel, JC Hardy, AW Anderson, SA Dolan, MJ Chougnet, C Lifson, JD Shearer, GM AF Herbeuval, JP Boasso, A Grivel, JC Hardy, AW Anderson, SA Dolan, MJ Chougnet, C Lifson, JD Shearer, GM TI TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in HIV-1-infected patients and its in vitro production by antigen-presenting cells SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; CD4(+) T-CELLS; HUMAN LYMPHOID-TISSUE; DENDRITIC CELLS; HIV-INFECTION; SIGNALING PATHWAY; CANCER-CELLS; INDUCTION; MONOCYTES AB There is now considerable in vitro evidence that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is involved in HIV-1 pathogenesis by inducing CD4(+) T-cell death characteristic of AIDS. Therefore, we have tested levels of TRAIL in plasma samples from 107 HIV-1-infected and 53 uninfected controls as well as in longitudinal plasma samples from patients who started antiretroviral therapy (ART). TRAIL was elevated in plasma of HIV-1-infected patients compared with uninfected individuals, and patients receiving ART showed decreased plasma TRAIL levels that correlated with reduction in viral load. In vitro exposure to infectious and noninfectious HIV-1 induced TRAIL in monocytes and marginally in dendritic cells (DCs) but not in macrophages or T cells. Interestingly, the HIV-1 entry inhibitor, soluble CD4, blocked HIV-1-induced production of TRAIL. Furthermore, production and gene expression of TRAIL by monocytes were regulated by type I interferon via signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1)/STAT2 signaling molecule. Ex vivo HIV-1 infection of human tonsil lymphoid tissue also resulted in increased TRAIL production. We demonstrate here that plasma TRAIL is elevated in HIV-1-infected patients and is decreased by ART therapy. The high production of TRAIL by antigen-presenting cells may contribute to the death of CD4(+) T cells during progression to AIDS. (c) 2005 by The American Society of Hematology. C1 NCI, Expt Immunol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NICHHD, Lab Cellular & Mol Biophys, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn & Infect Dis Serv, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Childrens Hosp Res Fdn, Div Mol Immunol, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. NCI, AIDS Vaccine Program, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Shearer, GM (reprint author), NCI, Expt Immunol Branch, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM gene_shearer@nih.gov OI Boasso, Adriano/0000-0001-9673-6319 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-12400] NR 43 TC 98 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 105 IS 6 BP 2458 EP 2464 DI 10.1182/blood-2004-08-3058 PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 906HD UT WOS:000227630500043 PM 15585654 ER PT J AU Clark, BM Lloyd, BA Christopher, GW Foody, WF AF Clark, BM Lloyd, BA Christopher, GW Foody, WF TI A young man from Peru with fever and abdominal pain SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FASCIOLA-HEPATICA INFECTION; HEPATOBILIARY FASCIOLIASIS C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Clark, BM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, 2200 bergquist Dr,Ste 1,MMIMR, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Brychan.Clark@lackland.af.mil NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 6 BP 842 EP + PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JP UT WOS:000227492800011 PM 15751182 ER PT J AU Cai, D Zheng, LL Zhang, H Tassev, VL Bliss, DF AF Cai, D Zheng, LL Zhang, H Tassev, VL Bliss, DF TI Modeling of aluminum nitride growth by halide vapor transport epitaxy method SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE computer simulation; halide vapor transport epitaxy reactor; mass transfer; chemical vapor deposition process; semiconducting aluminum nitride ID ALN THIN-FILMS; ALCL3-NH3 MIXTURES; LOW-PRESSURE; A1N FILMS; DEPOSITION; AIN; CVD; ORIENTATION; SUBLIMATION; MORPHOLOGY AB A halide vapor transport epitaxy (HVTE) system was designed and built at USAF Research Laboratory to grow high-quality aluminum nitride film at growth rates up to 40 mu m/h with the deposition temperature of 1100-1300 degrees C and the pressure ranging from 3.5-760 Torr (J. Crystal Growth 250 (2003) 1). In order to optimize the growth process, a numerical model, which is capable of describing multi-component fluid flow, gas/surface chemistry, conjugate heat transfer, and species transport, has been developed to help in design and optimization of the HVTE growth system. The partial pressures of aluminum chloride amine adduct, used as the aluminum source, and anhydrous ammonia for the nitrogen, have been measured and used as the inlet boundary conditions in the computational model. By matching predicted and experimental deposition rates, the heterogeneous reaction boundary condition is determined and applied to the substrate. To optimize operating parameters, the comprehensive three-dimensional computational simulations have been performed to study the temperature distribution, species mixing process and AlN deposition rate distribution on the substrate under different geometrical configurations and operating conditions. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mech Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01732 USA. RP Cai, D (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mech Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. EM dcai@ic.sunysb.edu NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 276 IS 1-2 BP 182 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.11.339 PG 12 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 914HL UT WOS:000228218300027 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Semiatin, SL Lee, CS AF Kim, JH Semiatin, SL Lee, CS TI Constitutive analysis of the high-temperature deformation mechanisms of Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6.85Al-1.6V alloys SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Ti-6Al-4V alloy; near-alpha Ti alloy; grain-boundary sliding; grain-matrix deformation; intemal-variable theory ID ALPHA/BETA-TITANIUM-ALLOY; HOT-WORKING; TRANSFORMED MICROSTRUCTURE; SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION; ACCOMMODATION MODE; PLASTIC-FLOW; GRAIN-SIZE; BEHAVIOR AB The high-temperature deformation mechanisms of a near-alpha titanium alloy (Ti-6.85Al-1.6V) and an alpha + beta titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) were deduced within the framework of inelastic-deformation theory. For this purpose, load-relaxation tests were conducted on the two alloys at temperatures ranging from 750 to 900 degrees C. The stress versus strain rate curves of both alloys were well fit with inelastic-deformation equations which consisted of grain-matrix deformation (GMD) and grain-boundary sliding (GBS). The constitutive analysis revealed that the grain-boundary sliding resistance is higher in the near-alpha alloy than in the two-phase alpha + beta alloy due to the difficulty in relaxing stress concentrations at the triple-junction regions in the near-alpha alloy. In addition, the internal-strength parameter (sigma*) of the near-alpha alloy was much higher than that for the alpha + beta alloy, thus implying that dislocation emission/slip transfer at alpha/alpha boundaries is more difficult than at alpha/beta boundaries. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lee, CS (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM cslee@postech.ac.kr RI Lee, Chong Soo/F-5814-2013 NR 25 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 394 IS 1-2 BP 366 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2004.11.061 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 912HU UT WOS:000228069000043 ER PT J AU Siskaninetz, WJ Ehret, JE Lott, JA Griffith, JC Nelson, TR AF Siskaninetz, WJ Ehret, JE Lott, JA Griffith, JC Nelson, TR TI Enhanced performance of bipolar cascade light-emitting diodes by doping the aluminum oxide apertures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; LASERS AB Performance improvements in multiple-stage, single-cavity bipolar cascade light-emitting diodes including reduced operating voltages, enhanced light generation, and reduced device heating are obtained by doping intracavity aluminum oxide apertures with silicon. This doping results in a reduced electron energy barrier and, therefore, a reduced series resistance which leads to better power and heating characteristics. Nearly 50% reductions in operating voltages, 200% increases in light power, and increased operating range are demonstrated. We discuss the direct implications of these results for the design of bipolar cascade vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Sensors Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Siskaninetz, WJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Sensors Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM william.siskaninetz@wpafb.af.mil NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 14 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 11 AR 111108 DI 10.1063/1.1885168 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 912AY UT WOS:000228050700008 ER PT J AU Alexander, MD Dowly, H Black, B Matuszewski, MJ Wang, CS Hansen, G Pettit, M AF Alexander, MD Dowly, H Black, B Matuszewski, MJ Wang, CS Hansen, G Pettit, M TI Conductive elastomeric nanocomposites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 282-PMSE BP U1147 EP U1147 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066605282 ER PT J AU Bai, ZW Cloud, JL Dang, TD AF Bai, ZW Cloud, JL Dang, TD TI Proton conductivity and properties of sulfonated polyarylenethioethersulfone copolymer as polymer electrolyte membrane materials. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45409 USA. Wilmington Coll, Wilmington, OH 45177 USA. USAF, RL, MLBP, Mat & Mfg Technol Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM zongwu.bai@wpafb.af.mil; josh_cloud_00@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 298-POLY BP U950 EP U950 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066604297 ER PT J AU Balaich, GJ Pitotti, CJ Roth, EP Canfield, GM Johnson, JEB Zakharov, LN Rheingold, AL AF Balaich, GJ Pitotti, CJ Roth, EP Canfield, GM Johnson, JEB Zakharov, LN Rheingold, AL TI New C-2-symmetric ligand for ansa-metallocene chemistry: Synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of the ansa-stannocene complex, rac-[(CHBUT)(2)(C5H2BuT2)(2)]SN. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM gary.balaich@usafa.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 114-INOR BP U978 EP U978 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177707113 ER PT J AU Bullock, CR Wilkes, JS AF Bullock, CR Wilkes, JS TI Magnesium hydride for use in fuel cells SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM C05Courtney.Bullock@usafa.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 973-CHED BP U507 EP U507 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177703392 ER PT J AU Chen, CG AF Chen, CG TI Morphology development behavior of epoxy nanocomposites with different curing agents. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Nonmet Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Nonmet Div, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 575-INOR BP U1050 EP U1050 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177707573 ER PT J AU Crouch, C Racicot, R AF Crouch, C Racicot, R TI Microbial influenced corrosion of aircraft aluminum alloys. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Usafa, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 338-CHED BP U391 EP U391 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177702364 ER PT J AU Dang, TD AF Dang, TD TI Wholly aromatic sulfonated polyarylenethioether sulfone copolymers as PEM for fuel cells. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 AFRL, MLBP, Mat & Mfg Technol Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM thuy.dang@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 456-POLY BP U973 EP U973 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066604454 ER PT J AU Dang, TD Venkatasubramanian, N Williams, LD Fries-Carr, S Fossum, E AF Dang, TD Venkatasubramanian, N Williams, LD Fries-Carr, S Fossum, E TI Advanced polyester dielectrics for high energy density capacitor applications. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, RL, MLBP, Mat & Mfg Technol Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM thuy.dang@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 300-POLY BP U950 EP U950 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066604299 ER PT J AU Das, GP Blaudeau, JP AF Das, GP Blaudeau, JP TI Ab-initio fragment orbital theory: Application to the excited states of some organometallic compounds SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, ASC, HP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM gurudas2@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 2332-COMP BP U791 EP U791 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177705554 ER PT J AU Drummy, LF Koerner, H Tan, A Farmer, K Farmer, BL Vaia, RA AF Drummy, LF Koerner, H Tan, A Farmer, K Farmer, BL Vaia, RA TI High resolution electron microscopy of layered silicate/epoxy nanocomposites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM lawrence.drummy@wpalb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 98-PMSE BP U1118 EP U1118 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066605098 ER PT J AU Farmer, BL Anderson, KL Manias, E AF Farmer, BL Anderson, KL Manias, E TI Deformation and failure of polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: Course grained computer simulations. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, ML, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM barty.farmer@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 124-PMSE BP U1122 EP U1122 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066605124 ER PT J AU Kappe, ED Wilkes, JS AF Kappe, ED Wilkes, JS TI Energetic ionic liquids. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM C05Erik.Kappe@usafa.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 1037-CHED BP U516 EP U516 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177703456 ER PT J AU Lee, CYC AF Lee, CYC TI Nanophotonics program at AFOSR. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, AFOSRNL, Arlington, VA USA. EM charles.lee@afosr.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 057-PHYS BP U711 EP U711 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066603057 ER PT J AU Lee, HJ Oh, SJ Keum, DK Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Lee, HJ Oh, SJ Keum, DK Tan, LS Baek, JB TI Functionalization of carbon nanotubes with substituted benzoic acids via Fiedel-Crafts reaction in polyphosphoric acid. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Chungbuk 361763, South Korea. USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, AFRL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM hwajungs@hanmail.net; Loon-Seng.Tan@wpafb.af.mil; jbbaek@chungbuk.ac.kr NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 246-POLY BP U943 EP U943 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066604247 ER PT J AU Lyuksyutov, SF Juhl, SB Paramonov, PB Vaia, R AF Lyuksyutov, SF Juhl, SB Paramonov, PB Vaia, R TI Atomic force microscopy electrostatic nanolithography (AFMEN): Manipulation of thin polymer films under extreme electrostatic potentials. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Akron, Dept Phys, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Chem, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Univ Dayton, Inst Res, AFRL,MLBP, UDRI, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM sfl@physics.uakron.edu RI Paramonov, Pavel/I-6090-2013 OI Paramonov, Pavel/0000-0002-3163-4319 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 140-PMSE BP U1124 EP U1124 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066605140 ER PT J AU Mabry, JM Haddad, TS Svejda, SA AF Mabry, JM Haddad, TS Svejda, SA TI Polymer nanocomposites containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, PRSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM joseph.mabry@edwards.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 139-POLY BP U927 EP U927 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066604139 ER PT J AU Mirau, PA Vaia, R Garber, J AF Mirau, PA Vaia, R Garber, J TI NMR characterization of the structure and dynamics of polymer interfaces in clay nanocomposites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM peter.mirau@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 149-POLY BP U928 EP U928 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066604149 ER PT J AU Pender, MJ Hartgerink, J Maruyama, B Naik, RR Stone, MO Vaia, R AF Pender, MJ Hartgerink, J Maruyama, B Naik, RR Stone, MO Vaia, R TI Selectively derivatized single wall carbon nanotube networks via peptide-mediated, non-covalent modification. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77251 USA. EM mark.pender@wpafb.af.mil RI Maruyama, Benji/E-3634-2010; Hartgerink, Jeffrey/G-4275-2016 OI Hartgerink, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3186-5395 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 003-POLY BP U906 EP U906 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066604003 ER PT J AU Phelps, DK AF Phelps, DK TI Gibbs Ensemble Monte Carlo with work-bias particle insertions in the simulation of a phase diagram. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM donald.phelps@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 087-FUEL BP U864 EP U864 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177706219 ER PT J AU Rauch-Johnson, ME Sackenheim, MJ Rozenzhak, SM AF Rauch-Johnson, ME Sackenheim, MJ Rozenzhak, SM TI Detection of microbial contamination of united states air force aviation fuel using 16sr DNA amplification and the ruggedized advanced pathogen identification device (RAPID). SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Usafa, CO 80840 USA. EM michelle.rauch@usafa.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 055-PETR BP U595 EP U596 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066602521 ER PT J AU Rozenzhak, SM Caserta, TM Stone, MO Naik, RR Kadakia, MP AF Rozenzhak, SM Caserta, TM Stone, MO Naik, RR Kadakia, MP TI Cellular internalization and targeting of nanoparticles. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Biotechnol Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM sofya.rozenzhak@wpafb.af.mil; madhavi.kadakia@wright.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 307-PMSE BP U1150 EP U1151 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066605307 ER PT J AU Schulte, MD Clarson, SJ Natarajan, LV Bunning, TJ AF Schulte, MD Clarson, SJ Natarajan, LV Bunning, TJ TI Fluorinated dimethacrylate monomers and their effects on polymer dispersed liquid crystals. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Polymer Ctr, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. AFRL, MLPJ, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM schultem@battelle.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 424-POLY BP U968 EP U968 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066604422 ER PT J AU Schwertner, HA Bin Kong, S AF Schwertner, HA Bin Kong, S TI Analysis of gingerol derivatives in ginger rhizome and in plasma samples by liquid chromatography. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Incarnate Word, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78209 USA. EM harvey.schwertner@lackland.af.mil; konG@universe.uiwtx.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 166-AGFD BP U55 EP U56 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177700180 ER PT J AU Schwertner, HA Bin Kong, S AF Schwertner, HA Bin Kong, S TI Determination of modafinil in plasma and urine by reversed phase liquid chromatography. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Incarnate Word, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78209 USA. EM harvey.schwertner@lackland.af.mil; kong@universe.uiwtx.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 566-MEDI BP U216 EP U216 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066600596 ER PT J AU Schwertner, HA Bin Kong, S Richter, EL AF Schwertner, HA Bin Kong, S Richter, EL TI New method extracting salicylic acid from plasma and for its analysis by high performance liquid chromatography. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Incarnate Word, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78209 USA. EM harvey.schwertner@lackland.af.mil; kong@universe.uiwtx.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 567-MEDI BP U216 EP U216 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066600597 ER PT J AU Slocik, JM Tomczak, MM Stone, MO Naik, RR AF Slocik, JM Tomczak, MM Stone, MO Naik, RR TI Assembly of hybrid nanostructures using biological building blocks. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Joseph.Slocik@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 333-PMSE BP U1155 EP U1155 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066605333 ER PT J AU Stanley, CM Wilkes, JS AF Stanley, CM Wilkes, JS TI Hydrogen generation from lithium aluminum hydride. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM C05Cameron.Stanley@usafa.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 967-CHED BP U506 EP U506 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177703386 ER PT J AU Trice, J Chen, J Hicks, BW AF Trice, J Chen, J Hicks, BW TI Evaluation of computer assisted drug design for production of therapeutics directed against ricin and related ribosomal inactivating proteins. