FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU MacDonald, A Cain, SC Armstrong, EE AF MacDonald, Adam Cain, Stephen C. Armstrong, Ernest E. TI Maximum a posteriori image and seeing condition estimation from partially coherent two-dimensional light detection and ranging images SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Fried's seeing parameter; laser imaging; laser radar; parameterized blind deconvolution; light detection and ranging; maximum a posteriori ID REGISTRATION TECHNIQUES; SPECKLE SUPPRESSION; RECONSTRUCTION; DECONVOLUTION; RESTORATION; SEQUENCES AB Recent developments in staring focal plane technology have spawned significant interest in the application of gated laser radar systems to battlefield remote sensing. Such environments are characterized by rapidly changing atmospheric seeing conditions and significant image distortion caused by long slant-range paths through the most dense regions of the atmosphere. Limited weight, space, and computational resources tend to prohibit the application of adaptive optic systems to mitigate atmospheric image distortion. We demonstrate and validate the use of a fast, iterative, maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator to estimate both the original target scene and the ensemble-averaged atmospheric optical transfer function parameterized by Fried's seeing parameter. Wide-field-of-view sensor data is simulated to emulate images collected on an experimental test range. Simulated and experimental multiframe motion-compensated average images are deconvolved by the MAP estimator to produce most likely estimates of the truth image as well as the atmospheric seeing condition. For comparison, Fried's seeing parameter is estimated from experimentally collected images using a knife-edge response technique. The MAP estimator is found to yield seeing condition estimates within approximately 6% using simulated speckle images, and within approximately 8% of knife-edge derived truth for a limited set of experimentally collected image data. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, OptoMetr Inc, Sensors Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP MacDonald, A (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 641, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM adam.macdonald@afit.edu NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 45 IS 8 AR 086201 DI 10.1117/1.2338572 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 093IN UT WOS:000241162100041 ER PT J AU Deming, RW AF Deming, Ross W. TI Chromotomography for a rotating-prism instrument using backprojection, then filtering SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LINEAR INVERSE PROBLEMS; DISCRETE-DATA AB A simple closed-form solution is derived for reconstructing a 3D spatial-chromatic image cube from a set of chromatically dispersed 2D image frames. The algorithm is tailored for a particular instrument in which the dispersion element is a matching set of mechanically rotated direct vision prisms positioned between a lens and a focal plane array. By using a linear operator formalism to derive the Tikhonov-regularized pseudoinverse operator, it is found that the unique minimum-norm solution is obtained by applying the adjoint operator, followed by 1D filtering with respect to the chromatic variable. Thus the filtering and backprojection (adjoint) steps are applied in reverse order relative to an existing method. Computational efficiency Is provided by use of the fast Fourier transform in the filtering step. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America C1 Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SHNE, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Deming, RW (reprint author), Anteon Corp, 5100 Springfield Pike,Suite 509, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM ross.deming@hanscom.af.mil NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 15 BP 2281 EP 2283 DI 10.1364/OL.31.002281 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 065QB UT WOS:000239173300013 PM 16832459 ER PT J AU Sukow, DW Gavrielides, A McLachlan, T Burner, G Amonette, J Miller, J AF Sukow, David W. Gavrielides, Athanasios McLachlan, Taylor Burner, Guinevere Amonette, Jake Miller, John TI Identity synchronization in diode lasers with unidirectional feedback and injection of rotated optical fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID COUPLED SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; CHAOS SYNCHRONIZATION; GENERALIZED SYNCHRONIZATION; DYNAMICS AB Identity synchronization is observed experimentally and numerically in the chaotic dynamics of a system of two unidirectionally coupled semiconductor lasers. The transmitter and receiver lasers are subjected to polarization-rotated optical feedback and injection, respectively. Numerical and analytical results show that identity synchronization requires parameter matching through a relationship between the injection and feedback strengths, and linewidth enhancement factors of the lasers. Inverse synchronization is also observed experimentally. C1 Washington & Lee Univ, Dept Phys & Engn, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate AFRL, DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Sukow, DW (reprint author), Washington & Lee Univ, Dept Phys & Engn, 204 W Washington St, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. EM sukowd@wlu.edu NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2006 VL 74 IS 2 AR 023812 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.023812 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 080HK UT WOS:000240238300133 ER PT J AU Pozhar, LA Yeates, AT Szmulowicz, F Mitchel, WC AF Pozhar, Liudmila A. Yeates, Alan T. Szmulowicz, Frank Mitchel, William C. TI Virtual synthesis of artificial molecules of In, Ga, and As with predesigned electronic properties using a self-consistent field method SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PYRAMIDAL QUANTUM DOTS; 3-DIMENSIONALLY CONFINED STRUCTURES; RENORMALIZED KINETIC-THEORY; COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; INHOMOGENEOUS FLUIDS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; STRAIN DISTRIBUTION; INVERTED PYRAMIDS; CLUSTERS AB A Hartree-Fock based (HF), multiconfiguration self-consistent field (MCSCF) method has been used to configure computationally several nonstoichiometric model pyramidal molecules of In, Ga, and As atoms with a predesigned electronic energy level structure. The geometry, structure, and composition of the molecules have been derived from those of the corresponding bulk lattices. Formation of the molecules under conditions mimicking vacuum and quantum confinement has been studied. The results prove that formation conditions affect the molecular parameters (such as the structure and bond length), thus causing significant effects (up to an order of magnitude) on the electronic properties of the molecules, including their charge and spin density distributions (CDDs and SDDs, respectively). The virtual (i.e., fundamental theory based, computational) synthesis of atomic-scale objects with predesigned physicochemical properties is a powerful method that can be used to develop electronic templates of artificial molecules, atomic clusters, small quantum dots (QDs), QD-based nanoheterostructures (NHSs), and other nanosystems of practical interest to guide their experimental realization. C1 Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Chem, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pozhar, LA (reprint author), Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Chem, 1906 Coll Hts Blvd, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. EM LPozhar@yahoo.com NR 99 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2006 VL 74 IS 8 AR 085306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.085306 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 080HQ UT WOS:000240238900051 ER PT J AU Tandon, GP Pochiraju, KV Schoeppner, GA AF Tandon, GP Pochiraju, KV Schoeppner, GA TI Modeling of oxidative development in PMR-15 resin SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE aging; degradation; durability; thermal oxidation ID ORGANIC MATRIX COMPOSITES; THERMAL-OXIDATION; POLYMERIC COMPOSITES; DEGRADATION AB A multidisciplinary approach focused on models and processes to predict the performance and life expectancy of high-temperature polymer matrix composite (HTPMC) materials used in a variety of aerospace applications is being developed. Emphasis is on the implementation and extension of hierarchical models to represent the polymer behavior/properties as a function of the degradation state. Neat resin specimens of high-temperature polyimide PMR-15 have been evaluated for various aging conditions. Characterization of the properties of the polyimide is focused on development of a constitutive law for use in a micromechanical analysis to predict the behavior of PMR-15 reinforced composites. Thermo-oxidative aging is simulated with a diffusion-reaction model in which temperature, oxygen concentration and weight loss effects are considered. One-dimensional simulations illustrate oxidative layer growth for neat resin specimens. Comparisons and correlations with experimental observations of oxidation layer growth are presented. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Nonmet Mat Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. AFRL, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tandon, GP (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Nonmet Mat Div, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM g.tandon@wpafb.af.mil OI Pochiraju, Kishore/0000-0002-0248-8658 NR 22 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 91 IS 8 BP 1861 EP 1869 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.11.008 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 055MR UT WOS:000238455300028 ER PT J AU Aliband, A Lenz, DW DuPois, J Alliston, K Storhaug, V Stevenson, LE Whitmer, T Cash, R Burns, D Stevenson, WTK AF Aliband, Amanda Lenz, Daniel W. DuPois, Jonathan Alliston, Kevin Storhaug, Vincent Stevenson, Laura E. Whitmer, Travis Cash, Rex Burns, Dennis Stevenson, William T. K. TI Epoxy paint failure in B-52 fuel tanks - Part I - Preliminary development of a model for the process SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Review DE JP-8; B-52; BMS10-39; epoxy paint; diethylene glycol monomethyl ether; DIEGME; fuel system icing inhibitors FSII ID IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENTS; COATING PERFORMANCE; MECHANISMS; ADHESION AB A small percentage of the protective interior topcoat in B-52 integral wing fuel tanks is failing. Two separate modes of failure are observed. On vertical surfaces, fragments of paint detached from the aluminum contain frozen in wrinkles, striations and channels. On the floor of the fuel tank, paint detached from the aluminum is flat and featureless. In this first communication, the BMS 10-39 epoxy paint is structurally characterized, with emphasis on the detection of elements of chemical degradation. A preliminary model is then developed for the delamination process operative on vertical surfaces, as supported by interactions of the coating with diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (DIEGME-a fuel system deicer used in military jet fuel) in high temperature distillates from JP-8 jet fuel; and for the delamination process operative on the floor of the fuel cell based on interactions of the paint with mixtures of water and DIEGME. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Wichita State Univ, Dept Chem, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. Boeing Mil Co, Boeing B52 Fleet Support, Wichita, KS 67277 USA. USAF, OC ALC, LHRH, Tinker AFB, OK 73145 USA. RP Stevenson, WTK (reprint author), Wichita State Univ, Dept Chem, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. EM bill.stevenson@wichita.edu NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 56 IS 4 BP 285 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2006.05.010 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 075EZ UT WOS:000239867800004 ER PT J AU Cotant, C Okulicz, JF Brezina, B Riley, DJ Conger, NG AF Cotant, Casey Okulicz, Jason F. Brezina, Barton Riley, Daniel J. Conger, Nicholas G. TI Human monocytic ehrlichiosis in a renal transplant patient SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; CHAFFEENSIS; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; RECIPIENT; PROTEINS AB Human ehrlichiosis is an emerging pathogen in immunocompromized patients, potentially leading to increased morbidity compared to immunocompetent patients. A high index of suspicion is imperative and early treatment with doxycycline can be life-saving. We report the case of an immunosuppressed renal transplant patient who was diagnosed with human monocytic ehrlichiosis and successfully treated with doxycycline. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Nephrol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Okulicz, JF (reprint author), 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1,Attn MMIM, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM jason.okulicz@lackland.af.mil NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 12 POSTHUSET, NO-0051 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0036-5548 J9 SCAND J INFECT DIS JI Scand. J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 38 IS 8 BP 699 EP 702 DI 10.1080/00365540500444694 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 065XB UT WOS:000239192300021 PM 16857619 ER PT J AU Jeffers, SA Baldwin, RO Mullins, BE AF Jeffers, Sean A. Baldwin, Rusty O. Mullins, Barry E. TI Accelerating missile threat simulations using personal computer graphics cards SO SIMULATION-TRANSACTIONS OF THE SOCIETY FOR MODELING AND SIMULATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE GPU; graphics processors; hardware assisted simulation; GPU algorithm AB The authors use inexpensive personal computer graphics cards to perform the intensive image-processing computations done in a heat-seeking missile's tracking systems and thereby dramatically reduce the execution time of missile threat simulations used by military mission planners. Using an innovative processing algorithm, these calculations are accomplished up to 3.5 times faster in graphic cards versus using a conventional CPU. Through a combination of this and other software optimizations, simulation time was reduced by 33%. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jeffers, SA (reprint author), USAF, Hickam AFB, HI 96818 USA. EM rusty.baldwin@afit.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0037-5497 J9 SIMUL-T SOC MOD SIM JI Simul.-Trans. Soc. Model. Simul. Int. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 82 IS 8 BP 549 EP 558 DI 10.1177/0037549706072047 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 110KJ UT WOS:000242377500005 ER PT J AU Polak, M Barnes, PN Levin, GA AF Polak, M. Barnes, P. N. Levin, G. A. TI YBCO/Ag boundary resistivity in YBCO tapes with metallic substrates SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTORS; CONDUCTORS; CONTACTS; LOSSES AB The quality of the contact between a YBCO layer and the protective silver coating is an important parameter affecting the current transfer between YBCO and the normal metal. We studied experimentally the quality of this contact in 6 mm wide YBCO-coated conductor with a critical current of similar to 60 A at 77 K. The measured current transfer length for the original sample of a YBCO-coated conductor covered by similar to 3 mu m thick silver and for the same sample additionally laminated by a 25 mu m thin copper layer was 0.19 and 0.47 mm, respectively. The contact resistivity determined from these experiments was between 3.7 x 10(-11) and 7.0 x 10(-12) Omega m(2). A direct measurement of the resistance between two overlapped tapes soldered by indium yielded values between 2.5 x 10(-12) and 5 x 10(-12) Omega m(2). The boundary resistance and current transfer length are important parameters for the design of the optimal tape architecture for coils and windings, especially for stability issues. C1 Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Elect Engn, Bratislava 84104, Slovakia. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Polak, M (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Elect Engn, Dubravska 9, Bratislava 84104, Slovakia. EM elekpola@savba.sk NR 10 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 19 IS 8 BP 817 EP 820 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/19/8/022 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 063NM UT WOS:000239025600026 ER PT J AU Fuentes, JM Hanly, EJ Aurora, AR De Maio, A Shih, SP Marohn, MR Talamini, MA AF Fuentes, J. M. Hanly, E. J. Aurora, A. R. De Maio, A. Shih, S. P. Marohn, M. R. Talamini, M. A. TI Laparoscopic surgery and the parasympathetic nervous system SO SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; vagus nerve; cholinergic; sepsis; pneumoperitoneum; minimally invasive surgery ID CARBON-DIOXIDE PNEUMOPERITONEUM; VENOUS GAS EMBOLISM; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; CO2 PNEUMOPERITONEUM; RAT MODEL; HELIUM; CHOLECYSTECTOMY; INSUFFLATION AB Background: Laparoscopic surgery preserves the immune system and has anti-inflammatory properties. CO(2) pneumoperitoneum attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine production and increases survival. We tested the hypothesis that CO(2) pneumoperitoneum mediates its immunomodulatory properties via stimulation of the cholinergic pathway. Method: In the first experiment, rats (n = 68) received atropine 1 mg/kg or saline injection 10 min prior to LPS injection and were randomization into four 30-min treatment subgroups: LPS only control, anesthesia control, CO(2) pneumoperitoneum, and helium pneumoperitoneum. In a second experiment, rats (n = 40) received atropine 2 mg/kg or saline 10 min prior to randomization into the same four subgroups described previously. In a third experiment, rats (n = 96) received atropine 2 mg/kg or saline 10 min prior to randomization into eight 30-min treatment subgroups followed by LPS injection: LPS only control; anesthesia control; and CO(2) or helium pneumoperitoneum at 4, 8, and 12 mmHg. In a fourth experiment, rats (n = 58) were subjected to bilateral subdiaphragmatic truncal vagotomy or sham operation. Two weeks postoperatively, animals were randomized into four 30-min treatment subgroups followed by LPS injection: LPS only control, anesthesia control, CO(2) pneumoperitoneum, and helium pneumoperitoneum. Blood samples were collected from all animals 1.5 h after LPS injection, and cytokine levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were consistently suppressed among the saline-CO(2) pneumoperitoneum groups compared to saline-LPS only control groups (p < 0.05 for all four experiments). All chemically vagotomized animals had significantly reduced TNF-a levels compared to their saline-treated counterparts (p < 0.05 for all), except among the CO(2) pneumoperitoneum-treated animals. Increasing insufflation pressure with helium eliminated differences (p < 0.05) in TNF-alpha production between saline- and atropine-treated groups but had no effect among CO(2) pneumoperitoneum-treated animals. Finally, vagotomy (whether chemical or surgical) independently decreased LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha production in all four experiments. Conclusion: CO(2) pneumoperitoneum modulates the immune system independent of the vagus nerve and the cholinergic pathway. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. RP Talamini, MA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, 600 N Wolfe St,Blalock 665, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01-GM062899-02] NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-2794 J9 SURG ENDOSC JI Surg. Endosc. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 20 IS 8 BP 1225 EP 1232 DI 10.1007/s00464-005-0280-9 PG 8 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 084WW UT WOS:000240566100009 PM 16865627 ER PT J AU Hussain, SM Javorina, AK Schrand, AM Duhart, HM Ali, SF Schlager, JJ AF Hussain, Saber M. Javorina, Amanda K. Schrand, Amanda M. Duhart, Helen M. Ali, Syed F. Schlager, John J. TI The interaction of manganese nanoparticles with PC-12 cells induces dopamine depletion SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE nanoparticles; manganese; in vitro toxicity; PC-12 cells; dopamine ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; PC12 CELLS; TOXICITY; BRAIN; NEUROTOXICITY; PREVENTION; MECHANISM; BINDING; ASSAY AB This investigation was designed to determine whether nano-sized manganese oxide (Mn-40nm) particles would induce dopamine (DA) depletion in a cultured neuronal phenotype, PC-12 cells, similar to free ionic manganese (Mn2+). Cells were exposed to Mn-40nm, Mn2+ (acetate), or known cytotoxic silver nanoparticles (Ag-15nm) for 24 h. Phase-contrast microscopy studies show that Mn-40nm or Mn2+ exposure did not greatly change morphology of PC-12 cells. However, Ag-15nm and AgNO3 produce cell shrinkage and irregular membrane borders compared to control cells. Further microscopic studies at higher resolution demonstrated that Mn-40nm nanoparticles and agglomerates were effectively internalized by PC-12 cells. Mitochondrial reduction activity, a sensitive measure of particle and metal cytotoxicity, showed only moderate toxicity for Mn-40nm compared to similar Ag-15nm and Mn2+ doses. Mn-40nm and Mn2+ dose dependently depleted DA and its metabolites, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), while Ag-15nm only significantly reduced DA and DOPAC at concentrations of 50 mu g/ml. Therefore, the DA depletion of Mn-40nm was most similar to Mn2+, which is known to induce concentration-dependent DA depletion. There was a significant increase (> 10-fold) in reactive oxygen species (ROS) with Mn-40nm exposure, suggesting that increased ROS levels may participate in DA depletion. These results clearly demonstrate that nanoscale manganese can deplete DA, DOPAC, and HVA in a dose-dependent manner. Further study is required to evaluate the specific intracellular distribution of Mn-40nm nanoparticles, metal dissolution rates in cells and cellular matrices, if DA depletion is induced in vivo, and the propensity of Mn nanoparticles to cross the blood-brain barrier or be selectively uptaken by nasal epithelium. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Neurochem Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Hussain, SM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. EM saber.hussain@wpafb.af.mil NR 27 TC 215 Z9 237 U1 6 U2 55 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 92 IS 2 BP 456 EP 463 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl020 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 061XN UT WOS:000238907300013 PM 16714391 ER PT J AU Zabinski, JS Bultman, JE Sanders, JH Hu, JJ AF Zabinski, J. S. Bultman, J. E. Sanders, J. H. Hu, J. J. TI Multi-environmental lubrication performance and lubrication mechanism of MoS(2)/Sb(2)O(3)/C composite films SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE molybdenum disulfide; antimony trioxide; graphite; burnish; composite film; multi-environment; lubrication; tribology ID MOS2 FILMS; TRIBOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE; MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; FRICTIONAL PROPERTIES; COATINGS; COMPACTS; SB2O3; WEAR AB MoS(2)-Sb(2)O(3)-C composite films exhibit adaptive behavior, where surface chemistry changes with environment to maintain the good friction and wear characteristics. In previous work on nanocomposite coatings grown by PVD, this type of material was called a "chameleon" coating. Coatings used in this report were applied by burnishing mixed powders of MoS(2), Sb(2)O(3) and graphite. The solid lubricant MoS(2) and graphite were selected to lubricate over a wide and complementary range including vacuum, dry air and humid air. Sb(2)O(3) was used as a dopant because it acts synergistically with MoS(2), improving friction and wear properties. The MoS(2)-Sb(2)O(3)-C composite films showed lower friction and longer wear life than either single component MoS(2) or C film in humid air. Very or even super low friction and long wear-life were observed in dry nitrogen and vacuum. The excellent tribological performance was verified and repeated in cycles between humid air and dry nitrogen. The formation of tribo-films at rubbing contacts was studied to identify the lubricating chemistry and microstructure, which varied with environmental conditions. Micro-Raman spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) were used to determine surface chemistry, while scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used for microstructural analysis. The tribological improvement and lubrication mechanism of MoS(2)-Sb(2)O(3)-C composite films were caused by enrichment of the active lubricant at the contact surface, alignment of the crystal orientation of the lubricant grains, and enrichment of the non lubricant materials below the surface. Sb(2)O(3), which is not lubricious, was covered by the active lubricants (MoS(2) - dry, C - humid air). Clearly, the dynamics of friction during environmental cycling cleaned some Sb(2)O(3) particles of one lubricant and coated it with the active lubricant for the specific environment. Mechanisms of lubrication and the role of the different materials will be discussed. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, ML,Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Hu, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, ML,Wright Patterson AFB, Bldg 654,2941 Hobson Way, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Jianjun.Hu@WPAFB.AF.MIL NR 25 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 23 IS 2 BP 155 EP 163 DI 10.1007/s11249-006-9057-0 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 087EC UT WOS:000240724500008 ER PT J AU Lyuksyutov, SF Paramonov, PB Mayevska, OV Reagan, MA Sancaktar, E Vaia, RA Juhl, S AF Lyuksyutov, S. F. Paramonov, P. B. Mayevska, O. V. Reagan, M. A. Sancaktar, E. Vaia, R. A. Juhl, S. TI Atomic force microscope tip spontaneous retraction from dielectric surfaces under applied electrostatic potential SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; water meniscus; electrostatic forces ID NANOLITHOGRAPHY AB A time-resolved method for tip' retraction at mu s-scale away from dielectric surfaces has been developed. Analysis of the forces in the system comprising AFM tip, water meniscus, and polymer film suggests that an electrostatic repulsion of the tip from the surface in the double-layered (water and polymer) system, and water condensation in the tip-surface junction are the dominant factors enabling the mechanical work for tip retraction. Nanostructures of 5-80nm height are formed in polymeric surfaces as a result. This interesting physical phenornenon could be used for nanostructures patterning in polymeric materials at enhanced aspect ratio. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Phys, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lyuksyutov, SF (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Phys, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM sfl@physics.uakron.edu RI Paramonov, Pavel/I-6090-2013; OI Paramonov, Pavel/0000-0002-3163-4319; Sancaktar, Erol/0000-0003-0165-587X NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 106 IS 10 BP 909 EP 913 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2006.04.002 PG 5 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 082OW UT WOS:000240397200003 PM 16781078 ER PT J AU Maus, S Rother, M Stolle, C Mai, W Choi, S Luhr, H Cooke, D Roth, C AF Maus, S. Rother, M. Stolle, C. Mai, W. Choi, S. Luehr, H. Cooke, D. Roth, C. TI Third generation of the Potsdam Magnetic Model of the Earth (POMME) SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE core field; crustal field; geomagnetic field; magnetospheric field; geomagnetism and paleomagnetism : spatial variations attributed to seafloor spreading (3005); geomagnetism and paleomagnetism : satellite magnetics : main field, crustal field, external field; geomagnetism and paleomagnetism : spatial variations : all harmonics and anomalies ID GEOMAGNETIC-FIELD; CHAMP SATELLITE AB The Potsdam Magnetic Model of the Earth (POMME) is a geomagnetic field model providing an estimate of the Earth's core, crustal, magnetospheric, and induced magnetic fields. The internal field is represented to spherical harmonic (SH) degree 90, while the secular variation and acceleration are given to SH degree 16. Static and time-varying magnetospheric fields are parameterized in Geocentric Solar-Magnetospheric (GSM) and Solar-Magnetic (SM) coordinates and include Disturbance Storm-Time (Dst index) and Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF-By) dependent contributions. The model was estimated from five years of CHAMP satellite magnetic data. All measurements were corrected for ocean tidal induction and night-side ionospheric F-region currents. The model is validated using an independent model from a combined data set of Orsted and SAC-C satellite measurements. For the core field to SH degree 13, the root mean square (RMS) vector difference between the two models at the center of the model period is smaller than 4 nT at the Earth's surface. The RMS uncertainty increases to about 100 nT for the predicted field in 2010, as inferred from the difference between the two models. C1 Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. NOAA EGC1, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. AER Radex Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. RP Maus, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM stefan.maus@noaa.gov; rother@gfz-potsdam.de NR 18 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JUL 25 PY 2006 VL 7 AR Q07008 DI 10.1029/2006GC001269 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 069ZG UT WOS:000239488400001 ER PT J AU Pettit, CL Beran, PS AF Pettit, CL Beran, PS TI Spectral and multiresolution Wiener expansions of oscillatory stochastic processes SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID SUPERSONIC FLUTTER; POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; UNCERTAINTY; RELIABILITY AB Wiener chaos expansions are being evaluated for the representation of stochastic variability in the response of nonlinear aeroelastic systems, which often exhibit limit cycles. Preliminary studies with a simple nonlinear aeroelastic computational model have shown that the standard non-intrusive Wiener Hermite expansion fails to maintain time accuracy as the simulation evolves. Wiener-Hermite expansions faithfully reproduce the short-term characteristics of the process but consistently lose energy after several mean periods of oscillation. This energy loss remains even for very high-order expansions. To uncover the cause of this energy loss and to explore potential remedies, the more elementary problem of a sinusoid with random frequency is used herein to simulate the periodic response of an uncertain system. As time progresses, coefficients of the higher order terms in both the Wiener-Hermite and Wiener-Legendre expansions successively gain and lose dominance over the lower-order coefficients in a manner that causes any fixed-order expansion in terms of global basis functions to fail over a simulation time of sufficient duration. This characteristic behavior is attributed to the continually increasing frequency of the process in the random dimension. The recently developed Wiener-Haar expansion is found to almost entirely eliminate the loss of energy at large times, both for the sinusoidal process and for the response of a two degree-of-freedom nonlinear system, which is examined as a prelude to the stochastic simulation of aeroelastic limit cycles. It is also found that Mallat's pyramid algorithm is more efficient and accurate for evaluating Wiener-Haar expansion coefficients than Monte Carlo simulation or numerical quadrature. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pettit, CL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM pettitcl@usna.edu; philip.beran@wpafb.af.mil RI Pettit, Chris/A-1073-2010 NR 27 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD JUL 25 PY 2006 VL 294 IS 4-5 BP 752 EP 779 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2005.12.043 PG 28 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 054EI UT WOS:000238359200006 ER PT J AU Tewari, A Spowart, JE Gokhale, AM Mishra, RS Miracle, DB AF Tewari, A. Spowart, J. E. Gokhale, A. M. Mishra, R. S. Miracle, D. B. TI Characterization of the effects of friction stir processing on microstructural changes in DRA composites SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE discontinuously-reinforced aluminum; microstructural heterogeneity; friction-stir processing ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITE; HETEROGENEOUS MATERIALS; PREDICTING PROPERTIES; TENSILE BEHAVIOR; VOLUME FRACTION; SCATTERING; PARTICLES; FRACTURE; SOLIDS; DAMAGE AB The effect of friction stir processing (FSP) on the spatial homogeneity of SiC particles in discontinuously reinforced aluminum (DRA) metal matrix composites is investigated. DRA composites were produced with microstructures having controlled degrees of clustering, by carefully varying the particle size ratios (PSR) of the powders used in their fabrication. In this contribution, the spatial heterogeneity of these DRA microstructures is characterized by careful measurement of statistical two-point correlation functions and also via the multi-scalar analysis of area fractions (MSAAF) technique, at length scales up to 1 mm, by the use of high-resolution, large-area image montaging. These complimentary techniques yield similar results for the spatial heterogeneity of the DRA materials, both before and after FSP. The microstructural data suggest that significant microstructural modifications are imparted by FSP, including reductions in the measured spatial heterogeneity and microstructural anisotropy, as well as re-orientation of the reinforcement particles due to the stirring action. These microstructural modifications have a strong influence on the experimentally-measured tensile strengths and ductilities of the DRA composites. A general relationship exists between the measured tensile ductility and the microstructural parameters of homogeneous length scale (L-H) and cluster size (d(clus)), independent of the DRA processing history. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. GM R&D & Strateg Planning, India Sci Lab, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Met Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Spowart, JE (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Bldg 655,2230 10th St,Ste 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jonathan.Spowart@wpafb.af.mil RI Mishra, Rajiv/A-7985-2009 OI Mishra, Rajiv/0000-0002-1699-0614 NR 31 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 25 PY 2006 VL 428 IS 1-2 BP 80 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.04.106 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 068UF UT WOS:000239399300012 ER PT J AU Carlson, HC Goretta, KC AF Carlson, Herbert C. Goretta, K. C. TI Basic materials research programs at the USAir Force Office of Scientific Research SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Materials for Advanced Technologies/9th International Conference on Advanced Materials CY JUL 03-08, 2005 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP Int Union Mat Res Soc, Mat Res Soc Singapore, Suntec Int Convent & Exhibit Ctr DE ceramics; laser processing; metals; optical properties ID IMPERFECT INTERFACE; DEFORMATION MECHANISMS; NEGATIVE-INDEX; COMPOSITES; LASERS; TEMPERATURES; CERAMICS; CRYSTAL; MEDIA AB The Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) annually sponsors approximately 5000 research scientists at 1000 universities and laboratories, generating about 10,000 Ph.D. graduates per decade, all expected to publish their basic research findings in peer-reviewed journals. After a brief introduction of the nature of AFOSR's support to basic research in the U.S. and international scientific communities, work it supports at the frontiers of materials science is highlighted. One focused research theme that drives our investment is the MEANS program. It begins with the end in mind; materials are designed with practicable manufacture as an explicit initial goal. AFOSR's broad research portfolio comprises many materials. Nanotechnology efforts include optical materials that reduce distortion to the scale of the nanoparticles themselves. Advances in semiconductors include breakthroughs in Group III nitrides, some of which emanated from Asia under sponsorship from AFOSR's Asian office. Advances in structural materials include those for use at ultra-high temperatures and self-healing composites. The growing role of high-performance computing in design and study of functional, biological, and structural materials is also discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Carlson, HC (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM herb.carlson@afosr.af.mil NR 27 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD JUL 25 PY 2006 VL 132 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 2 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.mseb.2006.02.054 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 079BC UT WOS:000240149500002 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Baek, JB Tan, LS AF Wang, David H. Baek, Jong-Beom Tan, Loon-Seng TI Grafting of vapor-grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNF) with a hyperbranched poly (ether-ketone) SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Materials for Advanced Technologies/9th International Conference on Advanced Materials CY JUL 03-08, 2005 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP Int Union Mat Res Soc, Mat Res Soc Singapore, Suntec Int Convent & Exhibit Ctr DE polycondensation; acidic medium; polyetherketones; carbon nanofibers ID ACID AB An in-situ polymerization of an A(2)B monomer, 5-phenoxyisophthalic acid, in the presence of various amounts (5, 10 and 20 wt%) of vapor-grown carbon nanofibers; (VGCNF) was carried out in poly(phosphoric acid)/phosphorus pentoxide (PPA/P2O5; 1:4, w/w) medium. 5-Phenoxyisophthalic acid polymerizes via Friedel-Crafts acylation in PPA to form a CO2H-terminated hyperbranched poly(ether-ketone) or HPB-PEK. The resulting (HPB-PEK)-g-VGCNF composites were not soluble in dichlorobenzene or toluene, but also showed significant solubility in polar solvents such as NMP, DMF, DMAC, ethanol, and significantly higher solubility in ethanol/triethylamine mixture or in aqueous ammonia solution, apparently stemming from the ionization of the numerous surface CO2H groups. This is in contrast to the nanocomposites derived from VGCNF grafted with a linear meta-poly(ether-ketone), mPEK, with 1-10wt% VGCNF content that have much lower solubility in these polar solvents but are more soluble in methanesulfonic acid [J.-B. Baek, C.B. Lyons, L.-S. Tan, Macromolecules 37 (2004) 8278]. The overall evidence based on the data from elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) as well as scanning electron microscopy of the resulting materials implicates that under our reaction conditions, HPB-PEK was grafted to the surfaces of VGCNF resulting in the formation of highly coated nanofibers. TGA data also support that VGCNF has remained more or less structurally intact under the mildly acidic, relatively high-shearing and hot polymerization conditions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Polymer Branch, MLBP, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Ind Chem, Chungbuk 361763, South Korea. RP Tan, LS (reprint author), USAF, Polymer Branch, MLBP, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM loon-seng.tan@wpafb.af.mil RI Wang, David/F-7492-2013; Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Wang, David/0000-0001-6710-7265; Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD JUL 25 PY 2006 VL 132 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 103 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.mseb.2006.02.039 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 079BC UT WOS:000240149500019 ER PT J AU Evans, DR Basun, SA Cook, G Meltzer, RS AF Evans, D. R. Basun, S. A. Cook, G. Meltzer, R. S. TI Role of delocalized charges in the pyroelectric effect SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INSTABILITIES; LINBO3-FE; CRYSTALS AB The temperature dependence of the pyroelectric effect is investigated. An increase in dark conductivity resulting from either trap depopulation or proton migration is shown to suppress the pyroelectric-generated high voltage. Electrically shorting crystal z surfaces coated with a transparent conductive layer is shown to be effective in eliminating the breakdown of the surface charge in air and thus provides a means to study weak thermoluminescence in pyroelectric crystals. In addition, a new method to measure proton migration and dark conductivity is proposed; a direct correlation between the emitted light intensity resulting from ionization of air and the pyroelectric current is observed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Evans, DR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dean.evans@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 24 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 4 AR 041104 DI 10.1063/1.2234565 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 068LV UT WOS:000239376500004 ER PT J AU Kahler, S Ragot, BR AF Kahler, S. Ragot, B. R. TI Near-relativistic electron c/v onset plots SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE interplanetary medium; scattering; Sun : particle emission; Sun : radio radiation ID ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS; PITCH-ANGLE SCATTERING; MAGNETIC-FIELD LINES; III RADIO-BURSTS; COSMIC-RAY EVENT; SOLAR HE-3-RICH EVENTS; WIND SPACECRAFT; ACCELERATION; PROTONS; INJECTION AB It is often assumed that the first arriving electrons of a near-relativistic (E > 30 keV) electron event are injected at the Sun impulsively and simultaneously at all observed energies and propagate scatter-free to 1 AU. In that case, a plot of the onset times T(0) versus c/v for various electron speeds v should yield the solar injection time T(inj) and the propagation distance D. In some electron events D similar to 1: 2 AU, but the inferred injection times are characteristically delayed by similar to 10 minutes after the start of metric/decametric type III radio bursts believed to be signatures of electron injection. The delays may indicate electron injections not directly associated with the type III bursts, but the delays could also result from gradual or energy-dependent injections or from significant coronal/interplanetary electron scattering, even for well-beamed events. These effects could invalidate the c/v plot analyses. We use Wind 3D Plasma and Energetic Particle (3DP) electron data to make c/v onset plots for 80 near-relativistic solar electron events to test for the consistency of the inferred values of D, which are found to be broadly distributed between 0.15 and 2.7 AU. In most cases D < 1 AU, an unphysical result partially due to instrumental effects in the high-energy 3DP detector, but also clearly inconsistent with the assumptions of impulsive and energy-independent injection onsets and scatter-free propagation of the electrons. We also discuss how previous results from c/v plot analyses have yielded contradictory and/or challenging injection results for the near-relativistic electrons as well as for gradual and impulsive solar energetic ion events. C1 AF Res Lab, VSBXS, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Helio Res, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. RP Kahler, S (reprint author), AF Res Lab, VSBXS, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM stephen.kahler@hanscom.af.mil NR 53 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2006 VL 646 IS 1 BP 634 EP 641 DI 10.1086/504674 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072AL UT WOS:000239644900054 ER PT J AU Michalsky, JJ Anderson, GP Barnard, J Delamere, J Gueymard, C Kato, S Kiedron, P McComiskey, A Ricchiazzi, P AF Michalsky, J. J. Anderson, G. P. Barnard, J. Delamere, J. Gueymard, C. Kato, S. Kiedron, P. McComiskey, A. Ricchiazzi, P. TI Shortwave radiative closure studies for clear skies during the atmospheric radiation measurement 2003 aerosol intensive observation period SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CLOUD-FREE SKIES; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; OPTICAL DEPTH; SOLAR-RADIATION; THERMAL OFFSET; IRRADIANCE; SURFACE; MODELS; TRANSMITTANCE; PYRANOMETERS AB [ 1] The Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement ( ARM) program sponsored a large aerosol intensive observation period (AIOP) to study aerosol during the month of May 2003 around the Southern Great Plains (SGP) Climate Research Facility (CRF) in north central Oklahoma. Redundant measurements of aerosol optical properties were made using different techniques at the surface as well as in vertical profile with sensors aboard two aircraft. One of the principal motivations for this experiment was to resolve the disagreement between models and measurements of diffuse horizontal broadband shortwave irradiance at the surface, especially for modest aerosol loading. This paper focuses on using the redundant aerosol and radiation measurements during this AIOP to compare direct beam and diffuse horizontal broadband shortwave irradiance measurements and models at the surface for a wide range of aerosol cases that occurred during 30 clear-sky periods on 13 days of May 2003. Models and measurements are compared over a large range of solar-zenith angles. Six different models are used to assess the relative agreement among them and the measurements. Better agreement than previously achieved appears to be the result of better specification of input parameters and better measurements of irradiances than in prior studies. Biases between modeled and measured direct irradiances are in the worst case 1%, and biases between modeled and measured diffuse irradiances are less than 1.9%. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Battlespace Surveillance Innovat Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. Solar Consulting Serv Inc, Colebrook, NH 03576 USA. Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Michalsky, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM joseph.michalsky@noaa.gov; gail.anderson@noaa.gov; james.barnard@pnl.gov; jdelamer@aer.com; chris@solarconsultingservices.com; s.kato@larc.nasa.gov; kiedron@asrc.cestm.albany.edu; allison.mc-comiskey@noaa.gov; paul@icess.ucsb.edu RI McComiskey, Allison/I-3933-2013 OI McComiskey, Allison/0000-0002-6125-742X NR 47 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 20 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D14 AR D14S90 DI 10.1029/2005JD006341 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 071DS UT WOS:000239578900001 ER PT J AU Pryse, SE Kersley, L Malan, D Bishop, GJ AF Pryse, S. E. Kersley, L. Malan, D. Bishop, G. J. TI Parameterization of the main ionospheric trough in the European sector SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MID-LATITUDE TROUGH; ELECTRON-DENSITY; TOMOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES; RADIO; MIDLATITUDE; REGION AB [ 1] Measurements of total electron content, obtained by monitoring satellite transmissions at stations in the United Kingdom during a period of 12 months, have been used to characterize the structure and dynamics of the main ionospheric trough in terms of a set of defined parameters. The primary aim of the investigation was to represent the position and shape of the trough in such a way that the experimental observations can be used for direct comparison and validation of ionospheric models. C1 Univ Wales, Inst Math & Phys Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Dyfed, Wales. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Pryse, SE (reprint author), Univ Wales, Inst Math & Phys Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Dyfed, Wales. EM sep@aber.ac.uk NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JUL 19 PY 2006 VL 41 IS 5 AR RS5S14 DI 10.1029/2005RS003364 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 071FB UT WOS:000239582700001 ER PT J AU Paramonov, PB Lyuksyutov, SF Mayevska, OV Reagan, MA Umemura, K Tobari, H Hara, M Vaia, RA Juhl, S AF Paramonov, Pavel B. Lyuksyutov, Sergei F. Mayevska, Olga V. Reagan, Michael A. Umemura, Kazuo Tobari, Hiroaki Hara, Masahiko Vaia, Richard A. Juhl, Shane TI Rearrangements in an alkylthiolate self-assembled monolayer using electrostatic interactions between nanoscale asperity and organomercaptan molecules SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; ALKANETHIOL MONOLAYERS; NANOLITHOGRAPHY; LITHOGRAPHY; FABRICATION; OLIGOMERS AB Chemically induced rearrangements of amphifunctional molecules have been demonstrated using strong nonuniform electric fields (10(8)-10(10)V m(-1)) induced in the vicinity of nanoscale asperities. Electrostatic interactions utilizing these rearrangements of alkylthiolates assembled on Au(111) result in the nanopatterning of raised nanostructure (1.5-9 nm high, 15-100 nm wide) arrays on a second time scale by manipulating an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip above the monolayer. It is suspected that, as a result of the oxidative cleavage initiated by a weak bias of the tip, the S end of the alkylthiolate chain carrying a sulfenium cation is attracted to the (lifting) tip, forming bi- and higher-layer structures in the vicinity of the tip apex. Stabilization of the multiple-layered structures is accomplished via mutual attraction and entanglement of hydrocarbon chains. The rearrangements suggest a novel and general approach for nanoscale architecture in self-assembled systems. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Phys, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Chem, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Musashi Inst Technol, Dept Environm Energy Engn, Tokyo 1588577, Japan. RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lyuksyutov, SF (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Phys, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM sfl@physics.uakron.edu RI Paramonov, Pavel/I-6090-2013 OI Paramonov, Pavel/0000-0002-3163-4319 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 18 PY 2006 VL 22 IS 15 BP 6555 EP 6561 DI 10.1021/la0532858 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 062DY UT WOS:000238926000016 PM 16830997 ER PT J AU Parra, FI Ahedo, E Fife, JM Martinez-Sanchez, M AF Parra, F. I. Ahedo, E. Fife, J. M. Martinez-Sanchez, M. TI A two-dimensional hybrid model of the Hall thruster discharge SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STATIONARY PLASMA THRUSTERS; ELECTRON EMISSION; DENSITY; FLOW; WALL AB Particle-in-cell methods are used for ions and neutrals. Probabilistic methods are implemented for ionization, charge-exchange collisions, gas injection, and particle-wall interaction. A diffusive macroscopic model is proposed for the strongly magnetized electron population. Cross-field electron transport includes wall collisionality and Bohm-type diffusion, the last one dominating in most of the discharge. Plasma quasineutrality applies except for space-charge sheaths, which are modeled taking into consideration secondary-electron-emission and space-charge saturation. Specific weighting algorithms are developed in order to fulfil the Bohm condition on the ion flow at the boundaries of the quasineutral domain. The consequence is the full development of the radial plasma structure and correct values for ion losses at lateral walls. The model gains in insight and physical consistency over a previous version, but thrust efficiency is lower than in experiments, indicating that further model refinement of some phenomena is necessary. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Politecn Madrid, Escuela Tecn Super Ingn Aeronaut, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. USAF, Res Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Parra, FI (reprint author), MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM fparra@mit.edu; eduardo.ahedo@upm.es; mfife@exponent.com; mmart@mit.edu RI Parra, Felix I./C-1442-2012; OI Parra, Felix I./0000-0001-9621-7404; AHEDO, EDUARDO/0000-0003-2148-4553 NR 40 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 2 AR 023304 DI 10.1063/1.2219165 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 069CR UT WOS:000239423400025 ER PT J AU Singh, B Sariciftci, NS Grote, JG Hopkins, FK AF Singh, Birendra Sariciftci, Niyazi Serdar Grote, James G. Hopkins, Frank K. TI Bio-organic-semiconductor-field-effect-transistor based on deoxyribonucleic acid gate dielectric SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; DNA PHOTONICS; DISPLAYS; VOLTAGE; TEMPERATURE; RESISTANCE; LAYERS; PAPER AB Organic-based field-effect transistors (OFETs) utilize organic semiconductor materials with low electron mobilities and organic gate oxide materials with low dielectric constants. These have rendered devices with slow operating speeds and high operating voltages, compared with their inorganic silicon-based counter parts. Using a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based biopolymer, derived from salmon milt and roe sac waste by-products, for the gate dielectric region, we have fabricated an OFET device that exhibits very promising current-voltage characteristics compared with using other organic-based dielectrics. With minimal optimization, using a thin film of DNA-based biopolymer as the gate insulator and pentacene as the semiconductor, we have demonstrated a bio-organic-FET, or BiOFET, in which the current was modulated over three orders of magnitude using gate voltages less than 10 V. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, LIOS, A-4040 Linz, Austria. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Singh, B (reprint author), Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, LIOS, A-4040 Linz, Austria. EM james.grote@wpafb.af.mil RI Singh, Birendra/H-1595-2011 NR 32 TC 97 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 2 AR 024514 DI 10.1063/1.2220488 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 069CR UT WOS:000239423400140 ER PT J AU Cai, D Zheng, LL Zhang, H Tassev, VL Bliss, DF AF Cai, D. Zheng, L. L. Zhang, H. Tassev, V. L. Bliss, D. F. TI Modeling of gas phase and surface reactions in an aluminum nitride growth system SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE computer simulation; gas-phase reaction; halide vapor transport epitaxy reactor; chemical vapor deposition process; semiconducting aluminum nitride ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ALCL3-NH3 MIXTURES; TRANSPORT EPITAXY; A1N FILMS; ALN; ORIENTATION; MORPHOLOGY; REACTOR AB This paper presents systematic study of an improved vapor-phase expitaxy system-a halide vapor transport epitaxy (HVTE) system [D.F. Bliss, V.L. Tassev, D. Weyburne, J.S. Bailey, J. Crystal Growth 250 (2003) 1]. A numerical model has been developed, which is capable of describing multi-component fluid flow, gas/surface chemistry, conjugate heat transfer, and species transport, and it has been applied to the HVTE system for optimal design. The investigation has been conducted to study the effects of the gas-phase reactions, the reactor wall deposition, the adduct boat and the three-zone furnace temperature, the carrier gas flow rate and the distance between the adduct boat and the substrate on the aluminum nitride deposition rate/deposition uniformity. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mech Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01732 USA. RP Cai, D (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mech Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. EM dcai@ic.sunysb.edu NR 15 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 293 IS 1 BP 136 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.04.093 PG 10 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 073AU UT WOS:000239715400026 ER PT J AU Park, SY Moon, SC Venkatasubramanian, N Dang, TD Lee, JW Farmer, BL AF Park, Soo-Young Moon, Sang-Cheol Venkatasubramanian, N. Dang, Thuy D. Lee, Jar-Wha Farmer, B. L. TI The synthesis, characterization, and crystal structures of poly(2,6-naphthalenebenzobisoxazole) and poly(1,5-naphthalenebenzobisoxazole) SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE crystal structure; poly(1,5-naphthalenebenzobisoxazole); poly(2,6-naphthalenebenzobisoxazole); rigid-rod polymer; X-ray ID RIGID-ROD POLYMERS; PARA-AROMATIC POLYMERS; NONPLANAR CONFORMATIONS; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; MAIN CHAIN; POLY(PARA-PHENYLENEBENZOBISOXAZOLE); DISORDER; FIBERS; UNITS AB The rigid-rod polymers, poly(2,6-naphthalenebenzobisoxazole) (Naph-2,6PBO) and poly(1,5-naphthalenebenzobisoxazole) (Naph-1,5-PBO) were synthesized by high temperature polycondensation of isomeric naphthalene dicarboxylic acids with 4,6-diaminoresorcinol. dihydrochloride in polyphosphoric acid. Expectedly, these polymers were found to have high thermal as well as thermooxidative stabilities, similar to what has been reported for other polymers of this class. The chain conformations of Naph-2,6-PBO and Naph-1,5-PBO were trans and the crystal structures of Naph-2,6-PBO and Naph-1,5-PBO were trams and the crystal structures of Naph-2,6-PBO had the three-dimensional order, although the axial disorder existed for both Naph-2,6-PBO and Naph-1,5-PBO. Naph-2,6-PBO exhibited a more pronounced axial disorder than Naph-1,5-PBO because of its more linear shape. The repeat unit distance for Naph-2,6-PBO (14.15 angstrom) was found to be larger compared with of Naph1,5-PBO (12.45 angstrom) because of the more kinked structure of the latter. The extents of staggering between the adjacent chains in the ac projection of the crystal structure were 0.25c and 0.23c for Naph-2,6-PBO and Naph-1,5-PBO, respectively. Naph-1,5-PBO has a more kinked and twisted chain structure relative to Naph-2,6-PBO. The kinked and twisted chain structure of Naph-1,5-PBO in the crystal seems to prevent slippage between adjacent chains in the crystal structure. The more perfect crystal structure of Naph-1,5-PBO may be due to this difficulty in the occurrence of the slippage. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Polymer Sci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Technol Directorate, MLBP, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Syscom Technol Inc, Hilliard, OH 43026 USA. RP Park, SY (reprint author), Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Polymer Sci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. EM psy@knu.ac.kr NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 44 IS 14 BP 1948 EP 1957 DI 10.1002/polb.20851 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 061UR UT WOS:000238898800004 ER PT J AU Silverberg, MJ Wegner, SA Milazzo, MJ McKaig, RG Williams, CF Agan, BK Armstrong, AW Gange, SJ Hawkes, C O'Connell, RJ Ahuja, SK Dolan, MJ AF Silverberg, Michael J. Wegner, Scott A. Milazzo, Mark J. McKaig, Rosemary G. Williams, Carolyn F. Agan, Brian K. Armstrong, Adam W. Gange, Stephen J. Hawkes, Clifton O'Connell, Robert J. Ahuja, Sunil K. Dolan, Matthew J. CA Tri-Service AIDS Clinical TI Effectiveness of highly-active antiretroviral therapy by race/ethnicity SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE highly-active antiretroviral therapy; survival; AIDS; race/ethnicity; HIV seroconversion; effectiveness ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; POPULATION EFFECTIVENESS; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; AIDS PROGRESSION; GENE VARIANTS; HIV DISEASE; DRUG-USE; CCR5; RACE AB Objective: To determine the effectiveness of HAART by race/ethnicity. Design: Prospective multicenter cohort study. Methods: We studied 991 African-Americans and 911 European-Americans enrolled in the United States Military's Tri-Service AIDS Clinical Consortium Natural History Study who had dates of HIV seroconversion known within 5 years and followed between 1990 and 2002. We determined the rate of disease progression to AIDS and death for subjects in this cohort. Multivariable models evaluated race, pre-HAART (1990-1995) and HAART (1996-2002) eras, age, gender and military service. Results: In the pre-HAART era, African-Americans had a statistically nonsignificant trend towards better outcomes: the relative hazards (RH) of AIDS and death for African-Americans compared to European-Americans were 0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.68-1.051 and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.55-1.08), respectively. In the HAART era, outcomes were similar by race: 1.17 (95% CI, 0.86-1.61) for AIDS and 1.11 (95% CI, 0.81-1.53) for death with overlapping Kaplan-Meier curves. Relative to the pre-HAART era, the adjusted RH of AIDS in the HAART era was 0.41 (95% CI, 0.31-0.54) and 0.30 (95% CI, 0.22-0.40) for African-American and European-American participants, respectively. Analogous RH for death were 0.55 (95% CI, 0.38-0.80) and 0.38 (95% CI, 0.27-0.54). The precipitous declines in AIDS and death in the HAART era were not statistically different by race. Conclusions: In a large multi-racial cohort with equal access to health care, HIV treatment outcomes by race/ethnicity were similar. (c) 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. TACC, NHS, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIAID, Epidemiol Branch, Div AIDS, NIH,DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Vet Adm Res Ctr Aids & HIV 1 Infect, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas Hlth Ctr, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX USA. Def Inst Med Operat, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Dolan, MJ (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM Matthew.Dolan@brooks.af.mil OI Gange, Stephen/0000-0001-7842-512X; Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01-AI-42590] NR 37 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL 13 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 11 BP 1531 EP 1538 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000237369.41617.0f PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 076VE UT WOS:000239985400008 PM 16847408 ER PT J AU Fernandez, AI Viggiano, AA Troe, J AF Fernandez, Abel I. Viggiano, A. A. Troe, J. TI Two-channel dissociation of chemically and thermally activated n-butylbenzene cations (C10H14+) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ION FLOW TUBE; COLLISIONAL RELAXATION; MOLECULAR ION; UNIMOLECULAR REACTIONS; INTERNAL ENERGY; CHARGE-TRANSFER; KINETIC SHIFTS; PHOTODISSOCIATION; PRESSURE; ETHYLBENZENE AB The charge-transfer reaction O-2(+) + n-butylbenzene (C10H14) -> O-2 + C10H14+* was studied in a turbulent ion flow tube at temperatures between 423 and 548 K and pressures between 15 and 250 Torr in the buffer gases He and N-2. Under chemical activation conditions stabilization vs dissociation ratios S/D of vibrationally highly excited C10H14+* as well as branching ratios of the fragments C7H7+ (m/z = 91) vs C7H8 + (m/z = 92) of the dissociation of C10H14+* were measured. Under thermal activation conditions, the rate constant of the dominating dissociation channel 92 was measured at 498 and 523 K. Employing information on the specific rate constants k(E) of the two channels 91 and 92 and on collisional energy transfer rates from the literature, the measured S/D curves and branching ratios 91/92 could be modeled well. It is demonstrated that the charge transfer occurs approximately equally through resonant transfer and complex-forming transfer. The thermal dissociation experiments provide a high precision value of the energy barrier for the channel 92, being 1.14 (+/- 0.02) eV. C1 AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Goettingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM albert.viggiano@hanscom.af.mil NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 13 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 27 BP 8467 EP 8476 DI 10.1021/jp056846c PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 060MF UT WOS:000238805600024 PM 16821830 ER PT J AU Putthanarat, S Eby, RK Kataphinan, W Jones, S Naik, R Reneker, DH Farmer, BL AF Putthanarat, S. Eby, R. K. Kataphinan, W. Jones, S. Naik, R. Reneker, D. H. Farmer, B. L. TI Electrospun Bombyx mori gland silk SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE GFP; electrospun gland silk; non-linear optical properties ID PROTEIN; PURIFICATION; EXTRACTION; NANOFIBERS AB Solutions of Bombyx mori gland silk can be electrospun with the addition of some polyethylene oxide (PEO). Green fluorescent protein (GFP) can also be incorporated and electrospun without apparent phase separation from the silk. The dimensions of the fibers with and without the GFP are qualitatively similar. The results indicate the possibility of making fibers with uniform non-linear optical properties. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Akron, Inst Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eby, RK (reprint author), Univ Akron, Inst Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM reby@uakron.edu NR 6 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUL 12 PY 2006 VL 47 IS 15 BP 5630 EP 5632 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.06.130 PG 3 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 072AC UT WOS:000239644000049 ER PT J AU Bogdanov, EA DeJoseph, CA Demidov, VI Kudryavtsev, AA AF Bogdanov, E. A. DeJoseph, C. A., Jr. Demidov, V. I. Kudryavtsev, A. A. TI Effect of electron detachment on the wall potential and plasma evolution in the afterglow stage SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISCHARGE; MODELS AB It is demonstrated that detachment of electrons in the afterglow of an electronegative plasma can lead to a significant increase in negative wall potential with respect to the plasma potential. This effect can be used to modify the near-wall sheath electric field and thickness, which are important for plasma processing applications. Also in the afterglow, this effect can lead to an increase in electron density with time, and a reduction (up to total exclusion) in diffusion cooling of electrons and can thus be used to modify the electron temperature. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Opt & Spect, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Bogdanov, EA (reprint author), St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Opt & Spect, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. EM charies.dejoseph@wpafb.af.mil RI Demidov, Vladimir/A-4247-2013; Bogdanov, Evgeny/I-3232-2012; Kudryavtsev, Anatoly/I-3413-2012 OI Demidov, Vladimir/0000-0002-2672-7684; Bogdanov, Evgeny/0000-0002-3397-3162; Kudryavtsev, Anatoly/0000-0002-2232-2954 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 AR 021501 DI 10.1063/1.2220005 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 074DO UT WOS:000239793100017 ER PT J AU Zhong, Y Wong, KS Zhang, W Look, DC AF Zhong, Yongchun Wong, Kam Sing Zhang, Weili Look, D. C. TI Radiative recombination and ultralong exciton photoluminescence lifetime in GaN freestanding film via two-photon excitation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; TIME-RESOLVED PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; MOLECULAR-BEAM-EPITAXY; CARRIER LIFETIME; QUANTUM-WELLS; LUMINESCENCE; GAAS; BULK; TEMPERATURE; DEPOSITION AB We have measured the photoluminescence (PL) lifetime of a freestanding GaN film using one-photon and two-photon excitations to demonstrate the dramatic difference in exciton recombination dynamics at the surface and in the bulk. An ultralong exciton PL lifetime of 17.2 ns at 295 K is observed from a GaN freestanding film using two-photon excitation, whereas less than 100 ps lifetime is observed for one-photon excitation, suggesting that nonradiative processes from surface defects account for the short PL lifetime measured. A monotonic increase in two-photon excited PL lifetime with increasing temperature and the linear dependence of the exciton lifetime with emission wavelength show good agreement with the theoretical predictions, indicating that radiative recombination dominates for bulk excited state relaxation processes. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wong, KS (reprint author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM phkswong@ust.hk RI Zhang, Weili/C-5416-2011; OI Zhang, Weili/0000-0002-8591-0200; Zhong, Yongchun/0000-0001-9919-1430 NR 27 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 AR 022108 DI 10.1063/1.2219399 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 074DO UT WOS:000239793100048 ER PT J AU Sloan, GC Kraemer, KE Matsuura, M Wood, PR Price, SD Egan, MP AF Sloan, G. C. Kraemer, K. E. Matsuura, M. Wood, P. R. Price, S. D. Egan, M. P. TI Mid-infrared spectroscopy of carbon stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; infrared : stars; Magellanic Clouds; stars : carbon ID ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; B-TYPE SUPERGIANTS; AGB STARS; ISO-SWS; INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH; EMISSION FEATURE AB We have observed a sample of 36 objects in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) with the Infrared Spectrometer on the Spitzer Space Telescope. Nineteen of these sources are carbon stars. An examination of the near- and mid-infrared photometry shows that the carbon-rich and oxygen-rich dust sources follow two easily separated sequences. A comparison of the spectra of the 19 carbon stars in the SMC to spectra from the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) of carbon stars in the Galaxy reveals significant differences. The absorption bands at 7.5 and 13.7 mu m due to C(2)H(2) are stronger in the SMC sample, and the SiC dust emission feature at 11.3 mu m is weaker. Our measurements of the MgS dust emission feature at 26-30 mu m are less conclusive, but this feature appears to be weaker in the SMC sample as well. All of these results are consistent with the lower metallicity in the SMC. The lower abundance of SiC grains in the SMC may result in less efficient carbon-rich dust production, which could explain the excess C(2)H(2) gas seen in the spectra. The sources in the SMC with the strongest SiC dust emission tend to have redder infrared colors than the other sources in the sample, which implies more amorphous carbon, and they also tend to show stronger MgS dust emission. The weakest SiC emission features tend to be shifted to the blue; these spectra may arise from low-density shells with large SiC grains. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Space Vehicles Directorate, AF Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Phys & Astron, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Space Vehicles Directorate, AF Res Lab, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. RP Sloan, GC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM sloan@isc.astro.cornell.edu; kathleen.kraemer@hanscom.af.mil; m.matsuura@qub.ac.uk; wood@mso.anu.edu.au; steve.price@hanscom.af.mil; michael.egan@osd.mil OI Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 NR 64 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 2 BP 1118 EP 1130 DI 10.1086/504516 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063XT UT WOS:000239053900030 ER PT J AU Henderson, WA Young, VG Fylstra, P De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Henderson, WA Young, VG Fylstra, P De Long, HC Trulove, PC TI Crystal packing, steric effects, and heteroatoms: Comparison of N,N-dimethylpyrrolidinium, piperidinium, and morpholinium iodide salts SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; LIQUIDS; DYNAMICS AB N,N-Dimethylpiperidinium iodide (PIP11I) has P2(1)/n symmetry at -150 degrees C. The crystal packing of the ions of PIP11I is compared with that reported for N, N- dimethylpyrrolidinium iodide (PYR11I) and N, N- dimethylmorpholinium iodide (MORP11I). Despite the differences in cation structure, PYR11I and PIP11I have essentially identical ion crystal packing. This is not the case, however, for PIP11I and MORP11I. The phase behavior and thermal stability of the three salts have also been compared to examine the influence of crystal packing on thermal properties. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Xray Crystallog Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Trulove, PC (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 M Holloway Rd,Stop 9B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM trulove@usna.edu NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD JUL 5 PY 2006 VL 6 IS 7 BP 1645 EP 1648 DI 10.1021/cg0601249 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 059IY UT WOS:000238727700020 ER PT J AU Barnes, PN Kell, JW Harrison, BC Haugan, TJ Varanasi, CV Rane, M Ramos, F AF Barnes, P. N. Kell, J. W. Harrison, B. C. Haugan, T. J. Varanasi, C. V. Rane, M. Ramos, F. TI Minute doping with deleterious rare earths in YBa2Cu3O7-delta films for flux pinning enhancements SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-POWER APPLICATIONS; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; COATED CONDUCTORS; THIN-FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; YBCO; WIRE AB To enhance the critical current density of YBa2Cu3O7-delta films, flux pinning centers are intentionally added to inhibit flux flow in applied magnetic fields. Here we provide an initial demonstration that the incorporation of very minor additions (<= 1% of Y as opposed to the 10%-40% in standard substitutions) of typically deleterious rare earths into high quality YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films provides significant improvement of the film's in-field current density. This is accomplished without reoptimization of the deposition parameters. Instead of site substitution for Y as might be expected, the deleterious rare earths potentially result in the formation of nanoparticulates. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Coll NanoScale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Barnes, PN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM paul.barnes@wpafb.af.mil NR 23 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 AR 012503 DI 10.1063/1.2219391 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 061CQ UT WOS:000238849200039 ER PT J AU Levin, GA Barnes, PN Kell, JW Amemiya, N Jiang, Z Yoda, K Kimura, F AF Levin, G. A. Barnes, P. N. Kell, J. W. Amemiya, N. Jiang, Z. Yoda, K. Kimura, F. TI Multifilament YBa2Cu3O6+x-coated conductors with minimized coupling losses SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID YBCO COATED CONDUCTORS; MAGNETIZATION LOSSES; LOSS REDUCTION; STRIATED YBCO; AC LOSS; SUPERCONDUCTORS AB We report an experimental approach to making multifilament coated conductors with low losses in applied time-varying magnetic field. Previously, the multifilament conductors obtained for that purpose by laser ablation suffered from high coupling losses. Here we report how this problem can be solved. When the substrate metal in the grooves segregating the filaments is exposed to oxygen, it forms high resistivity oxides that electrically insulate the stripes from each other and from the substrate. As the result, the coupling loss has become negligible over the entire range of tested parameters (magnetic field amplitudes B and frequencies f). (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Yokohama Natl Univ, Fac Engn, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2408501, Japan. RP Levin, GA (reprint author), USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, 1950 5th St,Bldg 450, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM george.levin@wpafb.af.mil RI Jiang, Zhenan/A-5158-2016; Amemiya, Naoyuki/G-2549-2012 OI Jiang, Zhenan/0000-0002-3482-3510; Amemiya, Naoyuki/0000-0002-3000-864X NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 AR 012506 DI 10.1063/1.2219393 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 061CQ UT WOS:000238849200042 ER PT J AU Siefert, NS Sands, BL Ganguly, BN AF Siefert, Nicholas S. Sands, Brian L. Ganguly, Biswa N. TI Electron and metastable state interactions in two-step ionization waves SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE RESONATOR PROBE; MOVING STRIATIONS; DENSITY; DISCHARGES; PLASMAS AB We demonstrate the use of a microwave hairpin resonator to measure the time-dependent, phase-resolved electron number density in ionization waves. Under our argon glow discharge conditions, the instability was caused by two-step ionization; and the wave frequency depended on the volume quenching rate of the metastable states. We measured the 1s(5) metastable state density using diode laser absorption. The peak electron number density lagged behind the peak metastable state density by 60 degrees. This phase shift reveals the nonlocal nature of the electron kinetics due to two-step ionization. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Siefert, NS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM nicholas.siefert@gmail.com NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 AR 011502 DI 10.1063/1.2219982 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 061CQ UT WOS:000238849200014 ER PT J AU Wu, P Saraf, G Lu, Y Hill, DH Gateau, R Wielunski, L Bartynski, RA Arena, DA Dvorak, J Moodenbaugh, A Siegrist, T Raley, JA Yeo, YK AF Wu, P. Saraf, G. Lu, Y. Hill, D. H. Gateau, R. Wielunski, L. Bartynski, R. A. Arena, D. A. Dvorak, J. Moodenbaugh, A. Siegrist, T. Raley, J. A. Yeo, Yung Kee TI Ferromagnetism in Fe-implanted a-plane ZnO films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE FERROMAGNETISM; CRYSTALS; STABILITY; SAPPHIRE; FIELD; OXIDE AB Fe ions of dose 5x10(16) cm(-2) were implanted at 200 keV into a-plane ZnO epitaxial films. The epitaxial quality of the postannealed samples was verified by x-ray diffraction omega-rocking curves and phi scans, whereas x-ray absorption spectroscopy identified the presence of both Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions, as well as changes in their relative concentration during postannealing. Superconducting quantum interference device measurements show that the as-implanted and postannealed films are ferromagnetic at room temperature. The saturation magnetization reduces during annealing possibly due to the decrease in the number of oxygen vacancies. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Surface Modificat Lab, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lu, Y (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM ylu@ece.rutgers.edu NR 17 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 AR 012508 DI 10.1063/1.2213519 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 061CQ UT WOS:000238849200044 ER PT J AU Fedchun, V Razdolsky, M Dilmore, M AF Fedchun, Vladimir Razdolsky, Mark Dilmore, Morris TI Steel with high strength and toughness SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article C1 Malltech LLC, Wixom, MI 48393 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Fedchun, V (reprint author), Malltech LLC, Wixom, MI 48393 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 164 IS 7 BP 33 EP 36 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 062SE UT WOS:000238964000004 ER PT J AU Font, GI AF Font, Gabriel I. TI Boundary-layer control with atmospheric plasma discharges SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 40th Joint Propulsion Conference CY JUL 11-15, 2004 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, SAE, ASEE ID DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGES; SEPARATION CONTROL; SIMULATION; MECHANISMS; SCATTERING; ACTUATORS; RESPONSES AB Recent studies have investigated the use of plasma actuators for the active control of the boundary layer on turbine blades. Although the overall effects have been quantified through experiments, the exact nature of the plasma and its momentum-transfer mechanisms have not been well characterized. In this study, particle-in-cell and Monte Carlo methods are used to computationally explore the plasma discharge and its interaction with the flow. The plasma composition, its methods of momentum addition, and the physics of its generation are quantified. Comparisons with experiments are made in order to support the findings. Simulations indicate that the plasma is generated through an electron avalanche in a dielectric barrier discharge. The plasma is created as the electrons stream to the dielectric on the first half of the electrode bias cycle and stream back on the second bait Momentum is imparted to the flow on both half-cycles, but the ionization is not equal during both half-cycles. This results in the plasma actuator producing a net force in one direction. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Font, GI (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 22 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1572 EP 1578 DI 10.2514/1.18542 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 063UV UT WOS:000239046300022 ER PT J AU Lukovic, B Orkwis, PD Turner, MG Sekar, B AF Lukovic, Bojan Orkwis, Paul D. Turner, Mark G. Sekar, Balu TI Neural network modeling of deterministic unsteadiness source terms SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SIMULATIONS; CAVITY AB neural-network-based lumped deterministic source term technique is presented that-results in the prediction of an approximate time-average solution when used to modify a steady-state solver. Three different neural networks are developed for simple cavity flows using Mach number, cavity length-to-depth ratio, and aft wall translation as parameters. The results indicate that axial force data can be reproduced with less than 15% error as compared to the time average of a fully unsteady calculation. Computation times for the resultant neural network lumped deterministic source term approach were up to two orders of magnitude less than the comparable unsteady solution and were essentially identical to that of a steady-state calculation, although it must be noted that a database of unsteady calculations is required to develop the technique. The lumped deterministic source terms did not appear to affect the robustness of the steady-state solver adversely. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Turbine Engine Div, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lukovic, B (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, ML70, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM Bojan.Lukovic@UC.Edu; Paul.Orkwis@UC.Edu; Mark.Turner@UC.Edu; Balu.Sekar@wpafb.af.mi RI Turner, Mark/E-9361-2011 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1609 EP 1616 DI 10.2514/1.4222 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 063UV UT WOS:000239046300027 ER PT J AU Clouse, WD Rasmussen, TE Perlstein, J Sutherland, MJ Peck, MA Eliason, JL Jazerevic, S Jenkins, DH AF Clouse, W. Darrin Rasmussen, Todd E. Perlstein, Jon Sutherland, Michael J. Peck, Michael A. Eliason, Jonathan L. Jazerevic, Slobadon Jenkins, Donald H. TI Upper extremity vascular injury: A current in-theater wartime report from Operation Iraqi Freedom SO ANNALS OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Winter Meeting of the Peripheral-Vascular-Surgery-Society CY JAN 27-29, 2006 CL Pk City, UT SP Peripheral Vasc Surg Soc ID UPPER-LIMB; ARTERIAL INJURIES; TRAUMA; EXPERIENCE; POPULATION; DISABILITY; VIETNAM; REPAIR; WAR AB Past wartime experience and recent civilian reports indicate upper extremity (UE) vascular injury occurs less often and with less limb loss than lower extremity (LE) injury. Given advances in critical care, damage control techniques, and military armor technology, the objective of this evaluation was to define contemporary patterns of UE injury and effectiveness of vascular surgical management in UE vascular injury during Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). From 1 September 2004 through 31 August 2005, 2,473 combat-related injuries were treated at the central echelon III surgical facility in Iraq. Patients with UE vascular injuries upon arrival were reviewed. Vessels injured were delineated. Therapeutic interventions, early limb viability, and complication rates following vascular repair were recorded. Of casualties treated during the study period, 43 (1.7%) UE and 83 (3.3%) LE vascular injuries were identified. Of the UE injuries, 11 (26%) had been operated on at forward locations and six (14%) had temporary shunts in place upon arrival at our facility. Injury levels included 10 (23%) subclavian-axillary, 25 (58%) brachial, and 10 (23%) distal to the brachial bifurcation. Two patients had multilevel injury. Twenty-eight grafts were placed, and 10 vessel repairs and eight ligations were performed. Two (4.7%) brachial interposition grafts required removal due to infection. Four (9.3%) subacute brachial graft thromboses occurred. Four (9.3%) patients underwent early UE amputation. In this most recent U.S. military evaluation of wartime UE vascular injury, UE injury appears rare, with LE injury twice as frequent. Yet, UE limb loss appears more substantial than noted previously. These findings are likely related to significant tissue destruction occurring with the combined mechanisms of injury sustained in OIF. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Vasc & Endovasc Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Expeditionary Med Grp EMDG AF Theater Hosp 332nd, Balad Air Base, Iraq. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Clouse, WD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Vasc & Endovasc Surg, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM william.clouse@lackland.af.mil NR 21 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0890-5096 J9 ANN VASC SURG JI Ann. Vasc. Surg. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP 429 EP 434 DI 10.1007/s10016-006-9090-3 PG 6 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 082HK UT WOS:000240377100002 PM 16799853 ER PT J AU Boff, KR AF Boff, Kenneth R. TI Revolutions and shifting paradigms in human factors & ergonomics SO APPLIED ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th World Congress on Ergonomics CY APR 10-JUL 14, 2006 CL Maastricht, NETHERLANDS SP Dutch Ergon Soc, Int Ergon Assoc DE cognitive enhancement; human effectiveness AB The "Revolution in Information Technology" has spawned a series of transformational revolutions in the nature and practice of human factors and ergonomics (HFE). "Generation 1" HFE evolved with a focus on adapting equipment, workplace and tasks to human capabilities and limitations. Generation 2, focused on cognitive systems integration, arose in response to the need to manage automation and dynamic function allocation. Generation 3 is focused on symbiotic technologies that can amplify human physical and cognitive capabilities. Generation 4 is emergent and is focused on biological enhancement of physical or cognitive capabilities. The shift from HFE Generations 1 and 2 to Generations 3 and 4 profoundly alters accepted boundary constraints on the adaptability of humans in complex systems design. Furthermore, it has opened an ethical divide between those that see cognitive and physical enhancement as a great benefit to society and those who perceive this as tampering with the fundamentals of human nature. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, HE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Boff, KR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, HE, 2610 7th St,Bld 441, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ken.boff@wpafb.af.mil NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-6870 J9 APPL ERGON JI Appl. Ergon. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 37 IS 4 BP 391 EP 399 DI 10.1016/j.apergo.2006.04.003 PG 9 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied SC Engineering; Psychology GA 073CU UT WOS:000239721000002 PM 16756939 ER PT J AU Schuller, F Omont, A Glass, IS Schultheis, M Egan, MP Price, SD AF Schuller, F Omont, A Glass, IS Schultheis, M Egan, MP Price, SD TI Recent star formation in the inner Galactic Bulge seen by ISOGAL - I. Classification of bright mid-IR sources in a test field SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxy : centre; stars : formation; stars : variables : general; infrared : stars ID LARGE-AMPLITUDE VARIABLES; SIO MASER SURVEY; 15 MU-M; OH/IR STARS; MILKY-WAY; OBSERVATIONAL DATA; BAADES WINDOWS; SAGITTARIUS-C; MASSIVE STARS; GALAXY AB Context. The stellar populations in the central region of the Galaxy are poorly known because of the high visual extinction and very great source density in this direction. Aims. To use recent infrared surveys for studying the dusty stellar objects in this region. Methods. We analyse the content of a similar to 20 x 20 arcmin(2) field centred at (l,b) = (-0.27 degrees, -0.06 degrees) observed at 7 and 15 mu m as part of the ISOGAL survey. These ISO observations are more than an order of magnitude better in sensitivity and spatial resolution than the IRAS observations. The sources are cross-associated with other catalogues to identify various types of objects. We then derive criteria to distinguish young objects from post-main sequence stars. Results. We find that a sample of about 50 young stellar objects and ultra-compact H II regions emerges, out of a population of evolved AGB stars. We demonstrate that the sources colours and spatial extents, as they appear in the ISOGAL catalogue, possibly complemented with MSX photometry at 21 mu m, can be used to determine whether the ISOGAL sources brighter than 300 mJy at 15 mu m ( or [15] = 4.5 mag) are young objects or late-type evolved stars. C1 CNRS, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. Univ Paris 06, F-75014 Paris, France. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. Observ Besancon, CNRS, F-25010 Besancon, France. USAF, Res Lab, ODASD, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Schuller, F (reprint author), CNRS, Inst Astrophys Paris, 98bis Bd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France. EM schuller@iap.fr NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 453 IS 2 BP 534 EP + DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20052891 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 053RL UT WOS:000238322500017 ER PT J AU Riley, LK AF Riley, Lyrad K. TI Bacterial meningitis exposure during an international flight: Lessons for communicable pathogens SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE airborne infectious disease; movement restrictions; aeromedical transport AB Air transport of infectious patients presents challenges for screening, post-exposure follow-up of fellow passengers, and international coordination issues. This report illustrates how an index case may not receive a clear diagnosis until days after the flight of interest, complicating treatment and fellow passenger tracking. This patient was diagnosed with meningococcal meningitis after a transatlantic flight with over 200 other passengers. In such cases, prompt initiation of public health measures and rapid coordination between various agencies may be required to limit outbreaks. Similar concerns will likely complicate intentional pathogen exposures; however, there may also be additional challenges related to unfamiliar pathogens and legal or political limitations to information sharing. For meningococcal disease, published guidelines exist to assist in determining which passengers and health-care workers meet criteria for antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Riley, LK (reprint author), CMR 480,Box 2218, APO, AE 09128 USA. EM rileyl@eucom.mil NR 12 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 77 IS 7 BP 758 EP 760 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 063VZ UT WOS:000239049300015 PM 16856365 ER PT J AU Baillargeon, J Platz, EA Rose, DP Pollock, BH Ankerst, DP Haffner, S Higgins, B Lokshin, A Troyer, D Hernandez, J Lynch, S Leach, RJ Thompson, IM AF Baillargeon, Jacques Platz, Elizabeth A. Rose, David P. Pollock, Brad H. Ankerst, Donna Pauler Haffner, Steven Higgins, Betsy Lokshin, Anna Troyer, Dean Hernandez, Javier Lynch, Steve Leach, Robin J. Thompson, Ian M. TI Obesity, adipokines, and prostate cancer in a prospective population-based study SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID AUTOCRINE GROWTH-FACTOR; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; BODY-MASS INDEX; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; CELL-PROLIFERATION; SERUM ADIPONECTIN; UNITED-STATES; LEPTIN; INTERLEUKIN-6; RISK AB Background: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the association of obesity and the adipokines leptin, adiponectin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) with prostate cancer risk and aggressiveness. Methods: One hundred twenty-five incident prostate cancer cases and 125 age-matched controls were sampled from among participants in the original San Antonio Center for Biomarkers of Risk of Prostate Cancer cohort study. The odds ratios (OR) of prostate cancer and high-grade disease (Gleason sum > 7) associated with the WHO categories of body mass index (kg/m(2)) and with tertiles of serum concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, and IL-6 were estimated using multivariable conditional logistic regression models. Results: Body mass index was not associated with either incident prostate cancer [obese versus normal; OR, 0.75; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.38-1.48; P-trend = 0.271 or high-grade versus low-grade disease (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.39-3.52; P-trend = 0.62). Moreover, none of the three adipokines was statistically significant associated with prostate cancer risk or high-grade disease, respectively: leptin (highest versus lowest tertile; OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.28-1.37; P-trend = 0.57; OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.48-3.01; P-trend = 0.85); adiponectin (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.46-1.65; P-trend = 0.24; OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 0.745.10; P-trend = 0.85); IL-6 (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.46-1.53; P-trend 0.98; OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.30-2.33; P-trend = 0.17). Conclusions: Findings from this nested case-control study of men routinely screened for prostate cancer and who had a high prevalence of overweight and obesity do not provide evidence to support that prediagnostic obesity or factors elaborated by fat cells strongly influence prostate cancer risk or aggressiveness. However, due to the small sample population, a small or modest effect of obesity and adipokines on these outcomes cannot be excluded. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Munich, Inst Med Informat Biometry & Epidemiol, D-80539 Munich, Germany. Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Canc, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Baillargeon, J (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Dept Pediat, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. EM baillargeon@uthscsa.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [U01 CA86402] NR 46 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 15 IS 7 BP 1331 EP 1335 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0082 PG 5 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 061OB UT WOS:000238880800016 PM 16835332 ER PT J AU Han, F Pan, E Roy, AK Yue, ZQ AF Han, F. Pan, E. Roy, A. K. Yue, Z. Q. TI Responses of piezoelectric, transversely isotropic, functionally graded, and multilayered half spaces to uniform circular surface loadings SO CMES-COMPUTER MODELING IN ENGINEERING & SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE transverse isotropy; functionally graded material (FGM); piezoelectric material; circular surface loading; multilayered structure; cylindrical system of vector functions; propagator matrix method ID BOUNDARY-ELEMENT METHOD; GREENS-FUNCTIONS; NONHOMOGENEOUS MATERIALS; ELASTIC NONHOMOGENEITY; HEAT-CONDUCTION; POINT LOAD; INDENTATION; SETTLEMENT; FOOTINGS; WAVE AB In this paper, an analytical solution is presented to study the response of piezoelectric, transversely isotropic, functionally graded, and multilayered half spaces to uniform circular surface loadings (pressure or negative electric charge). The inhomogeneous material is exponentially graded in the vertical direction and can have multiple discrete layers. The propagator matrix method and cylindrical system of vector functions are used to first derive the solution in the transformed domain. In order to find the responses in the physical-domain, which are expressed in one-dimensional infinite integrals of the Bessel function products, we introduced and adopted an adaptive Gauss quadrature. Two piezoelectric functionally graded half-space models are analyzed numerically: One is a functionally graded PZT-4 half space, and the other a multilayered functionally graded half space with two different piezoelectric materials (PZT-4 and PZT-6B). The effect of different exponential factors of the functionally graded material on the field responses is clearly demonstrated. The difference of the responses between the two surface loading cases is also discussed via the. numerical examples. The results should be particularly useful in the characterization of material properties using indentation tests, and could indirectly contribute to the design and manufacturing of piezoelectric functionally graded structures. C1 Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA. AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Han, F (reprint author), Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RI Pan, Ernian/F-4504-2011 OI Pan, Ernian/0000-0001-6640-7805 NR 48 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI ENCINO PA 4924 BALBOA BLVD, # 488, ENCINO, CA 91316 USA SN 1526-1492 J9 CMES-COMP MODEL ENG JI CMES-Comp. Model. Eng. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 14 IS 1 BP 15 EP 29 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 086UC UT WOS:000240697500002 ER PT J AU Sabelkin, V Mall, S Avram, JB AF Sabelkin, V Mall, S Avram, JB TI Fatigue crack growth analysis of stiffened cracked panel repaired with bonded composite patch SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE cracked stiffened plate; patch repair; bonded composite patch; aluminum alloy; finite element analysis; fatigue crack growth ID ALUMINUM PANELS; METALLIC STRUCTURE; FASTENER HOLES; PLATE; COMPONENTS AB Fatigue crack growth behavior in a stiffened thin 2024-T3 aluminum panel repaired with one-sided adhesively bonded composite patch was investigated through experiments and analyses. The patch had three plies of unidirectional boron/ epoxy composite. 2024-T3 aluminum stiffeners were riveted as well as bonded on the panel. Stiffeners were oriented in the loading direction and were spaced at either 102 mm or 152 mm with a crack centered between them. Also, un-repaired cracked panel with and without stiffeners were studied. Experiment involved tension-tension fatigue at constant amplitude with maximum stress of 120 MPa and stress ratio of 0.05. Bonded composite patch repair increased fatigue life about fivefold in the case of stiffened panels while it increased about ten fold in the case of un-stiffened panels. Fatigue life also increased with decrease of the distance between the stiffeners for both repaired and un-repaired panels. A three-dimensional finite element method was used to analyze the experiments. Residual thermal stresses, developed during patch bonding, requires the knowledge of temperature at which adhesive becomes effective in creating a bond between the structure and patch in the analysis. A simple method to estimate the effective curing temperature range is suggested in this study. The computed stress intensity factor versus measured crack growth relationships for all panel configurations were consistent and in agreement with the counterpart from the test material. Thus, the present approach provides a means to analyze the fatigue crack growth behavior of stiffened structures repaired with adhesively bonded composite patch. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 37 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 73 IS 11 BP 1553 EP 1567 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2006.01.029 PG 15 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 054BF UT WOS:000238349800007 ER PT J AU Huang, J Spowart, JE Jones, JW AF Huang, J Spowart, JE Jones, JW TI Fatigue behaviour of SiCp-reinforced aluminium composites in the very high cycle regime using ultrasonic fatigue SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE critical number density of inclusions; discontinuously reinforced aluminium composite; subsurface crack initiation; ultrasonic fatigue; very high cycle fatigue ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; PARTICLE-SIZE RATIO; QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; GIGACYCLE FATIGUE; VOLUME FRACTION; WEAR BEHAVIOR; LIFE REGIME; MICROSTRUCTURE; STRENGTH AB The fatigue behaviour of a 2009/SiC/15p-T4 DRA composite has been examined in the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime where 10(7) <= N-f <= 10(9) cycles. Ultrasonic fatigue was used to achieve the very high cycle counts. Careful processing yielded a composite with a very homogeneous particle distribution with minimal clustering. Fatigue crack initiation was observed almost exclusively at AlCuFe inclusions with no crack initiation observed at SiC particle clusters. Fatigue lives at a given stress level exhibited minimal scatter and subsurface crack initiation was observed in all cases. This behaviour is consistent with the presence of a low number density of critical inclusions that are responsible for crack initiation very early in fatigue life. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jones, JW (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jonesjwa@engin.umich.edu NR 48 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 8756-758X J9 FATIGUE FRACT ENG M JI Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 29 IS 7 BP 507 EP 517 DI 10.1111/j.1460-2695.2006.00998.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 052SM UT WOS:000238254200002 ER PT J AU Propst, AM Bates, GW Robinson, RD Arthur, NJ Martin, JE Neal, GS AF Propst, Anthony M. Bates, G. Wright Robinson, Randal D. Arthur, Nancy J. Martin, Joseph E. Neal, Greg S. TI A randomized controlled trial of increasing recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone after initiating a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Meeting of the Pacific-Coast-Reproductive-Society CY MAY 04-08, 2005 CL Indian Wells, CA SP Pacific Coast Reprod Soc DE IVF; GnRH antagonist; recombinant FSH; estradiol; pregnancy rate ID OVARIAN STIMULATION; GNRH ANTAGONIST; POOR RESPONDERS; CYCLES; WOMEN; GANIRELIX; SUPPLEMENTATION; EFFICACY; PROTOCOL; IVF AB Objective: Pituitary suppression with a GnRH antagonist before IVF may result in a plateau or decrease in estradiol levels. We sought to investigate the effect of increasing recombinant FSH (rFSH) after starting a GnRH antagonist on estradiol levels implantation rates, and pregnancy rates. Design: Prospective, randomized multicenter study. Setting: Medical center and private practice. Patient(s): Sixty infertile women undergoing IVF who met the appropriate inclusion criteria. Intervention(s): Participants were pretreated with combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and received a dose 150-300 IU of rFSH 5 days after taking their last COC. They were randomly assigned to receive their current dose of rFSH (control group) or an additional 75 IU of rFSH (step-up group) after starting a GnRH antagonist. Daily GnRH antagonist injections were started when the lead follicles were 13-14 mm in diameter and continued until hCG was given when two follicles were >= 18 mm. One to three embryos were transferred 3 or 5 days following oocyte retrieval. Women with PCOS, a body mass index > 33, a day 3 FSH > 14.1 mIU/ml, or prior poor stimulation were excluded. Main Outcome Measure(s): The primary endpoints of this pilot study were embryo implantation, pregnancy, and livebirth rates. Secondary endpoints included the amount and days of rFSH; number of days of GnRH antagonist use; estradiol levels on the day of GnRH antagonist initiation, day 1 and day 2 after initiation, and on the day of hCG, endometrial stripe thickness; number of follicles; and number of oocytes. Result(s): No differences were reported were reported within the groups with respect to age, BMI, baseline FSH, use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection, vials of rFSH, number of GnRH antagonist, changes in estradiol patterns, or peak estradiol level. The control and step-up groups had similar pregnancies (73.3% vs. 63.3%, P=.41), clinical pregnancies (70.0% vs. 60.0%, P=.42), live births (56.7% vs. 60.0%, P=.8), and implantation rates (50.0% and 39.1%, P=.22). Conclusion(s): The use of rFSH and a GnRH antagonist in good candidates for IVF resulted in outstanding implantation and pregnancy rates. Increasing the dose of rFSH after starting a GnRH antagonist does not alter the estradiol response or improve the implantation and pregnancy rates. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MMNO, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Div Reprod Endocrinol & Infertil, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Fertil Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Propst, AM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MMNO, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Div Reprod Endocrinol & Infertil, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM anthony.propst@lackland.af.mil NR 12 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 86 IS 1 BP 58 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.12.040 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 062YO UT WOS:000238983100009 PM 16753156 ER PT J AU Anthenien, RA Tse, SD Fernandez-Pello, AC AF Anthenien, RA Tse, SD Fernandez-Pello, AC TI On the trajectories of embers initially elevated or lofted by small scale ground fire plumes in high winds SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ember; firebrand; plume; lofting; trajectory; wind; fire ID REYNOLDS-NUMBERS; FIREBRANDS; PARTICLES; FLOW AB Millions of acres and hundreds of structures are destroyed annually by wildfires. With many of these fires extending long distances due to spotting, detailed knowledge of ember transport by external and flame-generated winds is critical for fundamental understanding and prediction of the inception and evolution of such fires. This work presents a model that treats the burning and wind carrying of embers, and numerically compares their trajectories for spherical, cylindrical, and disk geometries. The embers may be launched at predetermined heights or lofted by a fire buoyant plume. Various terrain conditions and variable wind properties are considered. Results show that for embers of equal initial mass, disks propagate the farthest and have the highest remaining mass fraction upon impacting the ground. Spheres are carried the shortest distance, and cylinders have the smallest mass fraction upon impact. For disks in the range of diameters examined, initial diameter has no effect on the distance carried. Charring and extinction criteria are investigated for cylinders and spheres. Higher surface burning temperatures are found to lead to shorter propagation distances. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. RP Anthenien, RA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ralph.anthenien@afit.edu NR 43 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 5 BP 349 EP 363 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2006.01.005 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 053OF UT WOS:000238313800003 ER PT J AU Kancleris, Z Tamosiunas, V Dagys, M Simniskis, R Agee, FJ AF Kancleris, Zilvinas Tamosiunas, Vincas Dagys, Mindaugas Simniskis, Rimantas Agee, Forrest J. TI Numerical investigation of resonances within the X-band waveguide type SO IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods; frequency response; microwave detectors AB In this letter, we report on the numerical investigation of resonances within waveguide type resistive sensors used for measuring high power microwave pulse radiation in the X-band. We have applied a finite-difference time-domain method to determine the dependencies of the average electric field and it's distribution on frequency for several sets of dimensions and specific resistances of the sample. C1 Inst Semicond Phys, Microwave Lab, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Kancleris, Z (reprint author), Inst Semicond Phys, Microwave Lab, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. EM kancleris@pfi.lt; jack.agee@afosr.af.mil NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1531-1309 J9 IEEE MICROW WIREL CO JI IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 16 IS 7 BP 422 EP 424 DI 10.1109/LMWC.2006.877135 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 061IP UT WOS:000238865400012 ER PT J AU Morton, TE Pasala, KM AF Morton, Thomas E. Pasala, Krishna M. TI Performance analysis of conformal conical arrays for airborne vehicles SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID ARBITRARY UPPER-BOUNDS; PATTERN SYNTHESIS; ANTENNAS; SUBJECT; FIELDS AB Conformal array apertures have great potential for providing high performance, low weight systems with little or no impact to the aerodynamic design of the air vehicle. A performance analysis of conformal conical arrays for a national airborne radar application is presented. The conical array geometry is chosen for its similarity to an aircraft or missile nosecone. Performance capabilities are analyzed for a number of antenna performance parameters including scan volume, sidelobe levels, grating lobes, beamwidth, directivity, element count, and cross-polarization. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Morton, TE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM thomas.morton@wpafb.af.mil NR 35 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 876 EP 890 DI 10.1109/TAES.2006.248218 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 110FB UT WOS:000242362600009 ER PT J AU Veth, M Raquet, J Pachter, M AF Veth, Michael Raquet, John Pachter, Meir TI Stochastic constraints for efficient image correspondence search SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB The navigation state (position, velocity, and attitude) can be determined using optical measurements from an imaging sensor pointed toward the ground. Extracting navigation information from an image sequence depends on tracking the location of stationary objects in multiple images, which is generally termed the correspondence problem. This is an active area of research and many algorithms exist which attempt to solve this problem by identifying a unique feature in one image and then searching subsequent images for a feature match. In general, the correspondence problem is plagued by feature ambiguity, temporal feature changes, and occlusions which are difficult for a computer to address. Constraining the correspondence search to a subset of the image plane has the dual advantage of increasing robustness by limiting false matches and improving search speed. A number of ad hoc methods to constrain the correspondence search have been proposed in the literature. A rigorous stochastic projection method is developed here which constrains the correspondence search space by incorporating a priori knowledge of the aircraft navigation state using inertial measurements and a statistical terrain model. The stochastic projection algorithm is verified using Monte Carlo simulation and flight data. The constrained correspondence search area is shown to accurately predict the pixel location of a feature with an arbitrary level of confidence, thus promising improved speed and robustness of conventional algorithms. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Veth, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.raquet@afit.edu NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 973 EP 982 DI 10.1109/TAES.2006.4439212 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 110FB UT WOS:000242362600015 ER PT J AU Blunt, SD Gerlach, K Rangaswamy, M AF Blunt, Shannon D. Gerlach, Karl Rangaswamy, Muralidhar TI STAP using knowledge-aided covariance estimation and the FRACTA algorithm SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE ARRAYS; MATRIX; RADAR AB In the airborne space-time adaptive processing (STAP) a priori information via knowledge-aided covariance estimation (KACE) is employed in order to reduce the required sample support for application to heterogeneous clutter scenarios. The enhanced FRACTA (FRACTAX) algorithm with KACE as well as Doppler-sensitive adaptive coherence estimation (DS-ACE) is applied to the KASSPER I & II data sets where it is shown via simulation that near-clairvoyant detection performance is maintained with as little as 1/3 of the normally required number of training data samples. The KASSPER I & II data sets are simulated high-fidelity heterogeneous clutter scenarios which possess several groups of dense targets. KACE provides a priori information about the clutter covariance matrix by exploiting approximately known operating parameters about the radar platform such as pulse repetition frequency (PRF), crab angle, and platform velocity. In addition, the DS-ACE detector is presented which provides greater robustness for low sample support by mitigating false alarms from undernulled clutter near the clutter ridge while maintaining sufficient sensitivity away from the clutter ridge to enable effective target detection performance. C1 Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Blunt, SD (reprint author), Univ Kansas, 2335 Irving Hill Rd, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. NR 37 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 1043 EP 1057 DI 10.1109/TAES.2006.248197 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 110FB UT WOS:000242362600020 ER PT J AU Capraro, CT Capraro, GT Bradaric, I Weiner, DD Wicks, MC Baldygo, WJ AF Capraro, Christopher T. Capraro, Gerard T. Bradaric, Ivan Weiner, Donald D. Wicks, Michael C. Baldygo, William J. TI Implementing digital terrain data in knowledge-aided space-time adaptive processing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Many practical problems arise when implementing digital terrain data in airborne knowledge-aided (KA) space-time adaptive processing (STAP). This paper addresses these issues and presents solutions with numerical implementations. In particular, using digital land classification data and digital elevation data, techniques are developed for registering these data with radar return signals, correcting for Doppler and spatial misalignments, adjusting for antenna gain, characterizing clutter patches for secondary data selection, and ensuring independent secondary data samples. These techniques are applied to select secondary data for a single-bin post-Doppler STAP algorithm using multi-channel airborne radar measurement (MCARM) program data. Results with the KA approach are compared with those obtained using the standard sliding window method for choosing secondary data. These results illustrate the benefits of using terrain information, a priori data about the radar, and the importance of statistical independence when selecting secondary data for improving STAP performance. C1 Capraro Technol Inc, Utica, NY 13501 USA. ARL SN, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. AFRL, SNRT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Capraro, CT (reprint author), Capraro Technol Inc, 311 Turner St,Suite 410, Utica, NY 13501 USA. NR 31 TC 26 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 1080 EP 1099 DI 10.1109/TAES.2006.248199 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 110FB UT WOS:000242362600022 ER PT J AU Giovanini, R Hopkinson, K Coury, DV Thorp, JS AF Giovanini, R Hopkinson, K Coury, DV Thorp, JS TI A primary and backup cooperative protection system based on wide area agents SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY LA English DT Article DE agents; communication; cooperative systems; power system protection; relaying AB This paper presents a study of wide area agents based on communication for primary and backup coordinated protection. Agents are used to give each protection component control capacity as well as the ability to communicate with other agents. We feel that this method naturally points toward a new philosophy for primary and backup protection. Simulations are used to illustrate concepts, using a simulation engine called EPOCHS that combines the EMTDC/PSCAD power simulator with the NS2 network communications simulator. Results show the improved performance of our protection scheme. In this new protection system, agents were embedded in each of the conventional protection components to construct an IED relay. The agent searches for relevant information by communicating with other agents. Agent communication can take place at the same substation or at remote substations. This information can be used to detect primary and remote faults, relay misoperation, breaker failures, and to compensate such problems with a much better performance than can be done in traditional schemes. Preliminary results give us hope that the proposed protection scheme may be able to contribute toward the mitigation of wide-area disturbances and the power blackouts that frequently follow them. C1 Operador Nacl Sistema Eletr, ONS, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Elect Engn, BR-13566590 Sao Carlos, Brazil. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Giovanini, R (reprint author), Operador Nacl Sistema Eletr, ONS, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM renan.giovanini@gmail.com; kenneth.hopkinson@afit.edu; coury@sel.eesc.usp.br; jsthorp@vt.edu NR 13 TC 34 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8977 J9 IEEE T POWER DELIVER JI IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 21 IS 3 BP 1222 EP 1230 DI 10.1109/TPWRD.2006.876984 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 059AA UT WOS:000238704500025 ER PT J AU Warren, DA Graeter, LJ Channel, SR Eggers, JS Goodyear, CD MacMahon, KL Sudberry, GL Latendresse, JR Fisher, JW Baker, WH AF Warren, DA Graeter, LJ Channel, SR Eggers, JS Goodyear, CD MacMahon, KL Sudberry, GL Latendresse, JR Fisher, JW Baker, WH TI Trichloroethylene, trichloroacetic acid, and dichloroacetic acid: Do they affect eye development in the Sprague-Dawley rat? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dichloroacetic acid; eye; teratogen; trichloroacetic acid; trichloroethylene ID RISK-ASSESSMENT; RETINOIC ACID; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; GROWTH; ORBIT; LENS AB Maternal exposure to high doses of trichloroethylene (TCE) and its oxidative metabolites, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and dichloroacetic acid (DCA), has been implicated in eye malformations in fetal rats, primarily micro-/anophthalmia. Subsequent to a cardiac teratology study of these compounds (Fisher et al. 2001, Int. J. Toxicol. 20: 257-267), their potential to induce ocular malformations was examined in a subset of the same experimental animals. Pregnant, Sprague-Dawley Crl:CDR BR rats were orally treated on gestation days (GDs) 6 to 15 with bolus doses of either TCE (500 mg/kg/day), TCA (300 mg/kg/day), DCA (300 mg/kg/day), or all-trans retinoic acid (RA; 15 mg/kg/day). The heads of GD 21 fetuses were not only examined grossly for external malformations, but were sectioned using a modified Wilson's technique and subjected to computerized morphometry that allowed for the quantification of lens area, globe area, medial canthus distance, and interocular distance. Gross ocular malformations were essentially absent in all treatment groups except for the RA group in which 26% of fetuses exhibited micro-/anophthalmia. Using the litter as the experimental unit of analysis, lens area, globe area, and interocular distance were statistically significantly reduced in the DCA treatment group. Statistically significant reductions in lens and globe areas also occurred in the RA treatment group, all four ocular measures were reduced in the TCA treatment group but none significantly so, and TCE was without effect. Because DCA, TCA, and RA treatments were associated with significant reductions in fetal body weight (bw), data were also statistically analyzed after bw adjustment. Doing so dramatically altered the results of treatment group comparisons, but the severity of bw reduction and the degree of change in ocular measures did not always correlate. This suggests that bw reduction may not be an adequate explanation for all the changes observed in ocular measures. Thus, it is unclear whether DCA specifically disrupted ocular development even under these provocative exposure conditions. Clearly, however, if TCE is capable of disrupting ocular development in the Sprague-Dawley rat, a higher dose than that employed in the present study is required. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effect Directorate, ManTech Environm Technol Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Private Consultant, Dayton, OH USA. RP Warren, DA (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Program Director, 801 Carteret St, Beauford, SC 29902 USA. EM dwarren@gwm.sc.edu RI Latendresse, John/A-9215-2009 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 25 IS 4 BP 279 EP 284 DI 10.1080/10915810600745975 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 060FH UT WOS:000238787300004 PM 16815816 ER PT J AU Murray, JS Hudson-Barr, D AF Murray, JS Hudson-Barr, D TI Understanding the effects of disaster on children: A developmental-ecological approach to scientific inquiry SO JOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING LA English DT Article DE child; developmental-ecological framework; disaster response; disasters C1 Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. RP Murray, JS (reprint author), Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. EM john.murray3@andrews.af.mil NR 5 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1539-0136 J9 J SPEC PEDIATR NURS JI J. Spec. Pediatr. Nurs. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 11 IS 3 BP 199 EP 202 DI 10.1111/j.1744-6155.2006.00067.x PG 4 WC Nursing; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Pediatrics GA 052TF UT WOS:000238256100008 PM 16774531 ER PT J AU Fragomeni, JM AF Fragomeni, James M. TI Effect of precipitation aging on the microstructure, fatigue behavior, and precipitation response in an Al-Li-Cu alloy SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CRACK-GROWTH; PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS; ZR ALLOY; LITHIUM; PARTICLES; SLIP AB The interrelationships between precipitate characteristics and mechanical properties of an Al-Li-Cu alloy AF/C-458 was quantified. The microstructure, precipitation response, and fatigue crack growth rates in the Al-Li-Cu alloy AF/C-458 were studied following single and duplex aging treatments for varying aging times on specimens that were given a 6 percent stretch after solution heat treatment. Aging response was studied using hardness and compression yield strength measurements. Quantitative transmission electron microscopy methods were used to characterize average size, volume fraction, number density, and interparticle spacing of strengthening precipitates, d'(Al3Li) and T-1(Al2CuLi). Strength and fatigue crack growth rates for select heat treatments were obtained and were related to the precipitate microstructure and yield strength data. C1 Univ Detroit Mercy, Coll Engn & Sci, Dept Mech Engn, Detroit, MI 48221 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fragomeni, JM (reprint author), Univ Detroit Mercy, Coll Engn & Sci, Dept Mech Engn, Detroit, MI 48221 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 1070-9789 J9 J ADV MATER-COVINA JI J. Adv. Mater. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 38 IS 3 BP 58 EP 67 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 065RR UT WOS:000239177500009 ER PT J AU Riggins, DW Taylor, T Moorhouse, DJ AF Riggins, David W. Taylor, Trent Moorhouse, David J. TI Methodology for performance analysis of aerospace vehicles using the laws of thermodynamics SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID HYPERSONIC ENGINES; THRUST LOSSES; PROPULSION AB Theory, methodology, and example applications are developed and shown for the systematic analysis of overall vehicle forces in terms of irreversibility and heat. The methodology presented involves analyzing and deconstructing vehicle forces using individual stream tubes as components within the overall fluid control volume in which the vehicle is embedded. This provides the capability for the complete fluid/thermodynamic "audit" of vehicle performance in terms of irreversibility, combustion (heating), and fluid dynamic flow turning and area change. Sample results are shown for a simplified hypersonic vehicle configuration modeled with constant specific heats and Rayleigh heating. The role of overall entropy generation and wake mixing processes in the production of vehicle forces in atmospheric flight is next discussed and clarified. Specifically, the direct analytical relationship between entropy, wake mixing processes, and overall force production for the vehicle is developed from fundamental considerations of the global control volume with inclusion of the wake in the analysis. This analysis is demonstrated using the same simplified high-speed configuration and is finally developed for the completely general problem of an aerospace vehicle with variable specific heats, thermal loading, variable composition, fuel injection, and chemical reaction. C1 Univ Missouri, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Riggins, DW (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 43 IS 4 BP 953 EP 963 DI 10.2514/1.16426 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 070SQ UT WOS:000239544600010 ER PT J AU Attar, PJ Dowell, EH AF Attar, Peter J. Dowell, Earl H. TI Stochastic analysis of a nonlinear aeroelastic model using the response surface method SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 7th Non-Deterministic Approaches Forum CY APR 18-21, 2005 CL Austin, TX SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID ANGLE-OF-ATTACK; UNCERTAINTY; FLUTTER; FLOW AB An efficient method is presented for quantifying the effect of parametric uncertainty on the response of a nonlinear aeroelastic system. The proposal stochastic model uses a response surface method to map the random input parameters of the system to the specified system output (in this instance root-mean square wing tip response). To handle the bifurcation in the response surface due to aeroelastic self-excited instability, the response surface model is fit using a two region regression. The results from this model are compared to those from a full Monte Carlo simulation for both a one-dimensional random input parameter model (thickness) and a two-dimensional random input parameter model (thickness and modulus of elasticity). The response surface method results compare favorably with the full model results while achieving a 2 to 3 order of magnitude gain in computational efficiency. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Duke Univ, Pratt Sch Engn, Ctr Nonlinear & Complex Syst, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Attar, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM peter.attar@wpafb.af.mil RI Attar, Peter/B-1728-2008 OI Attar, Peter/0000-0003-3112-9205 NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1044 EP 1052 DI 10.2514/1.17525 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 070SQ UT WOS:000239544600021 ER PT J AU Cain, CP Polhamus, GD Roach, WP Stolarski, DJ Schuster, KJ Stockton, KL Rockwell, BA Chen, B Welch, AJ AF Cain, C. P. Polhamus, G. D. Roach, W. P. Stolarski, D. J. Schuster, K. J. Stockton, K. L. Rockwell, B. A. Chen, Bo Welch, A. J. TI Porcine skin visible lesion thresholds for near-infrared lasers including modeling at two pulse durations and spot sizes SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE laser safety; laser injury; retina; cornea; visible lesion; model; infrared ID THERMAL RESPONSE; ALBUMIN SOLDER; LIGHT SOURCES; TISSUE; ABSORPTION; RADIATION; FUNDUS AB With the advent of such systems as the airborne laser and advanced tactical laser, high-energy lasers that use 1315-nm wavelengths in the near-infrared band will soon present a new laser safety challenge to armed forces and civilian populations. Experiments in nonhuman primates using this wavelength have demonstrated a range of ocular injuries, including corneal, lenticular, and retinal lesions as a function of pulse duration. American National Standards Institute (ANSI) laser safety standards have traditionally been based on experimental data, and there is scant data for this wavelength. We are reporting minimum visible lesion (MVL) threshold measurements using a porcine skin model for two different pulse durations and spot sizes for this wavelength. We also compare our measurements to results from our model based on the heat transfer equation and rate process equation, together with actual temperature measurements on the skin surface using a high-speed infrared camera. Our MVL-ED50 thresholds for long pulses (350 mu s) at 24-h postexposure are measured to be 99 and 83 Jcm(-2) for spot sizes of 0.7 and 1.3 mm diam, respectively. Q-switched laser pulses of 50 ns have a lower threshold of 11 Jcm(-2) for a 5-mm-diam top-hat laser pulse. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Northrop Grumman, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Biomed Engn, Austin, TX 78612 USA. RP Cain, CP (reprint author), Northrop Grumman, 4241 Woodcock Dr,Suite B-100, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. EM clarence.cain@brooks.af.mil NR 32 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 EI 1560-2281 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 11 IS 4 AR 041109 DI 10.1117/1.2338815 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 093IM UT WOS:000241162000014 PM 16965137 ER PT J AU Lips, JA Kasper, EP Welsh, JS AF Lips, John A. Kasper, Eric P. Welsh, Jeffry S. TI Finite element methods for the frequency response prediction of bonded composite structures SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE frequency response; stiffness; bonded; single-lap joint; composite; finite element AB The present study examines the effect bonded lap joints have on the frequency response of a given structure. The test article developed consist of carbon fiber composite sections joined with epoxy single-lap joints. The motivation for this study stems from the initial findings of previous works conducted at the Air Force Research Laboratory. This work shows the key factors affecting the influence of bonded lap joints on the system frequency to be : section stiffness, bond configuration and type, boundary conditions, and mass distribution. In addition, sensitivity analyses conducted give direction to the level of detail necessary to model bonded lap joints with adequate efficiency and accuracy. To aid in determining an effective and accurate methodology, the following sensitivity studies are conducted: element formulation, composite ply angle, and mesh discretization. Validation of these studies with experimental data for various configurations allow for an uncertainty assessment of the numerical data presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Civil Engn, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP Lips, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM john.lips@kirtland.af.mil NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 40 IS 13 BP 1175 EP 1192 DI 10.1177/0021998305057465 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 061YS UT WOS:000238911300003 ER PT J AU Wood, A AF Wood, A TI Analysis of electromagnetic scattering from an overfilled cavity in the ground plane SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NONREFLECTING BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; WAVE-EQUATION; DEEP AB In this paper, we consider the scattering of the time-harmonic plane wave by a protruding cavity embedded in the PEC ground plane. An artificial boundary condition is introduced on a semicircle enclosing the cavity that couples the fields from the infinite exterior domain to those inside. Variational formulations for the TM and TE polarizations are derived and existence and uniqueness of weak solutions are established. Finite element error analysis is also performed. Numerical experiments demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the method. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wood, A (reprint author), USAF, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Aihua.Wood@afit.edu NR 21 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 215 IS 2 BP 630 EP 641 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2005.11.007 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 041LR UT WOS:000237458200015 ER PT J AU Hale, A Davis, M Sirbaugh, J AF Hale, A Davis, M Sirbaugh, J TI A numerical simulation capability for analysis of aircraft inlet-engine compatibility SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA ID DISTORTION AB Two primary aircraft propulsion subsystems are the inlet and the engine. Traditionally these subsystems have been designed, analyzed, and tested as isolated systems. The interaction between the subsystems is modeled primarily through evaluating inlet distortion in an inlet test and then simulating this distortion in engine tests via screens or similar devices. Recently, it has been recognized that significant improvements in both performance and operability can be realized when both the inlet and the engine are designed with full knowledge of the other. In this paper a computational tool called Turbine Engine Analysis Compressor Code is used to evaluate the effect of inlet distortion on a three-stage military fan. This three-stage military fan is further connected to an F-16 inlet and forebody operating at an angle of attack and sideslip to demonstrate the effect of inlet distortion generated by flight maneuvers. The computational approach of si. mulating an integrated inlet-engine system is expected to provide additional insight over evaluating the components separately. C1 Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Hale, A (reprint author), Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2006 VL 128 IS 3 BP 473 EP 481 DI 10.1115/1.1925649 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 058OO UT WOS:000238674500001 ER PT J AU Kontanis, EJ Reed, FA AF Kontanis, EJ Reed, FA TI Evaluation of real-time PCR amplification efficiencies to detect PCR inhibitors SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; real-time PCR; amplification efficiency; inhibitor detection; tannic acid; ancient DNA ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; QUANTITATIVE RT-PCR; DNA SAMPLES; ANCIENT DNA; DEVELOPMENTAL VALIDATION; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; COPY NUMBER; QUANTIFICATION; ASSAY AB Real-time PCR analysis is a sensitive template DNA quantitation strategy that has recently gained considerable attention in the forensic community. However, the utility of real-time PCR methods extends beyond quantitation and allows for simultaneous evaluation of template DNA extraction quality. This study presents a computational method that allows analysts to identify problematic samples with statistical reliability by comparing the amplification efficiencies of unknown template DNA samples with clean standards. In this study, assays with varying concentrations of tannic acid are used to evaluate and adjust sample-specific amplification efficiency calculation methods in order to optimize their inhibitor detection capabilities. Kinetic outlier detection and prediction boundaries are calculated to identify amplification efficiency outliers. Sample-specific amplification efficiencies calculated over a four-cycle interval starting at the threshold cycle can be used to detect reliably the presence of 0.4 ng of tannic acid in a 25 mu L PCR reaction. This approach provides analysts with a precise measure of inhibition severity when template samples are compromised. Early detection of problematic samples allows analysts the opportunity to consider inhibitor mitigation strategies prior to genotype or DNA sequence analysis, thereby facilitating sample processing in high-throughput forensic operations. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kontanis, EJ (reprint author), Cent Identificat Lab, Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, 310 Worchester Ave, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. EM Elias.Kontanis@JPAC.PACOM.MIL RI Reed, Floyd/B-3586-2009 NR 55 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 28 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 51 IS 4 BP 795 EP 804 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00182.x PG 10 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 060GI UT WOS:000238790200011 PM 16882221 ER PT J AU Jia, W Jia, D Rodriguez, T Evans, DR Meltzer, RS Yen, WM AF Jia, W Jia, D Rodriguez, T Evans, DR Meltzer, RS Yen, WM TI UV excitation and trapping centers in CaTiO3 : Pr-3 SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conferene on Dynamical Processes in Excited States of Solids CY AUG 01-05, 2005 CL Fudan Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Sci & Technol Commiss Shanghai Municipal, Chinese Phys Soc, Shanhai Phys Soc, Chinese Luminescence Soc, Surface Phys Lab, Fudan Univ, Phys Dept & Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Univ Sci & Technol China, Natl Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Natl Lab Infrared Phys, Shanghai Inst Tech Phys, Changchun Inst Opt, Key Lab HO Fudan Univ DE photoluminescence; afterglow; thermoluminescence; trapping centers; CaTiO3 : Pr-3 AB Pr3+:CaTiO3, which produces red emission at 612 nm is an attractive phosphor. Its UV excitation spectrum consists of three bands at 279, 330 and 360 run, which are assigned to the Pr3+ 4f to 5d transition, the valence-to-conduction band transition Ti4+-O2-- to Ti3+-O- and the charge transfer transition Pr3+-Ti4+ to Pr4+-Ti3+, respectively. P-3(0) luminescence under UV excitation is completely quenched to D-1(2), through a strong coupling with the charge transfer state at room temperature. However, quite strong P-3(0) emission was observed at low temperatures when the P-3(2) state was excited at 457.9 nm. In addition, the phosphor showed a red afterglow, which can be enhanced by adding Al3+. The traps are associated with electron trapping, and are possibly related to Pr4+ and oxygen vacancies existing in the samples. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Lock Haven Univ Penn, Dept Geol & Geophys, Lock Haven, PA 17745 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Jia, W (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM wjia@uprm.edu NR 12 TC 91 Z9 98 U1 9 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD JUL-OCT PY 2006 VL 119 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2005.12.067 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 034JR UT WOS:000236925800005 ER PT J AU Evans, DR Cook, G Carns, JL Saleh, MA Basun, SA Seim, JM Mizell, GJ AF Evans, DR Cook, G Carns, JL Saleh, MA Basun, SA Seim, JM Mizell, GJ TI Understanding the optical and electrical properties of a new photorefractive potassium niobate crystal SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conferene on Dynamical Processes in Excited States of Solids CY AUG 01-05, 2005 CL Fudan Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Sci & Technol Commiss Shanghai Municipal, Chinese Phys Soc, Shanhai Phys Soc, Chinese Luminescence Soc, Surface Phys Lab, Fudan Univ, Phys Dept & Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Univ Sci & Technol China, Natl Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Natl Lab Infrared Phys, Shanghai Inst Tech Phys, Changchun Inst Opt, Key Lab HO Fudan Univ DE potassium niobate; photorefractive; photovoltaic; two-beam coupling ID LITHIUM-NIOBATE; KNBO3 CRYSTALS; INSTABILITIES AB Optical and electrical measurements have been made on a new codoped potassium niobate crystal that yields a significant increase in linear absorption, photocurrent, and photorefractive beam coupling efficiency. The Ag impurity enters the K site, changing the local field in the lattice. The Fe in the Nb site, perturbed by the replacement of the next near-neighbor K with Ag, is responsible for the enhanced linear and nonlinear properties. The modified material parameters result in an increase of the photorefractive counter-propagating two-beam coupling efficiency. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. VLOC, New Port Richey, FL 34655 USA. RP Evans, DR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dean.evans@wpafb.af.mil NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD JUL-OCT PY 2006 VL 119 BP 535 EP 540 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2006.01.059 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 034JR UT WOS:000236925800104 ER PT J AU Dwyer, C Ziegler, A Shibata, N Winkelman, GB Satet, RL Hoffmann, MJ Cinibulk, MK Becher, PF Painter, GS Browning, ND Cockayne, DJH Ritchie, RO Pennycook, SJ AF Dwyer, C. Ziegler, A. Shibata, N. Winkelman, G. B. Satet, R. L. Hoffmann, M. J. Cinibulk, M. K. Becher, P. F. Painter, G. S. Browning, N. D. Cockayne, D. J. H. Ritchie, R. O. Pennycook, S. J. TI Interfacial structure in silicon nitride sintered with lanthanide oxide SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Meeting on Frontiers of Electron Microscopy in Materials Science CY SEP 25-30, 2005 CL Maastricht, NETHERLANDS ID FRACTURE-RESISTANCE MECHANISM; R-CURVE BEHAVIOR; TOUGHENING MECHANISMS; OXYNITRIDE GLASSES; CERAMICS; STRENGTH; ALUMINA; GROWTH AB Three independent research groups present a comparison of their structural analyses of prismatic interfaces in silicon nitride densified with the aid of lanthanide oxide Ln(2)O(3). All three groups obtained scanning transmission electron microscope images which clearly reveal the presence of well-defined Ln segregation sites at the interfaces, and, moreover, reveal that these segregation sites are element-specific. While some results differ across the three research groups, the vast majority exhibits good reproducibility. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Engn Innovat, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Keram Maschinenbau, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dwyer, C (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. EM dwyer@materials.ox.ac.uk RI Dwyer, Christian/G-5678-2012; Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; Shibata, Naoya/E-5327-2013; OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 14 BP 4405 EP 4412 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0152-2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 073CT UT WOS:000239720900005 ER PT J AU Schwonek, MR AF Schwonek, Matthew R. TI Kazimierz Sosnkowski as commander in chief: The government-in-exile and Polish strategy, 1943-1944 SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Review AB Lieutenant General Kazimierz Sosnkowski's term as commander in chief of the armed forces of the Polish government-in-exile from 8 July 1943 to 29 September 1944 can be used to assess Polish strategy. His belief that pursuing a major military contribution could not guarantee the state's independence and integrity in the postwar period and his views on international relations were challenged by civilian leaders as well as the Home Army High Command. The assault on Monte Cassino in May 1944 and the Warsaw Uprising in August and September demonstrate the powerlessness of the exiles against the dominant currents of alliance politics. C1 USAF, Command & Staff Coll, Dept Int Secur & Mil Studies, Reg Studies Program, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. RP Schwonek, MR (reprint author), USAF, Command & Staff Coll, Dept Int Secur & Mil Studies, Reg Studies Program, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. NR 157 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 743 EP 780 DI 10.1353/jmh.2006.0194 PG 38 WC History SC History GA 062TP UT WOS:000238967800005 ER PT J AU Chong, CH Carnes, DL Moritz, AJ Oates, T Ryu, OH Simmer, J Cochran, DL AF Chong, Chol H. Carnes, David L. Moritz, Alan J. Oates, Thomas Ryu, Ok Hee Simmer, James Cochran, David L. TI Human periodontal fibroblast response to enamel matrix derivative, amelogenin, and platelet-derived growth factor-BB SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amelogenin; EMDOGAIN; PDGF-BB ID CORONALLY ADVANCED FLAPS; DRIED BONE ALLOGRAFT; LIGAMENT CELLS; IN-VITRO; GINGIVAL FIBROBLASTS; INTRABONY DEFECTS; CONNECTIVE-TISSUE; RHPDGF-BB; REGENERATION; PROTEINS AB Background: The ideal goal of clinical therapy in periodontal defects is regeneration of all lost structures. For regeneration to occur, cell proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix synthesis are prerequisites. Attempts at regeneration of periodontal defects by guided tissue regeneration using bone grafts and membranes have not always yielded predictable results. Recently, attempts at engineering the defects using various materials have shown promising results. Two such approaches have been used to regenerate periodontal defects, one using extracellular matrix such as enamel matrix proteins and the other using growth factors. However, to our knowledge, no study has looked at combining these two approaches to achieve potentially even greater regeneration. Methods: Primary human periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts were explanted, and alkaline phosphatase (ALK PHOS) activity was determined. Phenotypically different cell lines were incubated for 1, 3, 6, and 10 days in 0.2% fetal bovine serum (FBS) media containing different concentrations of either enamel matrix derivative (EMD), amelogenin, platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), EMD + PDGF-BB, or amelogenin + PDGF-BB. A culture of 0.2% FBS alone served as a negative control, and a culture of 10% FBS served as a positive control. Cell proliferation was measured using a Coulter counter to determine the cell number. The effects on a wound-fill model were evaluated by scraping a 3-mm wide cell-free zone in PDL monolayers across the diameter of the tissue-culture plate and determining PDL cell migration into the cell-free zone using computer assisted histomorphometry. Results: Compared to the control, only EMD + PDGF-BB significantly increased PDL cell proliferation in an ALK PHOS (-) cell line (P < 0.001), and EMD alone, EMD + PDGF-BB, and amelogenin + PDGF-BB significantly increased PDL cell proliferation in an ALK PHOS (+) cell line (P < 0.001) with EMD + PDGF-BB showing a trend for greater proliferation than either PDGF or EMD alone. Individually, EMD and amelogenin had no significant effect on PDL cell proliferation. In the wound-fill experiment, all factors and their combinations except amelogenin significantly enhanced cell migration compared to the control (P < 0.05) at the wound edge. In addition, EMD + PDGF-BB had additive effects on the ALK PHOS (-) cell line at the wound edge. At the center of the wound, neither EMD nor amelogenin had a significant wound-fill effect. However, the combination of EMD + PDGF-BB additively increased wound fill for both ALK PHOS (+) and ALK PHOS (-) cells. Conclusions: The combination of EMD and PDGF-BB produces greater proliferative and wound-fill effects on PDL cells than each by themselves. If these combined effects can be translated clinically, one may see greater regeneration in periodontal defects with this combination. However, amelogenin does not have significant effects on PDL cell proliferation or migration by itself. This may suggest that either another enamel matrix component in EMD may be responsible for some of its clinical effects, or that amelogenin alone may not trigger the regenerative potential of periodontal tissues and that it requires a combined interaction with other enamel matrix components of EMD to direct the regenerative process. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Periodont, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, NIH, Human Craniofacial Genet Sect, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Dent, Dept Pediat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Chong, CH (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Periodont, 1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM chol.chong@lackland.af.mil NR 50 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 77 IS 7 BP 1242 EP 1252 DI 10.1902/jop.2006.050147 PG 11 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 103IP UT WOS:000241879200020 PM 16805689 ER PT J AU Ahmed, Z Gimelshein, SF Ketsdever, AD AF Ahmed, Zeeshan Gimelshein, Sergey F. Ketsdever, Andrew D. TI Numerical analysis of free-molecule microresistojet performance SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 41st Joint Propulsion Conference CY JUL 10-13, 2005 CL Tucson, AZ SP AIAA, ASME, SAE, ASEE AB The direct-simulation Monte Carlo method was used to study the flow in a free-molecule microresistojet (FMMR). The FMMR is a microelectromechanical-systems (MEMS) fabricated resistojet that operates by heating a propellant gas as it expands through a series of slots. The flow through a single heater slot of the FMMR was modeled in two dimensions for a range of chamber pressures from 50 to 200 Pa and heater chip temperatures from 300 to 573 K. Using this, the numerical performance of FMMR was computed. The resultant specific impulse was found to agree within 2% of experimental data for nitrogen propellant and within 4% for helium propellant. Then, a full three-dimensional model of the FMMR geometry was made for water vapor as propellant in two steps. First, the flow in the plenum was modeled. FMMR performance parameters were found to be 10% lower than those of the two-dimensional model. Second, the FMMR plume How was calculated using a starting surface generated from the plenum simulation for two possible locations of the FMMR as a despin thruster on a nanosatellite. The thrust degradation caused by the resultant surface forces was examined, and the net moment of one configuration was found to be 40% higher than the other. C1 Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Ahmed, Z (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 749 EP 756 DI 10.2514/1.19570 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 064RQ UT WOS:000239107200005 ER PT J AU Star, AM Edwards, JR Lin, KC Cox-Stouffer, S Jackson, TA AF Star, Ana M. Edwards, Jack R. Lin, Kuo-Cheng Cox-Stouffer, Susan Jackson, Thomas A. TI Numerical simulation of injection of supercritical ethylene into nitrogen SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 33rd Fluid Dynamics Conference CY JUN 22-26, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID RAPID EXPANSION; VISCOSITY; FLOWS AB A procedure for simulating the injection of supercritical ethylene into nitrogen is used to investigate aspects of the injection of supercritical fuels, considered to be. an enabling technology in the design of hydrocarbons-fueled scramjet engines. The method solves the compressible Navier-Stokes equations for an ethylene/nitrogen mixture, with the thermodynamic behavior of ethylene described using the Peng-Robinson equation of state. Homogeneous equilibrium and finite-rate phase-transition models are used to describe the growth of a condensed ethylene phase in several axisymmetric and three-dimensional injector nozzles. Predictions are compared with shadowgraph and direct-lighting imaging data, mass flow rate measurements, mole-fraction and temperature measurements in the jet mixing zone, and wall pressure distributions. Qualitative trends relating to jet structure, the appearance of a condensed phase, and the effects of back, pressure and injectant temperature are in good agreement with experimental results but indicate the need for improved characterization of the nozzle flow before injection and the inclusion of a better turbulence model for the jet mixing zone. For conditions where both are applicable, a nucleation/ growth phase transition model provides a similar bulk fluid response as a homogeneous equilibrium model but also yields predictions of number density and average droplet size. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Taitech Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45430 USA. AFRL, PRA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Star, AM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Campus Box 7910, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 809 EP 819 DI 10.2514/1.16621 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 064RQ UT WOS:000239107200013 ER PT J AU McFarland, MJ Palmer, GR Rasmussen, SL Kordich, MM Pollet, DA Jensen, JA Lindsay, MH AF McFarland, MJ Palmer, GR Rasmussen, SL Kordich, MM Pollet, DA Jensen, JA Lindsay, MH TI Field verification of sound attenuation modeling and air emission testing in support of missile motor disposal activities SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Department of Defense-approved activities conducted at the Utah Test and Training Range (UTTR) include both operational readiness test firing of intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) motors, as well as the destruction of obsolete or otherwise unusable ICBM motors through open burn/open detonation (OB/OD). Within the Utah Division of Air Quality, these activities have been identified as having the potential to generate unacceptable noise levels, as well as significant amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Hill Air Force Base, UT, has completed a series of field tests at the UTTR in which sound-monitoring surveillance of OB/OD activities was conducted to validate the Sound Intensity Prediction System (SIPS) model. Using results generated by the SIPS model to support the decision to detonate, the UTTR successfully disposed of missile motors having an aggregate net explosive weight (NEW) of 81,374 lb without generating adverse noise levels within populated areas. In conjunction with collecting noise-monitoring data, air emissions were collected to support the development of air emission factors for both static missile motor firings and OB/OD activities. Through the installation of 15 ground-based air samplers, the generation of combustion-fixed gases, VOCs, and chlorides was monitored during the 81,374-lb NEW detonation event. Comparison of field measurements to predictions generated from the US Navy energetic combustion pollutant formation model, POLU4WN indicated that, as the detonation fire ball expanded, organic compounds, as well as CO, continued to oxidize as the combustion gases mixed with ambient air. VOC analysis of air samplers confirmed the presence of chloromethane, vinyl chloride, benzene, toluene, and 2-methyl-1-propene. Qualitative chloride analysis indicated that gaseous HCl was generated at low concentrations, if at all. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USAF, Environm Management Directorate, Ogden, UT USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Weapons Integrat & Technol Branch, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Bowen Collins & Associates, Draper, UT USA. CH2M Hill Inc, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP McFarland, MJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM farlandm@msn.com NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 56 IS 7 BP 1041 EP 1051 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 059ES UT WOS:000238716700012 PM 16878594 ER PT J AU Gilson, M Desai, A Cardoza-Favarato, G Vroman, P Thornton, JA AF Gilson, Meredith Desai, Alpa Cardoza-Favarato, Gabriella Vroman, Penny Thornton, Jennifer A. TI Does gel affect cytology or comfort in the screening Papanicolaou smear? SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CERVICAL-CANCER; LUBRICATION; SPECULUM AB Purpose: Current medical training recommends obtaining cervical cytological specimens without the use of lubricating gel. The purpose of this study was to determine whether water-soluble lubricant gel affects cytologic outcomes in the screening Papanicolaou smear and patient comfort during vaginal speculum examination. Methods: The study was a randomized controlled trial performed at David Grant US Air Force Medical Center (Travis Air Force Base, CA). Participants were female patients at least 18 years old presenting for an annual Papanicolaou smear. Each patient, blinded to group assignment, consented to two consecutive Papanicolaou smears. The first Papanicolaou smear was performed without gel in all subjects as part of the "standard of care." Thirty control patients underwent a second examination with no gel, and 40 other patients had the second examination with gel. All patients rated the discomfort of each Papanicolaou smear on a numerical pain scale. Main outcome measures were cytologic discrepancies on standard glass slide samples and comfort differences regarding the use of gel lubrication. Fisher's exact test was used to interpret the effect of gel on cytology results. Student's t test was performed to compare the discomfort ratings for the second Papanicolaou smear in the GEL vs. the NO GEL groups. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the number of inadequate Papanicolaou smears (P = .50) nor in the discomfort level ratings in the GEL vs. the NO GEL groups (P = .69). Conclusion: Speculum gel lubrication does not affect cervical cytology during the traditional Papanicolaou smear, nor does it provide significant alteration of patient discomfort. C1 Amer Acad Family Phys, Uniformed Serv Acad Family Practice, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Gilson, M (reprint author), 5 Shaw Circle, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM meredith.gilson@hanscom.af.mil NR 9 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER BOARD FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEXINGTON PA 2228 YOUNG DR, LEXINGTON, KY 40505 USA SN 1557-2625 J9 J AM BOARD FAM MED JI J. Am. Board Fam. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 19 IS 4 BP 340 EP 344 PG 5 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 061SN UT WOS:000238892900002 PM 16809647 ER PT J AU Pritchard, JA Kunz, DL AF Pritchard, James A. Kunz, Donald L. TI A redesigned tail rotor for improvement of CH-53E high-altitude performance SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB In an effort to increase the operational capability of the CH-53E, this study investigates methods for maximizing tail rotor effectiveness at high gross weights and high altitudes. This analytical study is specifically designed to investigate tail rotor design parameters by analytical simulation, and define a tail rotor that will reduce by 10% the tail rotor power required to hover at high altitude. With little to no assistance from the vertical fin, the tail rotor is taxed to its fullest while in hover. Therefore, emphasis is placed primarily on hover efficiency, tempered by solid forward flight and hover slide performance. Results show that significant tail rotor performance improvements can be made without expensive modifications to the airframe. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kunz, DL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM donald.kunz@afit.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 51 IS 3 BP 266 EP 274 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 070WW UT WOS:000239558000005 ER PT J AU Oughstun, KE Albanese, RA AF Oughstun, KE Albanese, RA TI Magnetic field contribution to the Lorentz model SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article AB The classical Lorentz model of dielectric dispersion is based on the microscopic Lorentz force relation and Newton's second law of motion for an ensemble of harmonically bound electrons. The magnetic field contribution in the Lorentz force relation is neglected because it is typically small in comparison with the electric field contribution. Inclusion of this term leads to a microscopic polarization density that contains both perpendicular and parallel components relative to the plane wave propagation vector. The modified parallel and perpendicular polarizabilities are both nonlinear in the local electric field strength. (C) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Vermont, Coll Engn & Math Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Informat Operat & Special Projects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Oughstun, KE (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Coll Engn & Math Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM oughstun@cems.uvm.edu; albanese@brooks.af.mil NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 23 IS 7 BP 1751 EP 1756 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.23.001751 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 057WW UT WOS:000238626900026 PM 16783441 ER PT J AU Yerkes, KL Michalak, TE Baysinger, KM Puterbaugh, R Thomas, SK McQuillen, J AF Yerkes, Kirk L. Michalak, Travis E. Baysinger, Kerri M. Puterbaugh, Rebekah Thomas, Scott K. McQuillen, John TI Variable-gravity effects on a single-phase partially confined spray cooling system SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article AB The testing of a single-phase spray cooling system that was flown on the NASA KC-135 Reduced-Gravity Research Aircraft is discussed. An experimental package, consisting of a spray chamber coupled to a fluid delivery loop system, was fabricated for variable gravity flight tests. The spray chamber contains two opposing nozzles spraying on indium tin oxide (ITO) heaters. These heaters are mounted on glass posts that are part of a sump system to remove unconstrained liquid from the test chamber. Thermocouples mounted in and around, the posts were used to determine both the heat loss through the underside of the ITO heater and the heat extracted by the spray. During flight tests, for Weber numbers,We = 771 +/- 19 and 757 +/- 15, the nondimensional, heat input was varied from G Delta = 25 to 110 for the nondimensional grouping ((FrGa)-Ga-1/2)(1/2) = 20-66. Flight-test data and terrestrial data were compared to analytical and numerical solutions to evaluate the heat transfer in the heater and support structure. In general, the Nusselt number at the heater surface was found to decrease with increasing ((FrGa)-Ga-1/2)(1/2). C1 USAF, Res Lab, PRPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Micrograv Fluid Phys Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Yerkes, KL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, PRPS, 1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 20 IS 3 BP 361 EP 370 DI 10.2514/1.18681 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 068ZL UT WOS:000239414000002 ER PT J AU Wang, X Ma, N Bliss, DF Iseler, GW Becla, P AF Wang, X. Ma, N. Bliss, D. F. Iseler, G. W. Becla, P. TI Parametric study of modified vertical bridgman growth in a rotating magnetic field SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR CRYSTAL-GROWTH; SUBMERGED HEATER METHOD; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; CYLINDER; FLOW; CDTE AB Using the vertical Bridgman process, a single semiconductor crystal is grown by the solidification of an initially molten semiconductor (melt) contained in a crucible. In addition to-the main Bridgman heater, a submerged heater is added that separates the melt into two zones, i.e., an upper melt and a lower melt that is continuously replenished with fluid from the upper melt to offset the rejection of species along the crystal-melt interface. As crystal growth progresses, the crucible is slowly lowered to maintain a constant lower melt depth. An externally applied rotating magnetic field produced by a synchronous motor stator is used to control the transport of the electrically conducting molten semiconductor. This paper treats the flow of a molten semiconductor and the dopant transport during the vertical Bridgman process with a submerged heater and with a transverse rotating magnetic field. This paper also investigates the effects of the crystal radius, the melt depth, the strength of the magnetic field, and the number of poles in the inductor on the dopant distributions in the crystal. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Iseler Associates, Chelmsford, MA 01824 USA. Solid State Sci, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. RP Wang, X (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Campus Box 7910, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM nancy_ma@ncsu.edu NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 20 IS 3 BP 384 EP 388 DI 10.2514/1.19572 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 068ZL UT WOS:000239414000005 ER PT J AU Smith, KA Lewis, MJ AF Smith, Kerrie A. Lewis, Mark J. TI Calculation of pressure loads in the heater of a hypersonic blowdown tunnel SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Smith, KA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 20 IS 3 BP 635 EP 638 DI 10.2514/1.18877 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 068ZL UT WOS:000239414000039 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, TE Clouse, WD Jenkins, DH Peck, MA Eliason, JL Smith, DL AF Rasmussen, Todd E. Clouse, W. Darrin Jenkins, Donald H. Peck, Michael A. Eliason, Jonathan L. Smith, David L. TI The use of temporary vascular shunts as a damage control adjunct in the management of wartime vascular injury SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Meeting of the Eastern-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma CY JAN 10-14, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Eastern Assco Surg Trauma ID LOWER-LIMB TRAUMA; INTRAVASCULAR SHUNTS; INTRALUMINAL SHUNTS; EXPERIENCE; VIETNAM AB Background: While the use of vascular shunts as a damage control adjunct has been described in series from civilian institutions no contemporary military experience has been reported. The objective of this study is to examine patterns of use and effectiveness of temporary vascular shunts in the contemporary management of wartime vascular injury. Materials: From September 1, 2004 to August 31, 2005, 2,473 combat injuries were treated at the central echelon III surgical facility in Iraq. Vascular injuries were entered into a registry and reviewed. Location of shunts was divided into proximal and distal, and shunt patency, complications and limb viability were examined. Results: There were 126 extremity vascular injuries treated. Fifty-three (42%) had been operated on at forward locations and 30 of 53 (57%) had temporary shunts in place upon arrival to our facility. The patency for shunts in proximal vascular injuries was 86% (n = 22) compared with 12% (n = 8) for distal shunts (p < 0.05). All shunts placed in proximal venous injuries were patent (n = 4). Systemic heparin was not used and there were no shunt complications. All shunted injuries were reconstructed with vein in theater and early viability for extremities in which shunts were used was 92%. Conclusions: Temporary vascular shunts are common in the management of wartime vascular injury. Shunts in proximal injuries including veins have high patency rates compared with those placed in distal injuries. This vascular adjunct represents a safe and effective damage control technique and is preferable to attempted reconstruction in austere conditions. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Chief Vasc Surg Serv, Div Vasc Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Norman M Rich Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USAF, Theater Hosp, APO, AE USA. RP Rasmussen, TE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Chief Vasc Surg Serv, Div Vasc Surg, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Todd.Rasmussen@lackland.af.mil NR 19 TC 93 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUL PY 2006 VL 61 IS 1 BP 8 EP 12 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000220668.84405.17 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 065TV UT WOS:000239183600004 PM 16832244 ER PT J AU Ekkad, SV Ou, SC Rivir, RB AF Ekkad, SV Ou, SC Rivir, RB TI Effect of jet pulsation and duty cycle on film cooling from a single jet on a leading edge model SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID BULK FLOW PULSATIONS; VORTEX-GENERATOR JETS AB The effect of jet pulsation and duty cycle on film effectiveness and heat transfer was investigated on a film hole located on the circular leading edge of a blunt body. A transient infrared technique was used to measure both heat transfer coefficients and film effectiveness from a single test. Detailed Frossling number and film effectiveness distributions were obtained for all flow conditions. Jet pulsing frequencies of 5 Hz, 10 Hz, and 20 Hz have been studied. The effect of duty cycle created by the valve opening and closing times was also set at different levels of 10%, 25%, 50%, and 75% of designated 100% fully open condition for different blowing ratios from 0.25 to 2.0. The combination of pulse frequency and duty cycle was investigated for different blowing ratios on a single leading edge hole located at 22 deg from geometric leading edge. Results indicate that higher effectiveness and lower heat transfer coefficients are obtained at the reduced blowing ratios, which result from reduced duty cycles. The effect of varying the pulsing frequency from 5 Hz to 20 Hz is not discernable beyond the level of experimental uncertainty. Effective blowing ratio due to lowering of the duty cycle at a given blowing ratio seems to play a more important role in combination with pulsing, which provides improved cooling effectiveness at lower heat transfer coefficients. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ekkad, SV (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM ekkad@me.lsu.edu RI Ekkad, Srinath/E-9112-2014 NR 20 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2006 VL 128 IS 3 BP 564 EP 571 DI 10.1115/1.2185122 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 056YX UT WOS:000238562100017 ER PT J AU Clark, JP Polanka, MD Meininger, M Praisner, TJ AF Clark, JP Polanka, MD Meininger, M Praisner, TJ TI Validation of heat-flux predictions on the outer air seal of a transonic turbine blade SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 16-19, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GA SP ASME ID EQUATIONS AB It is desirable to accurately predict the heat load on turbine hot section components within the design cycle of the engine. Thus, a set of predictions of the heat flux on the blade outer air seal of a transonic turbine is here validated with time-resolved measurements obtained in a single-stage high-pressure turbine rig. Surface pressure measurements were also obtained along the blade outer air seal, and these are also compared to three-dimensional, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes predictions. A region of very high heat flux was predicted as the pressure side of the blade passed a fixed location on the blade outer air seal, but this was not measured in the experiment. The region of high heat flux was associated both with very high harmonics of the blade-passing event and a discrepancy between predicted and measure time mean heat-flux levels. Further analysis of the predicted heat flux in light of the experimental technique employed in the test revealed that the elevated heat flux associated with passage of the pressure side might be physical. Improvements in the experimental technique are suggested for future efforts. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Turbine Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. United Technol Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. RP Clark, JP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Turbine Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2006 VL 128 IS 3 BP 589 EP 595 DI 10.1115/1.2184351 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 056YX UT WOS:000238562100020 ER PT J AU Miracle, DB Lord, EA Ranganathan, S AF Miracle, Daniel B. Lord, Eric A. Ranganathan, Srinivasa TI Candidate atomic cluster configurations in metallic glass structures SO MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Asian Thermal Spray Conference (ATSC 2005) CY NOV, 2005 CL Nagoya, JAPAN DE atomic clusters; metallic glasses; hard sphere model; sphere packing ID MEDIUM-RANGE ORDER; EQUAL CIRCLES; PACKING; ALLOYS; LIQUIDS; SPHERE; MODEL; DIFFRACTION AB A growing body of evidence supports the importance of solute-centered atomic clusters in the structure and stability of metallic glasses. Beyond few simple cases, a broad account of these clusters has not been provided elsewhere. Detailed characteristics of a canonical collection of efficiently packed hard sphere clusters are presented here as idealized structural elements in metallic glasses. The nomenclature, topology, geometry and packing efficiency of these clusters are provided and their relevance to the structure of metallic glasses is discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. Indian Inst Sci, Dept Met, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. RP Miracle, DB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. RI Ranganathan, Srinivasa/F-9187-2013 NR 44 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 17 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA 1-14-32, ICHIBANCHO, AOBA-KU, SENDAI, 980-8544, JAPAN SN 1345-9678 EI 1347-5320 J9 MATER TRANS JI Mater. Trans. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 7 BP 1737 EP 1742 DI 10.2320/matertrans.47.1737 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 082GP UT WOS:000240375000022 ER PT J AU Li, K Gao, XL Roy, AK AF Li, K Gao, XL Roy, AK TI Micromechanical modeling of viscoelastic properties of carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer composites SO MECHANICS OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID MORI TANAKA THEORY; NUMERICAL INVERSION; ELASTIC BEHAVIOUR; LAPLACE TRANSFORM; INCLUSIONS; STRESS; MATRIX AB A micromechanics model is developed for predicting the linearly viscoelastic properties of carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer composites. By employing the Correspondence Principle in viscoelasticity, the Mori-Tanaka method is extended to the Carson domain. The inversion of the creep compliances from the Carson (transformed) domain to the time (physical) domain is accomplished numerically by using a recently developed multi-precision algorithm. The new micromechanics model is validated by comparing with existing experimental data. By applying the presently developed model, a parametric study for the creep behavior of carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer composites is conducted, with testing temperature, nanotube aspect ratio, nanotube volume fraction and nanotube orientation as the controlling parameters. For composites having unidirectionally aligned nanotubes, numerical results indicate that the increase of the nanotube aspect ratio significantly enhances their axial creep resistance but has insignificant influences on their transverse, shear and plane strain bulk creep compliances. Also, the random orientation of nanotubes provides more effective plane strain bulk creep resistance but less effective axial creep resistance than the aligned orientation does. In addition, the effect of the nanotube orientation on the shear compliances is negligibly small. Furthermore, for composites with aligned or randomly oriented nanotubes, all the compliances are found to decrease monotonically with the increase of the nanotube volume fraction. Finally, the influences of testing temperature on the composite creep compliances (except for the bulk strain compliance) are similar to those on the compliance of the matrix. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gao, XL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM xlgao@tamu.edu NR 29 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1537-6494 J9 MECH ADV MATER STRUC JI Mech. Adv. Mater. Struct. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 13 IS 4 BP 317 EP 328 DI 10.1080/15376490600583931 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 040MI UT WOS:000237382400003 ER PT J AU Olsen, TG Proffitt, MA Donnelly, DL Gordon, MC AF Olsen, Tandy G. Proffitt, Michael A. Donnelly, Devin L. Gordon, Michael C. TI Health policy considerations for our sexual minority patients SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Olsen, TG (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 108 IS 1 BP 211 EP 212 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000226846.35071.9a PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 171XF UT WOS:000246768000036 PM 16816082 ER PT J AU Chambers, HG Haggerty, CJ AF Chambers, Henry G. Haggerty, Charles J. TI The foot and ankle in children and adolescents SO OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES IN SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE foot and ankle injuries; adolescent sports injuries; congenital problems of the foot and ankle ID SYMPTOMATIC TALOCALCANEAL COALITION; TARSAL COALITION; SPORTS INJURIES; OSTEOCHONDRITIS-DISSECANS; ARTHROSCOPIC TREATMENT; CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE; YOUNG ATHLETE; FOLLOW-UP; TALUS; MANAGEMENT AB As children participate in more cutting and collision sports, there are more foot and ankle injuries. Congenital problems can also lead to sports injuries by stiffening the foot or by causing chronic pain. This article reviews the common congenital (tarsal coalition, accessory navicular, and os subtibiale) and traumatic causes of foot and ankle pain in the child and adolescent athlete. The diagnosis and treatment of these relatively common disorders are provided. C1 Rady Childrens Hosp San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Orthoped Surg, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Chambers, HG (reprint author), Rady Childrens Hosp San Diego, 3030 Childrens Way,Suite 410, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. EM hchambers@chsd.org NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 1060-1872 J9 OPER TECHN SPORT MED JI Oper. Tech. Sports Med. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 14 IS 3 BP 173 EP 187 DI 10.1053/j.otsm.2006.08.002 PG 15 WC Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 110AB UT WOS:000242349600008 ER PT J AU Johnson, S AF Johnson, Steven TI Optimal target detection for hyperspectral images with uniform backgrounds SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE detection; image processing; remote sensing; signal detection; signal processing ID SUBSPACE PROJECTION APPROACH; CLASSIFICATION; FILTER AB This paper considers the problem of detecting a subpixel target in a hyperspectral image with a uniform background. A uniform background region is defined as an area of a hyperspectral image composed of a single material except for possibly a target material. It is shown that in the uniform background case the likelihood ratio test (LRT), which is the optimal signal detection algorithm, can be evaluated. It is shown that the LRT derived in this paper is a special case of the constrained signal detector (CSD). Though no other detector outperforms the LRT, it is possible for other algorithms to equal its performance. It is shown in what special cases the orthogonal subspace projection (OSP) detector and the matched filter detector (MFD) perform the same as the CSD. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Lockheed Martin Coherent Technol, Louisville, CO 80027 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Johnson, S (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Coherent Technol, Louisville, CO 80027 USA. EM steve.e.johnson@lmco.com NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 45 IS 7 AR 076202 DI 10.1117/1.2227366 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 068BR UT WOS:000239347200030 ER PT J AU Haji-Saeed, B Sengupta, SK Goodhue, W Khoury, J Woods, CL Kierstead, J AF Haji-Saeed, Bahareh Sengupta, Sandip K. Goodhue, William Khoury, Jed Woods, Charles L. Kierstead, John TI Nonlinear dynamic range compression deconvolution SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID JOINT-TRANSFORM CORRELATOR; NOISE-REDUCTION AB We introduce a dynamic range image compression technique for nonlinear deconvolution; the impulse response of the distortion function and the noisy distorted image are jointly transformed to pump a clean reference beam in a two-beam coupling arrangement. The Fourier transform of the pumped reference beam contains the deconvolved image and its conjugate. In contrast to standard deconvolution. approaches, for which noise can be a limiting factor in the performance, this approach allows the retrieval of distorted signals embedded in a very high-noise environment. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. SNHC, Air Force Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. RP Haji-Saeed, B (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM bahareh.haji-saeed@hanscom.af.mil NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 13 BP 1969 EP 1971 DI 10.1364/OL.31.001969 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 056BA UT WOS:000238494600009 PM 16770401 ER PT J AU Gavrielides, A Erneux, T Sukow, DW Burner, G McLachlan, T Miller, J Amonette, J AF Gavrielides, Athanasios Erneux, Thomas Sukow, David W. Burner, Guinevere McLachlan, Taylor Miller, John Amonette, Jake TI Square-wave self-modulation in diode lasers with polarization-rotated optical feedback SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; CAVITY; DYNAMICS; SUBJECT AB The square-wave. response of edge-emitting diode lasers subject to a delayed polarization-rotated optical feedback is studied in detail. Specifically, the polarization state of the feedback is rotated such that the natural laser mode is coupled into the orthogonal, unsupported mode. Square-wave self-modulated polarization intensities oscillating in antiphase are observed experimentally. We find numerically that these oscillations naturally appear for a broad range of values of parameters, provided that the feedback is sufficiently strong and the differential losses in the normally unsupported polarization mode are small. We then investigate the laser equations analytically and find that the square-wave oscillations are the result of a bifurcation phenomenon. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 AFRL DELO, Directed Energy Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Libre Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Washington & Lee Univ, Dept Phys & Engn, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. RP Gavrielides, A (reprint author), AFRL DELO, Directed Energy Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM sukowd@wlu.edu NR 18 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 13 BP 2006 EP 2008 DI 10.1364/OL.31.002006 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 056BA UT WOS:000238494600022 PM 16770414 ER PT J AU Berghoff, WJ Pietrzak, WS Rhodes, RD AF Berghoff, William J. Pietrzak, William S. Rhodes, Richard D. TI Platelet-rich plasma application duping closure following total knee arthroplasty SO ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTORS; FIBRIN GLUE; BLOOD-LOSS; BONE; GEL; SURGERY; REPLACEMENT; REGENERATION; CONCENTRATE; OUTCOMES C1 Orthoped NE, Ft Wayne, IN USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Bioengn, Chicago, IL USA. Ft Wayne Med Educ Program, Ft Wayne, IN USA. RP Rhodes, RD (reprint author), 6 MDOS-6 GOSO,8415 S Bayshore Blvd, MacDill AFB, FL 33621 USA. NR 52 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0147-7447 J9 ORTHOPEDICS JI Orthopedics PD JUL PY 2006 VL 29 IS 7 BP 590 EP 598 PG 9 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 062QP UT WOS:000238959900006 PM 16866090 ER PT J AU Porter, GT Gadre, SA Calhoun, KH AF Porter, Glen T. Gadre, Swarupa A. Calhoun, Karen H. TI The effects of intradermal and topical mitomycin C on wound healing SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 108th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Otolaryngology-Head-and-Neck-Surgery CY SEP 19-22, 2004 CL New York, NY SP Amer Acad Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg ID CHOANAL ATRESIA; FIBROBLASTS; EXPRESSION; PROTEINS; KELOIDS; GROWTH; REPAIR AB OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of intradermal and topical mitomycin C (MMC) on skin wound healing. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: A prospective, controlled study in a rat wound model performed in an academic medical center. RESULTS: Intradermal and topical MMC application decreased wound integrity when compared with saline-treated animals at I week, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 6 months. Skin necrosis occurred in animals that received intradermal MMC. Hemotoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining showed no consistent difference between treatment arms. Fibrosis and collagen deposition were reduced in MMC-treated wounds on trichrome staining. CONCLUSIONS: MMC-treated wounds showed decreased wound strength compared with controls. Intradermal MMC can cause skin necrosis. Histologic findings did not always correspond with clinical data. SIGNIFICANCE: The data suggest cautious use of MMC in clinical situations when wound breaking strength is critical. (c) 2006 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved. C1 Mike OCallaghan Fed Hosp, Dept Otorhinolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Porter, GT (reprint author), Mike OCallaghan Fed Hosp, Dept Otorhinolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. EM glen.porter@nellis.af.mil NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 135 IS 1 BP 56 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2006.02.024 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 060TM UT WOS:000238824500011 PM 16815183 ER PT J AU Jasperse, JR Basu, B Lund, EJ Bouhram, M AF Jasperse, John R. Basu, Bamandas Lund, Eric J. Bouhram, Mehdi TI Gyrotropic guiding-center fluid theory for turbulent inhomogeneous magnetized plasma SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID FOKKER-PLANCK EQUATION; ANOMALOUS RESISTIVITY; ELECTROSTATIC TURBULENCE; DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS; RELAXATION PROCESSES; KINETIC-EQUATIONS; FIELD; FLUCTUATIONS; RENORMALIZATION; TRANSPORT AB In this paper, a new fluid theory is given in the guiding-center and gyrotropic approximation which is derivable from the Vlasov-Maxwell equations. The theory includes the effect of wave-particle interactions for the weakly turbulent, weakly inhomogeneous, nonuniformly magnetized plasma, and it is applicable to a variety of space and laboratory plasmas. It is assumed that the turbulence is random and electrostatic, and that the velocity-space Fokker-Planck operator can be used to calculate the correlation functions that describe the wave-particle interactions. Conservation laws are derived that relate the low-order velocity moments of the particle distributions to the turbulence. The theory is based on the work of Hubbard [Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 260, 114 (1961)] and Ichimaru and Rosenbluth [Phys. Fluids 13, 2778 (1970)]. In the work presented here, the idea is proposed that the fluid equations can be solved (1) by using measurements of the turbulence to specify the electric-field fluctuations; and (2) by using measurements of the low-order velocity moments to specify the initial and boundary conditions. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. CNRS, CETP, F-94107 St Maur, France. RP Jasperse, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. OI Lund, Eric/0000-0003-1312-9375 NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUL PY 2006 VL 13 IS 7 AR 072903 DI 10.1063/1.2220006 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 069CY UT WOS:000239424400034 ER PT J AU Adams, M Tavakoli, H AF Adams, M Tavakoli, H TI Gatifloxacin-induced hallucinations in a 19-year-old man SO PSYCHOSOMATICS LA English DT Letter ID CIPROFLOXACIN; PSYCHOSIS C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Adams, M (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0033-3182 J9 PSYCHOSOMATICS JI Psychosomatics PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 47 IS 4 BP 360 EP 360 DI 10.1176/appi.psy.47.4.360 PG 1 WC Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 059YK UT WOS:000238767900015 PM 16844899 ER PT J AU Masse, WB Liston, J Carucci, J Athens, JS AF Masse, WB Liston, J Carucci, J Athens, JS TI Evaluating the effects of climate change on environment, resource depletion, and culture in the Palau Islands between AD 1200 and 1600 SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL CHANGES; WESTERN MICRONESIA; PACIFIC; BEHAVIOR; DEATH; CRABS; PERU AB The Palau archipelago is a sizeable and geologically diverse set of volcanic and coralline limestone islands in equatorial western Micronesia. Recent archeological fieldwork, pollen analyses, and radiocarbon assays have expanded our understanding of more than 3000 years of culture history in Palau, providing a potentially unique window on the relationship between climate, environment, human adaptation, and culture change in the tropical western Pacific. Our focus is on the period of AD 1200-1600, particularly as relates to the transition between the Medieval Warm Period and the onset of the Little Ice Age. This period encompasses the establishment of stonework villages throughout the archipelago, and ultimately their abandonment in the limestone islands. Paleoenvironmental and archeological data, including settlement pattern analyses, provide mixed but intriguing messages regarding the role of climate in Palauan culture change. Archeological deposits in Uchularois Cave contain domestic pig, Sus scrofa, large-eyed bream, Monotaxis grandoculis, parrotfish, Scarus sp., and the humped conch, Strombus gibberulus gibbosus, that together provide evidence of environmental degradation or overharvesting and the potential effects of climate change on culture. Our data suggest that a greater emphasis on high-resolution data is necessary to properly evaluate the role of climate in Pacific island culture change. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Int Archaeol Res Inst Inc, Honolulu, HI 96826 USA. CEVPC, 30CES, Cultural Resources Sect, Vandenberg AFB, CA 93437 USA. RP Masse, WB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, Mailstop M887, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wbmasse@lanl.gov NR 96 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 151 BP 106 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2006.01.017 PG 27 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 057JA UT WOS:000238590900011 ER PT J AU Spowart, JE AF Spowart, JE TI Automated serial sectioning for 3-D analysis of microstructures SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY; 3-DIMENSIONAL CHARACTERIZATION; 3 DIMENSIONS; VISUALIZATION; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR; POROSITY; GROWTH AB Automated serial sectioning is a flexible, low-cost technique for rapidly obtaining three-dimensional (3-D) microstructural data in a wide variety of materials. Advantages over previous manual methods are highlighted, and case studies are used to demonstrate the power of the technique for 3-D characterization and the generation of microstructural data for modeling. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Spowart, JE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jonathon.Spowart@wpafb.af.mil NR 40 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 55 IS 1 BP 5 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.01.019 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 045SL UT WOS:000237762400002 ER PT J AU Uchic, MD Groeber, MA Dimiduk, DM Simmons, JP AF Uchic, Michael D. Groeber, Michael A. Dimiduk, Dennis M. Simmons, J. P. TI 3D microstructural characterization of nickel superalloys via serial-sectioning using a dual beam FIB-SEM SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE microstructure; focused ion beam (FIB) microscopy ID MICROSCOPY; ION; MICROANALYSIS; TOMOGRAPHY AB Dual beam focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopes are well suited for characterizing micron and sub-micron size microstructural features in three dimensions via serial-sectioning procedures. Importantly, these commercially-available instruments can be used to collect morphological, crystallographic, and chemical information throughout a serial-sectioning experiment. Selected examples are shown to demonstrate these capabilities. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Uchic, MD (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.uchic@wpafb.af.mil NR 23 TC 141 Z9 144 U1 6 U2 49 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 55 IS 1 BP 23 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.02.039 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 045SL UT WOS:000237762400005 ER PT J AU Schuch, EM Linklater, AC Woolsey, CA AF Schuch, Eric M. Linklater, Amy C. Woolsey, Craig A. TI Design and modeling of a two-stage towed sensor platform SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Taber Ind, N Tonawanda, NY 14120 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Schuch, EM (reprint author), Taber Ind, N Tonawanda, NY 14120 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 7 BP 20 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 066UO UT WOS:000239255800004 ER PT J AU Smallwood, SA Eapen, KC Patton, ST Zabinski, JS AF Smallwood, SA Eapen, KC Patton, ST Zabinski, JS TI Performance results of MEMS coated with a conformal DLC SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE MEMS; DLC; MEMS wear debris; SEM; AES; reliability ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS MEMS; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ANTI-STICTION COATINGS; TRIBOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE; STATIC FRICTION; SLIDING-WEAR; THIN-FILMS; SILICON; DEVICES AB A MEMS electrostatic lateral output motor has been successfully coated with a diamond like carbon (DLC) coating to protect against wear. Experiments were performed to characterize coating chemistry and performance. Friction results from accelerated screening tests using a miniature, lightly loaded ball on flat tribometer showed that the DLC coating maintained low friction longer compared to uncoated silicon. DLC on DLC experiments showed the lowest friction, and those that were run in 30% RH showed a much longer lifetime than ones run in dry air. Uniformity of DLC coverage on MEMS was verified by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), microRaman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Micrographs revealed that there is about a 3:1 ratio of DLC coating for a line of sight deposition region to a non line of sight deposition region. DLC coated MEMS outperformed uncoated MEMS by 16X in air and 300X in vacuum, albeit performance in vacuum was lower than in air. A very clear difference in wear debris was seen between devices run in air and in vacuum. Cylindrical rolls were dominant in the devices that were run in air and platelets were dominant on devices run in vacuum. Ultimately, the DLC coating was found to greatly improve performance over uncoated MEMS. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Smallwood, SA (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM steven.smallwood@wpafb.af.mil; jeffrey.zabinski@wpafb.af.mil NR 50 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD JUN 30 PY 2006 VL 260 IS 11-12 BP 1179 EP 1189 DI 10.1016/j.wear.2005.07.019 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 053JT UT WOS:000238302100005 ER PT J AU Li, XJ Chen, W Zhan, QW Dai, LM Sowards, L Pender, M Naik, RR AF Li, XJ Chen, W Zhan, QW Dai, LM Sowards, L Pender, M Naik, RR TI Direct measurements of interactions between polypeptides and carbon nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID GENE DELIVERY; PLASMID DNA AB The interactions of various polypeptides with individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs), both multiwall (MW) and single wall (SW), were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). While adhesion forces arising from electrostatic attraction interactions between the protonated amine groups of polylysine and carboxylic groups on the acid-oxidized multi-wall carbon nanotubes (Ox-MWCNTs) dominate the interaction at a low pH, weaker adhesion forces via the hydrogen bonding between the neutral -NH2 groups of polylysine and -COO- groups of the Ox-MWCNTs were detected at a high pH. The adhesion force was further found to increase with the oxidation time for Ox-MWCNTs and to be negligible for oxidized single-wall carbon nanotubes (Ox-SWCNTs) because carboxylate groups were only attached onto the nanotube tips in the latter whereas onto both the nanotube tips and sidewall in the former. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that proteins containing aromatic moieties, such as polytryptophan, showed a stronger adhesion force with Ox-MWCNTs than that of polylysine because of the additional pi-pi stacking interaction between the polytryptophan chains and CNTs. C1 Univ Dayton, Sch Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, ML, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Dai, LM (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Sch Engn, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RI Li, Xiaojun/J-4460-2012 OI Li, Xiaojun/0000-0001-8528-8258 NR 16 TC 79 Z9 83 U1 5 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 29 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 25 BP 12621 EP 12625 DI 10.1021/jp061518d PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 055JP UT WOS:000238446900057 PM 16800593 ER PT J AU Foo, CWP Patwardhan, SV Belton, DJ Kitchel, B Anastasiades, D Huang, J Naik, RR Perry, CC Kaplan, DL AF Foo, CWP Patwardhan, SV Belton, DJ Kitchel, B Anastasiades, D Huang, J Naik, RR Perry, CC Kaplan, DL TI Novel nanocomposites from spider silk-silica fusion (chimeric) proteins SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE biomaterials; nanostructures; silaffin; biomineralization; ceramics ID BIOACTIVE COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; BOMBYX-MORI SILK; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); FIBROIN; SCAFFOLDS; FILMS; SILICIFICATION; MORPHOGENESIS; EXPRESSION; CRYSTALS AB Silica skeletal architectures in diatoms are characterized by remarkable morphological and nanostructural details. Silk proteins from spiders and silkworms form strong and intricate self-assembling fibrous biomaterials in nature. We combined the features of silk with biosilica through the design, synthesis, and characterization of a novel family of chimeric proteins for subsequent use in model materials forming reactions. The domains from the major ampullate spidroin 1 (MaSp1) protein of Nephila clavipes spider dragline silk provide control over structural and morphological details because it can be self-assembled through diverse processing methods including film casting and fiber electrospinning. Biosilica nanostructures in diatoms are formed in aqueous ambient conditions at neutral pH and low temperatures. The R5 peptide derived from the silaffin protein of Cylindrotheca fusiformis induces and regulates silica precipitation in the chimeric protein designs under similar ambient conditions. Whereas mineralization reactions performed in the presence of R5 peptide alone form silica particles with a size distribution of 0.5-10 mu m in diameter, reactions performed in the presence of the new fusion proteins generate nanocomposite materials containing silica particles with a narrower size distribution of 0.5-2 mu m in diameter. Furthermore, we demonstrate that composite morphology and structure could be regulated by controlling processing conditions to produce films and fibers. These results suggest that the chimeric protein provides new options for processing and control over silica particle sizes, important benefits for biomedical and specialty materials, particularly in light of the all aqueous processing and the nanocomposite features of these new materials. C1 Nottingham Trent Univ, Sch Biomed & Nat Sci, Interdisciplinary Biomed Res Ctr, Biomol & Mat Interface Res Grp, Nottingham NG11 8NS, England. Tufts Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Chem, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Bioengn & Biotechnol Ctr, Medford, MA 02155 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kaplan, DL (reprint author), Nottingham Trent Univ, Sch Biomed & Nat Sci, Interdisciplinary Biomed Res Ctr, Biomol & Mat Interface Res Grp, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, England. EM david.kaplan@tufts.edu RI Patwardhan, Siddharth/B-5037-2009 OI Patwardhan, Siddharth/0000-0002-4958-8840 NR 47 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 5 U2 61 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 20 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 25 BP 9428 EP 9433 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 058JD UT WOS:000238660400011 ER PT J AU Fan, L Hsu, TC Fallahi, M Murray, JT Bedford, R Kaneda, Y Hader, J Zakharian, AR Moloney, JV Koch, SW Stolz, W AF Fan, Li Hsu, Ta-Chen Fallahi, Mahmoud Murray, James T. Bedford, Robert Kaneda, Yushi Hader, Jorg Zakharian, Aramais R. Moloney, Jerome V. Koch, Stephan W. Stolz, Wolfgang TI Tunable watt-level blue-green vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers by intracavity frequency doubling SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS AB We report on the development and the demonstration of a tunable, watt-level, blue-green, linearly polarized vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers operating around 488 nm by intracavity second-harmonic generation. By using lithium triborate crystal, we have achieved over 1.3 W continuous wave blue-green power at 488 nm with a 5 nm tunability. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Arete Associates, Tucson, AZ 85751 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Arizona, Arizona Ctr Math Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. Univ Marburg, Ctr Mat Sci, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. RP Fan, L (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM lifan@optics.arizona.edu NR 10 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 19 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 25 AR 251117 DI 10.1063/1.2215635 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 055YR UT WOS:000238487800017 ER PT J AU Cahay, M Garre, K Wu, X Poitras, D Lockwood, DJ Fairchild, S AF Cahay, M Garre, K Wu, X Poitras, D Lockwood, DJ Fairchild, S TI Physical properties of lanthanum monosulfide thin films grown on (100) silicon substrates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RAMAN; LAS; GDS; PHONONS; METALS; YS AB Thin films of lanthanum monosulfide (LaS) have been deposited on Si (100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The films are golden yellow in appearance with a mirrorlike surface morphology and a sheet resistance around 0.1 Omega/rectangle, as measured using a four-probe measurement technique. The thin films are characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), ellipsometry, and Raman spectroscopy. The root-mean-square variation of (1 mu m thick) film surface roughness measured over a 1 mu m(2) area by AFM was found to be 1.74 nm. XRD analysis of fairly thick films (micrometer size) reveals the growth of the cubic rocksalt structure with a lattice constant of 5.863(7) A, which is close to the bulk LaS value. HRTEM images reveal that the films are comprised of nanocrystals separated by regions of amorphous material. Two beam bright field TEM images show that there is a strain contrast in the Si substrate right under the interface with the LaS film and penetrating into the Si substrate. This suggests that there is an initial epitaxial-like growth of the LaS film on the Si substrate that introduces a strain as a result of the 8% lattice mismatch between the film and substrate. Ellipsometry measurements of the LaS films are well characterized by a Drude-Lorentz model from which an electron concentration of about 2.52x10(22) cm(-3) and a mobility around 8.5 cm(2)/V s are derived. Typical crystalline LaS features were evident in Raman spectra of the films, but the spectra also revealed their disordered (polycrystalline) nature. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Cincinnati, ECECS Dept, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cahay, M (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, ECECS Dept, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM marc.cahay@uc.edu OI Poitras, Daniel/0000-0003-4403-8214; Wu, Xinglong/0000-0002-2787-3069 NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 12 AR 123502 DI 10.1063/1.2201998 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 059JV UT WOS:000238730000022 ER PT J AU Sutherland, RL Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Lloyd, PF Bunning, TJ AF Sutherland, RL Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Lloyd, PF Bunning, TJ TI Coherent diffraction and random scattering in thiol-ene-based holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal reflection gratings SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SWITCHABLE BRAGG GRATINGS; SWITCHING PROPERTIES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; MODEL; PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; TELECOMMUNICATIONS; POLARIZATION AB Bragg diffraction and random scattering in reflective holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal gratings are modeled using a matrix approach for a stack of low-high index layer pairs and an effective medium theory. Scattering is due to both random roughness of layer interfaces and random index variations within the layers. These are related to random liquid crystal droplet size and location as well as random orientation of the symmetry axes of bipolar droplets. Characteristic parameters governing coherent diffraction efficiency and random scattering are obtained partly from experiments, where possible, and partly from calculations based on a model of an effective medium applied to the grating. Calculations of grating transmittance are then compared to experimental transmittance spectra. Effects of scattering, primarily a decrease in baseline transmittance with wavelength and a small reduction in diffraction efficiency at the Bragg wavelength, are found to be due primarily to index inhomogeneities within the liquid-crystal-rich layers of the grating. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Sutherland, RL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sutherlandr@saic.com NR 31 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 12 AR 123104 DI 10.1063/1.2206876 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 059JV UT WOS:000238730000005 ER PT J AU Zorn, DD Boatz, JA Gordon, MS AF Zorn, Deborah D. Boatz, Jerry A. Gordon, Mark S. TI Electronic structure studies of tetrazolium-based ionic liquids SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR WAVE FUNCTIONS; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; POPULATION ANALYSIS; DYNAMICS SIMULATION; ORBITAL METHODS; BASIS-SETS; 1,3-DIMETHYLIMIDAZOLIUM CHLORIDE; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; ENERGETIC SALTS; ENERGIES AB New energetic ionic liquids are investigated as potential high energy density materials. Ionic liquids are composed of large, charge-diffuse cations, coupled with various (usually oxygen containing) anions. In this work, calculations have been performed on the tetrazolium cation with a variety of substituents. Density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP functional, using the 6-311G(d,p) basis set was used to optimize geometries. Improved treatment of dynamic electron correlation was obtained using second-order perturbation theory (MP2). Heats of formation of the cation with different substituent groups were calculated using isodesmic reactions and Gaussian-2 calculations on the reactants. The cation was paired with oxygen rich anions ClO4-, NO3-, or N(NO2)(2)(-) and those structures were optimized using both DFT and MP2. The reaction pathway for proton transfer from the cation to the anion was investigated. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Prop Div, PRS, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Gordon, MS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 51 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 23 BP 11110 EP 11119 DI 10.1021/jp060854r PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 050QK UT WOS:000238102800017 PM 16771373 ER PT J AU Lapovok, R Loader, C Dalla Torre, FH Semiatin, SL AF Lapovok, R. Loader, C. Dalla Torre, F. H. Semiatin, S. L. TI Microstructure evolution and fatigue behavior of 2124 aluminum processed by ECAE with back pressure SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE aluminum alloys; equal channel angular extrusion; ultrafine-grained structure; fatigue life ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; ULTRAFINE-GRAINED METALS; DISLOCATIONS; ENHANCE AB Microstructure evolution, workability, and post-working fatigue behavior were established for aluminum alloy 2124-T851 processed via equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) with back pressure. ECAE without back pressure resulted in complete fracture during the first pass. On the other hand, ECAE with back pressure enabled the production of sound material with significant grain refinement to the nano-scale. In contrast to typical property trends, an attractive combination of tensile ductility and LCF fatigue life was obtained as well as improved strength and HCF fatigue life compared to coarse-grained material in the as-received (T851) condition. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Monash Univ, Sch Phys & Mat Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. DSTO, Air Vehicles Div, Port Melbourne, Vic 3207, Australia. Wright Paterson Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLMP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lapovok, R (reprint author), Monash Univ, Sch Phys & Mat Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM Rimma.Lapovok@spme.monash.edu.au RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 17 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 425 IS 1-2 BP 36 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.03.023 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 093EU UT WOS:000241151500006 ER PT J AU Spowart, JE AF Spowart, Jonathan E. TI Microstructural characterization and modeling of discontinuously-reinforced aluminum composites SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE discontinuously-reinforced aluminum; spatial heterogeneity; micro-mechanical modeling; microstructure-property relationships ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; PARTICLE DISTRIBUTION; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; 3-DIMENSIONAL CHARACTERIZATION; QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA; 2-PHASE MATERIALS; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; VOLUME FRACTION AB Models for predicting the constitutive behavior of spatially-heterogeneous microstructures such as discontinuously-reinforced aluminum (DRA) and other metallic matrix composites based on unit cell approaches generally do not incorporate higher-order microstructural features such as degree of homogeneity and spatial anisotropy of the reinforcement phase. Moreover, more complex numerical models rarely encompass the volumes of material necessary to ensure statistical relevance. The present contribution offers an alternative approach for quantifying and then incorporating the microstructural homogeneity of these materials within an elastic-plastic finite element code. An attempt is made to model both the micromechanical length scale associated with the individual reinforcement particles and the microstructural length scale associated with their spatial distribution, at a greatly-reduced computational expense, by using a volume-averaged, discretized approach. A key assumption in this approach is that below the length scale of the discretization, the microstructure can be modeled by a uniform array of reinforcement particles. The effect of the level of discretization on predictions of microstructure-property relationships are not addressed directly in the present work. Detailed comparisons of the present model with discretely-modeled matrix-particle geometries will therefore form the basis of a subsequent publication. Nevertheless, several microstructure-property relationships are developed which reveal empirical relationships between microstructural homogeneity and the elastic-plastic response. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Spowart, JE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jonathan.spowart@wpafb.af.mil NR 58 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 425 IS 1-2 BP 225 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.03.064 PG 13 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 093EU UT WOS:000241151500030 ER PT J AU Cannon, PS Groves, K Fraser, DJ Donnelly, WJ Perrier, K AF Cannon, PS Groves, K Fraser, DJ Donnelly, WJ Perrier, K TI Signal distortion on VHF/UHF transionospheric paths: First results from the Wideband Ionospheric Distortion Experiment SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPACE-BASED RADAR; EQUATORIAL SCINTILLATION; PROPAGATION; MULTIPATH; VHF AB [1] To the best of our knowledge, we report the first determination of ionospheric distortion, comprising the simultaneous characterization of both multipath and Doppler, on wideband, transionospheric VHF ( 158 MHz) and UHF ( 422 MHz) signals. The measurements took place as part of the test phase of the United Kingdom - United States Wideband Ionospheric Distortion Experiment during the evening ( similar to 1000 UT) of 18 January 2005. This characterization has been achieved using the ALTAIR radar at the Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site on Kwajalein Atoll (9.395 degrees N, 167.469 degrees E (12.87 degrees N, 237.16 degrees E corrected geomagnetic)) in the Pacific, in conjunction with a low Earth orbiting, constant radar cross-section, passive satellite ( calibration sphere). During the period when the two-way S-4 index was above similar to 0.8 on both channels, the median coherency times were 43 and 96 ms at VHF and UHF, respectively ( at 1.5 sigma). The corresponding median coherency bandwidths were 0.8 and 2.1 MHz. C1 QinetiQ, Malvern WR14 3PS, Worcs, England. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Reagan Test Site, Kwajalein Atoll, TT USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Cannon, PS (reprint author), QinetiQ, Malvern WR14 3PS, Worcs, England. EM pcannon@qinetiq.com NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 41 IS 5 AR RS5S40 DI 10.1029/2005RS003369 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 057CX UT WOS:000238574400001 ER PT J AU Friedman, JF Stevens, AE Miller, TM Viggiano, AA AF Friedman, JF Stevens, AE Miller, TM Viggiano, AA TI Electron attachment to MoF6, ReF6, and WF6; reaction of MoF6- with ReF6 and reaction of Ar+ with MoF6 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HEXAFLUORIDE MOLECULES; BASIS-SETS; AFFINITY; ION; SF6; THRESHOLD; ENERGIES; SPECTROSCOPY; FLUORIDES; RESONANCE AB Rate constants were measured for electron attachment to MoF6, ReF6, and WF6 in 133 Pa of helium gas using a flowing-afterglow Langmuir-probe apparatus. The experiment is a thorny one because the molecules tend to form oxide impurities on feedline surfaces and because of thermal decomposition of MoF6 on surfaces as the gas temperature is increased. The electron attachment rate constant for MoF6 is (2.3 +/- 0.8)x10(-9) cm(3) s(-1) at 297 K; only MoF6- is formed in the temperature range of 297-385 K. The rate constant increases with temperature up to the point where decomposition becomes apparent. Electron attachment to ReF6 occurs with a rate constant of (2.4 +/- 0.8)x10(-9) cm(3) s(-1) at 297 K; only ReF6- is produced. MoF6- reacts with ReF6 to form ReF6- on essentially every collision, showing definitively that the electron affinity of ReF6 is greater than that of MoF6. A rate constant of (5.0 +/- 1.3)x10(-10) cm(3) s(-1) was measured for this ion-molecule reaction at 304 K. The reverse reaction is not observed. The reaction of Ar+ with MoF6 was found to produce MoF5++F, with a rate constant of (1.8 +/- 0.5)x10(-9) cm(3) s(-1). WF6 attaches electrons so slowly at room temperature that the attachment rate was below detection level (<= 10(-12) cm(3) s(-1)). By 552 K, the attachment rate constant reaches a value of (2 +/- 1)x10(-10) cm(3) s(-1). (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Phys Sci Inc, New England Business Ctr 20, Andover, MA 01810 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom Air Force Base, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. RP Friedman, JF (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM jeff@prtc.net NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 14 PY 2006 VL 124 IS 22 AR 224306 DI 10.1063/1.2202851 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 053BY UT WOS:000238279800021 PM 16784273 ER PT J AU Heinz, H Vaia, RA Farmer, BL AF Heinz, H Vaia, RA Farmer, BL TI Interaction energy and surface reconstruction between sheets of layered silicates SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; LONG-RANGE; MONTMORILLONITE; MICA; NANOCOMPOSITES; FORCE; TRANSITIONS; SYSTEMS; CHAINS; WATER AB Interactions between two layered silicate sheets, as found in various nanoscale materials, are investigated as a function of sheet separation using molecular dynamics simulation. The model systems are periodic in the xy plane, open in the z direction, and subjected to stepwise separation of the two silicate sheets starting at equilibrium. Computed cleavage energies are 383 mJ/m(2) for K-mica, 133 mJ/m(2) for K-montmorillonite (cation exchange capacity=91), 45 mJ/m(2) for octadecylammonium (C-18)-mica, and 40 mJ/m(2) for C-18-montmorillonite. These values are in quantitative agreement with experimental data and aid in the molecular-level interpretation. When alkali ions are present at the interface between the silicate sheets, partitioning of the cations between the surfaces is observed at 0.25 nm separation (mica) and 0.30 nm separation (montmorillonite). Originally strong electrostatic attraction between the two silicate sheets is then reduced to 5% (mica) and 15% (montmorillonite). Weaker van der Waals interactions decay within 1.0 nm separation. The total interaction energy between sheets of alkali clay is less than 1 mJ/m(2) after 1.5 nm separation. When C-18 surfactants are present on the surfaces, the organic layer (> 0.8 nm) acts as a spacer between the silicate sheets so that positively charged ammonium head groups remain essentially in the same position on the surfaces of the two sheets at any separation. As a result, electrostatic interactions are efficiently shielded and dispersive interactions account for the interfacial energy. The flexibility of the hydrocarbon chains leads to stretching, disorder, and occasional rearrangements of ammonium head groups to neighbor cavities on the silicate surface at medium separation (1.0-2.0 nm). The total interaction energy amounts to less than 1 mJ/m(2) after 3 nm separation. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Heinz, H (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM hendrik.heinz@wright.edu RI Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 NR 44 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 14 PY 2006 VL 124 IS 22 AR 224713 DI 10.1063/1.2202330 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 053BY UT WOS:000238279800055 PM 16784307 ER PT J AU Viggiano, AA AF Viggiano, A. A. TI Reexamination of ionospheric chemistry: high temperature kinetics, internal energy dependences, unusual isomers, and corrections SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ION-MOLECULE REACTIONS; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; SELECTIVE DIFFERENTIAL SCATTERING; PRODUCT BRANCHING RATIOS; FLOW-DRIFT TECHNIQUE; 300 DEGREES K; RATE CONSTANTS; DISSOCIATIVE RECOMBINATION; COLLISION ENERGY; CHARGE-TRANSFER AB A number of aspects of ionospheric chemistry are revisited. The review discusses in detail only work performed at AFRL, but other work is mentioned. A large portion of the paper discusses measurements of the kinetics of upper ionospheric reactions at very high temperatures, i.e. the upper temperature range has been extended to at least 1400 K and in some cases to 1800 K. These temperatures are high enough to excite vibrations in O-2, N-2, and NO and comparing them to drift tube data allows information on the rotational temperature and vibrational level dependences to be derived. Rotational and translational energy are equivalent in controlling the kinetics in most reactions. Vibrational energy in O-2 and N-2 is often found to promote reactivity which is shown to cause ionospheric density depletions. NO vibrations do not significantly affect the reactivity. In a number of cases, detailed calculations accompanied the experimental studies and elucidated details of the mechanisms. Kinetics of two peroxide isomers important in the lower ionospheric have been measured for the first time, i.e. NOO+ and ONOO-. Finally, two examples are shown where errors in previous data are corrected. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 144 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 14 PY 2006 VL 8 IS 22 BP 2557 EP 2571 DI 10.1039/b603585j PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 061ZB UT WOS:000238912200001 PM 16738710 ER PT J AU Xu, YJ Brittain, WJ Vaia, RA Price, G AF Xu, Yijin Brittain, William J. Vaia, Richard A. Price, Gary TI Improving the physical properties of PEA/PMMA blends by the uniform dispersion of clay platelets SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE elastomers; nanocomposites; montmorillonite (MMT) ID POLYMER/LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; MONTMORILLONITE; PRESSURE; BEHAVIOR; METHACRYLATE; COPOLYMERS; STABILITY; AMMONIUM; NYLON-6 AB Poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) emulsion blends that were combined with unmodified montmorillionite (MMT) to improve the physical properties via nanocomposite formation. We prepared a cationic PEA/PMMA latex and used a heterocoagulation process to create a homogeneous dispersion of the clay platelets in the matrix. The cationic PEA/PMMA emulsion blends were prepared using a cationic initiator in the presence of free surfactant, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTABr), followed by mixing with an aqueous slurry of MMT. The PEA/PMMA-MMT nanocomposites could be processed at low temperatures. Low temperature processing prevented the commonly observed discoloration associated with many thermoplastic nanocomposites. DSC, SAXS, TEM and AFM were used to study the dispersion of MMT and morphology of PEA/PMMA-MMT nanocomposites. Tensile stress, elongation at break and Young's modulus demonstrated a significant reinforcing effect of clay. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Brittain, WJ (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM wjbritt@uakron.edu NR 29 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUN 14 PY 2006 VL 47 IS 13 BP 4564 EP 4570 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.03.108 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 062CF UT WOS:000238921300015 ER PT J AU Sutherland, RL Cook, G Evans, DR AF Sutherland, RL Cook, G Evans, DR TI Determination of large nematic pre- tilt in liquid crystal cells with mechanically rubbed photorefractive Ce : SBN windows SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID JONES MATRIX-METHOD; HIGH-GAIN; AMPLIFICATION; NIOBATE; ANGLES AB We report on the determination of liquid crystal pre-tilt inside cells fabricated using single crystal birefringent and dichroic windows of cerium doped strontium barium niobate. We show that the average pre-tilt is significantly affected by the crystalline windows, leading to much larger values than those obtained with glass windows using identical fabrication methods. The same technique can be used to determine pre-tilts as large as 40 degrees, which is significantly larger than normally measurable using the cell rotation method. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH USA. Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH USA. RP Sutherland, RL (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM sutherlandr@saic.com NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUN 12 PY 2006 VL 14 IS 12 BP 5365 EP 5375 DI 10.1364/OE.14.005365 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 055GI UT WOS:000238437800050 PM 19516703 ER PT J AU Gruneisen, MT Dymale, RC Garvin, MB AF Gruneisen, Mark T. Dymale, Raymond C. Garvin, Matthew B. TI Wavelength-dependent characteristics of modulo N gimel(0) optical wavefront control SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATORS; LIQUID-CRYSTAL; TELESCOPE SYSTEM; BEAM STEERER; COMPENSATION AB A Fourier analysis treatment of the wavelength dependences associated with modulo lambda(r) optical path control, treating the general case of a modulo lambda(r) optical path difference function OPD (x, y) mod lambda(r) in which the reset wavelength lambda(r), is allowed to be an integer multiple of a nominal wavelength lambda(0), lambda(r), = N lambda(0), is presented. Equations are derived describing the wavelength-dependent characteristics of the diffraction efficiency and the wavefront errors associated with all diffracted orders. The results are applied to the cases of diffraction of a planar wavefront and compensation of large aberrations and show that over an extended spectral bandwidth the output field consists of multiple diffracted orders with a range of fractional wavefront errors that diminishes with increasing reset multiple N, but does not reach the diffraction limit associated with conventional optics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, NM USA. Boeing LTS Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Gruneisen, MT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 10 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 17 BP 4075 EP 4083 DI 10.1364/AO.45.004075 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 051ZH UT WOS:000238199700020 PM 16761048 ER PT J AU Roth, E Scott, R Deutsch, S Kuper, S Schmidt, V Stilson, M Wampler, J AF Roth, E. Scott, R. Deutsch, S. Kuper, S. Schmidt, V. Stilson, M. Wampler, J. TI Evolvable work-centred support systems for command and control: creating systems users can adapt to meet changing demands SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE work-centred support systems; evolvable systems; end-user development; C2; weather forecasting; work-centred design ID DESIGN AB Military command and control (C2) organizations are complex socio-technical systems which must constantly adapt to meet changing operational requirements. We describe our experiences in developing a work-centred support system (WCSS) to aid weather forecasting and monitoring in a military airlift C2 organization as an illustrative case. As part of the development process we conducted field observations both before and after introduction of the WCSS in their operations centre. A striking finding was the constant changes that operations personnel faced ( changes in goals and priorities, changes in scale of operations, changes in team roles and structure, and changes in information sources and systems). We describe the changes in workplace demands that we observed and the modi. cations we needed to make to the WCSS in response. For today's fielded systems, it is seldom possible to make changes that are responsive to users' changing requirements in a timely manner. We argue for the need to incorporate facilities that enable users to adapt their systems to the changing requirements of work and point to some promising directions towards evolvable work-centred support systems. C1 Roth Cognit Engn, Brookline, MA 02146 USA. BBN Technol, Cambridge, MA USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Roth, E (reprint author), Roth Cognit Engn, Brookline, MA 02146 USA. EM emroth@mindspring.com NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PD JUN 10 PY 2006 VL 49 IS 7 BP 688 EP 705 DI 10.1080/00140130600612556 PG 18 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 045GI UT WOS:000237730200005 PM 16720529 ER PT J AU Polak, M Demencik, E Jansak, L Mozola, P Aized, D Thieme, CLH Levin, GA Barnes, PN AF Polak, M. Demencik, E. Jansak, L. Mozola, P. Aized, D. Thieme, C. L. H. Levin, G. A. Barnes, P. N. TI ac losses in a YBa2Cu3O7-x coil SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID II-SUPERCONDUCTOR STRIP; COATED CONDUCTORS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; YBCO; GENERATORS; DENSITY AB The properties of a small pancake coil made with a 10 mm wide copper-stabilized YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) coated conductor were investigated. The radial component of the magnetic field was mapped at the coil edge in both the dc and ac regimes and differs significantly from that calculated assuming a uniform cur-rent distribution. The observed hysteresis indicates the strong influence of the ferromagnetic properties of the substrate. The, ac losses of the coil were measured for ac frequencies between 60 and 1000 Hz. The differences in properties of the YBCO coil and a similarly prepared copper coil are discussed. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Inst Elect Engn, Bratislava 84104, Slovakia. Amer Supercond Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Polak, M (reprint author), Inst Elect Engn, Bratislava 84104, Slovakia. EM paul.barnes@wpafb.af.mil NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 5 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 23 AR 232501 DI 10.1063/1.2207837 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 061ZV UT WOS:000238914500039 ER PT J AU Caton, R Groves, K AF Caton, R Groves, K TI Longitudinal correlation of equatorial ionospheric scintillation SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PLASMA BUBBLES; VARIABILITY; MODEL AB Studies at the Air Force Research Laboratory are investigating methods for the incorporation of expected data sets from the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast System (C/NOFS) satellite into existing scintillation specification models for an improved knowledge of the regional scintillation environment. Results from this research will form the basis for ground-based empirical scintillation forecast algorithms. One such study involves a determination of the extent to which correlations can be made for scintillation over a range of longitudes providing valid upstream (westward) forecasts of scintillation activity based on near real-time observations. Using archived data collected on Scintillation Network Decision Aid (SCINDA) receivers, a comprehensive study was conducted to numerically evaluate the correlation of scintillation on link pairings separated by varying degrees of longitude representing up to 3 hours in local time. C1 AER Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Caton, R (reprint author), AER Inc, 131 Hartwell Ave, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. EM rcaton@aer.com NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JUN 2 PY 2006 VL 41 IS 5 AR RS5S22 DI 10.1029/2005RS003357 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 050GH UT WOS:000238075000001 ER PT J AU Enloe, CL McLaughlin, TE Font, GI Baughn, JW AF Enloe, CL McLaughlin, TE Font, GI Baughn, JW TI Parameterization of temporal structure in the single-dielectric-barrier aerodynamic plasma actuator SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 10-13, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP AIAA ID LASER DEFLECTION; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; SILENT DISCHARGE; GLOW-DISCHARGE; MECHANISMS; GENERATION; SIMULATION; RESPONSES; NITROGEN; GAS AB We present the results of two measurements that describe the interaction of an aerodynamic plasma actuator (a dielectric barrier discharge plasma in which an asymmetric arrangement of electrodes leads to momentum coupling into neutral air) with the surrounding atmosphere. We show that the presence of oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere plays a substantial role in the efficiency of the actuator. We measure the time-resolved neutral air density in the vicinity of the actuator using a laser beam probe. We show that the effect of the actuator is to establish a region of increased neutral density in the vicinity of its exposed electrode's edge, and we show that the actuator couples directed momentum into the air by pulling air up-this density, gradient, against the corresponding pressure, and releasing it in the downstream direction when the plasma quenches, replacing it with air from the volume above the actuator. These measurements harmonize previously contradictory measurements of the actuator's behavior. C1 USAF Acad, DFAN, Aeronaut Res Ctr, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USAF Acad, DFP, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Enloe, CL (reprint author), USAF Acad, DFAN, Aeronaut Res Ctr, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 41 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1127 EP 1136 DI 10.2514/1.16297 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 059LK UT WOS:000238734100002 ER PT J AU Siegel, S Cohen, K McLaughlin, T AF Siegel, S Cohen, K McLaughlin, T TI Numerical simulations of a feedback-controlled circular cylinder wake SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 33rd Fluid Dynamics Conference CY JUN 22-26, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID LOW REYNOLDS-NUMBERS; LOW-DIMENSIONAL MODELS; DYNAMICS; TURBULENCE; FLOW AB The effect of feedback flow control on the wake of a circular cylinder at a Reynolds number of 100 is investigated in direct numerical simulation. The control approach uses a low-dimensional model based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The controller applies linear proportional, and differential feedback to the estimate of the first POD mode. The range of validity of the POD model is explored in detail. Actuation is implemented as displacement of the cylinder normal to the flow. It is demonstrated that the threshold peak amplitude below which the control actuation ceases to be effective is in the order of 5% of the cylinder diameter. The closed-loop feedback simulations explore the effect of both fixed-phase and variable-phase feedback on the wake. Whereas fixed-phase feedback is effective in reducing drag and unsteady lift, it fails to stabilize this state once the low drag state has been reached. Variable-phase feedback, however, achieves the same drag and unsteady lift reductions while being able to stabilize the flow in the low drag state. In the low drag state, the neat wake is entirely steady, whereas the far wake exhibits vortex shedding at a reduced intensity. A drag reduction of 15% of the drag was achieved, and the unsteady lift force was lowered by 90%. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Aeronaut Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Siegel, S (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Aeronaut Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. OI Cohen, Kelly/0000-0002-8655-1465 NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1266 EP 1276 DI 10.2514/1.4443 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 059LK UT WOS:000238734100015 ER PT J AU Szmerekovsky, AG Palazotto, AN AF Szmerekovsky, AG Palazotto, AN TI Structural dynamic considerations for a hydrocode analysis of hypervelocity test sled impacts SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Numerical analysis of a hypervelocity test sled configuration has been accomplished with structural dynamic analysis and hydrocode analysis for investigating hypervelocity gouging. Previous studies have considered these two aspects of the system primarily apart from each other. It is. desired to obtain numerical analysis of hypervelocity gouging that applies directly to a given test sled configuration. An improved analysis may be obtained for this purpose by applying structural dynamic considerations to the hydrocode analysis of slipper impacts on a rail. The primary objective of improving the input model for the hydrocode analysis is to simulate actual field conditions, such as sliding impacts with rail misalignments and on coated rails. The CTH hydrocode input model-is adjusted by the addition of an artificial mass to simulate the test sled mass. Three-dimensional impacts are considered in the context of two-dimensional plane strain conditions. Shock reflections are also considered, and the results for sliding impact with a rail misalignment are discussed. The numerical results indicate characteristics seen in field gouges such as jetting and high-temperature effects. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Szmerekovsky, AG (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM aszmere@adelphia.net NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1350 EP 1359 DI 10.2514/1.13803 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 059LK UT WOS:000238734100026 ER PT J AU Mihata, LCS Beutler, AI Boden, BP AF Mihata, Leanne C. S. Beutler, Anthony I. Boden, Barry P. TI Comparing the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injury in collegiate lacrosse, soccer, and basketball players - Implications for anterior cruciate ligament mechanism and prevention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury; lacrosse; collegiate; women ID KNEE AB Background: Female college basketball and soccer athletes have higher rates of anterior cruciate ligament injury than do their male counterparts. Rates of anterior cruciate ligament injuries for women and men in collegiate lacrosse have not been examined. Understanding anterior cruciate ligament injury patterns in lacrosse, a full-contact sport for men and noncontact sport for women, could further injury prevention efforts. Hypotheses: Female anterior cruciate ligament injury rates will decrease over time owing to longer participation in sports. Lacrosse anterior cruciate ligament injury rates will be lower than rates in basketball and soccer possibly owing to beneficial biomechanics of carrying a lacrosse stick. Study Design: Cohort study (Prevalence); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System were analyzed to compare men's and women's anterior cruciate ligament injuries in basketball, lacrosse, and soccer over 15 years. Results: Anterior cruciate ligament injury rates in women's basketball and soccer were 0.28 and 0.32 injuries per 1000 athlete exposures, respectively, and did not decline over the study period. In men's basketball, injury rate fluctuated between 0.03 and 0.13 athlete exposures. Rates of anterior cruciate ligament injury did not significantly change in men's soccer over the study period. The rate of anterior cruciate ligament injury in men's lacrosse (0.17 athlete exposures, P <.05) was significantly higher than in men's basketball (0.08 athlete exposures) and soccer (0.12 athlete exposures). Injury rate in women's lacrosse (0.18 athlete exposures, P <.05) was significantly lower than in women's basketball and soccer. Conclusion: There was no discernable change in rate of anterior cruciate ligament injury in men or women during the study period. Men's lacrosse is a high-risk sport for anterior cruciate ligament injury. Unlike basketball and soccer, the rates of anterior cruciate ligament injury are essentially the same in men's and women's lacrosse. The level of allowed contact in pivoting sports may be a factor in determining sport-specific anterior cruciate ligament risk. C1 Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Family Practice, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD USA. Orthoped Ctr, Rockville, MD USA. RP Beutler, AI (reprint author), Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Family Med, 1075 W Perimeter Rd, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. EM thesportsmd@yahoo.com NR 13 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 7 U2 64 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 6 BP 899 EP 904 DI 10.1177/0363546505285582 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 047OX UT WOS:000237889700003 PM 16567461 ER PT J AU Leungsakul, T Johnson, GR Wood, TK AF Leungsakul, T Johnson, GR Wood, TK TI Protein engineering of the 4-methyl-5-nitrocatechol monooxygenase from Burkholderia sp strain DNT for enhanced degradation of nitroaromatics SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOLUENE ORTHO-MONOOXYGENASE; BACILLUS-SPHAERICUS JS905; DIRECTED EVOLUTION; SATURATION MUTAGENESIS; PSEUDOMONAS-SP; 2-HYDROXYBIPHENYL 3-MONOOXYGENASE; 1-NAPHTHOL SYNTHESIS; P-NITROPHENOL; DIOXYGENASE; 2,4-DINITROTOLUENE AB 4-Methyl-5-nitrocatechol (4M5NC) monooxygenase (DntB) from Burkholderia sp. strain DNT catalyzes the second step of 2,4-dinitrotoluene degradation by converting 4M5NC to 2-hydroxy-5-methylquinone with the concomitant removal of the nitro group. DntB is a flavoprotein that has a very narrow substrate range. Here, error-prone PCR was used to create variant DntB M22L/L380I, which accepts the two new substrates 4-nitrophenol (4NP) and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (3M4NP). At 300 mu M of 4NP, the initial rate of the variant expressing M22L/L380I enzyme (39 +/- 6 nmol/min/mg protein) was 10-fold higher than that of the wild-type enzyme (4 +/- 2 nmol/min/mg protein). The values of k(cat)/K-m of the purified wild-type DntB enzyme and purified variant M22L/L380I were 40 and 450 (s(-1) M-1), respectively, which corroborates that the variant M22L/L380I enzyme has 11-fold-higher efficiency than the wild-type enzyme for 4NP degradation. In addition, the variant M22L/L380I enzyme has fourfold-higher activity toward 3M4NP; at 300 mu M, the initial nitrite release rate of M22L/L380I enzyme was 17 +/- 4 nmol/min/mg protein, while that of the wild-type enzyme was 4.4 +/- 0.7 nmol/min/mg protein. Saturation mutagenesis was also used to further investigate the role of the individual amino acid residues at positions M22, L380, and M22/L380 simultaneously. Mutagenesis at the individual positions M22L and L380I did not show appreciable enhancement in 4NP activity, which suggested that these two sites should be mutated together; simultaneous saturation mutagenesis led to the identification of the variant M22S/L380V, with 20% enhanced degradation of 4NP compared to the variant M22L/L3801. This is the first report of protein engineering for nitrite removal by a flavoprotein. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Artie McFerrin Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Environm Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Wood, TK (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Artie McFerrin Dept Chem Engn, 220 Jack E Brown Bldg, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM Thomas.Wood@chemail.tamu.edu OI Wood, Thomas/0000-0002-6258-529X NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 72 IS 6 BP 3933 EP 3939 DI 10.1128/AEM.02966-05 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 057UG UT WOS:000238620100016 PM 16751499 ER PT J AU Christou, JC Drummond, JD AF Christou, JC Drummond, JD TI Measurements of binary stars, including two new discoveries, with the lick observatory adaptive optics system SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; binaries : close; instrumentation : adaptive optics; techniques : photometric ID POINT-SPREAD FUNCTIONS; PHOTOMETRY; ASTROMETRY AB We present astronomical results from observations for a number of multiple star systems observed with the Lick Observatory natural guide star adaptive optics system. We have discovered and classified a fifth component in the iota Cas system and a third component for the wide binary WDS 00310+2839. Using two different data reduction techniques, we demonstrate relative astrometric precision to 2-3 mas and photometric precision to within 0.05 mag. The binary stars enable anisoplanatism to be measured, from which a mean turbulence height over Lick Observatory of 1.5-3 km is determined. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Adapt Opt, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Starfire Opt Range, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Christou, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Adapt Opt, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM christou@ucolick.org NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 131 IS 6 BP 3100 EP 3108 DI 10.1086/503255 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 051QT UT WOS:000238176400027 ER PT J AU Hurd, WW Montminy, RJ De Lorenzo, RA Burd, LT Goldman, BS Loftus, TJ AF Hurd, WW Montminy, RJ De Lorenzo, RA Burd, LT Goldman, BS Loftus, TJ TI Physician roles in aeromedical evacuation: Current practices in USAF operations SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE patient transportation; air ambulances; military medicine; emergency medical services AB Physicians play an increasingly important role in the critical medical process of aeromedical evacuation (AE). Incomplete or inappropriate preparation for AE can result in increased patient discomfort, and in the worst cases, potentially serious or insurmountable in-flight medical problems. During military operations and in response to natural disasters, physicians are responsible for four processes necessary for a successful AE mission. These include: 1) AE screening, including determination of appropriate classification, precedence, and special medical requirements; 2) validation; 3) medical preparation; and 4) clearance. Physicians responsible for preparing patients for AE need to understand both the patient evacuation system and the unique medical aspects associated with AE. The U.S. military patient evacuation system is comprised of three principal transportation phases: casualty evacuation; inter-theater AE; and intra-theater AE. Important elements of the USAF AE system are patient movement requirements centers, the validating flight surgeon, aeromedical staging facilities, AE liaison teams, aeromedical crews, and critical care air transport (CCAT) teams. important medical aspects unique to AE include the effects of flight physiology oil medical conditions, oxygen limitations, and distinctive medication and supplies requirements. C1 Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Div Aerosp Med, Dayton, OH 45409 USA. Headquarters Air Force Safety Ctr, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Houston, TX USA. Aerosp Med Flight, Med Grp 436, Dover AFB, DE USA. Crit Care Transport Flight, Aeromed Staging Squadron 445, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Air Mobil Command, Scott AFB, IL USA. RP Hurd, WW (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Div Aerosp Med, 128 E Apple St,3800 Weber Bldg, Dayton, OH 45409 USA. EM william.hurd@wright.edu NR 19 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 77 IS 6 BP 631 EP 638 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 049BX UT WOS:000237991600010 PM 16780242 ER PT J AU Files, D AF Files, D TI Pre-diabetes SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TYPE-2 AB Pre-diabetes is the situation of having chronically high blood sugars but not meeting diagnostic criteria for diabetes. Many steps can be taken to delay or prevent the onset of diabetes in people with this condition. In general, the aviation medical examiner can issue a certificate to these airmen, but HbA1c readings greater than 6.0 should prompt further workup. The use of medications for pre-diabetes (such as metformin or acarbose) will require the submission of clinical information to the Aerospace Medical Certification Division. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Files, D (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 77 IS 6 BP 658 EP 659 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 049BX UT WOS:000237991600015 PM 16780247 ER PT J AU Schwertner, HA McGlasson, DL Christopher, M Bush, AC AF Schwertner, H. A. McGlasson, D. L. Christopher, M. Bush, A. C. TI Effects of different aspirin formulations on plasma salicylate concentrations SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 23-27, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 52 IS 6 SU S MA A90 BP A29 EP A30 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 048CT UT WOS:000237925900091 ER PT J AU Cheng, ZG Pitz, RW Wehrmeyer, JA AF Cheng, ZG Pitz, RW Wehrmeyer, JA TI Lean and ultralean stretched propane-air counterflow flames SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Raman scattering; propane; planar; counterflow; opposed jet ID PREMIXED LAMINAR FLAMES; METHANE/AIR FLAMES; LEWIS NUMBERS; BIFURCATIONS; EXTINCTION; COMBUSTION; CHEMISTRY; REACTANTS AB Stretched laminar flame structures for a wide range Of C3H8-air mixtures vs hot products are investigated by laser-based diagnostics and numerical simulation. The hot products are produced by a lean H-2-air premixed flame. The effect of stretch rate and equivalence ratio on four groups of C3H8-air flame structures is studied in detail by Raman scattering measurements and by numerical calculations of the major species concentration and temperature profiles. The equivalence ratio, phi, is varied from a near-stoichiometric condition (phi = 0.86) to the sublean limit (phi = 0.44) and the stretch rate varies from 90 s(-1) to near extinction. For most of these C3H8-air lean mixtures, hot products are needed to maintain the flame. The significant feature of these flames is the relatively low flame temperatures (1200-1800 K). For this temperature range, the predicted C3H8-air flame structure is sensitive to the specific chemical kinetic mechanism. Two types of flame structures (a lean self-propagating flame and a lean diffusion-controlled flame) are obtained based on the combined effect of stretch and equivalence ratio. Three different mechanisms, the M5 mechanism, the Optimized mechanism, and the San Diego mechanism, are chosen for the numerical simulations. None of the propane chemical mechanisms give good agreement with the data over the entire range of flame conditions. (c) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Pitz, RW (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Box 1592,Stn B, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM robert.w.pitz@vanderbilt.edu RI Pitz, Robert/H-7868-2016 OI Pitz, Robert/0000-0001-6435-5618 NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUN PY 2006 VL 145 IS 4 BP 647 EP 662 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2006.02.006 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 051SX UT WOS:000238182300001 ER PT J AU Xu, K Josyula, E AF Xu, Kun Josyula, Eswar TI Continuum formulation for non-equilibrium shock structure calculation SO COMMUNICATIONS IN COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE non-equilibrium flow; bulk viscosity; kinetic scheme; shock structure ID ROTATIONAL RELAXATION; BURNETT EQUATIONS; ELECTRON-BEAM; WAVES; NITROGEN; FLOWS; REGULARIZATION; SCHEME; MODELS; GASES AB Are extensions to continuum formulations for solving fluid dynamic problems in the transition-to-rarefied regimes viable alternatives to particle methods? It is well known that for increasingly rarefied flow fields, the predictions from continuum formulation, such as the Navier-Stokes equations lose accuracy. These inaccuracies are attributed primarily to the linear approximations of the stress and heat flux terms in the Navier-Stokes equations. The inclusion of higher-order terms, such as Burnett or high-order moment equations, could improve the predictive capabilities of such continuum formulations, but there has been limited success in the shock structure calculations, especially for the high Mach number case. Here, after reformulating the viscosity and heat conduction coefficients appropriate for the rarefied flow regime, we will show that the Navier-Stokes-type continuum formulation may still be properly used. The equations with generalization of the dissipative coefficients based on the closed solution of the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) model of the Boltzmann equation, are solved using the gas-kinetic numerical scheme. This paper concentrates on the non-equilibrium shock structure calculations for both monatomic and diatomic gases. The Landau-Teller-Jeans relaxation model for the rotational energy is used to evaluate the quantitative difference between the translational and rotational temperatures inside the shock layer. Variations of shear stress, heat flux, temperatures, and densities in the internal structure of the shock waves are compared with, (a) existing theoretical solutions of the Boltzmann solution, (b) existing numerical predictions of the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, and (c) available experimental measurements. The present continuum formulation for calculating the shock structures for monatomic and diatomic gases in the Mach number range of 1.2 to 12.9 is found to be satisfactory. C1 Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Math, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Xu, K (reprint author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Math, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM makxu@ust.hk RI Xu, Kun/F-7627-2011 NR 35 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 8 PU GLOBAL SCIENCE PRESS PI WANCHAI PA ROOM 3208, CENTRAL PLAZA, 18 HARBOUR RD, WANCHAI, HONG KONG 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1815-2406 EI 1991-7120 J9 COMMUN COMPUT PHYS JI Commun. Comput. Phys. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 1 IS 3 BP 425 EP 448 PG 24 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 096BX UT WOS:000241353100002 ER PT J AU Duong, CN Verhoeven, S Guijt, CB AF Duong, CN Verhoeven, S Guijt, CB TI Analytical and experimental study of load attractions and fatigue crack growths in two-sided bonded repairs SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE bonded repairs; composite patch; fatigue crack growth; load attraction AB With an increasing use of bonded composite patches for repairing fatigue and other damage on metallic aircraft structures, a research program under the sponsorship of the US Air Force Research Laboratory has been conducted for the advancement of this bonded composite technology. Through this research program, analytical methods for design and analysis of bonded patches have been developed and integrated into a PC-based computer code called CRAS (Composite Repair of Aircraft Structure) software. These analytical methods are reviewed briefly in this paper and they are validated with test results. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Boeing Co, Huntington Beach, CA 92647 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Ctr Aircraft Struct Life Extens, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Duong, CN (reprint author), Boeing Co, 5301 Bolsa Ave,MC H013-C326, Huntington Beach, CA 92647 USA. EM cong.n.duong@boeing.com NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 4 BP 394 EP 402 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2005.02.011 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 041CX UT WOS:000237432000002 ER PT J AU Mall, S Engesser, JM AF Mall, S Engesser, JM TI Effects of frequency on fatigue behavior of CVIC/SiC at elevated temperature SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ceramics matrix composites; fatigue; frequency effects; elevated temperature; carbon/silicon carbide ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; COMPOSITES AB Effects of frequency on fatigue behavior of a chemical vapor infiltrated carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide composite (C/SiC) were investigated at an elevated temperature of 550 degrees C. Tension-tension fatigue tests were conducted at three frequencies: 0.1, 10 and 375 Hz to establish stress versus cycles to failure (S-N) relationships. There was an increase in cycles to failure at a given stress level as frequency increased from 0.1 to 375 Hz at elevated temperature. This trend was different at room temperature where cycles to failure decreased when frequency changed from 40 to 375 Hz but remained almost same below 40 Hz. There was a reduction in cycles to failure at frequencies less than 40 Hz but cycles to failure remained same at a higher frequency of 375 Hz when test environment changed from room temperature to 550 degrees C. Analysis of damage mechanisms showed that the oxidation of carbon fibers was the major difference between the room and elevated temperatures, which caused a reduction in cycles to failure with lower frequencies at elevated temperature in comparison to that at room temperature. However, oxidation of carbon fibers was almost absent or negligible at higher frequency at elevated temperature, which caused practically no reduction in cycles to failure at elevated temperature in comparison to their counterparts at room temperature. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 18 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 66 IS 7-8 BP 863 EP 874 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.06.020 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 029MN UT WOS:000236567300001 ER PT J AU Wang, BG Callahan, MJ AF Wang, BG Callahan, MJ TI Ammonothermal synthesis of III-nitride crystals SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Review ID GAN SINGLE-CRYSTALS; CUBIC GALLIUM NITRIDE; VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; SUPERCRITICAL AMMONIA; HIGH-PRESSURE; HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS; SOLVOTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; ALUMINUM HALIDES; HEAT-TRANSFER; HIGH-PURITY AB Ammonothermal synthesis of nitrides is reviewed, with an emphasis on gallium and aluminum nitrides due to their important applications as direct wide band gap semiconductors. Since the crystallization process of nitrides involves the formation of some intermediate compounds during ammonothermal synthesis where a mineralizer is used, some ternary amides and ammoniates of aluminum and gallium with alkali metals or halides are also reviewed briefly. The ammonothermal crystallization of GaN and AlN bulk crystals, which is analogous to the hydrothermal growth of oxides, is introduced. Retrograde solubility, mineralizers, pressure-temperature-volume-concentration (PTVC) relations, phase relations, and transport growth of GaN in alkaline solutions are discussed in detail. Recent progress of GaN single-crystal growth by the ammonothermal technique is reported. We have grown GaN bulk single crystals up to 10 mm(2) by 1-mm thick. Issues such as ammonia breakdown, impurity incorporation, and scale-up of the ammonothermal growth of III-nitrides and perspectives on the method are also discussed. C1 Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. USAF, Sensor Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Wang, BG (reprint author), Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. EM buguo@solidstatescientific.com NR 132 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 5 U2 83 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 6 IS 6 BP 1227 EP 1246 DI 10.1021/cg050271r PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 050OH UT WOS:000238097300002 ER PT J AU Wang, BG Callahan, MJ Bouthillette, LO AF Wang, BG Callahan, MJ Bouthillette, LO TI Hydrothermal growth and photoluminescence of Zn1-xMgxO alloy crystals SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID ZINC-OXIDE; MG(X)ZN1-XO ALLOYS; ZNO; ABSORPTION; MGXZN1-XO; FILMS; BLUE AB Zn1-xMgxO alloy formation via band gap engineering is important in the development of blue-UV optoelectronic devices by providing lattice-matched transparent substrates for ZnO and nitride-related devices. Zn1-xMgxO alloy single crystals (Zn0.97Mg0.03O and Zn0.945Mg0.055O) have been successfully grown by the hydrothermal technique. The growth experiments were carried out at 650 degrees C and 15-18 kpsi in alkaline solutions. Zn1-xMgxO alloy crystals were formed at pressures below similar to 22 kpsi at the growth temperature of 650 degrees C. These conditions are similar to the formation of MgO under hydrothermal conditions. A thin ZnO layer formed on the surface of the ZnMgO crystals as the autoclaves cooled to room temperature. After the ZnO layer was removed by etching or polishing from both the Zn0.97Mg0.03O and Zn0.945Mg0.055O samples, blue shifts of the photoluminescence emission from the 3.364 eV line of pure ZnO to 3.414 and 3.447 eV, respectively, were measured at similar to 18 K. The composition of the alloys was confirmed by using secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) elemental analysis. X-ray diffraction indicated that the alloy crystals have good structural quality, whereas the lattice parameters are smaller than those of pure ZnO (for Zn0.945Mg0.055O a=3.2416 angstrom, c=5.1998 angstrom) because the radius of Mg2+ is smaller than that of Zn2+. C1 Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. USAF, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Wang, BG (reprint author), Solid State Sci Corp, 27-2 Wright Rd, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. EM buguo@solidstatescientific.com; Michael.callahan@hanscom.af.mil NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 6 IS 6 BP 1256 EP 1260 DI 10.1021/cg0504004 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 050OH UT WOS:000238097300006 ER PT J AU Murphy, RO Rapoport, A Parco, JE AF Murphy, RO Rapoport, A Parco, JE TI The breakdown of cooperation in iterative real-time trust dilemmas SO EXPERIMENTAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE centipede game; cooperation; population dynamics; trust; trust dilemmas ID CENTIPEDE GAME; PERFECT-INFORMATION; BACKWARD INDUCTION; FORM; EQUILIBRIUM; RECIPROCITY; BELIEF; RATIONALITY; COMMITMENTS; KNOWLEDGE AB We study a class of trust-based cooperation dilemmas that evolve in continuous time. Characteristic of these dilemmas is that as long as all n players continue to cooperate, their payoffs increase monotonically over time. Simultaneously, the temptation to defect increases too, as the first player to defect terminates the interaction and receives the present value of the payoff function whereas each of the other n-1 players only receives a proportion delta (0 < delta < 1) of the defecting player's payoff. We introduce a novel experimental institution that we call the Real-Time Trust Game (RTTG) to examine this class of interactions. We then report the results from an iterated RTTG in which the values of n and delta are varied in a between-subjects design. In all conditions, cooperation breaks down in the population over iterations of the game. The rate of breakdown sharply increases as n increases and more slowly decreases as delta increases. C1 Columbia Univ, Ctr Decis Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Management & Policy, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Econ, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. USAF Acad, Dept Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Murphy, RO (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Ctr Decis Sci, 420 W 118th St,Room 805A Mail Code 3355, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM rom2102@columbia.edu; amnon@u.arizona.edu; james.parco@usafa.edu RI Parco, James/I-4836-2012 NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-4157 J9 EXP ECON JI Exp. Econ. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 9 IS 2 BP 147 EP 166 DI 10.1007/s10683-006-7049-4 PG 20 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 049KW UT WOS:000238016100004 ER PT J AU Polak, M Demencik, E Jansak, L Usak, E Mozola, P Thieme, CLH Aized, D Levin, GA Barnes, PN AF Polak, M. Demencik, E. Jansak, L. Usak, E. Mozola, P. Thieme, C. L. H. Aized, D. Levin, G. A. Barnes, P. N. TI Properties of a YBCO pancake coil operating with AC current at frequencies up to 1000 Hz SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE losses; magnetic fields; superconducting magnets ID II-SUPERCONDUCTOR STRIP; MAGNETIC-FIELD; CONDUCTORS; TAPES AB A small pancake coil was wound using 1.2 m long, 10 mm wide YBCO coated superconductor tape with impregnation by epoxy resin. The coil was immersed in liquid nitrogen and tested in several regimes. In the DC regime, we measured the I-V curve, the hysteresis of the magnetic field-current curve at liquid nitrogen temperature and the radial component of the coil field at the coil edges. The critical currents of a short sample at 77 K were also measured and compared with those of the coil. The AC losses measured in the frequency range from 60 Hz to 1000 Hz are compared with those of a similar coil wound with copper tape. The coil heating due to AC losses was monitored. At 60 Hz, the losses of the YBCO coil were nearly two orders of magnitude lower than those in the Cu coil. With increasing frequency, this difference becomes smaller, but the YBCO coil still exhibited lower losses at 1000 Hz. C1 Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Elect Engn, Bratislava 84104, Slovakia. Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Polak, M (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Elect Engn, Bratislava 84104, Slovakia. EM elekpola@savba.sk; CThieme@amsuper.com; paul.barnes@wpafb.af.mil NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 1423 EP 1426 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.870774 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100328 ER PT J AU Seaman, RL Comeaux, JA AF Seaman, RL Comeaux, JA TI Comments on "Evaluation of interactions of electric fields due to electrostatic discharge with human tissue" SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material DE electrostatic discharge; strength-duration curve; threshold; ultra-wideband pulse ID GRADIENT FIELDS; BODY AB Attention is drawn to recent paper by Rogers et al (Aug., 2004) in which ultra-wideband pulses are applied to an isolated muscle as part of deriving a strength-duration curve for threshold stimulation. The paper extends the strength-duration threshold curve for unipolar pulses down to a pulse duration of about 1 ns, on the order of 1000 times shorter than previously studied. Results of the work justify use of traditional mathematical models of the strength-duration curve for nanosecond pulses, as done recently for the electric field resulting from electrostatic discharge through the body (Dawson, et al, 2004). C1 Adv Informat Engn Serv, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Seaman, RL (reprint author), Adv Informat Engn Serv, POB 35505, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM ronald.seaman.ctr@brooks.af.mil; james.comeaux.ctr@brooks.af.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9294 J9 IEEE T BIO-MED ENG JI IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1220 EP 1220 DI 10.1109/TBME.2006.870214 PG 1 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 047AF UT WOS:000237851500030 PM 16761853 ER PT J AU Coutu, RA Reid, JR Cortez, R Strawser, RE Kladitis, PE AF Coutu, Ronald A., Jr. Reid, James R. Cortez, Rebecca Strawser, Richard E. Kladitis, Paul E. TI Microswitches with sputtered Au, AuPd, Au-on-AuPt, and AuPtCu alloy electric contacts SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS AND PACKAGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts/22nd International Conference on Electrical Contacts CY SEP 20-23, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, CPMT DE alloys; electric contacts; microelectromechanical systems (MEMS); microswitch ID MEMS SWITCHES; ROUGH SURFACES; RESISTANCE; MODEL; SIZE AB This paper is the first to report on a new analytic model for predicting microcontact resistance and the design, fabrication, and testing of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) metal contact switches with sputtered bimetallic (i.e., gold (Au)-on-Au-platinum (Pt), (Au-on-Au-(6.3at%)Pt)); binary alloy (i.e., Au-palladium (Pd), (Au-(3.7at%)Pd)), and ternary alloy (i.e., Au-Pt-copper (Cu), (Au-(5.0at%)Pt-(0.5at%)Cu)) electric contacts. The microswitches with bimetallic and binary alloy contacts resulted in contact resistance values between 1-2 Omega. Preliminary reliability testing indicates a 3 x increase in switching lifetime when compared to microswitches with sputtered An electric contacts. The ternary alloy exhibited approximately a 6 x increase in switch lifetime with contact resistance values ranging from approximately 0.2-1.8 Omega. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL Sensors Directorate, Aerosp Components Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Antenna Technol Branch, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Coutu, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL Sensors Directorate, Aerosp Components Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rscoutu@earthlink.net RI Coutu, Ronald/I-7711-2014 NR 28 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1521-3331 J9 IEEE T COMPON PACK T JI IEEE Trans. Compon. Packaging Technol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 29 IS 2 BP 341 EP 349 DI 10.1109/TCAPT.2006.0875898 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 048YN UT WOS:000237982600016 ER PT J AU Bradley, CJ Terzuoli, AJ AF Bradley, CJ Terzuoli, AJ TI Reply to correction to "An investigation of bistatic calibration objects" SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Bradley, CJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM a.j.terzuoli@ieee.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1692 EP 1692 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2006.873919 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 046PR UT WOS:000237824000031 ER PT J AU Levush, B Borsuk, G Abrams, R Danly, B Granatstein, V Barker, R AF Levush, B Borsuk, G Abrams, R Danly, B Granatstein, V Barker, R TI A tribute to Robert k. Parker 1942-2005 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Levush, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 500 EP 501 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.875826 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 057FU UT WOS:000238582500002 ER PT J AU White, WM Gilgenbach, RM Jones, MC Neculaes, VB Lau, YY Pengvanich, P Jordan, NMC Hoff, BW Edgar, R Spencer, TA Price, D AF White, WM Gilgenbach, RM Jones, MC Neculaes, VB Lau, YY Pengvanich, P Jordan, NMC Hoff, BW Edgar, R Spencer, TA Price, D TI Radio frequency priming of a long-pulse relativistic magnetron SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE high-power microwaves; magnetrons; priming; pulse shortening ID RISING-SUN; OPERATION; LOCKING; CATHODE AB Rapid startup, increased pulsewidth, and mode locking of magnetrons have been explored experimentally on a relativistic magnetron by radio frequency (RF) priming. Experiments utilize a -300 kV, 2-8 kA, 300-500-ns electron beam to drive a Titan six-vane relativistic magnetron (5-100 MW output power in each of the three waveguides). The RF priming source is a 100-kW pulsed magnetron operating at 1.27-1.32 GHz. Tuning stubs are utilized in the Titan structure to adjust the frequency of the relativistic magnetron to match that of the priming source. Experiments are performed on rising sun as well as standard anode configurations. Magnetron start-oscillation time, pulsewidth, and pi-mode locking are compared with RF priming versus the unprimed case. The results show significant reductions in microwave output delay and mode competition even when Adler's Relation is not satisfied. C1 Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Plasma Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. GE Global Res Ctr, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. L3 Commun Titan Corp, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RP White, WM (reprint author), Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rongilg@umich.edu NR 27 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 627 EP 634 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.875829 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 057FU UT WOS:000238582500019 ER PT J AU Cohen, SA Sun, X Ferraro, NM Scime, EE Miah, M Stange, S Siefert, NS Boivin, RF AF Cohen, SA Sun, X Ferraro, NM Scime, EE Miah, M Stange, S Siefert, NS Boivin, RF TI On collisionless ion and electron populations in the magnetic nozzle experiment (MNX) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nonlocal, Collisionless Electron Transport in Plasmas CY 2005 CL Princeton Plasma Physic Lab, Princeton, NJ HO Princeton Plasma Physic Lab DE double layer; helicon; laser-induced-fluorescence (LIF); magnetic nozzle ID FREE DOUBLE-LAYER; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; HELICON PLASMA; DISCHARGE; WAVES; PROPULSION; DEVICE AB The Magnetic Nozzle Experiment (MNX) is a linear magnetized helicon-heated plasma device, with applications to advanced spacecraft-propulsion methods and solar-corona physics. This paper reviews ion and electron energy distributions measured in MNX with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and probes, respectively. Ions, cold and highly collisional in the main MNX region, are accelerated along a uniform magnetic field to sonic then supersonic speeds as they exit the main region through either mechanical or magnetic apertures. A sharp decrease in density downstream of the aperture(s) helps effect a transition from collisional to collisionless plasma. The electrons in the downstream region have an average energy somewhat higher than that in the main region. From LIF ion-velocity measurements, we find upstream of the aperture a presheath of strength Delta phi(ps) = T-mr(e), where T-mr(e) is the electron temperature in the main region, and length similar to 3 cm, comparable to the ion-neutral mean-free-path; immediately downstream of the aperture is an electrostatic double layer of strength Delta phi(DL) = 3-10 T-mr(e) and length 0.3-0.6 cm, 30-600 lambda(D). The existence of a small, ca. 0.1%, superthermal electron population with average energy similar to 10 T-mr(e) is inferred from considerations of spectroscopic line ratios, floating potentials, and Langmuir probe data. The superthermal electrons are suggested to be the source for the large Delta phi(DL). C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Univ Michigan, Univ Res Program Robot, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Cohen, SA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM scohen@pppl.gov NR 43 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 792 EP 803 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.875846 PN 2 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 057FW UT WOS:000238582700009 ER PT J AU Demidov, V DeJoseph, C Kudryavtsev, A AF Demidov, Vladimir DeJoseph, Charles, Jr. Kudryavtsev, Anatoly TI Nonlocal effects in a bounded afterglow plasma with fast electrons SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nonlocal, Collisionless Electron Transport in Plasmas CY 2005 CL Princeton Plasma Physic Lab, Princeton, NJ HO Princeton Plasma Physic Lab DE afterglow plasma; diffusion cooling; electron energy distribution function (EEDF); modeling; near-wall sheath; stepwise excitation ID STEPWISE EXCITATION; COUPLED PLASMA; DIFFUSION; SHEATH; ATOMS; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; DISCHARGES; ENERGIES; KINETICS AB Effects connected with nonlocality of the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) in a bounded, afterglow plasma with fast electrons can lead to a significant (many times of T-e/e) increase in the near-wall potential drop, even if the density of this fast group is only a small fraction of the total electron density. This can substantially change the near-wall sheath thickness and electric field. Nonlocal fast electrons which are partially trapped in the plasma volume can increase the rate of stepwise excitation, supply additional heating to slow electrons and reduce their diffusion cooling rate. Altering the source terms of these fast electrons, to change their production rate will, therefore, alter the near-wall sheath and, through modification of the EEDF, a number of plasma parameters. Another possibility of modifying the EEDF is by application of a negative potential to a portion of the plasma boundary. This can allow modification of the fast part of the EEDF. The above effects and methods can be used in various research and technical applications. C1 UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. RP Demidov, V (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RI Demidov, Vladimir/A-4247-2013; Kudryavtsev, Anatoly/I-3413-2012 OI Demidov, Vladimir/0000-0002-2672-7684; Kudryavtsev, Anatoly/0000-0002-2232-2954 NR 44 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 825 EP 833 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.872338 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 057FW UT WOS:000238582700012 ER PT J AU Morris, TA Marciniak, MA Wollenweber, GC Turk, JA AF Morris, TA Marciniak, MA Wollenweber, GC Turk, JA TI Analysis of uncertainties in infrared camera measurements of a turbofan engine in an altitude test cell SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE infrared radiation; infrared optical systems; infrared windows; spectral emittance; reflectance; transmittance; parametric analysis; turbofan engines; altitude test cell ID TEMPERATURE AB The infrared (IR) signature of a jet aircraft engine in altitude operation is a key component for the design of effective IR countermeasures and low-emission engines. Predicting the signature with radiometric models is widely accomplished, but measurements in situ are crucial for model verification. The altitude test cell provides a venue for measuring the IR signature in a simulated altitude environment, but the facility is designed for testing engines, not IR imaging. As a result, the imaging in the test cell is laden with measurement uncertainty due to stray radiation from the facility structure, hot exhaust gases, and the measurement equipment itself. Post-processing using correction factors is necessary to extract the engine signal from the stray radiation. This research investigated the uncertainties in measuring the IR signature of a turbofan engine inside an altitude test cell. The engine is measured by an IR camera immersed in the hot exhaust gases 35 feet downstream from the on-engine axis view. A protective enclosure and zinc selenide (ZnSe) window shield the camera from the heat and vibrations of the plume. The requirements for the IR measurement system include the apparent intensity and radiance of the visible engine surfaces in three bands of operation, two Medium Wave IR (MWIR) bands and one Long Wave IR (LWIR), with a spatial resolution of I in. To explore the extent of the measurement uncertainties, a radiometric model of the altitude test cell is formulated to quantify the engine and stray flux. To increase the fidelity of the model, the ZnSe window, a source of stray radiation, is characterized through measurements and experimentation. The resulting data is employed in the radiometric model. Specific measurement conditions at which the stray radiation is 5% or less of the total radiation are then derived, thereby decreasing the necessity for post-processing correction factors. These conditions are derived for the 3-4-, 4.5-5-, 8-9- and 8-12-mu m bands using a parametric analysis. Two LWIR bands are considered to provide insight into specific previous measurements made with a quantum-well IR photo-detector (QWIP, roughly 8-9 mu m), as well as potential future measurements made using broader band imagers (e.g., HgCdTe at 8-12 mu m). A sensitivity analysis in the style of a Monte Carlo simulation is also performed to gauge the uncertainty in the radiometric model calculations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. GE Aircraft Engines, Mil Inlet & Exhause Syst, Cincinnati, OH 45215 USA. RP Marciniak, MA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.marciniak@afit.edu NR 16 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 48 IS 2 BP 130 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2005.07.001 PG 24 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 054SE UT WOS:000238398100007 ER PT J AU Smerekovsky, AG Palazotto, A Baker, WP AF Smerekovsky, AG Palazotto, A Baker, WP TI Scaling numerical models for hypervelocity test sled slipper-rail impacts SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE CTH; dimensional analysis; gouging; hypervelocity impact; scaling AB Hypervelocity test sled slipper-rail impacts have been simulated numerically using the finite volume hydrocode, ChartD to the Three-Halves (CTH). This study addresses the difficulties of applying CTH model solutions to real test sled runs. Past CTH models using dimensions different than actual test sleds have been used to study phenomenological aspects of the problem. However, quantitative results from the CTH model solution do not apply directly to actual test sled runs due to strain rate effects and time scale differences. The Buckingham Pi Theorem is applied to two potential hypervelocity gouging models. Validity of the invariant products is tested using sample CTH hypervelocity gouging models that are scaled up to simulate dimensions of a real test sled. Real test sled dimensions are desired in order to more closely simulate actual test sled runs. Invariant products developed from application of the Buckingham Pi Theorem can be used as guidelines for determining whether a CTH model is applicable to a test sled with specific dimensions. Strain rate effects are investigated to study whether deviations between scaled CTH models may be reduced by modifying the constitutive model. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Palazotto, A (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM andrew.szmerekovsky@afit.edu; anthony.palazotto@afit.edu; william.baker@afit.edu NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 32 IS 6 BP 928 EP 946 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2004.09.011 PG 19 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 010NM UT WOS:000235201400003 ER PT J AU Boston, M Rutter, M Charles, MM Cotton, RT AF Boston, M Rutter, M Charles, MM Cotton, RT TI Airway reconstruction in children with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article DE recurrent respiratory papillomatosis; airway surgery complications; laryngotracheal reconstruction; tracheotomy ID LASER-SURGERY; COMPLICATIONS; TRACHEOTOMY AB Objective: To determine if children with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis were at increased risk of complications due to their disease following major airway reconstruction. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our airway surgery database and the medical records of all children diagnosed with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis who were evaluated at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center between January 1998 and August 2003. All patients with active airway papillomas or a history of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis who underwent open airway reconstruction at our institution were included in the study. Results: Seven children with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis underwent major airway reconstruction. Six children had tracheotomies and five are now decannulated following their airway reconstruction. Five children had active papillomas at the time of surgery and none had significant worsening of their papillomas following their procedures. Two patients in remission underwent airway reconstruction without recurrence of their papillomas. Conclusions: Major airway reconstruction can be safety performed in children with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All. rights reserved. C1 Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Pediat Otolaryngol, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. 56th Med Grp, Clin Otolaryngol, Luke AFB, AZ 85309 USA. RP Rutter, M (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Pediat Otolaryngol, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. EM mike.rutter@cchmc.org NR 9 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0165-5876 J9 INT J PEDIATR OTORHI JI Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1097 EP 1101 DI 10.1016/j.ijporl.2005.11.007 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics SC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics GA 047FB UT WOS:000237864100022 PM 16406073 ER PT J AU Albanese, R Monk, PB AF Albanese, R Monk, PB TI The inverse source problem for Maxwell's equations SO INVERSE PROBLEMS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; NONUNIQUENESS AB The inverse source problem for Maxwell's equations is considered. We show that the problem of finding a volume current density from surface measurements does not have a unique solution, and characterizes the non-uniqueness. We also show that if further a priori information is available, the inverse source problem may have a unique solution (in particular for surface currents or dipole sources). C1 USAF, Res Lab, HEX, Brooks City Base, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Math Sci, Newark, DE 19711 USA. RP Albanese, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HEX, Brooks City Base, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. EM richard.albanese@brooks.af.mil; monk@math.udel.edu NR 23 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0266-5611 J9 INVERSE PROBL JI Inverse Probl. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 1023 EP 1035 DI 10.1088/0266-5611/22/3/018 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 055AU UT WOS:000238422400021 ER PT J AU Chiu, YH Austin, BL Williams, S Dressler, RA Karabadzhak, GF AF Chiu, YH Austin, BL Williams, S Dressler, RA Karabadzhak, GF TI Passive optical diagnostic of Xe-propelled Hall thrusters. I. Emission cross sections SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PLUME; XENON AB This paper presents a set of xenon apparent emission excitation cross sections for emission lines that have diagnostic value in the analysis of Xe-propelled Hall thruster plasmas. Emission cross sections are presented for three excitation processes involving ground-state xenon atoms: e(-)+Xe, Xe++Xe, and Xe2++Xe. The cross sections are derived from luminescence spectra produced at single-collision conditions. Apparent emission excitation cross sections are tabulated for 12 visible and 8 near-infrared lines for electron energies ranging from 10 to 70 eV. In case of the near-infrared lines, radiation trapping effects are accounted for by measuring the detailed pressure dependence of the apparent emission cross sections and extrapolating to zero pressure. A semiempirical expression for the pressure dependence is derived that allows zero-pressure extrapolation from threshold to 70 eV. Ion-induced cross sections are reported for the same emission lines at an energy per unit charge E/q of 300 eV, chosen for typical Hall thruster operating voltages. Radiation trapping effects are negligible for the ion emission excitation cross sections between 0.1 and 2.0 mTorr in the present luminescence experiment. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. TSNIIMASH, Korolev 141070, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Chiu, YH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 11 AR 113304 DI 10.1063/1.2195018 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 053OQ UT WOS:000238314900014 ER PT J AU Karabadzhak, GF Chiu, YH Dressler, RA AF Karabadzhak, GF Chiu, YH Dressler, RA TI Passive optical diagnostic of Xe propelled hall thrusters. II. Collisional-radiative model SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; ELECTRON-IMPACT; XENON; PLUME; EXCITATION AB A collisional radiative model is presented for analyzing the xenon-propelled Hall thruster optical radiation based on apparent electron and ion-impact emission cross sections associated with lines in the visible and near-infrared region of the spectrum. The emission cross sections of selected near-infrared emission lines are incorporated in a collisional-radiative model. The effect of stepwise excitation via metastable states on the derived line intensities for emissions from XeI 5p(5)6p(6p(')) levels is evaluated. Meanwhile, visible XeII emissions are shown to provide plasma densities at high electron temperature conditions. The electron temperature and spatial ion number density distribution were determined from the luminescence spectra measured in the discharge and plume near-field plasma of the Hall thruster, the TSNIIMASH D-55 anode layer thruster. The results are in good agreement with the probe measurement data and simulations reported in the literature for the same thruster. The analysis of the Hall thruster XeI near-infrared spectra demonstrates that the neglect of ion-atom collisions results in an erroneous electron temperature determination at electron temperatures below 10 eV. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 TSNIIMASH, Moscow 141070, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Karabadzhak, GF (reprint author), TSNIIMASH, Pionerskaya 4, Moscow 141070, Russia. EM dressler@hanscom.af.mil NR 35 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 11 AR 113305 DI 10.1063/1.2195019 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 053OQ UT WOS:000238314900015 ER PT J AU Wang, BG Callahan, MJ AF Wang, BG Callahan, MJ TI Transport growth of GaN crystals by the ammonothermal technique using various nutrients SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE dissolution-crystallization model; nutrient transport; the ammonothermal technique; gallium-containing intermediates (gallium-containing ternary amide or imide); GaN; phase relations ID SUPERCRITICAL AMMONIA; GALLIUM NITRIDE; ALUMINUM; PHOSPHATE AB The nutrient transport direction for the growth of GaN crystals in ammonobasic solutions was investigated. Growth of GaN crystals via nutrient transport from the cold zone to the hot zone in alkaline solutions by the ammonothermal technique was confirmed using three kinds of nutrients: gallium metal, gallium-containing intermediates and polycrystalline GaN. Ga-containing intermediates are easily formed when using gallium metal or GaN as nutrient, and remain stable at temperatures below 400 degrees C; GaN is deposited in the hot zone of the autoclave only at high temperatures greater than 500 degrees C. Transport growth of GaN crystals from polycrystalline GaN nutrient in the cold zone to hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) seeds in the hot zone in alkali supercritical ammonia was also achieved. The study has clearly demonstrated that gallium-containing intermediates are the stable phases at lower temperatures, and that GaN bulk crystals (substrates) can be grown in the hot zone at high temperatures from ammonobasic solutions by the ammonothermal technique. Crown Copyright (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. RP Wang, BG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHC,Sensors Directorate, Solid State Sci Co, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM buguo@solidstatescientific.com NR 18 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 291 IS 2 BP 455 EP 460 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.03.035 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 056LU UT WOS:000238525200023 ER PT J AU Look, DC AF Look, David C. TI Progress in ZnO materials and devices SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT US Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY SEP 20-22, 2005 CL Cambridge, MA SP US Army CECOM Night Vision Elect Sensors Diretorate, US Army Res Lab, US Army SMDC, US Navy Electro-Opt Ctr, Penn State Applied Res Lab, Office Naval Res, Air Force Res Lab, Minerals Metals Materials Soc DE ZnO; defects; impurities; LEDs; TTFTs ID P-TYPE ZNO; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; THIN-FILMS; ZINC-OXIDE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SHALLOW DONOR; BOUND-EXCITON; BULK ZNO AB ZnO is a wide-band-gap semiconductor material that is now being developed for many applications, including ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes, UV photodetectors, transparent thin-film transistors, and gas sensors. It can be grown as boules, as thin films, or as nanostructures of many types and shapes. However, as with any useful semiconductor material, its electrical and optical properties are controlled by impurities and defects. Here, we consider various important donor-type impurities, such as H, Al, Ga, and In, and acceptor-type impurities, such as N, P, As, and Sb. We also examine the effects of a few common point defects, including Zn interstitials, Zn vacancies, O vacancies, and complexes of each. The main experimental techniques of interest here include temperature-dependent Hall-effect and low-temperature photoluminescence measurements, because they alone can provide donor and acceptor concentrations and donor energies. The important topic of p-type ZnO is also considered in some detail. C1 Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Look, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM david.look@wpafb.af.mil NR 59 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 6 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1299 EP 1305 DI 10.1007/s11664-006-0258-y PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 060RN UT WOS:000238819400027 ER PT J AU Schwartz, SA Koch, MA Deas, DE Powell, CA AF Schwartz, SA Koch, MA Deas, DE Powell, CA TI Combined endodontic-periodontic treatment of a palatal groove: A case report SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article DE developmental anomalies; necrotic pulp; palatal groove; periodontal regenerative techniques; suppurative periradicular periodontitis ID RADICULAR LINGUAL GROOVE; MAXILLARY LATERAL INCISOR; GINGIVAL GROOVE; DEVELOPMENTAL GROOVE; ENAMEL MATRIX; REGENERATION; DEFECT AB The palatal groove is a developmental anomaly that predisposes the tooth involved to a severe periodontal defect. When further complicated by pulp necrosis, these grooves often present a diagnostic and treatment planning challenge that requires an interdisciplinary treatment approach. This case report describes the successful collaborative management of a maxillary lateral incisor with an extensive palatal groove using a combination of nonsurgical endodontic therapy, odontoplasty, and periodontal regenerative techniques. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Endodont, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Periodont, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Endodont, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Powell, CA (reprint author), 59 DS-MRDT,2450 Pepperrell St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM charles.powell@lackland.af.mil NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 32 IS 6 BP 573 EP 578 DI 10.1016/j.joen.2005.08.003 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 048OG UT WOS:000237955800018 PM 16728255 ER PT J AU Staudinger, TJ England, EC Bleckmann, C AF Staudinger, Tiffany J. England, Ellen C. Bleckmann, Charles TI Comparative Analysis of Water Vulnerability Assessment Methodologies SO JOURNAL OF INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Potable water; Terrorism; Risk management; Assessment; Comparative studies AB The Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Response Act of 2002 amended the Safe Drinking Water Act requiring community water systems serving over 3,300 customers to complete water vulnerability assessments (WVAs); however, no specific methodology was provided. Forty-five government and industry agencies associated with water security were identified. Existing WVA methodologies were compared to the EPA's six-step WVA guidance and an expanded version of the hierarchical holographic modeling (HHM) framework for the hardening of water systems, a technique previously used for assessing vulnerability of infrastructure. Neither the AWWA Water System Security Field Guide, nor the Security Vulnerability Self-Assessment Guide for Small Drinking Water Systems were in complete agreement with the EPA's WVA guidance. Inclusion of HHM risk scenarios in the assessed methodologies ranged from 64 to 95%. Fifty-nine of the 112 HHM risk scenarios were not included in at least one, and 34 risk scenarios were not included in at least two WVA methods. No method emerged as a "best practice" technique for small and medium sized water systems. Consistent standards for WVA methods are needed. C1 [Staudinger, Tiffany J.] Civil Engn Squadron, Langley Afb, VA USA. [England, Ellen C.; Bleckmann, Charles] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Staudinger, TJ (reprint author), Civil Engn Squadron, Langley Afb, VA USA. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1076-0342 J9 J INFRASTRUCT SYST JI J. Infrastruct. Syst. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 12 IS 2 BP 96 EP 106 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0342(2006)12:2(96) PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA V25VO UT WOS:000208505700004 ER PT J AU Mahfoud, A Sarangan, A Nelson, TR Blubaugh, EA AF Mahfoud, A Sarangan, A Nelson, TR Blubaugh, EA TI Role of aggregation in the amplified spontaneous emission of [2-methoxy-5-(2 '-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] in solution and films SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE conductive polymer; MEH-PPV; photoluminescence; amplified spontaneous emission ID CONJUGATED POLYMERS; INTERCHAIN INTERACTIONS; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; LIGHT-EMISSION; DYNAMICS; PHOTOEXCITATIONS; LUMINESCENCE; ABSORPTION; MORPHOLOGY; TIME AB The amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) spectra of the conjugated polymer [2-methoxy-5-(2- ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) is investigated under different conditions such as thin film and solution, solvent type and concentration. Results indicate that aggregation has a pronounced effect on ASE spectra. In solution form, as concentration was increased and thus the proportion of aggregates, a decrease in the ASE emission bandwidth and a red shift of the ASE peak was observed. For the thin film samples, the ASE spectra show two emission bands which were assigned to the first and second vibronic transition of the polymer chains. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Optoelect Lab, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dept Mat Engn, Sensors Grp, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Mahfoud, A (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Optoelect Lab, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM mahfouaf@notes.udayton.edu NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 118 IS 2 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.ilumin.2005.08.012 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 019QW UT WOS:000235852800001 ER PT J AU Tansel, IN Inanc, F Reen, N Chen, P Wang, X Kropas-Hughes, C Yenilmez, A AF Tansel, I. N. Inanc, F. Reen, N. Chen, P. Wang, X. Kropas-Hughes, C. Yenilmez, A. TI Neural network based thickness estimation from multiple radiographic images SO JOURNAL OF NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE radiography; radiographic simulation; neural networks; thickness estimation ID ENERGY COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY AB Back propagation (BP) type artificial neural networks (ANN) have been trained and used for thickness estimations from radiographic images. Test objects have been assembled from different materials and radiographic images of the test objects were obtained for thickness estimations. While some of the study has been based on the synthetic images formed through the radiographic simulation program XRSIM, the rest of the study has used actual radiographic images. The average estimation errors were 7% and 9% when two and three synthetic radiographic images obtained at different x-ray tube settings were used. With the actual images, the thickness of only one of the materials has been estimated and the material was identified. This has been due to the fact that scattering of x-rays by the test object results in a non uniform gray scale variation in the radiographic images even though the object thickness is uniform. C1 Iowa State Univ, CNDE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33174 USA. AFRL, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Tech Univ Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey. RP Inanc, F (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, CNDE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM financ@cnde.iastate.ed NR 14 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-9298 EI 1573-4862 J9 J NONDESTRUCT EVAL JI J. Nondestruct. Eval. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 25 IS 2 BP 53 EP 66 DI 10.1007/s10921-006-0011-8 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 093JW UT WOS:000241165600001 ER PT J AU Jayakody, JRP Khalfan, A Mananga, ES Greenbaum, SG Dang, TD Mantz, R AF Jayakody, JRP Khalfan, A Mananga, ES Greenbaum, SG Dang, TD Mantz, R TI NMR investigation of water and methanol transport in sulfonated polyareylenethioethersulfones for fuel cell applications SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE direct methanol fuel cells; polymer electrolyte membranes; water transport; methanol transport; pulse gradient spin-echo nuclear magnetic resonance diffusion ID PRESSURE ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; WEIGHT NAFION MEMBRANES; DIFFUSION; GRADIENT AB We report an investigation of water and methanol transport in polymer electrolyte membranes based on highly sulfonated polyarelenethioethersulfones (SPTES) for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications. Measurements of both water and methanol self-diffusion coefficients of SPTES polymer as well as in a reference sample of Nafion- 117 equilibrated in 2 M methanol solution have been carried out, using the pulsed gradient spin echo technique, over a temperature range of 20-140 degrees C. The selectivity of the membrane, defined as (DOH/DCHA decreased from 6 to 2.4 as temperature increased from 20 to 140 degrees C in SPTES sample while in Nation, the value decreased from 3.2 to 1.4 as temperature increased from 20 to 100 degrees C. These results indicate significantly lower fuel molecular permeability in SPTES compared to that of Nation. All results suggest high-temperature stability in these materials, offering the possibility of fuel cell operation at temperatures > 120 degrees C. High pressure NMR diffusion measurements were also carried out for three different water contents (between 20 and 55 wt.%) in a static field gradient in order to get supplemental information regarding water transport in SPTES materials. The calculated activation volume increased from 1.54 to 8.40 cm(3)/mol as the water content decreased from 55 to 20%. This behavior is qualitatively similar to previously reported results for Nation-117. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CUNY Hunter Coll, Phys Dept, New York, NY 10021 USA. US Air Force Res Lab Mat & Mfg, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Greenbaum, SG (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Phys Dept, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM steve.greenbaum@hunter.cuny.edu NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 156 IS 2 BP 195 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.05.056 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 054XO UT WOS:000238412100010 ER PT J AU Wightman, F Kistler, D Brungart, D AF Wightman, F Kistler, D Brungart, D TI Informational masking of speech in children: Auditory-visual integration SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACROSS-EAR INTERFERENCE; PARTY LISTENING TASK; SPATIAL SEPARATION; ENERGETIC MASKING; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; NORMAL-HEARING; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; MASKER UNCERTAINTY; PICTURE WORTH AB The focus of this study was the release from informational masking that could be obtained in a speech task by viewing a video of the target talker. A closed-set speech recognition paradigm was used to measure informational masking in 23 children (ages 6-16 years) and 10 adults. An audio-only condition required attention to a monaural target speech message that was presented to the same ear with a time-synchronized distracter message. In an audiovisual condition, a synchronized video of the target talker was also presented to assess the release from informational masking that could be achieved by speechreading. Children required higher target/distracter ratios than adults to reach comparable performance levels in the audio-only condition, reflecting a greater extent of informational masking in these listeners. There was a monotonic age effect, such that even the children in the oldest age group (12-16.9 years) demonstrated performance somewhat poorer than adults. Older children and adults improved significantly in the audiovisual condition, producing a release from informational masking of 15 dB or more in some adult listeners. Audiovisual presentation produced no informational masking release for the youngest children. Across all ages, the benefit of a synchronized video was strongly associated with speechreading ability. (c) 2006 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Univ Louisville, Heuser Hearing Inst, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wightman, F (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Heuser Hearing Inst, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. EM fred.wightman@louisville.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD023333-14, R01-HD023333-14, R01 HD023333] NR 79 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 119 IS 6 BP 3940 EP 3949 DI 10.1121/1.2195121 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 055PP UT WOS:000238463000046 PM 16838537 ER PT J AU Allan, PF Abouchahine, S Harvis, L Morris, MJ AF Allan, PF Abouchahine, S Harvis, L Morris, MJ TI Progressive vocal cord dysfunction subsequent to a chlorine gas exposure SO JOURNAL OF VOICE LA English DT Article DE chlorine; airway irritant; vocal cord dysfunction; dyspnea AB Chlorine gas inhalation, similar to other toxic gas exposures, can impart a variety of effects to the entire airway ranging from mucous membrane irritation to acute respiratory distress syndrome. The extent and location of damage is determined by numerous situational factors such as the duration of exposure, quantity of gas released, environmental factors, and instituted chemical defense measures. Reactive airways dysfunction and nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness are commonly reported as sequelae to chlorine exposure. This article constitutes the first case of a single antecedent chlorine exposure inducing progressive vocal cord dysfunction. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Allan, PF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, MCHE, MDP, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM michael.morris@amedd.army.mil NR 9 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0892-1997 J9 J VOICE JI J. Voice PD JUN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 291 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.jvoice.2005.04.003 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 047KG UT WOS:000237877600013 PM 16293397 ER PT J AU Wians, FH AF Wians, FH TI Public health services - Response SO LABMEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, Biomed Sci Corps, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Wians, FH (reprint author), USAF, Biomed Sci Corps, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0007-5027 J9 LABMEDICINE JI Labmedicine PD JUN PY 2006 VL 37 IS 6 BP 380 EP 380 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 047FU UT WOS:000237866000019 ER PT J AU Vivekananda, J Kiel, JL AF Vivekananda, J Kiel, JL TI Anti-Francisella tularensis DNA aptamers detect tularemia antigen from different subspecies by aptamer-linked immobilized sorbent assay SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE DNA aptamers; Francisella tularensis; SELEX; ALISA; ELISA; dot blot; bioterrorism ID IN-VITRO SELECTION; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE ASSAY; IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; HUMAN THROMBIN; RNA-APTAMERS; BIND; MOLECULES; RECOGNITION; BIOSENSOR AB Aptamers are powerful candidates for molecular detection of targets due to their unique recognition properties. These affinity probes can be used to recognize and bind to their targets in the various types of assays that are currently used to detect and capture molecules of interest. They are short single-stranded (ss) oligonucleotides composed of DNA or RNA sequences that are selected in vitro based on their affinity and specificity for the target. Using combinatorial oligonucleotide libraries, we have selected ssDNA aptamers that bind to Francisella tularensis subspecies (subsp) japonica bacterial antigen. F. tularensis is an intracellular, nonmotile, nonsporulating, Gram-negative bacterial pathogen that causes tularemia in man and animals. Just as antibodies have been used to detect specific targets in varying formats, it is possible that nucleic acid-binding species or aptamers could be used to specifically detect biomolecules. Aptamers offer advantages over antibody-based affinity molecules in production, regeneration and stability due to their unique chemical properties. We have successfully isolated a set of 25 unique DNA sequences that specifically bind to F. tularensis subspecies japonica. When tested in a sandwich Aptamer-Linked Immobilized Sorbent Assay (ALISA) and dot blot analysis, the aptamer cocktail exhibited specificity in its ability to bind only to tularemia bacterial antigen from subspecies japonica, holarctica (also known as palaearctica) and tularensis but not to Bartonella henselae. Moreover, there is no binding observed either to pure chicken albumin or chicken lysozyme. Thus, it appears that this novel antitularemia aptamer cocktail may find application as a detection reagent for a potential biological warfare agent like F. tularensis. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HEPC, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Vivekananda, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HEPC, 2486 Gillingham Dr,Bldg 175 E, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM jeevalatha.vivekananda@brooks.af.mil NR 43 TC 65 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 35 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 86 IS 6 BP 610 EP 618 DI 10.1038/labinvest.3700417 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 044WH UT WOS:000237703500008 PM 16550191 ER PT J AU Bower, KS Burka, JM Subramanian, PS Stutzman, RD Mines, MJ Rabin, JC AF Bower, KS Burka, JM Subramanian, PS Stutzman, RD Mines, MJ Rabin, JC TI Night firing range performance following photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 04-09, 2003 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP Assoc Res Vision Ophthalmol ID REFRACTIVE SURGERY; SATISFACTION; VISION AB Objective: To investigate the effect of laser refractive surgery on night weapons firing. Methods: Firing range performance was measured at baseline and postoperatively following photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis. Subjects fired the M-16A2 rifle with night vision goggles (NVG) at starlight, and with iron sight (simulated dusk). Scores, before and after surgery, were compared for both conditions. Results: No subject was able to acquire the target using iron sight without correction before surgery. After surgery, the scores without correction (95.9 +/- 4.7) matched the preoperative scores with correction (94.3 +/- 4.0; p = 0.324). Uncorrected NVG scores after surgery (96.4 +/- 3.1) exceeded the corrected scores before surgery (91.4 +/- 10.2), but this trend was not statistically significant (p = 0.063). Conclusion: Night weapon firing with both the iron sight and the NVG sight improved after surgery. This study supports the operational benefits of refractive surgery in the military. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ctr Refract Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Div Ophthalmol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Bower, KS (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ctr Refract Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. OI Subramanian, Prem/0000-0001-5824-8322 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 171 IS 6 BP 468 EP 471 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 058IH UT WOS:000238658200006 PM 16808122 ER PT J AU Kennedy, JE Lumpkin, RJ Grissom, JR AF Kennedy, JE Lumpkin, RJ Grissom, JR TI A survey of mild traumatic brain injury treatment in the emergency room and primary care medical clinics SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Williamsburg Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation Conference CY JUN 06-08, 2003 CL Williamsburg, VA ID HEAD-INJURY; RISK-FACTORS; MANAGEMENT; VALIDATION; DIAGNOSIS; PROPOSAL; US AB This study surveyed health care providers about their evaluation and treatment of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) in adults. We presented two vignettes describing mild TBI cases to staff in the emergency department (N = 22) and primary care clinics (N = 16) at Wilford Hall Air Force Medical Center and asked how they would evaluate and treat these patients. Most providers said they would assess visual changes, nausea[vomiting, headache, and neck pain. More emergency department personnel than primary care clinic providers would make referrals to different specialties, whereas more primary care clinic providers would schedule a follow-up appointment. Neither group of providers mentioned assessing common postconcussive symptoms of fatigue, emotional changes, and problems sleeping. Comparing findings to current literature suggest that added focus on emotional, cognitive and psychosocial factors, and education of the patient and family could improve early identification of mild TBI patients at risk for poor recovery. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Psychol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Kennedy, JE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, POB 27376, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 171 IS 6 BP 516 EP 521 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 058IH UT WOS:000238658200017 PM 16808133 ER PT J AU Robbins, AS Chao, SY Baumgartner, N Runyan, CN Oordt, MS Fonseca, VP AF Robbins, AS Chao, SY Baumgartner, N Runyan, CN Oordt, MS Fonseca, VP TI A low-intensity intervention to prevent annual weight gain in active duty air force members SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ADULTS; PREDICTORS; INTERNET; POUND; RISK AB Elevated body weight among active duty Air Force (ADAF) members is a substantial and growing problem, and typically results from gaining small amounts of weight each year over many years. We designed a strategy to prevent annual weight gain in ADAF members using self-directed behavior change booklets followed by weekly e-mails about diet and physical activity for a year. The intervention was universally offered to ADAF members meeting selection criteria at five U.S. Air Force bases (n = 3,502); members at 60 other U.S. Air Force bases served as controls (n = 65,089). The intervention was completely effective at preventing weight gain in a subgroup of men (those above the lowest three ranks, with baseline weight above maximum allowable) and in women, while controls continued to gain weight. Since the intervention did not require personalized contact, this approach has promise for large-scale population-based efforts aimed at preventing weight gain in working adults. C1 USAF, Populat Hlth Support Div, Med Support Agcy, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Robbins, AS (reprint author), David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Clin Invest Facil, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 171 IS 6 BP 556 EP 561 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 058IH UT WOS:000238658200025 PM 16808141 ER PT J AU Jones, SO Odle, M Stajduhar, K Leclerc, K Eckart, RE AF Jones, SO Odle, M Stajduhar, K Leclerc, K Eckart, RE TI Direct admission to cardiology for patients hospitalized for atrial fibrillation reduces length of stay and increases guideline adherence SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Scientific Session of the Heart-Rhythm-Society CY MAY, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Heart Rhythm Soc ID MANAGEMENT; IMPACT; COSTS; CARE AB Objective: We hypothesized that a clinical pathway for inpatient management of atrial fibrillation on a cardiology service would result in improved resource utilization. Methods: In July 2002, an evidence-based pathway was developed for treatment of patients hospitalized for atrial fibrillation. Guidelines directed patient care from admission from the emergency department to inpatient management on a cardiology service. Ancillary testing, anticoagulation, and inpatient length of stay were then compared before and after institution of the pathway. Results: The overall length of stay was significantly shorter for patients admitted through the pathway (43.0 hours vs. 82.0 hours, p < 0.01). After the pathway, there was increased use of transesophageal echocardiography and a trend toward increased use of warfarin. Conclusions: Patients requiring hospitalization for symptomatic atrial fibrillation had a nearly 50% reduction in length of stay, with a trend toward increased utilization of risk-appropriate antithrombotic therapy, if they were directly admitted through cardiology via a clinical pathway. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Jones, SO (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 171 IS 6 BP 567 EP 571 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 058IH UT WOS:000238658200027 PM 16808143 ER PT J AU Reuss, RH Hopper, DG Park, JG AF Reuss, RH Hopper, DG Park, JG TI Macroelectronics SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE electronic material; lithography; sensor AB As revolutionary as microelectronics has been as a technology, there are functions that it does not address. Microelectronics focuses on ever-smaller integrated circuits (ICs) in ever-fewer square millimeters of space to increase clock speeds and decrease the power required for computer processing functions. However, applications requiring control, communications, computing, and sensing over a large area are difficult or cost-prohibitive to achieve because of the material incompatibilities of traditional ICs with structures, materials, and manufacturing technology. Macroelectronics addresses these applications with the aim of providing active control circuitry in situ over areas of many square meters for displays, solar panels, x-ray imagers, surface measurements, structural shape control, vehicle health monitoring, and other large-system applications. The materials challenges of macroelectronics integrated circuits (MEICs) reviewed in this issue include lightweight flexible substrates, thin-film transistors (TFTs) with IC or near-IC performance, modeling, and manufacturing technology. Compatible component materials, flexible substrates, processing conditions, host system composition, and functionality provide grand challenges that are just beginning to be addressed by researchers. C1 DARPA, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. SAIT, Mat Lab, Yongin 449712, Gyeonggi, South Korea. RP Reuss, RH (reprint author), DARPA, 3701 N Fairfax Dr, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM rreuss@darpa.mil; hopper@wpafb.af.mil; jaegeun.park@samsung.com NR 8 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 12 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 31 IS 6 BP 447 EP 450 DI 10.1557/mrs2006.117 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 053ZP UT WOS:000238345300014 ER PT J AU Schwertner, HA Rios, DC Pascoe, JE AF Schwertner, Harvey A. Rios, Deborah C. Pascoe, Joshua E. TI Variation in concentration and labeling of ginger root dietary supplements SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE ROSCOE; PREGNANCY-INDUCED NAUSEA; PRINCIPLES; EXTRACT AB OBJECTIVE: Ginger root dietary supplements are often used to alleviate symptoms of nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy. In this study, we determined the variation in 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 8-gingerol, and 10-gingerol concentrations and labeling of different brands of ginger root dietary supplements. METHODS: Ten different ginger root dietary supplements were purchased randomly at local pharmacies and health food stores. The 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 8-gingerol, and 10-gingerol concentrations of the dietary supplements were determined by high-performance liquid-chromatography. In addition, we examined the container labeling for the amount of ginger root powder or extract in each capsule, the serving size, ingredients, expiration date, lot number, standardization procedure, and suggested use. RESULTS: The 6-gingerol concentration of the ginger powder dietary supplements ranged from 0.0 to 9.43 mg/g, (mean +/- standard deviation, 2.56 +/- 2.95 mg/g), 6-shogaol ranged from 0.16 to 2.18 mg/g (1.27 +/- 0.58), 8-gingerol ranged from 0.00 to 1.1 mg/g (0.47 +/- 0.34), and 10-gingerol ranged from 0.00 to 1.40 mg/g (0.36 +/- 0.51). The amounts of 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 8-gingero, and 10-gingerol in the ginger root dietary supplement varied widely on both a milligram per gram basis and on a milligram per capsule basis. Likewise, the suggested ginger serving sizes varied from 250 mg to 4.77 g per day. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that there is a wide variation in the gingerol composition and in the suggested serving sizes of ginger root powder from different manufacturers. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Castle Hills First Baptist Sch, Dept Sci, San Antonio, TX USA. USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Schwertner, HA (reprint author), 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. EM harvey.schwertner@lackland.af.mil NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 107 IS 6 BP 1337 EP 1343 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000217697.33787.8c PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 095GS UT WOS:000241296800019 PM 16738161 ER PT J AU Fetrow, MP Boger, JK AF Fetrow, Matthew P. Boger, James K. TI Instrument simulation for estimating uncertainties in imaging polarimeters SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Poincare spheres; polarimeters; polarization; calibration; uncertainty; instrument simulation; instrument errors ID CALIBRATION AB Remote sensing of the polarized light emitted or reflected from a scene has the potential to improve object detection, object identification, or to enhance images. The need to accurately measure individual Stokes components depends on the application. In all applications, it is desirable to estimate the uncertainty associated with Stokes images. A process is described that uses an instrument computer simulation to compute expected uncertainties in imaging polarimeter data. The simulation takes measured and/or estimated uncertainties in individual instrument components and propagates them to evaluate their effect on the Stokes measurement. Individual uncertainties are then combined to obtain an overall uncertainty estimate for the given Stokes input. Methods of visualizing the effect of instrument uncertainty on various Stokes input states are also described. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Appl Technol Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Fetrow, MP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM matthew.fetrow@kirtland.af.mil NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 45 IS 6 AR 063603 DI 10.1117/1.2208932 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 068AY UT WOS:000239345200015 ER PT J AU Gorsse, S Orveillon, G Senkov, ON Miracle, DB AF Gorsse, S Orveillon, G Senkov, ON Miracle, DB TI Thermodynamic analysis of glass-forming ability in a Ca-Mg-Zn ternary alloy system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BULK METALLIC GLASSES; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID; THERMAL-STABILITY; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; B SYSTEM; MODEL; CRITERIA AB A thermodynamic analysis of the onset driving force for crystallization of super-cooled liquid has been conducted to explain strong composition dependency of the glass forming ability in the Ca-Mg-Zn ternary alloy system observed experimentally. In addition to the onset driving force, other energetic and kinetic factors are discussed to explain the observed glass stabilities. The universality of this method is discussed, thus establishing an analytic approach for determining the most stable glass in a given alloy system. C1 Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, ICMCB, F-33608 Pessac, France. Univ Bordeaux 1, ENSCPB, F-33608 Pessac, France. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gorsse, S (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, ICMCB, 87 Ave Dr A Schwitzer, F-33608 Pessac, France. EM gorsse@icmcb-bordeaux.cnrs.fr RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012; OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X; Gorsse, Stephane/0000-0003-1966-8476 NR 41 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 22 AR 224202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.224202 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 058WW UT WOS:000238696300038 ER PT J AU Hall, MJ AF Hall, MJ TI Uncle Tungsten: Memories of a chemical boyhood. SO PSYCHIATRY-INTERPERSONAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Book Review C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Hall, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Phys Educ Branch, HQ AfPC, DPAME, 550 C St W, Randolph AFB, TX 78150 USA. EM molly.hall@RANDOLPH.AF.MIL NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0033-2747 J9 PSYCHIATRY JI Psychiatry-Interpers. Biol. Process. PD SUM PY 2006 VL 69 IS 2 BP 182 EP 187 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 059RZ UT WOS:000238751200013 ER PT J AU Perry, MB Pignatiello, JJ Simpson, JR AF Perry, MB Pignatiello, JJ Simpson, JR TI Estimating the change point of a Poisson rate parameter with a linear trend disturbance SO QUALITY AND RELIABILITY ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Poisson count processes; change point estimation; maximum likelihood estimation; Newton's method; statistical process control (SPC); CUSUM control charts; special-cause identification; confidence set estimation AB Knowing when a process changed would simplify the search and identification of the special cause. In this paper, we compare the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the process change point designed for linear trends to the MLE of the process change point designed for step changes when a linear trend disturbance is present. We conclude that the MLE of the process change point designed for linear trends outperforms the MLE designed for step changes when a linear trend disturbance is present. We also present an approach based on the likelihood function for estimating a confidence set for the process change point. We study the performance of this estimator when it is used with a cumulative sum (CUSUM) control chart and make direct performance comparisons with the estimated confidence sets obtained from the MLE for step changes. The results show that better confidence can be obtained using the MLE for linear trends when a linear trend disturbance is present. Copyright (C) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Florida A&M Univ, Florida State Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Perry, MB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marcus.perry@afit.edu NR 10 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0748-8017 J9 QUAL RELIAB ENG INT JI Qual. Reliab. Eng. Int. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 371 EP 384 DI 10.1002/qre.715 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 055RF UT WOS:000238467300002 ER PT J AU Smithtro, CG Sojka, JJ Berkey, T Thompson, D Schunk, RW AF Smithtro, C. G. Sojka, J. J. Berkey, T. Thompson, D. Schunk, R. W. TI Anomalous F region response to moderate solar flares SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IONOSPHERE; ELECTRON; MODEL; LATITUDE; MIDDLE AB Ionograms recorded with a dynasonde at Bear Lake Observatory, Utah, during moderate solar x-ray flares exhibit characteristic enhancements to the E and F-1 region ionosphere. However, during these same flares, the peak electron density of the ionosphere (NmF2) unexpectedly decreases, recovering after the flare ends. In order to reconcile this anomalous behavior with expected increases to the total electron content (TEC), we undertake a modeling effort using the Time-Dependent Ionospheric Model (TDIM) developed at Utah State University. For solar input, a simple flare time irradiance model is created, using measurements from the Solar EUV Experiment instrument on the TIMED spacecraft. TDIM simulations show that the anomalous NmF2 response can be explained by assuming a rapid electron temperature increase, which increases the O+ scale height, moving plasma to higher altitudes. The model results are able to reproduce both the decreasing NmF2 as well as the expected TEC enhancement. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Phys, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Smithtro, CG (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.smithtro@afit.edu NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 41 IS 5 AR RS5S03 DI 10.1029/2005RS003350 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 050GE UT WOS:000238074700002 ER PT J AU Powell, S Northern, B AF Powell, S Northern, B TI More than Moody: Recognizing and treating adolescent depression. SO SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review ID CHILDRENS MENTAL-HEALTH; YOUNG-ADULTS; DISORDER; CONTEXT; SCHOOLS; IMPACT C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Powell, S (reprint author), POB 2914, Cheyenne, WY 82003 USA. EM shawnpowellphd@netscape.com NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-3830 J9 SCHOOL PSYCHOL QUART JI Sch. Psychol. Q. PD SUM PY 2006 VL 21 IS 2 BP 225 EP 232 DI 10.1521/scpq.2006.21.2.225 PG 8 WC Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA 053UG UT WOS:000238330500005 ER PT J AU Millenbaugh, NJ Kiel, JL Ryan, KL Blystone, RV Kalns, JE Brott, BJ Cerna, CZ Lawrence, WS Soza, LL Mason, PA AF Millenbaugh, NJ Kiel, JL Ryan, KL Blystone, RV Kalns, JE Brott, BJ Cerna, CZ Lawrence, WS Soza, LL Mason, PA TI Comparison of blood pressure and thermal responses in rats exposed to millimeter wave energy or environmental heat SO SHOCK LA English DT Article DE radio frequency radiation; microwaves; nonionizing; hyperthermia; stroke; skin ID CIRCULATORY FAILURE; NITRIC-OXIDE; RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION; HEMODYNAMICS; IRRADIATION; HYPOTENSION; ISOFLURANE; HEATSTROKE; KETAMINE; STRESS AB Electromagnetic fields at millimeter wave lengths are being developed for commercial and military use at power levels that can cause temperature increases in the skin. Previous work suggests that sustained exposure to millimeter waves causes greater heating of skin, leading to faster induction of circulatory failure than exposure to environmental heat (EH). We tested this hypothesis in three separate experiments by comparing temperature changes in skin, subcutis, and colon, and the time to reach circulatory collapse (mean arterial blood pressure, 20 mmHg) in male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to the following conditions that produced similar rates of body core heating within each experiment: (1) EH at 42 degrees C, 35 GHz at 75 mW/cm(2), or 94 GHz at 75 mW/cm(2) under ketamine and xylazine anesthesia; (2) EH at 43 degrees C, 35 GHz at 90 mW/cm(2), or 94 GHz at 90 mW/cm(2) under ketamine and xylazine anesthesia; and (3) EH at 42 degrees C, 35 GHz at go mW/cm(2), or 94 GHz at 75 mW/cm(2) under isoflurane anesthesia. In all three experiments, the rate and amount of temperature increase at the subcutis and skin surface differed significantly in the rank order of 94 GHz more than 35 GHz more than EH. The time to reach circulatory collapse was significantly less only for rats exposed to 94 GHz at go mW/cm(2), the group with the greatest rate of skin and subcutis heating of all groups in this study, compared with both the 35 GHz at go mW/cm(2) and the EH at 43 degrees C groups. These data indicate that body core heating is the major determinant of induction of hemodynamic collapse, and the influence of heating of the skin and subcutis becomes significant only when a certain threshold rate of heating of these tissues is exceeded. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effect Directorate, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Gen Dynam Corp, San Antonio, TX USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Div Labs, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. Trinity Univ, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. Hyper Biotechnol, San Antonio, TX USA. Conceptual MindWorks, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Millenbaugh, NJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effect Directorate, Bldg 1162,8262 Hawks Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM nancy.millenbaugh.ctr@brooks.af.mil NR 30 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PD JUN PY 2006 VL 25 IS 6 BP 625 EP 632 DI 10.1097/01.shk.0000209550.11087.fd PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 044LP UT WOS:000237674200011 PM 16721271 ER PT J AU Olson, SE DeSimio, MP Derriso, MM AF Olson, SE DeSimio, MP Derriso, MM TI Fastener damage estimation in a square aluminum plate SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE structural health monitoring; statistical pattern recognition; finite element analysis; fastener failure AB To reduce costs and meet turn-around goals of future space vehicles, structural health monitoring systems are needed to assess the health of the entire vehicle structure within hours of the completed mission. In particular, the thermal protection system must be in good condition before launch due to its critical role in protecting the vehicle's primary structure and subsystems. The capability to detect fastener failure is critical, as the overall thermal protection system for a vehicle will likely include a number of adjacent panels that are mechanically fastened to the substructure. This article discusses experimental and analytical efforts focused on estimating fastener damage in a square aluminum plate test article. Fastener condition is estimated using classifiers based on statistical pattern recognition methods. The classifiers utilize features from measured vibration data with the ability to discriminate between damage conditions. Finite element analyses are used to provide a physical understanding of the structural dynamics of the aluminum plate and an interpretation of the selected features used for the classifier. Techniques to detect, locate, and assess damage resulting due to fastener failure have been investigated. The classification systems presented perform reasonably well in detecting and localizing damage, particularly if the damage is fairly severe. However, the classification system performance is much worse at assessing the severity of damage, particularly for lower levels of damage. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. ATK Mission Res, Dayton, OH USA. RP Olson, SE (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM olson@udri.udayton.edu NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1475-9217 J9 STRUCT HEALTH MONIT JI Struct. Health Monit. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 5 IS 2 BP 173 EP 183 DI 10.1177/1475921706058007 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 057RQ UT WOS:000238613300005 ER PT J AU Lucarelli, A Lupke, G Haugan, TJ Levin, GA Barnes, PN AF Lucarelli, A. Lupke, G. Haugan, T. J. Levin, G. A. Barnes, P. N. TI Time-resolved magneto-optical imaging of Y1Ba2Cu3O7-delta thin films in high-frequency AC current regime SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YBCO COATED CONDUCTORS; SUPERCONDUCTING FILMS; LOSS REDUCTION; MAGNETIZATION; LOSSES; DISTRIBUTIONS; GENERATORS; WINDINGS; DENSITY AB We present a time-resolved magneto-optical ( MO) imaging study of high-temperature superconductor (HTS) in a high-frequency alternating current (AC) regime. The evolution of the magnetic flux density distribution in YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) thin film samples is studied as a function of the phase of the applied AC current. A quantitative analysis of the data shows that the maxima of the AC current density is shifted from the edges further inside the sample, which may be caused by the higher self-induced field in that region. This technique can be used to study magnetic flux evolution in HTS films and coated conductors in the high-frequency current regime. C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lucarelli, A (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RI Lucarelli, Andrea/A-5411-2010 NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 19 IS 6 BP 667 EP 670 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/19/6/041 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 063GS UT WOS:000239006900045 ER PT J AU Ram-Mohan, LR Girgis, AM Albrecht, JD Litton, CW AF Ram-Mohan, LR Girgis, AM Albrecht, JD Litton, CW TI Wavefunction engineering of layered wurtzite semiconductors grown along arbitrary crystallographic directions SO SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE layered semiconductor nanostructures; Wurtzite heterostructures; arbitrary growth direction ID QUANTUM-WELLS; BAND-STRUCTURE; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; VALENCE BANDS; GRADED GAP; DEVICES; HETEROSTRUCTURES; MICROSTRUCTURES; ORIENTATION; PARAMETERS AB The electronic band structure of wurtzite semiconductor heterostructures is investigated theoretically using the envelope function k center dot P formalism. We use a Lagrangian formulation for the valence bands so that the order of the derivatives appearing in the multiband description is explicitly specified when Schrodinger's equations for the envelope functions are generated through the application of the principle of least action. The issues of derivative operator ordering and boundary conditions at material interfaces are examined in detail. The theoretical results are presented for arbitrary growth directions and the spin-orbit interaction is taken into account. This is of interest, for example, in treating A-plane wurtzite heterostructures such as GaN/AlGaN quantum wells grown on R-plane sapphire. Strain effects are included using a general rotation method that diagonalizes strain and is appropriate for pseudomorphic wurtzite structures in any allowed orientation. It is shown that inversion asymmetry in the valence band leads to shifts in the band-edge energies in the [11 (2) over bar0]-grown quantum wells. The finite element method is used with the Lagrangian for the composite layered semiconductor structure in order to obtain the energy eigenvalues for multi-quantum well systems. Calculations for quantum wells and superlattices are presented. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNDD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. Quantum Semicond Algorithms Inc, Northborough, MA USA. RP Albrecht, JD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNDD, Bldg 620,2241 Av Circle,45433, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.albrecht@wpafb.af.mil RI Ram-Mohan, Ramdas/C-5167-2012 NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0749-6036 J9 SUPERLATTICE MICROST JI Superlattices Microstruct. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 39 IS 6 BP 455 EP 477 DI 10.1016/j.spmi.2005.11.001 PG 23 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 057KG UT WOS:000238594100001 ER PT J AU Perry, WB AF Perry, W. Brian TI Biological weapons: An introduction for surgeons SO SURGICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH MANAGEMENT; ANTHRAX AB Although the risk of an intentional biological weapon release is small for any one location, the chance that there will be an attack somewhere is real. Because surgeons will certainly be called on should this happen, they need to know the basics about the potential agents. This review covers the history of biological weapons, the major agents, and the possible specific roles for surgeons. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Perry, WB (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 859 MSGS MCSG,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM william.perry@lackland.af.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0039-6109 J9 SURG CLIN N AM JI Surg. Clin.-North Am. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 86 IS 3 BP 649 EP + DI 10.1016/j.suc.2006.02.009 PG 16 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 064TR UT WOS:000239112500010 ER PT J AU Oksavik, K Ruohoniemi, JM Greenwald, RA Baker, JBH Moen, J Carlson, HC Yeoman, TK Lester, M AF Oksavik, K Ruohoniemi, JM Greenwald, RA Baker, JBH Moen, J Carlson, HC Yeoman, TK Lester, M TI Observations of isolated polar cap patches by the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) Svalbard and Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) Finland radars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; LOBE CELL CONVECTION; F-REGION PATCHES; HF RADAR; MAGNETOSPHERIC CONVECTION; DAYSIDE CONVECTION; LAYER TROUGH; CUSP; TRANSIENT; SCALE AB In this paper we present observations of the F region cusp ionosphere from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) Finland and European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) Svalbard radars in a new joint experiment. On 16 December 2002 the EISCAT Svalbard radar was operated in a fast elevation scan along beam 9 of the SuperDARN Finland radar, giving altitude/latitude profiles of the SuperDARN Finland backscatter volume every 2 min. Combining the two independent data sets, we monitor an isolated polar cap patch of high electron density (10(11.5) m(-3)) that slowly formed in the dark cusp ionosphere during an interval of northward interplanetary magnetic field. The patch formed on a stirred lobe cell, excluding the possibility for solar EUV ionized plasma to drift in from the south. This data set represents an unparalleled example of patch formation within the polar cap, locally by particle impact ionization. After the interplanetary magnetic field turned southward and By changed polarity, the patch started to move poleward into the polar cap. Enhanced velocity gave rise to enhanced HF backscatter power and enhanced spectral widths, consistent with gradient drift instability as the formation mechanism of HF backscatter targets. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ Ctr Svalbard, Dept Arctic Geophys, Longyearbyen, Norway. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. RP Oksavik, K (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 1100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM kjellmar.oksavik@jhuapl.edu RI Yeoman, Timothy/L-9105-2014; OI Yeoman, Timothy/0000-0002-8434-4825; Oksavik, Kjellmar/0000-0003-4312-6992; Greenwald, Raymond/0000-0002-7421-5536 NR 46 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 31 PY 2006 VL 111 IS A5 AR A05310 DI 10.1029/2005JA011400 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 050FW UT WOS:000238073900001 ER PT J AU Natarajan, LV Brown, DP Wofford, JM Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL Lloyd, PF Bunning, TJ AF Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Brown, Dean P. Wofford, Jeremy M. Tondiglia, Vincent P. Sutherland, Richard L. Lloyd, Pamela F. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal reflection gratings formed by visible light initiated thiol-ene photopolymerization SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE visible photoinitiator; liquid crystals; holography ID PHOTOSENSITIVE SYSTEMS AB Visible laser light of wavelengths 442, 488 and 532 nm was used to write holographic reflection gratings with notches into the infra-red spectral region in polymer dispersed liquid crystals (H-PDLC). The gratings were formed by the spatially periodic phase separation of nematic liquid crystal during thiol-ene photopolymerization. An organic titanocene based complex, Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) and Pyrromethene 597 (Pym) dyes in combination with benzoyl peroxide, were used as initiators. Using visible laser light and a single prism, electrically switchable reflection gratings with notches in the blue, green, yellow, red, and near infra-red (NIR) spectral regions were fabricated using angle tuning. The photophysics of the initiator dyes was studied by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Morphology studies by TEM showed a periodic distribution of discrete nematic droplets of nearly spherical shape. The development of visible photoinitiator systems broadens the range of fabrication wavelengths of dynamic reflection filters using inexpensive visible lasers. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. UES Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Natarajan, LV (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 4031 Col Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM lalgudi.natarajan@wpafb.af.mil RI Brown, Dean/C-6183-2008 NR 17 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD MAY 31 PY 2006 VL 47 IS 12 BP 4411 EP 4420 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.04.033 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 060UM UT WOS:000238827100020 ER PT J AU Bae, HR Grandhi, RV Canfield, RA AF Bae, HR Grandhi, RV Canfield, RA TI Accelerated engineering design optimization using successive matrix inversion method SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE reanalysis; large-scale design; structural optimization ID NONSYMMETRIC LINEAR-SYSTEMS; STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION; ACCURATE REANALYSIS; APPROXIMATIONS; EFFICIENT AB In a design optimization procedure, many repeated system analyses are conducted to evaluate certain performances of successively modified structural designs. To alleviate the high computational cost of structural reanalysis, an augmented preconditioner is introduced by using the successive matrix inversion (SMI) method. The SMI method, as an exact matrix solver, is successively applied to an iterative procedure to accelerate the solution convergence by improving the numerical condition of the reanalysis system. In this work, a new iterative technique, the binomial series iterative (BSI) method, is developed from the binomial series expansion by using the same concept as SMI. As a combined iterative (CI) method, SMI is incorporated in the procedure of BSI. The Cl method, combined with SMI, shows sufficient efficiency and robustness through a stable iterative behaviour due to simple and straightforward computations in the iterative procedure. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bae, HR (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM hbae@cs.wright.edu; ramana.grandhi@wright.edu; robert.canfield@afit.edu NR 21 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD MAY 28 PY 2006 VL 66 IS 9 BP 1361 EP 1377 DI 10.1002/nme.1545 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 048ZM UT WOS:000237985100001 ER PT J AU Meredith, NP Horne, RB Glauert, SA Thorne, RM Summers, D Albert, JM Anderson, RR AF Meredith, Nigel P. Horne, Richard B. Glauert, Sarah A. Thorne, Richard M. Summers, Danny Albert, Jay M. Anderson, Roger R. TI Energetic outer zone electron loss timescales during low geomagnetic activity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WHISTLER-MODE CHORUS; LINEAR DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; RADIATION BELT ELECTRONS; PITCH-ANGLE DIFFUSION; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; PLASMASPHERIC HISS; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; MAGNETIC STORM; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; RESONANT INTERACTION AB Following enhanced magnetic activity the fluxes of energetic electrons in the Earth's outer radiation belt gradually decay to quiet-time levels. We use CRRES observations to estimate the energetic electron loss timescales and to identify the principal loss mechanisms. Gradual loss of energetic electrons in the region 3.0 <= L <= 5.0 occurs during quiet periods (Kp < 3(-)) following enhanced magnetic activity on timescales ranging from 1.5 to 3.5 days for 214 keV electrons to 5.5 to 6.5 days for 1.09 MeV electrons. The intervals of decay are associated with large average values of the ratio f(pe)/f(ce) (>7), indicating that the decay takes place in the plasmasphere. We compute loss timescales for pitch-angle scattering by plasmaspheric hiss using the PADIE code with wave properties based on CRRES observations. The resulting timescales suggest that pitch angle scattering by plasmaspheric hiss propagating at small or intermediate wave normal angles is responsible for electron loss over a wide range of energies and L shells. The region where hiss dominates loss is energy-dependent, ranging from 3.5 <= L <= 5.0 at 214 keV to 3.0 <= L <= 4.0 at 1.09 MeV. Plasmaspheric hiss at large wave normal angles does not contribute significantly to the loss rates. At E = 1.09 MeV the loss timescales are overestimated by a factor of similar to 5 for 4.5 <= L <= 5.0. We suggest that resonant wave-particle interactions with EMIC waves, which become important at MeV energies for larger L ( L > similar to 4.5), may play a significant role in this region. C1 British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Math & Stat, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Phys, Durban, South Africa. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Meredith, NP (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM nmer@bas.ac.uk; r.horne@bas.ac.uk; sagl@bas.ac.uk; rmt@atmos.ucla.edu; dsummers@math.mun.ca; jay.albert@hanscom.af.mil; roger-r-anderson@uiowa.edu OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630; Meredith, Nigel/0000-0001-5032-3463; Horne, Richard/0000-0002-0412-6407 NR 64 TC 109 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 27 PY 2006 VL 111 IS A5 AR A05212 DI 10.1029/2005JA011516 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 049VQ UT WOS:000238046100003 ER PT J AU Dimiduk, DM Woodward, C LeSar, R Uchic, MD AF Dimiduk, DM Woodward, C LeSar, R Uchic, MD TI Scale-free intermittent flow in crystal plasticity SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DISLOCATION AVALANCHES; DEFORMATION; DYNAMICS; SIZE; BEHAVIOR; NOISE AB Under stress, crystals irreversibly deform through complex dislocation processes that intermittently change the microscopic material shape through isolated slip events. These underlying processes can be revealed in the statistics of the discrete changes. Through ultraprecise nanoscale measurements on nickel microcrystals, we directly determined the size of discrete slip events. The sizes ranged over nearly three orders of magnitude and exhibited a shock-and-aftershock, earthquake-like behavior over time. Analysis of the events reveals power-law scaling between the number of events and their magnitude, or scale-free flow. We show that dislocated crystals are a model system for studying scale-free behavior as observed in many macroscopic systems. In analogy to plate tectonics, smooth macroscopic-scale crystalline glide arises from the spatial and time averages of disruptive earthquake-like events at the nanometer scale. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dimiduk, DM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dennis.dimiduk@wpafb.af.mil RI LeSar, Richard/G-1609-2012 NR 30 TC 294 Z9 296 U1 5 U2 77 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 26 PY 2006 VL 312 IS 5777 BP 1188 EP 1190 DI 10.1126/science.1123889 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 048OW UT WOS:000237957400046 PM 16728635 ER PT J AU Paglia, CS Jata, KV Buchheit, RG AF Paglia, CS Jata, KV Buchheit, RG TI A cast 7050 friction stir weld with scandium: microstructure, corrosion and environmental assisted cracking SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE AA7050; scandium; as-cast microstructure; corrosion; environmental assisted cracking ID MG-CU ALLOYS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; CAST AB Microstructure, corrosion and environmental cracking behavior of friction stir welded cast aluminum 7050 ingots alloyed with scandium additions was investigated. An over-aged (T7451) and a homogenization (24 h/475 degrees C) temper were applied to the as-cast plates before friction stir welding, while a post-weld heat treatment was applied to all welds to verify the changes in the corrosion behavior. It was found that the as-cast and heat treated friction stir weld samples exhibited a fully recrystallized equiaxed grain microstructure. The scandium did not significantly dissolve in any of the phases present and remained homogeneously distributed within the matrix. The as-cast friction stir weld microstructure exhibited apart from the nugget region coarse grain boundary phases, wide precipitate-free zones and coarse intragranular precipitates. The post-weld heat treatment (1 h/480 degrees C-1 h/100 degrees C boiling water and quench) increased the tensile strength of the as-cast weld, but decreased the strength of the heat treated welds. The heat treatment of the as-cast samples to an overaging (T7451) and homogenization (24 h/475 degrees C) temper increased the general corrosion susceptibility of the friction stir welds. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Appl Sci So Switzerland, DACD, Lab Tech & Expt Studies, CH-6952 Canobbio, Switzerland. AFRL, MLL, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Paglia, CS (reprint author), Univ Appl Sci So Switzerland, DACD, Lab Tech & Expt Studies, CP 12, CH-6952 Canobbio, Switzerland. EM christian.paglia@supsi.ch NR 19 TC 22 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAY 25 PY 2006 VL 424 IS 1-2 BP 196 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.03.065 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 055TG UT WOS:000238472700023 ER PT J AU Beach, TL AF Beach, Theodore L. TI Perils of the GPS phase scintillation index (sigma(phi)) SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY SCINTILLATIONS; SCREEN; IRREGULARITIES; FLUCTUATIONS; IONOSPHERE; VELOCITY AB [1] The phase scintillation index (sigma(phi)), equal to the standard deviation of measured phase, is often used to characterize Global Positioning System (GPS) observations in ionospheric environments that may be scintillated. Since sigma(phi) is dominated by large-scale fluctuations, questions of usage and interpretation exist as will be illustrated here. Beyond traditional concerns with detrending, multipath and receiver phase noise, there are at least two issues to be considered. The first is the marginal suitability of sigma(phi) to characterize a power law phase screen with a poorly defined low-frequency component ( e. g., outer scale). Second, observed sigma(phi) parameters may not be relevant to GPS receiver tracking impacts. These arguments are outlined here in greater detail and are illustrated with simple one-dimensional phase screen propagation modeling results. The conclusion is that GPS sigma(phi) values depend critically on the circumstances of measurement and are difficult to compare among observations without additional knowledge, particularly of relative ionospheric drift and irregularity orientation, that may not be available from an isolated GPS receiver. The development of suitable alternative measures requires careful consideration of the elements of GPS scintillation and its impacts. The broader GPS scintillation community should take an active role in developing suitable replacement measures for sigma(phi). C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Beach, TL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM theodore.beach@hanscom.af.mil NR 19 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD MAY 23 PY 2006 VL 41 IS 5 AR RS5S31 DI 10.1029/2005RS003356 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 049VX UT WOS:000238046800001 ER PT J AU Gupta, P Markowicz, PP Baba, K O'Reilly, J Samoc, M Prasad, PN Grote, JG AF Gupta, P Markowicz, PP Baba, K O'Reilly, J Samoc, M Prasad, PN Grote, JG TI DNA-Ormocer based biocomposite for fabrication of photonic structures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLYMERS AB We report microfabrication of high quality photonic structures such as two-dimensional photonic crystals and beam splitters from a high DNA load, photosensitive Ormocer nanocomposite. This nanocomposite combines the high dye loading capacity of DNA with the photopatternability and hardness of the Ormocer. The fabrication is performed with the two-photon lithography method. Detailed studies of the deoxyribonucleic acid distribution in the fabricated structures are conducted with Raman microscopy. We also demonstrate that the deoxyribonucleic acid based nanocomposite films cast on glass substrates are of high enough quality to support amplified spontaneous emission from dyes intercalated in the deoxyribonucleic acid. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gupta, P (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM ppm@nsm.buffalo.edu RI Samoc, Marek/A-5501-2008 OI Samoc, Marek/0000-0002-5404-2455 NR 9 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 22 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 21 AR 213109 DI 10.1063/1.2204648 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 046YK UT WOS:000237846800078 ER PT J AU Kar, T Akdim, B Duan, XF Pachter, R AF Kar, T Akdim, B Duan, XF Pachter, R TI Open-ended modified single-wall carbon nanotubes: A theoretical study of the effects of purification SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; FUNCTIONALIZATION; CHEMISTRY; ARMCHAIR; ONIOM AB A density functional theory (DFT) study of purified single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) molecular models has shown that open-ended carboxylated C(10,0) and C(5,5) are more acidic than benzoic acid, but moreover, that C(10,0)-COOH is slightly more acidic than C(5,5)-COOH, possibly enabling separation by chirality. In addition, an increase in the ionization potential may indicate a suppression of field emission for purified SWCNTs. Finally, we address the complexity of the large-scale DFT calculations by the application of the same level of theory but with a different basis set (SLDB) method, shown to be advantageous as compared to ONIOM. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pachter, R (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, 0300 Old Main Hills, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tapaskar@cc.usu.edu; Ruth.Pachter@w-pafb.af.mil NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2006 VL 423 IS 1-3 BP 126 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.02.089 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 044RJ UT WOS:000237689700026 ER PT J AU Juhl, SB Chan, EP Ha, YH Maldovan, M Brunton, J Ward, V Dokland, T Kalmakoff, J Farmer, B Thomas, EL Vaia, RA AF Juhl, SB Chan, EP Ha, YH Maldovan, M Brunton, J Ward, V Dokland, T Kalmakoff, J Farmer, B Thomas, EL Vaia, RA TI Assembly of Wiseana iridovirus: Viruses for colloidal photonic crystals SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CRYO-ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SUSPENSIONS; PARTICLES; SPHERES; TRANSITION; SCATTERING; MIXTURES; PROTEIN; PHASE; OPAL AB In vitro assembly of Wiseana iridescent virus (WIV) yields iridescent pellets and films with structural color more vivid than in the native insect. WIV is icosahedral in shape, 140 nm in diameter, with 30 nm long fibrils attached to the outer surface, and exhibits a surface charge ca. 1/6th that of a comp[arable polymer colloid. The low surface charge and tethered chains on the virus surface allow the facile modification of the interparticle distance. Directed sedimentation yields predominantly an amorphous liquid-like packing of the virus. Such samples exhibit a broad reflection band that is angle idpentand for which the broad maximum can be reversibly shifted from blue towards red with increased hydration. Slow sedimentation and flow-assisted assembly methods produce thin films with a polycrystalline morphology that exhibit narrower, more intense reflectivity peaks, which are hydration and angle dependent. This study points toward the potential of viral particles for photonic crystals where their unique structural features (icosahedral symmetry, extreme monodispersity, precise surface functionalization,and tethered surface chains of low surface-charge density) may lead to superior control of optical properties of their assembly arrays. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Otago, Otago Sch Med Sci, Dept Microbiol, Dunedin, New Zealand. Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil RI Chan, Edwin/G-1904-2011 NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD MAY 19 PY 2006 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1086 EP 1094 DI 10.1002/adfm.200500682 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 050FO UT WOS:000238073100012 ER PT J AU Ding, L Bo, ZS Chu, QH Li, J Dai, LM Pang, Y Karasz, FE Durstock, ME AF Ding, L Bo, ZS Chu, QH Li, J Dai, LM Pang, Y Karasz, FE Durstock, ME TI Photophysical and electrolumine scent properties of hyperbranched polyfluorenes SO MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE electroluminescence; energy transfer; exciton confinement; density; hyperbranched polyfluorene; photoluminescence; structures ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; SIDE-CHAINS; COPOLYMERS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; DERIVATIVES; TRANSPORT; EMISSION AB Properties of a series of hyperbranched polyfluorenes were investigated. Increasing the benzene "cross-point" density blue-shifts the absorption and PL since the crosspoints interrupt pi-electron conjugation, decreasing conjugation length, and thus increasing chromophore band gap. The relative intensity of S-10 --> S-00 transition in PL increases with crosspoint density increase, indicating that the energy and the energy distribution of vibronic transitions were controlled by hyperbranch structure. When the polymer solution is cooled down, the lattice vibration is reduced and the effective conjugation length (coherence length for electron wavefunction) is increased, thus causing bathochromic shift in absorption and PL. These polymers do not favor excimer formation in solution due to their remarkable rigidity and extra-large molecular size. With increase in crosspoint density, LED color changed from green to violet In double-layer LEDs, PPV not only improves hole injection/ transport but also contributes to device emission through its bulk emission and interfacial emission as a result of interfacial energy transfer. Higher electrical field favors interfacial energy transfer probably by facilitating hole-electron recombination and by encouraging the excitons formed in polyfluorene layer to migrate to the interface and to further diffuse into PPV layer. The polymer with more crosspoints shows higher EL efficiency. The crosspoints interrupt pi-electron conjugation, isolate excitons and inhibit intrachain exciton annihilation. They can also increase rigidity of the macromolecular backbone, and the large spatial hindrance of these macromolecules makes the molecular packing very difficult, thus decreasing interchain exciton annihilation. All these structural features help to increase exciton lifetime and improve LED performance. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, State Key Lab Polymer Phys & Chem, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Univ Akron, Dept Chem, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ding, L (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM Ding@polysci.umass.edu RI li, jing/A-4935-2012; Ding, Liming/C-6050-2013 NR 40 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1352 J9 MACROMOL CHEM PHYSIC JI Macromol. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 19 PY 2006 VL 207 IS 10 BP 870 EP 878 DI 10.1002/macp.200600055 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 048JS UT WOS:000237944000003 ER PT J AU Imeshev, G Fermann, ME Vodopyanov, KL Fejer, MM Yu, X Harris, JS Bliss, D Lynch, C AF Imeshev, G Fermann, ME Vodopyanov, KL Fejer, MM Yu, X Harris, JS Bliss, D Lynch, C TI High-power source of THz radiation based on orientation-patterned GaAs pumped by a fiber laser SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID POLED LITHIUM-NIOBATE; OPTICAL RECTIFICATION; TERAHERTZ RADIATION; NARROW-BAND; FEMTOSECOND PULSES; GENERATION; TECHNOLOGY AB We demonstrate a new source of frequency-tunable THz wave packets based on parametric down-conversion process in orientation-patterned GaAs (OP-GaAs) that produces mu W-level THz average powers at the repetition rate of 100 MHz. The OP-GaAs crystal is pumped by a compact all-fiber femtosecond laser operating at the wavelength of 2 mu m. Such combination of fiber laser and OP-GaAs technologies promises a practical source of THz radiation which should be suitable for many applications including imaging and spectroscopy. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 IMRA Amer Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Solid State Photon Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USAF, Hanscom Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Imeshev, G (reprint author), IMRA Amer Inc, 1044 Woodbridge Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM mfermannv@imra.com RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 NR 20 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 18 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 14 IS 10 BP 4439 EP 4444 DI 10.1364/OE.14.004439 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 043NT UT WOS:000237608600026 PM 19516596 ER PT J AU Van Doren, JM Hogan, KB Miller, TM Viggiano, AA AF Van Doren, Jane M. Hogan, Kathleen B. Miller, Thomas M. Viggiano, A. A. TI Observation of dihalide elimination upon electron attachment to oxalyl chloride and oxalyl bromide, 300-550 K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR PROBE TECHNIQUE; 3RD-ROW ATOMS K; INTERNAL-ROTATION; THERMAL ELECTRONS; RATE CONSTANTS; GA-KR; MOLECULES; EXTENSION; DECOMPOSITION; ENERGIES AB Rate coefficients have been measured for electron attachment to oxalyl chloride [ClC(O)C(O)Cl] and oxalyl bromide [BrC(O)C(O)Br] in He gas at 133 Pa pressure over the temperature range of 300-550 K. With oxalyl chloride, the major ion product of attachment is Cl-2(-) at all temperatures (66% at 300 K); its importance increases slightly as temperature increases. Two other product ions formed are Cl- (18% at 300 K) and the phosgene anion CCl2O- (16% at 300 K) and appear to arise from a common mechanism. With oxalyl bromide, the Br-2(-) channel represents almost half of the ion product of attachment, independent of temperature. Br- accounts for the remainder. For oxalyl chloride, the attachment rate coefficient is small [(1.8 +/- 0.5)x10(-8) cm(3) s(-1) at 300 K], and increases with temperature. The attachment rate coefficient for oxalyl bromide [(1.3 +/- 0.4)x10(-7) cm(3) s(-1) at 300 K] is nearly collisional and increases only slightly with temperature. Stable parent anions C2Cl2O2- and C2Br2O2- and adduct anions Cl-(C2Cl2O2) and Br-(C2Br3O2) were observed but are not primary attachment products. G2 and G3 theories were applied to determine geometries of products and energetics of the electron attachment and ion-molecule reactions studied. Electron attachment to both oxalyl halide molecules leads to a shorter C-C bond and longer C-Cl bond in the anions formed. Trans and gauche conformers of the neutral and anionic oxalyl halide species have similar energies and are more stable than the cis conformer, which lies 100-200 meV higher in energy. For C2Cl2O2, C2Cl2O2-, and C2Br2O2-, the trans conformer is the most stable conformation. The calculations are ambiguous as to the oxalyl bromide geometry (trans or gauche), the result depending on the theoretical method and basis set. The cis conformers for C2Cl2O2 and C2Br2O2 are transition states. In contrast, the cis conformers of the anionic oxalyl halide molecules are stable, lying 131 meV above trans-C2Cl2O2- and 179 meV above trans-C2Br2O2-. Chien [J. Phys. Chem. A 103, 7918 (1999)] and Kim [J. Chem. Phys. 122, 234313 (2005)] found that the potential energy surface for rotation about the C-C bond in C2Cl2O2 is "extremely flat." Our computational data indicate that the analogous torsional surfaces for C2Br2O2, C2Cl2O2-, and C2Br2O2- are similarly flat. The electron affinity of oxalyl chloride, oxalyl bromide, and phosgene were calculated to be 1.91 eV (G3), and 2.00 eV (G2), and 1.17 eV (G3), respectively. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Coll Holy Cross, Dept Chem, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Van Doren, JM (reprint author), Coll Holy Cross, Dept Chem, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. EM jvandoren@holycross.edu; thomas.miller@hanscom.af.mil NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 14 PY 2006 VL 124 IS 18 AR 184313 DI 10.1063/1.2196409 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 041TC UT WOS:000237477800024 PM 16709112 ER PT J AU Hu, JJ Zabinski, JS Sanders, JH Bultman, JE Voevodin, AA AF Hu, JJ Zabinski, JS Sanders, JH Bultman, JE Voevodin, AA TI Pulsed laser syntheses of layer-structured WS2 nanomaterials in water SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID NANOPARTICLES; ABLATION; DISULFIDE; MOS2; NANOTUBES; GAS AB We used water as an environmental friendly medium for the synthesis of hexagonal WS2 nanoparticles by the pulsed laser method. The materials collected on substrates were oriented with the 2H-WS2 basal planes parallel to the surface. The use of water, UV lasers, and large WS2 targets prevented the nanoparticles from restructuring into inorganic fullerenes, which were observed in research using hydrocarbon solvents, longer wavelength lasers, and dispersed powder targets. Fairly good dispersion of nanoparticles suggests that large surface areas are available for chemical reactivity. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLBT, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hu, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLBT, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jianjun.hu@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 11 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 18 BP 8914 EP 8916 DI 10.1021/jp0611471 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 041JM UT WOS:000237451300003 PM 16671693 ER PT J AU Haji-Saeed, B Kolluru, R Pyburn, D Leon, R Sengupta, SK Testorf, M Goodhue, W Khoury, J Drehman, A Woods, CL Kierstead, J AF Haji-saeed, B. Kolluru, R. Pyburn, D. Leon, R. Sengupta, S. K. Testorf, M. Goodhue, W. Khoury, J. Drehman, A. Woods, C. L. Kierstead, J. TI Photoconductive optically driven deformable membrane under high-frequency bias: fabrication, characterization, and modeling SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-MODULATOR AB The fabrication and characterization of an optically addressable deformable mirror for a spatial light modulator are described. Device operation utilizes an electrostatically driven pixelated aluminized polymeric membrane mirror supported above an optically controlled photoconductive GaAs substrate. A 5 mu m thick grid of patterned photoresist supports the 2 mu m thick aluminized Mylar membrane. A conductive ZnO layer is placed on the backside of the GaAs wafer. Similar devices were also fabricated with InP. A standard Michelson interferometer is used to measure mirror deformation data as a function of illumination, applied voltage, and frequency. The device operates as an impedance distribution between two cascaded impedances of deformable membrane substrate, substrate, and electrode. An analysis of device's operation under several bias conditions, which relates membrane deformation to operating parameters, is presented. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 10 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 14 BP 3226 EP 3236 DI 10.1364/AO.45.003226 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 041PB UT WOS:000237467000004 PM 16676026 ER PT J AU Haji-Saeed, B Sengupta, SK Testorf, M Goodhue, W Khoury, J Woods, CL Kierstead, J AF Haji-Saeed, B. Sengupta, S. K. Testorf, M. Goodhue, W. Khoury, J. Woods, C. L. Kierstead, J. TI Real-time holographic deconvolution techniques for one-way image transmission through an aberrating medium: characterization, modeling, and measurements SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-CODING TECHNIQUE; PHOTOREFRACTIVE BI12GEO20; COMPENSATION AB We propose and demonstrate a new photorefractive real-time holographic deconvolution technique for adaptive one-way image transmission through aberrating media by means of four-wave mixing. In contrast with earlier methods, which typically required various codings of the exact phase or two-way image transmission for correcting phase distortion, our technique relies on one-way image transmission through the use of exact phase information. Our technique can simultaneously correct both amplitude and phase distortions. We include several forms of image degradation, various test cases, and experimental results. We characterize the performance as a function of the input beam ratios for four metrics: signal-to-noise ratio, normalized root-mean-square error, edge restoration, and peak-to-total energy ratio. In our characterization we use false-color graphic images to display the best beam-intensity ratio two-dimensional region(s) for each of these metrics. Test cases are simulated at the optimal values of the beam-intensity ratios. We demonstrate our results through both experiment and computer simulation. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. EM jed.khoury@hanscom.af.mil NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 10 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 14 BP 3298 EP 3306 DI 10.1364/AO.45.003298 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 041PB UT WOS:000237467000013 PM 16676035 ER PT J AU Sheta, EF Moses, RW Huttsell, LJ AF Sheta, EF Moses, RW Huttsell, LJ TI Active smart material control system for buffet alleviation SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB Vertical tail buffeting is a serious multidisciplinary problem that limits the performance and maneuverability of twin-tail fighter aircraft. The buffet problem occurs at high angles of attack when the vortical flow breaks down ahead of the vertical tails resulting in unsteady and unbalanced loads on the tails leading to their premature fatigue failure. An active smart material control system, using distributed piezoelectric (PZT) actuators, is developed for buffet alleviation and is presented. The surfaces of the vertical tail are equipped with PZT actuators to control the buffet responses in the first bending and torsion modes. The electrodynamics of the PZT actuators are modeled using a finite-element model. A singleinput/single-output controller is designed to drive the active PZT actuators. High-fidelity analysis modules for the fluid dynamics, structural dynamics, electrodynamics of the PZT actuators, control law, fluid-structure interfacing, and and motion are integrated into a multidisciplinary computing environment that controls the temporal synchronization of the analysis modules. The results of this study indicate that the actively controlled PZT actuators are an effective tool for buffet alleviation over wide range of angels of attack. Peak values of power spectral density of tail-tip acceleration are reduced by as much as 22% in the first bending mode and by as much as 82% in the first torsion mode. The root mean square values of tail-tip acceleration are reduced by as much as 12%. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CFD Res Corp, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Sheta, EF (reprint author), CFD Res Corp, 215 Wynn Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM efs@cfdrc.com NR 22 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD MAY 9 PY 2006 VL 292 IS 3-5 BP 854 EP 868 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2005.09.002 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 025AW UT WOS:000236238700028 ER PT J AU Bopp, JC Diken, EG Headrick, JM Roscioli, JR Johnson, MA AF Bopp, JC Diken, EG Headrick, JM Roscioli, JR Johnson, MA TI Determination of the CO3- bond strength via the resonant two-photon photodissociation threshold: Electronic and vibrational spectroscopy of CO3-center dot Ar-n SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE-IONS; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; HNO3; THERMOCHEMISTRY; PHOTODETACHMENT; DISSOCIATION; QUADRUPOLE; DYNAMICS; REACTOR; MODEL AB We use a two-laser pump-probe technique coupled with messenger atom tagging to determine the bond energy of O- to CO2 in the CO3- ion, a prevalent species in the upper atmosphere. In this technique, the argon-tagged ion is first electronically excited using a visible laser, then irradiated with a tunable near-infrared beam across the CO2 center dot center dot center dot O- dissociation threshold while O- products are monitored. This method yields a bond energy of 2.79 +/- 0.05 eV, which is about 0.5 eV higher than previously reported. Combining this with the well-known heats of formation of O- and CO2, 105.6 and -393.1 kJ/mol, respectively [Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, edited by L. V. Gurvich, I. V. Veyts, and C. B. Alcock (Hemisphere, New York, 1989), Vol. 1 and CODATA Thermodynamic Tables, edited by O. Garvin, V. B. Parker, and J. H. J. White (Hemisphere, New York, 1987)], yields the CO3- heat of formation: Delta H-0(0)=-556.7 +/- 4.8 kJ/mol. The one-photon (i.e., linear) infrared and electronic spectra of CO3- are also presented and compared to those obtained previously. The one-photon electronic spectrum is nearly identical to two-photon spectra, implying that argon does not significantly perturb the ion or its symmetry. The infrared spectrum is drastically different than that obtained in an argon matrix, however, indicating that the ion is likely distorted in the matrix environment. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Yale Univ, Sterling Chem Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Bopp, JC (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sterling Chem Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM mark.johnson@yale.edu NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 7 PY 2006 VL 124 IS 17 AR 174302 DI 10.1063/1.2183303 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 039QQ UT WOS:000237321700008 PM 16689566 ER PT J AU Music, D Sun, ZM Voevodin, AA Schneider, JM AF Music, Denis Sun, Zhimei Voevodin, Andrey A. Schneider, Jochen M. TI Ab initio study of basal slip in Nb2AlC SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; (TI,NB)(2)ALC; DEFORMATION; TI3SIC2; SOLIDS; PHASES; GA; CR; TI AB Using ab initio calculations, we have studied shearing in Nb2AlC, where NbC and Al layers are interleaved. The stress-strain analysis of this deformation mode reveals Nb-Al bond breaking, while the Nb-C bond length decreases by 4.1%. Furthermore, there is no evidence for phase transformation during deformation. This is consistent with basal slip and may be understood on the basis of the electronic structure: bands below the Fermi level are responsible for the dd bonding between NbC basal planes and only a single band with a weak dd interaction is not resistant to shearing, while all other bands are unaffected. The Al-Nb bonding character can be described as mainly metallic with weak covalent-ionic contributions. Our study demonstrates that Al layers move with relative ease under shear strain. Phase conservation upon shearing is unusual for carbides and may be due to the layered nature of the phase studied. Here, we describe the electronic origin of basal slip in Nb2AlC, the atomic mechanism which enables reversible plasticity in this class of materials. C1 Univ Aachen, Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Grp, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Music, D (reprint author), Univ Aachen, Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Kopernikusstr 16, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. EM music@mch.rwth-aachen.de RI Schneider, Jochen/A-4701-2012; Music, Denis/C-2978-2012; Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 OI Music, Denis/0000-0003-2303-3676; NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAY 3 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 17 BP 4389 EP 4395 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/18/17/024 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 054CR UT WOS:000238354300028 PM 21690790 ER PT J AU Koerner, H Misra, D Tan, A Drummy, L Mirau, P Vaia, R AF Koerner, Hilmar Misra, Devesh Tan, Ashley Drummy, Lawrence Mirau, Peter Vaia, Richard TI Montmorillonite-thermoset nanocomposites via cryo-compounding SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE epoxy; polymer nanocomposite; layered silicate ID LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; EPOXY-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; STATE SHEAR PULVERIZATION; POLYMER BLENDS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MORPHOLOGY; ORGANOCLAY; SPECTROSCOPY; DISPERSION; BEHAVIOR AB For organically modified montmorillonite (OMM)-epoxy nanocomposites, maximal montmorillonite dispersion is found to depend synergistically on the mechanical processing history of the resin mixture and the chemistry at the OMM surface. Specifically, Cloisite 30A (quaternary ammonium OMM) and I30.E (primary ammonium OMM), each containing surfactants with different catalytic effects on the curing chemistry of Epon 862, are compared. Irrespective of the OMM, conventional solvent-free processing methodologies, including sonication, result in an inhomogeneous distribution of OMM on the micron scale. Even though the primary ammonium alkyls within I30.E enhance intragallery reactivity, this only results in extensive swelling of tactoids (interlayer distance similar to 10-20 nm), and thus retention of layer-layer correlations, leading to 'hybrid' micron scale reinforcing particles, not nanoscale dispersion of individual layers. In contrast, sub-ambient temperature (cryo) compounding had substantial impact on the ability to reduce tactoid and agglomerate size and increase homogeneity of dispersion for Cloisite 30A. The reactivity near Cloisite 30A is similar to that in the bulk and thus localized gelation around the layer-stacks does not retard particulate refinement. In all cases, alteration of the global epoxy network structure was ruled out by FTIR and NMR measurements. For nanocomposites with similar OMM content, however, the final thermal-mechanical properties does not coherently relate to one characteristic of the morphology. The coefficient of thermal expansion (T > T(g)) and hardness (T < T(g)) depend only weakly on morphology, where as the glass transition temperature depends strongly on the extent of OMM dispersion and interfacial chemistry. In general, the inter-relationships between mechanical processing, OMM surface chemistry and the desired property enhancements are not linear and thus must be considered in light of a final application to evaluate the optimal 'nanocomposite' fabrication methodology to achieve maximal benefit. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Louisiana, Dept Chem Engn, Lafayette, LA USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vaia, R (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil NR 50 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD MAY 3 PY 2006 VL 47 IS 10 BP 3426 EP 3435 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.03.057 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 047DG UT WOS:000237859400017 ER PT J AU Wen, YH Wang, B Simmons, JP Wang, Y AF Wen, YH Wang, B Simmons, JP Wang, Y TI A phase-field model for heat treatment applications in Ni-based alloys SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE aging; nickel alloys; phase-field models; precipitation; engineering model ID AT-PERCENT AL; ORDERED INTERMETALLICS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; ELASTIC INTERACTION; PRECIPITATE GROWTH; SHAPE EVOLUTION; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; GAMMA'; NUCLEATION; SYSTEM AB This work details our attempts towards developing a phase-field model into an engineering tool that can be used to simulate microstructural evolution under a prescribed heat treatment procedure. Most previous work is limited to isothermal conditions. We performed isothermal simulations for a few Ni-Al alloys at various temperatures. Growth kinetics and particle number density evolution with time were documented and compared with experimental observations. The temperature dependence of phase-field input parameters was described for modeling realistic heat treatments. In the selection of gradient coefficient constants we found it difficult to fit the interfacial energy and anti-phase domain boundary energy simultaneously without causing microstructure instability in the simulations. In comparison with experimentally observed kinetics, we found that the gamma/gamma' interfacial energy has to be around 70 mJ/m(2) at 550 degrees C to achieve reasonable agreement in mean particle size evolution, although a wide spread of this energy was reported by fitting to experimentally measured coarsening kinetics. We proposed a fast calibration procedure of the phase-field model by two isothermal experiments and this concept will be further tested in more complex alloys. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia, Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Wen, YH (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM youhai.wen@wpafb.af.mil RI Wang, Yunzhi/B-2557-2010 NR 44 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 4 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 54 IS 8 BP 2087 EP 2099 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.01.001 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 043KR UT WOS:000237600400011 ER PT J AU Mitcell, AM Morton, SA Forsythe, JR Cummings, RM AF Mitcell, AM Morton, SA Forsythe, JR Cummings, RM TI Analysis of delta-wing vortical substructures using detached-eddy simulation SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 32nd Fluid Dynamics Conference CY JUN 24-26, 2002 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID VORTEX BREAKDOWN; SHEAR LAYERS; FLOWS; VISUALIZATION AB An understanding of the vortical structures that comprise the vortical flowfield around slender bodies is essential for the development of highly maneuverable and high-angle-of-attack flight. This is primarily because of the physical limits these phenomena impose on aircraft and missiles at extreme flight conditions. Demands for more maneuverable air vehicles have pushed the limits of current computational fluid dynamics methods in the high-Reynolds-number regime. Simulation methods must be able to accurately describe the unsteady, vortical flowfields associated with fighter aircraft at Reynolds numbers more representative of full-scale vehicles. It is the goal here to demonstrate the ability of detached-eddy simulation (DES), a hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes/large-eddy-simulation method, to accurately model the vortical flowfield over a slender delta wing at Reynolds numbers above one million. DES has successfully predicted the location of the vortex breakdown phenomenon, and the goal of the current effort is to analyze and assess the influence of vortical substructures in the separating shear layers that roll up to form the leading-edge vortices. Very detailed experiments performed at ONERA using three-dimensional laser-Doppler-velocimetry measurement will be used to compare simulations utilizing DES turbulence models. The computational results provide novel insight into the formation and impact of the vortical substructures in the separating shear layers on the entire vertical flowfield. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Mitcell, AM (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 44 IS 5 BP 964 EP 972 DI 10.2514/1.755 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 041YB UT WOS:000237492000005 ER PT J AU Boyd, ST Fremming, BA AF Boyd, ST Fremming, BA TI Update on rimonabant - A selective cannabinoid CB1 antagonist SO ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Letter C1 Xavier Univ, Natchitoches, LA 71457 USA. USAF, BSC, Offutt Air Force Base, NE USA. Impatien Pharm Serv, Offutt Air Force Base, NE USA. RP Boyd, ST (reprint author), Xavier Univ, 407 Bienville St, Natchitoches, LA 71457 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU HARVEY WHITNEY BOOKS CO PI CINCINNATI PA PO BOX 42696, CINCINNATI, OH 45242 USA SN 1060-0280 J9 ANN PHARMACOTHER JI Ann. Pharmacother. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 40 IS 5 BP 994 EP 994 DI 10.1345/aph.1G713 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 043KW UT WOS:000237600900035 PM 16638915 ER PT J AU Robinette, KM Daanen, HAM AF Robinette, KM Daanen, HAM TI Precision of the CAESAR scan-extracted measurements SO APPLIED ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE anthropometry; three-dimensional; survey AB Three-dimensional (3D) body scanners are increasingly used to derive 1D body dimensions from 3D whole body scans for instance, as input for clothing grading systems to make made-to-measure clothing or for width and depth dimensions of a seated workstation. In this study, the precision of the scanner-derived ID dimensions from the CAESAR survey, a multinational anthropometric survey, was investigated. Two combinations of scanning teams with 3D whole body scanners were compared, one called the US Team and the other the Dutch Team. Twenty Subjects were measured three times by one scanner and one team, and three times by the other combination. The subjects were marked prior to scanning using small dots, and the linear distances between the dots were calculated after processing the scans. The mean absolute difference (MAD) of the repetitions was calculated and this was compared to reported acceptable errors in manual measurements from the US Army's ANSUR survey when similar measurements were available. In addition, the coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated for all measurements. The results indicate that the CAESAR scan-extracted measurements are highly reproducible; for most measures the MAD is less than 5 mm. In addition, more than 93% of the MAD values for CAESAR are significantly smaller than the ANSUR survey acceptable errors. Therefore, it is concluded that the type of scan-extracted measures used in CAESAR are as good as or better than comparable manual measurements. Scan-extracted measurements that do not use markers or are not straight-line distances are not represented here and additional studies would be needed to verify their precision. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. TNO, NL-3769 ZG Soesterberg, Netherlands. RP USAF, Res Lab, 2800 Q St,Bldg 824, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kathleen.robinette@wpafb.af.mil; daanen@tm.tno.nl NR 17 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-6870 EI 1872-9126 J9 APPL ERGON JI Appl. Ergon. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 37 IS 3 BP 259 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.apergo.2005.07.009 PG 7 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied SC Engineering; Psychology GA 015NA UT WOS:000235556900002 PM 16202970 ER PT J AU Sun, YG Menard, E Rogers, JA Kim, HS Kim, S Chen, G Adesida, I Dettmer, R Cortez, R Tewksbury, A AF Sun, YG Menard, E Rogers, JA Kim, HS Kim, S Chen, G Adesida, I Dettmer, R Cortez, R Tewksbury, A TI Gigahertz operation in flexible transistors on plastic substrates SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; III-V SEMICONDUCTORS; FABRICATION; SILICON; SPIN AB The combined use of GaAs wires with Ohmic contacts formed from bulk wafers, soft lithographic transfer printing techniques, and optimized device designs enables mechanically flexible transistors to be formed on low-cost plastic substrates, with individual device speeds in the gigahertz range and with high degrees of mechanical bendability. These high-speed devices incorporate materials in simple layouts that can be fabricated with modest lithographic patterning resolution and registration. This letter describes their electrical and mechanical characteristics. The results have the potential to be important to certain large-area, "macroelectronic" systems that can provide for high-speed communication and processing capabilities. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Micro & Nanotechnol Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rogers, JA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jrogers@uiuc.edu; ross.dettmer@wpafb.af.mil RI Sun, Yugang /A-3683-2010; Rogers, John /L-2798-2016 OI Sun, Yugang /0000-0001-6351-6977; NR 17 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 18 AR 183509 DI 10.1063/1.2198832 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 039QP UT WOS:000237321600093 ER PT J AU Cigrang, JA Hunter, CM Peterson, AL AF Cigrang, JA Hunter, CM Peterson, AL TI Behavioral treatment of chronic belching due to aerophagia in a normal adult SO BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION LA English DT Article DE behavioral treatment; aerophagia; gastrointestinal disorders ID HIATUS-HERNIA AB Aerophagia, or excessive air swallowing, is a potential cause of belching, flatulence, bloating, and abdominal pain and may contribute to a worsening of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. A limited number of published reports of aerophagia treatment indicate that behavioral methods may be of benefit. A case report is presented describing the behavioral treatment of chronic belching due to aerophagia in an adult female. The collaborative application of single-participant design research helped identify open-mouth, diaphragmatic breathing and minimized swallowing as an effective intervention. Belching frequency was reduced from in average rate of 18 per 5-min interval during the baseline period to 3 per 5-min period after treatment. Results were maintained at an 18-month follow-up. Recommendations for the use of a brief treatment protocol with adults referred for chronic belching or other GI complaints attributed to aerophagia are discussed. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0145-4455 J9 BEHAV MODIF JI Behav. Modificat. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 30 IS 3 BP 341 EP 351 DI 10.1177/0145445504264746 PG 11 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 033SH UT WOS:000236869000005 PM 16574818 ER PT J AU Van Dongen, HRA Caldwell, JA Caldwell, JL AF Van Dongen, Hans R. A. Caldwell, John A., Jr. Caldwell, J. Lynn TI Investigating systematic individual differences in sleep-deprived performance on a high-fidelity flight simulator SO BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS LA English DT Article ID INTERINDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES; REGRESSION-ANALYSIS; DOSE-RESPONSE; ALERTNESS; DEPRIVATION; RESTRICTION; WAKEFULNESS; MEMORY; PILOTS; MODEL AB Laboratory research has revealed considerable systematic variability in the degree to which individuals' alertness and performance are affected by sleep deprivation. However, little is known about whether or not different populations exhibit similar levels of individual variability. In the present study, we examined individual variability in performance impairment due to sleep loss in a highly select population of military jet pilots. Ten active-duty F-117 pilots were deprived of sleep for 38 h and studied repeatedly in a high-fidelity flight simulator. Data were analyzed with a mixed-model ANOVA to quantify individual variability Statistically significant, systematic individual differences in the effects of sleep deprivation were observed, even when baseline differences were accounted for. The findings suggest that highly select populations may exhibit individual differences in vulnerability to performance impairment from sleep loss just as the general population does. Thus, the scientific and operational communities' reliance on group data as opposed to individual data may entail substantial misestimation of the impact of job-related stressors on safety and performance. C1 Washington State Univ, Sleep & Performance Res Ctr, Spokane, WA 99210 USA. AF Res Lab, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Van Dongen, HRA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sleep & Performance Res Ctr, POB 1495, Spokane, WA 99210 USA. EM hvd@wsu.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01-HL70154] NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 3 PU PSYCHONOMIC SOC INC PI AUSTIN PA 1710 FORTVIEW RD, AUSTIN, TX 78704 USA SN 1554-351X J9 BEHAV RES METHODS JI Behav. Res. Methods PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 2 BP 333 EP 343 PG 11 WC Psychology, Mathematical; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 078CN UT WOS:000240078900020 PM 16956110 ER PT J AU Moseman, CP Robinson, RD Bates, GW Propst, AM AF Moseman, CP Robinson, RD Bates, GW Propst, AM TI Identifying women who will request sterilization reversal in a military population SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Article DE tubal anastomosis; tubal sterilization; sterilization regret ID TUBAL-STERILIZATION; REGRET AB Objective: We sought to identify the characteristics of women in a military population who are likely to seek a tubal anastomosis after a previous bilateral tubal ligation (BTL). Method: A written investigational review board-approved questionnaire was administered to 56 women, ages 18-40 years, requesting evaluation for a reversal of a prior BTL and 52 women of the same age range not seeking reversal. The questionnaire identified demographics and relationship characteristics of volunteers at the time of their decision to have a BTL and at the present time. Results: Age 25 years or younger, sterilization due to pressure from a partner, poor marital relationship at the time of the BTL and a new marriage are highly predictive of tubal sterilization regret and a request for sterilization reversal in a military population. In addition, women requesting a tubal anastomosis reported less preoperative counseling on the permanence of a BTL and of the male alternative for permanent female sterilization, vasectomy. Conclusion: Women with these characteristics should have extensive counseling before undergoing tubal sterilization. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Reprod Endocrinol & Infertil, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Propst, AM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Reprod Endocrinol & Infertil, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM anthony.propst@lackland.af.mil NR 10 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 BP 512 EP 515 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2005.11.005 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 038GZ UT WOS:000237208500010 PM 16627036 ER PT J AU Stragier, P Ablordey, A Bayonne, LM Lugor, YL Sindani, IS Suykerbuyk, P Wabinga, H Meyers, WM Portaels, F AF Stragier, P Ablordey, A Bayonne, LM Lugor, YL Sindani, IS Suykerbuyk, P Wabinga, H Meyers, WM Portaels, F TI Heterogeneity among Mycobacterium ulcerans isolates from Africa SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BURULI ULCER; MARINUM; POLYMORPHISM; IS2404; BENIN AB Mycobacterium ulcerans causes Buruli ulcer, an ulcerative skin disease in tropical and subtropical areas. Despite restricted genetic diversity, mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable-number tandem repeat analysis on M. ulcerans revealed 3 genotypes from different African countries. It is the first time this typing method succeeded directly on patient samples. C1 Inst Trop Med, Dept Microbiol, Mycobacteriol Unit, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. Ctr Hosp Libreville, Libreville, Gabon. Yambio Hosp, Eldoret, Kenya. World Hlth Org, S Sudan Off, Nairobi, Kenya. Makerere Univ, Kampala, Uganda. USAF, Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Portaels, F (reprint author), Inst Trop Med, Dept Microbiol, Mycobacteriol Unit, Natl Str 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. EM portaels@itg.be RI Stragier, Pieter/G-9414-2012 OI Stragier, Pieter/0000-0002-6369-341X NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2006 VL 12 IS 5 BP 844 EP 847 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 037ZP UT WOS:000237187200026 PM 16704851 ER PT J AU Crafton, J Carter, C Sullivan, J Elliott, G AF Crafton, J Carter, C Sullivan, J Elliott, G TI Pressure measurements on the impingement surface of sonic and sub-sonic jets impinging onto a flat plate at inclined angles SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE inclined impinging jet; pressure-sensitive paint; particle image velocimetry ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATION; FLOW AB The flow field associated with a jet impinging onto a surface at an inclined angle is investigated using pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) and particle image velocimetry. The PSP yields continuous measurements of pressure on the jet impingement surface. The jet footprint on the impingement surface is visualized using the half-maximum pressure contour. The results indicate that the impingement angle of the jet is the dominant parameter in determining the footprint of the jet on the impingement surface. This contour is similar in shape to an ellipse that is created by projecting the nozzle through the impingement surface. The ellipse is centered at the location of maximum pressure and the width of the minor axis is just over one jet diameter. The location of maximum pressure is found upstream of the geometric impingement point and this location is a strong function of the impingement angle. A curve fit for the location of maximum pressure can be constructed using an exact solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for a non-orthogonal stagnation flow. The maximum value of pressure is a function of impingement angle and varies as the sine of the impingement angle squared; the maximum pressure is also a function of jet impingement distance. Using these results, a simple procedure for predicting the overall structure of the jet on the impingement surface is presented. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Illinois, Talbot Lab 306, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Crafton, J (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM jwcrafton@innssi.com NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD MAY PY 2006 VL 40 IS 5 BP 697 EP 707 DI 10.1007/s00348-006-0107-z PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 037BR UT WOS:000237122200003 ER PT J AU Parker, AL England, RW Nguyen, SA Whisman, BA Hagan, LL AF Parker, Amy L. England, Ronald W. Nguyen, Steven A. Whisman, Bonnie A. Hagan, Larry L. TI Generalized cutaneous reactions to the anthrax vaccine - Preliminary results of anthrax vaccine-specific cell mediated immunity and cytokine profiles SO HUMAN VACCINES LA English DT Article DE anthrax vaccines; dermatitis eczematous; voluntary; cytokines; immunity cellular; anthrax ID ATOPIC-DERMATITIS; IMMUNIZATION AB Over two years, the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System reported that 0.042% of all anthrax vaccine (Biothrax, Bioport Corporation) doses administered were associated with cutaneous reactions, half of which were eczematous. This case series attempts to immunologically detail this eczematous reaction in four patients by measuring anthrax vaccine-specific cell mediated immunity (ASCMI), profiling TH1 and TH2 cytokine response to the anthrax vaccine in vitro, and analyzing of skin biopsy specimens. Results demonstrated that (1) ASCMI was variable and likely unrelated to this reaction; (2) a lack of TH1 cytokine response to anthrax vaccine may be associated with an increased risk of this eczematous reaction; and (3) skin biopsy findings were nonspecific but supportive of a clinical diagnosis of eczema. Future studies with more patients may yield data to further characterize the ASCMI response and cytokine profiles among patients with this type of reaction. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. David Grant Med Ctr, Travis AFB, Travis AFB, CA USA. Keesler Med Ctr, Keesler AFB, Biloxi, MS USA. RP Parker, AL (reprint author), 759 MDOS MMIA,2200 Bergquist Dr Ste1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Amy.Parker@lackland.af.