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 804-CHED BP U481 EP U481 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177703227 ER PT J AU Trohalaki, S Patnaik, SS Pachter, R AF Trohalaki, S Patnaik, SS Pachter, R TI Computation of the absorption spectrum of green fluorescent protein SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, AFRL, MLPJ, Res Lab,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.trohalaki@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 191-COMP BP U784 EP U784 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177705514 ER PT J AU Vaia, R Koerner, H Powers, D Mirau, PA Alexander, MD Arlen, M AF Vaia, R Koerner, H Powers, D Mirau, PA Alexander, MD Arlen, M TI Polymer nanocomposites as adaptive materials: Carbon nanotube polyurethane stress recovery systems. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpaft.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 526-POLY BP U983 EP U984 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066604523 ER PT J AU Vaia, R Jakubiak, R Bunning, TJ Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Sutherland, RL Lloyd, P AF Vaia, R Jakubiak, R Bunning, TJ Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Sutherland, RL Lloyd, P TI Holographic photopolymerization of photonic structures for field-enhanced applications. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 096-PHYS BP U717 EP U717 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066603096 ER PT J AU Viggiano, AA Midey, A Zhang, P Irle, S Morokuma, K AF Viggiano, AA Midey, A Zhang, P Irle, S Morokuma, K TI Ion chemistry important for the ionosphere and atmospheric discharges: Kinetics of nitrogen and oxygen containing species at high temperatures. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Emory Univ, Cherry L Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 136-PHYS BP U723 EP U723 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066603136 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Baek, JB Tan, LS AF Wang, DH Baek, JB Tan, LS TI Phthalonitrile-terminated hyperbranched poly(arylene-ether-ketone-imide): Synthesis and its blending with 4,4 '-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)biphenyl. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju, South Korea. USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, ARFL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.wang@wpafb.af.mil; Loon-Seng.Tan@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 344-POLY BP U956 EP U956 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066604342 ER PT J AU Yeates, AT Dudis, DS Fratini, AV Reynolds, TE Loescher, KA AF Yeates, AT Dudis, DS Fratini, AV Reynolds, TE Loescher, KA TI Structure and energetics of thiazolo[5,4-D]thiazole and derivatives: Promising materials for organic electronics. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLBP, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM alan.yeates@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 351-COMP BP U810 EP U810 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177705672 ER PT J AU Kagan, LM Nicolls, MJ Kelley, MC Carlson, HC Belikovich, VV Bakhmet'eva, NV Komrakov, GP Trondsen, TS Donovan, E AF Kagan, LM Nicolls, MJ Kelley, MC Carlson, HC Belikovich, VV Bakhmet'eva, NV Komrakov, GP Trondsen, TS Donovan, E TI Observation of radio-wave-induced red hydroxyl emission at low altitude in the ionosphere SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEATING EXPERIMENTS; SPORADIC-E; AIRGLOW; ENHANCEMENTS AB We report the discovery of radio-wave-induced red emission of OH Meinel rotation-vibrational bands at 629.79 nm. These are the first measurements of artificial aurora below 100 km. We believe that the 629.79-nm OH emission was due to radio-wave focusing by sporadic ionization clouds near 80-85 km altitude, thus giving a technique to visualize the low-altitude sporadic ionization and providing insight into ionospheric interactions at these low altitudes. C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. Radiophys Res Inst, Nizhnii Novgorod 603095, Russia. Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Kagan, LM (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. RI Nicolls, Michael/N-8680-2013; Trondsen, Trond/F-5751-2016; OI Nicolls, Michael/0000-0001-8267-6327; Trondsen, Trond/0000-0002-9538-1832; Donovan, Eric/0000-0002-8557-4155 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 11 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 9 AR 095004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.095004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 905KC UT WOS:000227566000030 PM 15783973 ER PT J AU Andersen, G AF Andersen, G TI Holographic correction and phasing of large sparse-array telescopes SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ABERRATIONS; MIRROR; SPACE AB I have constructed a 1-m-diameter telescope using separate, low-quality spherical primary mirror segments. A single hologram of the mirrors is used to correct the random surface distortions as well as spherical aberration, while simultaneously phasing the individual apertures together. I present experimental results of the removal of an error of thousands of waves to produce a diffraction-limited instrument operating over a narrow bandwidth. This technique promises to have many benefits in future space-based telescopes for imaging, lidar, and optical communications. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Andersen, G (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Suite 2A31,2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM andersen@usafa.af.mil NR 14 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 10 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1355 EP 1359 DI 10.1364/AO.44.001355 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 913QQ UT WOS:000228168300001 PM 15796231 ER PT J AU Anderson, TN Lucht, RP Barron-Jimenez, R Hanna, SF Caton, JA Walther, T Roy, S Brown, MS Gord, JR Critchley, I Flamand, L AF Anderson, TN Lucht, RP Barron-Jimenez, R Hanna, SF Caton, JA Walther, T Roy, S Brown, MS Gord, JR Critchley, I Flamand, L TI Combustion exhaust measurements of nitric oxide with an ultraviolet diode-laser-based absorption sensor SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; MODULATION SPECTROSCOPY; NO; BAND; OH; SYSTEM; SHIFT; LINES; NM; RADIATION AB A diode-laser-based sensor has been developed for ultraviolet absorption measurements of the nitric oxide (NO) molecule. The sensor is based on the sum-frequency mixing (SFM) of the output of a tunable, 395-nm external-cavity diode laser and a 532-nm diode-pumped, frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser in a P-barium, borate crystal. The SFM process generates 325 +/- 75 nW of ultraviolet radiation at 226.8 nm, corresponding to the (v' = 0, v(n) = 0) band of the A(2)Sigma(+)-X-2 Pi electronic transition of NO. Results from initial laboratory experiments in a gas cell are briefly discussed, followed by results from field demonstrations of the sensor for measurements in the exhaust streams of a gas turbine engine and a well-stirred reactor. It is demonstrated that the sensor is capable of fully resolving the absorption spectrum and accurately measuring the NO concentration in actual combustion environments. Absorption is clearly visible in the gas turbine exhaust even for the lowest concentrations of 9 parts per million (ppm) for idle conditions and for a path length of 0.51 m. The sensitivity of the current system is estimated at 0.23%, which corresponds to a detection limit of 0.8 ppm in 1 m for 1000 K gas. The estimated uncertainty in the absolute concentrations that we obtained using the sensor is 10%. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Appl Phys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Honeywell Engine Syst & Serv, Dept Combust & Emiss, Phoenix, AZ 85034 USA. RP Anderson, TN (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, 585 Purdue Mall, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM tandersop@purdue.edu RI Walther, Thomas/C-6212-2016 OI Walther, Thomas/0000-0001-8114-1785 NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 10 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1491 EP 1502 DI 10.1364/AO.44.001491 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 913QQ UT WOS:000228168300022 PM 15796251 ER PT J AU Schwertner, HA Kong, SB AF Schwertner, HA Kong, SB TI Determination of modafinil in plasma and urine by reversed phase high-performance liquid-chromatography SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE modafinil; provigil; high-performance liquid-chromatography; plasma analysis; urine analysis ID EXTRACTION; TABLETS; ACID AB Modafinil (Provigil) is a new wake-promoting drug that is being used for the management of excessive sleepiness in patients with narcolepsy. It has pharmacological properties similar to that of amphetamine, but without some of the side effects associated with amphetamine-like stimulants. Since modafinil has the potential to be abused, accurate drug-screening methods are needed for its analysis. In this study, we developed a high-performance liquid-chromatographic procedure (HPLC) for the quantitative analysis of modafinil in plasma and urine. (Phenylthio)acetic acid was used as an internal standard for the analysis of both plasma and urine. Modafinil was extracted from urine and plasma with ethyl acetate and ethyl acetate-acetic acid (100:1, v/v), respectively, and analyzed on a C18 reverse phase column with methanol-water-acetic acid (500:500:1, v/v) as the mobile phase. Recoveries from urine and plasma were 80.0 and 98.9%, respectively and the limit of quantitation was 0.1 mu g/mL at 233 nm. Forty-eight 2-h post-dose urine samples from sham controls and from individuals taking 200 or 400 me of modafinil were analyzed without knowledge of drug administration. All 16-placebo urine samples and all 32 2-h post-dose urine samples were correctly classified. The analytical procedure is accurate and reproducible and can be used for therapeutic drug monitoring, pharmacokinetic studies. and drug abuse screening. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Incarnate Word, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78209 USA. RP Schwertner, HA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM harvey.schwertner@lackland.af.mil NR 9 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0731-7085 J9 J PHARMACEUT BIOMED JI J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. PD MAR 9 PY 2005 VL 37 IS 3 BP 475 EP 479 DI 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.11.014 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 912NN UT WOS:000228085800009 PM 15740906 ER PT J AU Liu, JK Zhang, P Morokuma, K Sharma, RD AF Liu, JK Zhang, P Morokuma, K Sharma, RD TI A new mechanism for the production of highly vibrationally excited OH in the mesosphere: An ab initio study of the reactions of O-2(A (3)Sigma(+)(u) and A ' (3)Delta(u))+H SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; MANY-BODY EXPANSION; THEORETICAL CHARACTERIZATION; GROUND-STATE; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; RESEARCH SATELLITE; GRAVITY-WAVES; HO2; AIRGLOW; IDENTIFICATION AB In an attempt to explain the observed nightglow emission from OH(v=10) in the mesosphere that has the energy greater than the exothermicity of the H+O-3 reaction, potential energy surfaces were calculated for reactions of high lying electronic states of O-2(A (3)Sigma(u)(+) and A(') (3)Delta(u)) with atomic hydrogen H(S-2) to produce the ground state products OH((2)Pi)+O(P-3). From collinear two-dimensional scans, several adiabatic and nonadiabatic pathways have been identified. Multiconfigurational single and double excitation configuration interaction calculations show that the adiabatic pathways on a (4)Delta potential surface from O-2(A(') (3)Delta)+H and a (4)Sigma(+) potential surface from O-2(A (3)Sigma(u)(+))+H are the most favorable, with the zero-point corrected barrier heights of as low as 0.191 and 0.182 eV, respectively, and the reactions are fast. The transition states for these pathways are collinear and early, and the reaction coordinate suggests that the potential energy release of ca. 3.8 eV (larger than the energy required to excite OH to v=10) is likely to favor high vibrational excitation. C1 Emory Univ, Cherry L Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate VSBYB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Emory Univ, Cherry L Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM morokuma@emory.edu NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 8 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 10 AR 104315 DI 10.1063/1.1862233 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 915GZ UT WOS:000228287500025 PM 15836323 ER PT J AU Park, SY Moon, SC Dang, TD Venkatasubramanian, N Lee, JW Farmer, BL AF Park, SY Moon, SC Dang, TD Venkatasubramanian, N Lee, JW Farmer, BL TI Crystal structure of poly(1,5-naphthalenebenzobisthiazole) SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID RIGID-ROD POLYMERS; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL CALCULATIONS; NEUTRON STRUCTURE-ANALYSIS; PARA-AROMATIC POLYMERS; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; RODLIKE POLYMERS; MAIN CHAIN; POLY(PARA-PHENYLENEBENZOBISOXAZOLE); DISORDER; SIMULATION AB The rigid-rod polymer poly(1,5-naphthalenebenzobisthiazole) (Naph-1,5-PBT) was synthesized and spun into fibers from the lyotropic mesophase of the polymer in polyphosphoric acid by a dry-jet wet spinning method. The crystal structure of naph-1,5-PBT fibers was investigated using X-ray diffraction and molecular modeling methods. The 19 reflections, resolved from the X-ray pattern of the annealed Naph-1,5-PBT fiber, indicate that Naph-1,5-PBT has a perfect crystal structure without axial disorder, unlike other rigid-rod polymers such as poly(p-phenylenebenzobisthiazole) (PBT) and poly(p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole) (PBO). The observed reflections can be indexed with the triclinic unit cell parameters of a = 7.31 Angstrom, b = 3.68 Angstrom, c 12.68 Angstrom, and beta = 115.1degrees with the space group of PI, which one monomeric unit is. The torsion angle phi = 138degrees, at which the naphthalene unit is rotated toward the heterocyclic nitrogen atom, is derived from ab initio energy calculations as well as from the LALS refinement. The LALS refinement shows that the naphthalene ring is rotated by 4.4 +/- 4.6degrees from the ac plane on the projection along the c axis, and the chains are staggered side-by-side by c/4 in a regular way in the ac plane. The kinked structure, arising due to the naphthalene unit, as well as the twist structure introduced by the steric interaction between the naphthalene and heterocyclic rings, prevents axial disorders in the crystal which are usually observed in the rigid-rod polymers. C1 Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Polymer Sci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. AFRL, MLBP, Mat & Mfg Technol Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Syscom Technol Inc, Hilliard, OH 43026 USA. RP Park, SY (reprint author), Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Polymer Sci, 1370 Sankyukdong, Taegu 702701, South Korea. EM psy@knu.ac.kr NR 34 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 8 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1711 EP 1716 DI 10.1021/ma047967y PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 903TJ UT WOS:000227448200029 ER PT J AU Park, SY Cho, YH Vaia, RA AF Park, SY Cho, YH Vaia, RA TI Three-dimensional structure of the zone-drawn film of the nylon-6/layered silicate nanocomposites SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID NYLON 6-CLAY HYBRID; POLYAMIDE 6/MONTMORILLONITE NANOCOMPOSITES; SYNDIOTACTIC POLYSTYRENE NANOCOMPOSITES; UNUSUAL CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR; RAY-SCATTERING TECHNIQUES; CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MELT-INTERCALATION; GAMMA-FORM; CRYSTAL AB Semicrystalline polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites exhibit a unique three-dimensional structure associated with the high-aspect ratio constituents (layered silicates and polymer crystallites), which is sensitive to shear and deformation history. Beginning from quenched biaxially extruded films of nylon-6/montmorillonite nanocomposites, the impact of elevated temperature uniaxial drawing on the orientation of the layered silicate and crystallites, crystalline polymorphism, and layered silicate buckling was studied using X-ray and transmission electron microcopy. The quenched biaxially protruded films exhibited a uniplanar crystalline texture with the b-axis of the dominate gamma-form oriented toward the normal to the film surface and the surface of the layered silicate oriented parallel to the film surface. Small-angle scattering features suggest that the lamellar of the gamma-form is within the proximity of the layered silicate and has a fringed micelle structure. Upon uniaxial drawing, alpha-crystallites developed with a lamellar regularity of similar to15 nm along the draw direction, comparable to previous studies on pure nylon-6 fibers. The newly formed alpha-form exhibited a uniaxial texture with the b-axis parallel to the draw direction. This suggests that the a.-form crystallized during the drawing of the film and does not have an orientation correlation with the layered silicate. Finally, the layered silicate within the zone-drawn film buckled perpendicular to the draw direction, analogous to failure of a uniaxially strained sheet of paper. The failure mode appears to occur for a collection of parallel alummosilicate layers (2-4) and not individually. Recognition of the structural changes of the layered silicate and crystalline regions in response to uniaxial deformation of planar oriented films is critical to ascertaining the local transport properties of shaped layered silicate nanocomposite parts. C1 Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Polymer Sci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Park, SY (reprint author), Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Polymer Sci, 1370 Sangyukdong, Taegu 702701, South Korea. EM psy@knu.ac.kr NR 51 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 8 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1729 EP 1735 DI 10.1021/ma048258n PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 903TJ UT WOS:000227448200032 ER PT J AU Guha, S Gillen, GD AF Guha, S Gillen, GD TI Description of light propagation through a circular aperture using nonparaxial vector diffraction theory SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; GAUSSIAN BEAMS; FIELD AB Using nonparaxial vector diffraction theory derived using the Hertz vector formalism, integral expressions for the electric and magnetic field components of light within and beyond an apertured plane are obtained for an incident plane wave. For linearly polarized light incident on a circular aperture, the integrals for the field components and for the Poynting vector are numerically evaluated. By further two-dimensional integration of a Poynting vector component, the total transmission of a circular aperture is determined as a function of the aperture radius to wavelength ratio. The validity of using Kirchhoff boundary conditions in the aperture plane is also examined in detail. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Anteon Corp, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Guha, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shekhar.guha@wpafb.af.mil; ggillen@anteon.com NR 18 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 13 IS 5 BP 1424 EP 1447 DI 10.1364/OPEX.13.001424 PG 24 WC Optics SC Optics GA 904HW UT WOS:000227487700010 PM 19495019 ER PT J AU Woitaske, M Vivekananda, J Fritz, JM Kiel, JL AF Woitaske, M Vivekananda, J Fritz, JM Kiel, JL TI Anthrax toxin initiates pathways for iNOS and COX-2 expression in murine macrophages SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 Conceptual MindWorks Inc, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Res Lab, HEPC, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A309 EP A309 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610702144 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, E Kulkarni, H Bolivar, H Mangano, A Sanchez, R Catano, G Nibbs, RJ Freedman, BI Quinones, MP Bamshad, MJ Murthy, KK Rovin, BH Bradley, W Clark, RA Anderson, SA O'Connell, RJ Agan, BK Ahuja, SS Bologna, R Sen, L Dolan, MJ Ahuja, SK AF Gonzalez, E Kulkarni, H Bolivar, H Mangano, A Sanchez, R Catano, G Nibbs, RJ Freedman, BI Quinones, MP Bamshad, MJ Murthy, KK Rovin, BH Bradley, W Clark, RA Anderson, SA O'Connell, RJ Agan, BK Ahuja, SS Bologna, R Sen, L Dolan, MJ Ahuja, SK TI The influence of CCL3L1 gene-containing segmental duplications on HIV-1/AIDS susceptibility SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; BETA-CHEMOKINES; IN-VITRO; MACROPHAGE; INFECTION; CCR5; LYMPHOCYTES; PROTECTION; EVOLUTION AB Segmental duplications in the human genome are selectively enriched for genes involved in immunity, although the phenotypic consequences for host defense are unknown. We show that there are significant interindividual and interpopulation differences in the copy number of a segmental duplication encompassing the gene encoding CCL3L1 (MIP-1alphaP), a potent human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-suppressive chemokine and ligand for the HIV coreceptor CCR5. Possession of a CCL3L1 copy number lower than the population average is associated with markedly enhanced HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) susceptibility. This susceptibility is even greater in individuals who also possess disease-accelerating CCR5 genotypes. This relationship between CCL3L1 dose and altered HIV/AIDS susceptibility points to a central role for CCL3L1 in HIV/AIDS pathogenesis and indicates that differences in the dose of immune response genes may constitute a genetic basis for variable responses to infectious diseases. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Vet Adm Res Ctr AIDS & HIV1 Infect, S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Lab Biol Celular & Retrovirus, RA-1245 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Hosp Pediat JP Garrahan, Serv Infectol, RA-1245 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Cancer Res UK Beatson Labs, Glasgow G61 1BD, Lanark, Scotland. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Human Genet, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Pediat, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. SW Fdn Biomed Res, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA. Ohio State Univ, Div Nephrol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Tri Serv AIDS Clin Consortium, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Def Inst Med Operat, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Ahuja, SK (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Vet Adm Res Ctr AIDS & HIV1 Infect, S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM matthew.dolan@brooks.af.mil; ahujas@uthscsa.edu OI Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669; Nibbs, Robert/0000-0002-8150-0044 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI043279, AI046326]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH069270] NR 21 TC 778 Z9 827 U1 6 U2 41 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 307 IS 5714 BP 1434 EP 1440 DI 10.1126/science.1101160 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 904MT UT WOS:000227503100037 PM 15637236 ER PT J AU Parker, DR Gustafson, SC Ross, TD AF Parker, DR Gustafson, SC Ross, TD TI Bayesian confidence intervals for ROC curves SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTIONS AB The probability density of correct detection probability for any false alarm probability on a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is obtained using Bayesian methods. Simulations demonstrate that this density provides rigorous and practical methods for obtaining ROC curve confidence intervals. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Parker, DR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.parker@afit.edu NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD MAR 3 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 5 BP 279 EP 280 DI 10.1049/el:20047523 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 910CB UT WOS:000227905900040 ER PT J AU Jha, SK Larsen, JM Rosenberger, AH AF Jha, SK Larsen, JM Rosenberger, AH TI The role of competing mechanisms in the fatigue life variability of a nearly fully-lamellar gamma-TiAl based alloy SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE gamma-TiAl; fatigue; life variability; life prediction; dual mechanisms ID LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE; CRACK GROWTH-BEHAVIOR; TITANIUM ALUMINIDES; FRACTURE-BEHAVIOR; PST CRYSTALS; DEFORMATION; CAST; ORIENTATION; TENSILE AB The influence of competing mechanisms on the fatigue life behavior of a gamma-TiAl based alloy was studied at room temperature and 600 degreesC. The alloy exhibited almost flat stress-life (S-N) behavior at both temperatures. This type of behavior was found to result from variability in life due to a probabilistic selection between two mechanisms, viz. failure by surface crack nucleation and that by subsurface crack nucleation. It is suggested that the S-N behavior of the alloy is actually composed of dual curves, over the same range of stresses, corresponding to each mechanism. This improved description of the S-N behavior (in terms of dual curves) of the alloy led to a significant reduction in the apparent uncertainty in life. (C) 2004 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Universal Technol Corp, Behav & Life Predict, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jha, SK (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, Behav & Life Predict, 1270 N Fairfield Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM sushantjha@hotmail.com NR 42 TC 35 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1293 EP 1304 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.11.022 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 901EF UT WOS:000227265100004 ER PT J AU Hartley, CS Mishin, Y AF Hartley, CS Mishin, Y TI Characterization and visualization of the lattice misfit associated with dislocation cores SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE dislocation structure; simulation; modeling ID ANISOTROPIC ELASTICITY; METALS AB Atomic misfit associated with a crystal dislocation is manifested by displacements of atoms from their positions in the perfect lattice. The discrete character of the crystal lattice and the nature of interatomic bonds distribute this misfit over the plane normal to the dislocation line. The Nye tensor, which describes the distribution of the resultant Burgers vector across a plane normal to the dislocation line, provides an excellent means of describing the spatial variation of the misfit. Relevant components of the Nye tensor are calculated from atomic positions in the dislocated crystal, represented by contour plots, and contrasted with the corresponding quantities obtained from a local continuum model. The comparison demonstrates that spatial distributions of components of the Nye tensor provide an accurate and instructive means of representing dislocation core structures. A numerical integration of these distributions permits an accurate calculation of the Burgers vector without constructing a Burgers circuit. (C) 2004 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, Directorate Aerosp & Mat Sci, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Hartley, CS (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, Directorate Aerosp & Mat Sci, 4015 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM craig.hartley@afosr.af.mil RI Mishin, Yuri/P-2020-2015 NR 27 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1313 EP 1321 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.11.027 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 901EF UT WOS:000227265100006 ER PT J AU Ketsdever, AD Clabough, MT Gimelshein, SF Alexeenko, A AF Ketsdever, AD Clabough, MT Gimelshein, SF Alexeenko, A TI Experimental and numerical determination of micropropulsion device efficiencies at low Reynolds numbers SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION MONTE-CARLO; FLOW; CALIBRATION; NOZZLES; MODEL AB The need for low-thrust propulsion systems for maneuvers on micro- and nanospacecraft is growing. Low-thrust characteristics generally lead to low-Reynolds-number flows from propulsive devices that utilize nozzle expansions. Low-Reynolds-number flows of helium and nitrogen through a small conical nozzle and a thin-walled orifice have been investigated both numerically, using the direct simulation Monte Carlo technique, and experimentally, using a nano-Newton thrust stand. For throat Reynolds number less than 100, the nozzle-to-orifice thrust ratio is less than unity; however, the corresponding ratio of specific impulse remains greater than one for the Reynolds number range from 0.02 to 200. Once the direct simulation Monte Carlo model results were verified using experimental thrust and mass flow data, the model was used to investigate the effects of geometrical variations on the conical nozzle's performance. At low Reynolds numbers, improvements to the specific impulse on the order of 4-8% were achieved through a combination of decreasing the nozzle length and increasing the nozzle expansion angle relative to the nominal experimental geometry. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Ketsdever, AD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM andrew.ketsdever@usafa.af.mil; girnelshe@usc.edu; alexeenk@usc.edu RI Alexeenko, Alina/B-7168-2011 NR 21 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 3 BP 633 EP 641 DI 10.2514/1.10284 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 905LC UT WOS:000227568600022 ER PT J AU Nguyen, SA Napoli, DC AF Nguyen, SA Napoli, DC TI Natural history of large local and generalized cutaneous reactions to imported fire ant stings in children SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYMENOPTERA STINGS; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; ALLERGY; HYPERSENSITIVITY AB Background: There are no published data on the natural history of large local and generalized cutaneous reactions to imported fire ant (IFA) stings in children. Objective: To determine the natural history of large local and generalized cutaneous reactions to IFA stings in children not treated with immunotherapy by reviewing medical records from a venom clinic during the past 20 years. Methods: Patients were selected for the study if they were 16 years or younger at the time of the reaction, had only cutaneous symptoms (generalized cutaneous or large local), and did not initiate immunotherapy. Each patient's parents were asked to recall whether the patient had experienced any further stings since the last evaluation at the venom clinic. Results: We contacted 31 of 57 patients evaluated between July 10, 1984, and February 5, 2004. Twenty patients (65%) reported that they had not developed more severe reactions with subsequent stings. Reactions remained cutaneous only. Eleven patients (35%) had not been stung again since the original evaluation. Five of these patients had moved out of the IFA-endemic region. None of the previously evaluated patients reported subsequent life-threatening anaphylaxis from IFA stings. Conclusions: These limited data on IFA stings suggest a benign outcome in children 16 years and younger with large local or generalized cutaneous reactions. Larger and more extensive studies need to be conducted to further define the natural history of cutaneous reactions to IFA stings in children. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Nguyen, SA (reprint author), 4604 Pinehaven Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. EM steven.nguyen@keesler.af.mil NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 94 IS 3 BP 387 EP 390 PG 4 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 909WU UT WOS:000227892200013 PM 15801251 ER PT J AU Bedding, TR Kjeldsen, H Bouchy, F Bruntt, H Butler, RP Buzasi, DL Christensen-Dalsgaard, J Frandsen, S Lebrun, JC Martic, M Schou, J AF Bedding, TR Kjeldsen, H Bouchy, F Bruntt, H Butler, RP Buzasi, DL Christensen-Dalsgaard, J Frandsen, S Lebrun, JC Martic, M Schou, J TI The non-detection of oscillations in Procyon by MOST: Is it really a surprise? SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : oscillations; stars : individual : Procyon; Sun : oscillations ID SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS; P-MODE OSCILLATIONS; STOCHASTICALLY EXCITED OSCILLATIONS; ALPHA-CENTAURI-A; STARS; ASTEROSEISMOLOGY; PHOTOMETRY; VELOCITY; CEN; SUN AB We argue that the non-detection of oscillations in Procyon by the MOST satellite reported by Matthews et al. ( 2004) is fully consistent with published ground-based velocity observations of this star. We also examine the claims that the MOST observations represent the best photometric precision so far reported in the literature by about an order of magnitude and are the most sensitive data set for asteroseismology available for any star other than the Sun. These statements are not correct, with the most notable exceptions being observations of oscillations in a Cen A that are far superior. We further disagree that the hump of excess power seen repeatedly from velocity observations of Procyon can be explained as an artefact caused by gaps in the data. The MOST observations failed to reveal oscillations clearly because their noise level is too high, possibly from scattered Earthlight in the instrument. We did find an excess of strong peaks in the MOST amplitude spectrum that is inconsistent with a simple noise source such as granulation, and may perhaps indicate oscillations at roughly the expected level. C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13376 Marseille 12, France. USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-91371 Verrieres Le Buisson, France. Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Bedding, TR (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM bedding@physics.usyd.edu.au RI Butler, Robert/B-1125-2009; OI Bedding, Timothy/0000-0001-5943-1460; Bedding, Tim/0000-0001-5222-4661 NR 40 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 432 IS 2 BP L43 EP L48 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200500019 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 904JS UT WOS:000227494200005 ER PT J AU Baillargeon, J Pollock, BH Kristal, AR Bradshaw, P Hernandez, J Basler, J Higgins, B Lynch, S Rozanski, T Troyer, D Thompson, I AF Baillargeon, J Pollock, BH Kristal, AR Bradshaw, P Hernandez, J Basler, J Higgins, B Lynch, S Rozanski, T Troyer, D Thompson, I TI The association of body mass index and prostate-specific antigen in a population-based study SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE prostate carcinoma; body mass index; cancer risk; prostate-specific antigen ID RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; PATHOLOGICAL VARIABLES; UNITED-STATES; CANCER RISK; MEN; OBESITY; ANTHROPOMETRY; BLACKS; WHITES; COHORT AB BACKGROUND. Recent studies of men with prostate carcinoma suggest that obesity may be associated with more advanced-stage disease and lower overall Survival rates. One possible link between body mass index (BMI) and prostate carcinoma prognosis may be disease ascertainment. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is widely used to screen for prostate carcinoma. METHODS. The authors examined the association between BMI and PSA in a population-based study of 2779 men without prostate carcinoma. Between 2001 and 2004, these men were enrolled in a study sponsored by the San Antonio Center of Biomarkers of Risk, a clinical and epidemiologic center of the Early Detection Research Network of the National Cancer Institute. RESULTS. The mean PSA value decreased in a linear fashion with all increase in BMI category, from 1.01 ng/mL in normal weight men to 0.69 ng/mL in obese (Class III) men, after adjusting for race/ethnicity and age. CONCLUSIONS. Lower levels of PSA in obese and overweight men Could mask biologically consequential prostate carcinoma. (C) 2005 American Cancer Society. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Canc Prevent Res Program, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. RP Baillargeon, J (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. EM baillargeon@uthscsa.edu OI Kristal, Alan/0000-0002-7329-1617 FU NCI NIH HHS [U01 CA86402] NR 18 TC 142 Z9 150 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0008-543X EI 1097-0142 J9 CANCER-AM CANCER SOC JI Cancer PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1092 EP 1095 DI 10.1002/cncr.20856 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 898ZH UT WOS:000227114200027 PM 15668913 ER PT J AU Padgett, CW Walsh, RD Drake, GW Hanks, TW Pennington, WT AF Padgett, CW Walsh, RD Drake, GW Hanks, TW Pennington, WT TI New conformations and binding modes in halogen-bonded and ionic complexes of 2,3,5,6-tetra(2'-pyridyl)yoyrazine SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-TRANSFER COMPLEXES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; POLYIODIDE SALTS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; ORGANIC IODIDES; PROTON SPONGES; IODINE; TETRA(2-PYRIDYL)PYRAZINE; HETEROCYCLES; BASICITIES AB The enormous potential of 2,3,5,6-tetra(2'-pyridyl)pyrazine (tppz) as a versatile multisite component for the design and construction of complex structures is demonstrated by the preparation of several new complexes that possess previously unobserved binding modes and conformations. tppz forms halogen-bonded complexes with diiodine and organoiodides and forms ionic compounds in which tppz is either di- or tetraprotonated. We have prepared two new halogen-bonded complexes of tppz with diiodine and with tetraiodoethylene (TIE). Both possess extended chain structures of alternating donors and acceptors, with the tppz donors in the diiodine complex linked by two neutral -I(2)center dot I(2)center dot I-2- chains. Two new polyiodide complexes of tppz have also been prepared, one of which has di- and the other tetraprotonated cations. A bromide salt of the tetraprotonated tppz cation has also been prepared and found to be isomorphous with the known chloride salt. In the diiodine complex, tppz center dot 6I(2), the conformation of tppz is similar to that found in the metastable, tetragonal polymorph of the free donor, and obeying Ostwald's rule of stages, decomposes through solid-state loss Of 12 to give exclusively this polymorph. In the TIE complex, tppz center dot TIE, has a previously unreported conformation, but decomposes to the thermodynamically stable monoclinic polymorph upon loss of TIE. The diprotonated cation, [tppz(H)(2)](2+), which forms two intramolecular N-H center dot center dot center dot N hydrogen bonds and crystallizes with (I(2)center dot I-3)(-) anions, has a twisted conformation as opposed to the bowed conformation found for this cation with tetraphenylborate counterions. Tetraprotonated tppz hydrogen bonds to two iodide anions to form [tppz(H2I)(2)](2+) cations, similar to the bromide and chloride salts, but with triiodide anions rather than hydrated halides as in the lighter derivatives. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Furman Univ, Dept Chem, Greenville, SC 29613 USA. RP Pennington, WT (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. EM Billp@Clemson.edu NR 39 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 5 IS 2 BP 745 EP 753 DI 10.1021/cg049730z PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 903GW UT WOS:000227414900051 ER PT J AU Sabelkin, V Martinez, SA Mall, S Sathish, S Blodgett, MP AF Sabelkin, V Martinez, SA Mall, S Sathish, S Blodgett, MP TI Effects of shot-peening intensity on fretting fatigue crack-initiation behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE fretting fatigue; MSSR parameter; residual stress; shot-peening; titanium alloy ID STEEL; STRENGTH AB The effects of shot-peening intensity on fretting fatigue crack-initiation behaviour of titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V, were investigated. Three intensities, 4A, 7Aand 10A with 100% surface coverage, were employed. The contact geometry involved a cylinder-on-flat configuration. Residual stress and improvement in fretting fatigue life were directly related to shot-peening intensity The magnitude of compensatory tensile stress and its location away from the contact surface increased with increasing intensity. The relaxation of residual stress occurred during fretting fatigue which increased with increasing the number of cycles. An analysis using a critical plane-based fatigue crack-initiation model showed that stress relaxation during the fretting fatigue affects life and location of crack initiation. Greater relaxation of the residual stress caused greater reduction of fatigue life and shifted the location of crack initiation from inside towards the contact surface. Modified shear stress range (MSSR) parameter was able to predict fretting fatigue crack-initiation location, which agreed with the experimental counterparts. Also, the computed parameter showed an appropriate trend with the experimental observations of the measured fretting fatigue life based on the shot-peening intensity. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shankar.mall@afit.edu NR 30 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 8756-758X J9 FATIGUE FRACT ENG M JI Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 28 IS 3 BP 321 EP 332 DI 10.1111/j.1460-2695.2005.00871.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 902UT UT WOS:000227382900006 ER PT J AU Eberts, SM Jones, SA Braun, CL Harvey, GJ AF Eberts, SM Jones, SA Braun, CL Harvey, GJ TI Long-term changes in ground water chemistry at a phytoremediation demonstration site SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINANTS AB A field-scale demonstration project was conducted to evaluate the capability of eastern cottonwood trees (Populus deltoides) to attenuate trichloroethene (TCE) contamination of ground water. By the middle of the sixth growing season, trees planted where depth to water was < 3 m delivered enough dissolved organic carbon to the underlying aquifer to lower dissolved oxygen concentrations, to create iron-reducing conditions along the plume centerline and sulfate-reducing or methanogenic conditions in localized areas, and to initiate in situ reductive dechlorination of TCE. Apparent biodegradation rate constants for TCE along the centerline of the plume beneath the phytoremediation system increased from 0.0002/d to 0.02/d during the first six growing seasons. The corresponding increase in natural attenuation capacity of the aquifer along the plume centerline, from 0.0004/m to 0.0241m, is associated with a potential decrease in plume-stabilization distance from 9680 to 160 m. Demonstration results provide insight into the amount of vegetation and time that may be needed to achieve cleanup objectives at the field scale. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. US Geol Survey, Nocross, GA 30092 USA. US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. USAF, Aeronaut Syst Ctr, Environm Safety & Hlth Div, Engn Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eberts, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6480 Doubletree Ave, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. EM smeberts@usgs.gov; Gregory.Harvey@wpafb.af.mil OI Eberts, Sandra/0000-0001-5138-8293 NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 2 BP 178 EP 186 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0018.x PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 908ZI UT WOS:000227828300006 PM 15819939 ER PT J AU Simpson, BD Bolia, RS McKinley, RL Brungart, DS AF Simpson, BD Bolia, RS McKinley, RL Brungart, DS TI The impact of hearing protection on sound localization and orienting behavior SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID SPEECH-INTELLIGIBILITY; AUDITORY LOCALIZATION; PLANE; IMPAIRMENT; EARPLUGS; ABILITY AB The effect of hearing protection devices (HPDs) on sound localization was examined in the context of an auditory-cued visual search task. Participants were required to locate and identify a visual target in a field of 5, 20, or 50 visual distractors randomly distributed on the interior surface of a sphere. Four HPD conditions were examined: earplugs, earmuffs, both earplugs and earmuffs simultaneously (double hearing protection), and no hearing protection. In addition, there was a control condition in which no auditory cue was provided. A repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant main effects of HPD for both search time and head motion data (p < .05), indicating that the degree to which localization is disrupted by HPDs varies with the type of device worn. When both earplugs and earmuffs are worn simultaneously, search times and head motion are more similar to those found when no auditory cue is provided than when either earplugs or earmuffs alone are worn, suggesting that sound localization cues are so severely disrupted by double hearing protection the listener can recover little or no information regarding the direction of sound source origin. Potential applications of this research include high-noise military, aerospace, and industrial settings in which HPDs are necessary but wearing double protection may compromise safety and/or performance. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HECB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Simpson, BD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HECB, 2610 7th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM brian.simpson@wpafb.af.mil NR 29 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD SPR PY 2005 VL 47 IS 1 BP 188 EP 198 DI 10.1518/0018720053653866 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 922BS UT WOS:000228811300015 PM 15960096 ER PT J AU Scott, R Roth, EM Deutsch, SE Malchiodi, E Kazmierczak, TE Eggleston, RG Kuper, SR Whitaker, RD AF Scott, R Roth, EM Deutsch, SE Malchiodi, E Kazmierczak, TE Eggleston, RG Kuper, SR Whitaker, RD TI Work-centered support systems: A human-centered approach to intelligent system design SO IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Article C1 BBN Technol, Intelligent Distributed Comp Dept, Eden Prairie, MN 55347 USA. Roth Cognit Eng, Brookline, MA 02445 USA. BBN Technol, Human Ctr Syst Grp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. BBN Syst & Technol, Global Air Mobil Adv Technol Res Program, Ofallon, IL 62269 USA. USAF, Res Lab, HECS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, HECS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Northrop Grumman Informat Technol, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. RP Scott, R (reprint author), BBN Technol, Intelligent Distributed Comp Dept, 8778 Danton Way, Eden Prairie, MN 55347 USA. EM rscott@bbn.com; emroth@mindspring.com; sdeutsch@bbn.com; emalchiodi@bbn.com; tkazmier@bbn.com; robert.eggleston@wpafb.af.mil; samuel.kuper@wpafb.af.mil; enolagaia@aol.com NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1094-7167 J9 IEEE INTELL SYST JI IEEE Intell. Syst. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 20 IS 2 BP 73 EP 81 DI 10.1109/MIS.2005.37 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 909DI UT WOS:000227839300013 ER PT J AU Best, SR AF Best, SR TI Low Q electrically small linear and elliptical polarized spherical dipole antennas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE dipole antennas; electrically small antennas; helical antennas; Q factor AB Electrically small antennas are generally presumed to exhibit high impedance mismatch (high VSWR), low efficiency, high quality factor (Q); and, therefore, narrow operating bandwidth. For an electric or magnetic dipole antenna, there is a fundamental lower bound for the quality factor that is determined as a function of the antenna's occupied physical volume. In this paper, the quality factor of a resonant, electrically small electric dipole is minimized by allowing the antenna geometry to utilize the occupied spherical volume to the greatest extent possible. A self-resonant, electrically small electric dipole antenna is presented that exhibits an impedance near 50 Ohms, an efficiency in excess of 95% and a quality factor that is within 1.5 times the fundamental lower bound at a value of ka less than 0.27. Through an arrangement of the antenna's wire geometry, the electrically small dipole's polarization is converted from linear to elliptical (with an axial ratio of 3 dB), resulting in a further reduction in the quality factor. The elliptically polarized, electrically small antenna exhibits an impedance near 50 Ohms, an efficiency in excess of 95% and it has an omnidirectional, figure-eight radiation pattern. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHA, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Best, SR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHA, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM steven.best@comcast.net NR 11 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1047 EP 1053 DI 10.1109/TAP.2004.842600 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 904OZ UT WOS:000227508900019 ER PT J AU Eismann, MT Hardie, RC AF Eismann, MT Hardie, RC TI Hyperspectral resolution enhancement using high-resolution multispectral imagery with arbitrary response functions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on Advances in Techniques for Analysis of Remotely Sensed Data held in Honor of David A Landgrebe CY OCT 27-28, 2003 CL NASA Goddard Space Flight Visitor Ctr, Greenbelt, MD SP IEEE HO NASA Goddard Space Flight Visitor Ctr DE conjugate direction method; gradient search optimization; hyperspectral; maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation; resolution enhancement; stochastic mixing model (SMM) ID MIXING MODELS; FUSION; HYPERION AB A maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation method for improving the spatial resolution of a hyperspectral image using a higher resolution auxiliary image is extended to address several practical remote sensing situations. These include cases where: 1) the spectral response of the auxiliary image is unknown and does not match that of the hyperspectral image; 2) the auxiliary image is multispectral; and 3) the spatial point spread function for the hyperspectral sensor is arbitrary and extends beyond the span of the detector elements. The research presented follows a previously reported MAP approach that makes use of a stochastic mixing model (SMM) of the underlying spectral scene content to achieve resolution enhancement beyond the intensity component of the hyperspectral image. The mathematical formulation of a generalized form of the MAP/SMM estimate is described, and the enhancement algorithm is demonstrated using various image datasets. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. RP Eismann, MT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.eismann@wpafb.af.mil; rhardie@udayton.edu NR 32 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 3 BP 455 EP 465 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2004.837324 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 899FJ UT WOS:000227130000006 ER PT J AU Adler, ED Calcatera, MC Luy, JF Palmer, WD Purdy, DS AF Adler, ED Calcatera, MC Luy, JF Palmer, WD Purdy, DS TI Special issue on multifunctional RF systems - Guest editorial SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Res Lab, Millimeter Wave Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. DaimlerChrysler Res Ctr, Inline Inspect Dept, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. USA, Res Off, Engn Sci Directorate, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US Off Naval Res, Div Elect, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Adler, ED (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Millimeter Wave Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Palmer, William/E-2296-2012 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1005 EP 1008 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2005.843470 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 904GX UT WOS:000227485200001 ER PT J AU Zhang, HB Fan, HH Lindsey, AR AF Zhang, HB Fan, HH Lindsey, AR TI Receiver design for wavelet-based multicarrier CDMA communications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE code-division multiple access (CDMA); detection; multicarrier; wavelet ID MULTITONE MODULATION; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS; CHANNEL AB Wavelet packets have good properties such as orthogonality and multirate flexibility, and have resulted in a number of works for its applications to code-division multiple-access (CDMA) communications. In this paper we investigate the use of a special set of the wavelet packets, i.e., the waveforms formed from a full binary wavelet packet tree, in multicarrier CDMA systems. In the conventional multicarrier CDMA systems, a simple frequency-domain combining receiver is commonly used to achieve frequency diversity. To combat multipath channel effects, guard intervals are inserted between consecutive symbols. On the other hand, wavelet packets have the property of localization in both time and frequency domains. A novel receiver design utilizing this property to achieve both frequency and time diversity is proposed and evaluated in this paper. This receiver eliminates the need for guard intervals. Simulations are given to support the system and receiver design. This analysis can be extended to the more general wavelet packet basis waveform sets. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. GIRD Syst Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. USAF, Res Lab, IFGC, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Zhang, HB (reprint author), T Syst Inc, Reston, VA USA. EM zhangh@ieee.org; h.fan@uc.edu; alindsey@australinc.com NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9545 J9 IEEE T VEH TECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 54 IS 2 BP 615 EP 628 DI 10.1109/TVT.2004.841538 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA 908ZU UT WOS:000227829500019 ER PT J AU Allakhverdiev, K Goldstein, J Fernelius, N Huseinova, D Salaev, E Turker, A AF Allakhverdiev, K Goldstein, J Fernelius, N Huseinova, D Salaev, E Turker, A TI Low-temperature midinfrared absorption in GaSe SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES LA English DT Article DE absorption spectra; phonons; Gallium selenide; nonlinear crystal; layered semiconductor ID LATTICE-VIBRATIONS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ANISOTROPY AB We report the measurement of the temperature dependence of the absorption spectra of epsilon- GaSe over the temperature range 300 K to 5 K. Measurements have been made for both the e-ray (polarized parallel to the crystal's c-axis) and the o-ray (polarized perpendicular to the c-axis), over the spectral range 4000 to 10 cm(-1). Nine absorption lines at 417, 440, 499, 546, 891, 945, 1015, 1093, 1270 cm(-1) were recorded at 300 K for the e- ray spectra. Some of these lines were identified using the results of a modified single layer, linear chain model of GaSe. The lines at 417, 440 and 499 cm(-1) were assigned to local impurity absorption originating from N, Mg and O, respectively. The weak lines at 945, 1015 and 1093 cm(-1) were assigned to hole transitions from the acceptor levels to the top of the valence band. Two absorption lines at 891 cm(-1) and 1270 cm(-1) were assigned to hole transitions from the quasi-local acceptor levels to the double degenerate valence sub-bands Gamma(5) or Gamma(6). The origin of lines recorded in the far IR absorption spectra at 20, 37 cm(-1) and 362 cm(-1) were also identified. C1 TUBITAK, Marmara Res Ctr, Mat Inst, TR-41470 Gebze, Turkey. USAF, Res Lab, MLPSO, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Azerbaijan Natl Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Baku 370143, Azerbaijan. RP Allakhverdiev, K (reprint author), TUBITAK, Marmara Res Ctr, Mat Inst, PK 21, TR-41470 Gebze, Turkey. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-9271 J9 INT J INFRARED MILLI JI Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves PD MAR PY 2005 VL 26 IS 3 BP 457 EP 466 DI 10.1007/s1007/s10762-005-3444-8 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 905YU UT WOS:000227608500009 ER PT J AU Tansel, IN Bao, WY Reen, NS Kropas-Hughes, CV AF Tansel, IN Bao, WY Reen, NS Kropas-Hughes, CV TI Genetic tool monitor (GTM) for micro-end-milling operations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE TOOLS & MANUFACTURE LA English DT Article DE genetic algorithms; manufacturing applications; process monitoring; end-milling; micro machining ID OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHMS; MODEL; WEAR AB Almost all existing tool condition monitoring methods require either the critical parameters of models which are, experimentally found or the self-learning algorithms that are trained with existing data. Genetic Tool Monitor (GTM) is proposed to identify the problems by using an analytical model for micro-end-milling operations and genetic algorithm. The current version of the GTM is capable to monitor the microend-milling operations without any previous experience and is able to estimate symmetrical wear and local damage's at the cutting edges of a tool. Genetic algorithms (GA) are found as a promising health monitoring tool if an expression exists and the necessary computational time is allowable in that particular application. GTM generates meaningful information about the ongoing operation and allows the establishment of rules based on the operators' experience. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Engn & Appl Sci, Miami, FL 33174 USA. USAF, AFPL, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tansel, IN (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Engn & Appl Sci, 10555 W Flagler St,EAS-3473, Miami, FL 33174 USA. EM tanseli@eng.fiu.edu NR 15 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0890-6955 J9 INT J MACH TOOL MANU JI Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 45 IS 3 BP 293 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2004.08.013 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 890WB UT WOS:000226540700007 ER PT J AU Van Doren, JM Williams, S Midey, AJ Miller, TM Viggiano, AA AF Van Doren, JM Williams, S Midey, AJ Miller, TM Viggiano, AA TI Temperature dependence of the oxide ion/ozone reaction in the gas phase SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE ion-molecule; ozone; kinetics ID TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT; ENERGY; O-4(-); OZONE; PHOTODISSOCIATION; CHEMISTRY AB Rate coefficient and branching fraction data were determined for the gas phase reaction of O- + O-3 over the temperature range 123-500 K using the temperature variable selected ion flow tube technique. The reaction rate coefficient is large and relatively insensitive to temperature; reaction takes place on every collision. In contrast, the product distributions are sensitive to temperature. Charge transfer is the major reactive pathway (greater than or equal to67%) at all temperatures, and its importance increases with increasing temperature. Atom transfer, forming O-2(-) + O-2 constitutes approximately 33% of the products at 123 K. The temperature dependence of the branching fraction explains an apparent discrepancy between product data from room temperature flow tube experiments and low energy beam experiments. A reaction mechanism is proposed to qualitatively explain the product branching fraction temperature dependence. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Coll Holy Cross, Dept Chem, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Van Doren, JM (reprint author), Coll Holy Cross, Dept Chem, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. EM jvandore@holycross.edu NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 241 IS 2-3 BP 185 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2004.12.024 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 898BZ UT WOS:000227052200012 ER PT J AU Fernandez, AI Viggiano, AA Maergoiz, AI Troe, J Ushakov, VG AF Fernandez, AI Viggiano, AA Maergoiz, AI Troe, J Ushakov, VG TI Thermal decomposition of ethylbenzene cations (C8H10+): experiments and modeling of falloff curves SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE thermal decomposition; C8H10+; falloff curves; turbulent ion flow tube ID ION FLOW TUBE; COLLISION RATE CONSTANTS; EVALUATED KINETIC DATA; PHASE SPACE THEORY; UNIMOLECULAR REACTIONS; POLYATOMIC SYSTEMS; SCRAMJET ENGINES; CHARGE-TRANSFER; OFF RANGE; ENERGY AB The kinetics of the pyrolysis of the ethylbenzene cation, C8H10+, has been studied in a turbulent ion flow tube (TIFT) from 623 to 673 K and at pressures from 30 to 250 Torr. The ions were prepared by the charge transfer reaction O-2(+) + C8H10 --> O-2 + C8H10+* followed by collisional stabilization and then by thermal decomposition in a nitrogen buffer gas. The thermal decomposition rate constants increased with temperature from about 15 to 150 s(-1), but did not vary with pressure, indicating the results refer to the high pressure limit. The experimental activation energy, 157.8 kJ mol(-1). is similar to the bond energy value, 168.3 (+/-1.2) kJ mol(-1), needed to model the data. Modeling of the system using a statistical adiabatic channel model/classical trajectory (SACM/CT) approach provided complete falloff curves for the dissociation and recombination of ethylbenzene. Similar modeling is also presented for the previously published data on n-propylbenzene cations. The temperature and pressure dependences of the rate coefficients for dissociation and recombination in the falloff range are represented in analytical form. The chosen format corresponds to that employed in data compilations for the corresponding neutral reaction systems. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Problems Chem Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM albert.viggiano@hanscom.af.mil NR 46 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 241 IS 2-3 BP 305 EP 313 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2004.12.031 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 898BZ UT WOS:000227052200022 ER PT J AU Vittori, JM AF Vittori, JM TI Business aim: Terror - Al Qaida as a multinational enterprise SO INTERNATIONALE POLITIK LA German DT Article C1 Univ Denver, USAF, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Vittori, JM (reprint author), Univ Denver, USAF, Denver, CO 80208 USA. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU W BERTELSMANN VERLAG GMBH & CO KG PI BIELEFELD PA AUF DEM ESCH 4, D-33619 BIELEFELD, GERMANY SN 1430-175X J9 INT POLITIK JI Int. Polit. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 60 IS 3 BP 48 EP 55 PG 8 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 907MN UT WOS:000227722300008 ER PT J AU Millman, DR King, PI Beran, PS AF Millman, DR King, PI Beran, PS TI Airfoil pitch-and-plunge bifurcation behavior with Fourier chaos expansions SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; LIMIT-CYCLE OSCILLATION; MODELING UNCERTAINTY; FLOW AB A stochastic projection method is employed to obtain the probability distribution of pitch angle of an airfoil in pitch and plunge subject to probabilistic uncertainty in both the initial pitch angle and the cubic spring coefficient of the restoring pitch force. Historically, the selected basis for the stochastic projection method has been orthogonal polynomials, referred to as the polynomial chaos. Such polynomials, however, result in unacceptable computational expense for applications involving oscillatory motion, and a new basis, the Fourier chaos, is introduced for computing limit-cycle oscillations. Unlike the polynomial chaos expansions, which cannot predict limit-cycle oscillations, the Fourier chaos expansions predict both subcritical and supercritical responses even with low-order expansions and high-order nonlinearities. Bifurcation diagrams generated with this new approximate method compare well to Monte Carlo simulations. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VASD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Millman, DR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 32 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 42 IS 2 BP 376 EP 384 DI 10.2514/1.5550 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 915FS UT WOS:000228284100010 ER PT J AU Denegri, CM Dubben, JA Maxwell, DL AF Denegri, CM Dubben, JA Maxwell, DL TI In-flight wing deformation characteristics during limit-cycle oscillations SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 44th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference CY APR 07-10, 2003 CL Norfolk, VA SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID PREDICTION; FIGHTER AB Oscillatory wing response data were measured on an F-16C aircraft during limit-cycle-oscillation (LCO) testing of an external store configuration. The configuration tested exhibited typical LCO response in the transonic flight regime. Deformation characteristics were measured at 11 locations on the wing and missile launchers during various LCO events. These measurements allowed viewing of the aeroelastic mode of instability for various flight conditions. Details of a linear flutter analysis model are presented, and the predicted eigenmode from the linear flutter analysis is compared to the in-flight measured mode. The measured LCO modes are also compared for level flight vs elevated load factor flight and subcritical LCO vs critical LCO conditions. At the onset of LCO, the mode shape bears a strong resemblance to the flutter mode predicted by linear flutter analysis. Further, the wing deformation characteristics during LCO vary significantly with respect to Mach number and load factor. The nonsynchronous motion of the LCO diminishes and becomes more synchronous as the Mach number increases beyond 0.90. This contradicts the trends predicted by linear flutter analyses and suggests that a change in the oscillation bounding mechanism occurs over the flight region examined. C1 USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off, Div Engn, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off, Avion Test & Anal Corp, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Denegri, CM (reprint author), USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off, Div Engn, 205 W D Ave,Suite 348, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 42 IS 2 BP 500 EP 508 DI 10.2514/1.1345 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 915FS UT WOS:000228284100025 ER PT J AU Lucia, DJ Beran, PS AF Lucia, DJ Beran, PS TI Aeroelastic system development using proper orthogonal decomposition and Volterra theory SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 44th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference CY APR 07-10, 2003 CL Norfolk, VA SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID FLOWS AB Volterra theory and proper orthogonal decomposition are combined into a hybrid methodology for reduced-order modeling of aeroelastic systems. The outcome of the method is a set of linear ordinary differential equations describing the modal amplitudes associated with both the structural modes and the proper orthogonal decomposition basis functions for the fluid. The structural modes are sine waves of varying frequency, and the new approach is applied to the fluid dynamics equations. The structural modes are treated as forcing terms that are impulsed as part of the fluid model realization. By the use of this approach, structural and fluid operators are coupled into a single aeroelastic operator while the parameter (or parameters) of interest for sensitivity analysis are preserved. The approach is applied to an elastic panel in supersonic crossflow. The resulting aeroelastic model provides correct limit-cycle oscillation prediction over a wide range of panel dynamic pressure values. Time integration of the reduced-order aeroelastic model is four orders of magnitude faster than the high-order solution procedure developed by the use of traditional fluid and structural solvers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VAS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VASD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aeroelast Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Lucia, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VAS, Bldg 45,2130 8th St,Suite 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.lucia@wpafb.af.mil; philip.beran@wpafb.af.mil NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 42 IS 2 BP 509 EP 518 DI 10.2514/1.2176 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 915FS UT WOS:000228284100026 ER PT J AU Case, JL Wheeler, MM Manobianco, J Weems, JW Roeder, WP AF Case, JL Wheeler, MM Manobianco, J Weems, JW Roeder, WP TI A 7-yr climatological study of land breezes over the Florida spaceport SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA-BREEZE; SCALE FLOW; FRONT; CAPE; INITIATION; AREA; SATELLITE; DOPPLER AB Seven years of wind and temperature data from a high-resolution network of 44 towers at the Kennedy Space Center and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station were used to develop an objective method for identifying land breezes, which are defined as seaward-moving wind shift lines in this study. The favored meteorological conditions for land breezes consisted of surface high pressure in the vicinity of the Florida peninsula, mainly clear skies, and light synoptic onshore flow and/or the occurrence of a sea breeze during the afternoon preceding a land breeze. the land breeze characteristics are examined for two events occurring under different weather regimes-one with light synoptic onshore flow and no daytime sea breeze, and another following a daytime sea breeze under a prevailing offshore flow. Land breezes were found to occur over east-central Florida in all months of the year and had varied onset times and circulation depths. Land breezes were most common in the spring and summer months and least common in the winter. The average onset times were similar to 4-5 h after sunset from May to July and similar to 6.5-8 h after sunset from October to January. Land breezes typically moved from the west or southwest during the spring and summer, from the northwest in the autumn, and nearly equally from all directions in the winter. Shallow land breezes (< 150-m depth) were typically not associated with the afternoon sea breeze and behaved like density currents, exhibiting the largest temperature decreases and latest onset times. Deep land breezes (> 150-m depth) were most often preceded by an afternoon sea breeze, had the smallest horizontal temperature gradients, and experienced a mean onset time that is 4 h earlier than that of shallow land breezes. C1 ENSCO Inc, Cocoa Beach, FL 32931 USA. USAF, Patrick Air Force Base, FL USA. RP Case, JL (reprint author), ENSCO Inc, 1980 N Atlantic Ave,Suite 230, Cocoa Beach, FL 32931 USA. EM case.jonathan@ensco.com NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 44 IS 3 BP 340 EP 356 DI 10.1175/JAM-2202.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 915SZ UT WOS:000228332800005 ER PT J AU Della-Rose, DJ AF Della-Rose, DJ TI A graphical interpretation of the electrical conductivity tensor SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ionospheric current; Hall conductivity; Pedersen conductivity; longitudinal conductivity; conductivity tensor AB Electrical conductivity plays a central role in many areas of space science. However, texts and research articles sometimes misquote the conductivity tensor. This highlights the need for authors and researchers to verify the accuracy of this tensor for their chosen coordinate system. This paper presents a new graphical method to analyze the correctness of the conductivity tensor, applicable to any coordinate system. This method also illuminates the physical meaning of the terms in the conductivity tensor, which is often obscured by standard mathematical derivations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Della-Rose, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM devin.della-rose@afit.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 67 IS 4 BP 337 EP 343 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2004.11.003 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 901FZ UT WOS:000227269700004 ER PT J AU Samuels, SM Casebeer, WD AF Samuels, SM Casebeer, WD TI A social psychological view of morality: why knowledge of situational influences on behaviour can improve character development practices SO JOURNAL OF MORAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID PERSONALITY; DISSEMINATION; INFORMATION; ALTRUISM; FAIRNESS; JUSTICE; SMOKING AB Results from research in social psychology, such as findings about the fundamental attribution error and other situational influences on behaviour, are often used to justify attacking the existence of character traits. From this perspective, character development is an illusion, an impossibility, or both. We offer a different interpretation of how these issues interact with character development concerns. Rather than undermining the very idea of character traits, social psychology actually sheds light on the manner in which character development can occur. It reaffirms Spinozistic and Aristotelian points about character, namely that: (1) knowledge of the fundamental attribution error can help us minimize the influence environment and situation have on our behaviour, and (2) proper habituation only takes place in appropriately structured environments. Acknowledging these important results from social psychology helps us improve some of our character education practices rather than destroying their basis. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, HQ USAFA DFBL, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Samuels, SM (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, HQ USAFA DFBL, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6L101, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Steven.Samuels@usafa.af.mil NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0305-7240 J9 J MORAL EDUC JI J. Moral Educ. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 34 IS 1 BP 73 EP 87 DI 10.1080/03057240500049349 PG 15 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 915IX UT WOS:000228299000006 ER PT J AU Sarkisov, SS Peterson, BH Curley, MJ Nesterov, VN Timofeeva, T Antipin, M Radovanova, EI Leyderman, A Fleitz, PA AF Sarkisov, SS Peterson, BH Curley, MJ Nesterov, VN Timofeeva, T Antipin, M Radovanova, EI Leyderman, A Fleitz, PA TI Two-photon absorption and fluorescence of new derivatives of cyclohexanone and piperidone SO JOURNAL OF NONLINEAR OPTICAL PHYSICS & MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE two-photon absorption; two-photon excited fluorescence; derivatives of cyclohexanone; derivatives of piperidone; optical limiting AB We report on two-photon absorption and two-photon excited fluorescence of a selected group of new derivatives of cyclohexanone and piperidone with regard to their molecular structure. The molecular cross-section of the two-photon absorption of these compounds, as high as 3000 x 10(-50) cm(4) s/photon at nanosecond pumping, makes them promising nonlinear materials for optical limiting in the near-infrared region. They also exhibit an intense two-photon exciting fluorescence. Similar compounds have previously demonstrated strong anticancer effect. Both features combined in a single compound thus open the way for more efficient treatment of cancer, when biochemical destruction of malignant cells is accompanied by their two-photon fluorescent imaging. C1 Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Phys, Normal, AL 35762 USA. New Mexico Highlands Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Las Vegas, NM 87701 USA. RAN, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194291, Russia. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sarkisov, SS (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Phys, 4900 Meridian St,POB 1268, Normal, AL 35762 USA. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-8635 EI 1793-6624 J9 J NONLINEAR OPT PHYS JI J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. Mater. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 1 BP 21 EP 40 DI 10.1142/S0218863505002554 PG 20 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 921IQ UT WOS:000228758100003 ER PT J AU Self, DR Holt, DT Schaninger, WS AF Self, DR Holt, DT Schaninger, WS TI Work-group and organizational support: A test of distinct dimensions SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONSTRUCT-VALIDITY; EXCHANGE AB Using data from 467 members of a large firm in the United States, this paper found that perceived work-group support is a distinct construct from perceived organizational support. To reinforce the uniqueness of the constructs, the work-group and organizational support constructs exhibited meaningful, differential relationships with six of eight variables reflecting different levels of exchange relationships and commitments. The implications of these findings are discussed. C1 USAF, AFIT ENV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Troy State Univ, Troy, NY USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Holt, DT (reprint author), USAF, AFIT ENV, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.holt@afit.edu RI Kerr, Alexa/A-8359-2012 NR 13 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI LEICESTER PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48 PRINCESS RD EAST, LEICESTER LE1 7DR, LEICS, ENGLAND SN 0963-1798 J9 J OCCUP ORGAN PSYCH JI J. Occup. Organ. Psychol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 78 BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.1348/096317904X22944 PN 1 PG 8 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 914TK UT WOS:000228250400009 ER PT J AU Powell, CA Mealey, BL Deas, DE McDonnell, HT Moritz, AJ AF Powell, CA Mealey, BL Deas, DE McDonnell, HT Moritz, AJ TI Post-surgical infections: Prevalence associated with various periodontal surgical procedures SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE infection/etiology; periodontal surgery/complications; review of reported cases; risk factors ID ANTIBIOTIC-PROPHYLAXIS; SURGERY; REGENERATION; PENICILLIN; DEFECTS AB Background: Of the various adverse outcomes that may be encountered following periodontal surgery, the risk of infection stands at the forefront of concern to the surgeon, since infection can lead to morbidity and poor healing outcomes. This paper describes a large-scale retrospective study of multiple surgical modalities in a diverse periodontal practice undertaken to explore the prevalence of clinical infections post-surgically and the relationship between diverse treatment variables and infection rates. Methods: A retrospective review of all available periodontal surgical records of patients treated in the Department of Periodontics at Wilford Hall Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, was conducted. The sample comprised 395 patients and included 1,053 fully documented surgical procedures. Surgical techniques reviewed included osseous resective surgery, flap curettage, distal wedge procedures, gingivectomy, root resection, guided tissue regeneration, dental implant surgery, epithelialized free soft tissue autografts, subepithelial connective tissue autografts, coronally positioned flaps, sinus augmentations, and ridge preservation or augmentation procedures. Infection was defined as increasing and progressive swelling with the presence of suppuration. The impact of various treatment variables was examined including the use of bone grafts, membranes, soft tissue grafts, post-surgical chlorhexidine rinses, systemic antibiotics, and dressings. Results were analyzed using Fisher's exact test and Pearson's chi-square test. Results: Of the 1,053 surgical procedures evaluated in this study, there were a total of 22 infections for an overall prevalence of 2.09%. Patients who received antibiotics as part of the surgical protocol (pre- and/ or post-surgically) developed eight infections in 281 procedures (2.85%) compared to 14 infections in 772 procedures (1.81%) where antibiotics were not used. Procedures in which chlorhexidine was used during post-surgical care had a lower infection rate (17 infections in 900 procedures, 1.89%) compared to procedures after which chlorhexidine was not used as part of post-surgical care (five infections in 153 procedures, 3.27%). The use of a post-surgical dressing demonstrated a slightly higher rate of infection (eight infections in 300 procedures, 2.67%) than non-use of a dressing (14 infections in 753 procedures, 1.86%). Despite these trends, no statistically significant relationship was found between post-surgical infection and any of the treatment variables examined, including the use of perioperative antibiotics. Conclusions: The results of this study confirm previous research demonstrating a low rate of postoperative infection following periodontal surgical procedures. Although perioperative antibiotics are commonly used when performing certain regenerative and implant surgical procedures, data from this and other studies suggest that there may be no benefit in using antibiotics for the sole purpose of preventing post-surgical infections. Further large-scale, controlled clinical studies are warranted to determine the role of perioperative antibiotics in the prevention of periodontal post-surgical infections. C1 Willard Hall, Ctr Med, USAF Periodont Residency, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Powell, CA (reprint author), 59th Med Wing-MRDT,2450 Pepperrell St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 19 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 76 IS 3 BP 329 EP 333 DI 10.1902/jop.2005.76.3.329 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 920AT UT WOS:000228660100002 PM 15857064 ER PT J AU Sturgess, GJ Zelina, J Shouse, DT Roquemore, WM AF Sturgess, GJ Zelina, J Shouse, DT Roquemore, WM TI Emissions reduction technologies for military gas turbine engines SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID COMBUSTOR; FUEL AB Future military gas turbine engines will have higher performance than current engines, resulting in increased compressor and combustor exit temperatures, combustor pressures, and fuel-air ratios with wider operating limits. These combustor characteristics suggest undesirable exhaust emission levels of nitrogen oxides and smoke at maximum power and higher carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons at low power. To control emission levels while improving performance, durability and cost, requires major advances in combustor technology. Current emissions control approaches as applied to conventional swirl-stabilized combustors include rich- and lean-burn strategies, together with staged combustion. These approaches, even in fully developed form, may not be sufficient to satisfy the projected design requirements. Unconventional combustor configurations may become necessary. Different engine cycles other than the standard Brayton cycle may also be used for special applications in order to avoid the use of excessive combustion temperatures. The paper presents an overview of the currently utilized emissions control approaches, comparing their performances and likely potential for meeting future requirements. Experimental results are presented for two non-conventional combustor configurations that have shown promise for advanced engine applications. A brief discussion is offered on cycle changes that could result in lower peak temperatures while maintaining advanced performance. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sturgess, GJ (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. NR 50 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 21 IS 2 BP 193 EP 217 DI 10.2514/1.6528 PG 25 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 906UG UT WOS:000227668400001 ER PT J AU Eyink, KG Grazulis, L AF Eyink, KG Grazulis, L TI Combined in situ and ex situ analysis of hydrogen radical and thermal removal of native oxides from (001) GaAs SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; ELLIPSOMETRY; GROWTH AB We are currently involved in the study of regrowth of InAs on nanopatterned GaAs surfaces. The nanopatterning is accomplished through the movement of the sample while in contact with a diamond tip maintained at a constant load. Native oxides present on these surfaces introduce an obstacle to the subsequent regrowth. Therefore, the removal of this oxide is a prerequisite step for the, study of the subsequent regrowth on these patterned surfaces. In this study we used in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) as well as ex situ atomic force microscopy to follow the hydrogen cleaning and thermal removal of the native oxides from the GaAs surface. SE and RHEED were used to follow the oxide desorption process in situ and were used to determine when the surface was clean. Post AFM analysis indicated that the thermally desorbed oxide surface contained pits which were approximately 100 angstrom deep and covered 15% of the surface. Hydrogen radical cleaning was studied at substrate temperatures between 400-535 degrees C using a pressure of approximately 1 X 10(-6) Torr'and a cracking thermocouple reading of 900 degrees C. The time to produce a clean surface was found to decrease as the temperature was increased. At the highest temperatures, cleaning took less than 10 min. AFM analysis indicated smooth surfaces were produced up.to 500 degrees C. Above 500 degrees C, pitting was seen to occur similaf to that observed for thermal oxide desorption. It was found that the onset of this pitting coincided with time at which spectroscopic ellipsometry indicated a change in the oxide layer. (c) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLPS, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eyink, KG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLPS, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 23 IS 2 BP 554 EP 558 DI 10.1116/1.1884122 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 921TT UT WOS:000228788600035 ER PT J AU Park, IW Kim, KH Kunrath, AO Zhong, D Moore, JJ Voevodin, AA Levashov, EA AF Park, IW Kim, KH Kunrath, AO Zhong, D Moore, JJ Voevodin, AA Levashov, EA TI Microstructure and mechanical properties of superhard Ti-B-C-N films deposited by dc unbalanced magnetron sputtering. SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS; TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR; COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; SI; NITRIDE; SYSTEM; HARDNESS; PVD AB substrates by a dc unbalanced magnetron sputtering technique from a Ti-B-C composite target. The relationship between microstructures and mechanical properties was investigated in terms of the nanosized crystallites/amorphous system. The synthesized Ti-B-C-N films were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These analyses revealed that our Ti-B-C-N films are composites of solid-solution (Ti, C, N)B-2 and Ti(C,N). crystallites distributed in an amorphous boron nitride (BN) phase including some of carbon, CNx, B2O3 components. The hardness of the Ti-B-C-N films increased with the increase of N content up to a maximum value of approximately 45 GPa at 10 at.. % N, with a subsequent decrease in hardness at higher N, content. This value is considerably higher than the hardness measured in our Ti-B-C films (similar to 35 GPa). The Ti-B-C-N(10 at.%) film also showed the highest H-3/E-*2 value (similar to 1.7 GPa) among the coatings produced. A systematic investigation of the microstructures and mechanical properties of Ti-B-C-N films prepared with various N contents is reported, in this paper. (c) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 Pusan Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Pusan 609735, South Korea. Colorado Sch Mines, ACSEL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLBT, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Moscow State Inst Steels & Alloys, Moscow, Russia. RP Kim, KH (reprint author), Pusan Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, San30,Jangjeon Dong, Pusan 609735, South Korea. EM kwhokim@pusan.ac.kr RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 36 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 14 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 23 IS 2 BP 588 EP 593 DI 10.1116/1.1884125 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 921TT UT WOS:000228788600042 ER PT J AU Gilcreast, DM Warren, JB Yoder, LH Clark, JJ Wilson, JA Mays, MZ AF Gilcreast, DM Warren, JB Yoder, LH Clark, JJ Wilson, JA Mays, MZ TI Research comparing three heel ulcer-prevention devices SO JOURNAL OF WOUND OSTOMY AND CONTINENCE NURSING LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE SORE RISK; BRADEN SCALE AB OBJECTIVE: To compare 3 pressure-reduction devices for effectiveness in prevention of heel ulcers in moderate-risk to high-risk patients. DESIGN: A prospective quasi-experimental 3-group design was used. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: A sample of 338 "moderate-risk to high-risk" adult inpatients, ages 18 to 97, at 2 medical centers in South Texas were studied. INSTRUMENTS: The Braden Scale for Pressure Ulcer Risk and investigator-developed history and skin assessment tools were used. METHODS: Subjects were randomly assigned to the High-Cushion Kodel Heel Protector (bunny boot), Egg Crate Heel Lift Positioner (egg crate), or EHOB Foot Waffle Air Cushion (foot waffle). Data are demographics, Braden scores, comorbidities, skin assessments, lengths of stay, and costs of devices. Analyses were Chi-square, analysis of variance, and regression. RESULTS: Of 240 subjects with complete data, 77 (32%) were assigned to the bunny boot group, 87 (36.3%) to the egg crate, and 76 (31.7%) to the foot waffle. Twelve ulcers developed in 240 subjects (5% incidence). Six subjects had only 1 foot. Eleven ulcers were Stage I (nonblanchable erythema), and 1 was Stage II (partial thickness). Overall incidence was 3.9% for the bunny boot, 4.6% for the egg crate, and 6.6% for the foot waffle (not significantly different among groups). The bunny boot with pillows was most cost effective ((F[3], N 240) = 1.342, p <= .001). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the bunny boot was as effective as higher-tech devices. The results, however, were confounded by nurses adding pillows to the bunny boot group. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Wound & Ostomy Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Wound Ostomy & Continence Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Med, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Gilcreast, DM (reprint author), 5647 Wood Climb St, San Antonio, TX 78233 USA. EM gilcreast@uthscsa.edu NR 25 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1071-5754 J9 J WOUND OSTOMY CONT JI J. Wound Ostomy Cont. Nurs. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 32 IS 2 BP 112 EP 120 PG 9 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 020DJ UT WOS:000235888300008 PM 15867701 ER PT J AU Bhat, RB Tamirisakandala, S Miracle, DB Ravi, VA AF Bhat, RB Tamirisakandala, S Miracle, DB Ravi, VA TI Thermomechanical response of a powder metallurgy Ti-6Al-4V alloy modified with 2.9 pct boron SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM-MATRIX COMPOSITES; SUPERPLASTICITY; DEFORMATION; REINFORCEMENT; BEHAVIOR AB The thermornechanical response of Ti-6Al-4V modified with 2.9 pct B produced by a blended powder metallurgy route was studied with isothermal constant strain-rate hot compression tests in the temperature range 850degreesC to 1200degreesC and strain rate range 10(-3) to 10 s(-1). Detailed analyses of the flow stress data were conducted to identify various microstructural deformation and damage mechanisms during hot working by applying available materials modeling techniques. In the alpha + 8 phase field, cavitation at the matrix/TiB interfaces and TiB particle fracture occurs at low strain rates (< 10(-1) s(-1)), while adiabatic shear banding also occurs at high strain rates. At low strain rates, the beta phase deforms superplastically due to the stabilization of a fine grain size by the TiB particles. Grain boundary and matrix/TiB interface sliding with simultaneous diffusional accommodation are observed to contribute to the beta superplasticity. The deformation behavior at high strain rates in the beta-phase field is similar to that of the alpha + beta phase field, with microstructural manifestations of extensive cavitation at the matrix/TiB interfaces and TiB particle fracture. C1 UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Ohio Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Athens, OH 45701 USA. AFRL, MLLMD, Mat Mfg Directorate, Metall Composites Res Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Cal Poly Pomona, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. RP UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM radha.bhat@fnnet.wpafbrnl.org NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 36A IS 3A BP 845 EP 857 DI 10.1007/s11661-005-0198-9 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 904XG UT WOS:000227531300015 ER PT J AU Sun, G Soref, RA Khurgin, JB AF Sun, G Soref, RA Khurgin, JB TI A comparative study of InAs quantum dot lasers with barriers of direct and indirect band gaps SO MICROELECTRONICS JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Low Dimensional Structures and Devices (LDSD 2004) CY DEC 12-17, 2004 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP CINVESTAV, CLAF, USAF Off Sci Res, USAF Res Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE quantum dot laser; linewidth enhancement factor; indirect short-period superlattice; indium arsenide ID LINEWIDTH ENHANCEMENT FACTOR; SHORT-PERIOD SUPERLATTICE; WELL AB We propose the idea of making quantum dot (QD) lasers by embedding direct-bandgap QDs in a short-period superlattice whose bandgap is indirect. In comparison with similar QD lasers with barriers of direct band gap, this technique not only reduces the temperature dependence of threshold current, but also leads to extremely small linewidth enhancement factor, making low-temperature sensitivity, low chirp, and narrow linewidth semiconductor lasers feasible. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM greg.sun@umb.edu RI khurgin, Jacob/A-3278-2010 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-2692 J9 MICROELECTRON J JI Microelectron. J. PD MAR-JUN PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3-6 BP 183 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.mejo.2005.02.001 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 933XK UT WOS:000229666000004 ER PT J AU Brown, GJ Smulowicz, F Haugan, H Mahalingam, K Houston, S AF Brown, GJ Smulowicz, F Haugan, H Mahalingam, K Houston, S TI Design of InAs/Ga(In)Sb superlattices for infrared sensing SO MICROELECTRONICS JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Low Dimensional Structures and Devices (LDSD 2004) CY DEC 12-17, 2004 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP CINVESTAV, CLAF, USAF Off Sci Res, USAF Res Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE superlattice; InAs/GaSb; infrared; detectors AB New infrared detector materials with high sensitivity, multi-spectral capability, improved uniformity and lower manufacturing costs are required for numerous infrared sensing applications. One material system has shown great theoretical and experimental promise for these applications: InAs/InxGa1-xSb type-II superlattices. These superlattices offer a large design space for adjusting not only the energy band gap of the material but also the band structure. The infrared properties of several sets of designs of InAs/GaSb superlattices were studied. These designs covered the mid-infrared spectral band from 3 to 6 mu m. Optimization design rules were explored. The infrared photoresponse spectra, combined with 8 X 8 k center dot p envelope function approximation modeling of superlattice band gaps and absorption spectra, provide insight into the underlying physics behind the optimized design of these materials. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brown, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPS, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM gail.brown@wpafb.af.mil NR 6 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-2692 J9 MICROELECTRON J JI Microelectron. J. PD MAR-JUN PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3-6 BP 256 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.mejo.2005.02.020 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 933XK UT WOS:000229666000025 ER PT J AU Sun, G Soref, RA AF Sun, G Soref, RA TI Design and simulation of a GaN/AlGaN quantum cascade laser for terahertz emission SO MICROELECTRONICS JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Low Dimensional Structures and Devices (LDSD 2004) CY DEC 12-17, 2004 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP CINVESTAV, CLAF, USAF Off Sci Res, USAF Res Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE quantum cascade laser; terahertz emission; gallium nitride; quantum wells ID CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; HETEROSTRUCTURES; TEMPERATURE; SCATTERING; HOLE; MASS AB Our study indicates that there are significant advantages in developing THz quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) with GaN-based quantum well (QW) structures. While the ultrafast longitudinal optical (LO) phonon scattering in AlGaN/GaN QWs can be used for the rapid depopulation of the lower laser state, the large LO-phonon energy (similar to 90 meV) can effectively reduce the thermal population of the lasing states. Our investigation shows that GaN-based THz QCLs can potentially be operating cw at room temperature. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom Air Force Base, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM greg.sun@umb.edu NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-2692 EI 1879-2391 J9 MICROELECTRON J JI Microelectron. J. PD MAR-JUN PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3-6 BP 450 EP 452 DI 10.1016/j.mejo.2005.02.044 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 933XK UT WOS:000229666000076 ER PT J AU Kingman, A Albers, JW Arezzo, JC Garabrant, DH Michalek, JE AF Kingman, A Albers, JW Arezzo, JC Garabrant, DH Michalek, JE TI Amalgam exposure and neurological function SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amalgam exposure; mercury; neurological signs; peripheral neuropathy; epidemiology ID DENTAL AMALGAM; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY; FILLINGS; HEALTH; POLYNEUROPATHY; RELIABILITY; VETERANS; DENTISTS; BRAIN AB Concerns regarding the safety of silver-mercury amalgam fillings continue to be raised in the absence of any direct evidence of harm. The widespread population exposure to amalgam mandated that a thorough investigation be conducted of its potential effects on the nervous system. The National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research and U.S. Air Force investigators collaborated in the ongoing Air Force Health Study (AFHS) of Vietnam era veterans. The primary study question involved adverse health effects associated with exposure to herbicides or dioxin. Air assessment of exposure to dental amalgam fillings was added to the 1997-1998 health examination to investigate possible associations between amalgam exposure and neurological abnormalities. Our study population consisted of 1663 dentate AFHS participants, comprised of 986 AFHS controls and 677 Ranch Hand veterans who were exposed to dioxin in Vietnam. Two hundred and fifty-two of the participants had confirmed diabetes mellitus. Study outcomes included clinical neurological signs, vibrotactile thresholds, and summary variables for different levels of peripheral neuropathy. A limitation of our study is that our database did not include more sensitive continuous measures such as nerve conduction studies. No significant associations were found between amalgam exposure and clinical neurological signs of abnormal tremor, coordination, station or gait, strength, sensation, or muscle stretch reflexes or for any level of peripheral neuropathy among our study participants. A statistically significant association was detected between amalgam exposure and the continuous vibrotactile sensation response for the combined non-diabetic participants and separately for non-diabetic AFHS controls. No significant association in this measure was detectable for non-diabetic Ranch Hand veterans or among the combined diabetic participants,. The association is a sub-clinical finding that was not associated with symptoms, clinically evident signs of neuropathy, or any functional impairment. Overall, we found no association between amalgam exposure and neurological signs or clinically evident peripheral neuropathy. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that exposure to amalgam produces adverse, clinically evident neurological effects. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Div Clin Res & Hlth Promot, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Neurosci, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USAF, Res Lab, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Kingman, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Div Clin Res & Hlth Promot, NIH, 45 Ctr Dr,Room 4As-25U, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM Albert.Kingman@nih.gov NR 46 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD MAR PY 2005 VL 26 IS 2 BP 241 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2004.09.008 PG 15 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 904QT UT WOS:000227513500010 PM 15713345 ER PT J AU Zenner, EK Puettmann, KJ Krueger, JA AF Zenner, EK Puettmann, KJ Krueger, JA TI Early growth responses of naturally regenerated eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) to partial release from juvenile aspen and pathological pruning SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE aspen; growth; pathological pruning; release; white pine ID OVERSTORY; SEEDLINGS; HERBIVORY; PATTERNS; REMOVAL; FORESTS; CROWN AB Height, breast height diameter, and basal diameter growth responses of 7- to 12-year-old naturally regenerated. eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) to partial release from juvenile (15-year-old) trembling and bigtooth aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx. and Populus grandidentata Michx.) and pathological pruning were monitored over four growing seasons. Pathological pruning is the removal of disease-infected branches before the disease call reach the stem or the removal of lower branches that are most susceptible to infection. Results indicated that seedling growth responses to release and printing depended strongly on the height stratum to which a seedling belonged. Whereas growth rates of small white pine lip to 190 cm tall were significantly reduced by increasing aspen densities and by pruning, growth rates of white pine taller than 190 cm were not significantly affected by either aspen density, or pruning. Effects of pruning on small white pine were restricted to the first 2 years after release, after which growth rates were similar between pruned and imprinted individuals. This likely was due to natural crown recession of unpruned white pine, which brought crown lengths and crown ratios closer to those of pruned individuals. Besides affecting natural crown recession rates and growth of small unpruned white pines, release intensity also affected tipper stratum aspen, which responded vigorously to release. Findings of this study suggest that early release from upper stratum juvenile aspen should enable the conversion of an aspen cover type to a mixture of aspen and white pine, but may have to be followed lip by repeated interventions into the upper canopy stratum. It is, however, questionable if the expense of pruning to prevent blister-rust infections under a partial canopy is warranted. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zenner, EK (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 1530 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM ezenner@umn.edu NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1 BP 27 EP 34 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 906EB UT WOS:000227622200004 ER PT J AU Vandewalle, KS Roberts, HW Tiba, A Charlton, DG AF Vandewalle, KS Roberts, HW Tiba, A Charlton, DG TI Thermal emission and curing efficiency of LED and halogen curing lights SO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED RESIN COMPOSITES; VISIBLE-LIGHT; EMITTING DIODE; DENTAL COMPOSITES; TEMPERATURE RISE; POLYMERIZATION; CURE; DEPTH; UNITS; CONVERSION AB The purpose of this study was to compare the thermal emission and curing efficiency of LED (LEDemetron 1, SDS/Kerr) and QTH (VIP, BISCO) curing lights at maximum output and similar power, power density and energy density using the same light guide. Also, another LED curing light (Allegro, Den-Mat) and the QTH light at reduced power density were tested for comparison. Increase in temperature from the tips of the light guides was measured at 0 and 5 mm in air (23 degrees C) using a temperature probe (Fluke Corp). Pulpal temperature increase was measured using a digital thermometer (Omega Co) and a K-type thermocouple placed on the central pulpal roof of human molars with a Class I occlusal preparation. Measurements were made over 90 seconds with an initial light activation of 40 seconds. To test curing efficiency, resin composites (Z100, A110, 3M/ESPE) were placed in a 2-mm. deep and 8-mm wide plastic mold and cured with the LED and QTH curing lights at 1- and 5-mm curing distances. Knoop Hardness Numbers (KHN) were determined on the top and bottom surfaces (Leco). Bottom hardness values were expressed as a percentage of maximum top hardness. No significant differences were found in maximum thermal emission or KHN ratios between the LED (LEDemetron 1) and the QTH (VIP) at maximum output and similar energy densities (ANOVA/Tukey's; alpha=0.05). C1 USAF, DIS, SAM, Dent Mat Evaluat, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Vandewalle, KS (reprint author), USAF, DIS, SAM, Dent Mat Evaluat, 310C B St,Bldg 1H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM kraig.vandewalle@ndri.med.navy.mil NR 33 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPERATIVE DENTISTRY INC PI INDIANAPOLIS PA INDIANA UNIV SCHOOL DENTISTRY, ROOM S411, 1121 WEST MICHIGAN ST, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202-5186 USA SN 0361-7734 J9 OPER DENT JI Oper. Dent. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 30 IS 2 BP 257 EP 264 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 910HQ UT WOS:000227922100018 PM 15853113 ER PT J AU Michaelson, PG Mair, EA AF Michaelson, PG Mair, EA TI West Nile virus: A primer for the otolaryngologist SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 108th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Otolaryngology-Head-and-Neck-Surgery CY SEP 19-22, 2004 CL New York, NY SP Amer Acad Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg ID UNITED-STATES; ENCEPHALITIS; DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE AB BACKGROUND: Since recognition in the United States with a 1999 New York City epidemic, West Nile virus has enduringly migrated westward, leaving few states unaffected. Infection rates are rising at an alarming rate, doubling every year since introduction, with more than 9800 cases in 2003 alone and more than 260 deaths. Patients may present with myriad symptoms including a maculopapular rash that affects the face and trunk and diffuse lymphadenopathy, both of which may result in the initial consultation of the otolaryngologist. We review the clinical history of West Nile virus and its epidemiology, laboratory findings, and variable clinical presentation, with an emphasis on otolaryngologic manifestations. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Comprehensive review of the literature over the past 50 years with an emphasis on what the present-day otolaryngologist needs to know concerning West Nile virus. Clinical manifestations of the head and neck such as encephalitis, meningitis, maculopapular rash, lymphadenopathy and dysphagia are discussed. RESULTS. To date, there are no articles in the otolaryngology literature discussing West Nile virus. These patients may present initially to multiple providers in diverse specialties because of multifarious initial signs-and symptoms. The otolaryngologist must be educated on this quickly growing affliction and practice with a high index of suspicion. CONCLUSIONS: In this article we describe the clinical manifestations of West Nile virus, with an emphasis on the otolaryngologic manifestations. The otolaryngologist must become educated about this entity to facilitate preventative measures, adequately treat, and assist other providers in hopeful control and potential eradication of this infectious threat. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Michaelson, PG (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, MC 2200 Bergquist Dr,MCSR, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM peter.michaelson@lackland.af.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 132 IS 3 BP 347 EP 352 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2004.11.010 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 904RP UT WOS:000227515700001 PM 15746843 ER PT J AU Foster, CA Campbell, WK AF Foster, CA Campbell, WK TI The adversity of secret relationships SO PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS LA English DT Article ID ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS; THOUGHT SUPPRESSION; INVESTMENT MODEL; GAY MEN; SATISFACTION; COMMITMENT; QUALITY; PARENTS; COUPLES; LOVE AB Are secret romantic relationships alluring or aversive? previous research suggests that romantic secrecy (i.e., keeping a romantic relationship secret from others) creates a cognitive preoccupation that enhances romantic attraction. In contrast, we predicted that romantic secrecy interferes with relationship interdependence and thereby decreases relationship quality. Three studies of secrecy in ongoing romantic relationships confirmed this prediction. in Study 1, romantic secrecy predicted lower levels of initial relationship quality and decreased relationship quality over a 2-week period. In Study 2, relationship burden mediated partially the negative association between romantic secrecy and relationship quality. In Study 3, the negative association between romantic secrecy and relationship quality was primarily explained by decreased relationship satisfaction. The importance of understanding romantic secrecy is discussed. C1 USAF Acad, DFBL, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Foster, CA (reprint author), USAF Acad, DFBL, HQ, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM craig.foster@usafa.af.mil NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1350-4126 J9 PERS RELATIONSHIP JI Pers. Relat. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 12 IS 1 BP 125 EP 143 DI 10.1111/j.1350-4126.2005.00105.x PG 19 WC Communication; Psychology, Social SC Communication; Psychology GA 898JE UT WOS:000227072300007 ER PT J AU Wang, LB Price, MB Young, JL Kwon, C Levin, GA Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN AF Wang, LB Price, MB Young, JL Kwon, C Levin, GA Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN TI Mapping the current distribution in YBa2Cu3O7-x thin films with striations SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE striated YBCO film; ac loss; current distribution; variable temperature scanning laser microscopy ID SCANNING LASER MICROSCOPY; COATED CONDUCTORS; TAPES; TEMPERATURE; YBCO; DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT; JUNCTIONS AB We have studied the transport current distributions in striated YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) films and coated conductors using variable temperature scanning laser microscopy (VTSLM). VTSLM images reveal the location of incomplete separation between filaments due to un-optimized sample processing parameters. When the current flows parallel to the completely separated striations, the current seems to flow within a strip without inter-mixing via the substrate. Initial resistivity measurements on metallic inter-filamentary connections (gold dots) exhibit a semiconducting behavior. VTSLM images clearly show that the current flows between filaments via the metallic inter-connect, indicating the semiconducting resistive behavior is due to the interface between YBCO and metallic layer. The results demonstrate the potential of VTSLM technique in investigating current sharing and normal metal inter-connect issues for the coated conductor development for ac applications. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Phys & Astron, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Phys & Astron, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. EM ckwon@csulb.edu RI Kwon, Chuhee/A-8687-2008 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 EI 1873-2143 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 419 IS 3-4 BP 79 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2004.12.007 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 906OY UT WOS:000227652700002 ER PT J AU Baily, SA Salamon, MB AF Baily, SA Salamon, MB TI Berry-phase contribution to the anomalous Hall effect in gadolinium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; FERROMAGNETICS; MANGANITES; IRON AB When conduction electrons are forced to follow the local spin texture, the resulting Berry phase can induce an anomalous Hall effect (AHE). In gadolinium, as in double-exchange magnets, the exchange interaction is mediated by the conduction electrons and the AHE may therefore resemble that of CrO2 and other metallic double-exchange ferromagnets. The Hall resistivity, magnetoresistance, and magnetization of single crystal gadolinium were measured in fields up to 30 T. Measurements between 2 K and 400 K are consistent with previously reported data. A scaling analysis for the Hall resistivity as a function of the magnetization suggests the presence of a Berry-phase contribution to the anomalous Hall effect. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM sbaily@unm.edu NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 10 AR 104407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.104407 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 912GK UT WOS:000228065400043 ER PT J AU Benedek, R van de Walle, A Gerstl, SSA Asta, M Seidman, DN Woodward, C AF Benedek, R van de Walle, A Gerstl, SSA Asta, M Seidman, DN Woodward, C TI Partitioning of solutes in multiphase Ti-Al alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; TITANIUM ALUMINIDES; POINT-DEFECTS; PHASE; NB; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; DIFFUSION; SI AB First-principles calculations based on a plane-wave pseudopotential method, as implemented in the VASP code, are presented for the formation energies of several transition-metal and non-transition-metal dopants in Ti-Al alloys. Substitution for either Ti or Al in gamma-TiAl, alpha(2)-Ti3Al, Ti2AlC, and Ti3AlC are considered. Calculated (zero-temperature) defect formation energies exhibit clear trends as a function of the periodic-table column of transition metal solutes. Early transition metals in TiAl prefer the Ti sublattice, but this preference gradually shifts to the Al sublattice for late transition metals; the Ti sublattice is preferred by all transition metal solutes in Ti3Al. Partitioning of solutes to Ti3Al is predicted for mid-period transition elements, and to TiAl for early and late transition elements. A simple Ising model treatment demonstrates the plausibility of these trends, which are in excellent overall agreement with experiment. The influence of temperature on formation energies is examined with a cluster expansion for the binary TiAl alloys and a low temperature expansion for dilute ternary alloys. Results for Nb-doped alloys provide insight into the relative sensitivity of solute partitioning to individual contributions to the free energy. Whereas the calculated formation energy of Nb (substitution) at zero temperature favors partitioning to alpha(2)-Ti3Al, temperature-dependent contributions to the formation free energy, evaluated at 1075 K, favor partitioning to gamma-TiAl, in agreement with experiment. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Benedek, R (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Seidman, David/B-6697-2009; van de Walle, Axel/L-5676-2013 OI van de Walle, Axel/0000-0002-3415-1494 NR 50 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 9 AR 094201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.094201 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 920WV UT WOS:000228727100043 ER PT J AU Pearton, SJ Norton, DP Ip, K Heo, YW Steiner, T AF Pearton, SJ Norton, DP Ip, K Heo, YW Steiner, T TI Recent progress in processing and properties of ZnO SO PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID P-TYPE ZNO; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE FERROMAGNETISM; INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; BAND-GAP SEMICONDUCTORS; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; TI/AU OHMIC CONTACTS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL ZNO AB ZnO is attracting considerable attention for its possible application to UV light emitters, spin functional devices, gas sensors, transparent electronics and surface acoustic wave devices. There is also interest in integrating ZnO with other wide bandgap ceramic semiconductors such as the AlInGaN system. In this paper we summarize recent progress in doping control, materials processing methods such as dry etching and Ohmic and Schottky contact formation, new understanding of the role of hydrogen and finally the prospects for control of ferro-magnetism in transition-metal doped ZnO. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Pearton, SJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, POB 116400,100 Rhines Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM spear@mse.ufl.edu NR 163 TC 1275 Z9 1348 U1 99 U2 931 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6425 J9 PROG MATER SCI JI Prog. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 50 IS 3 BP 293 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2004.04.001 PG 48 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 887QD UT WOS:000226319700001 ER PT J AU Matteson, AV Moradi, B AF Matteson, AV Moradi, B TI Examining the structure of the schedule of sexist events: Replication and extension SO PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID FEMINIST IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT; PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS; PERSONAL DISCRIMINATION; WOMEN; EXPERIENCES; WORKPLACE; VIOLENCE; VALIDITY; OUTCOMES; STRESS AB The current study reexamined the factor structure of the Lifetime and Recent scales of the Schedule of Sexist Events (SSE; Klonoff T Landrine, 1995) and conducted the first factor analysis of the SSE-Appraisal scale (Landrine T Klonoff, 1997). Factor analyses conducted with data from 245 women yielded, for SSE-Lifetime and SSE-Appraisal scales, two reliable factors that can be scored as "Intimate and Personal Experiences of Sexist Events" and "Unfair Treatment Across Public Contexts" subscales. Data from the SSE-Recent scale yielded three factors that can be scored as "Sexist Degradation and Its Consequences," "Unfair and Sexist Events at Work/School," and "Unfair Treatment in Distant and Close Relationships" subscales. Recommendations are made for the future use of these proposed subscales in conjunction with total scale scores in research using the SSE to examine links between reported experiences of sexist events and women's health and well-being. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Psychol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Med Grp 89th, Andrews AFB, MD USA. RP Moradi, B (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Psychol, POB 112250, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM moradib@ufl.edu NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0361-6843 J9 PSYCHOL WOMEN QUART JI Psychol. Women Q. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 29 IS 1 BP 47 EP 57 DI 10.1111/j.0361-6843.2005.00167.x PG 11 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Women's Studies SC Psychology; Women's Studies GA 907SM UT WOS:000227738300007 ER PT J AU Hill, D Banerjee, R Huber, D Tiley, J Fraser, HL AF Hill, D Banerjee, R Huber, D Tiley, J Fraser, HL TI Formation of equiaxed alpha in TiB reinforced Ti alloy composites SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE metal matix composites; titanium; borides; phase transformations; equiaxed microstructure ID MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES AB This paper discusses the influence of TiB precipitates on the nucleation, growth, and morphology of the alpha phase precipitated during the solid-state beta --> alpha + beta transformation in alpha/beta Ti alloy composites. Slow cooling from above the beta-transus temperature forms equiaxed a precipitates within the beta matrix in these composites. (C) 2004 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76207 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ctr Accelerator Maturat Mat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Mat Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Banerjee, R (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76207 USA. EM banerjee.8@osu.edu NR 14 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 4 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 52 IS 5 BP 387 EP 392 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.10.019 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 887XM UT WOS:000226338800009 ER PT J AU Reed, CM Campbell, SE Beall, DP Bui, JS Stefko, RM AF Reed, CM Campbell, SE Beall, DP Bui, JS Stefko, RM TI Atlanto-occipital dislocation with traumatic pseudomeningocele formation and post-traumatic syringomyelia SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE atlanto-occipital dislocation; traumatic pseudomeningocele; post-traumatic syringomyelia ID CENTRAL CORD SYNDROME; MANAGEMENT AB Study Design. A case report of traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation complicated by the development of anterior and posterolateral pseudomeningoceles and the late development of syringohydromyelia is presented. Objective. To describe a unique post-traumatic and postsurgical course following atlanto-occipital dislocation. Summary of Background Data. Syringomyelia is a significant potential long-term complication in patients recovering from traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation. Cord enlargement and increased T2 signal can be a marker of abnormal cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics. This "presyrinx state" can be seen before clinical evidence of neurologic compromise. Pseudomeningocele formation after atlanto-occipital dislocation is rare, with only 3 reported cases. To our knowledge, all reported cases describe retropharyngeal pseudomeningoceles, and posterolateral pseudomeningocele as seen in this case has not previously been described. Methods. A single case is reported with an emphasis on the imaging findings related to the patient's subsequent neurologic deterioration. Results. Following a pedestrian-motor vehicle collision, the patient received initial evaluation and treatment at a local foreign medical facility, where his cervical spine was cleared. Several days following stabilizing treatment and surgery, the patient was transferred to a foreign-based United States military medical facility and ultimately to our institution, where magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated occipitocervical dissociation. The patient was taken to the operating room for surgical stabilization. Four months after his index operation, the patient underwent halo removal. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging revealed thickening of the cervical spinal cord in conjunction with diffuse high cord T2 signal and a small low cervical segment of syringomyelia. The patient was observed with follow-up magnetic resonance imaging obtained after 1 month. At this time, the low cervical syrinx had enlarged slightly, a small thoracic syrinx was observed, and cine imaging of cerebrospinal fluid flow demonstrated obstruction at the level of the foramen magnum. The patient was taken to the operating room for decompression of the foramen magnum and posterior fossa and duraplasty. One month later, the patient's clinical condition began to deteriorate, and repeat imaging showed continued enlargement of the patient's syrinx and hydrocephalus. He was admitted for an urgent shunt procedure but unfortunately sustained cardiorespiratory arrest while on the ward awaiting surgery. Conclusions. Atlanto-occipital dislocation is rarely survivable, and delayed diagnosis can negatively affect long-term clinical outcome. This case illustrates how, despite early signs of improvement, post-traumatic syringomyelia may occur months or even years after spinal trauma and should always be considered in patients who experience late neurologic deterioration after atlanto-occipital dislocation. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Reed, CM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Christopher.Reed@lackland.af.mil NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 30 IS 5 BP E128 EP E133 DI 10.1097/01.brs.0000154654.37815.01 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 902AH UT WOS:000227323000023 PM 15738776 ER PT J AU Katayama, AD Shambaugh, RN Doctor, T AF Katayama, AD Shambaugh, RN Doctor, T TI Promoting knowledge transfer with electronic note taking SO TEACHING OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS AB We investigated the differences between (a) copying and pasting text versus typed note-taking methods of constructing study notes simultaneously with (b) vertically scaffolded versus horizontally scaffold notes on knowledge transfer. Forty-seven undergraduate educational psychology students participated. Materials included 2 electronic chapter-length texts, 2 sets of computerized study notes, 2 tests (fact and application), and an attitudinal survey. Only the application test revealed a significant main effect for notes format. We conclude that keying in notes leads to higher retention of knowledge transfer than copying and pasting notes after a 1-week delay. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, HQ, DFBL, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Katayama, AD (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, HQ, DFBL, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6L101B, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM andrew.katayama@usafa.af.mil NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0098-6283 J9 TEACH PSYCHOL JI Teach. Psychol. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 32 IS 2 BP 129 EP 131 DI 10.1207/s15328023top3202_9 PG 3 WC Education & Educational Research; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology GA 921ML UT WOS:000228768600014 ER PT J AU Wei, Y Hood, A Yau, H Yazdanpanah, V Razeghi, M Tidrow, MZ Nathan, V AF Wei, Y Hood, A Yau, H Yazdanpanah, V Razeghi, M Tidrow, MZ Nathan, V TI High-performance type=II InAs/GaSb superlattice photodiodes with cutoff wavelength around 7 mu m SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOVOLTAIC DETECTORS AB We report the most recent result in the area of type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice photodiodes that have a cutoff wavelength around 7 mu m at 77 K. Superlattice with a period of 40 angstrom lattice matched to GaSb was realized using GaxIn1-x type interface engineering technique. Compared with significantly longer period superlattices, we have reduced the dark current density under reverse bias dramatically. For a 3 mu m thick structure, using sulfide-based passivation, the dark current density reached 2.6 x 10(-5) A/cm(2) at -3 V reverse bias at 77 K. At this temperature the photodiodes have R(O)A of 9300 Omega cm(2) and a thermally limited zero bias detectivity of 1 x 10(12) cm Hz(1/2)/W. The 90%-10% cutoff energy width was only 16.5 meV The devices did not show significant dark current change at 77 K after three months storage in the atmosphere. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Missile Def Agcy, Washington, DC 20301 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Wei, Y (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM razeghi@ece.northwestern.edu RI Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009 NR 6 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 9 AR 091109 DI 10.1063/1.1879113 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 924PT UT WOS:000228991600009 ER PT J AU Odstrcil, D Pizzo, VJ Arge, CN AF Odstrcil, D Pizzo, VJ Arge, CN TI Propagation of the 12 May 1997 interplanetary coronal mass ejection in evolving solar wind structures SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC CLOUD; 3-DIMENSIONAL PROPAGATION; INNER HELIOSPHERE; HOLES; FIELD; CME; MINIMUM; SHOCKS; STORMS; EVENT AB Recently, we simulated the 12 May 1997 coronal mass ejection ( CME) event with a numerical three- dimensional magnetohydrodynamic model ( Odstrcil et al., 2004), in which the background solar wind was determined from the Science Applications International Corporation ( SAIC) coronal model ( Riley et al., 2001) and the transient disturbance was determined from the cone model ( Zhao et al., 2002). Although we reproduced with some fidelity the arrival of the shock and interplanetary CME at Earth, detailed analysis of the simulations showed a poorly defined shock and discrepancies in the standoff distance between the shock and the driving ejecta and in the inclination of the shock with respect to the Sun- Earth line. In this paper, we investigate these problems in more detail. First, we use an alternative coronal outflow model, the so- called Wang- Sheeley- Arge- Mount Wilson Observatory ( WSA- MWO) model ( Arge and Pizzo, 2000; Arge et al., 2002; Arge et al., 2004), to assess the effect of using synoptic, full rotation coronal maps that differ in method of preparation. Second, we investigate how differences in the presumed evolution of the coronal stream structure affect the propagation of the disturbance. We incorporate two time- dependent boundary conditions for the ambient solar wind as determined by the WSA model, one derived from pseudo daily updated maps and one derived from artificially modified full rotation maps. Numerical results from these different scenarios are compared with solar wind observations at Earth. We find that heliospheric simulations with the SAIC and WSA full rotation models provide qualitatively similar parameters of the background solar wind and transient disturbances at Earth. Improved agreement with the observations is achieved by artificially modified maps that simulate the rapid displacement of the coronal hole boundary after the CME eruption. We also consider how multipoint temporal profiles of solar wind parameters and multiperspective synthetic white light images emulating upcoming STEREO spacecraft observations might be used to differentiate between different event scenarios. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM dusan.odstrcil@noaa.gov; pizzo@noaa.gov; nick.arge@hanscom.af.mil NR 31 TC 166 Z9 169 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 26 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A2 AR A02106 DI 10.1029/2004JA010745 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 904WD UT WOS:000227527900001 ER PT J AU Marcos, FA Wise, JO Kendra, MJ Grossbard, NJ Bowman, BR AF Marcos, FA Wise, JO Kendra, MJ Grossbard, NJ Bowman, BR TI Detection of a long-term decrease in thermospheric neutral density SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE AB Long-term thermospheric neutral density trends near 400 km altitude are analyzed using high accuracy satellite drag measurements over the common time period 1970-2000. Data coverage is over all latitudes and local times and an extensive range of solar and geomagnetic conditions. Densities are compared to empirical models that remove known variations related to solar activity, latitude, local time, day of year and altitude. An average unmodeled secular neutral density decrease of 1.7 % per decade is detected. This result is qualitatively consistent with predictions of thermospheric cooling related to anthropogenic causes deduced by theoretical models, and in general agreement with global cooling estimates determined from previous analyses of satellite orbital decay. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. AF Space Command, Space Anal Div, Peterson AFB, CO 80914 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Radex Inc, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM frank.marcos@hanscom.af.mil NR 21 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 25 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 4 AR L04103 DI 10.1029/2004GL021269 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 904VE UT WOS:000227525400001 ER PT J AU Brautigam, DH Ginet, GP Albert, JM Wygant, JR Rowland, DE Ling, A Bass, J AF Brautigam, DH Ginet, GP Albert, JM Wygant, JR Rowland, DE Ling, A Bass, J TI CRRES electric field power spectra and radial diffusion coefficients SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ULF GEOMAGNETIC POWER; OUTER-ZONE ELECTRONS; BELT ELECTRONS; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; SYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; ACCELERATION; FLUCTUATIONS; INSTRUMENT; DYNAMICS AB Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) Electric Field Instrument (EFI) data are used to determine the electric field power spectral density as a function of L and Kp over the frequency range 0.2 to 15.9 mHz. The power at each frequency is fit to the function P(L, Kp) = a L-b exp(cKp). Assuming a purely electrostatic field and making several other assumptions regarding the azimuthal dependence of the field fluctuations, a Kp-dependent radial diffusion coefficient D-LL(E) is computed from the power spectra. The model average D-E(LL) for high activity (Kp = 6) are between 1 to 2 orders of magnitude larger than that for low activity (Kp = 1), dependent upon L and first invariant. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Radex Inc, Bedford, MA USA. RP Brautigam, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM donald.brautigam@hanscom.af.mil RI Rowland, Douglas/F-5589-2012; OI Rowland, Douglas/0000-0003-0948-6257; Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630 NR 34 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 25 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A2 AR A02214 DI 10.1029/2004JA010612 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 904WC UT WOS:000227527800002 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Senkova, SV Scott, JM Miracle, DB AF Senkov, ON Senkova, SV Scott, JM Miracle, DB TI Compaction of amorphous aluminum alloy powder by direct extrusion and equal channel angular extrusion SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE amorphous al alloy powder; consolidation; extrusion; equal channel angular extrusion; direct extrusion; microstructure; mechanical properties ID LIQUID-PHASE; DEFORMATION; STRAIN; NANOQUASICRYSTALLINE; TEMPERATURE; SHEAR; FLOW AB Al89Gd7Ni3Fe1 alloy powder produced by gas atomization was consolidated using equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) and direct extrusion. The powder particle size was below 30 mum and the as-received powder was similar to70-80% amorphous. ECAE compaction of loose powder was conducted at 200degreesC. The microstructure of the compacted material was studied after different levels of ECAE deformation, which allowed analysis of the mechanism of particle interactions, deformation and bonding during different stages of consolidation. Direct extrusion compaction was conducted at 210, 250,400, and 450degreesC. After compaction at 210degreesC, the material was about 70% amorphous and it had 98-99% of the theoretical density. A fully dense alloy with a nanocrystalline structure (grain size similar to700 nm) was produced after extrusion at 450degreesC. Extrusion at 250 and 400degreesC led to poor consolidation of the powder due to formation of brittle intermetallic phases with volume fraction of about 40%. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM oleg.senkov@wpafb.af.mil RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012 OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X NR 26 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD FEB 25 PY 2005 VL 393 IS 1-2 BP 12 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2004.09.061 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 902TE UT WOS:000227378600002 ER PT J AU Richards, KC Smith, MC Verma, A AF Richards, KC Smith, MC Verma, A TI Continued use of zonisamide following development of renal calculi SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ACETAZOLAMIDE; NEPHROLITHIASIS; EPILEPSY C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Peter Kellaway Sect Neurophysiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Rush Epilepsy Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Verma, A (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Peter Kellaway Sect Neurophysiol, 1 Baylor Pl, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM amitv@bcm.tmc.edu NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD FEB 22 PY 2005 VL 64 IS 4 BP 763 EP 764 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 900HU UT WOS:000227206800048 PM 15728320 ER PT J AU Widera, J Bunker, CE Pacey, GE Katta, VR Brown, MS Elster, JL Jones, ME Gord, JR Buckner, SW AF Widera, J Bunker, CE Pacey, GE Katta, VR Brown, MS Elster, JL Jones, ME Gord, JR Buckner, SW TI Kinetic behavior of polymer-coated long-period-grating fiber-optic sensors SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; INDEX AB A new method of analysis employing the time-dependent response of long-period-grating (LPG) fiber-optic sensors is introduced. The current kinetic approach allows analysis of the time-dependent wavelength shift of the sensor, in contrast to previous studies, in which the LPG sensing element has been operated in an equilibrium mode and modeled with Langmuir adsorption behavior. A detailed kinetic model presented is based on diffusion of the analyte through the outer protective membrane coating into the affinity coating, which is bound to the fiber cladding. A simpler phenomenological approach presented is based on measurement of the slope of the time-dependent response of the LPG sensor. We demonstrate the principles of the kinetic methods by employing a commercial Cu+2 sensor with a carboxymethylcellulose sensing element. The detailed mathematical model fits the time-dependent behavior well and provides a means of calibrating the concentration-dependent time response. In the current approach, copper concentrations below parts per 106 are reliably analyzed. The kinetic model allows early-time measurement for low concentrations of the analyte, where equilibration times are long. This kinetic model should be generally applicable to other affinity-coated LPG fiber-optic sensors. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Contribut Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Luna Innovat, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. St Louis Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. RP Bunker, CE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.bunker@wpafb.af.mil; james.gord@wpafb.af.mil; buckners@slu.edu NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 20 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1011 EP 1017 DI 10.1364/AO.44.001011 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 900GN UT WOS:000227203500021 PM 15751692 ER PT J AU Patnaik, A Anagnostou, D Christodoulou, CG Lyke, JC AF Patnaik, A Anagnostou, D Christodoulou, CG Lyke, JC TI Modeling frequency reconfigurable antenna array using neural networks SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE antenna array; MEMS; neural networks; reconfigurable antennas AB In order to avoid the computational complexities involved in analyzing reconfigurable antennas, neural networks are used as an alternate approach. The neural network finds the location of the operational frequency bands for any combination of switches connecting different radiating elements. The network outputs are compared with the experimentally measured results. (C) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSSE, Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Patnaik, A (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Anagnostou, Dimitris/A-3124-2009 OI Anagnostou, Dimitris/0000-0003-4266-0309 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0895-2477 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD FEB 20 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 4 BP 351 EP 354 DI 10.1002/mop.20632 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 888CC UT WOS:000226350800015 ER PT J AU Cooper, TM Hall, BC McLean, DG Rogers, JE Burke, AR Turnbull, K Weisner, A Fratini, A Liu, Y Schanze, KS AF Cooper, TM Hall, BC McLean, DG Rogers, JE Burke, AR Turnbull, K Weisner, A Fratini, A Liu, Y Schanze, KS TI Structure-optical property relationships in organometallic sydnones SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID POLY-YNES; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; EXCITED-STATE; SINGLET; OLIGOMERS; LIQUIDS; SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES; SERIES AB As part of an effort to develop a spectroscopic structure-property relationship in platinum acetylide oligomers, we have prepared a series of mesoionic bidentate Pt(PBu3)(2)L-2 compounds containing sydnone groups. The ligand is the series o-Syd-(C6H4-CdropC)(n)-H, where n = 1-3, designated as Syd-PEn-H. The terminal oligomer unit consists of a sydnone group ortho to the acetylene carbon. We synthesized the platinum complex (Syd-PEn-Pt), the unmodified ligands (PEn-H), and the unmodified platinum complexes (PEn-Pt). The compounds were characterized by various methods, including X-ray diffraction, C-13 NMR, ground-state absorption, fluorescence, phosphorescence, and laser flash photolysis. From solving the structure of Syd-PE1-Pt, we find the angle between the sydnone group and the phenyl group is 45degrees. By comparison of the 13C NMR spectra of the sydnone-containing ligands, the sydnone complexes with the corresponding unmodified ligands and complexes not containing the sydnone group, the sydnone group is shown to polarize the nearest acetylenes and have a charge-transfer interaction with the platinum center. Ground-state absorption spectra of the complexes in various solvents give evidence that the Syd-PE1-Pt complex has an excited state less polar than the ground state, while the PE1-Pt complex has an excited state more polar than the ground state. In all the higher complexes the excited state is more polar than the ground state. The phosphorescence spectrum of the L, Syd-PE1-Pt complex has an intense vibronic progression distinctly different from the PE1-Pt complex. The sydnone effect is small in Syd-PE2-Pt and negligible in Syd-PE3-Pt. From absorption and emission spectra, we measured the singlet-state energy E-S, the triplet-state energy ET, and the singlet-triplet splitting DeltaE(ST). By comparison with energies obtained from the unmodified complexes, attachment of the sydnone lowers E-S by similar to0.1 eV and raises ET by similar to0.1 eV. As a result, the sydnone group lowers DeltaE(ST) by similar to0.2 eV. The trends suggest one of the triplet-state singly occupied molecular orbitals (SOMOs) is localized on the sydnone group, while the other SOMO resides on the rest of the ligand. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. Universal Technol Corp Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Cooper, TM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Thomas.Cooper@wpatb.af.mil RI Schanze, Kirk/A-7200-2009 OI Schanze, Kirk/0000-0003-3342-4080 NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD FEB 17 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 6 BP 999 EP 1007 DI 10.1021/jp046806t PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 896TF UT WOS:000226955800008 PM 16833406 ER PT J AU Bliss, D Tassev, V Weyburne, D Santeufemio, C Suscavage, M Fait, M Wang, SQ Bailey, J Yapp, C Kanjolia, R Anthis, J Nguyen, N Smith, L Odedra, R AF Bliss, David Tassev, Vladimir Weyburne, David Santeufemio, Chris Suscavage, Michael Fait, Mitchell Wang, Sheng Qi Bailey, John Yapp, Calvin Kanjolia, Ravi Anthis, Jeffrey Nam Nguyen Smith, Lesley Odedra, Raj TI Growth of thick-film AlN substrates by halide vapor transport epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Characterization; Substrates; Vapor-phase epitaxy; Semiconducting III-V Materials AB The development and scaling-up of a process for the growth of large diameter aluminum nitride thick films on 2-in sapphire is described. Optimal growth rates between 10 and 15 mu m/h have been reached by adjustment of the reactor pressure, substrate temperature and gas flows. The layer thickness is determined by in situ laser reflection from the layer surface and ex situ by the curve of reflectivity versus wavelength after growth. The crystal quality is demonstrated by in situ laser reflection, scanning electron microscopy (cross sectional images and thickness) and atomic force microscopy (average roughness before and after polishing in the ranges of 20-50 and 3-8 nm, respectively). (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bliss, David; Weyburne, David; Santeufemio, Chris; Suscavage, Michael; Fait, Mitchell] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Tassev, Vladimir; Wang, Sheng Qi; Bailey, John; Yapp, Calvin] Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. [Kanjolia, Ravi; Anthis, Jeffrey; Nam Nguyen] Epichem Inc, Haverhill, MA 01832 USA. [Smith, Lesley; Odedra, Raj] Epichem Ltd, Wirral CH62 3QF, Merseyside, England. RP Bliss, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM david.bliss@hanscom.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 275 IS 1-2 BP E1307 EP E1311 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.11.108 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA V23DX UT WOS:000208324600214 ER PT J AU Levin, GA Barnes, PN Amemiya, N Kasai, S Yoda, K Jiang, Z AF Levin, GA Barnes, PN Amemiya, N Kasai, S Yoda, K Jiang, Z TI Magnetization losses in multifilament coated superconductors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTORS; STRIP; YBCO AB We report the results of a study of the magnetization losses in experimental multifilament, as well as control (uniform) coated superconductors exposed to time-varying magnetic fields of various frequencies. Both the hysteresis loss, proportional to the sweep rate of the applied magnetic field, and the coupling loss, proportional to the square of the sweep rate, have been observed. A scaling is found that allows us to quantify each of these contributions and extrapolate the results of the experiment beyond the envelope of accessible field amplitude and frequency. The combined loss in the multifilament conductor is reduced by about 90% in comparison with the uniform conductor at full field penetration at a sweep rate as high as 3 T/s. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Yokohama Natl Univ, Fac Engn, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2408501, Japan. RP Levin, GA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, 1950 5th St,Bldg450, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM george.levin@wpafb.af.mil RI Jiang, Zhenan/A-5158-2016; Amemiya, Naoyuki/G-2549-2012 OI Jiang, Zhenan/0000-0002-3482-3510; Amemiya, Naoyuki/0000-0002-3000-864X NR 12 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 14 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 7 AR 072509 DI 10.1063/1.1861955 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 903PZ UT WOS:000227439400064 ER PT J AU Baek, JB Park, SY Price, GE Lyons, CB Tan, LS AF Baek, JB Park, SY Price, GE Lyons, CB Tan, LS TI Unusual thermal relaxation of viscosity-and-shear-induced strain in poly(ether-ketones) synthesized in highly viscous polyphosphoric acid/P2O5 medium SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Friedel-Crafts acylation; thermal analysis; wide-angle X-ray diffraction ID PENTOXIDE-METHANESULFONIC-ACID; GROWN CARBON NANOFIBERS; POLY(OXY-1,3-PHENYLENECARBONYL-1,4-PHENYLENE) AB We recently described an improved method to synthesize poly(ether-ketones) or PEKs. It utilized an optimized mixture of polyphosphoric acid (PPA) and P2O5 that is not only milder, less corrosive and less expensive than super-acid media, but also can play the multiple roles of solvent, Friedel-Crafts catalyst and dehydrating agent. The as-prepared PEKs from such a highly viscous reaction medium displayed unexpected, thermally induced relaxation exotherms regardless of the amorphous or semi-crystalline nature of polymer. This thermal behavior was not observed for the formally identical polymers [viz. pPEK or poly (oxy-1,4-phenylenecarbonyl-1,4-phenylene] which is normally semi-crystalline) that were separately prepared in a much less viscous mixture of methanesulfonic acid and P2O5 (Eaton's reagent) or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP). Such an observation was first made when both samples of pPEKs were subjected to the same thermal history and the thermal relaxation exotherms were observed only for the pPEK sample that was prepared in PPA/P2O5 medium. Further confirmation of viscosity-and-shear-induced strain stored in the as-synthesized PEKs was provided by a systematic annealing study with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Based on these data, pPEK was successfully compression-molded in the temperature range of 230-250degreesC which is more than 100degreesC below its melting temperature. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Chungbuk 361763, South Korea. Kyungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Polymer Sci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. SW Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. USAF, AFRL MLBP, Polymer Branch Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Baek, JB (reprint author), Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Chungbuk 361763, South Korea. EM jbbaek@chungbuk.ac.kr; loon-seng.tan@wpafb.af.mil RI Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 30 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD FEB 14 PY 2005 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1543 EP 1552 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.12.022 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 897HV UT WOS:000226995500013 ER EF