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI GEORGETOWN PA 810 SOUTH CHURCH STREET, GEORGETOWN, TX 78626 USA SN 1554-8619 J9 HUM VACCINES JI Hum. Vaccines PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 2 IS 3 BP 105 EP 109 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 132YS UT WOS:000243979400003 PM 17012907 ER PT J AU Michalak, RJ Kuo, YH Nash, FD Szep, A Caffey, JR Payson, PM Haas, F McKeon, BF Cook, PR Brost, GA Luo, JD Jen, AKY Dalton, LR Steier, WH AF Michalak, RJ Kuo, YH Nash, FD Szep, A Caffey, JR Payson, PM Haas, F McKeon, BF Cook, PR Brost, GA Luo, JD Jen, AKY Dalton, LR Steier, WH TI High-speed AJL8/APC polymer modulator SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE electrooptic modulation; optical polymers AB High-speed polymer modulators were fabricated using low-V-pi AJL8 chromophore in amorphous polycarbonate, and highly calibrated frequency response measurements were obtained using convenient coplanar-microstrip transitions. These Mach-Zehnder modulators show good frequency response to 50 GHz, with a loss and velocity mismatch-limited V-pi at 50 GHz < 12 V. The measurements establish AJL8 as an excellent candidate for future military analog optical links. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Michalak, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RI Jen, Alex/E-5957-2012; Luo, Jingdong/A-1477-2016 OI Luo, Jingdong/0000-0001-9990-2618 NR 7 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 18 IS 9-12 BP 1207 EP 1209 DI 10.1109/LPT.2006.874679 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 059BM UT WOS:000238708300069 ER PT J AU Hopkinson, K Wang, XR Giovanini, R Thorp, J Birman, K Coury, D AF Hopkinson, K Wang, XR Giovanini, R Thorp, J Birman, K Coury, D TI EPOCHS: A platform for agent-based electric power and communication simulation built from commercial off-the-shelf components SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE agents; commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) integration; networking; power systems evaluation; simulation ID STABILITY; SYSTEM AB This paper reports on the development and subsequent use of the electric power and communication synchronizing simulator (EPOCHS), a distributed simulation environment. Existing electric power simulation tools accurately model power systems of the past, which were controlled as large regional power pools without significant communication elements. However, as power systems increasingly turn to protection and control systems that make use of computer networks, these simulators are less and less capable of predicting the likely behavior of the resulting power grids. Similarly, the tools used to evaluate new communication protocols and systems have been developed without attention to the roles they might play in power scenarios. EPOCHS integrates multiple research and commercial off-the-shelf systems to bridge the gap. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. SW Jiaotong Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Elect Engn, BR-13566590 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Hopkinson, K (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kenneth.hopkinson@afit.edu; xrwang@home.swjtu.edu.cn; renan@sc.usp.br; jsthorp@vt.edu; ken@cs.cornell.edu; coury@sc.usp.br NR 34 TC 110 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8950 J9 IEEE T POWER SYST JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 21 IS 2 BP 548 EP 558 DI 10.1109/TPWRS.2006.873129 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 039NO UT WOS:000237313000012 ER PT J AU Johnson, TJ Manning, R Adams, DE Sterkenburg, R Jata, K AF Johnson, TJ Manning, R Adams, DE Sterkenburg, R Jata, K TI Diagnostics of tool-part interactions during riveting on an aluminum aircraft fuselage SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB Manufacturing processes including cutting, grinding, polishing, and riveting in metal structures involve dynamic processing loads, which can seriously affect material quality - for example, short transverse stresses or defect densities surrounding rivet holes. In structural health monitoring, these process loads are often not considered when designing loads and usage monitoring sensing and data interrogation systems. Riveting operations for assembling aerostructures and their effects on local material/part quality in the neighborhood of the holes are examined herein. Physics-based nonlinear dynamic models taking into account complex double riveting impacts at the front and back of a fuselage section and the effects of operator preload are first developed to guide the experimental measurement process. Experimental shock acceleration data on the end of a rivet gun are then utilized to extract features for assessing rivet fitness in situ using vibration signals. A qualitative agreement between the analytical and experimental nonlinear resonance data surrounding 100 Hz is obtained. It is demonstrated using rivet quality assurance indicators based on spectral transmission through the tool-part interface and human operator specifications that such techniques can be utilized to identify riveting processes with skewed delivery (gun or bar), circular indentations, and bucking bar slip to assess susceptibility to future damage in fuselage structures. A simple method for normalizing loads data to take into account changes in rivet gun mass is also proposed. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ray W Herrick Labs, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Aviat Technol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Johnson, TJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ray W Herrick Labs, 140 S Intramural Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 43 IS 3 BP 779 EP 786 DI 10.2514/1.17203 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 058NA UT WOS:000238670500023 ER PT J AU Ruyten, W AF Ruyten, W TI Sting deflection model for automatic image registration in wind-tunnel testing SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 24th Aerodynamic Measurement Technology and Ground Testing Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2004 CL Portland, OR SP AIAA ID AUGMENTED TEMPLATE; PHOTOGRAMMETRY C1 Aerosp Testing Alliance, Technol & Anal Branch, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Ruyten, W (reprint author), Aerosp Testing Alliance, Technol & Anal Branch, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 43 IS 3 BP 853 EP 855 DI 10.2514/1.19153 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 058NA UT WOS:000238670500036 ER PT J AU Fiorino, ST Smith, EA AF Fiorino, ST Smith, EA TI Critical assessment of microphysical assumptions within TRMM radiometer rain profile algorithm using satellite, aircraft, and surface datasets from KWAJEX SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RETRIEVAL ALGORITHMS; PRECIPITATION RADAR; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; ATTENUATION; SCATTERING; EMISSION; CLOUDS AB The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager precipitation profile retrieval algorithm (2a12) assumes cloud model-derived vertically distributed microphysics as part of the radiative transfer-controlled inversion process to generate rain-rate estimates. Although this algorithm has been extensively evaluated, none of the evaluation approaches has explicitly examined the underlying microphysical assumptions through a direct intercomparison of the assumed cloud-model microphysics with in situ, three-dimensional microphysical observations. The main scientific objective of this study is to identify and overcome the foremost model-generated microphysical weaknesses in the TRMM 2a12 algorithm through analysis of ( a) in situ aircraft microphysical observations; (b) aircraft- and satellite-based passive microwave measurements; ( c) ground-, aircraft-, and satellite-based radar measurements; (d) synthesized satellite brightness temperatures and radar reflectivities; ( e) radiometer-only profile algorithm retrievals; and (f) radar-only profile or volume algorithm retrievals. Results indicate the assumed 2a12 microphysics differs most from aircraft- observed microphysics where either ground or aircraft radar-derived rain rates exhibit the greatest differences with 2a12-retrieved rain rates. An emission-scattering coordinate system highlights the 2a12 algorithm's tendency to match high-emission/high-scattering observed profiles to high-emission/low-scattering database profiles. This is due to a lack of mixed-phase-layer ice hydrometeor scatterers in the cloud model-generated profiles as compared with observed profiles. Direct comparisons between aircraft- measured and model-generated 2a12 microphysics suggest that, on average, the radiometer algorithm's microphysics database retrieves liquid and ice water contents that are approximately 1/3 the size of those observed at levels below 10 km. Also, the 2a12 rain-rate retrievals are shown to be strongly influenced by the 2a12's convective fraction specification. A proposed modification of this factor would improve 2a12 rain-rate retrievals; however, fundamental changes to the cloud radiation model's ice parameterization are necessary to overcome the algorithm's tendency to produce mixed-phase-layer ice hydrometeor deficits. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Smith, EA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 613-6, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM eric.a.smith@nasa.gov NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 45 IS 5 BP 754 EP 786 DI 10.1175/JAM2336.1 PG 33 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 055GF UT WOS:000238437400007 ER PT J AU Patton, ST Zabinski, JS AF Patton, ST Zabinski, JS TI Effects of dielectric charging on fundamental forces and reliability in capacitive microelectromechanical systems radio frequency switch contacts SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MEMS AB Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) radio frequency switches hold great promise in a myriad of commercial, aerospace, and military applications. In particular, capacitive-type switches with metal-to-dielectric contacts (typically gold-on-silicon nitride) are suitable for high frequency (>= 10 GHz) applications. However, the devices are known to be unstable in their performance due to parasitic dielectric charging. Although several authors have previously reported the switch failure along with shifts in pull-down and release voltages due to charging, there is some disagreement and lack of understanding among the various reports. This study uses a switch simulator capable of measuring microscale electrostatic and adhesive forces to investigate charging and its effect on reliability and fundamental forces acting within MEMS capacitive switches. An important advantage of the switch simulator is that it can be actuated with or without a bias voltage. Electrostatic force and dielectric charging increased as surfaces were worn smooth by cycling. This is because the surface smoothening decreases separation and increases the electric field strength inside the dielectric. A simple analytical model was developed using electromagnetic theory for the electrostatic force in terms of bias voltage and the areal density of parasitic charge. Using the model and experimental data, it was determined that "charging" (net charge is zero) with the same polarity as the bias voltage resulted in reduced electrostatic force (under bias voltage) when a worn-in switch was actuated repeatedly at constant bias voltage >= 40 V. Small electrostatic force under bias voltage can explain failure in the "up" position (failure to actuate and self-release). Reversing the polarity of the bias voltage between actuations prevented charge buildup and doubled the electrostatic force, which can help explain the effectiveness of bipolar actuation. The charging time constant for parasitic dielectric charge is about 30 s under typical MEMS contact conditions. In the specific case of parasitic charge being present, high electrostatic and adhesion forces were measured at zero volts bias. This can explain failure in the down position under zero bias voltage due to self-actuation or adhesion. (C) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Patton, ST (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM steve.patton@wpafb.af.mil NR 30 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 9 AR 094910 DI 10.1063/1.2194125 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 044OV UT WOS:000237682900096 ER PT J AU Sharma, RD Dao, PD AF Sharma, RD Dao, PD TI A potential remote-sensing technique for thermospheric temperature with ground-based resonant atomic oxygen Raman lidar SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE middle and upper atmosphere; atomic oxygen density; temperature; resonant Raman scattering; remote sensing ID FLUORESCENCE LIDAR; STATE AB We propose a remote-sensing technique to measure temperature in the lower thermosphere with a resonant Raman lidar. A ground-based pulsed laser operating at 630.0304 (636-3776) run excites P-3(2) (P-3(1)) multiplet level of the ground electronic state of atomic oxygen in the atmosphere to the electronically excited D-1(2) state and the back-scattered photons at 636.3776 (630.0304) nm, while the atom transitions to P-3(1) (P-3(2)), are detected. Using the backscattering Raman cross sections Calculated here we show: (1) For the range of altitudes in the lower thermosphere where the fine-structure multiplets of atomic oxygen are in thermodynamic equilibrium with the local translational temperature (LTE) and the electronically excited intermediate state D-1(2) remains relaxed primarily by collisions with N-2 and O-2, the ratio, of the backscattered signal can be used to obtain temperature. (2) Higher up, for the range of altitudes where the fine-structure multiplets of atomic oxygen are in LTE and the electronically excited intermediate state 1 D, is relaxed primarily by spontaneous emission of a photon. the Stokes and anti-Stokes backscattered signal can be used to obtain the atomic oxygen density and local temperature. (3) Still higher up, for the range of altitudes where the fine-structure multiplets of atomic oxygen are not in LTE and the electronically excited intermediate state D-1(2) is relaxed primarily by spontaneous emission of a photon, the Stokes and anti-Stokes backscattered signal can be used to obtain the density of the P-3(2) and P-3(1) multiplet levels of the ground electronic state of atomic oxygen. For a ground-based instrument a simulation with 3 km range gate is used to show that the relative error of temperature measurements from 100 to 250 km could be less than 30%. It is pointed Out that this technique has the potential of providing unique data that addresses the modeling of satellite drag and the effects of space weather on the upper atmosphere. In addition, this technique may also permit the detection of the thickness of the temperature inversion layers as well as their temperature and density perturbations. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSBY, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Sharma, RD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSBY, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM ramesh.sharma@hanscom.af.mil NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 68 IS 8 BP 921 EP 929 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2005.10.001 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 047QO UT WOS:000237894000008 ER PT J AU O'Connell, RJ Agan, BK Anderson, SA Malia, JA Michael, NL AF O'Connell, RJ Agan, BK Anderson, SA Malia, JA Michael, NL TI Sensitivity of the multispot HIV-1/HIV-2 rapid test using samples from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-positive individuals with various levels of exposure to highly active antiretroviral therapy SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; ANTIBODY; SUBTYPES AB The Multispot HIV-1/HIV-2 rapid test detects human immumodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) gp41 antibodies, which can wane over time in some HIV-1-infected populations, resulting in false-negative screening results. Multispot sensitivity was 100% using 248 sera from one such population, and it correctly identified serostatus in individuals who previously tested false negative with rapid testing. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Triserv AIDS Clin Consortium, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP O'Connell, RJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM robert.oconnell@lackland.af.mil OI Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1831 EP 1833 DI 10.1128/JCM.44.5.1831-1833.2006 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 041YJ UT WOS:000237493000031 PM 16672414 ER PT J AU D'Yachkov, AG Macula, AJ Pogozelski, WK Renz, TE Rykov, VV Torney, DC AF D'Yachkov, AG Macula, AJ Pogozelski, WK Renz, TE Rykov, VV Torney, DC TI New t-gap insertion-deletion-like metrics for DNA hybridization thermodynamic modeling SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insertion-deletion; common subsequence; DNA hybridization; DNA code; nearest neighbor thermodynamics; stacked pairs; weighted sequences; t-gap block isomorphic subsequences ID CODES; DESIGN AB We discuss the concept of t-gap block isomorphic subsequences and use it to describe new abstract string metrics that are similar to the Levenshtein insertion-deletion metric. Some of the metrics that we define can be used to model a thermodynamic distance function on single-stranded DNA sequences. Our model captures a key aspect of the nearest neighbor thermodynamic model for hybridized DNA duplexes. One version of our metric gives the maximum number of stacked pairs of hydrogen bonded nucleotide base pairs that can be present in any secondary structure in a hybridized DNA duplex without pseudoknots. Thermodynamic distance functions are important components in the construction of DNA codes, and DNA codes are important components in biomolecular computing, nanotechnology, and other biotechnical applications that employ DNA hybridization assays. We show how our new distances can be calculated by using a dynamic programming method, and we derive a Varshamov-Gilbert-like lower bound on the size of some of codes using these distance functions as constraints. We also discuss software implementation of our DNA code design methods. C1 IFTC, AF Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Probabil Theory, Moscow 119899, Russia. SUNY Coll Geneseo, Dept Chem, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Math, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Macula, AJ (reprint author), IFTC, AF Res Lab, Rome Res Site, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM macula@geneseo.edu NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1066-5277 J9 J COMPUT BIOL JI J. Comput. Biol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 4 BP 866 EP 881 DI 10.1089/cmb.2006.13.866 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 055YT UT WOS:000238488000002 PM 16761916 ER PT J AU Adekore, BT Rakes, K Wang, B Callahan, MJ Pendurti, S Sitar, Z AF Adekore, B. T. Rakes, K. Wang, B. Callahan, M. J. Pendurti, S. Sitar, Z. TI Ammonothermal synthesis of aluminum nitride crystals on group III-nitride templates SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE ammonothermal; solution growth; solvus-thermal; group III nitrides; aluminum nitride; gallium nitride ID SUPERCRITICAL AMMONIA; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; HIGH-PURITY; GAN; GROWTH; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SOLUBILITY; NANOWIRES; AIN; ALN AB Polycrystalline aluminum nitride (AlN) crystals were synthesized using the ammonothermal technique at temperatures between 525 degrees C and 550 degrees C. The growth of AlN was conducted in alkaline conditions with potassium azide (KN3) as the mineralizer. The growth mechanism was found to be reverse-gradient soluble, necessitating the placement of the GaN and AlN seeds at a higher temperature than the aluminum metal source. Growth on the GaN seeds varied from 100 to 1500 mu m in thickness at a gestation period of 21 days. Additionally, scanning electron micrographs revealed varying microstructure ranging from pointed hexagonal rods, which are approximately 5 mu m wide and 20 mu m long, to highly densified and contiguous films. Formation of hexagonal AlN was verified using x-ray powder diffraction measurements. Oxygen was detected at 3.7 at.% by inert gas fusion analysis on AlN nucleated on the walls of the autoclave and a qualitative indication of unintentionally incorporated impurities in the AlN grown on the GaN seeds was obtained using energy-dispersive x-ray analysis. Photoluminescence spectroscopy conducted at 20 K revealed a deep-level emission at 3.755 eV due to unintentionally incorporated impurities. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01730 USA. Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Miami, FL 33172 USA. RP Adekore, BT (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM bainitic@mac.com NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 EI 1543-186X J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1104 EP 1111 DI 10.1007/BF02692573 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 047QF UT WOS:000237893100042 ER PT J AU VanderWeele, RA Schwartz, SA Beeson, TJ AF VanderWeele, RA Schwartz, SA Beeson, TJ TI Effect of blood contamination on retention characteristics of MTA when mixed with different liquids SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article DE blood contamination; MTA; perforation repair ID MINERAL TRIOXIDE AGGREGATE; END FILLING MATERIAL; ROOT PERFORATIONS; FURCATION PERFORATIONS; SEALING ABILITY; LONG-TERM; REPAIR; AMALGAM; TEETH; CAVIT AB Simulated furcation perforations were repaired with and without blood contamination utilizing tooth-colored mineral trioxide aggegrate (MTA) mixed with either MTA liquid (sterile water), lidocaine, or saline. Samples underwent Instron testing at either 24 or 72 hours and at 7 days. Data were analyzed using a 3-way ANOVA and post-hoc testing using Tukey's true test for significance. All of the 72-hour samples displayed significantly greater resistance to displacement than the 24-hour samples. All of the 7-day samples displayed significantly greater resistance to displacement than the 24-hour and 72-hour samples. Non-contaminated samples displayed significantly greater resistance to displacement than their blood-contaminated counterparts at 7 days. Non-contaminated samples mixed with sterile water, lidocaine, or saline performed similarly at all time periods. Allowing tooth-colored MTA to set undisturbed for 72 hours or longer prior to placement of a coronal restoration may decrease the chance of MTA displacement in furcation perforation repairs. C1 Dept Endodont, Lakenheath Air Base, England. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Endodont, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Endodont, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Beeson, TJ (reprint author), 59 Dent Squadron MRDN, 2450 Pepperrell St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM thomas.beeson@lackland.af.mil NR 31 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 32 IS 5 BP 421 EP 424 DI 10.1016/j.joen.2005.09.007 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 039SP UT WOS:000237327500007 PM 16631840 ER PT J AU Montellano, AM Schwartz, SA Beeson, TJ AF Montellano, AM Schwartz, SA Beeson, TJ TI Contamination of tooth-colored mineral trioxide aggregate used as a root-end filling material: A bacterial leakage study SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article DE bacterial leakage; contamination; mineral trioxide aggregate; MTA; periradicular surgery; root-end filling ID SEALING ABILITY; LONG-TERM; MTA; MICROLEAKAGE; MONKEYS; TISSUE AB This experiment investigated the ability of tooth-colored mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to maintain an apical seal in the presence of bacteria when contaminated with blood, saline or saliva. Ninety extracted human teeth with single canals were randomly placed into six groups of 15. Canals were prepared to size 50. The apical 3 mm of each root was removed and 3 mm root-end preparations were made with a #329 bur. Root-end preparations in groups 1 through 3 were filled with MTA after contamination with blood, saline, or saliva, respectively. In group 4, uncontaminated root-end preparations were filled with MTA. Groups 5 and 6 served as negative and positive controls. A tube/tooth assembly was utilized to suspend each root end in Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB). The access chambers were filled with Staphylococcus epidermidis. Positive growth over thirty days was demonstrated by turbidity of the TSB. Vitek analysis was used to confirm the presence of S, epidermidis in the positive samples. Data evaluation consisted of a chi(2) analysis (p < 0.05). Although all experimental groups demonstrated leakage, tooth-colored MTA contaminated with saliva (group 3) leaked significantly more than the uncontaminated tooth-colored MTA (group 4) (p = 0.028). C1 Dept Endodont, Barksdale AFB, LA 71110 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Endodont, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Endodont, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Montellano, AM (reprint author), Dept Endodont, 1067 Twining Blvd, Barksdale AFB, LA 71110 USA. EM angela.montellano@barksdale.af.mil NR 25 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 32 IS 5 BP 452 EP 455 DI 10.1016/j.joen.2005.07.001 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 039SP UT WOS:000237327500014 PM 16631847 ER PT J AU Mitsunaga, EM AF Mitsunaga, EM TI Cracking the code: A decode strategy for the International Business Machines punch cards of Korean War soldiers SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; forensic anthropology; forensic odontology; forensic computerization; Korean War; human identification; IBM; Electrical Accounting Machines (EAMs); punch cards; Central Identification Laboratory (CIL) AB During the Korean War, International Business Machines (IBM) punch cards were created for every individual involved in military combat. Each card contained all pertinent personal information about the individual and was utilized to keep track of all soldiers involved. However, at present, all of the information known about these punch cards reveals only their format and their significance; there is little to no information on how these cards were created or how to interpret the information contained without the aid of the computer system used during the war. Today, it is believed there is no one available to explain this computerized system, nor do the original computers exist. This decode strategy is the result of an attempt to decipher the information on these cards through the use of all available medical and dental records for each individual examined. By cross-referencing the relevant personal information with the known format of the cards, a basic guess-and-check method was utilized. After examining hundreds of IBM punch cards, however, it has become clear that the punch card method of recording information was not infallible. In some cases, there are gaps of information on cards where there are data recorded on personal records; in others, information is punched incorrectly onto the cards, perhaps as the result of a transcription error. Taken all together, it is clear that the information contained on each individual's card should be taken solely as another form of personal documentation. C1 Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. RP Mitsunaga, EM (reprint author), Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Hawaii 310 Worchester Ave, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. EM erin.mitsunaga@JPAC.PACOM.MIL NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 51 IS 3 BP 617 EP 623 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00110.x PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 040QM UT WOS:000237395500021 PM 16696710 ER PT J AU Purvis, KB Chandler, PR Pachter, M AF Purvis, Keith B. Chandler, Phillip R. Pachter, Meir TI Feasible flight paths for cooperative generation of a phantom radar track SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY AUG 16-19, 2004 CL Providence, RI SP AIAA AB Electronic attack on air defense radar networks by electronic combat air vehicles (ECAVs) is considered. The scope of the attack is the creation of a coherent phantom track in two dimensions-range and azimuth-by a team of cooperatively controlled ECAVs, each capable of intercepting and sending delayed returns of radar pulses. It is first shown that assuming constant speeds for the phantom track and ECAVs severely restricts where the ECAVs can fly. Accordingly, general dynamic and spatial limitations on an ECAV are developed given ranges on the ECAV speed, phantom track speed, and ECAV region of antenna operation; six dynamical systems are also constructed for simulating feasible ECAV trajectories to test the analytical limitations. This theory is applied to construct detailed flyable ranges for an ECAV generating a straight and a circular phantom track, separately. Based on distilling the results, generalized bounds are presented-independent of the phantom track type-for the initial conditions and time-dependent flyable ranges of a team of ECAVs. These bounds are then used with coordination functions to informally solve an illustrative decentralized cooperative control problem in which the ECAV team seeks an optimal straight phantom track to minimize their bounds-dependent aggregate cost. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mech & Environm Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VACA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Purvis, KB (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mech & Environm Engn, Engn 2 Bldg Room 2355, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 29 IS 3 BP 653 EP 661 DI 10.2514/1.15563 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 041WE UT WOS:000237486300017 ER PT J AU Garr, RJ Krasuski, RA Eckart, RE Wang, A Pierce, C Kisslo, KB Harrison, JK Bashore, TM AF Garr, RJ Krasuski, RA Eckart, RE Wang, A Pierce, C Kisslo, KB Harrison, JK Bashore, TM TI Peripheral blood levels of matrix metalloproteinases in patients referred for percutaneous balloon mitral valve commissurotomy SO JOURNAL OF HEART VALVE DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CALCIFIC AORTIC-STENOSIS; INCREASED PLASMA-LEVELS; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; TENASCIN-C; DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; ADHESION MOLECULES; VALVULAR LESIONS; CARDIAC VALVES; HEART-FAILURE AB Background and aim of the study: Inflammation may play a central role in the progression of stenotic valvular heart disease. Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), markers of extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover and potential markers of active inflammation, have been recently demonstrated in several inflammatory processes. The present study was designed to examine whether systemic evidence of ECM turnover was present in advanced stenotic mitral valve disease. Methods: Serum levels of MMP-1, -3 and -9 were measured in 114 patients with mitral stenosis referred for percutaneous balloon mitral valve commissurotomy, and compared to those in 48 healthy, age- and gender-matched controls. Results: Serum levels of MMP-1, -3 and -9 did not vary according to hemodynamic profile or heart failure class at the time of blood sampling. Levels of MMP-1 and -3 were not significantly different between those patients with mitral stenosis and controls. The level of MMP-9 was significantly higher in patients with mitral stenosis than in controls, and did not appear to be altered by commissurotomy. Conclusion: Serum levels of MMP-9 were elevated in patients with mitral stenosis, providing further evidence that inflammation and ECM remodeling plays an important role in the pathophysiology of valvular heart disease. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Krasuski, RA (reprint author), Cleveland Clin Fdn, Div Cardiovasc, Desk F15,9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. EM krasusr@ccf.org NR 41 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU I C R PUBLISHERS PI NORTHWOOD PA CRISPIN HOUSE, 12/A SOUTH APPROACH, MOOR PARK, NORTHWOOD HA6 2ET, ENGLAND SN 0966-8519 J9 J HEART VALVE DIS JI J. Heart Valve Dis. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 369 EP 374 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 044WK UT WOS:000237703900012 PM 16784074 ER PT J AU Baeslack, WA Jata, KV Lienert, TJ AF Baeslack, WA Jata, KV Lienert, TJ TI Structure, properties and fracture of friction stir welds in a high-temperature Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.7Si alloy (AA-8009) SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MATERIAL FLOW; PROCESS MODEL; VISUALIZATION; AL; MICROSTRUCTURES; ALUMINUM; METALS AB Friction stir welds produced in a rapidly-solidified, powder metallurgy Al-8.5Fe-1.3 V-1.7 Si (wt.%) alloy were characterized in order to investigate the effects of deformation during welding on the weld zone microstructure, hardness, tensile properties, and fracture behavior. A weld produced using a tool rotational speed of 1200 rpm and a traversing rate of 4.3 mm/s exhibited a repetitive pattern of dispersoid-depleted bands that were attributed to the intense deformation that occurred in the vicinity of the tool. The significant softening associated with these regions, and the presence of occasional, irregularly-shaped voids near the boundary between the base metal and the weld zone on the advancing side of the weld, promoted a weld tensile strength of 60-70% of the base metal. The application of a lower tool rotational speed of 428 rpm and a lower traversing rate of 1.9 mm/s promoted fewer bands and a more uniform dispersoid distribution throughout the weld zone, and an absence of defects along the weld zone/base metal interface. Tensile strength of these welds approached 90% of the base metal. Fracture of the transverse-weld oriented tensile specimens for both weld types consistently occurred near the boundary between the weld zone and the base metal on the advancing side of the weld zone, with tensile specimen ductilities appreciably lower than that of the base metal. (c) 2006 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. C1 Ohio State Univ, Coll Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Baeslack, WA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM baeslack.1@osu.edu NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 41 IS 10 BP 2939 EP 2951 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-5089-y PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 047CC UT WOS:000237856400023 ER PT J AU Kincaid, BL Powers, DB Childress, RW Schmitz, JP AF Kincaid, BL Powers, DB Childress, RW Schmitz, JP TI The use of endoscopy for management of bilateral sagittal split complications SO JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY LA English DT Article ID SUBCONDYLAR FRACTURES; RAMUS OSTEOTOMY; FIXATION; REPAIR C1 San Pedro Facial Surg, San Antonio, TX 78232 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Schmitz, JP (reprint author), San Pedro Facial Surg, 14500 San Pedro,Suite 102, San Antonio, TX 78232 USA. EM schmitzjp@hotmail.com NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0278-2391 J9 J ORAL MAXIL SURG JI J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 64 IS 5 BP 846 EP 850 DI 10.1016/j.joms.2006.01.014 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 040IT UT WOS:000237372900017 PM 16631496 ER PT J AU Gaitonde, DV AF Gaitonde, DV TI Magnetohydrodynamic energy-bypass procedure in a three-dimensional scramjet SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENCE-SCHEMES; TURBULENT; FLOWS AB A generic configuration is employed to explore the kinematic and dynamic structure of the flowfield in a Mach 8 scramJet with and without magnetohydrodynamic (MHD-) bypass. Particular emphasis is placed on describing the three-dimensional interaction between the fluid and the electromagnetic field in a given plasma environment. Faraday-type operation is considered with coarsely segmented electrodes in a generator and accelerator respectively mounted on either side of a constant-area isolator/combustor element. The numerical procedure adopts a robust high-resolution technique to solve the governing equations, which include the full three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations supplemented with electromagnetic source terms and a Poisson equation for consistency of the electric field with current continuity. Spatially variable combustion and plasma parameters are either specified or phenomenologically derived. Various three-dimensional features such as swept shock-wave boundary layer interactions have a profound impact on operation. Separated regions and vortical structures interface with the current, electric, and ponderomotive force fields to yield complex three-dimensional features that indicate that two-dimensional and inviscid analyses are inappropriate. The MHD generator shows the potential to efficiently slow down flow in the inlet, thus decreasing scramjet inlet length, and to reduce the total temperature of the flow. However, separation causes near-wall secondary eddy currents and local body force reversal, thus limiting the useful length of the generator. Accelerator operation is characterized by more prominent irreversibilities, especially near walls, where electric and body force field gradients are large. Trends in integrated pressure and. viscous and magnetic force are summarized. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Aeronaut Sci Div, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gaitonde, DV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Aeronaut Sci Div, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 498 EP 510 DI 10.2514/1.14633 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 045VN UT WOS:000237770900003 ER PT J AU Gaitonde, DV AF Gaitonde, DV TI Effect of Hall currents on simulated three-dimensional scramjet with magnetohydrodynamic bypass SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gaitonde, DV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 700 EP 703 DI 10.2514/1.14646 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 045VN UT WOS:000237770900029 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Haugan, T Kaduk, JA Young, RA Yang, Z Jang, MH Luong, M AF Wong-Ng, W Haugan, T Kaduk, JA Young, RA Yang, Z Jang, MH Luong, M TI Crystal chemistry and crystallography of the SrR2CuO5 (R = lanthanides) phases SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE crystal chemistry of SrR2CuO5 (R = lanthanides) ID BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; EFFECTIVE IONIC-RADII; CU-O; EQUILIBRIA; OXIDES; SYSTEM; DEPOSITION; FILMS; AIR AB The crystal chemistry and crystallography of the Compounds SrR2CuO5 (Sr-121, R = lanthanides) were investigated using the powder X-ray Rietveld refinement technique. Among the 11 compositions studied, only R = Dy and Ho formed the stable SrR2CuO5 phase. SrR2CuO5 was found to be isostructural with the "green phase". BaR2CuO5. The basic structure is orthorhombic with space group Pinna. The lattice parameters for SrDyCuO5 are a = 12.08080(6) angstrom, b = 5.60421(2) angstrom, c = 7.12971(3) angstrom, V = 482.705(4) angstrom(3), and Z = 8; and for the Ho analog are a = 12.03727(12)angstrom, b = 5.58947(7) angstrom, c = 7.10169(7) angstrom, V = 477.816(9) angstrom(3), and Z = 8. In the SrR2CuO5 structure, each R is surrounded by seven oxygen atoms, Forming a monocapped trigonal prism (RO7). The isolated CuO5 group forms it distorted square pyramid. Consecutive layers of prisms are stacked in the b-direction. Bond valence calculations imply that residual strain is largely responsible for the narrow stability of the SrR2CuO5 phases with R = Dy and Ho only. X-ray powder reference diffraction patterns for SrDy2CuO5 and SrHo2CuO5 were determined. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. BP Chem, Naperville, IL 60566 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, A256 MATLS,100 Bur Dr,Stop 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 179 IS 5 BP 1588 EP 1595 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2006.01.079 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 042LG UT WOS:000237528900044 ER PT J AU Pinter, DJ Merceret, FJ Hatley, CV AF Pinter, DJ Merceret, FJ Hatley, CV TI Performance validation of upgraded eastern range 50-megahertz Doppler radar wind profiler SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Protection of Materials and Structures from Space Environment (ICPMSE-7) CY 2004 CL Toronto, CANADA ID RESOLUTION C1 Raytheon Co, Comp Sci, Syst Anal, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, YAD Weather Off, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. ITT Ind, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. RP Pinter, DJ (reprint author), Raytheon Co, Comp Sci, Syst Anal, POB 4127, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 43 IS 3 BP 693 EP 695 DI 10.2514/1.19660 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 055SM UT WOS:000238470700034 ER PT J AU Rooney, AA Mattie, DR Dodd, DE AF Rooney, AA Mattie, DR Dodd, DE TI Introduction - Toxicology and Risk Assessment Conference 2005 SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Biosci & Protect Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Alion Sci & Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Rooney, AA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rooney.andrew@epa.gov; david.mattie@wpafb.af.mil; darol.dodd@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 69 IS 9 BP 771 EP 775 DI 10.1080/15287390600591330 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 038SJ UT WOS:000237243600001 ER PT J AU Prayson, MJ Chen, JL Hampers, D Vogt, M Fenwick, J Meredick, R AF Prayson, MJ Chen, JL Hampers, D Vogt, M Fenwick, J Meredick, R TI Baseline compartment pressure measurements in isolated lower extremity fractures without clinical compartment syndrome SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic-Trauma-Association CY 2004 CL Hollywood, FL SP Orthopaed Trauma Assoc DE compartment syndrome; diagnosis; fractures; muscular pressure ID TIBIAL FRACTURES; DIAGNOSIS; CATHETER AB Background. The diagnosis of compartment syndrome is most commonly made by clinical examination. Direct compartmental measurements generally serve an adjunctive role in establishing the diagnosis, except when patients have an alteration in mental status. There is little known on what are the expected baseline elevations in compartments after the simple occurrence of a fracture when clinical compartment syndrome does not exist. Knowledge of such measurements might influence the utility of pressure measurements in diagnosing compartment syndrome. Methods. A prospective analysis of compartment measurements was performed in 19 isolated lower extremity fractures with the opposite leg as the control. The patients had no clinical evidence of compartment syndrome, had no alteration in mental status, and underwent planned surgical treatment within 48 hours of injury. Results: Average compartment measurements were 35.5 +/- 13.6 mm Hg (range 10 to 62 mm Hg) in the injured leg versus 16.6 +/- 7.5 mm Hg (range 3 to 40 mm Hg) in the control leg (p = 0.0001). Eighteen patients (95%) had at least one compartment measurement that exceeded a single threshold of 30 mm Hg and 12 patients (63%) exceeded a threshold of 45 mm Hg. Eleven patients (58%) had at least one compartment reading within 20 mm Hg of their diastolic pressure and 16 patients (84%) had one within 30 nun Hg of their diastolic pressure. Ten patients (53%) had a reading within 40 mm Hg of their mean arterial pressure (delta P) and eight patients (42%) had a reading within 30 mm Hg of the mean arterial pressure. No patient developed sequelae or required surgery related to an unrecognized compartment syndrome during a minimum 1-year follow-up. Conclusions: Based on our data, use of direct compartment measurements with existing thresholds and formulations to determine the diagnosis of compartment syndrome may not accurately reflect a true existence of the syndrome. A search for other quantitative measures to more accurately reflect the presence of compartment syndrome is warranted. C1 Wright State Univ, Miami Valley Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Dayton, OH 45409 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Rheumatol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Sheppard AFB, Wichita Falls, TX USA. Akron Gen Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Akron, OH USA. RP Prayson, MJ (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Miami Valley Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 30 E Apple St,Suite 5250, Dayton, OH 45409 USA. EM mjprayson@mvh.org NR 16 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD MAY PY 2006 VL 60 IS 5 BP 1037 EP 1040 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000215444.05928.2f PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 044NB UT WOS:000237678100027 PM 16688067 ER PT J AU Eyink, KG Grazulis, L Pitz, JJ Shank, J Mahalingam, K AF Eyink, KG Grazulis, L Pitz, JJ Shank, J Mahalingam, K TI Strain relaxation in the growth of planar InAs SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy CY SEP 11-14, 2005 CL Univ California, Santa Barbara, CA HO Univ California ID BEAM EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; QUANTUM-DOT; MODE; GAAS(100); GAAS(001); LAYERS AB In this work, we look at the strain relaxation of,InAs growth on GaAs under metal rich conditions. InAs layers, grown under these conditions, have been found to maintain a planar morphology for thicknesses well beyond a Matthews-Blakeslee critical thickness of similar to 2 ML. We employed reflection high-energy electron diffraction, in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy to follow the InAs growth under In stabilized conditions. The critical thickness was found to increase with a reduction in growth temperature. A region of growth was seen in which three-dimensional diffraction was not visible in the reflection high energy electron diffraction pattern before annealing. For thicknesses less than the critical thickness observed by atomic force microscope, the planar morphology has been found to be stable with annealing. These results indicate that strain relaxation via the formation of Lomer-type dislocations is essential to stabilizing planar morphology during growth. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 AFRL, MLPS, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. SW Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. Univ Technol Corp Dayton, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Eyink, KG (reprint author), AFRL, MLPS, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kurt.eyink@wpafb.af.mil NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 1581 EP 1586 DI 10.1116/1.2201453 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 060GH UT WOS:000238790000095 ER PT J AU Maturo, S Brennan, J AF Maturo, S Brennan, J TI Baroreflex failure: A rare complication of carotid paraganglioma surgery SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article DE paraganglioma; glomus tumor; baroreflex failure; carotid sinus; carotid body AB Multiple head and neck paragangliomas are a rare occurrence. We report a patient with removal of bilateral carotid paragangliomas who subsequently developed baroreflex failure 1 month after surgery. The pathology and physiology of this presentation is extremely interesting because it exhibits the complex homeostatic mechanisms involved in the maintenance of steady-state blood pressure. Although rare, it is important to be aware of baroreflex failure and its variable course. Most postsurgical cases occur within days of surgery but, as this report demonstrates, hypertensive urgency can occur weeks to months after surgery; and if not recognized early, it can lead to disastrous postoperative complications such as stroke and myocardial infarction. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Maturo, S (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Stephen.Maturo@lackland.af.mil NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD MAY PY 2006 VL 116 IS 5 BP 829 EP 830 DI 10.1097/01.mlg.0000205130.92277.02 PG 2 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 040KB UT WOS:000237376300027 PM 16652097 ER PT J AU Goda, ME Linnenberger, AM Schmidt, JD Serati, SA AF Goda, ME Linnenberger, AM Schmidt, JD Serati, SA TI Spatial light modulators - Liquid-crystal SLMs benefit the study of atmospheric turbulence SO LASER FOCUS WORLD LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Boulder Nonlinear Syst, R&D, Lafayette, CO USA. Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Goda, ME (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM matthew.goda@afit.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO PI NASHUA PA 98 SPIT BROOK RD, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 USA SN 1043-8092 J9 LASER FOCUS WORLD JI Laser Focus World PD MAY PY 2006 VL 42 IS 5 BP 119 EP + PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 050IR UT WOS:000238081400038 ER PT J AU Vasquez, JR AF Vasquez, JR TI Preface - Optimization and control for military applications SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Inst Technol, ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vasquez, JR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENG, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM juan.vasquez@afit.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 43 IS 9-10 BP 965 EP 965 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2005.05.030 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 046MP UT WOS:000237816000001 ER PT J AU Williams, JL Maybeck, PS AF Williams, JL Maybeck, PS TI Cost-function-based hypothesis control techniques for multiple hypothesis tracking SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Gaussian mixture reduction; multiple hypothesis tracking ID FILTERS; IDENTIFICATION AB The problem of tracking targets in clutter naturally leads to a Gaussian mixture representation of the probability density function of the target state vector. Modem tracking methods maintain the mean, covariance and probability weight corresponding to each hypothesis, yet they rely on simple merging and pruning rules to control the growth of hypotheses. This paper proposes a structured, cost-function-based approach to the hypothesis control problem, utilizing the Integral Square Error (ISE) cost measure. A comparison of track life performance versus computational cost is made between the ISE-based filter and previously proposed approximations including simple pruning, Singer's n-scan memory filter, Salmond's joining filter, and Chen and Liu's Mixture Kalman Filter (MKF). The results demonstrate that the ISE-based mixture reduction algorithm provides mean track life which is significantly greater than that of the compared techniques using similar numbers of mixture components, and mean track life competitive with that of the compared algorithms for similar mean computation times. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Lab Informat & Decis Syst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Williams, JL (reprint author), MIT, Lab Informat & Decis Syst, 77 Massachusetts Ave,32-D572, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM jlwil@mit.edu; Peter.Maybeck@afit.edu NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 43 IS 9-10 BP 976 EP 989 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2005.05.022 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 046MP UT WOS:000237816000003 ER PT J AU Santarelli, S Yu, TL Goldberg, DE Altshuler, E O'Donnell, T Southall, H Mailloux, R AF Santarelli, Scott Yu, Tian-Li Goldberg, David E. Altshuler, Edward O'Donnell, Teresa Southall, Hugh Mailloux, Robert TI Military antenna design using simple and competent genetic algorithms SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE genetic algorithm (GA); optimization technique; evolutionary computation; competent genetic algorithm; hierarchical Bayesian optimization algorithm (hBOA) AB Over the past decade, the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Antenna Technology Branch at Hanscom AFB has employed the simple genetic algorithm (SGA) as an optimization tool for a wide variety of antenna applications. Over roughly the same period, researchers at the Illinois Genetic Algorithm Laboratory (IlliGAL) at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign have developed GA design theory and advanced GA techniques called competent genetic algorithms-GAs that solve hard problems quickly, reliably, and accurately. Recently, under the guidance and direction of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), the two laboratories have formed a collaboration, the common goal of which is to apply simple, competent, and hybrid GA techniques to challenging antenna problems. This paper is composed of two parts. The first part of this paper summarizes previous research conducted by AFRL at Hanscom for which SGAs were implemented to obtain acceptable solutions to several antenna problems. This research covers diverse areas of interest, including array pattern synthesis, antenna test-bed design, gain enhancement, electrically small single bent wire elements, and wideband antenna elements. The second part of this paper starts by briefly reviewing the design theory and design principles necessary for the invention and implementation of fast, scalable genetic algorithms. A particular procedure, the hierarchical Bayesian optimization algorithm (hBOA) is then briefly outlined, and the remainder of the paper describes collaborative efforts of AFRL and IlliGAL to solve more difficult antenna problems. In particular, recent results of using hBOA to optimize a novel, wideband overlapped subarray system to achieve -35 dB sidelobes over a 20% bandwidth. The problem was sufficiently difficult that acceptable solutions were not obtained using SGAs. The case study demonstrates the utility of using more advanced GA techniques to obtain acceptable solution quality as problem difficulty increases., (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Antenna Technol Branch,AFRL,SNHA, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Illinois, IlliGAL, Dept Gen Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Air Force Off, Arinc Incorporat, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. RP Santarelli, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Antenna Technol Branch,AFRL,SNHA, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM Scott.Santarelli@hanscom.af.mil; tianliyu@illigal.ge.uiuc.edu; deg@illigal.ge.uiuc.edu; Edward.Altshuler@hanscom.af.mil; Teresa.Odonnell.ctr@hanscom.af.mil; hsouthall@ll.mit.edu; Robert.Mailloux.ctr@hanscom.af.mil OI YU, TIAN-LI/0000-0002-0273-9330 NR 37 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 EI 1872-9479 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 43 IS 9-10 BP 990 EP 1022 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2005.05.024 PG 33 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 046MP UT WOS:000237816000004 ER PT J AU Ormsby, CD Raquet, JF Maybeck, PS AF Ormsby, CD Raquet, JF Maybeck, PS TI A new generalized residual multiple model adaptive estimator of parameters and states SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Kalman filtering; adaptive filters; Multiple Model Adaptive Estimation; estimation AB This article develops a modification to the standard Multiple Model Adaptive Estimator (MMAE) which allows the use of a new "generalized residual" in the hypothesis conditional probability calculation. The generalized residual is a linear combination of the traditional Kalman filter residual and the "post-fit" Kalman filter residual which is calculated after measurement incorporation. This new modified MMAE is termed a Generalized Residual Multiple Model Adaptive Estimator (GRMMAE). A derivation is provided for the hypothesis conditional probability formula which the GRMMAE uses to calculate probabilities that each elemental filter contains the correct parameter value. Through appropriate choice of a single scalar GRMMAE design parameter, the GRMMAE can be designed to be equivalent to a traditional MMAE, a post-fit residual modified MMAE, or any linear combination of the two. The original GRMMAE design goal was to choose the GRMMAE design parameter which caused the fastest GRMMAE convergence to the correct hypothesis. However, this article demonstrates that the GRMMAE design parameter can lead to beta-dommance, a negative performance effect in the GRMMAE. That fact is a key result of this research as other researchers have previously suggested that the use of post-fit residuals may be advantageous in certain MMAE applications. This article demonstrates the beta-dominance effect and recommends that post-fit residuals not be used in an MMAE. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, High Power Microwave Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ormsby, CD (reprint author), USAF, High Power Microwave Div, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM charles.ormsby@kirtland.af.mil; john.raquet@afit.edu; peter.maybeck@afit.edu NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 43 IS 9-10 BP 1092 EP 1113 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2005.12.003 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 046MP UT WOS:000237816000009 ER PT J AU Vasquez, JR Williams, JL AF Vasquez, JR Williams, JL TI Exploiting correlation effects within multiple-hypothesis tracking SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE multiple-hypothesis tracking (MHT); multiple-target tracking; Gaussian mixture reduction; integral square error; optimal filtering AB The need to track closely spaced targets in clutter is essential in support of military operations. This paper presents a Multiple/Hypothesis Tracking (MHT) algorithm which uses an efficient structure to represent the dependency which naturally arises between targets due to the joint observation process, and an Integral Square Error (ISE) mixture reduction algorithm for hypothesis control. The resulting algorithm, denoted as MHT with ISE Reduction (MISER), is tested against performance metrics including track life, coalescence and track swap. The results demonstrate track life performance similar to that of ISE-based methods in the single-target case, and a significant improvement in track swap metric due to the preservation of correlation between targets. The result that correlation reduces the track life performance for formation targets requires further investigation, although it appears to demonstrate that the inherent coupling of dynamics noises for such problems eliminates much of the benefit of representing correlation only due to the joint observation process. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Vasquez, JR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM juan.vasquez@afosr.af.mil; jlwil@mit.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 43 IS 9-10 BP 1254 EP 1266 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2005.05.033 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 046MP UT WOS:000237816000017 ER PT J AU Buse, GJ AF Buse, George J. TI Chest Pain Following Resistance Training SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Buse, George J.] Cannon USAF Clin, Cannon AFB, NM USA. EM george.buse@cannon.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP S159 EP S160 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KH UT WOS:000208070801095 ER PT J AU Muza, SR Fulco, CS Friedlander, A Zupan, M Rock, PB Beidleman, BA Jacobs, KA Staab, J Cymerman, A AF Muza, Stephen R. Fulco, Charles S. Friedlander, Anne Zupan, Mike Rock, Paul B. Beidleman, Beth A. Jacobs, Kevin A. Staab, Janet Cymerman, Allen TI Acute Mountain Sickness and SaO(2) in Moderate Altitude Versus Sea-level Residents Ascending to 4300 m SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Muza, Stephen R.; Fulco, Charles S.; Beidleman, Beth A.; Staab, Janet; Cymerman, Allen] Usariem, Natick, MA USA. [Friedlander, Anne] Palo Alto VA Hlth Care Syst, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Zupan, Mike] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Rock, Paul B.] Oklahoma State Univ, Tulsa, OK USA. [Jacobs, Kevin A.] Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM stephen.muza@us.army.mil NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP S526 EP S526 DI 10.1249/00005768-200605001-02196 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KH UT WOS:000208070803591 ER PT J AU Staab, JE Fulco, CS Muza, SR Zupan, M Rock, PB Beidleman, BA Friedlander, A Cymerman, A AF Staab, J. E. Fulco, C. S. Muza, S. R. Zupan, M. Rock, P. B. Beidleman, B. A. Friedlander, A. Cymerman, A. TI Exercise SAO(2) in the Early Hours of Exposure to 4300 M Altitude is Correlated with Subsequent Development of AMS SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Staab, J. E.; Fulco, C. S.; Muza, S. R.; Beidleman, B. A.; Cymerman, A.] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Zupan, M.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Rock, P. B.] Oaklahoma State Univ, Tulsa, OK USA. [Friedlander, A.] VA Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Palo Alto, CA USA. EM janet.staab@us.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP S526 EP S526 DI 10.1249/00005768-200605001-02197 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KH UT WOS:000208070803592 ER PT J AU Sinha, V Spowart, JE Mills, MJ Williams, JC AF Sinha, V Spowart, JE Mills, MJ Williams, JC TI Observations on the faceted initiation site in the dwell-fatigue tested Ti-6242 alloy: Crystallographic orientation and size effects SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-TITANIUM-ALLOY; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR; TIME AB A novel use of the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) characterization technique for study of fracture has been demonstrated. This new approach has been employed for characterization and analysis that contribute to the understanding of crack initiation in Ti-6242 under dwell-fatigue loading conditions. A faceted crack initiation site is typically observed on the dwell-fatigue fracture surface of Ti-6242. The level of microtexture has a major influence on the dwell-fatigue failures in near-a titanium alloys, such as Ti-6242. In this study, serial sectioning and EBSD techniques were used to obtain the orientation images of almost the entire specimen cross section at different depths below the fracture surface. The orientation images are color coded on three different bases: the angle between the loading axis and basal plane normal, the Schmid factor for prism slip, and the Schmid factor for basal slip. The aim was to determine the important aspects of the crystallographic orientation and the size of the microtextured region that is associated with the faceted initiation site. The results of this study are used to explain the possible locations of crack initiation in a test specimen under dwell-fatigue loading condition. These results are also used to better understand the role of size of microtextured regions in determining which crack will outgrow the other cracks (for the case of multiple cracking typically observed in the alloy of current study under the dwell-fatigue loading conditions) to become the dominant crack that leads to eventual specimen failure. This understanding has important practical implications because the dominant crack effectively determines the specimen life. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sinha, V (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM sinha.19@osu.edu NR 25 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 32 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 37A IS 5 BP 1507 EP 1518 DI 10.1007/s11661-006-0095-x PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 043RA UT WOS:000237617900015 ER PT J AU Fuller, J Hanley, K Schultz, R Lewis, M Freed, NE Ellis, M Ngauy, V Stoebner, R Ryan, M Russell, K AF Fuller, Julie Hanley, Keith Schultz, Robert Lewis, Michael Freed, Nikki E. Ellis, Michael Ngauy, Viseth Stoebner, Richard Ryan, Margaret Russell, Kevin TI Surveillance for febrile respiratory infections during Cobra Gold 2003 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Naval Environmental and Health Conference CY MAR 16-26, 2004 CL Chesapeake, VA ID SARS AB The Naval Health Research Center conducted laboratory-based surveillance for febrile respiratory infections at the 2003 Cobra Gold Exercise in Thailand. Seventeen individuals met the case definition for febrile respiratory illness, and diagnostic specimens were obtained from 16. Laboratory testing identified influenza A for 44%; sequence analysis demonstrated that these were Fujian-like influenza strains, which represented the predominant strain found globally in 2003/2004. Other pathogens identified included coronavirus OC43, respiratory syncytial virus, and rhinovirus. Logistical challenges were overcome as laboratory-supported febrile respiratory illness surveillance was conducted during a military training exercise. With heightened concern over the potential for another global influenza pandemic, such surveillance could prove critical for the detection of emerging influenza and respiratory pathogen strains with potential for importation to the United States. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. III Marine Expeditionary Force, FPO, AP 96606 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, FPO, AP 96546 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Fuller, J (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 171 IS 5 BP 357 EP 359 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 041ZR UT WOS:000237496800004 PM 16761881 ER PT J AU Estrada, RR AF Estrada, RR TI Are i-STAT results adversely affected by an artificial blood substitute in vivo? SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RESUSCITATION AB The purpose of this study was to determine whether i-STAT measurements on blood treated with hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier-201 (HBOC-201) would provide laboratory test results comparable to those achieved with a known reliable piece of equipment (Radiometer) for swine blood treated with HBOC-201. HBOC-201 is an artificial blood substitute solution being considered for use by medics in the field for the treatment of combat casualties. The i-STAT is a portable compact piece of laboratory equipment used for rapid assessment of blood samples under field conditions, instead of larger, hospital-based, laboratory equipment. Blood from pigs was obtained before and after administration of HBOC-201. The blood was tested with the i-STAT and the Radiometer. No drastic inaccuracy in test results with the i-STAT can be predicted for battlefield casualty care with potential HBOC-201 use, because laboratory results with the i-STAT and Radiometer were comparable with respect to blood testing after the administration of HBOC-201. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res Squadron 59, Lackland AFB, TX 78253 USA. RP Estrada, RR (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res Squadron 59, Lackland AFB, TX 78253 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 171 IS 5 BP 381 EP 388 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 041ZR UT WOS:000237496800010 PM 16761886 ER PT J AU Nelson, MS Robbins, AS Thornton, JA AF Nelson, MS Robbins, AS Thornton, JA TI An intervention to reduce excess body weight in adults with or at risk for type 2 diabetes SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; LIFE-STYLE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; NIDDM; MELLITUS; EDUCATION; THERAPY; IMPACT; DIET AB Overweight and obesity increase risk for type 2 diabetes, which, in turn, increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD); therefore, effective interventions to control body weight have the potential to prevent many cases of diabetes and CVD in the United States. However, few randomized controlled trials have shown that behavioral interventions can control body weight in persons with diabetes or at risk for diabetes. Therefore, the authors conducted a clinic-based randomized controlled trial, testing whether a comprehensive behavioral intervention could reduce weight, total cholesterol, and blood pressure (BP) in persons with two or more risk factors for diabetes and/or CVD. Approximately 50% of the participants had diabetes at baseline. Intervention participants had significantly greater reductions in weight and systolic BP than control participants, who received usual care. Among participants with nonelevated baseline values of total cholesterol and diastolic BP, intervention participants also had significantly greater reductions in these risk factors. C1 David Grand US AF Med Ctr, Clin Invest Facil, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. RP Nelson, MS (reprint author), David Grand US AF Med Ctr, Clin Invest Facil, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 171 IS 5 BP 409 EP 414 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 041ZR UT WOS:000237496800015 PM 16761891 ER PT J AU Buse, GJ Wood, RM AF Buse, GJ Wood, RM TI Safety profile of amateur kickboxing among military and civilian competitors SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Symposium of the Society-of-Air-Force-Clinical-Surgeons CY MAR 30-APR 03, 2003 CL San Antonio, TX SP Soc Air Force Clin Surg ID BOXING-RELATED INJURIES; UNITED-STATES-ARMY; HEAD-INJURY; CONCUSSION; SPORTS; BOXERS AB The purpose of this study was to identify match-ending injuries in amateur kickboxing (KB) among military and civilian competitors. A total of 148 competitors, of whom 5 were on active duty in the U.S. Air Force or Marine Corps, participated in amateur KB matches (N = 74) from 1999 to 2001. Match-ending injuries were observed and managed from ringside by one author (G.J.B.). Of all matches, 23 (31.1%) were stopped because of injury. Of the 23 matches, 15 (65.2%) ended because of traumatic brain injury, 4 (17.4%) because of orthopedic trauma, 3 (13.0%) because of thoracoabdominal trauma, and 1 (4.4%) because of ocular trauma. The incidence of traumatic brain injury was greater than that of all other match-ending injuries combined (p < 0.01). Because of the incidence and potentially serious sequelae of injuries associated with competitive KB, military commanders should exercise operational risk management in an attempt to safeguard personnel from unnecessary hazard. C1 Cannon USAF Clin, Dept Aerosp Med, Cannon AFB, NM 88103 USA. Keesler USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. RP Buse, GJ (reprint author), Cannon USAF Clin, Dept Aerosp Med, Cannon AFB, NM 88103 USA. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 171 IS 5 BP 443 EP 447 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 041ZR UT WOS:000237496800021 PM 16761897 ER PT J AU Govorov, AO Bryant, GW Zhang, W Skeini, T Lee, J Kotov, NA Slocik, JM Naik, RR AF Govorov, Alexander O. Bryant, Garnett W. Zhang, Wei Skeini, Timur Lee, Jaebeom Kotov, Nicholas A. Slocik, Joseph M. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Exciton-plasmon interaction and hybrid excitons in semiconductor-metal nanoparticle assemblies SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LUMINESCENCE; STATES AB We describe the physical properties of excitons in hybrid complexes composed of semiconductor and metal nanoparticles. The interaction between individual nanoparticles is revealed as an enhancement or suppression of emission. Enhanced emission comes from electric field amplified by the plasmon resonance, whereas emission suppression is a result of energy transfer from semiconductor to metal nanoparticles. The emission intensity and energy transfer rate depend strongly on the geometrical parameters of the superstructure and the physical and material properties of the nanoparticles. In particular, the emission enhancement effect appears for nanoparticles with relatively small quantum yield, and silver nanoparticles have stronger enhancement compared to gold ones. Using realistic models, we review and analyze available experimental data on energy transfer between nanoparticles. In hybrid superstructures conjugated with polymer linkers, optical emission is sensitive to environmental parameters such as, for example, temperature. This sensitivity comes from expansion or contraction of a linker. With increasing temperature, emission of polymer-conjugated complexes can decrease or increase depending on the organization of a superstructure. The structures described here have potential as sensors and actuators. C1 Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Proc & Metrol Grp, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn Biomed Engn & Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Govorov, AO (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM Govorov@ohiou.edu OI Kotov, Nicholas/0000-0002-6864-5804 NR 29 TC 322 Z9 324 U1 13 U2 173 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 6 IS 5 BP 984 EP 994 DI 10.1021/nl0602140 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 043HY UT WOS:000237592900020 ER PT J AU Foster, JA Holck, DEE Perry, JD Wulc, AE Burns, JA Cahill, KV Morgenstern, KE AF Foster, JA Holck, DEE Perry, JD Wulc, AE Burns, JA Cahill, KV Morgenstern, KE TI Fibrin sealant for Muller muscle-conjunctiva resection ptosis repair SO OPHTHALMIC PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the American-Society-of-Ophthalmic-Plastic-and-Reconstructive-Surgery CY NOV, 2003 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Soc Ophthalm Plast &Reconstruct Surg ID GLUE; BLEPHAROPTOSIS; SURGERY; FORNIX AB Purpose: To determine the safety and efficacy of fibrin sealant for use in Muller muscle-conjunctiva resection ptosis repair. Methods: This was a retrospective review of a consecutive case series. All patients underwent Muller muscle-conjunctiva resection ptosis repair with fibrin sealant used for wound closure. Surgery was performed in a manner similar to a previously described technique, using fibrin tissue sealant rather that suture for wound closure. Postoperative symmetry was defined as MRD1 of each eyelid within 0.5 mm. Results: Muller muscle-conjunctiva resection ptosis repair with fibrin sealant used for wound closure was performed on 53 eyelids of 33 patients. There were 27 female patients and 6 male patients. Twenty patients underwent bilateral ptosis repair and 13 patients underwent unilateral ptosis repair. Average follow-up was 17 weeks (range, 3 to 45 weeks). Mean preoperative MRD1 was 1.22 mm (range, -1.5 to 2.5 mm) in the right upper eyelid and 1.50 mm (range, 0 to 2 mm) in the left upper eyelid. Mean postoperative MRD1 was 3.11 mm (range, 2 to 4.5 mm) in the right upper eyelid and 3.12 mm (range, 1 to 4.5 mm) in the left upper eyelid. Postoperative symmetry was found in 32 of 33 patients (97%). We found no evidence of keratopathy or other complications attributable to the fibrin sealant. Conclusions: Muller muscle-conjunctiva resection ptosis repair with fibrin sealant used for wound closure may allow for predictable results with few complications and appears to be an acceptable alternative to traditional suture techniques. C1 Cleveland Clin Fdn, Div Ophthalmol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Wills Eye Hosp & Res Inst, Philadelphia, PA USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ Med Coll Virginia, Richmond, VA USA. RP Perry, JD (reprint author), Cleveland Clin Fdn, Div Ophthalmol, Desk 1-32, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. EM perryj1@ccf.org NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0740-9303 J9 OPHTHAL PLAST RECONS JI Ophthalmic Plast. Reconstr. Surg. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 184 EP 187 DI 10.1097/01.iop.0000217564.99308.b5 PG 4 WC Ophthalmology; Surgery SC Ophthalmology; Surgery GA 045WG UT WOS:000237772800007 PM 16714926 ER PT J AU Merkle, LD Dubinskii, M Schepler, KL Hegde, SM AF Merkle, LD Dubinskii, M Schepler, KL Hegde, SM TI Concentration quenching in fine-grained ceramic Nd : YAG SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-TRANSFER; LUMINESCENCE DECAY; EMISSION; SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFUSION; RESONANCE; LASER; IONS; PUMP AB We have studied the concentration dependent fluorescence decay kinetics of ceramic Nd:YAG, to resolve inconsistencies in the previous literature. Our data indicate that earlier reports of single exponential lifetimes even at Nd concentrations of a few percent were due to the effects of long-pulse excitation. Under short-pulse excitation the fluorescence decay is nonexponential for concentrations greater than about 1% atomic. Energy migration to sinks consisting of cross-relaxing Nd ions dominates at long times, whereas single-step energy transfer to randomly distributed quenching sites dominates at earlier times. The concentration dependence of this single-step transfer indicates direct cross-relaxation between individual ions at concentrations below 4% atomic, but resonant transfer to quenching sites consisting of Nd pairs at higher concentrations. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,SE,EO, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SNJW, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Merkle, LD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,SE,EO, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM lmerkle@arl.army.mil OI Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 NR 14 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 14 IS 9 BP 3893 EP 3905 DI 10.1364/OE.14.003893 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 039HI UT WOS:000237296200020 PM 19516536 ER PT J AU Dauer, E Salassa, J Luga, L Kasperbauer, J AF Dauer, E Salassa, J Luga, L Kasperbauer, J TI Endoscopic laser vs open approach for cricopharyngeal myotomy SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 108th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Otolaryngology-Head-and-Neck-Surgery CY SEP 19-22, 2004 CL New York, NY SP Amer Acad Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg ID INTERRATER RELIABILITY; DYSMOTILITY AB OBJECTIVE: To illustrate the safety and efficacy of the endoscopic laser approach for cricopharyngeal myotomy (CPM) compared to the traditional transcervical approach. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective chart review of 22 patients undergoing CPM from 1996 to 2003 at the Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville. RESULTS: The laser CPM technique was used in 14 patients, and an open approach in 8. The mean hospital stay and operative times were shorter for the laser group. Functional outcome analyses showed improvement in both groups. There were no major complications in the laser group, while 1 patient in the transcervical group had a pharyngocutaneous fistula. CONCLUSIONS: The laser technique is at least as effective as the transcervical approach for CPM to improve dysphagia symptoms in the properly selected patient, with a low risk of major complications. SIGNIFICANCE: In this report, we provide the reader with data to support the safety and efficacy of laser CPM. C1 Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Jacksonville, FL USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Rochester, MN USA. RP Dauer, E (reprint author), Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 1050 W Perimeter Rd, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. EM eileen.dauer@andrews.af.mil NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 134 IS 5 BP 830 EP 835 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2005.12.030 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 039ZH UT WOS:000237347200022 PM 16647543 ER PT J AU Patterson, R Geri, GA Dyre, BP Pierce, BJ Akhtar, SC Covas, CM Morgan, W AF Patterson, Robert Geri, George A. Dyre, Brian P. Pierce, Byron J. Akhtar, Shama C. Covas, Christine M. Morgan, William TI Active heading control in simulated flight based on vertically extended contours SO PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOTION PARALLAX; PERCEPTION; IMAGE; ROTATION; DEPTH; FLOW; INFORMATION; WALKING; OBJECTS; ACUITY AB In two experiments, we manipulated the properties of 3-D objects and terrain texture in order to investigate their effects on active heading control during simulated flight. Simulated crosswinds were used to introduce a rotational component into the retinal flow field that presumably provided the visual cues used for heading control. An active control task was used so that the results could be generalized to real-world applications such as flight simulation. In Experiment 1, we examined the effects of three types of terrain, each of which was presented with and without 3-D objects (trees), and found that the presence of 3-D objects was more important than terrain texture for precise heading control. In Experiment 2, we investigated the effects of varying the height and density of 3-D objects and found that increasing 3-D object density improved heading control, but that 3-D object height had only a small effect. On the basis of these results, we conclude that the vertical contours improved active heading control by enhancing the motion parallax information contained in the retinal flow. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Psychol, Program Neurosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Integrated Biotechnol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Link Simulat & Training, Mesa, AZ USA. Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ USA. Boeing Co, Mesa, AZ USA. Link Simulat & Training, Mesa, AZ USA. RP Patterson, R (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Psychol, Program Neurosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM rpatter@mail.wsa.edu NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PSYCHONOMIC SOC INC PI AUSTIN PA 1710 FORTVIEW RD, AUSTIN, TX 78704 USA SN 0031-5117 J9 PERCEPT PSYCHOPHYS JI Percept. Psychophys. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 68 IS 4 BP 593 EP 600 DI 10.3758/BF03208761 PG 8 WC Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 072KS UT WOS:000239672900006 PM 16933424 ER PT J AU Clark, BM Kotti, GH Shah, AD Conger, NG AF Clark, BM Kotti, GH Shah, AD Conger, NG TI Severe serum sickness reaction to oral and intramuscular penicillin SO PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Air Force Chapter Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Physicians CY MAR 07, 2005 CL Dayton, OH SP Amer Coll Phys DE serum sickness; glomerulonephritis; pulmonary infiltrates; benzathine penicillin AB Serum sickness is a type III hypersensitivity reaction mediated by immune complex deposition with subsequent complement activation, small-vessel vasculitis, and tissue inflammation. Although the overall incidence of serum sickness is declining because of decreased use of heterologous sera and improved vaccinations, rare sporadic cases of serum sickness from nonprotein drugs such as penicillins continue to occur. Drug-induced serum sickness is usually self-limited, with symptoms lasting only 1-2 weeks before resolving. We report an unusual case of a severe and prolonged serum sickness reaction that occurred after exposure to an intramuscular penicillin depot injection (probable relationship by Naranjo score) and discuss how pharmacokinetics may have played a role. Clinicians should be familiar with serum sickness reactions particularly as they relate to long-acting penicillin preparations. Accurate diagnosis in conjunction with cessation of drug exposure and prompt initiation of antiinflammatory treatment with corticosteroids can produce complete recovery. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Clark, BM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, 2200 Bergquist,Suite 1 MMII, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM brychan.clark@lackland.af.mil NR 9 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHARMACOTHERAPY PUBLICATIONS INC PI BOSTON PA NEW ENGLAND MEDICAL CENTER, 806, 750 WASHINGTON ST, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA SN 0277-0008 J9 PHARMACOTHERAPY JI Pharmacotherapy PD MAY PY 2006 VL 26 IS 5 BP 705 EP 708 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 038WW UT WOS:000237261200016 PM 16718943 ER PT J AU Haugan, HJ Szmulowicz, F Brown, GJ Ullrich, B Munshi, SR Grazulis, L Mahalingam, K Fenstermaker, ST AF Haugan, HJ Szmulowicz, F Brown, GJ Ullrich, B Munshi, SR Grazulis, L Mahalingam, K Fenstermaker, ST TI Pushing the envelope to the maximum: Short-period InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices for mid-infrared detectors SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Modulated Semiconductor Structures (MSS12) CY JUL 10-15, 2005 CL Albuquerque, NM DE molecular beam epitaxy; superlattices; antimonides; infrared detectors AB Using a newly developed envelope function approximation model that includes interface effects, several InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices (SL) for the 4 mu m (around 310 meV) detection threshold were designed. The model predicts that a given threshold can be obtained with progressively thinner SL periods and the thinner designs can have higher mobility and longer Auger lifetime over the thicker designs. The proposed SL structures were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. The band gaps of SLs determined by low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) remained constant PL peak energy around 340-320 meV with distinctively different designs in the period range from 50.2 to 21.2 angstrom. Correlation between SL material quality and the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the luminescence peak were made. In situ annealing after SL growth improved surface morphologies and the FWHM of the emission peak for the annealed SL samples were slightly narrower than those of non-annealed SLs. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Mat & Photochem Sci, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM heather.haugan@wpath.af.mil NR 10 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD MAY PY 2006 VL 32 IS 1-2 BP 289 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2005.12.072 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 046WQ UT WOS:000237842200075 ER PT J AU Ryu, MY Yeo, YK Zens, TW Marciniak, MA Hengehold, RL Steiner, T AF Ryu, MY Yeo, YK Zens, TW Marciniak, MA Hengehold, RL Steiner, T TI Electrical characterization of Si-ion implanted AlxGa1-xN annealed at lower temperatures SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nanoscale Magnetism (ICNM 2005) CY JUL 03-07, 2005 CL Gebze, TURKEY ID ACTIVATION EFFICIENCY; GAN AB Electrical activation studies of Si-implanted AlGa1-xN (x = 0.1 and 0.18) grown on sapphire substrate have been made as a function of anneal time, anneal temperature, and ion dose. Silicon implantation was done at room temperature with a dose ranging from 5 x 10(13) to 5 x 10(15) cm(-2) at 200 keV. The samples were proximity cap annealed from 1100 to 1250 degrees C for 5-40 min with a 500 angstrom-thick AlN cap in a nitrogen environment. The electrical activation efficiencies of 84% and 75% were obtained for the Al0.1Ga0.9N after annealing at 1200 degrees C for 40 min for a dose of 5 x 10(13) and 1 x 10(14) cm, respectively. For the Al0.18Ga0.82N, nearly 100% activation for a dose of 5 x 10(14) cm(-2) and 94% for a dose of 1 x 10(15) cm(-2) were achieved after annealing at 1250 degrees C and 1200 degrees C for 20 min, respectively. Both the activation efficiency and mobility increase with anneal time and anneal temperature, indicating an improved implantation damage recovery. The highest mobility obtained at room temperature is 89 cm/Vs for the Al0.1Ga0.9N samples having doses of 5 x 10(13) and 1 x 10(14) cm(-2) and annealed at either 1200 degrees C for 40 min or 1250 degrees C for 20 min. (c) 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Kangweon Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Chunchon 200701, South Korea. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Amer Syst Corp, Dumfries, VA 22026 USA. RP Yeo, YK (reprint author), Kangweon Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Chunchon 200701, South Korea. EM Yung.Yeo@afit.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0031-8965 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Mat. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 203 IS 7 BP 1650 EP 1653 DI 10.1002/pssa.200565194 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 049RQ UT WOS:000238034600027 ER PT J AU Cook, G Carns, JL Saleh, MA Evans, DR AF Cook, G Carns, JL Saleh, MA Evans, DR TI Anisotropy of nonlinear coupling of two counter-propagating waves in photorefractive Fe : KNbO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-NIOBATE; GRATINGS; KNBO3; CRYSTALS; TRANSMISSION; BATIO3; GAIN AB The dependence of self-pumped photorefractive two-beam coupling in Fe:KNbO3 with crystal angle has been measured at 532 nm for the a-c and b-c crystal planes using a combination of oil immersion and relay imaging. A significant deviation between existing theory and experiment is found for large crystal angles. We propose this is due to a highly anisotropic effective charge trap density in Fe:KNbO3 of almost two orders of magnitude variation with crystal angle in the a-c plane. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Evans, DR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dean.evans@wpafb.af.mil NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 17 AR 174102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.174102 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MC UT WOS:000237950200032 ER PT J AU Kuo, SP Bivolaru, D Williams, S Carter, CD AF Kuo, SP Bivolaru, D Williams, S Carter, CD TI A microwave-augmented plasma torch module SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; DECONTAMINATION; IGNITER AB A new plasma torch device which combines arc and microwave discharges to enhance the size and enthalpy of the plasma torch is described. A cylindrical-shaped plasma torch module is integrated into a tapered rectangular cavity to form a microwave adaptor at one end, which couples the microwave power injected into the cavity from the other end to the arc plasma generated by the torch module. A theoretical study of the microwave coupling from the cavity to the plasma torch, as the load, is presented. The numerical results indicate that the microwave power coupling efficiency exceeds 80%. Operational tests of the device indicate that the microwave power is coupled to the plasma torch and that the arc discharge power is increased. The addition of microwave energy enhances the height, volume and enthalpy of the plasma torch when the torch operates at a low airflow rate, and even when the flow speed is supersonic, a noticeable microwave effect on the plasma torch is observed. In addition, the present design allows the torch to be operated as both a fuel injector and igniter. Ignition of ethylene fuel injected through the centre of a tungsten carbide tube acting as the central electrode is demonstrated. C1 Polytech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kuo, SP (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 15 IS 2 BP 266 EP 275 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/15/2/012 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 053MS UT WOS:000238309800028 ER PT J AU Beall, DP Martin, HD Ly, JQ Campbell, SE Anderson, S Tannast, M AF Beall, Douglas P. Martin, Hal D. Ly, Justin Q. Campbell, Scot E. Anderson, Suzanne Tannast, Moritz TI Postoperative imaging of the hip SO RADIOLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACETABULAR LABRAL TEARS; RSNA REFRESHER COURSES; MR ARTHROGRAPHY; CORE DECOMPRESSION; FEMORAL-HEAD; INTRACAPSULAR FRACTURES; ORTHOPEDIC HARDWARE; AVASCULAR NECROSIS; CARTILAGE LESIONS; PROXIMAL FEMUR AB The number and type of operative procedures involving the hip continue to increase, placing a greater emphasis on characterizing patient postoperative condition accurately. Optimal postoperative imaging evaluation may involve multiple modalities, including conventional radiography, radionuclide scintigraphy, and cross-sectional imaging. Many of the surgical procedures involve the placement of metallic joint replacements or fixation that can make the imaging evaluation of the postoperative anatomy challenging. Clinical examination of patients combined with the type of procedure performed direct the appropriate imaging evaluation; adequate clinical knowledge of these procedures and how to optimally image them provide an opportunity to attain the most accurate evaluation possible. C1 Oklahoma Sports Sci & Orthopaed, Dept Radiol, Oklahoma City, OK 73118 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73101 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Hosp Bern, Dept Diagnost Intervent & Pediat, CH-3005 Bern, Switzerland. Univ Bern, Inselspital, Dept Orthopaed Surg, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland. RP Beall, DP (reprint author), Oklahoma Sports Sci & Orthopaed, Dept Radiol, 6205 N Santa Fe,Suite 200, Oklahoma City, OK 73118 USA. EM dpb@okss.com NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0033-8389 J9 RADIOL CLIN N AM JI Radiol. Clin. N. Am. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 44 IS 3 BP 343 EP + DI 10.1016/j.rcl.2006.01.003 PG 25 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 044VS UT WOS:000237701700004 PM 16644355 ER PT J AU Tolle, TB AF Tolle, TB TI President's message SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tolle, TB (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bensontolle@earthlink.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 036RH UT WOS:000237092200001 ER PT J AU Kramb, RC Antony, MM Semiatin, SL AF Kramb, RC Antony, MM Semiatin, SL TI Homogenization of a nickel-base superalloy ingot material SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE homogenization; dendritic solidification; diffusion; grain growth ID DENDRITIC MONO-CRYSTALS; MICROSEGREGATION; SOLIDIFICATION AB The kinetics of homogenization of cast-ingot material of a typical nickel-base superalloy, Waspaloy, were determined and compared to previous measurements for single crystals. The observed kinetics for the ingot material were approximately twice as fast as those for the single crystal, an effect attributable to concomitant grain growth and hence enhanced (pipe) diffusion along grain boundaries in the polycrystalline condition. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Chem Engn, Dayton, OH 45409 USA. ATI Allvac, Monroe, NC 28111 USA. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Lee.Semiatin@wpafb.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 7 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 54 IS 9 BP 1645 EP 1649 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.01.008 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 019VP UT WOS:000235865100019 ER PT J AU Maruyama, B Spowart, JE Hooper, DJ Mullens, HM Druma, AM Druma, C Alam, MK AF Maruyama, B Spowart, JE Hooper, DJ Mullens, HM Druma, AM Druma, C Alam, MK TI A new technique for obtaining three-dimensional structures in pitch-based carbon foams SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE carbon foams; serial sectioning; thermal and elastic finite element analyses; carbon and graphite; foams AB The three-dimensional (313) structure of carbon foams is difficult to infer from two-dimensional characterizations. In particular, regular models cannot capture the interaction between the pores in real materials with morphological dispersity. In this paper, the actual 3D structure of a pitch-based carbon foam is captured and used to build solid models for finite element analyses of thermal and mechanical properties. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL ML, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Ohio Univ, Ctr Adv Mat Proc, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Maruyama, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL ML, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Benji.Maruyama@wpafb.af.mil RI Maruyama, Benji/E-3634-2010 NR 20 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 54 IS 9 BP 1709 EP 1713 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.12.060 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 019VP UT WOS:000235865100030 ER PT J AU Luckarift, HR Dickerson, MB Sandhage, KH Spain, JC AF Luckarift, HR Dickerson, MB Sandhage, KH Spain, JC TI Rapid, room-temperature synthesis of antibacterial bionanocomposites of lysozyme with amorphous silica or titania SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE biomimetic synthesis; biomineralization; enzyme immobilization; lysozyme; nanomaterials ID BIOMIMETIC SILICA; IMMOBILIZATION; PEPTIDES; DIOXIDE; LYSIS C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Airbase Technol Div, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Spain, JC (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM jspain@ce.gatech.edu NR 28 TC 146 Z9 147 U1 5 U2 78 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1613-6810 J9 SMALL JI Small PD MAY PY 2006 VL 2 IS 5 BP 640 EP 643 DI 10.1002/smll.200500376 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 031HK UT WOS:000236695100009 PM 17193101 ER PT J AU Huang, JQ Goltz, MN AF Huang, JQ Goltz, MN TI Analytical solutions for solute transport in a spherically symmetric divergent flow field SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article DE subsurface transport; spherically symmetric flow; analytical solution ID LAPLACE TRANSFORM SOLUTION; RADIAL DISPERSION; NUMERICAL INVERSION; INJECTION WELL; POROUS-MEDIA; BOUNDARY AB Exact analytical solutions for an equation describing advection, dispersion, first-order decay, and rate-limited sorption of a solute in a steady, hemispherical or spherically symmetric, divergent flow field are presented for constant concentration and constant flux boundary conditions in a porous medium. The partial differential equation describing transport is a confluent hypergeometric equation that may be solved with variable substitution and Laplace transform, and the solutions are expressed by parabolic cylindrical functions. The novel solutions derived here may be applied to predict concentration distributions in space and time for porous media transport in a spherically symmetric flow field or for the special case where injection is just below a confining layer (hemispherical flow). The analytical solutions can be used to simulate wastewater injection from short-screened wells into thick formations or to analyze tracer tests that use short-screened wells to create approximately spherical flow fields in thick formations. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Goltz, MN (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Mark.Goltz@afit.edu RI Goltz, Mark/A-7394-2009; OI Goltz, Mark/0000-0003-3601-6453 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0169-3913 J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED JI Transp. Porous Media PD MAY PY 2006 VL 63 IS 2 BP 305 EP 321 DI 10.1007/s11242-005-6761-4 PG 17 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 028UY UT WOS:000236515500004 ER PT J AU Sherali, HD Staats, RW Trani, AA AF Sherali, HD Staats, RW Trani, AA TI An airspace-planning and collaborative decision-making model: Part II - Cost model, data considerations, and computations SO TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE air traffic management; national airspace; aircraft conflict resolution; sector workload measures; airline equity; mixed-integer programming; valid inequalities ID EQUITY CONSIDERATIONS; WORKLOAD AB In Part I of this paper, we presented a large-scale airspace-planning and collaborative decision-making (APCDM) model that is part of a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)-sponsored effort to enhance the management of the National Airspace System (NAS). Given a set of flights that must be scheduled during some planning horizon, along with alternative surrogate trajectories for each flight, we developed a mixed-integer programming model to select a set of flight plans from among these alternatives, subject to flight safety, air-traffic control workload, and airline equity considerations. The present paper offers insights related to, and a detailed description of, implementing this APCDM model, including the development of a comprehensive cost model, a study for prescribing a set of appropriate parameter values for the overall model, and an investigation on incorporating a suitable set of valid inequalities in the model formulation. Computational results are presented based on several test cases derived from the Enhanced Traffic Management System (ETMS) data provided by the FAA. The results indicate that under plausible probabilistic trajectory error assumptions and with the incorporation of star subgraph convex hull-based valid inequalities, the model offers a viable tool that can be used by the FAA for both tactical and strategic applications. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Grado Dept Ind & Syst Engn 0118, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Charles Edward Via Jr Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Sherali, HD (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Grado Dept Ind & Syst Engn 0118, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM hanifs@vt.edu; raymond.staats@afit.edu; vuela@vt.edu NR 18 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0041-1655 J9 TRANSPORT SCI JI Transp. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 40 IS 2 BP 147 EP 164 DI 10.1287/trsc.1050.0141 PG 18 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Operations Research & Management Science; Transportation GA 043DV UT WOS:000237580700002 ER PT J AU Howard, TA Webb, DF Tappin, SJ Mizuno, DR Johnston, JC AF Howard, TA Webb, DF Tappin, SJ Mizuno, DR Johnston, JC TI Tracking halo coronal mass ejections from 0-1 AU and space weather forecasting using the Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; MAGNETIC STORMS; DISTURBANCES; LASCO; WIND; SUN AB The Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) has been tracking coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from the Sun to the Earth and beyond since it came online in February 2003. This paper presents some results from the first 19 months of data from SMEI, when over 140 transients of many kinds were observed in SMEI's all-sky cameras. We focus specifically on 20 earthward directed transients, and compare distance-time plots obtained from the SMEI transients with those observed in halo CMEs by Large-Angle Spectrometric Coronograph (LASCO) aboard Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), and the arrival time of the shock observed by ACE at 0.99 AU. The geometry of one particular transient is compared using both LASCO and SMEI images in a first attempt to investigate geometry evolution as the transient propagates through the interplanetary medium. For some events, the halo CME, SMEI transient, and shock at 0.99 AU do not match, suggesting that some transients may not correspond to a halo CME. Finally, an evaluation of the potential of SMEI to be used as a predictor of space weather is presented, by comparing the transients observed in SMEI with the 22 geomagnetic storms which occurred during this timeframe. A transient was observed in 14 cases, and distance-time profiles would have allowed a prediction of the arrival time at ACE within 2 hours of its actual arrival for three events, and within 10 hours for eight events. Of these eight events, seven were detected by SMEI more than 1 day before the transient's arrival at the Earth. C1 Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Boston Coll, ISR, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. USAF, Space Weather Ctr Excellence, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Howard, TA (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM thoward@mithra.physics.montana.edu NR 34 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 29 PY 2006 VL 111 IS A4 AR A04105 DI 10.1029/2005JA011349 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 040XF UT WOS:000237413600004 ER PT J AU Gentile, LC Burke, WJ Rich, FJ AF Gentile, LC Burke, WJ Rich, FJ TI A climatology of equatorial plasma bubbles from DMSP 1989-2004 SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY; TOPSIDE IONOSPHERE; SCINTILLATIONS AB After examining evening sector plasma density measurements from polar-orbiting Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft for 1989-2004, we have established a statistical database of more than 14,400 equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) observations. EPBs are irregular plasma density depletions in the postsunset ionosphere that degrade communication and navigation signals. In general, the DMSP observations support Tsunoda's (1985) hypothesis that EPB rates peak when the terminator is aligned with the Earth's magnetic field, but unpredicted offsets are also evident in many longitude sectors. Plots of EPB rates for solar cycle phases: maximum 1989-1992 and 1999-2002, minimum 1994-1997, and transition years 1993, 1998, and 2003 reveal significant differences in the climatologies for solar maximum and minimum, between the two solar maxima, and in the transition years. To assess local time effects on EPB rates, we also compare observations from F12, F14, F15, and F16 at slightly different postsunset local times for 2000-2004. This study was undertaken to facilitate improvements in ionospheric models in preparation for the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) mission. C1 Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Gentile, LC (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. EM louise.gentile@hanscom.af.mil NR 16 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD APR 29 PY 2006 VL 41 IS 5 AR RS5S21 DI 10.1029/2005RS003340 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 040XK UT WOS:000237414100001 ER PT J AU Savona, MR Dela Cruz, WP Jones, MS Thornton, JA Xia, DX Hadfield, TL Danaher, PJ AF Savona, MR Dela Cruz, WP Jones, MS Thornton, JA Xia, DX Hadfield, TL Danaher, PJ TI Detection of vaccinia DNA in the blood following smallpox vaccination SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID CHILDREN; VIRUS C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. David Grant US AF Med Ctr, Clin Invest Facil, Travis AFB, CA USA. Commonwealth Virginia, Norfolk Publ Hlth Lab, Norfolk, VA USA. Midwest Res Inst, Palm Bay, FL USA. David Grant US AF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Travis AFB, CA USA. RP Savona, MR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM msavona@med.umich.edu NR 5 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 26 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 16 BP 1898 EP 1900 DI 10.1001/jama.295.16.1898 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 036GI UT WOS:000237059200020 PM 16639047 ER PT J AU Hagen, JA Li, W Steckl, J Grote, JG AF Hagen, JA Li, W Steckl, J Grote, JG TI Enhanced emission efficiency in organic light-emitting diodes using deoxyribonucleic acid complex as an electron blocking layer SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DNA-MOLECULES; LIPID COMPLEX; CONDUCTIVITY; DEVICES; PROBE AB Enhanced electroluminescent efficiency using a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) complex as an electron blocking (EB) material has been demonstrated in both green- and blue-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The resulting so-called BioLEDs showed a maximum luminous efficiency of 8.2 and 0.8 cd/A, respectively. The DNA-based BioLEDs were as much as 10x more efficient and 30x brighter than their OLED counterparts. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Nanoelect Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45324 USA. RP Steckl, J (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Nanoelect Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM a.steckl@uc.edu OI Steckl, Andrew/0000-0002-1868-4442 NR 16 TC 197 Z9 201 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 24 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 17 AR 171109 DI 10.1063/1.2197973 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 037HB UT WOS:000237136600009 ER PT J AU Haji-Saeed, B Kolluru, R Pyburn, D Leon, R Sengupta, SK Testorf, M Goodhue, W Khoury, J Drehman, A Woods, CL Kierstead, J AF Haji-Saeed, B Kolluru, R Pyburn, D Leon, R Sengupta, SK Testorf, M Goodhue, W Khoury, J Drehman, A Woods, CL Kierstead, J TI Photoconductive optically driven deformable membrane for spatial light modulator applications utilizing GaAs substrates SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB The fabrication and characterization of an optically addressable deformable mirror for a spatial light modulator is described. Device operation utilizes an electrostatically driven pixellated aluminized polymeric membrane mirror supported above an optically controlled photoconductive GaAs substrate. A 5 mu m thick grid of patterned photoresist supports the 2 mu m thick aluminized Mylar membrane. A conductive ZnO layer is placed on the back side of the GaAs wafer. A standard Michelson interferometer is used to measure mirror deformation data as a function of illumination, applied voltage, and frequency. A simplified analysis of device operation is also presented. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom Air FB, MA 01731 USA. Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. RP Haji-Saeed, B (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM jed.khoury@hanscom.af.mil NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 20 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 12 BP 2615 EP 2622 DI 10.1364/AO.45.002615 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 039HO UT WOS:000237296800008 PM 16633410 ER PT J AU Scanlon, LG Balbuena, PB Zhang, Y Sandi, G Back, CK Feld, WA Mack, J Rottmayer, MA Riepenhoffl, JL AF Scanlon, LG Balbuena, PB Zhang, Y Sandi, G Back, CK Feld, WA Mack, J Rottmayer, MA Riepenhoffl, JL TI Investigation of corannulene for molecular hydrogen storage via computational chemistry and experimentation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; PATH-INTEGRAL SIMULATIONS; ADSORPTION; GRAPHITE AB Molecular simulations for hydrogen physisorption with corannulene molecules arranged according to their crystal structure result in good agreement with the weight-percent hydrogen stored as determined experimentally employing a 3-g sample of highly crystalline corannulene at ambient temperatures and 72 bar of pressure. Calculated enthalpies of adsorption for corannulene/hydrogen molecular systems obtained from ab initio calculations which take into account electron correlation via second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory are in good agreement with literature experimental enthalpies of adsorption for activated carbons interacting with molecular hydrogen. Ab initio results also show that corannulene molecules arranged in a sandwich structure are important for approximately doubling the binding energy of corannulene interacting with molecular hydrogen through a cooperative interaction. To test the effects of finite temperatures and pressures, stack arrays were used as input for molecular dynamics simulations and indicate that physisorption mechanisms including van der Waals forces and dipole-induced dipole interactions may yield enhanced adsorption capacity in relation to other carbon-based materials. These results will be instrumental in identifying interlayer separations of an array of corannulene or related molecules that may provide a high weight percent of physisorbed hydrogen. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Electrochem & Thermal Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. IIT, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Scanlon, LG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Electrochem & Thermal Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lawrence.scanlon@wpafb.af.mil; balbuena@tamu.edu NR 25 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 20 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 15 BP 7688 EP 7694 DI 10.1021/jp0574403 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 035HR UT WOS:000236992100016 PM 16610862 ER PT J AU Zhang, YD Lee, SH Yoonessi, M Liang, KW Pittman, CU AF Zhang, YD Lee, SH Yoonessi, M Liang, KW Pittman, CU TI Phenolic resin-trisilanolphenyl polyhedral oligorneric silsesquioxane (POSS) hybrid nanocomposites: Structure and properties SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS); organic-inorganic hybrids nanocomposites; structure and properties ID OLIGOMERIC SILSESQUIOXANE; THERMOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; COPOLYMERS; CRYSTALLIZATION; MORPHOLOGY; STYRYL AB The structure and properties of organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposites prepared from a resole phenolic resin and a POSS mixture containing > 95 wt% trisitanolphenyl POSS was investigated by POM (polarized optical microscopy), SEM, TEM, WAXD, FT-JR, DSC, and TGA techniques. Composites with 1.0-10.4 wt% of POSS were prepared by dissolving the POSS and the phenolic resin into THF, followed by solvent removal and curing. Both nano- and micro-sized POSS filler aggregates and particles were shown to be heterogeneously dispersed in the cured matrix by POM, TEM, SEM, and X-EDS. POSS was found everywhere, including in both dispersed phase domains and in the matrix. The nanocomposite morphology appears to form by a multi-step POSS aggregation during the process of phase separation. Both the matrix and dispersed 'particulate' phase domains are mixtures of phenolic resin and POSS. POSS micro-crystals act as the core of the dispersed phase. The bigger dispersed domains consist of smaller particles or aggregates of POSS molecules that exhibit some order but regions of matrix resin are interspersed. A WAXD peak at 2 theta similar to 7.3 degrees indicates crystalline order in the POSS aggregates. This characteristic peak's intensity increases with an increase in POSS loading, suggesting that more POSS molecules have aggregated or crystallized. FT-IR spectra confirm that hydrogen bonding exists between the phenolic resin and POSS Si-OH groups. This increases their mutual compatibility, but H-bonding does not prevent POSS aggregation and phase separation during curing. TGA measurements in air confirmed the temperature for 5% mass loss in increases with increase of POSS loading and at T > 550 degrees the thermal stability increases more sharply with POSS loading. The nanocomposite glass transition temperatures (T-g) are only slightly be affected by the POSS filler. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Chem, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dave C Swalm Sch Chem Engn, Mississippi State, MS USA. AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pittman, CU (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Chem, POB 9573, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM cpittman@chemistry.msstate.edu NR 26 TC 111 Z9 115 U1 2 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD APR 19 PY 2006 VL 47 IS 9 BP 2984 EP 2996 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.03.005 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 045WO UT WOS:000237773600008 ER PT J AU Baek, JB Tan, LS AF Baek, JB Tan, LS TI Hyperbranched poly(phenylquinoxaline-ether-ketone) synthesis in poly(phosphoric acid)/P2O5 medium: Optimization and some interesting observations SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID POLY(ARYL ETHER PHENYLQUINOXALINES); POLYMERIZABLE QUINOXALINE MONOMERS; MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; MAIN-CHAIN; POLYPHOSPHORIC ACID/P2O5; AROMATIC POLYAMIDES; ACID; UNITS; NANOFIBERS; RINGS AB A new self-polymerizable AB(2) monomer, 2,3-bis(4-phenoxyphenyl)quinoxaline-6-carboxylic acid, was synthesized from the double condensation reaction of 4,4'-diphenoxybenzil and 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid. It was polymerized to afford the corresponding hyperbranched poly(phenylquinoxaline) (PPQ) via a diaryl ketone formation from the Friedel-Crafts reaction of the carboxylic acid group (A) and the phenoxy ring (B) in polyphosphoric acid (PPA)/P2O5 medium. The polymerization was conducted at (i) 130 and 160 degrees C and (ii) with and without additional amounts of P2O5 and monitored by analyzing the polymerization mixture sampled at certain reaction temperature and time inter-vats with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and gel-permeation chromatography (GPC). Both FT-IR and GPC results corroborated our previously established optimal conditions: (i) PPA:P2O5 ratio of 4:1 and (ii) efficient polymerization temperature similar to 130 degrees C. Furthermore, the series of 10 aliquots taken from the mixture prepared under the optimal conditions, precipitated into water, and stored in the vials for a month showed visually a consistent trend and a transition in the polymer densities and collectively allowed the visualization of a changeover in the macromolecular architecture from a "fanlike" conformation at the early stage of polymerization to a denser, globular conformation at higher molecular weights. The resultant hyperbranched PPQ was thermally stable with 5% weight loss at temperatures over 500 degrees C in both air and helium atmospheres. It showed UV absorption maxima at 365-370 mn and emission maxima at 433446 nm. The subsequent chain-end functionality conversion for the parent hyperbranched polymer could be performed in either a one-pot fashion or a two-staged process. Finally, some anomalous dilute-solution behavior (negative or "inverse" polyelectrolyte effect) was observed for the chain-end-modified hyperbranched polymers that appeared to be significantly influenced by the nature of solvents (acidic vs basic) and chain-end groups (polarity). C1 USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate,MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. RP Baek, JB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate,MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jbbaek@chungbuk.ac.kr; loon-seng.tan@wpafb.af.mil RI Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 54 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD APR 18 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 8 BP 2794 EP 2803 DI 10.1021/ma0526589 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 035JE UT WOS:000236996200013 ER PT J AU Eyink, KG Tomich, DH Pitz, JJ Grazulis, L Mahalingam, K Shank, JM AF Eyink, KG Tomich, DH Pitz, JJ Grazulis, L Mahalingam, K Shank, JM TI Self-assembly of heterojunction quantum dots SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RHEED PATTERNS; MU-M; GROWTH AB The fabrication of a self-assembled heterojunction quantum dot structure composed of multiple materials is reported. This structure consists of a composite dot formed of an initial core of one material which results from normal self-assembly, followed by the epitaxy of a crown composed of a similarly strained material. Finally the entire dot structure is capped with a barrier material closely lattice matched to the substrate. In this demonstration, self-assembled InAs quantum dots were first formed on a GaAs substrate and subsequently crowned with GaSb. The entire structure was encapsulated with a GaAs cap layer. Atomic force microscopy shows that additional nucleation between the InAs layers has been minimized and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy shows the formation of the composite structure. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLPS Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. SW Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. RP Eyink, KG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLPS Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kurt.eyink@wpafb.af.mil NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 17 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 16 AR 163113 DI 10.1063/1.2197930 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 034ZL UT WOS:000236969300096 ER PT J AU Weyburne, DW AF Weyburne, DW TI A mathematical description of the fluid boundary layer SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE velocity boundary layer; thermal boundary layer; boundary layer thickness AB A method is developed for describing the fluid boundary layer formed adjacent to a solid due to fluid flow. The method is based on the observation that for laminar flow over a flat plate, the second derivatives of the velocity and temperature in the direction normal to the plate have a Gaussian-like profile. Borrowing from probability distribution function methodology, we describe the boundary layer in terms of the moments of these Gaussian-like kernels. The most important result is a physically meaningful measure of the boundary layer thickness. Several other new parameters are also developed which taken together allows one to describe the behavior of the velocity and temperature profiles in the boundary layer region in a much more comprehensive manner that is currently available. Laminar flow past a heated flat plate is used to demonstrate the method. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, AFRL, SNHX, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Weyburne, DW (reprint author), USAF, AFRL, SNHX, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM David.Weyburne@hanscom.af.mil NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 175 IS 2 BP 1675 EP 1684 DI 10.1016/j.amc.2005.09.012 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 042ZB UT WOS:000237568000055 ER PT J AU Delcomyn, CA Bushway, KE Henley, MV AF Delcomyn, CA Bushway, KE Henley, MV TI Inactivation of biological agents using neutral oxone-chloride solutions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SITU-GENERATED DIMETHYLDIOXIRANE; CHLORATE ION; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; DRINKING-WATER; HYPOCHLORITE; SPORES AB Bleach solutions containing the active ingredient hypochlorite (OCl-) serve as powerful biological disinfectants but are highly caustic and present a significant compatibility issue when applied to contaminated equipment or terrain. A neutral, bicarbonate-buffered aqueous solution of Oxone (2K(2)HSO(5)(.)KHSO(4)(.)K(2)SO(4)) and sodium chloride that rapidly generates hypochlorite and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in situ was evaluated as a new alternative to bleach for the inactivation of biological agents. The solution produced a free chlorine (HOCl + OCl-) concentration of 3.3 g/L and achieved 5.8-log inactivation of spores of Bacillus atrophaeus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Aspergillus niger, and Escherichia coli vegetative cells in 1 min at 22 degrees C. Seawater was an effective substitute for solid sodium chloride and inactivated 5 to 8 logs of each organism in 10 min over temperatures ranging from -5 degrees C to 55 degrees C. Sporicidal effectiveness increased as free chlorine concentrations shifted from OCl- to HOCl. Neutrally buffered Oxone-chloride and Oxone-seawater solutions are mitigation alternatives for biologically contaminated equipment and environments that would otherwise be decontaminated using caustic bleach solutions. C1 Appl Res Associates Inc, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Delcomyn, CA (reprint author), Appl Res Associates Inc, 139 Barnes Dr, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM carrie.delcomyn.ctr@tyndall.af.mil NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 8 BP 2759 EP 2764 DI 10.1021/es052146+ PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 035HX UT WOS:000236992700043 PM 16683620 ER PT J AU Turgut, Z Attenweiler, T Huang, MQ Horwath, JC Fingers, RT AF Turgut, Z Attenweiler, T Huang, MQ Horwath, JC Fingers, RT TI Soft magnetic powder-core composites of Fe90Zr7B3 and Fe49Co21Al5Ga2P9.65C5.75B4.6Si3 alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FREQUENCY APPLICATIONS AB Amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys in ribbon form exhibit excellent soft magnetic properties, but their forms are limited to tape wound cores. Complex shapes require the implementation of a powder metallurgical approach resulting in reduced permeabilities. The present study investigates Fe-based Fe90Zr7B3 (C1) and Fe49Co21Al5Ga2P9.65C5.75B4.6Si3 (C2) melt-spun ribbons as precursors for compacted powder cores. Single-roller melt spinning of C1 produced partially crystallized structures while C2 resulted in amorphous ribbons. Annealing studies were carried out based on the crystallization temperatures of various phases extracted from M(T) measurements. In ribbon form and under optimum annealing conditions, C1 revealed a 1.88 T saturation flux density (B-s) and 44 A/m coercivity (H-c), while C2 exhibited a B-s of 0.78 T and H-c of 2.4 A/m. (C) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Turgut, Z (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM zafer.turgut@wpafb.af.mil NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 8 AR 08F103 DI 10.1063/1.2164413 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 040TV UT WOS:000237404200290 ER PT J AU Zhdanov, BV Ehrenreich, T Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, BV Ehrenreich, T Knize, RJ TI Highly efficient optically pumped cesium vapor laser SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE alkali lasers; optically pumped lasers ID CS AB We have demonstrated an optically pumped continuous wave Cs vapor laser with an input power to output power slope efficiency of 81%. The laser power was 0.35 W for an input power of 0.57 W, yielding an overall optical efficiency of 63%. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2 A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boris.zhdanov@usafa.af.mil NR 12 TC 84 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 260 IS 2 BP 696 EP 698 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2005.11.042 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 029WJ UT WOS:000236594800054 ER PT J AU Knipp, DJ Lanzerotti, L AF Knipp, DJ Lanzerotti, L TI The important role of data centers in space climate and weather SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Knipp, DJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 4 IS 4 AR SW000233 DI 10.1029/2006SW000233 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 033NN UT WOS:000236855500001 ER PT J AU Miller, TM Friedman, JF Williamson, JS Viggiano, AA AF Miller, TM Friedman, JF Williamson, JS Viggiano, AA TI Rate constants for the reactions of CO3- and O-3(-) with SO2 from 300 to 1440 K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION-MOLECULE REACTIONS; VELOCITY DISTRIBUTIONS; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; KINETICS; NO AB Rate constants for the reactions of CO3- and O-3(-) with SO2 have been measured between 300 and 1440 K in a high temperature flowing afterglow apparatus. The CO3- rate constants near to the collision rate at low temperatures and fall by about a factor of 50 with temperature until a broad minimum is reached at 900-1300 K. The highest temperature point shows the increasing rate constant. Comparison to drift tube data taken in a helium buffer shows that total energy controls the reactivity, presumably because the reaction goes through a long lived complex even at 1440 K. The reaction of O-3(-) with SO2 was studied up to 1400 K. The rate constant is collisional until 700 K and then decreases with increasing temperature. Rate constants measured at 1300 and 1400 K appear to show an increase, but that observation is questionable since O-3(-) could not be made cleanly. The O-3(-) data at 1200 K and below show that total energy controls reactivity in that range. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM albert.viggiano@hanscom.af.mil NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 14 PY 2006 VL 124 IS 14 AR 144305 DI 10.1063/1.2181572 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 032TD UT WOS:000236796700024 PM 16626194 ER PT J AU Cooper, TM Krein, DM Burke, AR McLean, DG Rogers, JE Slagle, JE Fleitz, PA AF Cooper, TM Krein, DM Burke, AR McLean, DG Rogers, JE Slagle, JE Fleitz, PA TI Spectroscopic characterization of a series of platinum acetylide complexes having a localized triplet exciton SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CONJUGATION LENGTH; PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS; STATE; PHENYLACETYLENE; OLIGOMERS; SINGLET; DELOCALIZATION; PHOTOPHYSICS; COPOLYMERS; DEPENDENCE AB In this work, we describe the spectroscopic properties of a series of platinum complexes containing one acetylide ligand per platinum, having the chemical formula trans-Pt(PBu3)(2)((C equivalent to CC6H4)(n)-H)Cl, n = 1-3 (designated as half-PEn-Pt) and compare their spectroscopic behavior with the well-characterized series trans-Pt(PBu3)(2)((C equivalent to CC6H4)(n)-H)(2), n = 1-3 (designated as PEn-Pt). This comparison aims to determine if the triplet state of PEn-Pt is confined to one ligand or delocalized across the central platinum atom. We measured ground-state absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, phosphorescence spectra, and triplet-state absorption spectra. The ground-state absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra both showed a blue shift when comparing half-PEn-Pt with PEn-Pt, showing the S, state is delocalized across the platinum. In contrast, the phosphorescence spectra of the two types of compounds had the same 0-0 band energy, showing the T-1 state was confined to one ligand in PEn-Pt. The triplet state absorption spectra blue shifted when comparing half-PEn-Pt with PEn-Pt, showing the T-n state was delocalized across. the central platinum. This comparison supports recently published work that suggested this confinement effect (Rogers, J. E et al. J. Chem. Phys. 2005, 122, 214701). C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. SAIC, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. AT&T Corp, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. RP Cooper, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Thomas.Cooper@wpafb.af.mil NR 32 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD APR 6 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 13 BP 4369 EP 4375 DI 10.1021/jp056663q PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 028XS UT WOS:000236522700012 PM 16571040 ER PT J AU Qin, H Mather, PT Baek, JB Tan, LS AF Qin, H Mather, PT Baek, JB Tan, LS TI Modification of bisphenol-A based bismaleimide resin (BPA-BMI) with an allyl-terminated hyperbranched polyimide (AT-PAEKI) SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE chemorheology; hyperbranched polymer; fracture toughness ID THERMOPLASTIC-TOUGHENED THERMOSETS; AROMATIC POLY(ETHER IMIDE)S; POLYMER BLENDS; EPOXY-RESINS; POLYESTERS; POLYAMIDE; KETONES); PROCESSABILITY; NUMBER; UNITS AB As a continuation of previous work involving synthesis of an allyl-functionalized hyperbranched polyimide. AT-PAEKI, we have studied the use of this reactive polymer as a modifier of bisphenol-A based bismaleimide resin (BPA-BMI). This was pursued in anticipation of improvements in processability as well as physical properties including glass transition temperature, elastic modulus. and fracture toughness. Apparent miscibility, indicated by optical clarity with a single T-g, was observed for compositions containing up to 16 wt% AT-PAEKI. Additionally. we observed complete suppression of monomer crystallization and a slight increase in the overall cure excitherm. By rheological characterization, blends containing 4 wt% AT-PAEKI were found to feature a dramatic (65-fold) reduction in the viscosity minimum during heating. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that the addition of 2, 4, 8 wt%. AT-PAEKI increases the cured modulus by approximately 10% from a base value of 3.4 GPa, while adding 16 wt% AT-PAEKI decreases the modulus slightly to 3.3 GPa. DMA also revealed that the cured glass transition temperature increases monotonically with the addition of AT-PAEKI. Fracture toughness was gauged using the single edge notched beam methodology to yield the critical stress intensity factor, K-IC. Our results showed a modest toughening effect (from 0.48 to 0.55 MPa m 112) upon the addition of AT-PAEKI. We conclude that AT-PAEKI may serve as an effective reactive processing aid with slight improvements in T, modulus, and fracture toughness. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Chungbuk 361763, South Korea. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate,MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mather, PT (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, 2100 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM patrick.mather@case.edu RI Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 33 TC 52 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD APR 5 PY 2006 VL 47 IS 8 BP 2813 EP 2821 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.02.062 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 033AG UT WOS:000236817700026 ER PT J AU McNamara, LF Barton, RJ Bullett, TW AF McNamara, LF Barton, RJ Bullett, TW TI Analysis of HF signal power observations on two North American circuits SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB [1] Observations of HF signal powers on two circuits in North America have been compared with the values predicted by two HF propagation programs, Voice of America Coverage Analysis Program (VOACAP) and Advanced Stand Alone Prediction System (ASAPS). Neither program consistently provided the more reliable predicted signal powers. For the longer circuit considered ( 2820 km WWV Fort Collins to Hanscom Air Force Base), ASAPS was found to be the more accurate program for the lower frequencies ( at night), while VOACAP was the more accurate for the higher frequencies ( during the day). The RMS errors ranged from a few decibels to 15 dB. For daytime 7.335 MHz propagation on the 490 km CHU Ottawa to Hanscom Air Force Base circuit, the VOACAP RMS errors (similar to 4 dB) were less than the ASAPS RMS errors (similar to 8 dB). The errors for the two programs were very similar for 3.330 MHz propagation, peaking at similar to 9 dB just after sunrise and just before sunset and similar to 3 dB during the night. C1 Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 02731 USA. RP McNamara, LF (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM leo.mcnamara@hanscom.af.mil NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD APR 5 PY 2006 VL 41 IS 5 AR RS5S38 DI 10.1029/2005RS003347 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 033WT UT WOS:000236883500001 ER PT J AU Reynolds, DC Litton, CW Collins, TC Hoelscher, JE Nause, J AF Reynolds, DC Litton, CW Collins, TC Hoelscher, JE Nause, J TI Observation of donor-acceptor pair spectra in the photoluminescence of H- and Zn-implanted ZnO single crystals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEVICES AB Donor-acceptor (D-A) pair spectra have been observed in the photoluminescence radiative recombination of selected donor bound exciton complexes in zinc oxide (ZnO) single crystals that have been ion implantation doped with H and Zn atoms and subsequently annealed in a nitrogen (N-2) atmosphere at temperatures in the range of 700-800 degrees C. Observations of the D-A pair spectra are explained as the bound states of Hopfield's bound exciton complex model, in terms of the effective mass approximation of the wurtzitic ZnO energy band structure. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74354 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. Cermet Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. RP USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM cole.litton@sbcglobal.net NR 13 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 3 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 14 AR 141919 DI 10.1063/1.2188046 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 030CX UT WOS:000236612000034 ER PT J AU Chatterjee, K Poggie, J AF Chatterjee, K Poggie, J TI A two-dimensional stochastic algorithm for the solution of the non-linear Poisson-Boltzmann equation: validation with finite-difference benchmarks SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE floating random walk algorithm; Monte Carlo; stochastic algorithm; non-linear Poisson-Boltzmann equation; modelling of plasma sheaths; semiconductor device modelling; modelling of biomolecular structure and dynamics ID RANDOM-WALK ALGORITHM AB This paper presents a two-dimensional floating random walk (FRW) algorithm for the solution of the non-linear Poisson-Boltzmann (NPB) equation. In the past, the FRW method has not been applied to the solution of the NPB equation which can be attributed to the absence of analytical expressions for volumetric Green's functions. Previous Studies using the FRW method have examined only the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation. No such linearization is needed for the present approach. Approximate volumetric Green's functions have been derived with the help of perturbation theory, and these expressions have been incorporated within the FRW framework. A unique advantage of this algorithm is that it requires no discretization of either the volume or the surface of the problem domains. Furthermore, each random walk is independent, so that the computational procedure is highly parallelizable. In our previous work, we have presented preliminary calculations for one-dimensional and quasi-one-dimensional benchmark problems. In this paper, we present the detailed formulation of a two-dimensional algorithm, along with extensive finite-difference validation on fully two-dimensional benchmark problems. The solution of the NPB equation has many interesting applications, including the modelling of plasma discharges, semiconductor device modelling and the modelling of biomolecular structures and dynamics. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 MIT, Electromagnet & Elect Syst Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Cooper Union Adv Sci & Art, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, New York, NY 10003 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chatterjee, K (reprint author), MIT, Electromagnet & Elect Syst Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM chatte@cooper.edu; jonathan.poggie@wpafb.af.mil NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD APR 2 PY 2006 VL 66 IS 1 BP 72 EP 84 DI 10.1002/nme.1539 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 030GX UT WOS:000236623600003 ER PT J AU Cheatham, JA Emmert, JM Baumgart, S AF Cheatham, Jason A. Emmert, John M. Baumgart, Stan TI A survey of fault tolerant methodologies for FPGAs SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON DESIGN AUTOMATION OF ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE reliability; measurement; performance; FPGA; self test; fault tolerance ID VLSI ARRAYS; RECONFIGURATION AB A wide range of fault tolerance methods for FPGAs have been proposed. Approaches range from simple architectural redundancy to fully on-line adaptive implementations. The applications of these methods also differ; some are used only for manufacturing yield enhancement, while others can be used in-system. This survey attempts to provide an overview of the current state of the art for fault tolerance in FPGAs. It is assumed that faults have been previously detected and diagnosed; the methods presented are targeted towards tolerating the faults. A detailed description of each method is presented. Where applicable, the methods are compared using common metrics. Results are summarized to present a succinct, comprehensive comparison of the different approaches. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Univ N Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. RP Cheatham, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jason.cheatham@wpafb.af.mil; marty.emmert@wright.edu; srbaum73@yahoo.com NR 28 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 1084-4309 EI 1557-7309 J9 ACM T DES AUTOMAT EL JI ACM Transact. Des. Automat. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2006 VL 11 IS 2 BP 501 EP 533 DI 10.1145/1142155.1142167 PG 33 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 063YF UT WOS:000239055100012 ER PT J AU Grossie, DA Feld, WA Scanlon, L Sandi, G Wawrzak, Z AF Grossie, DA Feld, WA Scanlon, L Sandi, G Wawrzak, Z TI Di-mu-acetone-kappa O-2 : O-bis[(acetone-kappa O)-aqualithium(I)] di-mu-acetone-kappa O-2 : O-bis-[diaqualithium(I)] tetrakis {[phthalocyan-inato(2-)-kappa(4) N, N ', N '', N ''']lithiate(I)] SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB The crystals of the title compound, [Li-2(C3H6O)(4)(H2O)(2)][Li-2(C3H6O)(2)(H2O)(4)] [Li(C32H16N8)](4), were obtained by a recrystallization of dilithium phthalocyanine from an acetone/water/toluene solution. The title structure consists of two independent Li-phthalocyanine complexes along with acetone-bridged lithium dimers. The lithium dimers are located on inversion centers. The crystal structure is stabilized by a network of hydrogen bonds. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Electrochem & Thermal Sci Branch, PRPS,WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL USA. Argonne Natl Lab, DuPont NW Dow Collaborat Access Team, Argonne, IL 40439 USA. RP Grossie, DA (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM david.grossie@wright.edu NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD APR PY 2006 VL 62 BP M827 EP M829 DI 10.1107/S1600536806008488 PN 4 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 028EQ UT WOS:000236470100073 ER PT J AU Rahaman, MN Gross, JR Dutton, RE Wang, H AF Rahaman, MN Gross, JR Dutton, RE Wang, H TI Phase stability, sintering, and thermal conductivity of plasma-sprayed ZrO2-Gd2O3 compositions for potential thermal barrier coating applications SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE thermal barrier coating; plasma spraying; phase transformation; sintering; thermal conductivity ID ZIRCONIA; YTTRIA; TRANSFORMATION; BEHAVIOR AB Structural changes resulting from sintering and phase transformation limit the high -temperature durability of ZrO2-based thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). The objective of this study was to investigate the use of Gd2O3 as a stabilizer for ZrO2-based TBC compositions. The influence of Gd2O3 concentration (4-20 mol.%) on the sintering and phase stability of plasma-sprayed ZrO2 powders was investigated and the data were compared with those for the state-of-the-art Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2. At an equivalent concentration (4 mol.%), Gd2O3 -stabilized ZrO2 sintered more slowly but had a lower resistance to destabilization of the metastable tetragonal (t') phase, when compared to Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2. The thermal conductivity of Gd2O3-stabilized ZrO2 was lower than that Of Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2. Factors influencing the sintering and phase transformation of plasma-sprayed Gd2O3-stabilized ZrO2 are discussed. (c) 2005 Acta Materialia, Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rahaman, MN (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 223 McNutt Hall, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM rahaman@umr.edu RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 NR 41 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD APR PY 2006 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1615 EP 1621 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2005.11.033 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 027QH UT WOS:000236429700018 ER PT J AU Kim, WY Grandhi, RV Haney, M AF Kim, WY Grandhi, RV Haney, M TI multiobjective evolutionary structural optimization using combined static/dynamic control parameters SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 46th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference/1st AIAA Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Specialist Conference CY APR 18-21, 2005 CL Austin, TX SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID DESIGN AB A thermal protection system (TPS) is responsible for protecting a spacecraft's components from melting due to high reentry temperatures. In the design of TPS, both maximum thermal stress and minimum natural frequency must be considered due to the combined thermoacoustic environment inherent in high-speed vehicle applications. A multiobjective structural optimization method for the three-dimensional acreage TPS design is developed using an evolutionary structural optimization (ESO) algorithm. The static control parameter used to find the optimum in minimum thermal stress design is modified to address an irregular mode-switching phenomenon, as well as to improve the modal stiffness in dynamic analysis. Two objectives are optimized simultaneously, namely, the maximization of fundamental natural frequency and the minimization of maximum thermal stress. The proposed modified control parameter is demonstrated in the design of a metallic TPS using the method of weighted objectives. The results are then compared with the conventional ESO sensitivity approach. This work concludes by applying the methodology which makes use of both topology and shape optimization in the design of an acreage TPS. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kim, WY (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD APR PY 2006 VL 44 IS 4 BP 794 EP 802 DI 10.2514/1.16971 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 032CS UT WOS:000236752100012 ER PT J AU McAree, P Bodin, L Ball, M Segars, J AF McAree, Paul Bodin, Lawrence Ball, Michael Segars, James TI Design of the Federal Express large package sort facility SO ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Triennial Symposium on Transportation Analysis (TRISTAN IV) CY JUN 13-19, 2001 CL Sao Miguel, PORTUGAL DE mixed integer program; heuristic algorithm AB In this paper, two mixed integer programming models, the Aggregate Bin Assignment Model (ABAM) and Aggregate Rack Assignment Model (ARAM), are developed for the analysis of possible large package sort facility designs for Federal Express Corporation. Applying the ABAM and RAM algorithm on the current topological design of the sort facility reduces the number of forklifts and total forklift travel time for accomplishing the sort by about 20%. Tests on 16 other configurations proposed by Federal Express indicated that savings of 33% with respect to the number of forklifts required and over 50% in the total forklift travel time when compared to the existing operations can be achieved. C1 Univ Maryland, Robert H Smith Business, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Fed Express Corp, Memphis, TN USA. RP Bodin, L (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Robert H Smith Business, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM Lbodin@rhsmith.umd.edu NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0254-5330 J9 ANN OPER RES JI Ann. Oper. Res. PD APR PY 2006 VL 144 IS 1 BP 133 EP 152 DI 10.1007/s10479-006-0005-z PG 20 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 080NP UT WOS:000240254900009 ER PT J AU Smith, SD Smith, JA AF Smith, SD Smith, JA TI Head and helmet biodynamics and tracking performance in vibration environments SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE whole-body vibration; helmet-mounted systems; head tracking performance AB Introduction: There are potential effects of vibration on aircrew performance and safety when using helmet-mounted equipment. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of head orientation and helmet center-of-gravity (CG) on head and helmet biodynamics and tracking performance during exposures to aircraft buffeting and quasi-random vibration. Methods: Three head orientations, including two off-axis or off-boresight configurations [Side (40 degrees elevation, 70 degrees azimuth) and Up (40 degrees elevation, 0 degrees azimuth)], and three helmet CGs were tested. The overall head, helmet, and helmet slippage displacement rotations, and rms tracking error and percent time-on-target were evaluated. Results: For both exposures, the two off-axis orientations produced significantly higher head, helmet, and slippage displacements; a relationship was observed between the orientation and the rotation that was affected (roll, pitch, or yaw). The highest slippage observed was in pitch in the forward (For) and Up orientations. Significantly higher performance degradation occurred with the Side orientation for two of the three CGs during aircraft buffeting, with minimal degradation observed with the quasi-random exposure. Higher head pitch and lower pitch slippage were associated with the CG estimated to produce loading behind the human head CG. Conclusions: The high off-boresight head movements may influence visual performance in operational vibration environments. Helmet instability appeared to be the greatest in pitch, which could have a significant effect on the design size of the exit pupil. The weight distribution or moments-of-inertia of the helmet system may also have a significant influence on both head/helmet biodynamics and tracking performance and should be investigated. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL HEPA, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Gen Dynam AIS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Smith, SD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL HEPA, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 2800 Q St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM suzanne.smith@wpafb.af.mil NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD APR PY 2006 VL 77 IS 4 BP 388 EP 397 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 031OC UT WOS:000236712900002 PM 16676649 ER PT J AU Walker, K Pakhomova, ON Kolb, J Schoenbach, KS Stuck, BE Murphy, MR Pakhomov, AG AF Walker, K Pakhomova, ON Kolb, J Schoenbach, KS Stuck, BE Murphy, MR Pakhomov, AG TI Oxygen enhances lethal effect of high-intensity, ultrashort electrical pulses SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE nanosecond pulses; cytotoxicity; radiomodification ID CELL-DEATH AB The study explored the effect of ambient oxygen on mammalian cell survival after exposure to 10 ns duration, high voltage electrical pulses (nsEP, 80-90 or 120-130 kV/cm; 200-400 pulses per exposure). Cell samples were equilibrated with pure nitrogen, atmospheric air, or pure oxygen prior to the nsEP treatment and were returned to the incubator (air + 5% CO2) shortly after the exposure. The experiments established that survival of hypoxic Jurkat and U937 cells exceeded that of air-equilibrated controls about twofold (P <.01). Conversely, saturation of the medium with oxygen prior to exposure decreased Jurkat cell survival about 1.5 times, P <.01. Attenuation of the cytotoxic effect under hypoxic conditions resembled a well-known effect of oxygen on cell killing by sparsely ionizing radiations and may be indicative of the similarity of underlying cell damage mechanisms. C1 USA, Med Res Detachment, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Bioelect, Norfolk, VA USA. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effect Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Physiol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Pakhomov, AG (reprint author), UTHSCSA, Dept Physiol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM pakhomov@uthscsa.edu RI Kolb, Juergen/A-5515-2016 OI Kolb, Juergen/0000-0002-0434-5001 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD APR PY 2006 VL 27 IS 3 BP 221 EP 225 DI 10.1002/bem.20200 PG 5 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 027JL UT WOS:000236411600007 PM 16342277 ER PT J AU Russell, DR AF Russell, DR TI Development of a time-domain, variable-period surface-wave magnitude measurement procedure for application at regional and teleseismic distances, part I: Theory SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MS AB A major problem with time-domain measurements of seismic surface waves is the significant effect of nondispersed Rayleigh waves and Airy phases, which can occur at both regional and teleseismic distances. This article derives a time-domain method for measuring surface waves with minimum digital processing by using zero-phase Butterworth filters. The method can effectively measure surface-wave magnitudes at both regional and teleseismic distances, at variable periods between 8 and 25 sec, while ensuring that the magnitudes are corrected to accepted formulae at 20-sec reference periods, thus providing historical continuity. For applications over typical continental crusts, the proposed magnitude equation is, for zero-to-peak measurements in millimicrons: [GRAPHICS] To calculate M-s(b), the following steps should be taken: 1. Determine the epicentral distance in degrees to the event A and the period T. 2. Calculate the corner filter frequency f(c) using the preceding inequality. 3. Filter the time series using a zero-phase, third-order Butterworth bandpass filter with corner frequencies 1/T - f(c), 1/T + f(c). 4. Calculate the maximum amplitude ab of the filtered signal and calculate M-s(b). At the reference period of 20 sec, the equation is equivalent to von Seggern's formula (1977) scaled to Vanek (1962) at 50 degrees. For periods 8 <= T <= 25, the equation is corrected to T = 20 sec, accounting for source effects, attenuation, and dispersion. C1 USAF, Tech Applicat Ctr, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. RP Russell, DR (reprint author), USAF, Tech Applicat Ctr, 1030 S Highway A1A, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. EM dhrussell@cfl.rr.com NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 BP 665 EP 677 DI 10.1785/0120050055 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 029WG UT WOS:000236594500022 ER PT J AU Bonner, JL Russell, DR Harkrider, DG Reiter, DT Herrmann, RB AF Bonner, JL Russell, DR Harkrider, DG Reiter, DT Herrmann, RB TI Development of a time-domain, variable-period surface-wave magnitude measurement procedure for application at regional and teleseismic distances, part II: Application and M-s-m(b) performance SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NEVADA TEST-SITE; M-S; MS; DISCRIMINATION; EARTHQUAKES; MB AB The Russell surface-wave magnitude formula, developed in Part I of this two-part article, and the M-s(VMAX) measurement technique, discussed in this article, provide a new method for estimating variable-period surface-wave magnitudes at regional and teleseismic distances. The M-s(VMAX) measurement method consists of applying Butterworth bandpass filters to data at center periods between 8 and 25 sec. The filters are designed to help remove the effects of nondispersed Airy phases at regional and teleseismic distances. We search for the maximum amplitude in all of the variable-period bands and then use the Russell formula to calculate a surface-wave magnitude. In this companion article, we demonstrate the capabilities of the method by using applications to three different datasets. The first application utilizes a dataset that consists of large earthquakes in the Mediterranean region. The results indicate that the M-s(VMAX) technique provides regional and teleseismic surface-wave magnitude estimates that are in general agreement except for a small distance dependence of -0.002 magnitude units per degree. We also find that the M-s(VMAX) estimates are less than 0.1 magnitude unit different than those from other formulas applied at teleseismic distances such as Rezapour and Pearce (1998) and Vanek et al. (1962). In the second and third applications of the method, we demonstrate that measurements of M-s(VMAX) versus m(b) provide adequate separation of the explosion and earthquake populations at the Nevada and Lop Nor Test Sites. At the Nevada Test Site, our technique resulted in the misclassification of two earthquakes in the explosion population. We also determined that the new technique reduces the scatter in the magnitude estimates by 25% when compared with our previous studies using a calibrated regional magnitude formula. For the Lop Nor Test Site, we had no misclassified explosions or earthquakes; however, the data were less comprehensive. A preliminary analysis of Eurasian earthquake and explosion data suggest that similar slopes are obtained for observed M-s(VMAX) versus m(b) data with m(b) < 5. Thus the data are not converging at lower magnitudes. These results suggest that the discrimination of explosions from earthquakes can be achieved at lower magnitudes using the Russell (2006) formula and the M-s(VMAX) measurement technique. C1 Weston Geophys Corp, Lufkin, TX 75904 USA. USAF, Tech Applicat Ctr, Patrick AFB, FL USA. Weston Geophys Corp, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. RP Bonner, JL (reprint author), Weston Geophys Corp, 4000 S Medford Suite 10W, Lufkin, TX 75904 USA. EM bonner@westongeophysical.com; hark@ourconcord.net; delaine@westongeophysical.com; rbh@eas.slu.edu NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 BP 678 EP 696 DI 10.1785/0120050056 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 029WG UT WOS:000236594500023 ER PT J AU Fathollahi, B Mauldin, M Chau, PC Wapner, PG Hoffman, WP AF Fathollahi, B Mauldin, M Chau, PC Wapner, PG Hoffman, WP TI Integrated mesophase injection and in situ transformation in fabrication of high-density carbon-carbon composites SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE carbon composite; mesophase; microstructure; optical microscopy ID PITCH IMPREGNATION; C/C COMPOSITES; STABILIZATION; DENSIFICATION AB The fabrication of high-density carbon-carbon composite by integrating mesophase injection and in situ transformation methods in different processing cycles was examined. Non-rigidized preform disks 30 mm thick and 68 mm, in diameter were rigidized by an initial in situ transformation cycle to an average density of 0.92 g/cm(3) after carbonization. The rigidized preforms were subsequently densified by 1-3 cycles of injection with the AR mesophase pitch. After each injection cycle, the flow-oriented mesophase matrix was stabilized and carbonized to 1150 degrees C. The composites from each injection cycle were further densified by a final in situ cycle. A final density of nearly 2 g/cm(3) was attained after three injection cycles and a final in situ cycle. All the cycles except the third injection required only ambient or very moderate pressures. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Chem Engn Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. AF Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Fathollahi, B (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Chem Engn Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM bfatholl@ucsd.edu NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD APR PY 2006 VL 44 IS 5 BP 854 EP 858 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2005.10.030 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 028BN UT WOS:000236460600006 ER PT J AU Abdul Naeem, M Anwar, M Ali, W Ayyub, M Nasirudding AF Abdul Naeem, M Anwar, M Ali, W Ayyub, M Nasirudding TI Prevalence of prothrombin gene mutation (G-A 20210 A) in general population: A pilot study SO CLINICAL AND APPLIED THROMBOSIS-HEMOSTASIS LA English DT Article DE thrombophilias; population genetics; prothrombin gene ID PROTEIN-C; VENOUS THROMBOSIS; YOUNG-WOMEN; THROMBOPHILIA; ANTITHROMBIN; DEFICIENCY; INFARCTION; VARIANT; REGION; PLASMA AB The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of prothrombin gene mutation in a sample population from Pakistan. Two hundred apparently healthy unrelated adults (older than 18 years) were included in the study. The sample population comprised 100 Punjabis (male 50, female 50) and 100 Pathans (male 50, female 50). Patients with a history of previous thromboembolism were excluded from the study. Five milliliters (5 mL) of whole blood was drawn in an EDTA bottle. The DNA was extracted by the standard phenol-chloroform method. The DNA was amplified between exon number 14 and the T-untranslated region of the prothrombin gene by a polymerase chain reaction in a thermal cycler. Amplified products were digested overnight with HindIII at 37 degrees C. The digested products were electrophoresed on 6% polyacrylamide gel. The fragments were visualized by silver nitrate staining. A heterozygous wild type and an uncut amplified product were included in the electrophoresis strip for quality control. The wild type of DNA ran as a 350-bp fragment and internal control was cut as 550- and 150-bp fragments. The abnormal prothrombin gene was cut into 350-, 322-, and 28-bp fragments. Only two cases of heterozygous prothrombin gene mutation G-A 20210A were found in the sample studied, giving an overall carrier rate of 01% (95% CI 0.4-2.4%) in the target population. Prothrombin gene mutation is present in our population but at a lower frequency than in the white population. C1 USAF, Inst Pathol, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. RP Anwar, M (reprint author), USA, Coll Med, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. EM masoodanwar_47@hotmail.com NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTMINSTER PUBL INC PI GLEN HEAD PA 708 GLEN COVE AVE, GLEN HEAD, NY 11545 USA SN 1076-0296 J9 CLIN APPL THROMB-HEM JI Clin. Appl. Thromb.-Hemost. PD APR PY 2006 VL 12 IS 2 BP 223 EP 226 PG 4 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 041GJ UT WOS:000237442100012 ER PT J AU Sabichi, AL Lee, JJ Taylor, RJ Thompson, IM Miles, BJ Tangen, CM Minasian, LM Pisters, LL Caton, JR Basler, JW Lerner, SP Menter, DG Marshall, JR Crawford, ED Lippman, SM AF Sabichi, AL Lee, JJ Taylor, RJ Thompson, IM Miles, BJ Tangen, CM Minasian, LM Pisters, LL Caton, JR Basler, JW Lerner, SP Menter, DG Marshall, JR Crawford, ED Lippman, SM TI Selenium accumulation in prostate tissue during a randomized, controlled short-term trial of l-selenomethionine: a Southwest Oncology Group study SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CANCER PREVENTION; THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; SUBSEQUENT RISK; CELL-CYCLE; SUPPLEMENTATION; CARCINOMA; LEVEL; CHEMOPREVENTION; SELENOPROTEINS AB Purpose: Epidemiologic and clinical data suggest that selenium could prevent prostate cancer, but it has not been shown that supplemental selenium leads to an increased concentration of selenium in prostate tissue compared with adjacent tissue Experimental Design. We conducted a randomized, controlled, short-term trial of I-selenomethionine (SeMet) versus observation in men with organ-confined prostate cancer The primary endpoint was the measurement of selenium concentration in prostate tissue and seminal vesicle (SV). We assessed baseline selenium levels in serum and in toenail specimens (reflecting long-term intake) and post-intervention selenium levels in serum, and in prostate and SV tissues using hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. Results: Sixty-six eligible patients were randomly assigned to the SeMet (n = 34) or observation (n = 32) arm; both arms had similar baseline patient characteristics Baseline serum selenium was similar in the two groups (P = 0.64). Baseline toenail selenium levels were slightly higher in the SeMet group than in the control group (P = 0.07). After the intervention, the mean serum selenium level increased 15% in the SeMet arm and was higher than in the observation arm (P = 0.001). The selenium concentration in prostate tissue was 22% higher in the SeMet arm (n = 26) than in the observation arm (n = 25; 1.80 versus 147 ppm; P = 0.003, Wilcoxon rank sum test) and remained significantly higher after adjusting for chronic selenium intake (P = 0.021, ANCOVA). SV selenium concentration was similar in both groups (P = 0.384) and was lower than in prostate tissue. Conclusions: The present study is the first to show that selenium taken as oral supplementation accumulates preferentially in the human prostate gland as opposed to the SV. These findings support the hypothesis that oral selenium supplementation may contribute to the cancer preventive effects of selenium. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Clin Canc Prevent, Houston, TX 77230 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. SW Oncol Grp, Ctr Stat, Seattle, WA USA. Natl Canc Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. RP Sabichi, AL (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Clin Canc Prevent, 1515 Holcombe Blvd,POB 301439,Unit 1360, Houston, TX 77230 USA. EM asabichi@mdanderson.org FU NCI NIH HHS [CA42777, CA105409, CA22433, CA37429, CA76447]; NIEHS NIH HHS [5 P30 ES07784] NR 41 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 12 IS 7 BP 2178 EP 2184 DI 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-0937 PN 1 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 034BI UT WOS:000236899000034 PM 16609032 ER PT J AU Krasuski, RA Michaelis, K Eckart, RE AF Krasuski, RA Michaelis, K Eckart, RE TI The cardiovascular patient's perceptions of complementary and alternative medicine SO CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE complementary and alternative medicine; cardiovascular disease; vitamin E; hormone replacement; safety; efficacy ID VITAMIN-E SUPPLEMENTATION; UNITED-STATES; EVENTS; TRENDS AB Background: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is common among patients with cardiovascular disorders and is generally underrecognized by physicians. The attitudes of these patients regarding these therapies and their perceptions of safety and efficacy have not been well defined. Methods: A written survey was received from a cohort of outpatients seen at a large outpatient cardiovascular clinic in Texas. Over 75% of patients responded, with more than 90% of returned surveys adequate for analysis. Results: Of the 2 10 respondents 113 admitted to CAM use, with Vitan-fins E and C being the most frequently utilized agents. Women were significantly more likely to take CAM than men (69 vs. 46%, p = 0.002), particularly those taking hormone replacement therapy. Over half of patients surveyed stated their cardiologist was unaware of their use of CAM. Only 15% of patients felt that CAM was more efficacious than their traditional medications, but almost half felt it was significantly safer. A similar number were unaware of any interactions between CAM and their other medications. Conclusions: Use of CAM is common in cardiology outpatients, and many patients remain unaware of potential health risks. Physicians should routinely question patients about use of CAM and attempt to educate users regarding potential health risks. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Krasuski, RA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM krasusr@ccf.org NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY PUBL CO PI MAHWAH PA PO BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0160-9289 J9 CLIN CARDIOL JI Clin. Cardiol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 29 IS 4 BP 161 EP 164 DI 10.1002/clc.4960290407 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 027UW UT WOS:000236442200006 PM 16649725 ER PT J AU Joyce, KM Boyd, J Viernes, JL AF Joyce, KM Boyd, J Viernes, JL TI Contact dermatitis following sustained exposure to pecans (Carya illinoensis): A case report SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID FOOD AB Type I hypersensitivity reactions following ingestion of peanuts and tree nuts are well characterized. Cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions are less well characterized, yet they remain the second most common reaction pattern to contact with or ingestion of such nuts. We present a case of a patient who experienced an acute vesicular cutaneous reaction after prolonged contact with pecans. This case illustrates the salient features of contact dermatitis and serves as a reminder that contact with allergenic foods can lead to hypersensitivity reactions. C1 USAF, Dept Dermatol, Langley AFB, VA 23665 USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Joyce, KM (reprint author), USAF, Dept Dermatol, MC,49 Pine St, Langley AFB, VA 23665 USA. EM kathleen.joyce@langley.af.mil NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD APR PY 2006 VL 77 IS 4 BP 209 EP 212 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 035GP UT WOS:000236989100002 PM 16706235 ER PT J AU Le, HQ Knudsen, SJ AF Le, HQ Knudsen, SJ TI Exposure to a First World War blistering agent SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Flight Med Clin, Dover AFB, DE USA. USAF, Flight Practice Clin, 436th Med Grp, Dover AFB, DE USA. RP Le, HQ (reprint author), 436 ADOS,SGGF,300 Tuskegee Blvd, Dover AFB, DE 19902 USA. EM harrison.le@dover.af.mil NR 6 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1472-0205 J9 EMERG MED J JI Emerg. Med. J. PD APR PY 2006 VL 23 IS 4 BP 296 EP 299 DI 10.1136/emj.2005.032540 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 023RS UT WOS:000236144500015 PM 16549577 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Daum, LT Vora, GJ Metzgar, D Walter, EA Canas, LC Malanoski, AP Lin, BC Stenger, DA AF Wang, Z Daum, LT Vora, GJ Metzgar, D Walter, EA Canas, LC Malanoski, AP Lin, BC Stenger, DA TI Identifying influenza viruses with resequencing microarrays SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISMS; EVOLUTION; PATHOGENS; DIAGNOSIS; REVEALS AB Identification of genetic variations of influenza viruses is essential for epidemic and pandemic outbreak surveillance and determination of vaccine strain selection. In this study, we combined a random amplification strategy with high-density resequencing microarray technology to demonstrate simultaneous detection and sequence-based typing of 25 geographically distributed human influenza virus strains collected in 2004 and 2005. In addition to identification, this method provided primary sequence information, which suggested that distinct lineages of influenza viruses co-circulated during the 2004-2005 season, and simultaneously identified and typed all component strains of the trivalent FluMist intranasal vaccine. The results demonstrate a novel, timely, and unbiased method for the molecular epidemiologic surveillance of influenza viruses. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, San Antonio, TX USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Stenger, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dstenger@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009; OI Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X; Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785; Vora, Gary/0000-0002-0657-8597 NR 30 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2006 VL 12 IS 4 BP 638 EP 646 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 028BJ UT WOS:000236460200015 PM 16704813 ER PT J AU Chang, S Chiang, FP Rosenberger, AH AF Chang, S Chiang, FP Rosenberger, AH TI A micromechanics study of lamellar TiAl SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Society-for-Experimental-Mechanics CY 2005 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Experimental Mechanics DE computer aided speckle interferometry; full-field strain mapping; nondestructive evaluation; scanning electron microscopy; speckle interferometry with electron microscopy ID MICROSTRUCTURE; DEFORMATION; ALLOY; MOIRE AB Microdeformation patterns of lamellar TiAl specimens with various grain sizes under uniaxial tension are mapped using the micro/nano experimental mechanics technique called SIEM (Speckle Interferometry with Electron Microscopy). The stress-strain relationships were obtained from deformations within decreasing areas ranging from mm to mu m(2). We found that the stress-strain relationship of the material depends on the size of strain measuring area in relation to the grain size. The stiffness at a grain boundary can be as large as 7-10 times more than that of the grain itself. From the data obtained so far, it seems that the traditional way of using PST (polysynthetically twinned) single crystal to predict polycrystalline behavior may not be appropriate. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mech Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. AFRL, MLLN, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chang, S (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mech Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM shechang@gmail.com NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 173 EP 178 DI 10.1007/s11340-006-5866-1 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 038CM UT WOS:000237196000006 ER PT J AU Foster, DC Tandon, GP Zoghi, M AF Foster, DC Tandon, GP Zoghi, M TI Evaluation of failure behavior of transversely loaded unidirectional model composites SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Society-for-Experimental-Mechanics CY 2005 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Expt Mechan DE cruciform specimen; cavitation; fiber-matrix debonds; transverse failure ID INTERFACIAL NORMAL STRENGTH; STRESS STATE; POLYMERS; FRACTURE AB A leading reason for the limited use of laminated composite materials in primary structural applications is that the failure initiates in the ply oriented transverse to the direction of the applied load at a much lower strain level than that which would cause the ultimate failure of the laminate. Previous studies indicate that transverse failure is manifested as either cavitation-induced failure of the matrix system or fiber-matrix debonding. The mechanism causing the failure initiation event is not decidedly known and depends on the local stress field of the constrained matrix that is a function of fiber spacing. In the present study a model composite system using a transparent matrix is employed in a cruciform-shaped specimen to evaluate the viability of several transverse failure theories. The cruciform-shaped specimen utilizes a low strain-to-failure 828/D230 RT cured epoxy and stainless steel wires arranged such that a fiber is placed at the intersection of face diagonals of four remaining fibers located at corners of a square. The transverse failure mechanism is observed in-situ via the reflected light method and recorded utilizing high resolution, high magnification microscope cameras. A parametric study is conducted using three dimensional finite element (FE) models to analyze the stress state in the cruciform specimen as a function of fiber spacing. The result of the 3-D FE models in conjunction with experimental observations are used to evaluate the transverse failure theories suggested in the literature. In addition this data will be used to develop a comprehensive failure criterion for transversely loaded multi-fiber composites that encompasses the dependence on fiber spacing. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Foster, DC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2941 Hobson Way,Bldg 654,Rm 136, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dean.foster@wpafb.af.mil NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 217 EP 243 DI 10.1007/s11340-006-6413-9 PG 27 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 038CM UT WOS:000237196000010 ER PT J AU Lin, BC Wang, Z Vora, GJ Thornton, JA Schnur, JM Thach, DC Blaney, KM Ligler, AG Malanoski, AP Santiago, J Walter, EA Agan, BK Metzgar, D Seto, D Daum, LT Kruzelock, R Rowley, RK Hanson, EH Tibbetts, C Stenger, DA AF Lin, BC Wang, Z Vora, GJ Thornton, JA Schnur, JM Thach, DC Blaney, KM Ligler, AG Malanoski, AP Santiago, J Walter, EA Agan, BK Metzgar, D Seto, D Daum, LT Kruzelock, R Rowley, RK Hanson, EH Tibbetts, C Stenger, DA TI Broad-spectrum respiratory tract pathogen identification using resequencing DNA microarrays SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DENSITY OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS; INFLUENZA-A VIRUSES; RAPID DETECTION; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; UNITED-STATES; AMPLIFICATION; PCR AB The exponential growth of pathogen nucleic acid sequences available in public domain databases has invited their direct use in pathogen detection, identification, and surveillance strategies. DNA microarray technology has offered the potential for the direct DNA sequence analysis of a broad spectrum of pathogens of interest. However, to achieve the practical attainment of this potential, numerous technical issues, especially nucleic acid amplification, probe specificity, and interpretation strategies of sequence detection, need to be addressed. In this report, we demonstrate an approach that combines the use of a custom-designed Affymetrix resequencing Respiratory Pathogen Microarray (RPM v.1) with methods for microbial nucleic acid enrichment, random nucleic acid amplification, and automated sequence similarity searching for broad-spectrum respiratory pathogen surveillance. Successful proof-of-concept experiments, utilizing clinical samples obtained from patients presenting adenovirus or influenza virus-induced febrile respiratory illness (FRI), demonstrate the ability of this approach for correct species- and strain-level identification with unambiguous statistical interpretation at clinically relevant sensitivity levels. Our results underscore the feasibility of using this approach to expedite the early surveillance of diseases, and provide new information on the incidence of multiple pathogens. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. Lackland AFB, Epidem Outbreak Surveillance Adv Diagnost Lab, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Texas A&M Univ Syst, San Antonio, TX 78223 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. USAF, HQ, SGR, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, Brooks AFB, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. RP Stenger, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dstenger@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009; OI Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X; Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785; Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 NR 30 TC 99 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 2 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD APR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 4 BP 527 EP 535 DI 10.1101/gr.4337206 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 031JF UT WOS:000236700000010 PM 16481660 ER PT J AU Barrier, BF Kendall, BS Ryan, CE Sharpe-Timms, KL AF Barrier, BF Kendall, BS Ryan, CE Sharpe-Timms, KL TI HLA-G is expressed by the glandular epithelium of peritoneal endometriosis but not in eutopic endometrium SO HUMAN REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE endometriosis; endometrium; HLA-G; immunology; inflammation ID LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN-G; CD4(+) T-CELLS; HUMAN TROPHOBLASTS; MESSENGER-RNA; STROMAL CELLS; G MOLECULE; IN-VIVO; G GENE; WOMEN; LYMPHOCYTES AB BACKGROUND: HLA-G is a major histocompatability antigen with documented immune-regulatory function. Various epithelial cancers and tissue allografts have been noted to express HLA-G, which is postulated to aid in their escape from immunosurveillance. We evaluated peritoneal endometriosis and eutopic endometrium for the expression of HLA-G protein and gene transcript. METHODS: Two experiments were performed: (i) archived tissue blocks from peritoneal endometriotic lesions (n = 15) and eutopic endometrium (n = 12) were evaluated for extent of protein immunostaining, and (ii) eutopic endometrial biopsies from women without (n = 17) and with (n = 24) endometriosis, and peritoneal endometriotic lesions (n = 14) were evaluated for presence of RNA transcript by in situ hybridization. RESULTS: HLA-G protein localized in the glandular epithelium of 14 of 15 (93.3%) peritoneal endometriotic lesions, but not in stromal cells. HLA-G protein staining was absent in endometrial biopsies (n = 12). HLA-G gene transcript localized to the glandular epithelium in 13 of 14 (92.8%) peritoneal endometriotic lesions. HLA-G transcript was never observed in eutopic endometrium, regardless of cycle stage or whether from women with (n = 24) or without (n = 18) endometriosis. CONCLUSIONS: HLA-G is expressed by endometriotic glandular epithelium but not by eutopic endometrium under normal conditions. Differential expression of HLA-G suggests that peritoneal inflammation or cellular stress may up-regulate mechanisms to promote ectopic endometrial survival. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Womens Hlth, Div Reprod & Perinatal Res, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Barrier, BF (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Womens Hlth, Div Reprod & Perinatal Res, 1 Hosp Dr,N 625 HSC, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. EM barrierb@health.missouri.edu NR 52 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1161 J9 HUM REPROD JI Hum. Reprod. PD APR PY 2006 VL 21 IS 4 BP 864 EP 869 DI 10.1093/humrep/dei408 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 025GN UT WOS:000236253500005 PM 16311290 ER PT J AU Wilbanks, MW Patterson, GL IV Pohle, H Clark, WT AF Wilbanks, Mark W. Patterson, Grady L., IV Pohle, Hugh Clark, Wallace T., III TI Infrared imaging to map power on target for a millimeter-wave source SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE antenna radiation patterns; power measurement; absorbing media; electromagnetic scattering by absorbing media; infrared imaging; infrared image sensors; millimeter wave measurements; permittivity measurements; loss measurement AB Infrared camera images are used to calculate the power deposited on a target by a millimeter wave source. Thin carbon-impregnated sheets of Kapton are illuminated with RF energy, and then infrared images in the 3-5 mu m band provide temperature data that is used to numerically solve the heat equation and obtain absorbed power values. Techniques to determine the electrical properties of Kapton up to 94 GHz were developed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Wilbanks, MW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM mwilbanks@techvets.com NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD APR PY 2006 VL 48 IS 2 BP 42 EP 47 DI 10.1109/MAP.2006.1650815 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 058JA UT WOS:000238660100006 ER PT J AU Deng, H Himed, B Wicks, MC AF Deng, H Himed, B Wicks, MC TI Image feature-based space-time processing for ground moving target detection SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE clutter rejection; radar signal processing; region growing (RG); space-time processing ID ADAPTIVE RADAR AB An image feature-based space time processing (IFSTP) algorithm is introduced to effectively detect ground moving targets in clutter and jamming via airborne radar. This new approach exploits the distinct image features of targets and interference signals in the angle-Doppler domain. An image segmentation algorithm, referred to as region growing, extracts targets and interference features in the angle-Doppler domain, and an innovative block-size detection algorithm discriminates between moving targets and interference based on the extracted image features. The proposed IFSTP algorithm is particularly suitable for detecting ground moving targets in highly nonhomogeneous clutter environments, without any requirement for clutter covariance estimation. C1 Univ N Texas, Dept Elect Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. US Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Deng, H (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Elect Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1070-9908 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC LET JI IEEE Signal Process. Lett. PD APR PY 2006 VL 13 IS 4 BP 216 EP 219 DI 10.1109/LSP2005.863676 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 023VA UT WOS:000236153100009 ER PT J AU Sofka, J Skormin, V Nikulin, V Nicholson, DJ AF Sofka, J. Skormin, V. Nikulin, V. Nicholson, D. J. TI Omni-Wrist III - A new generation of pointing devices Part I: laser beam steering devices - Mathematical modeling SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Omni-Wrist III is a new sensor mount developed with U.S. Air Force funding that emulates the kinematics of a human wrist. Driven by two linear motors and computer controlled, it is capable of a full 180 degrees hemisphere of pitch/yaw motion. A comprehensive laboratory testing of one of the few existing devices of this type, installed in the Laser Communications Research Laboratory at Binghamton University, has resulted in the establishment of a complete mathematical model relating pitch/yaw coordinates of the sensor mount to the motor encoder signals. This paper presents the development of the model that incorporates inverse and forward pose kinematics solutions as well as the dynamics of the novel gimbal-like pointing system. C1 SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Sofka, J (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Vestal Pkwy E, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2006 VL 42 IS 2 BP 718 EP 725 DI 10.1109/TAES.2006.1642584 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 065UN UT WOS:000239185400026 ER PT J AU Sofka, J Skormin, V Nikulin, V Nicholson, DJ AF Sofka, J. Skormin, V. Nikulin, V. Nicholson, D. J. TI Omni-Wrist III - A new generation of pointing devices Part II: Gimbals systems - Control SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB The Omni-Wrist III robotic manipulator, inspired in design by the kinematics of the human wrist, represents, with the full 180 degrees hemisphere of singularity-free range, a very capable alternative to traditional gimbals systems. Research efforts at the Laser Communications Research Laboratory at Binghamton University have resulted in the establishment of an accurate mathematical model, which was utilized in the development of control systems presented in this paper. A state variable controller and two linear model following controllers are developed and evaluated. The third controller is designed to achieve full decoupling of the highly coupled system. The adaptation and disturbance rejection capabilities of the controllers are demonstrated through friction compensation. C1 SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Sofka, J (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Vestal Pkwy E, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2006 VL 42 IS 2 BP 726 EP 734 DI 10.1109/TAES.2006.1642585 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 065UN UT WOS:000239185400027 ER PT J AU Zhang, SY Wurden, GA Intrator, TP Ruden, EL Waganaar, WJ Grabowski, CT Renneke, RM Degnan, JH AF Zhang, SY Wurden, GA Intrator, TP Ruden, EL Waganaar, WJ Grabowski, CT Renneke, RM Degnan, JH TI High-density field-reversed configuration plasma for magnetized target fusion SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS 2005) CY JUN, 2005 CL Monterey, CA DE field-reversed configuration; fusion reactors; magnetized target fusion; plasma confinement; plasma generation; plasma measurements; plasma pinch; plasmas ID FRX-L; COMPRESSION; IMPLOSION AB Field reversed theta pinch technology is employed with programmed cusp fields at the theta coil ends to form high-density field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasmas. The well-formed FRC plasmas have volume-averaged density of 2 - 4 X 10(22) m(-3), total temperature (T-e + T-i) of 300-500 eV, and plasma lifetime between 10-20 mu s in 50-70 mtorr of deuterium static gas fill. The achieved FRC parameters are very close to the desired target plasma requirements for magnetized target fusion. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Phys Grp P24, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Zhang, SY (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM szhang9@wisc.edu RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 34 IS 2 BP 223 EP 228 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.872164 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 035VN UT WOS:000237029900010 ER PT J AU Murray, CJS AF Murray, CJS TI Tutorial SO JOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING LA English DT Article C1 Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. RP Murray, CJS (reprint author), Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. EM John.Murray3@andrews.af.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1539-0136 J9 J SPEC PEDIATR NURS JI J. Spec. Pediatr. Nurs. PD APR PY 2006 VL 11 IS 2 BP 112 EP 113 DI 10.1111/j.1744-6155.2006.00052.x PG 3 WC Nursing; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Pediatrics GA 029SK UT WOS:000236584500005 ER PT J AU Murray, CJS AF Murray, CJS TI Collaborative Practice - Addressing the psychosocial needs of children following disasters SO JOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING LA English DT Article DE children; disaster response; psychosocial needs C1 Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. RP Murray, CJS (reprint author), Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. EM john.murray3@andrews.af.mil NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1539-0136 J9 J SPEC PEDIATR NURS JI J. Spec. Pediatr. Nurs. PD APR PY 2006 VL 11 IS 2 BP 133 EP 137 DI 10.1111/j.1744-6155.2006.00055.x PG 5 WC Nursing; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Pediatrics GA 029SK UT WOS:000236584500008 ER PT J AU Pocock, JB Kuennen, ST Gambatese, J Rauschkolb, J AF Pocock, JB Kuennen, ST Gambatese, J Rauschkolb, J TI Constructability state of practice report SO JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB This report reviews guidance on constructability programs from a variety of sources and presents the current practice of constructability. The advice of several organizations and researchers is summarized to describe expectations for ideal constructability. Actual current constructability practice, based on results and analysis of a Constructability State of Practice survey, is described. Approximately 100 owners, architects, engineers, consultants, contractors, and construction managers answered the survey's ten questions and provided written comments. The results provide a picture of current constructability practices in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry and progress in recent years. Major conclusions include: (1) constructability has gained acceptance throughout the industry; (2) constructability efforts are clearly beginning in early project phases; (3) a wide variety of constructability techniques and new technologies are being implemented; and (4) obstacles to improving constructability remain, but may be changing. Finally, recommendations are provided based on areas where constructability practice can still be improved. This report is relevant to both industry practitioners and researchers. C1 US Air Force Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Pocock, JB (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM james.pocock@usafa.af.mil; steve.kuennen@usafa.af.mil; john.gambatese@oregonstate.edu; jrauschkolb@schnabel-eng.com NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9364 J9 J CONSTR ENG M ASCE JI J. Constr. Eng. Manage.-ASCE PD APR PY 2006 VL 132 IS 4 BP 373 EP 383 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2006)132:4(373) PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 027AC UT WOS:000236383900006 ER PT J AU Klesges, RC DeBon, M Vander Weg, MW Haddock, CK Lando, HA Relyea, GE Peterson, AL Talcott, GW AF Klesges, RC DeBon, M Vander Weg, MW Haddock, CK Lando, HA Relyea, GE Peterson, AL Talcott, GW TI Efficacy of a tailored tobacco control program on long-term use in a population of US military troops SO JOURNAL OF CONSULTING AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE military; smoking cessation; smoking prevention; smokeless tobacco ID SMOKING-CESSATION; INTERVENTIONS; RELAPSE AB The authors evaluated the effect of a brief tailored smoking control intervention delivered during basic military training on tobacco use in a population of military personnel (N = 33,215). Participants were randomized to either a tobacco use intervention (smoking cessation, smokeless tobacco use cessation, or prevention depending on tobacco use history) or a health education control condition. Results indicated that smokers who received intervention were 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04, 1.30) times (7-day point prevalence) and 1.23 (95% Cl = 1.07, 1.41) times (continuous abstinence) more likely to be abstinent than controls from smoking cigarettes at the 1-year follow-up (p <.01); the cessation rate difference was 1.60% (31.09% vs. 29.49%) and 1.73% (15.47% vs. 13.74%) for point prevalence and continuous abstinence, respectively. Additionally, smokeless tobacco users were 1.33 (95% Cl = 1.081 1.63) times more likely than controls (p <.01) to be continuously abstinent at follow-up, an overall cessation rate difference of 5.44% (33.72% vs. 28.28%). The smoking prevention program had no impact on smoking initiation. These results suggest potential for large-scale tobacco control efforts. C1 Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. Univ Memphis, Dept Psychol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Psychol, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Memphis, Ctr Community Hlth, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, Dept Psychol, San Antonio, TX USA. USAF, Brooks AFB, AF Med Operat Agcy, Community Prevent Div, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Klesges, RC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, 66 N Pauline,Suite 633, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. EM bob.klesges@st.jude.org OI Vander Weg, Mark/0000-0003-3631-0812 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL053478] NR 29 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC/EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING FOUNDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0022-006X J9 J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH JI J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 74 IS 2 BP 295 EP 306 DI 10.1037/0022-006X.74.2.295 PG 12 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 044JD UT WOS:000237667500010 PM 16649874 ER PT J AU Wang, SQ Zhang, JZ Markiewicz, RS Giessen, BC AF Wang, SQ Zhang, JZ Markiewicz, RS Giessen, BC TI Fabrication and X-ray characterization of biaxially textured thick film EuBa2Cu3O7-delta homo-substrates SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE biaxial texture; pole figure study; X-ray diffraction; homo-substrate; magnetic field alignment; shape alignment; EuBa2Cu3O7-delta thick film ID C SUPERCONDUCTOR POLYCRYSTALS; CURRENT-DENSITY; ALIGNMENT; DEPOSITION; CONDUCTORS; EU-123 AB To fabricate biaxially textured rare earth (RE) substituted RE-123 thick films as homo-substrates for growth of YBa2CU3O7-delta (YBCO) superconductor epitaxial films, we have initially aligned polycrystalline EuBa2Cu3O7-delta Superconductor using a magnetic force and a mechanical force simultaneously. The structural properties of EuBa2Cu3O7-delta thick films uniaxially aligned by each single force and biaxially aligned by a combination of the two forces were studied for the first time using X-ray diffractometery. We report systematically the structural sample characterization of such EuBa2Cu3O7-delta,5 thick films by X-ray diffraction (XRD), demonstrating the biaxially textured polycrystalline EuBa2Cu3O7-(delta) homo-substrates having substantial biaxial grain alignment with their grain [0 0 1] axes perpendicular to the surfaces of the thick films and [0 1 0] axes parallel to the magnetic field direction in the specimen plane. The biaxial textured thick film homo-substrates are thus formed. This can be seen as establishing a new paradigm in ceramics science. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Chem, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Northeastern Univ, Barnett Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Wang, SQ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM Sheng-Qi.Wang@hanscom.af.mil NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 289 IS 2 BP 527 EP 533 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.11.093 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 027UF UT WOS:000236440400020 ER PT J AU Elhamri, S Mitchel, WC Mitchell, WD Berney, R Landis, GR AF Elhamri, S Mitchel, WC Mitchell, WD Berney, R Landis, GR TI Anisotropy in the quantum lifetime in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Electronic Materials Conference CY JUN, 2005 CL Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA HO Univ Calif Santa Barbara DE AlGaN/GaN; anisotropy; Shubnikov-de Haas; quantum lifetime; photocurrent ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON GASES; HIGH-POWER APPLICATIONS; HIGH LANDAU-LEVELS; PIEZOELECTRIC POLARIZATION; TRANSPORT LIFETIMES; SCATTERING AB Magnetoresistance measurements were performed on van der Pauw shaped AlGaN/GaN heterostructures grown on either sapphire or silicon carbide. These measurements revealed the presence of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations. However, the amplitude of the oscillations originating from perpendicular van der Pauw positions were not isotropic. This anisotropy varied from sample to sample and within a sample its magnitude changed with the carrier density which was modulated by illumination as it induced a persistent photocurrent. The results of this study suggest the anisotropy is either a manifestation of electron density inhomogeneities and/or an indication of a nonuniform scattering mechanism arising from nonuniform interface roughness. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Elhamri, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM said.elhamri@notes.udayton.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 599 EP 604 DI 10.1007/s11664-006-0106-0 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 036UQ UT WOS:000237101800017 ER PT J AU Fang, ZQ Look, DC Krtschil, A Krost, A Khan, FA Adesida, I AF Fang, ZQ Look, DC Krtschil, A Krost, A Khan, FA Adesida, I TI Giant traps on the surface of hydride vapor phase epitaxy-grown free-standing GaN SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Electronic Materials Conference CY JUN, 2005 CL Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA HO Univ Calif Santa Barbara DE free-standing GaN; surface "giant traps"; microcracks; deep level transient spectroscopy; scanning surface potential microscopy ID N-TYPE GAN AB Extended defects on the top surface of a 250-mu m-thick free-standing GaN sample, grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HYPE), were studied by deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and scanning surface potential microscopy (SSPM). For comparison, similar studies were carried out on as-grown HVPE-GaN samples. In addition to the commonly observed traps in as-grown HYPE-GaN, the DLTS measurements on free-standing GaN reveal a very high concentration of deep traps (similar to 1.0 eV) within about 300 nm of the surface. These traps show nonexponential capture kinetics, reminiscent of those associated with large defects, that can accumulate multiple charges. The SSPM measurements clearly reveal the presence of charged microcracks on the top surface of the sample. It appears that the "giant traps" may be associated with these microcracks, but we cannot rule out the involvement of other extended defects associated with the near-surface damage caused by the polishing/etching procedure. C1 Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Otto Von Guericke Univ, Inst Expt Phys, D-39016 Magdeburg, Germany. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Micro & Nanotechnol Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Fang, ZQ (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM zhaoqiang.fang@wright.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 613 EP 617 DI 10.1007/s11664-006-0108-y PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 036UQ UT WOS:000237101800019 ER PT J AU Ryu, MY Yeo, YK Marciniak, MA Zens, TW Moore, EA Hengehold, RL Steiner, TD AF Ryu, MY Yeo, YK Marciniak, MA Zens, TW Moore, EA Hengehold, RL Steiner, TD TI Electrical and optical characterization studies of lower dose Si-implanted AlxGa1-xN SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Electronic Materials Conference CY JUN, 2005 CL Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA HO Univ Calif Santa Barbara DE AlGaN; Hall-effect measurement; photoluminescence (PL); implantation; electrical activation; mobility; silicon ID ION-IMPLANTATION; ACTIVATION EFFICIENCY; P-GAN; TEMPERATURE; ALGAN AB Electrical and optical activation studies of lower dose Si-implanted AlxGa1-xN (x = 0.14 and 0.24) have been made systematically as a function of ion dose and anneal temperature. Silicon ions were implanted at 200 keV with doses ranging from 1 x 10(13) cm(-2) to 1 x 10(14) cm(-2) at room temperature. The samples were proximity cap annealed from 1,100 degrees C to 1,350 degrees C with a 500-angstrom-thick AlN cap in a nitrogen environment. Nearly 100% electrical activation efficiency was obtained for Al0.24Ga0.76N implanted with a dose of 1 x 10(14) cm(-2) after annealing at an optimum temperature around 1,300 degrees C, whereas for lower dose (<= 5 x 10(13) cm(-2)) implanted Al0.24Ga0.76N samples, the electrical activation efficiencies continue to increase with anneal temperature up through 1,350 degrees C. Seventy-six percent electrical activation efficiency was obtained for Al0.14Ga0.86N implanted with a dose of 1 x 10(14) cm(-2) at an optimum anneal temperature of around 1,250 degrees C. The highest mobilities obtained were 89 cm(2)/Vs and 76 cm(2)/Vs for the Al0.14Ga0.86N and Al0.24Ga0.76N, respectively. Consistent with the electrical results, the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of the donor-bound exciton peak increases as the anneal temperature increases from 1,100 degrees C to 1,250 degrees C, indicating an increased implantation damage recovery with anneal temperature. C1 Kangweon Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Chunchon 200701, Kangwon Do, South Korea. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Amer Syst Corp, Dumfries, VA 22026 USA. RP Ryu, MY (reprint author), Kangweon Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Chunchon 200701, Kangwon Do, South Korea. EM yung.yeo@afit.edu NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 647 EP 653 DI 10.1007/s11664-006-0114-0 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 036UQ UT WOS:000237101800025 ER PT J AU Anderson, TJ Ren, F Covert, L Lin, J Pearton, SJ Dalrymple, TW Bozada, C Fitch, RC Moser, N Bedford, RG Schimpf, M AF Anderson, TJ Ren, F Covert, L Lin, J Pearton, SJ Dalrymple, TW Bozada, C Fitch, RC Moser, N Bedford, RG Schimpf, M TI Comparison of laser-wavelength operation for drilling of via holes in AIGaN/GaN HEMTs on SiC substrates SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Electronic Materials Conference CY JUN, 2005 CL Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA HO Univ Calif Santa Barbara DE laser drilling; via holes; SiC; AlGaN/GaN; heterostructures; high electron mobility transistors ID SILICON-CARBIDE; PLASMA; CHEMISTRIES AB By using a frequency-tripled Nd:YVO4 laser source (355 nm) for drilling through-wafer via holes in SiC substrates, we can reduce the surface contamination and achieve better smoothness inside the via holes compared to use of the more common 1064-nm Nd:YVO4 laser. The sheet and contact resistance of AlGaN/GaN HEMT layers grown on SiC substrates were similar after formation of vias by 355-nm laser drilling to those of the undrilled reference sample. By sharp contrast, 1064-nm laser drilling produces significant redepostion of ablated material around the via and degrades the electrical properties of the HEMT layers. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. US Laser Corp, Wyckoff, NJ 07481 USA. RP Anderson, TJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM spear@mse.ufl.edu NR 20 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 675 EP 679 DI 10.1007/s11664-006-0119-8 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 036UQ UT WOS:000237101800030 ER PT J AU Stuart, CH Schwartz, SA Beeson, BJ AF Stuart, CH Schwartz, SA Beeson, BJ TI Reinforcement of immature roots with a new resin filling material SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID MINERAL TRIOXIDE AGGREGATE; FRACTURE-RESISTANCE; CALCIUM HYDROXIDE; PERMANENT TEETH; IN-VITRO; APEXIFICATION; RESTORATION; INCISORS; TOOTH; MODEL AB The purpose of this study was to compare the reinforcement and strengthening ability of Resilon, guttapercha, and a self-curing composite resin (Bisfil 2B) in endodontically treated roots of immature teeth. Sixty single rooted teeth were divided into five groups of 12 teeth each. Teeth in all groups except the negative controls were prepared with a #5 Peeso (1.5 mm) through the apex (simulating immature roots) and root ends were filled with a 4 mm barrier of MTA. After smear layer removal, canals in the three experimental groups were backfilled with gutta-percha, Resilon, or Bisfil 2B. The remaining canal space in the positive control group was left unfilled. Negative controls received no treatment. A horizontal fracture was created in the root of each specimen using an Instron and the mean peak loads to fracture were recorded. ANOVA revealed no significant difference between any of the treatment groups. Based on the results of this study, canal wall reinforcement of teeth with a canal diameter of 1.5 mm or less may not be necessary. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Endodont, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Endodont, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Stuart, CH (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Endodont, 2450 Pepperrell St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM charles.stuart@lackland.af.mil NR 23 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD APR PY 2006 VL 32 IS 4 BP 350 EP 353 DI 10.1016/j.joen.2005.08.001 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 029VR UT WOS:000236593000017 PM 16554210 ER PT J AU Lee, H Mall, S AF Lee, H Mall, S TI Investigation into tangential force and axial stress effects on fretting fatigue behavior SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID INDEPENDENT PAD DISPLACEMENT; CONTACT; TI-6AL-4V; STRIP; SLIP AB Fretting fatigue behavior of a titanium alloy was investigated using a dual actuator test setup which was capable to apply the pad displacement independent of the applied cyclic load on specimen. Fretting fatigue tests were conducted using this setup with a phase difference between cyclic load on the specimen and tangential force on the fretting pad with cylinder-on-flat contact configuration under partial slip condition. Two axial stress ran. os were used. The relative slip range and tangential force range were related to each other and this relationship was not influenced by phase difference, axial stress ratio, and contact load under the partial slip condition. Change in the phase difference caused the change in relative slip as well as tangential force for a given applied pad displacement and axial load. However there was no effect of phase difference on fretting fatigue life at a given relative slip level. Fretting fatigue tests with a fully reversed axial stress showed longer fatigue life than tension-tension counterparts at a given relative slip, tangential force range, and axial stress range. Finite element analysis was conducted by including the complete load history effects, which showed that stress distribution on the contact surface stabilized after the first fatigue cycle. Unlike relative slip and/or tangential force range, a critical plane-based parameter appears to take into account the stress ratio effects to characterize fretting fatigue behavior. C1 USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Andong Natl Univ, Sch Adv Mat Engn, Andong 760749, Gyungbuk, South Korea. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, ENY, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2006 VL 128 IS 2 BP 202 EP 209 DI 10.1115/1.2172624 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 028ZC UT WOS:000236526300011 ER PT J AU Hu, JJ Sanders, JH Zabinski, JS AF Hu, JJ Sanders, JH Zabinski, JS TI Synthesis and microstructural characterization of inorganic fullerene-like MoS2 and graphite-MoS2 hybrid nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY; WALLED CARBON NANOHORNS; ARC-DISCHARGE; GAS INJECTION; SUBMERGED-ARC; WATER METHOD; NANOTUBES; WS2; ENCAPSULATION; NANOCRYSTALS AB The structures of inorganic fullerene-like (IF) MoS2 nanoparticles produced by arc discharge in water are reported in this paper. To adjust the chemistry and structure of IF nanoparticles, 2H-MoS2, graphite and composite 2H-MoS2/graphite rods were used as electrodes in the arc synthesis. In comparison to using MoS2 as both anode and cathode, mixed electrodes (graphite and MoS2) significantly increased the discharge current. Various IF-MoS2 nanoparticles were successfully produced by the water-based arc method, and their microstructures were studied using a transmission electron microscope equipped with an x-ray energy dispersive spectrometer. The IF-MoS2 nanoparticles commonly had a solid core wrapped with a few MoS2 layers and exhibit some differences in size and geometry. The IF-MoS2 nanoparticles were typically 5-30 nm in diameter as observed by transmission electron microscopy. Tiny IF-MoS2 nanoparticles (< 10 nm) along with fragments of lamellar MoS2 were produced from arc discharge in water using both graphite and MoS2 electrodes. Carbon nano-onions and hybrid nanoparticles consisting of carbon and MoS2 were synthesized by using mixed electrodes of graphite and 2H-MoS2. The hybrid nanoparticles were MoS2 cores covered by a graphite shell. Our results show that the water-based arc method provides a simple tool for producing a variety of nanoparticles including some familiar and some new hybrid structures. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLBT, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Hu, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLBT, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM jianjun.hu@wpafb.af.mil NR 36 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 48 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD APR PY 2006 VL 21 IS 4 BP 1033 EP 1040 DI 10.1557/JMR.2006.0118 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 031SE UT WOS:000236723500029 ER PT J AU Davidson, SA Gilkey, RH Colburn, HS Carney, LH AF Davidson, SA Gilkey, RH Colburn, HS Carney, LH TI Binaural detection with narrowband and wideband reproducible noise maskers. III. Monaural and diotic detection and model results SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MASKING-LEVEL DIFFERENCES; AUDITORY-NERVE FIBERS; INTERAURAL PHASE; SIGNAL-DETECTION; FILTER SHAPES; TONE; DISCRIMINATION; FREQUENCIES; INTENSITY; THRESHOLD AB A single-interval, yes-no, tone-in-noise detection experiment was conducted to measure the proportion of "tone present" responses to each of 25 reproducible noise-alone and tone-plus-noise waveforms under narrowband (100 Hz), wideband (2900 Hz), monotic, and diotic stimulus conditions. Proportions of "tone present" responses (estimates of the probabilities of hits and false alarms) were correlated across masker bandwidths and across monotic and diotic conditions. Two categories of models were considered; one based on stimulus energy or neural counts, and another based on temporal structure of the stimulus envelope or neural patterns. Both categories gave significant correlation between decision variables and data. A model based on a weighted combination of energy in multiple critical bands performed best, predicting up to 90% of the variance in the reproducible-noise data. However, since energy-based models are unable to successfully explain detection under a roving-level paradigm without substantial modification, it is argued that other variations of detection models must be considered for future study. Temporal models are resistant to changes in threshold under roving-level conditions, but explained at most only 67% of the variance in the reproducible-noise data. (c) 2006 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Syracuse Univ, Dept Biomed & Chem Engn, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Syracuse Univ, Inst Sensory Res, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Boston Univ, Hearing Res Ctr, Dept Biomed Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Syracuse Univ, Dept Biomed & Chem Engn, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 621 Skytop Rd, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. FU NIDCD NIH HHS [R01 DC001641, R01 DC00100]; PHS HHS [R01-01641] NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2006 VL 119 IS 4 BP 2258 EP 2275 DI 10.1121/1.2177583 PG 18 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 033SG UT WOS:000236868900041 PM 16642840 ER PT J AU Brungart, DS Iyer, N Simpson, BD AF Brungart, DS Iyer, N Simpson, BD TI Monaural speech segregation using synthetic speech signals SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACROSS-EAR INTERFERENCE; 2 SIMULTANEOUS TALKERS; PARTY LISTENING TASK; FUNDAMENTAL-FREQUENCY; INFORMATIONAL MASKING; ENERGETIC MASKING; PERCEPTUAL SEPARATION; SINE-WAVE; RECOGNITION; STIMULATION AB When listening to natural speech, listeners are fairly adept at using cues such as pitch, vocal tract length, prosody, and level differences to extract a target speech signal from an interfering speech masker. However, little is known about the cues that listeners might use to segregate synthetic speech signals that retain the intelligibility characteristics of speech but lack many of the features that listeners normally use to segregate competing talkers. In this experiment, intelligibility was measured in a diotic listening task that required the segregation of two simultaneously presented synthetic sentences. Three types of synthetic signals were created: (1) sine-wave speech (SWS); (2) modulated noise-band speech (MNB); and (3) modulated sine-band speech (MSB). The listeners performed worse for all three types of synthetic signals than they did with natural speech signals, particularly at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values. Of the three synthetic signals, the results indicate that SWS signals preserve more of the voice characteristics used for speech segregation than MNB and MSB signals. These findings have implications for cochlear implant users, who rely on signals very similar to MNB speech and thus are likely to have difficulty understanding speech in cocktail-party listening environments. (c) 2006 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM nandini.iyer@wpafb.af.mil RI Imhof, Margarete/F-8471-2011 NR 31 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2006 VL 119 IS 4 BP 2327 EP 2333 DI 10.1121/.1.2170030 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 033SG UT WOS:000236868900047 PM 16642846 ER PT J AU Parthasarathy, TA Cinibulk, MK Zawada, LP AF Parthasarathy, TA Cinibulk, MK Zawada, LP TI Combined effect of salt water and high-temperature exposure on the strength retention of Nextel (TM) 720 fibers and Nextel (TM) 720-aluminosilicate composites SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE; NACL WATER; CORROSION; MATRIX; OXIDATION AB The relative contribution of fiber strength loss to reported degradation in the mechanical behavior of Nextel (TM) 720-aluminosilicate composites after exposure to salt fog (ASTM B117) was explored. Single filament tension tests were performed on Nextel (TM) 720 (3M, Inc., Minneapolis, MN) fibers after immersion in NaCl solutions followed by high-temperature exposure in air. The results were compared with the behavior of control specimens which received high-temperature exposure but were not immersed in NaCl solution. There was no degradation in fiber strengths for NaCl solutions below 1 wt%. However, significant degradation was observed at 5 wt% NaCl upon exposure to temperatures between 900 degrees and 1150 degrees C, while no degradation was observed upon an exposure to 1200 degrees C. The relative contribution of fiber strength loss to composite degradation was estimated as nearly 50%, indicating that both fibers and matrix/interface degrade from exposure to salt water. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy of the exposed fibers and composites were conducted to help rationalize the observations. Microstructure of degraded fibers showed presence of Na at grain boundaries near the surface, without any evidence of a crystalline phase, indicating weakening from segregation or formation of an amorphous phase. The degraded composites showed that matrix and fiber/matrix interfaces had Na rich regions/phases. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Parthasarathy, TA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Triplicane.Parthasarathy@wpafb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD APR PY 2006 VL 89 IS 4 BP 1373 EP 1379 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00906.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 024DM UT WOS:000236175200031 ER PT J AU Scribben, AR Ng, W Burdisso, R AF Scribben, AR Ng, W Burdisso, R TI Effectiveness of a serpentine inlet duct flow control technique at design and off-design simulated flight conditions SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA AB An experimental investigation was conducted in a static ground test facility to determine the effectiveness of a serpentine inlet duct active flow control technique for two simulated flight conditions. The experiments used a scaled model of a compact, diffusing, serpentine, engine inlet duct developed by Lockheed Martin with a flow control technique using air injection through microjets at 1% of the inlet mass flow rate. The experimental results, in the form of total pressure measurements at the exit of the inlet, were used to predict the stability of a compression system through a parallel compressor model. The inlet duct was tested at cruise condition and angle of attack flight cases to determine the change in inlet performance due to flow control at different flight conditions. The experiments were run at all inlet throat Mach number of 0.55 and a resulting Revnolds number based oil the hydraulic diameter at the inlet throat, of 1.76* 10(5). For both of the flight conditions tested, the flow control technique was found to reduce inlet distortion at the exit of the inlet by as much as 70% while increasing total pressure recovery by as much as 2%. The inlet total pressure profile was input in a parallel compressor model to predict the changes in stability margin of a compression system due to flow control for design and off-design flight conditions. Without flow, control, both cases show a reduction in stability margin of 70%. With the addition of flow control, each case was able to recover a significant portion (up to 55%) of the undistorted stability margin. This flow control technique has improved the operating range of a compression system as compared to the same inlet duct without flow control. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Engn Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Scribben, AR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Ng, Wing/F-2447-2014 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2006 VL 128 IS 2 BP 332 EP 339 DI 10.1115/1.2098787 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 041NP UT WOS:000237463200013 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Corbett, MW Fagin, PN Salishchev, GA Lee, CS AF Semiatin, SL Corbett, MW Fagin, PN Salishchev, GA Lee, CS TI Dynamic-coarsening behavior of an alpha/beta titanium alloy SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE DIFFUSION PROBLEM; SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION; HOT-WORKING; STATIC GLOBULARIZATION; TI-6AL-4V ALLOY; HEAT-TREATMENT; FLOW BEHAVIOR; KINETICS; MICROSTRUCTURE; PRECIPITATION AB The dynamic-coarsening behavior of Ti-6Al-4V with an equiaxed alpha microstructure was established via isothermal hot-cornpression testing of cylindrical samples cut from an Ultra-fine-grain-size (UFG) billet. Compression experiments were conducted at 900 and 955 degrees C, strain rates between 10(-4) and 1 s-(1), and imposed true strains between 0 and 1.4. Following deformation, quantitative metallography revealed marked coarsening of the primary alpha particles at low strain rates (10(-4) and 10(-3) s(-1)). The dynamic-coarsening rate followed r(n) vs time kinetics, in which it was between 2 and 3, or behavior between those of bulk-diffusion and interface-reaction controlled. An examination of the temperature and strain-rate dependence of theoretical coarsening rates, however, strongly suggested that bulk diffusion (with n = 3) was more important. The dynamic-coarsening behavior was also interpreted in the context of the observed plastic-flow behavior. At low strain rates, high values of the strain-rate sensitivity (m > 0.5) and the overall shape of to,, stress-log strain rate plots indicated that the majority of the imposed strain was accommodated by grain-boundary sliding (gbs) and only a small amount via dislocation glide/climb processes. In addition, an analysis of the flow hardening that accompanied dynamic coarsening indicated that the flow stress varied approximately linearly with the alpha particle size, thus providing support for models based on gbs accommodation by dislocation activity in grain-mantle regions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Mat & Proc Div, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Inst Met Superplast Problems, Ufa 450001, Russia. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lee.semiatin@wpafb.af.mil RI Lee, Chong Soo/F-5814-2013; Salishchev, Gennady/G-4767-2016; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 OI Salishchev, Gennady/0000-0002-0815-3525; NR 39 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 24 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 37A IS 4 BP 1125 EP 1136 DI 10.1007/s11661-006-1091-x PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 034VY UT WOS:000236959900004 ER PT J AU Morrison, ML Buchanan, RA Senkov, ON Miracle, DB Liaw, PK AF Morrison, ML Buchanan, RA Senkov, ON Miracle, DB Liaw, PK TI Electrochemical behavior of Ca-based bulk metallic glasses SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CORROSION BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS AB Since 2002, numerous Ca-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) alloys have been discovered. These BMG alloys are of interest because of their low densities and costs; however, few studies have examined the properties of these novel materials. In this study, the thermophysical and electrochemical behavior of three Ca-based BMGs was examined and compared to a crystalline, Mg-based alloy. Cyclic-anodic polarization tests were conducted in a 0.05 M Na2SO4 electrolyte, and posttest analyses by scanning electron microscopy were conducted to assess the damage to the exposed surfaces. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Smith & Nephew Inc, Memphis, TN 38116 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Mat & Proc Div, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Morrison, ML (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 434 Dougherty Engn Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM mark.morrison@smith-nephew.com RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012; OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X; Morrison, Mark/0000-0003-1956-0932 NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 11 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 37A IS 4 BP 1239 EP 1245 DI 10.1007/s11661-006-1075-x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 034VY UT WOS:000236959900015 ER PT J AU LeMieux, MC McConney, ME Lin, YH Singamaneni, S Jiang, H Bunning, TJ Tsukruk, VV AF LeMieux, MC McConney, ME Lin, YH Singamaneni, S Jiang, H Bunning, TJ Tsukruk, VV TI Polymeric nanolayers as actuators for ultrasensitive thermal bimorphs SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY; SURFACE STRESS; FILMS; DETECTORS; MICROCANTILEVERS; PERFORMANCE; CANTILEVERS; SCIENCE; SENSORS; TRENDS AB Polymeric nanolayers are introduced here as active, thermal-stress mediating structures facilitating extremely sensitive thermal detection based upon the thermomechanical response of a bimaterial polymer-silicon microcantilever. To maximize the bimaterial bending effect, the microcantilever bimorph is composed of stiff polysilicon, with a strongly adhered polymer deposited via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The polymer layers with thickness ranging from 20 to 200 nm possess a rapid and pronounced response to temperature fluctuations due to intrinsic sensitive thermal behavior. We show that by taking advantage of the thermal stresses generated by the huge mismatch of material properties in the polymer-silicon bimorph, unprecedented thermal sensitivities can be achieved. In fact, the temperature resolution of our bimaterial microcantilevers approaches 0.2 mK with thermal sensitivity reaching 2 nm/mK; both parameters are more than an order of magnitude better than the current metal-ceramic design. This new hybrid platform overcomes the inherently limited sensitivity of current sensor designs and provides the basis to develop the ultimate uncooled IR microsensor with unsurpassable sensitivity. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tsukruk, VV (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM vladimir@iastate.edu RI Singamaneni, Srikanth/A-8010-2008; McConney, Michael/A-1680-2011 NR 40 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 5 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD APR PY 2006 VL 6 IS 4 BP 730 EP 734 DI 10.1021/nl0525305 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 034GE UT WOS:000236916200026 PM 16608273 ER PT J AU Sedarsky, DL Paciaroni, ME Linne, MA Gord, JR Meyer, TR AF Sedarsky, DL Paciaroni, ME Linne, MA Gord, JR Meyer, TR TI Velocity imaging for the liquid-gas interface in the near field of an atomizing spray: proof of concept SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FLOW; VELOCIMETRY AB We describe adaptation of ballistic imaging for the liquid core of an atomizing spray. To describe unambiguously the forces that act to break apart the liquid core in a spray, one must directly measure the force vectors themselves. It would be invaluable, therefore, to obtain velocity and acceleration data at the liquid-gas interface. We employ double-image ballistic imaging to extract velocity information through the application of image analysis algorithms. This method is shown to be effective for liquid phase droplet features within the resolution limit of the imaging system. In light of these results, it is clear that a three- or four-image implementation of this technique would allow the determination of acceleration, and by extension, information about the forces active in spray breakup. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Lund Inst Technol, Dept Combust Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Sedarsky, DL (reprint author), Lund Inst Technol, Dept Combust Phys, Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. EM mark.linne@forbrf.lth.se RI Meyer, Terrence/F-1556-2011; Paciaroni, Megan/L-9619-2013; OI Paciaroni, Megan/0000-0002-6320-0291; Sedarsky, David/0000-0003-3012-9596 NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 7 BP 906 EP 908 DI 10.1364/OL.31.000906 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 026QV UT WOS:000236358100018 PM 16599207 ER PT J AU Carns, JL Cook, G Saleh, MA Serak, SV Tabiryan, NV Evans, DR AF Carns, JL Cook, G Saleh, MA Serak, SV Tabiryan, NV Evans, DR TI Self-activated liquid-crystal cells with photovoltaic substrates SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION RINGS; LITHIUM-NIOBATE; LASER-BEAM; FILM AB We show that photovoltaic fields are capable of efficiently reorienting liquid crystals, leading to new concepts of optically addressable light modulators. Using an arrangement consisting of a liquid-crystal layer between LiNbO3:Fe photovoltaic substrates, we observed spatial filtering due to self-phase modulation in a planar-oriented cell and nonlinear transmission between crossed polarizers in a twist-oriented cell. These processes do not require an external electric field. The substrates are arranged such that light propagates along the +c axis in each substrate, allowing a secondary process of power transfer to occur through contradirectional photorefractive two-beam coupling. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. BEAM Engn Adv Measurements Co, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. RP Evans, DR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dean.evans@wpafb.af.mil NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 7 BP 993 EP 995 DI 10.1364/OL.31.000993 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 026QV UT WOS:000236358100047 PM 16599235 ER PT J AU Michaelson, PG AF Michaelson, PG TI Research: The inconspicuous, salient pillar of residency. One resident's perspective for prospective resident researchers SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Michaelson, PG (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 59th Med Def Wing,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM peter.michaelson@lackland.af.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD APR PY 2006 VL 134 IS 4 BP 539 EP 541 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2005.11.032 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 031MQ UT WOS:000236709100001 PM 16564368 ER PT J AU Rao, SI Parthasarathy, TA Dimiduk, DM Hazzledine, PM AF Rao, SI Parthasarathy, TA Dimiduk, DM Hazzledine, PM TI Discrete dislocation simulations of precipitation hardening in inverse superalloys SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISORDERED GAMMA-PARTICLES AB The low-temperature yield stress of a gamma' (Ni3Al) matrix-gamma (Ni) precipitate 'inverse' superalloy, containing 40% Ni precipitates (gamma), is calculated by discrete-dislocation simulations. Two different precipitate sizes and two anti-phase boundary energies are considered. The results of these simulations are compared with corresponding results from gamma-gamma' superalloys (S. Rao, T. A. Parthasarathy, D. Dimiduk, et al., Phil. Mag. 84 3195 (2004)). In general, the results show that precipitation hardening in inverse superalloys is weaker than for regular superalloys. Similar to studies of superalloys, many of these results can be rationalized from the results of simulations on simple homogenized precipitate structures. The Hirsch, Kelly and Ardell precipitation-strengthening model (Metall. Trans. A 16 2131 (1985); Phil. Mag. 12 881 (1965); Trans. Jpn. Inst. Metals 9 1403 (1968).), developed for low-stacking-fault-energy spherical precipitates in a high-stacking-fault-energy matrix, adapted for inverse superalloys, shows qualitative agreement with the simulation results for spherical gamma precipitates. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. AFRL MLLM, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rao, SI (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM Satish.Rao@wpafb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PD APR PY 2006 VL 86 IS 4 BP 215 EP 225 DI 10.1080/09500830600618215 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 040RM UT WOS:000237398100002 ER PT J AU Zvanut, ME Lee, W Mitchel, WC Mitchell, WD Landis, G AF Zvanut, ME Lee, W Mitchel, WC Mitchell, WD Landis, G TI The acceptor level for vanadium in 4H and 6H SiC SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors CY JUL 24-29, 2005 CL Awaji Isl, JAPAN DE SiC; EPR; semi-insulating; vanadium; carbon vacancy ID RESONANCE AB Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and temperature-dependent Hall measurements were performed on seven different vanadiumdoped semi-insulating SiC samples. Comparison of the EPR data and carrier activation energy suggests that the acceptor level for vanadium is 1.1 eV below the conduction band edge (E-c) in 4H SiC and within 0.86 of Ec in the 6H polytype. Photo-induced EPR results support the level assignments. However, analysis of the V4+ spectra in 4H samples suggests that the dominant vanadium EPR signal monitored in the 4H samples used for this experiment does not represent a simple isolated impurity. Rather, the results reflect a strained or complex defect. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35244 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zvanut, ME (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, 1530 3rd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35244 USA. EM mezvanut@uab.edu NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 376 BP 346 EP 349 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2005.12.089 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 039TH UT WOS:000237329500086 ER PT J AU Krtschil, A Look, DC Fang, ZQ Dadgar, A Diez, A Krost, A AF Krtschil, A Look, DC Fang, ZQ Dadgar, A Diez, A Krost, A TI Local p-type conductivity in n-GaN and n-ZnO layers due to inhornogeneous dopant incorporation SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors CY JUL 24-29, 2005 CL Awaji Isl, JAPAN DE defects; conductivity domains; mixed conductivity; p-type ZnO ID INGAN/GAN LIGHT EMITTERS; SI(111) AB We report on scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) investigations of Fe-doped GaN and nitrogen-doped ZnO layers. Macroscopically, these samples electrically behave in conventional I-V and C-V measurements like semi-insulating or n-type material, respectively. However, in SCM we found local p-type regions surrounded by an n-type matrix instead of homogeneous and uniform layer conductivity. A comparison with topography reveales that these p-type islands with extensions in the micrometer scale exclusively appear in the vicinity of structural defects and grain boundaries. This doping related effect is discussed in terms of selective dopant incorporation at these defects. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Magdeburg, Inst Expt Phys, D-39016 Magdeburg, Germany. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Krtschil, A (reprint author), Univ Magdeburg, Inst Expt Phys, POB 4120, D-39016 Magdeburg, Germany. EM andre.krtschil@physik.uni-magdeburg.de RI Dadgar, Armin/F-1374-2013 OI Dadgar, Armin/0000-0002-4174-1169 NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 376 BP 703 EP 706 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2005.12.176 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 039TH UT WOS:000237329500173 ER PT J AU Baily, SA Emin, D AF Baily, SA Emin, D TI Transport properties of amorphous antimony telluride SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SB2TE3 THIN-FILMS; SMALL-POLARON; THERMOELECTRIC-POWER; CHALCOGENIDE GLASSES; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRONIC TRANSPORT; ADIABATIC THEORY; MOBILITY EDGE; HALL MOBILITY; MOTION AB The electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and Hall coefficient of micron thick films of amorphous Sb2Te3 have been measured as functions of temperature from room temperature down to as low as 200 K. The electrical conductivity manifests an Arrhenius behavior with a pre-exponential factor that is larger than that of a conventional semiconductor. The Seebeck coefficient is p type. Unlike a conventional semiconductor, the energy characterizing the Seebeck coefficient's temperature dependence, about 0.10 eV, is considerably smaller than the activation energy of the electrical conductivity, about 0.28 eV. In addition, the heat-of-transport constant of the Seebeck coefficient is much larger than that of conventional semiconductors. The Hall mobility is low (near 0.1 cm(2)/V s at room temperature), anomalously signed (n-type), and increases with rising temperature with an activation energy of about 0.05 eV. These results are consistent with the charge carriers being holelike small polarons that move by thermally assisted hopping. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM sbaily@unm.edu NR 49 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2006 VL 73 IS 16 AR 165211 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.165211 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 037OG UT WOS:000237155800052 ER PT J AU Piva, SR Fitzgerald, K Irrgang, JJ Jones, S Hando, BR Browder, DA D Childs, J AF Piva, Sara R. Fitzgerald, Kelley Irrgang, James J. Jones, Scott Hando, Benjamin R. Browder, David A. D Childs, John TI Reliability of measures of impairments associated with patellofemoral pain syndrome SO BMC MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID ANTERIOR KNEE PAIN; ANKLE JOINT DORSIFLEXION; INTRINSIC RISK-FACTORS; STRAIGHT-LEG RAISE; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; CHONDROMALACIA PATELLAE; ATHLETIC POPULATION; DISTANCE RUNNERS; HEALTH-STATUS; NORMAL RANGE AB Background: The reliability and measurement error of several impairment measures used during the clinical examination of patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) has not been established. The purpose was to determine the inter-tester reliability and measurement error of measures of impairments associated with PFPS in patients with PFPS. Methods: A single group repeated measures design was used. Two pairs of physical therapists participated in data collection. Examiners were blinded to each others' measurements. Results: Thirty patients (age 29 +/- 8; 17 female) with PFPS participated in this study. Inter-tester reliability coefficients were substantial for measures of hamstrings, quadriceps, plantarflexors, and ITB/TFL complex length, hip abductors strength, and foot pronation (ICCs from .85 to .97); moderate for measures of Q-angle, tibial torsion, hip external rotation strength, lateral retinacular tightness, and quality of movement during a step down task (ICCs from .67 to .79); and poor for femoral anteversion (ICC of .45). Standard error of measurement (SEM) for measures of muscle length ranged from 1.6 degrees to 4.3 degrees. SEM for Q-angle, tibial torsion, and femoral anteversion were 2.4 degrees, 2.9 degrees, and 4.5 degrees respectively. SEM for foot pronation was 1 mm. SEM for measures of muscle strength was 1.8 Kg for abduction and 2.4 Kg for external rotation. Conclusion: Several of the impairments associated with PFPS had sufficient reliability and low measurement error. Further investigation is needed to test if these impairment measurements are related to physical function and whether or not they are useful for decision-making. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Dept Phys Therapy, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Ramstein Outpatient Phys Med Clin, Ramstein AFB, Germany. Eglin Reg Hosp, Eglin AFB, FL USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. USA, Baylor Univ Doctoral Program Phys Therapy, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Piva, SR (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Dept Phys Therapy, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM spiva@shrs.pitt.edu; kfitzger@pitt.edu; irrgangjj@upmc.edu; scott.jones1@ramstein.af.mil; benjamin.hando@lackland.af.mil; david.browder@lackland.af.mil; childsjd@sbcglobal.net NR 66 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 16 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2474 J9 BMC MUSCULOSKEL DIS JI BMC Musculoskelet. Disord. PD MAR 31 PY 2006 VL 7 AR 33 DI 10.1186/1471-2474-7-33 PG 13 WC Orthopedics; Rheumatology SC Orthopedics; Rheumatology GA 078PO UT WOS:000240115900001 PM 16579850 ER PT J AU Steel, KE Roman-Gonzalez, J O'Bryan, CL AF Steel, KE Roman-Gonzalez, J O'Bryan, CL TI Severe left atrial edema and heart failure after atrial fibrillation ablation SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Steel, KE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, 759 MSGS MCCC,2200 Berquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Kevin.Steel@lackland.af.mil NR 0 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAR 28 PY 2006 VL 113 IS 12 BP E659 EP E659 DI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.562959 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 025UO UT WOS:000236292600016 PM 16567573 ER PT J AU Van Doren, JM Friedman, JF Miller, TM Viggiano, AA Denifl, S Scheier, P Mark, TD Troe, J AF Van Doren, JM Friedman, JF Miller, TM Viggiano, AA Denifl, S Scheier, P Mark, TD Troe, J TI Electron attachment to POCl3: Measurement and theoretical analysis of rate constants and branching ratios as a function of gas pressure and temperature, electron temperature, and electron energy SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID UNIMOLECULAR BOND FISSION; COLLISIONAL TRANSITION PROBABILITIES; STATISTICAL ADIABATIC CHANNEL; LANGMUIR PROBE TECHNIQUE; DISSOCIATION; DEACTIVATION; COMPETITION; MOLECULES; DYNAMICS; CAPTURE AB Two experimental techniques, electron swarm and electron beam, have been applied to the problem of electron attachment to POCl3, with results indicating that there is a competition between dissociation of the resonant POCl3-* state and collisional stabilization of the parent anion. In the electron beam experiment at zero electron energy, the fragment ion POCl2- is the dominant ion product of attachment (96%), under single-collision conditions. Small amounts (similar to 2% each) of POCl3- and Cl- were observed. POCl3- and POCl2- ion products were observed only at zero electron energy, but higher-energy resonances were recorded for POCl-, Cl-, and Cl-2(-) ion products. In the electron swarm experiment, which was carried out in 0.4-7 Torr of He buffer gas, the parent anion branching ratio increased significantly with pressure and decreased with temperature. The electron attachment rate constant at 297 K was measured to be (2.5 +/- 0.6)x10(-7) cm(3) s(-1), with ion products POCl2- (71%) and POCl3- (29%) in 1 Torr of He gas. The rate constant decreased as the electron temperature was increased above 1500 K. Theory is developed for (a) the unimolecular dissociation of the nascent POCl3-* and (b) a stepladder collisional stabilization mechanism using the average energy transferred per collision as a parameter. These ideas were then used to model the experimental data. The modeling showed that D-0(o)(Cl-POCl2-) and EA(POCl3) must be the same within +/- 0.03 eV. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Kirtland Air Force Base, Directed Energy Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Leopold Franzen Univ, Inst Ionenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), Coll Holy Cross, Dept Chem, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. EM albert.viggiano@hanscom.af.mil RI Mark, Tilmann/J-1650-2014; Scheier, Paul/E-3088-2010; Denifl, Stephan/R-1291-2016 OI Denifl, Stephan/0000-0001-6072-2070 NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 28 PY 2006 VL 124 IS 12 AR 124322 DI 10.1063/1.2176613 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 028CP UT WOS:000236464000036 PM 16599689 ER PT J AU Leiweke, RJ Ganguly, BN AF Leiweke, RJ Ganguly, BN TI Temperature measurement in a high pressure dielectric barrier discharge using pressure induced line broadening and frequency shift SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIODE-LASER; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY AB We have demonstrated two gas temperature measurement methods which are applicable to high pressure discharges where the pressure induced line broadening and frequency shift dominate over thermal broadening of atomic transitions. We have used diode-laser absorption spectroscopic measurements of argon 1s(3)-> 2p(2) transition Doppler linewidth, Lorentzian broadening, and frequency shift to measure gas temperature in a dielectric barrier discharge operating from 5 up to 500 Torr with temperature rise less than 100 K. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Leiweke, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM biswa.ganguly@wpafb.af.mil NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 27 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 13 AR 131501 DI 10.1063/1.2190453 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 028CW UT WOS:000236465100016 ER PT J AU Chiu, YH Gaeta, G Heine, T Dressler, RA Levandier, DJ AF Chiu, Yu-Hui Gaeta, Geraldine Heine, Thomas Dressler, Rainer A. Levandier, Dale J. TI Ionic liquids for space propulsion SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Boston, MA USA. EM Hui.Chiu@Hanscom.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 257-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904842 ER PT J AU Dang, TD Bai, ZW Yoonessi, M Durstock, MF Shumaker, J AF Dang, Thuy D. Bai, Zongwu Yoonessi, Mitra Durstock, Michael F. Shumaker, Joseph TI Fluorinated polyarylenethioethersulfone polymers with sulfonic acid pendants for proton exchange membranes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Mat & Mfg Technol Directorate, AFRL, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM thuy.dang@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 106-POLY PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125909617 ER PT J AU de la Mora, JF Castro, S Martino, W Yoshida, Y Saito, G Wilkes, JS AF de la Mora, Juan Fernandez Castro, Segio Martino, William Yoshida, Yukihiro Saito, G. Wilkes, John S. TI Taylor cones of ionic liquids as ion sources in vacuum: The role of electrical conductivity and surface tension SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Kyoto Univ, Div Chem, Kyoto, Japan. USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO USA. EM juan.delamora@yale.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 258-IEC PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904843 ER PT J AU Feeney, BT Creech, DA AF Feeney, Benjamin T. Creech, Dustin A. TI Binding of opioid receptors in poppy tissue SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM C06Benjamin.Feeney@usafa.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 648-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125901639 ER PT J AU Fox, DM Green, JM Bellayer, S Gilman, JW Phillips, DM Mantz, RA Trulove, PC De Long, HC AF Fox, Douglas M. Green, John Marshall, III Bellayer, Severine Gilman, Jeffrey W., Sr. Phillips, David M. Mantz, Robert A. Trulove, Paul C. De Long, Hugh C. TI The preparation of Bombyx Mori silk nanocomposites using room temperature ionic liquids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Directorate Chem & Life Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dfox@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 109-IEC PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904695 ER PT J AU Hawkins, TW Drake, GW AF Hawkins, Tommy W. Drake, Gregory W. TI Research and development of energetic ionic liquids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM tommy.hawkins@edwards.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 263-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904848 ER PT J AU Iacono, ST Perpall, MW Wapner, PG Hoffman, WP Smith, DW AF Iacono, Scott T. Perpall, Mark W. Wapner, Phillip G. Hoffman, Wesley P. Smith, Dennis W., Jr. TI Carbonization studies of glassy carbon derived from bis-ortho-diynylarenes (BODA) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Clemson Univ, Adv Mat Res Lab, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Clemson Univ, COMSET, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. EM siacono@clemson.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 86-POLY PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125909596 ER PT J AU Iacono, ST Grabow, W Vij, A Mabry, JM Smith, DW AF Iacono, Scott T. Grabow, Wade Vij, Ashwani Mabry, Joseph M. Smith, Dennis W., Jr. TI Synthesis and characterization of fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Adv Mat Res Lab, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, PRSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. EM siacono@clemson.edu RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012 OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 40-INOR PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125905040 ER PT J AU Lyuksyutov, SF Paramonov, PB Mayevska, OV Vaia, R Juhl, S Umemura, K Tobari, H Hara, M AF Lyuksyutov, Sergei F. Paramonov, Pavel B. Mayevska, Olga V. Vaia, Richard Juhl, Shane Umemura, Kazuo Tobari, Hiroaki Hara, Masahiko TI High resolution patterning in organo-mercaptan self-assembled monolayers using electrostatic nanolithography SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Akron, Dept Phys, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Chem, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Washington, DC USA. Musashi Inst Technol, Tokyo 1588557, Japan. EM sfl@physics.uakron.edu RI Paramonov, Pavel/I-6090-2013 OI Paramonov, Pavel/0000-0002-3163-4319 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 26-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125903026 ER PT J AU Mabry, JM Haddad, TS AF Mabry, Joseph M. Haddad, Timothy S. TI Polymer nanocomposites designed with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) and plastics SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRSM, Edwards AFB, CA USA. EM joseph.mabry@edwards.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 211-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125909721 ER PT J AU Martinez, BR Rauch, ME Racicot, RJ AF Martinez, Brandon R. Rauch, Michelle E. Racicot, Robert J. TI Sulfur compound degradation by a Bacillus licheniformis strain isolated from USAF aviation fuel SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM C07Brandon.Martinez@usafa.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 790-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125902112 ER PT J AU Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL Wofford, J Lloyd, P Beckel, ER Bunning, TJ AF Natarajan, L. V. Tondiglia, V. P. Sutherland, Richard L. Wofford, J. Lloyd, Pamela Beckel, Eric R. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Patterning with holographic photopolymerization SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. UES, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 180-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125909177 ER PT J AU Pachter, R Duan, X Farmer, BL Brewer, KJ AF Pachter, R. Duan, X. Farmer, B. L. Brewer, K. J. TI Mixed-metal supramolecular complexes: A TDDFT study SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA USA. EM Ruth.Pachter@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 183-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125905182 ER PT J AU Phillips, DM Drummy, LF Naik, RR Trulove, PC De Long, HC Mantz, RA AF Phillips, David M. Drummy, Lawrence F. Naik, Rajesh R. Trulove, Paul C. De Long, Hugh C. Mantz, Robert A. TI Silk regeneration with ionic liquids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Directorate Chem & Life Sci, Off Sci Res, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.phillips@wpafb.af.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 178-IEC PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904764 ER PT J AU Smiglak, M Reichert, WM Holbrey, JD Wilkes, JS Sun, L Thrasher, JS Rogers, RD AF Smiglak, Marcin Reichert, W. Matthew Holbrey, John D. Wilkes, John S. Sun, Luyi Thrasher, Joseph S. Rogers, Robin D. TI Combustible ionic liquids by design: Destroying another ionic liquid myth SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Alabama, Ctr Green Mfg, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. EM smigl001@bama.ua.edu RI Sun, Luyi/B-8375-2009; Rogers, Robin/C-8265-2013; Smiglak, Marcin/N-8284-2013 OI Rogers, Robin/0000-0001-9843-7494; Smiglak, Marcin/0000-0003-4444-5354 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 103-IEC PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904689 ER PT J AU Spence, DE Johnson, JEB Balaich, GJ AF Spence, D'Anne E. Johnson, Jane E. B. Balaich, Gary J. TI Synthesis and reactivity of sterically demanding ansa-bis(cyclopentadienyl) La and Yb complexes derived from [(CHBut)(2)(C(5)H(2)But(2))(2)]K-2 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Danne.Spence@usafa.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 267-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125905266 ER PT J AU Trohalaki, S Patnaik, SS Pachter, R AF Trohalaki, S. Patnaik, Soumya S. Pachter, Ruth TI The effect of chromophore conformation in green fluorescent protein on its absorption spectrum: A QM/MM and TDDFT study SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Steven.Trohalaki@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 230-COMP PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125903767 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Baek, JB Nishino, SF Spain, JC Tan, LS AF Wang, David H. Baek, Jong-Beom Nishino, Shirley F. Spain, Jim C. Tan, Loon-Seng TI Semi-enzymatically produced 6-phenylethynyl picolinic acid as endcapping agent: Synthesis and thermal properties of phenylethynyl-terminated bis(benzylester) and bis(amide) monomers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Environm Engn Program, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLBP,Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.wang@wpafb.af.mil; Loon-Seng.Tan@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 97-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125909608 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Baek, JB Nishino, SF Spain, JC Tan, LS AF Wang, David H. Baek, Jong-Beom Nishino, Shirley F. Spain, Jim C. Tan, Loon-Seng TI Semi-enzymatically produced 6-phenylethynyl picolinic acid as endcapping agent: Synthesis and thermal properties of phenylethynyl-terminated bis(benzylester) and bis(amide) monomers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Chungbuk, South Korea. Georgia Inst Technol, Environm Engn Program, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, AFRL,MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.wang@wpafb.af.mil; Loon-Seng.Tan@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 97-POLY PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125909607 ER PT J AU Wilkes, JS Ewy, TR Gardner, KA Pickett, DF Reich, RF Wilcox, MJ AF Wilkes, John S. Ewy, Todd R. Gardner, Kimberly A. Pickett, David F. Reich, Richard F. Wilcox, Michael J. TI Some technology applications of ionic liquids based on physical properties SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM john.wilkes@usafa.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 11-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904597 ER PT J AU Lee, H Mall, S Allen, WY AF Lee, H Mall, S Allen, WY TI Fretting fatigue behavior of shot-peened Ti-6Al-4V under seawater environment SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE fretting fatigue; titanium alloys; shot-peening; seawater environment ID DRY SLIDING WEAR; CRACK INITIATION; TITANIUM-ALLOYS; GROWTH AB The fretting fatigue behavior of the shot-peened titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V, was investigated under a seawater environment using a servohydraulic fatigue test machine equipped with a rigid fretting fixture. Fretting fatigue tests were performed over a wide range of stress levels to characterize the effects of seawater at high and low cycle fatigue regimes. The results of this study showed that (1) seawater reduces the fretting fatigue life of shot-peened Ti-6Al-4V in both high and low cycle fatigue regimes relative to their counterparts in ambient laboratory condition, and (2) shot-peening increases the fretting fatigue life of Ti-6Al-4V when tested under dry or seawater condition relative to its counterpart of unpeened Ti-6Al-4V. The seawater environment promotes an increase in crack propagation rate; however the crack initiation depends upon the combination of the detrimental effect from seawater environment and the beneficial effect from the residual compressive stress from shot-peening. In the present study, it appears that their cumulative effects were dominated by the residual compressive stress in both low cycle and high cycle fatigue regimes. On the other hand. the seawater environment has detrimental effect on the fretting fatigue life of unpeened Ti-6Al-4V than that in ambient laboratory condition in the low cycle fatigue regime while it improves slightly the life in the high cycle fatigue regime. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Andong Natl Univ, Sch Adv Mat Engn, Andong 760749, Kyungbuk, South Korea. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 19 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAR 25 PY 2006 VL 420 IS 1-2 BP 72 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.01.031 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 034SY UT WOS:000236952100011 ER PT J AU Bigelow, MS Lepeshkin, NN Shin, H Boyd, RW AF Bigelow, MS Lepeshkin, NN Shin, H Boyd, RW TI Propagation of smooth and discontinuous pulses through materials with very large or very small group velocities SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-PROPAGATION; ENERGY-VELOCITY; SPEED; MEDIA; SLOW AB We investigate the propagation of optical pulses through two different solid-state optical materials, ruby and alexandrite, for which the group velocity can be very small (v(g) << c) or superluminal (v(g) >> c or negative). We find that for smooth pulses the fractional delay or advancement is maximized through the use of pulses with durations comparable to the response time of the physical process - coherent population oscillations - that leads to these extreme group velocities. However, we find that the transmitted pulse shape becomes distorted unless the pulse is much longer or much shorter than this response time. We also investigate the transmission of pulses that possess an abrupt change in pulse amplitude. We find that, to within experimental accuracy, this nearly discontinuous jump propagates at the usual phase velocity of light c/n, even though the smoothly varying portions of the pulse propagate at the group velocity. C1 Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Bigelow, MS (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RI shin, heedeuk/D-8727-2012 NR 23 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAR 22 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 11 BP 3117 EP 3126 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/18/11/017 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 037FA UT WOS:000237130900018 ER PT J AU White, TJ Liechty, WB Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Bunning, TJ Guymon, CA AF White, TJ Liechty, WB Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Bunning, TJ Guymon, CA TI The influence of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone in polymerization of holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals (HPDLCs) SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals (HPDLCs); polymerization kinetics; N-vinyl pyrrolidinone (1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, vinyl pyrrolidinone) ID INDUCED PHASE-SEPARATION; THIOL-ENE PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; MONOMER FUNCTIONALITY; TRANSMISSION GRATINGS; REACTION-DIFFUSION; FTIR SPECTROSCOPY; MORPHOLOGY; KINETICS; PERFORMANCE AB Holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals (HPDLCs) are targeted for application in a wide range of devices as dynamically switchable transmission or reflection diffraction gratings tunable through the visible spectra. The inclusion of N-vinyl pyrrolidinone (NVP) has been shown to reduce liquid crystal (LC) droplet size in HPDLC gratings and subsequently improve HPDLC performance. In this work, the influence of NVP on HPDLC polymer/LC morphology is examined and correlated to the influence of NVP on HPDLC photopolymerization kinetics and LC phase separation. As in other photopolymer systems, NVP significantly increases the rate of polymerization in HPDLC photopolymerization. In all the HPDLC formulations studied, NVP is completely incorporated into the polymer network while less than half of acrylate double bonds react. Furthermore, as the highly cross-linked polymer network forms, the small mono-vinyl NVP appears to react preferentially with acrylate double bonds, facilitating additional conversion of pendant double bonds otherwise trapped in the polymer network. NVP also induces a delay in the onset of reaction diffusion termination and extends the range of conversions for which reaction diffusion is observed. Interestingly, NVP also impacts polymer/LC morphology by delaying LC phase separation to higher double bond conversions. Together, the influence of NVP on the polymerization kinetics and LC phase separation alters HPDLC morphology by limiting LC droplet size, consequently resulting in improved HPDLC performance. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Guymon, CA (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM allan-guymon@uiowa.edu RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 NR 37 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD MAR 22 PY 2006 VL 47 IS 7 BP 2289 EP 2298 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.01.030 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 030JE UT WOS:000236629900006 ER PT J AU Anderson, SE Mitchell, C Haddad, TS Vij, A Schwab, JJ Bowers, MT AF Anderson, SE Mitchell, C Haddad, TS Vij, A Schwab, JJ Bowers, MT TI Structural characterization of POSS siloxane dimer and trimer SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID POLYHEDRAL OLIGOMERIC SILSESQUIOXANES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; HIGHER YIELDING ROUTE; CONFORMATIONAL STATISTICS; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; BUILDING-BLOCKS; CAPPING AGENTS; FORCE-FIELD; BASIS-SETS AB Ion mobility and molecular modeling methods were used to examine the gas-phase conformational properties of POSS (polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes) siloxane oligomers. MALDI generated the sodiated dimers (Cy7T8)(2)O center dot Na+ and (Cp7T8)(2)O center dot Na+ and the trimer ion [Cy7T8O-Cy8Si8O11-OCy7T8] Na+ (T = SiO1.5, Cy = cyclohexyl, and Cp = cyclopentyl); their collision cross sections were measured in helium using ion mobility based methods. Experimental results are consistent with one observed conformer for each of the dimers and the exo-exo isomer for the trimer (formed by retention of configuration at silicon during synthesis). For the cyclopentyl dimer, theory predicts two separate conformer families based on whether the substituents on the POSS cages are staggered (sigma(calc) = 357 angstrom(2)) or eclipsed (sigma(calc) = 365 angstrom(2)); experiment fits the staggered conformation best (sigma(expt) = 355 angstrom(2)). For the cyclohexyl dimer, on the other hand, folding of the Cy groups seems to be important: (sigma(calc) = 402 angstrom(2) vs unfolded sigma(calc) = 421 angstrom(2) or partially folded sigma(calc) = 407 angstrom(2)). Similar to the Cy dimer, for the trimer theory indicates that a low-energy exo-exo family of structures fits the experimental cross section (sigma(expt) = 557 angstrom(2)) only if several Cy groups are folded (sigma(calc) = 557 angstrom(2)) as compared to unfolded structures (average sigma(calc) = 570 angstrom(2)). Modeling shows the nonbonded interactions of the capping Cp and Cy groups stabilize POSS cage packing leading to compact structures being lowest in energy. Modeling also suggests that two POSS cages bonded together by a single oxygen atom gives a benchmark 8.3-8.5 angstrom cage-cage center distance which may be used to evaluate cage packing in other POSS oligomers. X-ray crystal structures at 100 and 298 K for (Cy7T8)(2)O were carried out which show that solid state cage-cage intermolecular distances are perfectly consistent with the modeled POSS-PMA dimer and trimer structures. At room temperature there is considerable unresolved disorder of the cyclohexyl R groups in the X-ray structure due to rapid boat-chair interconversion. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Westmont Coll, Dept Chem, Santa Barbara, CA 93108 USA. USAF, Res Lab, ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Hybrid Plast Inc, Fountain Valley, CA 92708 USA. RP Bowers, MT (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM bowers@chem.ucsb.edu RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012; Anderson, Stanley/J-8812-2013 OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080; NR 86 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 21 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1490 EP 1497 DI 10.1021/cm052589c PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 025LG UT WOS:000236267000019 ER PT J AU Midey, AJ Fernandez, AI Viggiano, AA Zhang, P Morokuma, K AF Midey, AJ Fernandez, AI Viggiano, AA Zhang, P Morokuma, K TI Ion chemistry of NOO+ SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION CALCULATIONS; REFERENCE WAVE-FUNCTIONS; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; RATE CONSTANTS; MOLECULE; NITROGEN; TEMPERATURE; REACTIVITY; ENERGIES; QUALITY AB The kinetics for the reactions of NOO+ ions with neutral molecules having ionization potentials (IPs) from 9.27 to 15.58 eV was measured in a selected ion flow tube at 298 K. The NOO+ ions are produced from the reaction of N-3(+)+O-2 and have been reacted with the following: NO, C6F6, CS2, CF3I, C3F6, OCS, C2H6, Xe, SO2, O-3, N2O, CO2, Kr, CO, D-2, and N-2. Numerous types of reactions were observed with the various neutral reagents, including production of NO+ (which may involve loss of an O from the ion or addition of O to the neutral reactant, although the two channels could not be distinguished here), charge transfer, isomerization of NOO+ to ONO+, and hydride abstraction. High level theoretical calculations of the structures and energetics of the various isomers, electronic states, and transition states of NOO and NOO+ were performed to better understand the observed reactivity. All neutral species with an IP <= 11.18 eV were observed to react with NOO+ in part by charge transfer. Detailed calculations showed that the recommended adiabatic and vertical IPs of NOO are 10.4 and 11.7 eV, respectively, at the MRCISD(Q)/AVQZ level of theory. The observed experimental limit for charge transfer of 11.18 eV agreed well with the energetics of the final products obtained from theory if dissociation of the neutral metastable product occurred, i.e., the products were X++[O(P-3)+NO((2)Pi)], where [O(P-3)+NO((2)Pi)] formed via dissociation of metastable NOO. Charge exchange with neutral reagent X would, therefore, be exothermic if IP(X)<[IPad(NOO)-Delta E(O+NO)-NOO]=similar to 11.1 eV, where IPad(NOO) is the adiabatic IP. The potential energy surface for the reaction of NOO+ with C2H6 was also calculated, indicating that two pathways for formation of HNO2+C2H5+ exist. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. Emory Univ, Cherry L Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM anthony.midey@hanscom.af.mil; albert.viggiano@hanscom.af.mil; morokuma@emory.edu NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 21 PY 2006 VL 124 IS 11 AR 114313 DI 10.1063/1.2177257 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 023XR UT WOS:000236160000028 PM 16555894 ER PT J AU Litton, CW Johnstone, D Akarca-Biyikli, S Ramaiah, KS Bhat, I Chow, TP Kim, JK Schubert, EF AF Litton, CW Johnstone, D Akarca-Biyikli, S Ramaiah, KS Bhat, I Chow, TP Kim, JK Schubert, EF TI Effect of C/Si ratio on deep levels in epitaxial 4H-SiC SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 4H SILICON-CARBIDE; TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY; DEFECT CENTERS; ANNIHILATION AB Changing the ratio of carbon to silicon during the epitaxial 4H-SiC growth is expected to alter the dominant deep level trap, which has been attributed to a native defect. The C/Si ratio was changed from one to six during epitaxial growth of SiC. Diodes fabricated on the epitaxial layer were then characterized using current-voltage and deep level transient spectroscopy. The single peak at 340 K (Z1/Z2 peak), was deconvolved into two traps, closely spaced in energy. The concentration of one of the Z1/Z2 traps decreased with increasing C/Si ratio. This result opposes theoretical predictions of carbon interstitial components, and supports assignment to a silicon antisite or carbon vacancy relationship. The concentration of the second component of the peak at 340 K did not depend on the C/Si ratio, which would indicate an impurity in an interstitial site. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. SEMETROL, Chesterfield, VA 23838 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Litton, CW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM cole.litton@sbcglobal.net NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 20 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 12 AR 121914 DI 10.1063/1.2161388 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 025FG UT WOS:000236250100046 ER PT J AU Roy, S Singh, KP Gaitonde, DV AF Roy, S Singh, KP Gaitonde, DV TI Dielectric barrier plasma dynamics for active control of separated flows SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ACTUATOR AB The dynamics of separation mitigation with asymmetric dielectric barrier discharges is explored by considering the gas flow past a flat plate at an angle of attack. A self-consistent model utilizing motion of electrons, ions, and neutrals is employed to couple the electric force field to the momentum of the fluid. The charge separation and concomitant electric field yield a time-averaged body force which is oriented predominantly downstream, with a smaller transverse component towards the wall. This induces a wall-jet-like feature that effectively eliminates the separation bubble. The impact of several geometric and electrical operating parameters is elucidated. C1 Kettering Univ, Computat Plasma Dynam Lab, Flint, MI 48504 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Air Veh Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Kettering Univ, Computat Plasma Dynam Lab, Flint, MI 48504 USA. EM sroy@kettering.edu RI Roy, Subrata/A-7493-2009 NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 20 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 12 AR 121501 DI 10.1063/1.2187951 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 025FG UT WOS:000236250100029 ER PT J AU Khoury, J Drehman, A Woods, CL Haji-Saeed, B Sengupta, SK Goodhue, W Kierstead, J AF Khoury, J Drehman, A Woods, CL Haji-Saeed, B Sengupta, SK Goodhue, W Kierstead, J TI Optically driven microelectromechanical-system deformable mirror under high-frequency AC bias SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE AB A new, optically addressed deformable mirror device is demonstrated. The device consists of a pixellated metalized polymeric membrane mirror supported above an optically addressed photoconductive substrate. A conductive transparent ZnO layer is deposited on the back side of the substrate. A very high-frequency AC bias is applied between the membrane and the back electrode of the device. The membrane is deformed when the back of the device is illuminated because of impedance and bias redistribution between two cascaded impedances. We fabricated, demonstrated, and modeled the operation of this device. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 SNHC, AF Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), SNHC, AF Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM bahareh.haji-saeed@hanscom.af.mil NR 6 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 6 BP 808 EP 810 DI 10.1364/OL.31.000808 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 019KG UT WOS:000235833400044 PM 16544631 ER PT J AU Cliver, EW AF Cliver, EW TI The unusual relativistic solar proton events of 1979 August 21 and 1981 May 10 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : flares; Sun : particle emission ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS; III RADIO-BURSTS; GAMMA-RAY FLARE; JUNE 3; ACCELERATION; SHOCK; ELECTRONS; INJECTION; SPECTRA AB Sixty-nine ground level events (GLEs) caused by relativistic solar protons have been observed from 1942 to 2005. GLEs are characteristically associated with intense solar flares [having peak similar to 9 GHz flux densities S-P(9 GHz) > 10(3) sfu] and fast (> 1000 km s(-1)) coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The small GLEs on 1979 August 21 and 1981 May 10 provide an exception to these rules of thumb. In comparison with other GLEs, they were associated with significantly weaker flares [S-P(9 GHz) < 30 sfu vs. a median value of similar to 8000 sfu for all GLEs] and slower CMEs (plane-of-sky speeds similar to 800 km s(-1) vs. a median of similar to 1600 km s(-1)). The sunspot groups in which these two events originated ranked near the bottom of GLE-parent regions in terms of sunspot area (similar to 100 millionths of a solar hemisphere [msh] vs. a median of similar to 850 msh). What enabled these two otherwise commonplace solar eruptions to accelerate protons to GeV energies? In both cases, intense, long-duration, metric type II bursts were observed. In addition, both of these GLEs occurred when the background similar to 10 MeV proton intensity at 1 AU was > 1000 times the normal background because of preceding SEP events originating in active regions that were located in each case similar to 100 degrees east of the active region responsible for the GLE. We suggest that the relativistic solar protons observed in these two events resulted from CME-driven shock acceleration of an elevated coronal seed population, reflecting the enhanced background proton intensity at 1 AU. For this scenario, the timing onset of the relativistic protons in the two events indicates that the shocks had access to the energetic seed particles within similar to 2-5 R-circle dot of the solar surface. While an elevated similar to 10 MeV proton background at Earth is a favorable/common condition for GLE occurrence, it is not a requirement. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 62 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2006 VL 639 IS 2 BP 1206 EP 1217 DI 10.1086/499765 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 019LK UT WOS:000235837100055 ER PT J AU Rothwell, PL Jasperse, JR AF Rothwell, PL Jasperse, JR TI Modeling the connection of the global ionospheric electric fields to the solar wind SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPOLAR POTENTIAL SATURATION; EQUATORIAL SPREAD-F; GREAT MAGNETIC STORM; NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; ALIGNED CURRENTS; PLASMA BUBBLES; DRIFT VELOCITY; HILL MODEL; REGION; CONDUCTIVITY AB [1] A global ionospheric electrostatic potential model, which we refer to as Nopper-Carovillano (N-C), can be linked with a magnetospheric potential model. The latter model, which we refer to as Hill-Siscoe-Ober (H-S-O), computes a transpolar potential Phi(PC)(H-S-O) based on solar wind parameters and region-1 field-aligned currents (FAC) from the magnetosheath to the ionosphere. The polar ionospheric conductance required by H-S-O is defined by the N-C model. In this way, the transpolar potential and the associated FAC are the same in both models. A distribution of region-1 FAC in the N-C model predicts a two-cell convection pattern which is in reasonable agreement with plasma drifts measured by DMSP ( Defense Meteorological Satellite Program) satellites. The H-S-O model, as modified by N-C, is compared with the Weimer potential model and with the transpolar potentials observed by DMSP satellites during the 6 - 7 April 2000 magnetic storm. Good agreement is found in both cases. The region-2 (J2) current is estimated from the Siscoe (S-RC) ring-current circuit model which is driven by Phi(PC)(H-SO). The resistor values in S-RC, as determined by N-C, when combined with the global potential solution, make it possible to estimate the time profile of the equatorial penetration electric field during the storm's main phase. With the values obtained, shielding occurs within 1 hour of onset. Equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) are seen some hours after the initial increase of Phi(PC) and are qualitatively consistent with the equatorial penetration electric field calculated by the combined model. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Rothwell, PL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM paul.rothwell@hanscom.af.mil; john.jasperse@hanscom.af.mil NR 62 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 10 PY 2006 VL 111 IS A3 AR A03211 DI 10.1029/2004JA010992 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 025ND UT WOS:000236272100001 ER PT J AU Lee, H Mall, S AF Lee, H Mall, S TI Fretting behavior of shot peened Ti-6Al-4V under slip controlled mode SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE Ti-6Al-4V; fretting regime; relative slip ID INDEPENDENT PAD DISPLACEMENT; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; STRESS AB Fretting tests of shot peened Ti-6Al-4V were conducted under slip controlled mode using a dual actuator test setup which could apply an independent pad displacement at a given applied bulk stress. Fretting regime was identified based on the hysteresis loop of tangential force versus relative slip range and the evolution of tangential force. Fretting regime changed from partial slip to mixed slip and then to gross slip with increasing relative slip range, and the transition from mixed to gross slip occurred at a relative slip range of similar to 50 mu m regardless of the applied bulk stress magnitude for both shot peened and unpeened specimens. Fretting fatigue life initially decreased as the relative slip range increased and reached to a minimum value, and then increased with an increase of the relative slip range due to the transition in fretting regime from mixed slip to gross slip. Shot peened specimens had longer fatigue life than unpeened specimens at a given relative slip range, but the minimum fatigue life was at the same value of the relative slip range for both shot peened and unpeened specimens. The relationship between relative slip and fatigue life was also found to be independent of the applied bulk stress level. Further, tangential force was directly related to relative slip and this relationship was independent of other fretting variables. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, ENY, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD MAR 10 PY 2006 VL 260 IS 6 BP 642 EP 651 DI 10.1016/j.wear.2005.03.022 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 022FX UT WOS:000236041800008 ER PT J AU Midey, AJ Viggiano, AA Zhang, P Irle, S Morokuma, K AF Midey, AJ Viggiano, AA Zhang, P Irle, S Morokuma, K TI A study of the reaction of N+ with O-2: Experiniental quantification of NO+(a (3)Sigma(+)) production (298-500 k) and computational study of the overall reaction pathways SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ION-MOLECULE REACTION; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION CALCULATIONS; TEMPERATURE 300-1800 K; RATE CONSTANTS; BRANCHING RATIOS; KINETIC-ENERGY; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; NO; O2; DEPENDENCE AB The product branching ratios for NO+(X 1 Sigma(+)) and NO+(a (3)Sigma(+)) produced from the reaction of N+ with O-2 have been measured at 298 and 500 K in a selected ion flow tube. Approximately 0.5% of the total products are in NO+(a) at both temperatures, despite the fact that the reaction to form NO+(a) is 0.3 eV exothermic. High-level ab initio calculations of the potential energy surfaces for the N+ + O-2 reaction show that the reaction from N+(P-3) + O-2((3)Sigma(g)) reactants starts with an efficient early stage charge transfer to the N(D-2) + O-2 +(X (2)Pi) channel, which gives rise to the O-2(+) (X 2 Pi) product and, at the same time, serves as the starting point for all of the reaction channels leading to NO+ and O+ products. Pathways to produce NO+(a (3)Sigma(+)) are found to be less favorable than pathways leading to the major product NO+(X (1)Sigma(+)). Production of N(D-2) has implications for the concentration of N(D-2) in the mesosphere. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Emory Univ, Cherry L Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RI Irle, Stephan/E-8984-2011 OI Irle, Stephan/0000-0003-4995-4991 NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 9 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 9 BP 3080 EP 3086 DI 10.1021/jp054376g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 020WN UT WOS:000235944000027 PM 16509629 ER PT J AU Cymerman, A Muza, SR Fulco, CS Friedlander, AL Elliott, LD Zupan, MF AF Cymerman, A Muza, SR Fulco, CS Friedlander, AL Elliott, LD Zupan, MF TI Oculometrics as a measure of altitude acclimatization of moderate-altitude residents compared to sea-level residents SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Palo Alto VA Hlth Care Syst, GRECC, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. USAF Acad, Athlet Dept, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1431 EP A1431 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326205302 ER PT J AU Carlson, HC Moen, J Oksavik, K Nielsen, CP McCrea, IW Pedersen, TR Gallop, P AF Carlson, HC Moen, J Oksavik, K Nielsen, CP McCrea, IW Pedersen, TR Gallop, P TI Direct observations of injection events of subauroral plasma into the polar cap SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOPAUSE RECONNECTION; PATCHES; IONOSPHERE; FLOWS AB [1] While polar cap ionospheric patches have been studied for over two decades, there remains no general agreement to which of many proposed patch-production mechanisms are important or dominate. An experiment was designed and implemented to search for transient events redirecting subauroral ionospheric plasma from its subauroral flow to transient injection into the polar cap, as would occur for the (Lockwood and Carlson, 1992) mechanism of patch creation. An earlier experiment provided compelling evidence of this mechanism acting within the cusp, with strong but indirect evidence regarding the source-reservoir for the plasma injected into the polar cap. The work here, for the first time, directly tracks plasma becoming a "patch'', continuously from subauroral latitudes before the event fires, through the cusp and into the polar cap. We conclude this mechanism is a dominant patch generation mechanism and highlight that poleward-moving-form research has direct application to polar cap patch generation by magnetopause reconnection. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Force Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ Ctr Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Polar Environm Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Carlson, HC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Force Off Sci Res, 4015 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM herb.carlson@afosr.af.mil OI Oksavik, Kjellmar/0000-0003-4312-6992 NR 12 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 5 AR L05103 DI 10.1029/2005GL025230 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 025LZ UT WOS:000236269100005 ER PT J AU Lane, SA Johnson, M Fuller, C Charpentier, A AF Lane, SA Johnson, M Fuller, C Charpentier, A TI Active control of payload fairing noise SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL-ACOUSTIC CONTROL; ACTUATORS; REDUCTION AB This work presents adaptive feedforward control using advanced structural-acoustic actuators to reduce the low-frequency acoustic transmission in a sub-scale composite fairing. The actuators, referred to as distributed active vibration absorbers, are multi-resonance devices specifically designed to produce high output forces over a large bandwidth as necessary for payload fairing noise control. Single- and multichannel control configurations were implemented using external acoustic disturbance levels as high as 130 dB. Design parameters such as sample frequency, control filter length, reference source, and causality/delay were examined to determine impact on performance. The active control system reduced the broadband interior noise levels by up to 5 dB between 70 Hz and 200 Hz, and 10 dB at specific resonances. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Veh Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Virginia Tech, Vibrat & Acoust Lab, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. ESI Vibro Acoust Sci Inst, San Diego, CA 92130 USA. RP Lane, SA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Veh Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave,SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM steven.lane@kirtland.af.mil NR 32 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 290 IS 3-5 BP 794 EP 819 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2005.04.017 PG 26 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 009VW UT WOS:000235142500014 ER PT J AU Drazkowski, DB Lee, A Haddad, TS Cookson, DJ AF Drazkowski, DB Lee, A Haddad, TS Cookson, DJ TI Chemical substituent effects on morphological transitions in styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer grafted with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID BLOCK-COPOLYMER; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; MICROPHASE-SEPARATION; VARYING SELECTIVITY; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; SOLVENTS; POLYMERS; BLENDS; MELTS AB A series of hybrid organic/inorganic triblock copolymers of polystyrene-butadiene-polystyrene (SBS) grafted with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) molecules with different chemical constituents were synthesized by a hydrosilation method. Four POSS macromers, R'R7Si8O12, were designed to contain a single silane functional group, R', which was used to graft onto the dangling 1,2-butadienes in the polybutadiene soft block and seven identical organic groups, R. Small-angle X-ray scattering and theological techniques were used to study the effect of sterically similar, yet electronically different, organic R groups, cyclopentyl (Cp), cyclohexyl (Cy), cyclohexenyl (Cye), and phenyl (Ph), on the morphology of SBS triblock copolymer and the order-disorder transition behavior. It was observed that POSS with phenyl moiety, when grafted to the polybutadiene (PB) phase, appears to show favorable interaction with the polystyrene (PS) phase; effectively, the Ph-POSS is plasticizing the SBS due to an effect whereby the Ph-POSS is at least partially solvated by the PS phase. This causes a significant decrease in the overall lamellae d spacing and the order-disorder transition temperature, T-ODT, with increasing amounts of Ph-POSS attachment. As we change the POSS moiety to that of Cye, Cy, and Cp, the interaction between POSS-PS weakens, and the d spacing and TODT become less dependent on the amounts of POSS attachment. At the highest POSS loadings investigated (20 wt %), there is a change to a perforated layer morphology, resulting in an increase of TODT relative to the 10 wt % POSS-grafted copolymers for Cp, Cy, and Cye POSS moieties. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. ERC Inc, USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Adv Photon Source, Australian Synchrotron Res Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, A (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM leea@egr.msu.edu NR 41 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1854 EP 1863 DI 10.1021/ma0518813 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 018VH UT WOS:000235792400026 ER PT J AU Shi, W Ding, YJ Fernelius, N Hopkins, FK AF Shi, W Ding, YJ Fernelius, N Hopkins, FK TI Observation of difference-frequency generation by mixing of terahertz and near-infrared laser beams in a GaSe crystal SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WAVE GENERATION; ABSORPTION; LINBO3; LIGHT AB We have observed difference-frequency generation by mixing terahertz and near-infrared laser beams in a GaSe crystal (i.e., terahertz frequency upconversion). This process has a potential for detecting terahertz waves. Using an InGaAs photodiode operating at room temperature the minimum detectable energy per pulse was 9.75 nJ. When a fast photomultiplier tube was used instead, the lowest-energy per pulse was measured to be 245 pJ. In addition, the temporal profile of the terahertz pulses was measured with a ns resolution. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shi, W (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM yud2@lehigh.edu NR 12 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 10 AR 101101 DI 10.1063/1.2177363 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 020JV UT WOS:000235905800001 ER PT J AU Chen, YC Cronin-Golomb, M Zhang, L Zhao, J Foshee, JJ AF Chen, YC Cronin-Golomb, M Zhang, L Zhao, J Foshee, JJ TI Terahertz parametric generation photonic band gap structure with negligible structural dispersion in the optical range SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENCE-FREQUENCY-GENERATION; ELECTROOPTIC CRYSTALS; WAVE GENERATION; TECHNOLOGY; DOMAIN; LINBO3; MEDIA; LASER AB We present a photonic band gap (PBG) structure (or nonlinear photonic crystal) design for terahertz (THz) wave parametric generation, whose component materials have a small refractive index difference in the near infrared and a large index difference for THz waves. The structural dispersion of such a PBG structure is strong in the THz range but negligible in the optical range. The former allows the phase-matched pump wavelength to be placed in the near infrared to eliminate two-photon absorption of the pump and signal beams. The latter leads to a crystal layer fabrication tolerances of a few micrometers and traditional polishing methods are suitable for device fabrication. The added design flexibility also allows the use of the most efficient crystal orientations. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Tufts Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Agiltron Inc, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. IFGD, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chen, YC (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM Mark.Cronin-Golomb@tufts.edu RI Cronin-Golomb, Mark/A-5430-2012 OI Cronin-Golomb, Mark/0000-0002-8936-4358 NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1933 EP 1941 DI 10.1364/OE.14.001933 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 020LF UT WOS:000235910200026 PM 19503523 ER PT J AU Sherman, PM Aygun, N AF Sherman, PM Aygun, N TI Development of a cavum septi pellucidi after Ommaya reservoir placement: report of an unusual complication SO ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA LA English DT Article DE Cerebrospinal fluid reservoir; Ommaya reservoir; complications; cavum septi pellucidi; septum pellucidum; central nervous system lymphoma ID CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; VERGAE; EXPERIENCE; CANCER; ACCESS AB Objective and importance. We present a complication of Ommaya reservoir placement that has not been previously reported. Following injection of a seemingly appropriately placed catheter, the patient developed seizures. Imaging studies showed the development and resolution of a cavum septi pellucidi. This case illustrates that the septum pellucidum is made of two layers and that a potential space exists between these layers. Caution is recommended when injecting a single-hole ventricular catheter if the tip is against the septum pellucidum. C1 Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Russell H Morgan Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Div Neuroradiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Sherman, PM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM paul.sherman@usafa90.com NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0001-6268 J9 ACTA NEUROCHIR JI Acta Neurochir. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 148 IS 3 BP 359 EP 362 DI 10.1007/s00701-005-0652-x PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 018BL UT WOS:000235737700033 PM 16283105 ER PT J AU Moorhouse, D Sanders, B von Spakovsky, M Butt, J AF Moorhouse, D Sanders, B von Spakovsky, M Butt, J TI Benefits and design challenges of adaptive structures for morphing aircraft SO AERONAUTICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The purpose of this paper is to discuss the future of adaptive structures leading towards the concept of a fully morphing aircraft configuration. First, examples are shown to illustrate the potential system-level mission benefits of morphing wing geometry. The challenges of design integration are discussed along with the question of how to address the optimisation of such a system. This leads to a suggestion that non-traditional methods need to be developed. It is suggested that an integrated approach to defining the work to be done and the energy to be used is the solution. This approach is introduced and then some challenges are examined in more detail. First, concepts of mechanisation are discussed as ways to achieve optimum geometries. Then there are discussions of non-linearities that could be important. Finally, the flight control design challenge is considered in terms of the rate of change of the morphing geometry. The paper concludes with recommendations for future work. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Moorhouse, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI von Spakovsky, Michael/F-2465-2014 OI von Spakovsky, Michael/0000-0002-3884-6904 NR 20 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL AERONAUTICAL SOC PI LONDON PA 4 HAMILTON PL, LONDON W1J 7BQ, ENGLAND SN 0001-9240 J9 AERONAUT J JI Aeronaut. J. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 110 IS 1105 BP 157 EP 162 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 034SN UT WOS:000236951000003 ER PT J AU Sherman, P Oka, M Aldrich, E Jordan, L Gailloud, P AF Sherman, P Oka, M Aldrich, E Jordan, L Gailloud, P TI Isolated posterior cerebral artery dissection: Report of three cases SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OF-THE-LITERATURE; INTRACRANIAL-ARTERIES; ANEURYSMS; CIRCULATION; OCCLUSION AB Isolated dissection of the posterior cerebral artery WCA) is a rare but important cause of stroke in younger patients, particularly women. We present 3 cases of dissection of the P2 segment of the PCA. In 2 patients, an association with minor axial head trauma was documented, suggesting shearing injury of the PCA as it crosses over the free edge of the tentorium. The clinical and imaging findings are discussed, and the therapeutic management is reviewed. C1 Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Sherman, P (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 59MDW-759-MDTS-MTRD,2200 Bergquist St,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NEURORADIOLOGY PI OAK BROOK PA 2210 MIDWEST RD, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 USA SN 0195-6108 J9 AM J NEURORADIOL JI Am. J. Neuroradiol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 27 IS 3 BP 648 EP 652 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 028SF UT WOS:000236508400038 PM 16552010 ER PT J AU Johnson, T AF Johnson, T TI Practice parameter SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID DIAGNOSIS C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Johnson, T (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 96 IS 3 BP 501 EP 501 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 026XU UT WOS:000236377400023 ER PT J AU Meese, J Kempel, LC Schneider, SW AF Meese, J Kempel, LC Schneider, SW TI Mixed element formulation for the finite element-boundary integral method SO APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CAVITY-BACKED ANTENNAS; CONFORMAL ANTENNAS; CIRCULAR-CYLINDER; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; ARBITRARY SHAPE; RADIATION; SURFACES AB A mixed element approach using right hexahedral elements and right prism elements for the finite element-boundary integral method is presented and discussed for the study of planar cavity-backed antennas. The mixed element method is shown to decrease the required computation time for geometrically constrained geometries by reducing the unknown count on the open aperture on the cavity. By reducing the unknown count on the surface, the memory and computational cost associated with the boundary integral portion of the solution is decreased versus solutions using only prism elements. The accuracy of the mixed element approach is shown to be comparable with that of a single element approach, especially for far field parameters such as radiation pattern and radar cross section. C1 Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Meese, J (reprint author), Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA. RI Kempel, Leo/A-6837-2010; OI Kempel, Leo/0000-0002-8888-6197 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY PI UNIVERSITY PA UNIV MISSISSIPPI, DEPT ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY, MS 38677 USA SN 1054-4887 J9 APPL COMPUT ELECTROM JI Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. J. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 51 EP 62 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 015MC UT WOS:000235554500007 ER PT J AU Brown, MS Fiechtner, GJ Rudd, JV Zimdars, DA Warmuth, M Gord, JR AF Brown, MS Fiechtner, GJ Rudd, JV Zimdars, DA Warmuth, M Gord, JR TI Water-vapor detection using asynchronous THz sampling SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE terahertz time-domain spectroscopy; THz-TDS; asynchronous optical sampling; ASOPS; water vapor ID TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY; TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY; COHERENT TRANSIENTS; PROBE SPECTROSCOPY; ATOMIC SODIUM; LOSS TANGENT; LIQUIDS; PUMP; RADIATION; DYNAMICS AB The use of a fiber-coupled terahertz (THz) transmitter/receiver pair for spectroscopic detection of water vapor is investigated. Transmission signals of all alumina cylinder demonstrate that the measurement approach call be applied in a windowless ceramic combustor. First, a conventional commercial transmitter/receiver pair is used to make measurements for frequencies to 1.25 THz. Water-vapor absorption is clearly evident within the alumina transparency window and is readily modeled using existing databases. A variety of data-acquisition schemes is possible using THz instrumentation. To assess signal-collection techniques, a prototype THz transmitter/receiver pair is then used with the asynchronous optical-sampling (ASOPS) technique to obtain asynchronous THz-sampling signals to 1 THz without the need for all optomechanical delay line. Two mode-locked Ti:sapphire lasers operating at slightly different repetition rates are used for pumping the transmitter and receiver independently to permit a complete time-domain THz signal to be recorded. The resulting repetitive phase walkout is demonstrated by collecting power spectra of room air that exhibit water-vapor absorption. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Picometrix Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brown, MS (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM rnichael.brown@wpafb.af.mil NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 60 IS 3 BP 261 EP 265 DI 10.1366/000370206776342670 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 028RK UT WOS:000236505800006 PM 16608568 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Brooks, AS Martel, M AF Fadare, O Brooks, AS Martel, M TI A 54-year-old woman with menorrhagia SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ENDOMETRIOID CARCINOMA; PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS; UTERINE CORPUS; DIFFERENTIATION; PROLIFERATIONS; ADENOCARCINOMA; PATHOLOGY; EMPHASIS AB The principal differential considerations for papillary carcinomatous proliferations of the endometrium have traditionally been uterine papillary serous carcinoma and villoglandular adenocarcinoma. Recently, another variant of endometrioid carcinoma that may also show papillary structures was described and designated endometrioid carcinoma with small nonvillous papillae (SNVP). In contrast to the papillary structures of uterine papillary serous carcinoma, the SNVP have cells that lack a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio and typically show exuberant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Additionally, the other typical morphologic patterns of uterine papillary serous carcinoma, such as slitlike spaces, highly pleomorphic nuclei, small detached cell clusters, and psammoma bodies, are absent. Overall, the clinicopathologic characteristics of this tumor are more consistent with endometrioid carcinoma and as such should be clearly distinguished from uterine papillary serous carcinoma. Herein, we report an example of a mixed mucinous and endometrioid carcinoma with prominent SNVP in both components. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM oluwolefadare@yahoo.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 130 IS 3 BP 400 EP 402 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 022JV UT WOS:000236052800021 PM 16519574 ER PT J AU Stello, D Kjeldsen, H Bedding, TR Buzasi, D AF Stello, D Kjeldsen, H Bedding, TR Buzasi, D TI Oscillation mode lifetimes in xi Hydrae: will strong mode damping limit asteroseismology of red giant stars? SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : individual : xi Hya; stars : oscillations ID SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS; STOCHASTICALLY EXCITED OSCILLATIONS; SEMIREGULAR VARIABLES; PROCYON; HYA; PHOTOMETRY; AMPLITUDES AB We introduce a new method to measure frequency separations and mode lifetimes of stochastically excited and damped oscillations, so-called solar-like oscillations. Our method shows that velocity data of the red giant star xi Hya (Frandsen et al. 2002) support a large frequency separation between modes of roughly 7 mu Hz. We also conclude that the data are consistent with a mode lifetime of 2 days, which is so short relative to its pulsation period that none of the observed frequencies are unambiguous. Hence, we argue that the maximum asteroseismic output that can be obtained from these data is an average large frequency separation, the oscillation amplitude and the average mode lifetime. However, the significant discrepancy between the theoretical calculations of the mode lifetime (Houdek & Gough 2002) and our result based on the observations of xi Hya, implies that red giant stars can help us better understand the damping and driving mechanisms of solar-like p-modes by convection. C1 Aarhus Univ, Inst Fys Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Stello, D (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Inst Fys Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. EM stello@phys.au.dk NR 32 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 448 IS 2 BP 709 EP U125 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20054016 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 018PQ UT WOS:000235777700038 ER PT J AU Lara, PN Stadler, WM Longmate, J Quinn, DI Wexler, J Van Loan, M Twardowski, P Gumerlock, PH Vogelzang, NJ Vokes, EE Lenz, HJ Doroshow, JH Gandara, DR AF Lara, PN Stadler, WM Longmate, J Quinn, DI Wexler, J Van Loan, M Twardowski, P Gumerlock, PH Vogelzang, NJ Vokes, EE Lenz, HJ Doroshow, JH Gandara, DR TI A randomized phase II trial of the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor BMS-275291 in hormone-refractory prostate cancer patients with bone metastases SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY JUN 05-08, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol ID BREAST-CANCER; MARKERS; MITOXANTRONE; TURNOVER; PREDNISONE; EXPRESSION; MANAGEMENT; DOCETAXEL; CARCINOMA AB Background: BMS-275291 is a selective matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (MMPI) that does not inhibit sheddases implicated in the dose-limiting arthritis of older MMPIs. We conducted a randomized phase II trial of two doses of BMS-275291 (1,200 versus 2,400 mg) in hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) patients with bone metastases to probe for a dose-response relationship and to assess differential toxicities. Serial serum and urine specimens were collected to assess for markers of bone metabolism. Methods: The primary end point was 4-month progression-free survival (PFS). Eligibility criteria included documentation of androgen-independent disease (including anti-androgen withdrawal), skeletal metastasis, adequate end-organ function and performance status, and no more than one prior chemotherapy regimen. Patients were randomized to 1,200 mg orally once daily (arm A) or 1,200 mg orally twice daily (arm B). Response was assessed every 56 days. Results: Eighty patients were enrolled: 39 in arm A and 41 in arm B. There were no responders by prostate-specific antigen or measurable disease to treatment. Stable disease was noted at 8 weeks in 39% of patients in arm A and in 17% of patients in arm B. Progression of disease at 8 weeks was seen in 39% of patients in arm A versus 83% of patients in arm B. Median survival time was 21.6 months (95% confidence interval, 17.5; not reached), whereas median PFS time was 1.8 months (95% confidence interval 1.74; 2) for all patients. Patients in arm A had a median survival time that was not reached, whereas patients on arm B has a median survival time of 21 months (P = 0.2). PFS at 4 months favored arm A: 22% versus 10% (log-rank, P = 0.008). Grade 3 toxicities occurred in 5 (13%) patients in arm A and in 9 (22%) patients in arm B. Grade 4 toxicities were uncommon (only 4% of patients): one each of thrombosis, fatigue, and motor neuropathy was seen in the arm B. Bone marker studies showed that baseline serum levels of N-telopeptide, osteocalcin, procollagen I NH2-terminal propeptide, and PICP had prognostic significance for PFS and/or overall survival. Conclusions: Regardless of dose schedule, BMS-275291 was well tolerated in HRPC patients and had no dose-limiting arthritis. Toxicities differed modestly according to the dose schedule employed. As overall survival and PFS favored the once daily schedule, this dose schedule is recommended for future studies. Baseline markers of bone metabolism may have prognostic value in HRPC patients with bone metastases. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. USDA, Davis, CA USA. Univ So Calif, Kenneth Norris Jr Comprehens Canc Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Vet Adm No Calif, Mather AFB, CA USA. RP Lara, PN (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc, 4501 X St,Suite 3016, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM primo.lara@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu RI Quinn, David/F-4343-2015; OI Quinn, David/0000-0002-1411-0417; Longmate, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0869-7928 NR 27 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 12 IS 5 BP 1556 EP 1563 DI 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2074 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 021MT UT WOS:000235988000022 PM 16533781 ER PT J AU Givler, MSA AF Givler, MSA TI Untitled SO COMMENTARY LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, Carmel, CA USA. RP Givler, MSA (reprint author), USAF, Carmel, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER JEWISH COMMITTEE PI NEW YORK PA 165 E 56TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 0010-2601 J9 COMMENTARY JI Commentary PD MAR PY 2006 VL 121 IS 3 BP 8 EP + PG 2 WC Political Science; Social Issues SC Government & Law; Social Issues GA 017MJ UT WOS:000235697400018 ER PT J AU Zabarnick, S Phelps, DK AF Zabarnick, S Phelps, DK TI Density functional theory calculations of the energetics and kinetics of set fuel autoxidation reaction SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID DETAILED CHEMICAL-KINETICS; BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGIES; JET FUEL; SUPERPOSITION ERROR; ANTIOXIDANT CHEMISTRY; COMPLEX-FORMATION; H BONDS; N-H; C-H; OXIDATION AB Density functional theory calculations of the energetics and kinetics of important reactions for jet fuel oxidation are reported. The B3LYP functional along with 6-31G(d) and larger basis sets are used for calculation of peroxy radical abstraction reactions from hydrocarbons and heteroatomic species, the reaction of sulfides, disulfides, and phosphines with hydroperoxides to produce nonradical products, and the metal catalysis of hydroperoxide decomposition. Reaction enthalpies and activation energies are determined via DFT calculations of the structures and energies of stable species and transition states. The peroxy radical abstraction study shows the high reactivity (E-a's of 6-11 kcal/mol) of the H atoms which are weakly bonded to heteroatoms, including nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. These species, at part-per-million levels, are able to compete for peroxy radicals with the bulk fuel hydrocarbon species. Benzylic hydrogens on aromatic hydrocarbons are shown to be significantly more reactive (by 4 to 5 kcal/mol) than paraffinic hydrogens with the result that the aromatic portion of fuel sustains the bulk of the autoxidation process. Sulfides and disulfides are found to react readily with fuel hydroperoxides (E-a's of 26-29 kcal/mol) to produce alcohols and the oxidized sulfur species. Triphenylphosphine reacts with hydroperoxides with a very low activation energy (12.9 kcal/mol). The metal catalysis of hydroperoxide decomposition is calculated to occur through the formation of a complex with subsequent decomposition to form radical species without regeneration of the metal ion. The reaction pathways found and activation energies calculated can be used to improve chemical kinetic models of fuel autoxidation and deposition. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zabarnick, S (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 51 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 488 EP 497 DI 10.1021/ef0503481 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 024BA UT WOS:000236168700011 ER PT J AU Graham, JL Striebich, RC Myers, KJ Minus, DK Harrison, WE AF Graham, JL Striebich, RC Myers, KJ Minus, DK Harrison, WE TI Swelling of nitrile rubber by selected aromatics blended in a synthetic jet fuel SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID HYDROCARBONS; MEMBRANES; TRANSPORT AB To examine the contributions of different types of aromatics, the volume swell of nitrile rubber O-rings was determined in aromatic-free synthetic JP-5 fuel and in synthetic JP-5 fuel blended with selected aromatics. Additionally, partition coefficients between the O-ring and fuel phases were measured for the fuel and aromatic species. Volume swell was measured using an in situ optical dilatometry technique that provided temporal data, while partition coefficients were measured using direct thermal desorption GC-MS analysis of swollen O-ring samples. For the hydrocarbons studied, the data indicate a correlation between partition coefficient and volume swell. The propensity to swell nitrile rubber was found to increase with the polarity and hydrogen-bonding character of the aromatics, suggesting that swelling of nitrile rubber requires disrupting the attractive forces between cyano groups on adjacent polymer chains and replacing them with cyano group-aromatic interactions. Volume swell was also found to decrease with increasing molecular weight. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Environm Engn Grp, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Graham, JL (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Environm Engn Grp, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM graham@udri.udayton.edu NR 21 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 759 EP 765 DI 10.1021/ef050191x PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 024BA UT WOS:000236168700045 ER PT J AU Hatch, M Berkowitz, G Janevic, T Sloan, R Lapinski, R James, T Barth, WH AF Hatch, M Berkowitz, G Janevic, T Sloan, R Lapinski, R James, T Barth, WH TI Race, cardiovascular reactivity, and preterm delivery among active-duty military women SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEART-RATE REACTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; PREGNANCY; STRESS; CHALLENGE; BIRTH; HEALTH AB Background: Rates of preterm delivery in the United States are higher in black women compared with whites. In this study, we examined cardiovascular reactivity and risk of preterm delivery among black and white military women. Methods: We recruited a total of 500 black and white active-duty military women from the prenatal clinic at a large military installation, interviewing them early in pregnancy and again at 28 weeks of gestation. A subgroup of women underwent a computerized stress test to determine cardiovascular reactivity assessed as increases in heart rate and blood pressure compared with measurements taken before the stress test. Results: Despite a relatively low overall risk of pretenn delivery (8.2%), we found the same 2-fold racial disparity reported in other populations (hazard ratio for preterm delivery in black women vs whites = 2.30-1 95% confidence interval = 1.24-4.27). The disparity is present in all military ranks and is largest for medically indicated preterm deliveries. Among the 313 subjects who participated in the computerized stress testing, blacks exhibited more cardiac reactivity than whites. In black subjects only, a 1-mm increase in diastolic blood pressure reactivity was associated with 1.1 a day earlier delivery (-0.17 weeks). A similar trend was seen with heart rate. Conclusions: Autonomic dysfunction after exposure to stressors may play a role in the timing of delivery among black women. C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Behav Med, New York, NY USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Fetal & Maternal Med, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Hatch, M (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, DHHS, NIH, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS 7098, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM hatchm@mail.nih.gov NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAR PY 2006 VL 17 IS 2 BP 178 EP 182 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000199528.28234.73 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 015OX UT WOS:000235561800012 PM 16477258 ER PT J AU Roach, W Thomas, R Buffington, G Polhamus, G Notabartolo, J DiCarlo, C Stockton, K Stolarski, D Schuster, K Carothers, V Rockwell, B Cam, C AF Roach, W Thomas, R Buffington, G Polhamus, G Notabartolo, J DiCarlo, C Stockton, K Stolarski, D Schuster, K Carothers, V Rockwell, B Cam, C TI Simultaneous exposure using 532 and 860 nm lasers for visible lesion thresholds in the rhesus retina SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE analysis; statistical; laboratory animals; lasers; maximum permissible exposures ID DAMAGE; RADIATION; INJURY; WAVELENGTH AB The growth of commercially available, simultaneous multi-wavelength laser systems has increased the likelihood of possible ocular hazard. For example, many systems utilize frequency multiplying methods to produce combinations of visible, near-infrared, and ultraviolet wavelengths. Unfortunately, very little data exists to substantiate the current methods for estimating hazards from simultaneous lasing. To properly assess the retinal hazards from these wavelengths, the retinal effects of 10-s laser irradiation from 532 and 860 nm were determined in non-human primates for four different relative dosage combinations of these wavelengths. This pair of wavelengths represents the typical problem of a visible-wavelength laser combined with an in-band, infrared wavelength that is not as well focused at the retina-a situation difficult to address. To add confidence to the experimental results obtained, a theoretical thermodynamic model was developed to predict the minimal damage threshold for simultaneous wavelengths at 1 h post exposure. The new model calculations and the data obtained are compared with results from one currently accepted method of predicting relative exposure limits from multi-wavelength systems. In addition, the current ANSI-Z136-2000 standard was used to compute the combined MPEs for comparison with measured visible lesion thresholds. A total of 12 eyes were exposed using four different ratios of power levels (532/860 power rations) to determine the contribution to the damage levels from each wavelength. The experimental data were analyzed using probit analysis at both 1-h and 24-h post exposure to determine the minimum-visible-lesion (MVL) thresholds at ED50 values, and these thresholds at 24 h varied from 5.6 mW to 17 mW total intraocular power. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Opt Radiat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Ft Hays State Univ, Dept Phys, Hays, KS 67601 USA. USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Northrop Grumman, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. RP Roach, W (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Opt Radiat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM william.roach@brooks.af.mil NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 90 IS 3 BP 241 EP 249 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000180773.07672.af PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 016DG UT WOS:000235600300006 PM 16505621 ER PT J AU Tripp, LD Warm, JS Matthews, G Chiu, P Werchan, P Deaton, JE AF Tripp, LD Warm, JS Matthews, G Chiu, P Werchan, P Deaton, JE TI +Gz acceleration loss of consciousness: Time course of performance deficits with repeated experience SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID G-LOC; EXPOSURE; HYPOXIA; BRAIN AB Objectives: We examine the time course of performance recovery from gravity-induced loss of consciousness (GLOC) and evaluate the utility of exposing participants to repeated bouts of GLOC in promoting recovery time. Background: A substantial number of accidents among fighter pilots have resulted from episodes of GLOC. U.S. Air Force doctrine holds that when pilots experience GLOC, impairment lasts for 24 s, in which there are 12 s of complete unconsciousness and 12 s of confusion. However, there is reason to suspect that performance efficiency associated with GLOC is degraded well before unconsciousness sets in and that more than 24 s are required for performance efficiency to return to baseline levels. Additionally, there is a belief that repeated exposure to GLOC will reduce recovery time. Method: Centrifuge simulators were used to induce GLOC in U.S. Air Force personnel with math and tracking tasks employed to emulate flight performance. Participants were tested once per week for 4 consecutive weeks. Results: On average, performance deficits appeared 7.44 s prior to the onset of unconsciousness and persisted for 55.6 s following the GLOC event. Repeated exposure failed to moderate these results. Conclusion: The temporal course of performance deficits produced by GLOC far exceeds prior estimates. The problem is more serious than previously envisioned and it is not alleviated by repeated exposure to GLOC. Application: U.S. Air Force doctrine regarding the severity of GLOC and the utility of repeated exposure to this problem needs to be revised and these data incorporated into future aircraft auto recovery systems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Crew Protect Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. CHI Syst Inc, Orlando, FL USA. RP Tripp, LD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Crew Protect Branch, 2215 1st St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lloyd.tripp@wpafb.af.mil NR 35 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD SPR PY 2006 VL 48 IS 1 BP 109 EP 120 DI 10.1518/001872006776412144 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 036AH UT WOS:000237042500011 PM 16696261 ER PT J AU Wells, TS Sato, PA Smith, TC Wang, LZL Reed, RJ Ryan, MAK AF Wells, Timothy Steven Sato, Paul A. Smith, Tyler Clain Wang, Linda Zhenling Reed, Robert John Ryan, Margaret Angela Kappel TI Military Hospitalizations among deployed US service members following anthrax vaccination, 1998-2001 SO HUMAN VACCINES LA English DT Article DE anthrax vaccines; vaccine safety; military medicine; military personnel; hospitalizations ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; ADVERSE EVENTS; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNIZATION; HEALTH; SAFETY; ASSOCIATION; PERSONNEL; EXPERIENCE; ILLNESS AB Safety concerns have confronted the Department of Defense Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program since inception in 1998. To determine if anthrax vaccination was associated with an increased risk of hospitalization, a historical cohort study utilizing pre- and post-anthrax-vaccination hospitalizations was undertaken and analyzed with Cox proportional hazards models. The study population consisted of 170,723 active duty US service members who were anthrax-vaccinated and deployed during the time period January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2001. Study outcomes included hospitalizations due to any-cause, 14 broad International Classification of Diseases diagnostic categories, autoimmune organ specific and organ non-specific hospitalizations, and asthma. After adjustment, anthrax vaccination was associated with significantly fewer hospitalizations for any-cause, diseases of the blood and blood forming organs, and diseases of the respiratory system. Comparing anthrax post-vaccination hospitalization experience with the pre-vaccination period resulted in no significant increased hazard for any of the hospitalization outcomes studied. Although there was no apparent increase in risk of morbidity in this study population, the relationship between anthrax vaccine and deployment on health outcomes among US service members needs further study. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Wells, TS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Biomech Branch, Bldg 824,Rm 206,2800 Q St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.wells@wpafb.af.mil NR 38 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI GEORGETOWN PA 810 SOUTH CHURCH STREET, GEORGETOWN, TX 78626 USA SN 1554-8619 J9 HUM VACCINES JI Hum. Vaccines PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 2 IS 2 BP 54 EP 59 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 132YQ UT WOS:000243979200002 PM 17012889 ER PT J AU Kucko, JF Petrosky, JC Reid, JR Yeo, YK AF Kucko, JF Petrosky, JC Reid, JR Yeo, YK TI Non-charge related mechanism affecting capacitive MEMS switch lifetime SO IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE dielectric charging; microelectromechanical system (MEMS); micro-machining; microwave; millimeterwave; reliability AB Capacitive microelectromechanical system switches were operated for extended periods of time while tracking the voltages where the beam pulls-in and releases from the insulator surface. Changes in pull-in voltage are explained with charges tunneling from the beam into the insulator. However, charging cannot account for changes in the release voltage which result in switches sticking to the insulator. Pull-in and release voltage measurements provide valuable information on the processes limiting switch lifetime. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Antenna Technol Branch, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Kucko, JF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. EM jay.kucko@patrick.af.mil NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1531-1309 J9 IEEE MICROW WIREL CO JI IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 3 BP 140 EP 142 DI 10.1109/LMWC.2006.869796 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 023KA UT WOS:000236124400014 ER PT J AU Balster, EJ Zheng, YF Ewing, RL AF Balster, EJ Zheng, YF Ewing, RL TI Feature-based wavelet shrinkage algorithm for image denoising (vol 14, pg 2024, 2005) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Correction C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Balster, EJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1057-7149 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 789 EP 789 DI 10.1109/TIP.2006.870923 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 013IN UT WOS:000235403100024 ER PT J AU Knapp, KJ Boulton, WR AF Knapp, KJ Boulton, WR TI Cyber-warfare threatens corporations: Expansion into commercial environments SO INFORMATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION WARFARE; SECURITY AB On the basis of a review of information warfare literature from 1990 to mid-2005, this article presents a framework of 12 important trends. These trends demonstrate the transformation of information warfare from primarily a military issue into a major commercial issue as well. Corporate IS managers need to understand the growing cyber-war threats and implement appropriate strategies to mitigate risk. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Knapp, KJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM kenneth.knapp@usafa.af.mil NR 81 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 9 PU AUERBACH PUBLICATIONS PI BOCA RATON PA C/O CRC PRESS L L C, 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1058-0530 J9 INFORM SYST MANAGE JI Inf. Syst. Manage. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 23 IS 2 BP 76 EP 87 DI 10.1201/1078.10580530/45925.23.2.20060301/92675.8 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 022DC UT WOS:000236033900009 ER PT J AU Aldrin, JC Kropas-Hughes, CV Knopp, J Mandeville, J Judd, D Lindgren, E AF Aldrin, JC Kropas-Hughes, CV Knopp, J Mandeville, J Judd, D Lindgren, E TI Advanced echo-dynamic measures for the characterisation of multiple ultrasonic signals in aircraft structures SO INSIGHT LA English DT Article ID CLASSIFICATION AB A significant challenge in non-destructive evaluation is the ability to discern signals, originating from a crack and a geometric feature in a part, that are either closely spaced or superimposed in time. An example problem is the ultrasonic inspection of aircraft holes in vertical riser structures with limited accessibility for a transducer from an external wing surface. Characteristics of the path of the ultrasonic signal and the contact condition between the fastener and hole can hinder the use of traditional amplitude dynamics for signal classification and crack detection. A local correlation method was developed to detect the relative shift of signals in time for adjacent transducer locations due to the varying echo dynamics from crack and part geometries. This approach analyses a series of signals from a moving transducer by first accurately aligning the signals to the primary part signal feature and subsequently measuring the shifting of secondary signals of interest within multiple time windows. A methodology is proposed that supplements amplitude dynamic measures with both the change in time and signal variation measures. Feature maps of these dynamic measures are presented to demonstrate the methodology and provide a practical means for classification. Experimental and simulated studies are presented that validate this methodology for several ultrasonic NDE applications. Lastly, an alternative time delay estimation approach is presented for the local correlation method to improve computation time with comparable performance. C1 USAF, Mat Command, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Nondestruct Evaluat Res Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, New London, CT USA. RP Aldrin, JC (reprint author), Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. EM aldrin@computationaltools.com NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU BRITISH INST NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING PI NORTHAMPTON PA 1 SPENCER PARADE, NORTHAMPTON NN1 5AA, NORTHANTS, ENGLAND SN 1354-2575 J9 INSIGHT JI Insight PD MAR PY 2006 VL 48 IS 3 BP 144 EP 148 DI 10.1784/insi.2006.48.3.144 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 023IJ UT WOS:000236120000009 ER PT J AU Sanders, WS Warner, JS Miracle, DB AF Sanders, WS Warner, JS Miracle, DB TI Stability of Al-rich glasses in the Al-La-Ni system SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE thermal stability; glasses; metallic; calorimetry ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUID REGION; METALLIC GLASSES; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; NANOCRYSTALLINE ALLOYS; NANOQUASICRYSTALLINE AB The stability of Al-rich glasses in the Al-La-Ni ternary system has been measured. Glasses with critical thicknesses ranging from 270 to 780 pm have been achieved. An in-situ two-phase amorphous region containing as much as similar to 10 vol.% of nanocrystals was also observed with critical thicknesses ranging from 420 to 950 mu m. Measurements of T-g, T-x and T-l, as well as other empirical measures of thermal stability based on these quantities, confirm the unusual thermal stability of these glasses. These results suggest that bulk Al-based glasses with a maximum critical thickness exceeding I mm may be possible in alloys based on this system. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Miracle, DB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 56 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD MAR PY 2006 VL 14 IS 3 BP 348 EP 351 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2005.06.009 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 995IJ UT WOS:000234093700016 ER PT J AU Kahandawala, MSP Corera, SAP Williams, S Carter, CD Sidhu, SS AF Kahandawala, MSP Corera, SAP Williams, S Carter, CD Sidhu, SS TI Investigation of kinetics of iso-octane ignition under scramjet conditions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE; N-HEPTANE; OXIDATION; FUELS; COMBUSTION AB A single pulse reflected shock tube was used to investigate iso-octane ignition over the temperature range of 900-1400 K at a pressure of similar to 1 atm. To account for the anticipated long ignition delay times at the lower temperatures, long shock tube dwell times (similar to 12 ms) at lower temperature and near atmospheric pressure were achieved by using argon-helium mix as a driver gas. Chemical thermometer experiments were conducted to remove any uncertainties in determining postreflected shock temperatures. The ignition delay data obtained in this study are in good agreement (in the overlap region) with the iso-octane ignition data from a previous shock tube study. However, the activation energy of iso-octane ignition obtained in this study in the lower temperature region (< 1300 K) is significantly smaller (similar to 15 kcal vs. similar to 40 kcal) than that obtained in a previous higher temperature study. The deflagration may be responsible for lowering of activation energy under the conditions of this study. Two detailed iso-octane kinetic models (Air Force Research Laboratory-AFRL and Curran et al.) were used to model the experimental results of this study. The AFRL mechanism showed a good agreement with the experimental iso-octane ignition delays and their temperature dependence. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Sidhu, SS (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM sidhu@udri.udayton.edu NR 27 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 38 IS 3 BP 194 EP 201 DI 10.1002/kin.20155 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 018TF UT WOS:000235787000006 ER PT J AU Fernandez, AI Dotan, I Miller, TM Troe, J Friedman, JF Viggiano, A AF Fernandez, AI Dotan, I Miller, TM Troe, J Friedman, JF Viggiano, A TI Collisional stabilization of highly vibrationally excited o-, m- and p-xylene ions (C8H10+) from 300-900 K and 1-250 Torr SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE xylene; collisional stabilization; unimolecular dissociation; pressure dependence; temperature dependence ID CHARGE-TRANSFER REACTIONS; FLOW TUBE; HIGH-PRESSURE; MOLECULE REACTIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AUTO-IGNITION; META-XYLENE; ETHYLBENZENE; ALKYLBENZENES; BENZENE AB Branching ratios for the reactions of O-2(+) with all three xylene isomers have been measured as a function of temperature over a wide range (300-900 K) at a fixed number density (1.45 x 10(16) molecule cm(-3) of helium) and for in-xylene over an extended buffer gas pressure (50-250 Torr of nitrogen) and temperature (473-623 K) range. Rate constants measured under selected conditions indicate that the reactions proceed at the collisional rate. Two main products were observed in each reaction: the stabilized parent ion, C8H10+ (S) and a dissociative charge transfer product, C7H7+ (D). The ratio of S/D was found to vary significantly with both temperature and pressure. At high pressure very little dissociation occurred. Results of statistical modeling similar to that used in our studies of n-alkylbenzenes represent the data well. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Open Univ, Dept Nat Sci, IL-43107 Raanana, Israel. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. Univ Gottingen, Inst Chem Phys, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Viggiano, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM albert.viggiano@hanscom.af.mil NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 249 BP 379 EP 384 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2005.11.020 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 022TO UT WOS:000236079000045 ER PT J AU Owens, DB Bryant, EM Barlow, JB AF Owens, DB Bryant, EM Barlow, JB TI Free-to-roll investigation of the preproduction F/A-18E powered-approach wing drop SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 10-13, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP AIAA AB A free-to-roll study of the low-speed lateral characteristics of the preproduction F/A-18E was conducted in the NASA Langley 12-Foot Low-Speed Tunnel. In developmental flight tests the F/A-18E unexpectedly experienced uncommanded lateral motions in the power-approach configuration. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of using the free-to-roll technique for the detection of uncommanded lateral motions for the preproduction F/A-18E in the power-approach configuration. The data revealed that this technique in conjunction with static data revealed insight into the cause of the lateral motions. The free-to-roll technique identified uncommanded lateral motions at the same angle-of-attack range as experienced in flight tests. The cause of the uncommanded lateral motions was unsteady asymmetric wing stall. The paper also shows that free-to-roll data or static force and moment data alone are not enough to accurately predict and characterize uncommanded lateral motion. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Flight Dynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Univ Maryland, USAF, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Owens, DB (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Flight Dynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 43 IS 2 BP 466 EP 470 DI 10.2514/1.15721 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 036LD UT WOS:000237071700020 ER PT J AU Millman, DR King, PI Maple, RC Beran, PS Chilton, LK AF Millman, DR King, PI Maple, RC Beran, PS Chilton, LK TI Estimating the probability of failure of a nonlinear aeroelastic system SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; MODELING UNCERTAINTY; FLOW; FLUTTER; SIMULATIONS AB A limit-cycle oscillation (LCO) can be characterized by a subcritical or supercritical bifurcation, and bifurcations are shown to be discontinuities in the stochastic domain. The traditional polynomial-chaos-expansion method, which is a stochastic projection method, is too inefficient for estimating the LCO response surface because of the discontinuities associated with bifurcations. The objective of this research is to extend the stochastic projection method to include the construction of B-spline surfaces in the stochastic domain. The multivariate B-spline problem is solved to estimate the LCO response surface. A Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is performed on this response surface to estimate the probability density function (PDF) of the LCO response. The stochastic projection method via B-splines is applied to the problem of estimating the PDF of a subcritical LCO response of a nonlinear airfoil in inviscid transonic flow. A probability of failure based upon certain failure criteria can then be computed from the estimated PDF. The stochastic algorithm provides a conservative estimate of the probability of failure of this aeroelastic system two orders of magnitude more efficiently than performing an MCS on the governing equations. C1 USAF, Flight Test Ctr, Test Pilot Sch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VASD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Millman, DR (reprint author), USAF, Flight Test Ctr, Test Pilot Sch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 43 IS 2 BP 504 EP 516 DI 10.2514/1.13401 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 036LD UT WOS:000237071700024 ER PT J AU DeLuca, AM Reeder, MF Freeman, J Ol, MV AF DeLuca, AM Reeder, MF Freeman, J Ol, MV TI Flexible- and rigid-wing micro air vehicle: Lift and drag comparison SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 24th Aerodynamic Measurement Technology and Ground Testing Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2004 CL Portland, OR SP AIAA C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL USA. USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP DeLuca, AM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 43 IS 2 BP 572 EP 575 DI 10.2514/1.15643 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 036LD UT WOS:000237071700033 ER PT J AU Hirschfeld, RR Jordan, MH Feild, HS Giles, WF Armenakis, AA AF Hirschfeld, RR Jordan, MH Feild, HS Giles, WF Armenakis, AA TI Becoming team players: Team members' mastery of teamwork knowledge as a predictor of team task proficiency and observed teamwork effectiveness SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE team training; team performance; mental model; multilevel; aggregation ID MENTAL MODELS; GROUP-PERFORMANCE; JOB-PERFORMANCE; ABILITY; WORK; FRAMEWORK; SPECIALIZATION; ANTECEDENTS; PERSONALITY; ADAPTATION AB The authors explored the idea that teams consisting of members who, on average, demonstrate greater mastery of relevant teamwork knowledge will demonstrate greater task proficiency and observed teamwork effectiveness. In particular, the authors posited that team members' mastery of designated teamwork knowledge predicts better team task proficiency and higher observer ratings of effective teamwork, even while controlling for team task proficiency. The authors investigated these hypotheses by developing a structural model and testing it with field data from 92 teams (1,158 team members) in a United States Air Force officer development program focusing on a transportable set of teamwork competencies. The authors obtained proficiency scores on 3 different types of team tasks as well as ratings of effective teamwork from observers. The empirical model supported the authors' hypotheses. C1 Univ Georgia, Terry Coll Business, Dept Management, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, USAF Acad, CO 80840 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Management, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Hirschfeld, RR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Terry Coll Business, Dept Management, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rhirschf@uga.edu NR 44 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC/EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING FOUNDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0021-9010 J9 J APPL PSYCHOL JI J. Appl. Psychol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 91 IS 2 BP 467 EP 474 DI 10.1037/0021-9010.91.2.467 PG 8 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 027AU UT WOS:000236386100017 PM 16551197 ER PT J AU Cain, CP Schuster, KJ Zohner, JJ Stockton, KL Stolarski, DJ Thomas, RJ Rockwell, BA Roach, WP AF Cain, CP Schuster, KJ Zohner, JJ Stockton, KL Stolarski, DJ Thomas, RJ Rockwell, BA Roach, WP TI Visible lesion thresholds with pulse duration, spot size dependency, and model predictions for 1.54-mu m, near-infrared laser pulses penetrating porcine skin SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE Er : glass; laser skin model; skin injury; temperature rise; laser safety; minimum visible lesion; maximum permissible exposure; estimated dose for a 50% probability of laser-induced damage ID RADIATION; NM; DAMAGE AB Er: glass lasers have been in operation with both long pulses (hundreds of microseconds) and Q-switched pulses (50 to 100 ns) for more than 35 yr. The ocular hazards of this laser were reported early, and it was determined that damage to the eye from the 1.54-mu m wavelength occurred mainly in the cornea where light from this wavelength is highly absorbed. Research on skin hazards has been reported only in the past few years because of limited pulse energies from these lasers. Currently, however, with pulse energies in the hundreds of joules, these lasers may be hazardous to the skin in addition to being eye hazards. We report our minimum visible lesion (MVL) threshold measurements for two different pulse durations and three different spot sizes for the 1.54-mu m wavelength using porcine skin as an in vivo model. We also compare our measurements to results from our model, based on the heat transfer equation and the rate process equation. Our MVL-ED50 thresholds for the long pulse (600 mu s) at 24 h postexposure were measured to be 20, 8.1, and 7.4 J cm(-2) for spot diameters of 0.7, 1.0, and 5 mm, respectively. Q-switched laser pulses of 31 ns had lower ED50 (estimated dose for a 50% probability of laser-induced damage) thresholds of 6.1 J cm(-2) for a 5-mm-diam, top-hat spatial profile laser pulse. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Northrop Grumman, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Stolarski, DJ (reprint author), Northrop Grumman, 4241 Woodcock Dr,Suite B-100, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. EM david.stolarski.ctr@brooks.af.mil NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 11 IS 2 AR 024001 DI 10.1117/1.2187987 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 043SY UT WOS:000237623100020 PM 16674191 ER PT J AU Norman, ER Beall, DP Kitley, CA Ly, JQ AF Norman, ER Beall, DP Kitley, CA Ly, JQ TI Intervertebral disk cyst - A case report SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE intervertebral disk; cyst; herniation ID DISCAL CYST AB This case describes a patient who presented with chronic low back pain which developed over the Course Of I year. Imaging revealed a 1.1-cm cystic lesion at the L4-L5 vertebral level posterior to the intervertebral disk. Following both magnetic resonance and computed tomography imaging, diagnosis of intervertebral disk cyst was confirmed by both imaging modalities. A Computed tomography-guided aspiration of the lesion was performed, and the patient was given a course of steroid injections with complete resolution of the lesion. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Kitley, CA (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd,Box 547, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM s6ckitley@usuhs.mil NR 5 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0363-8715 J9 J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO JI J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 30 IS 2 BP 313 EP 315 DI 10.1097/00004728-200603000-00029 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 028HU UT WOS:000236478600029 PM 16628055 ER PT J AU Dalton, SR Fillman, EP Ferringer, T Tyler, W Elston, DM AF Dalton, SR Fillman, EP Ferringer, T Tyler, W Elston, DM TI Smooth muscle pattern is more reliable than the presence or absence of an internal elastic lamina in distinguishing an artery from a vein SO JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Background: Major pathology textbooks suggest that the shape of the vessel and the presence or absence of an internal elastic lamina are the best means to distinguish an artery from a vein. Because the shape of the vessel is highly dependent upon the plane of section, the internal elastic lamina is often cited as a more reliable criterion. After evaluating a patient with superficial thrombophlebitis, in whom these conventional criteria had led to a misdiagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa, we sought to determine whether the pattern of smooth muscle in the media is a more sensitive discriminator between an artery and a vein. Methods: Anatomically identified arteries and veins were harvested from extremity amputation specimens and stored autopsy organ specimens and reviewed by two dermatopathologists who were blinded to the gross pathologist's impression. The biopsies were assessed for the smooth muscle pattern and the presence or absence of an internal elastic lamina. Results: Forty-seven of the 50 cases (94%) were concordant with the pathologist's gross impression using only the smooth muscle pattern to differentiate an artery from a vein. On the basis of the presence or absence of an internal elastic lamina, 41 of 50 cases (82%) were concordant with the prosector's designation of the vessel. Limitations: Vessels were harvested from a variety of sites, with lower extremity vessels predominating. There may be some regional variability not addressed in this study. Conclusion: In this study, the pattern of muscle fibers within the vascular media discriminated between arteries and veins better than assessment of the presence or absence of an internal elastic lamina. Although no single criterion is 100% reliable, assessment of both these criteria may minimize the risk of misinterpreting vessels in the deep dermis and subcutis. C1 Geisinger Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Danville, PA 17822 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Geisinger Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Danville, PA 17822 USA. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), Geisinger Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 100 N Acad Ave, Danville, PA 17822 USA. EM dmelston@geisinger.edu NR 9 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0303-6987 J9 J CUTAN PATHOL JI J. Cutan. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 33 IS 3 BP 216 EP 219 DI 10.1111/j.0303-6987.2006.00419.x PG 4 WC Dermatology; Pathology SC Dermatology; Pathology GA 010QZ UT WOS:000235210500003 PM 16466508 ER PT J AU Ferrante, CJ AF Ferrante, CJ TI Innovative sharing: Shared accounting information as a facilitator of trust and performance SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE accounting information; trust; employee performance AB Creating and maintaining competitive advantage requires firms to foster strategies that encourage and support employees' efforts. In this paper, I report on a large U.S. firm's innovation to share accounting information with employees. Based on data from 258 employees, I report that shared accounting information impacts workers' trust in management and performance. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Management, HG USAFA DFM, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ferrante, CJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Management, HG USAFA DFM, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6H-130, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM claudia.ferrante@usafa.af.mil NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-4748 J9 J ENG TECHNOL MANAGE JI J. Eng. Technol. Manage. PD MAR-JUN PY 2006 VL 23 IS 1-2 BP 54 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.jengtecman.2006.02.005 PG 10 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA 050QG UT WOS:000238102400005 ER PT J AU Pavuk, M Michalek, JE Ketchum, NS AF Pavuk, M Michalek, JE Ketchum, NS TI Prostate cancer in US Air Force veterans of the Vietnam war SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate; TCDD; cancer; Vietnam veterans; Agent Orange; Southeast Asia ID OPERATION RANCH HAND; EPITHELIAL BUD FORMATION; AGENT-ORANGE; SERUM DIOXIN; IN-UTERO; PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY; LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE; ANDROGEN PRODUCTION; UROGENITAL SINUS; RISK ASSESSMENT AB US Air Force veterans of Operation Ranch Hand sprayed herbicides contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin ( TCDD) in Vietnam from 1962 to 1971. Comparisons served in Southeast Asia ( SEA) during the same time period but did not spray herbicides. Here we investigate a potential association between exposure to TCDD and prostate cancer. Data were available for 2516 veterans ( 1019 Ranch Hand and 1497 Comparison) who participated in at least one of six physical examinations starting in 1982 and had a measurement of serum TCDD. We assigned Ranch Hands to two exposure categories: Lower and Higher, based on their median 20-year cumulative TCDD level. In total, 81 Comparison and 59 Ranch Hand prostate cancers were identified between 1 January 1982 and 31 December 2003. We found no overall increase in the risk of prostate cancer in Ranch Hand veterans versus the Comparisons. There was a positive association in Ranch Hand veterans in the Higher TCDD category who served in SEA before 1969 (RR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.11-4.66) when more contaminated herbicides were used, but the number of cases was small (n = 15). A within- group comparison found that in Comparison veterans, time served in SEA was associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer ( RR = 2.18, 95% CI 1.27 - 3.76, 4789 days versusr <= 789 days). No increase in the risk of prostate cancer was observed within the Ranch Hand group in association with TCDD or time served in SEA. These analyses suggest that a longer service in SEA and exposures other than TCDD may have increased the risk of prostate cancer in Comparison veterans. C1 SpecPro Inc, San Antonio, TX 78216 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Pavuk, M (reprint author), SpecPro Inc, 12500 San Pedro Ave,Suite 670, San Antonio, TX 78216 USA. EM mpavuk@specpro-inc.com NR 46 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 184 EP 190 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500448 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 020EG UT WOS:000235890600009 PM 16047038 ER PT J AU Learn, PA Bowers, SP Watkins, KT AF Learn, PA Bowers, SP Watkins, KT TI Laparoscopic hepatic resection using saline-enhanced electrocautery permits short hospital stays SO JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th World Conference of the International-Hepato-Pancreato-Bilary-Association CY JUN, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Int Hepato Pancreato Bilary Assoc DE hepatectomy; laparoscopy; electrocautery ID SOLID LIVER-TUMORS; DEVICE; HEPATECTOMY; EXPERIENCE AB Laparoscopic hepatic resection has been reported to yield lower morbidity and shorter hospital stays than open resection. However, few studies have evaluated patient and technical factors associated with short hospital stays. We conducted a retrospective review of patients undergoing laparoscopic hepatic resection at our institution from May 2002 to February 2004. Patient and operative factors were analyzed with respect to time to discharge. Seventeen patients under-went 10 wedge resections and seven segmentectomies or bisegmentectomies. There were no mortalities, conversions to open procedure, clinically evident bile leaks, or transfusion requirements. Eleven patients were discharged within 24 hours. When compared with those discharged later than 24 hours, there were fewer patients with advanced ASA classification (0 versus 3 in ASA class 3, p < 0.05). With appropriate patient selection, laparoscopic hepatic resections may be safely performed, result in short hospital stays, and are facilitated by technologies such as saline-enhanced electrocautery and endoscopic ultrasound. Information reflected in advanced ASA class may predict patients unlikely to be discharged within 24 hours. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Surg, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Watkins, KT (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Surg, Level 19,Room 060,HSC, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM kevin.watkins@stonybrook.edu NR 23 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1091-255X J9 J GASTROINTEST SURG JI J. Gastrointest. Surg. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 10 IS 3 BP 422 EP 427 DI 10.1016/j.gassur.2005.07.013 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery GA 021UA UT WOS:000236010200019 PM 16504890 ER PT J AU Shima, T Idan, M Golan, OM AF Shima, T Idan, M Golan, OM TI Sliding-mode control for integrated missile autopilot guidance SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance Navigation and Control Conference CY AUG 16-19, 2004 CL Providence, RI SP AIAA ID DESIGN AB A sliding-mode controller is derived for an integrated missile autopilot and guidance loop. Motivated by a differential game formulation of the guidance problem, a single sliding surface, defined using the zero-effort miss distance, is used. The performance of the integrated controller is compared with that of two different two-loop designs. The latter use a sliding-mode controller for the inner autopilot loop and different guidance laws in the outer loop: one uses a standard differential game guidance law, and the other employs guidance logic based on the sliding-mode approach. To evaluate the performance of the various guidance and control solutions, a two-dimensional nonlinear simulation of the missile lateral dynamics and relative kinematics is used, while assuming first-order dynamics for the target evasive maneuvers. The benefits of the integrated design are studied in several endgame interception engagements. Its superiority is demonstrated especially in severe scenarios where spectral separation between guidance and flight control, implicitly assumed in any two-loop design, is less justified. The results validate the design approach of using the zero-effort miss distance to define the sliding surface. C1 RAFAEL, Armament Dev Author Ltd, IL-31021 Haifa, Israel. Technion Israel Inst Technol, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Shima, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Air Vehicles Directorate, Room 304,Bldg 146, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shima_tal@yahoo.com; moshe.idan@technion.ac.il; odedgol@rafael.co.il NR 20 TC 123 Z9 151 U1 7 U2 34 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 29 IS 2 BP 250 EP 260 DI 10.2514/1.14951 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 022MJ UT WOS:000236059600003 ER PT J AU Lu, P Doman, DB Schierman, JD AF Lu, P Doman, DB Schierman, JD TI Adaptive terminal guidance for hypervelocity impact in specified direction SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB The problem of guiding a hypersonic gliding vehicle in the terminal phase to a target location is considered. In addition to the constraints on its final position coordinates, the vehicle must also impact the target from a specified direction with very high precision. The proposed three-dimensional guidance laws take simple proportional forms. The analysis establishes that with appropriately selected guidance parameters the three-dimensional guided trajectory will satisfy these impact requirements. We provide the conditions for the initial online selection of the guidance law parameters for the given impact direction requirement. The vehicle dynamics are explicitly taken into account in the realization of guidance commands. To ensure high accuracy in the impact angle conditions in an operational environment, we develop closed-loop nonlinear adaptation laws for the guidance parameters. We present the complete guidance logic and associated analysis. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed terminal guidance approach. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Barron Associates Inc, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Lu, P (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 2271 Howe Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM plu@iastate.edu; David.Doman@wpafb.af.mil; schierman@bainet.com NR 11 TC 61 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 29 IS 2 BP 269 EP 278 DI 10.2514/1.14367 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 022MJ UT WOS:000236059600005 ER PT J AU Callahan, M Wang, BG Rakes, K Bliss, D Bouthillette, L Suscavage, M Wang, SQ AF Callahan, M Wang, BG Rakes, K Bliss, D Bouthillette, L Suscavage, M Wang, SQ TI GaN single crystals grown on HVPE seeds in alkaline supercritical ammonia SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Solvothermal Reactions CY AUG 24-27, 2004 CL Mysore, INDIA ID AMMONOTHERMAL METHOD; GALLIUM NITRIDE; CRYSTALLIZATION; BULK; ALN AB Ammonothermal growth (synthesis in supercritical (sc) ammonia fluid) has the promise of producing large low defect gallium nitride crystals through the application of techniques similar to those used in hydrothermal growth. Retrograde solubility of GaN greater than 5% by weight using group I amides as mineralizers is demonstrated in high nickel content autoclaves at pressures of one to three kilobars and temperatures between 300 to 600 degrees C. The above conditions were optimized to grow single-crystal GaN at rates up to 40 Am per day on one cm(2) seeds. Gallium nitride Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy (HVPE) seeds are placed in the higher temperature zone below the nutrient basket employing the same configurations used in reverse gradient hydrothermal growth of berlinite (AlPO4). GaN single crystals grown by the ammonothermal technique were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and chemical etching. The nitrogen-terminated face tends to exhibita flatter surface morphology than the gallium-terminated face, which is made up of a series of hexagonal columns. Major impurities in the crystal include potassium from the mineralizer, metals from the autoclave, and oxygen. The nitrogen-terminated face incorporated a lower level of metallic impurities in comparison with the gallium-terminated face. Finally, several process phenomena such as ammonia decomposition, parasitic nucleation of GaN on the autoclave walls, impurity incorporation, and defect generation in single-crystal GaN layers grown on HVPE seeds are identified and their possible mechanisms are discussed. (c) 2006 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Solid State Sci, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. RP Callahan, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM michael.callahan@hanscom.af.mil NR 26 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1399 EP 1407 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-7428-4 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 029IR UT WOS:000236556400017 ER PT J AU Lee, H Coutu, RA Mall, S Leedy, KD AF Lee, H Coutu, RA Mall, S Leedy, KD TI Characterization of metal and metal alloy films as contact materials in MEMS switches SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC-MODULUS; NANOINDENTATION; HARDNESS AB This study presents a basic step toward the selection methodology of electric contact materials for microelectromechamcal systems (MEMS) metal contact switches. This involves the interrelationship between two important parameters, resistivity and hardness, since they provide the guidelines and assessment of contact resistance, wear, deformation and adhesion characteristics of MEMS switches. For this purpose, thin film alloys of three noble metals, platinum (Pt), rhodlum (Rh) and ruthenium (Ru) with gold (Au), were investigated. The interrelationship between resistivity and hardness was established for three levels of alloying of these metals with gold. Thin films of gold (Au), platinum (Pt), ruthenium (Rh) and rhodium (Ru) were also characterized to obtain their baseline data for comparison. All films were deposited on silicon Substrates. When Ru, Rh and Pt are alloyed with Au, their hardness generally decreases but resistivity increases. This decrease or increase was, in general, dependent upon the amount of alloying. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Andong Natl Univ, Sch Adv Mat Engn, Andong 760749, Kyungbuk, South Korea. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu RI Coutu, Ronald/I-7711-2014 NR 18 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 EI 1361-6439 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 3 BP 557 EP 563 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/16/3/011 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 036LQ UT WOS:000237073000011 ER PT J AU Denton, ML Schuster, KJ Rockwell, BA AF Denton, ML Schuster, KJ Rockwell, BA TI Accurate measure of laser irradiance threshold for near-infrared photo-oxidation with a modified confocal microscope SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY-OXFORD LA English DT Article DE confocal microscope; mode-locked near-infrared laser; photo-oxidation; two-photon absorption ID MULTIPHOTON EXCITATION MICROSCOPY; INTRASTROMAL REFRACTIVE SURGERY; VIVO HUMAN SKIN; FEMTOSECOND-LASER; IN-VIVO; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; 2-PHOTON EXCITATION; CELLULAR-RESPONSE; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; PULSES AB Femtosecond mode-locked lasers are now being used routinely in multiphoton fluorescence and autofluorescence spectroscopy, are just beginning to be used in refractive surgery, and may be used in the future diagnosis of skin cancer. Pulses from these lasers induce non-linear effects in resultant tissue interactions. Using a modified confocal microscope with dispersion compensation and accurate measurements of beam diameter, a very low threshold was measured for photochemical oxidation in cultured cells. The measured threshold showed non-linear photo-oxidation at a peak irradiance and photon-flux density of 8.4 x 10(8) W cm(-2) and 3.4 x 10(27) photons cm(-2) s(-1), respectively (90-fs pulse). The impact of these findings is significant to those using ultrashort lasers because they provide a tangible reference point (microscope-independent) for the generation of photo-oxidative stress in laser-exposed tissues, and because they highlight the importance of dispersion compensation in minimizing collateral tissue damage. C1 Northrop Grumman, Life Sci Res & Applicat, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. USAF, Res Lab, HEDO, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Denton, ML (reprint author), Northrop Grumman, Life Sci Res & Applicat, 4241 Woodcock Dr,Suite B-100, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. EM michael.denton.ctr@brooks.af.mil NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2720 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.-Oxf. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 221 BP 164 EP 171 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2006.01557.x PN 3 PG 8 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 024DK UT WOS:000236175000003 PM 16551277 ER PT J AU Yu, F Blodgett, MP Nagy, PB AF Yu, Feng Blodgett, Mark P. Nagy, Peter B. TI Eddy current assessment of near-surface residual stress in shot-peened inhomogeneous nickel-base superalloys SO JOURNAL OF NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advanced Nondestructive Evaluation for Damage Characterization and Remaining Life Estimate CY NOV 13-19, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP ASME DE eddy current; shot peening; inhomogeneity; residual stress AB Recently, it has been shown that shot-peened nickel-base superalloys exhibit an approximately 1% increase in apparent eddy current conductivity at high inspection frequencies, which can be exploited for nondestructive subsurface residual stress assessment. Unfortunately, microstructural inhomogeneity in certain as-forged and precipitation hardened nickel-base superalloys, like Waspaloy, can lead to significantly larger electrical conductivity variations of as much as 4-6%. This intrinsic conductivity variation adversely affects the accuracy of residual stress evaluation in shot-peened and subsequently thermal-relaxed specimens, but does not completely prevent it. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate that the conductivity variation resulting from volumetric inhomogeneities in as-forged engine alloys do not display significant frequency dependence. This characteristic independence of frequency can be exploited to distinguish these inhomogeneities from near-surface residual stress and cold work effects caused by surface treatment, which, in contrast, are strongly frequency-dependent. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. AFRL, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Nagy, PB (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM peter.nagy@uc.edu RI Nagy, Peter/O-5404-2016 OI Nagy, Peter/0000-0001-5715-2409 NR 13 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-9298 J9 J NONDESTRUCT EVAL JI J. Nondestruct. Eval. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 25 IS 1 BP 17 EP 28 DI 10.1007/s10921-006-0003-8 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 074VM UT WOS:000239839900003 ER PT J AU Wohltmann, W AF Wohltmann, W TI Palmoplantar keratoderma as the presenting sign in a peripheral T-cell lymphoma SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 64th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Dermatology CY MAR 03-07, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Acad Dermatol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 54 IS 3 SU S BP AB162 EP AB162 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 017VI UT WOS:000235721001164 ER PT J AU Bartoloni, JA Porteous, NB Zarzabal, LA AF Bartoloni, JA Porteous, NB Zarzabal, LA TI Measuring the validity of two in-office water test kits SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE dental unit waterlines; biofilms; water quality; water microbiology; dental infection control ID DENTAL UNIT WATER; BACTERIAL-CONTAMINATION; MICROBIAL-CONTAMINATION; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; BIOFILMS; SYSTEMS; DISINFECTION; PREVALENCE; EQUIPMENT; RANGE AB Background. The authors conducted a study to determine the validity of two commercially available in-office water test kits compared with a spread plate technique using the gold standard dehydrated culture medium R2A agar for monitoring the quality of dental treatment water. Methods. Over a 12-week period, one author monitored nine dental units in a dental school that each were equipped with an independent water reservoir. The author collected 351 split samples, cultured them using three test methods, counted bacterial colonies manually and assessed validity using two cutoff values: <= 200 colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) (an American Dental Association goal) and: 500 CFU/mL (a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] recommendation and a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA] mandate). Results. Of the 351 split samples processed, the in-office test kits' accuracy ranged from 25 to 69 percent, according to the ADA and CDC/EPA recommendations, compared with the R2A agar. Conclusions. Overall, the in-office test kits underestimated bacteria levels, producing inaccurate measurements of bacterial levels compared with the R2A agar. Clinical Implications. The data suggest that use of the two in-office test kits could result in a lack of compliance, owing to underestimating bacterial contamination with recognized recommendations for dental unit waterline quality. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Bartoloni, JA (reprint author), 2509 Kennedy, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM joseph.bartoloni@brooks.af.mil NR 51 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 137 IS 3 BP 363 EP 371 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 022UO UT WOS:000236081800028 PM 16570470 ER PT J AU Weinstein, JL Phillips, V MacLeod, E Arsenault, M Ferris, AM AF Weinstein, JL Phillips, V MacLeod, E Arsenault, M Ferris, AM TI A universal product code scanner is a feasible method of measuring household food inventory and food use patterns in low-income families SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID REPORTED SHELF INVENTORY; PURCHASE BEHAVIOR; VALIDATION; ADULTS AB This study assesses the feasibility of using a Universal Product Code (UPC) scanner to record the home food inventory of limited-resource families. Feasibility was based on UPC scanner accuracy, time involved, and researcher/study participant feedback. Program staff members completed a traditional line-item inventory and UPC scan of 5,920 food items during 51 separate visits to the homes of 32 families. Foods reported from the UPC scanner were compared with the manual line-item food inventory. The UPC scanner report had an accuracy of 95.6% (5,661/5,920). Further, the UPC scanning technique offered a 31.8% time savings over the traditional line-item inventory approach. The UPC scanner was easy to use and participants reported that scanning food items was non-intrusive. A UPC scanner is a feasible method of recording the home food inventory, and the accuracy and simplicity of this approach can provide useful information on foods available for consumption within a home. C1 USAF, MBA, MS, RD, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Nutr Sci, Storrs, CT USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Nutr Sci Community Med & Publ Hlth, Storrs, CT USA. RP Weinstein, JL (reprint author), USAF, MBA, MS, RD, 60MDSS-SGQD, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM james.weinstein@travis.af.mil NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 106 IS 3 BP 443 EP 445 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2005.12.004 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 018VK UT WOS:000235792700024 PM 16503237 ER PT J AU Devine, JW Cline, RR Farley, JF AF Devine, Joshua W. Cline, Richard R. Farley, Joel F. TI Follow-on biologics: Competition in the biopharmaceutical marketplace SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review DE follow-on biologics; bioequivalence; biopharmaceuticals; generic drugs; economics; Food and Drug Administration AB Objective: To describe the implications of a follow-on biologic approval process with focus on current stakeholders, implications of the status quo, and recommendations for future policy. Data Sources: A search using Medline, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Med Ad News, F-D-C Reports/Pink Sheets, and Google index directories was conducted with terms such as biologic, biopharmaceutical, generic, and follow-on. Study Selection: Articles pertaining to the follow-on biologic debate. Data Extraction: By the authors. Data Synthesis: Over the past decade, the biopharmaceutical market has experienced substantial growth in the number of product approvals and sales. In contrast with prescription medications, biologic agents currently lack an abbreviated regulatory approval process. Evidence from the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984 suggests that reducing barriers to generic competition in the pharmaceutical market successfully increases generic market penetration and reduces overall prices to consumers. Although scientific and regulatory dissimilarities between biopharmaceuticals and other medications exist, a follow-on biologic approval process has the potential to play an important role in containing growth in pharmaceutical spending. In addition to biopharmaceutical and generic biopharmaceutical manufacturers, stakeholders with a vested interest in this debate include individual consumers who continue to bear the burden of spending increases in the pharmaceutical market. Conclusion: The debate over a follow-on process likely will be difficult as parties seek a balance between incentives for biopharmaceutical innovation, consumer safety, and affordability of existing biologic products. C1 Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Care & Hlth Syst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Devine, JW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Care & Hlth Syst, 7-170 Weaver Densford Hall,308 Harvard St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM divi0015@umn.edu NR 40 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 2215 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1544-3191 J9 J AM PHARM ASSOC JI J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 193 EP 204 DI 10.1331/154434506776180595 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA V43YY UT WOS:000202971600011 PM 16602229 ER PT J AU Cespedes, RD AF Cespedes, RD TI Recurrent pelvic floor defects after abdominal sacral colpopexy - Comment SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Cespedes, RD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 175 IS 3 BP 1013 EP 1013 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)00660-9 PN 1 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 011SW UT WOS:000235289400053 ER PT J AU Palekar, NA Naus, R Larson, SP Ward, J Harrison, SA AF Palekar, NA Naus, R Larson, SP Ward, J Harrison, SA TI Clinical model for distinguishing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis from simple steatosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease SO LIVER INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE clinical characteristics; composite index; NAFLD; NASH; serologic markers ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SEVERELY OBESE; FIBROSIS; NASH; ADIPONECTIN; PREDICTORS; PATHOLOGY; SEVERITY; ALPHA AB Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses both simple steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Differentiation of these two entities requires histopathologic evaluation. The aim of this study was to establish a reliable diagnostic model for differentiating steatosis from steatohepatitis utilizing both clinical characteristics and a panel of biochemical markers of lipid peroxidation and fibrosis. Eighty subjects with biopsy proven NAFLD were enrolled, 39 with simple steatosis and 41 with histopathologic evidence of NASH. Demographic and laboratory data to include serologic testing for 8-epi-PGF(2 alpha), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), adiponectin, and hyaluronic acid (HA) were obtained and compared between the two groups. There were significant differences between the two groups with respect to age (P=0.004), female gender (P=0.024), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P=0.028), body mass index (BMI) (P=0.003), fasting insulin (0.018), AST/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio (AAR) (P=0.017), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (P=0.002), and HA (P=0.029). A composite index for distinguishing steatosis from NASH was calculated by summing the risk factors of age >= 50 years, female gender, AST >= 45 IU/l, BMI >= 30 mg/kg(2), AAR >= 0.80, and HA >= 55 mcg/l, and its accuracy was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to be 0.763 (95% CI: 0.650-0.876). The presence of three or more risk factors had a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 73.7%, 65.7%, 68.2%, and 71.4%, respectively. In addition, HA at a cutoff of 45.3 mcg/l was a good predictor of advanced fibrosis. In conclusion, we propose a noninvasive screening model for distinguishing simple steatosis from NASH. Identifying patients at risk for NASH will allow clinicians to more accurately determine who may benefit from liver biopsy. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Dept Clin Invest, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Harrison, SA (reprint author), 1506 Palmer View, San Antonio, TX 78258 USA. EM Stephen.Harrison@cen.amedd.army.mil NR 23 TC 106 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-3223 J9 LIVER INT JI Liver Int. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 151 EP 156 DI 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2005.01209.x PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 008MP UT WOS:000235045200001 PM 16448452 ER PT J AU Choi, YS Parthasarathy, TA Dimiduk, DM Uchic, MD AF Choi, YS Parthasarathy, TA Dimiduk, DM Uchic, MD TI Microstructural effects in Modeling the flow behavior of single-crystal superalloys SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Computational Aspects of Mechanical Properties of Materials held at the 2005 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS ID NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOY; VOLUME FRACTION; DEFORMATION; ASYMMETRY; CREEP; DEPENDENCE; STRAINS; ALLOY AB The deformation behavior of a [001]-oriented single-crystal superalloy (CMSX-4) having a high volume fraction of regularly arrayed cuboidal gamma' precipitates was simulated using a strain-gradient-dependent plasticity description for the gamma matrix and an anisotropic elasticity description for the gamma' precipitate. A unit-cell mesh was adopted to represent the gamma/gamma' microstructure. Numerical studies focused on clarification of the cause of the tension-compression (T-C) asymmetry in single-crystal superalloys. The numerical results suggest that the deformation-constraint effect induced by the gamma/gamma' geometry gives rise to a T-C asymmetry that is different in both sign and magnitude for the elasticplastic transition regime and the fully plastic regime. C1 UES Inc, Mat & Proc Div, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. AFRL, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Choi, YS (reprint author), UES Inc, Mat & Proc Div, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM ychoi@ues.com RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 37A IS 3 BP 545 EP 550 DI 10.1007/s11661-006-0026-x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 018UX UT WOS:000235791400004 ER PT J AU Kar, S Searles, T Lee, E Viswanathan, GB Tiley, J Banerjee, R Fraser, HL AF Kar, S Searles, T Lee, E Viswanathan, GB Tiley, J Banerjee, R Fraser, HL TI Modeling the tensile properties in beta-processed alpha/beta Ti alloys SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Computational Aspects of Mechanical Properties of Materials held at the 2005 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS ID TITANIUM-ALLOYS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NEURAL-NETWORKS; DEFORMATION; MICROSTRUCTURE AB The development of a set of cornputational tools that permit microstructurally based predictions for the tensile properties of commercially important titanium alloys, such as Ti-6Al-4V, is a valuable step toward the accelerated maturation of materials. This paper will discuss the development of neural network models based on a Bayesian framework to predict the yield and ultimate tensile strengths of Ti-6Al-4V at room temperature. The development of such rules-based model requires the population of extensive databases, which in the present case are micro structurally based. The steps involved in database development include producing controlled variations of the microstructure using novel approaches to heat treatments, the use of standardized stereology protocols to characterize and quantify microstructural features rapidly, and mechanical testing of the heat-treated specimens. These databases have been used to train and test neural network models for prediction of tensile properties. In addition, these models have been used to identify the influence of individual microstructural features on the tensile properties, consequently guiding the efforts toward development of more robust mechanistically based models. Based on the neural network model, it is possible to investigate the influence of individual microstructural features on the tensile properties, and in certain cases these dependencies can point toward unrecognized phenomena. For example, the apparently unexpected trend of increase in tensile strength with increasing prior beta-grain size has led to the determination of the pronounced role of the basketweave microstructure in strengthening these alloys, especially in case of larger prior beta grains. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Kar, S (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM sujoy.kar@gmail.com NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 22 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 37A IS 3 BP 559 EP 566 DI 10.1007/s11661-006-0028-8 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 018UX UT WOS:000235791400006 ER PT J AU Hughes, JR Miller, MA Farr, WD Hughes, TM AF Hughes, JR Miller, MA Farr, WD Hughes, TM TI Survey of US army commanders' experiences with brigade/battalion surgeons at Fort Hood, Texas SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PRACTICE RESIDENCY PROGRAMS; MEDICINE TOPICS TAUGHT; EXTENT AB This anonymous survey sent to every battalion and brigade commander at Fort Hood, Texas assessed the new concept of residency-trained operational physicians that had completed military unique curriculum series training. Commanders provided anonymous professional information about themselves and their assigned physicians and evaluated their physicians in 22 areas of medical and military competence using a linear scoring method from 2 (indicating poor) to 6 (indicating outstanding). Main effects and interaction effects were analyzed using multiple analysis of variance. The commanders' overall confidence in their physicians was 5.4, suggesting general satisfaction. Prior-service physicians were rated higher on several factors if the commander had combat experience. Nonprior-service physicians were rated the same on nearly all variables regardless of the commander's experience. Commanders with combat experience rated their assigned physicians significantly higher than did commanders without combat experience. Despite high ratings, several candid remarks suggest there is still room for improvement. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Darnall Army Community Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. ATTN AOMD, USA Special Operat Command, Ft Bragg, NC 28310 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Hughes, JR (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 171 IS 3 BP 240 EP 245 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 022II UT WOS:000236048500015 PM 16602524 ER PT J AU Hafiane, A Chaudhuri, S Seetharaman, G Zavidovidue, B AF Hafiane, A Chaudhuri, S Seetharaman, G Zavidovidue, B TI Region-based CBIR in GIS with local space filling curves to spatial representation SO PATTERN RECOGNITION LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Pattern Recognition in Remote Sensing Workshop CY AUG 27, 2004 CL Kingston Univ, Kingston Upon Thames, ENGLAND SP Int Assoc Pattern Recognit HO Kingston Univ DE motif co-occurrence matrix; peano scan; region-based image retrieval; spatial relationship; *-tree; fuzzy c-means clustering ID IMAGE DATABASES; RETRIEVAL; SIMILARITY AB In this paper we present a region-based retrieval method for satellite images using motif co-occurrence matrix (MCM) in conjunction with spatial relationships. Each image is decomposed into coherent segments, MCM is computed for each region and the spatial relationship among them are evaluated by using a *-tree representation. The image is represented by an attributed relational graph (ARG) where nodes contain the visual feature (MCM) and edges represent spatial relationship. Principal component analysis show the usefulness of MCM as a feature. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Paris 11, Inst Elect Fondamentale, F-91405 Orsay, France. Indian Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hafiane, A (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, Inst Elect Fondamentale, Bat 220, F-91405 Orsay, France. EM adel.hafiane@ief.u-psud.fr NR 22 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8655 J9 PATTERN RECOGN LETT JI Pattern Recognit. Lett. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 27 IS 4 BP 259 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.patree.2005.08.007 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 007CS UT WOS:000234946000007 ER PT J AU Trinkle, DR Jones, MD Hennig, RG Rudin, SP Albers, RC Wilkins, JW AF Trinkle, DR Jones, MD Hennig, RG Rudin, SP Albers, RC Wilkins, JW TI Empirical tight-binding model for titanium phase transformations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; PHONON DISPERSIONS; FORCE-CONSTANTS; BRILLOUIN-ZONE; SPECIAL POINTS; NOBLE-METALS; TRANSITION; OMEGA; DYNAMICS; ALPHA AB For a previously published study of the titanium hexagonal close packed (alpha) to omega (omega) transformation, a tight-binding model was developed for titanium that accurately reproduces the structural energies and electron eigenvalues from all-electron density-functional calculations. We use a fitting method that matches the correctly symmetrized wave functions of the tight-binding model to those of the density-functional calculations at high symmetry points. The structural energies, elastic constants, phonon spectra, and point-defect energies predicted by our tight-binding model agree with density-functional calculations and experiment. In addition, a modification to the functional form is implemented to overcome the "collapse problem" of tight binding, necessary for phase transformation studies and molecular dynamics simulations. The accuracy, transferability, and efficiency of the model makes it particularly well suited to understanding structural transformations in titanium. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Trinkle, Dallas/E-6609-2010; Hennig, Richard/A-2978-2008 OI Hennig, Richard/0000-0003-4933-7686 NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2006 VL 73 IS 9 AR 094123 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.094123 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 028DM UT WOS:000236467100069 ER PT J AU Perlovsky, LI AF Perlovsky, Leonid I. TI Toward physics of the mind: Concepts, emotions, consciousness, and symbols SO PHYSICS OF LIFE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE the mind; physics; emotions; concepts; consciousness; the knowledge instinct ID NEURAL NETWORKS; GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY; EVOLUTION; LANGUAGE; CHILDREN AB Mathematical approaches to modeling the mind since the 1950s are reviewed, including artificial intelligence, pattern recognition, and neural networks. I analyze difficulties faced by these algorithms and neural networks and relate them to the fundamental inconsistency of logic discovered by Godel. Mathematical discussions are related to those in neurobiology, psychology, cognitive science, and philosophy. Higher cognitive functions are reviewed including concepts, emotions, instincts, understanding, imagination, intuition, consciousness. Then, I describe a mathematical formulation, unifying the mind mechanisms in a psychologically and neuro-biologically plausible system. A mechanism of the knowledge instinct drives our understanding of the world and serves as a foundation for higher cognitive functions. This mechanism relates aesthetic emotions and perception of beauty to "everyday" functioning of the mind. ne article reviews mechanisms of human symbolic ability. I touch on future directions: joint evolution of the mind, language, consciousness, and cultures; mechanisms of differentiation and synthesis; a manifold of aesthetic emotions in music and differentiated instinct for knowledge. I concentrate on elucidating the first principles;, review aspects of the theory that have been proven in laboratory research, relationships between the mind and brain; discuss unsolved problems, and outline a number of theoretical predictions, which will have to be tested in future mathematical simulations and neuro-biological research. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Perlovsky, LI (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 80 Scott Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM leonid.perlovsky@hanscom.af.mil NR 122 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 5 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1571-0645 EI 1873-1457 J9 PHYS LIFE REV JI Phys. Life Rev. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 3 IS 1 BP 23 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.plrev.2005.11.003 PG 33 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 190FK UT WOS:000248043500002 ER PT J AU Wetterer, CJ Bloomer, RH Caton, DB AF Wetterer, CJ Bloomer, RH Caton, DB TI Photometric study of the eccentric-orbit binary V1147 Cygni SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID STAR LIGHT; CURVES; CYGNI AB We report photometric observations, an analysis of the resulting light curve, and a preliminary model for the eclipsing binary V1147 Cygni (GSC 2660-2608; m(V) =12.0) V1147 Cyg is a detached eclipsing system of A-type stars. The sidereal period of the system is 15.2513228(7) days, with an eccentric orbit of e = 0.275(12) and evidence of apsidal motion on the order of 0.degrees 80(11) per century. Our analysis indicates that the stars are well separated and should yield precise main-sequence dimensions. Thus, this is a valuable system in several respects. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Dept Phys, Bristol, TN 37620 USA. Appalachian State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Boone, NC 28608 USA. RP Wetterer, CJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM charles.wetterer@usafa.edu; rhbloome@king.edu; catondb@appstate.edu NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 118 IS 841 BP 436 EP 441 DI 10.1086/499630 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 029RQ UT WOS:000236582500010 ER PT J AU Jumper, JM Scribbick, FW Ho, J Reed, JB AF Jumper, J. Michael Scribbick, Frank W. Ho, Janie Reed, J. Brian TI Pathologic evaluation of radial optic neurotomy in an animal model SO RETINA-THE JOURNAL OF RETINAL AND VITREOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE animal model; histology; optic nerve; pathology; radial optic neurotomy ID RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION C1 W Coast Retina Med Grp, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Ophthalmol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Jumper, JM (reprint author), W Coast Retina Med Grp, 185 Berry St,Suite 130, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA. EM JMJumper@WestCoastRetina.com NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0275-004X J9 RETINA-J RET VIT DIS JI Retin.-J. Retin. Vitr. Dis. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 362 EP 364 DI 10.1097/00006982-200603000-00021 PG 3 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 100QW UT WOS:000241684700021 PM 16508443 ER PT J AU Zoghi, M Foster, DC AF Zoghi, M Foster, DC TI Post-strengthening prestressed concrete bridges via post-tensioned CFRP-laminates SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In accordance with the ASCE's 2005 Report Card, 27.1% (160,570) of nation's 590,750 bridges are rated structurally deficient or functionally obsolete. It will cost nearly $9.4 billion a year for the next 20 years to eliminate all bridge infrastructure related deficiencies. The Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA's) strategic plan mandates that this number should decrease to less than 25% by 2008. Advanced composite materials are considered to be an innovative solution for repair, strengthening, or replacement of substandard bridges. The application of advanced carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite prestressing laminates, utilized to rehabilitate the severely deteriorated sidewalk beams of a 6-span precast-prestressed concrete box beam bridge will be presented here. In this innovative application, the first of its kind in the United States, the CFRP laminates are post-tensioned and bonded to the bottom surface of deteriorated sidewalk beams. Capitalizing on CFRPs inherent light-weight and handling qualities, all work was accomplished expediently from scaffolding that was suspended from the bridge without using any special tools. The project, one of two bridges repaired utilizing this approach, was sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) through the Innovative Bridge Research and Construction (IBRC) Program. The design methodology along with construction issues identified in the design phase and their resolution during construction will be discussed herein. C1 Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. AFRL, MLBCM Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH USA. RP Zoghi, M (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 42 IS 2 BP 24 EP 30 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 017MZ UT WOS:000235699000002 ER PT J AU Dimiduk, DM Koslowski, M LeSar, R AF Dimiduk, DM Koslowski, M LeSar, R TI Preface to the viewpoint set on: Statistical mechanics and coarse graining of dislocation behavior for continuum plasticity SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Editorial Material DE dislocation dynamics; dislocation structure; plastic deformation; micromechanical modeling; statistical mechanics ID STRAIN GRADIENT PLASTICITY; CONTINUOUS DISTRIBUTIONS AB The technical communities of solid mechanics, mechanical engineering, computational mechanics. and materials science and engineering invest significant effort to develop physically-based models of material plasticity. However, a comprehensive macroscopic model based entirely on the unit mechanisms at microscopic scales remains elusive.. especially for crystalline solids. Internationally.. researchers have recently begun to build a new framework for crystal plasticity based on the statistical mechanics of dislocation motion and coarse graining of dislocation ensemble effects. We have assembled a viewpoint set that describes recent advances in theory, modeling and experiments, to which this article serves as an introduction. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dimiduk, DM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dennis.dimiduk@wpafb.af.mil RI Koslowski, Marisol/B-3123-2008; LeSar, Richard/G-1609-2012 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 54 IS 5 BP 701 EP 704 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.11.027 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 004TO UT WOS:000234775400001 ER PT J AU Uchic, MD Dimiduk, DM Wheeler, R Shade, PA Fraser, HL AF Uchic, MD Dimiduk, DM Wheeler, R Shade, PA Fraser, HL TI Application of micro-sample testing to study fundamental aspects of plastic flow SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE micro-sample testing; compression test; size effects; strain bursts ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MEMS MATERIALS; THIN-FILMS; SIZE; SCALE; DEFORMATION; METHODOLOGY; STRENGTH AB Mechanical testing of micron-size samples provides distinct advantages over macroscopic testing for quantifying the fundamental processes governing plastic flow, such as the exploration of intrinsic size effects and direct, quantitative measures of strain heterogeneity and intermittency. Future advances include an expanded range of testing and data acquisition parameters, including spatially-localized displacement measurements. (c) 2005 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Uchic, MD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLMD, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.uchic@wpafb.af.mil RI Shade, Paul/H-6459-2011 NR 20 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 54 IS 5 BP 759 EP 764 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.11.016 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 004TO UT WOS:000234775400011 ER PT J AU Beall, DP Ritchie, ER Campbell, SE Tran, HN Ingari, JV Sanders, TG Grayson, DE Mundis, G Lehman, TP Fish, JR AF Beall, DP Ritchie, ER Campbell, SE Tran, HN Ingari, JV Sanders, TG Grayson, DE Mundis, G Lehman, TP Fish, JR TI Magnetic resonance imaging appearance of the flexor carpi radialis tendon after harvest in ligamentous reconstruction tendon interposition arthroplasty SO SKELETAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tendon; magnetic resonance; wrist ID ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; SEMITENDINOSUS TENDON; BASAL JOINT; REGENERATION; THUMB AB To determine whether the post-harvest magnetic resonance (MR) imaging appearance of flexor carpi radialis (FCR) tendons, harvested during ligamentous reconstruction tendon interposition (LRTI) of the thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint arthroplasty, is consistent with tendon regeneration. Operative reports and patient medical records for all patients undergoing LRTI arthroplasty between 1995 and 2003 at our institution were reviewed. MR images of the patients' forearms and wrists were obtained and interpreted by two musculoskeletal radiologists. Using the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) tendon as an internal standard, the extent of FCR tendon regeneration was expressed as a percentage by dividing the volume of regenerated FCR tendon by the volume of the FCU tendon. Fourteen patients who had the full thickness of the FCR tendon harvested and who were available for MR imaging were identified and included in the study. At least partial regeneration of the FCR tendon occurred in 11 of the 14 patients (79%). Of these, 2 patients (14%), demonstrated complete, or nearly complete regeneration. Partial regeneration of the FCR tendon was seen in 9 of the 14 patients (64%). In 3 patients (21%), there was no appreciable regeneration of the FCR tendon. Among patients who underwent full-thickness harvest of the FCR tendon for LRTI arthroplasty of the first CMC joint, the follow-up MR imaging appearance of the flexor carpi radialis tendon was consistent with tendon regeneration in 79% of those examined. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Fish, JR (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, OU Phys Bldg Suite 1437,825 NE 10th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. EM Jon-Fish@ouhsc.edu NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-2348 J9 SKELETAL RADIOL JI Skeletal Radiol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 3 BP 144 EP 148 DI 10.1007/s00256-005-0051-7 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Orthopedics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 011ZU UT WOS:000235308800003 PM 16365744 ER PT J AU Ehlerding, A Viggiano, AA Hellberg, F Thomas, RD Zhaunerchyk, V Geppert, WD Montaigne, H Kaminska, M Osterdahl, F af Ugglas, M Larsson, M Novotny, O Mitchell, JBA LeGarrec, JL Florescu-Mitchell, AI Rebrion-Rowe, C Svendsen, A El Ghazaly, MA Anderseng, LH AF Ehlerding, A Viggiano, AA Hellberg, F Thomas, RD Zhaunerchyk, V Geppert, WD Montaigne, H Kaminska, M Osterdahl, F af Ugglas, M Larsson, M Novotny, O Mitchell, JBA LeGarrec, JL Florescu-Mitchell, AI Rebrion-Rowe, C Svendsen, A El Ghazaly, MA Anderseng, LH TI The dissociative recombination of fluorocarbon ions III: CF2+ and CF3+ SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IMPACT DISSOCIATION; ABSOLUTE CROSS-SECTIONS; NEUTRAL RADICALS; CF4; PLASMA; SIMULATION; CHEMISTRY; DYNAMICS; BEAM; HEH+ AB Cross sections and branching ratios are presented for the dissociative recombination of the CF2+ and C-3(+) ions with electrons. It is found that the channel producing CF + F is dominant for the reaction with CF2+ and the production of CF2 + F is dominant for the reaction with CF3+. The cross sections for these two ions are very similar. C1 Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Swietokrzska Acad, PL-25406 Kielce, Poland. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Stockholm Univ, Manne Siegbahn Inst, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6627, PALMS, Rennes, France. Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Dept Elect & Vacuum Phys, Prague 2, Czech Republic. Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. RP Ehlerding, A (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RI Novotny, Oldrich/K-6691-2013; Svendsen, Annette/G-9893-2014; El Ghazaly, Mohamed/E-9896-2015; Zhaunerchyk, Vitali/E-9751-2016 OI Novotny, Oldrich/0000-0003-2520-343X; El Ghazaly, Mohamed/0000-0002-0916-7558; NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD FEB 28 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 4 BP 805 EP 812 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/39/4/006 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 038JD UT WOS:000237214800010 ER PT J AU Mahalingam, K Eyink, KG Brown, GJ Dorsey, DL Kisielowski, CF Thust, A AF Mahalingam, K Eyink, KG Brown, GJ Dorsey, DL Kisielowski, CF Thust, A TI Quantifying stoichiometry of mixed-cation-anion III-V semiconductor interfaces at atomic resolution SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INAS/GASB SUPERLATTICES; MULTIVARIATE-STATISTICS; MICROSCOPY; FAMILY; HRTEM; LAYER AB Employing the focal-series reconstruction technique in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, we obtained true atomic resolution images of interfacial disorder within cation and anion sublattices across interfaces in an InGaSb/InAs heterostructure. This enabled independent quantitative mapping of changes in the In-Ga and As-Sb contents across interfacial regions similar to 0.6 nm in width. A comparison of the cation and anion sublattice images revealed that intermixing at the InGaSb-on-InAs interface is confined to the In-Ga sublattice. Also, atomic scale roughness within the As-Sb sublattice of the InAs-on-InGaSb interface was discerned. This approach is general, permitting atomic-scale compositional analysis of heterointerfaces with two species per sublattice. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NCEM, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Mahalingam, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM krishnamurthy.mahalingam@wpafb.af.mil RI Thust, Andreas/K-5856-2013 OI Thust, Andreas/0000-0001-6416-7617 NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 27 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 9 AR 091904 DI 10.1063/1.2178771 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 018AY UT WOS:000235736300028 ER PT J AU Hager, CH Sanders, JH Sharma, S AF Hager, CH Sanders, JH Sharma, S TI Effect of high temperature on the characterization of fretting wear regimes at Ti6Al4V interfaces SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE fretting; wear; Ti6Al4V; gross slip; partial stick; hysteresis loop; fretting map; high temperature ID TRIBOLOGICALLY TRANSFORMED STRUCTURE; INDEPENDENT PAD DISPLACEMENT; FATIGUE RESISTANCE; TITANIUM-ALLOYS; BEHAVIOR; COATINGS; FRICTION; TI-6AL-4V; COEFFICIENT; TRANSITION AB Fretting wear is a destructive phenomenon that can accelerate crack initiation in vibrating components, leading to premature catastrophic failures. Among the most important characteristics of fretting is the transition from mixed fretting wear to gross slip because of its detrimental effects on fatigue life. In this paper, a study was conducted that characterized the critical normal loads and displacements corresponding to this transition in Ti6Al4V interfaces at room temperature and 450 degrees C (842 degrees F). Experimental testing shows that there is a relationship between critical load and displacement that is temperature dependant. Tests conducted at or near the critical values of load and displacement exhibited extreme galling and evidence of cold welding. In the gross slip tests, the measured coefficient of friction also varied with applied load, which correlates with the Hertzian contact model. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rghts reserved. C1 Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. AFRL, MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hager, CH (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, 1270 N Fairfirld Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM carl.hager@wpafb.af.mil NR 45 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD FEB 24 PY 2006 VL 260 IS 4-5 BP 493 EP 508 DI 10.1016/j.wear.2005.03.011 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 018RK UT WOS:000235782300017 ER PT J AU Ober, DM Wilson, GR Maynard, NC Burke, WJ Siebert, KD AF Ober, DM Wilson, GR Maynard, NC Burke, WJ Siebert, KD TI MHD simulation of the transpolar potential after a solar-wind density pulse SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; TANGENTIAL ELECTRIC-FIELD; IONOSPHERIC CONVECTION; CURRENT SYSTEM; HILL MODEL; JANUARY 10; MAGNETOSPHERE; MAGNETOPAUSE; POLAR; SATURATION AB On 10 January 1997 an isolated solar wind density pulse, with other interplanetary parameters remaining steady, led to an enhanced transpolar potential (Phi(TP)) that is not predicted by either the Weimer or Siscoe-Hill models. However, a magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the magnetosphere's response to a sudden increase in solar wind density does predict an Phi(TP) increase consistent with satellite observations during the 10 January 1997 event. The response is transient, decaying after several tens of minutes toward an equilibrium that is close to the original potential. The simulated Phi(TP) increase derives from erosion of the dayside magnetopause and transport of newly opened flux across the polar cap. The exponential decay of Phi(TP) results from inductance in the magnetosphere-ionosphere circuit. C1 ATK Mission Res, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Ober, DM (reprint author), ATK Mission Res, 589 W Hollis St, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. EM daniel.ober@atk.com NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 23 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 4 AR L04106 DI 10.1029/2005GL024655 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 021DZ UT WOS:000235965200001 ER PT J AU Henderson, WA Young, VG Passerini, S Trulove, PC De Long, HC AF Henderson, WA Young, VG Passerini, S Trulove, PC De Long, HC TI Plastic phase transitions in N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfony)imide SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID IONIC LIQUIDS; MOLECULAR MOTIONS; CRYSTAL PHASES; PYRROLIDINIUM CATIONS; DICYANAMIDE ANION; ORGANIC SALTS; MOLTEN-SALTS; AMMONIUM; HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; ALKYLPYRROLIDINIUM AB The salt N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PYR12TFSI) undergoes several solid-solid phase transitions before melting at 91 degrees C. At -120 degrees C, the crystal structure consists of ordered ions (phase IV). After the solid-solid phase transition at -85 degrees C, however, all of the PYR12+ and TFSI- ions become disordered, forming a plastic crystalline phase (phase III). We report here the PYR12TFSI phase III and IV structures determined from single-crystal diffraction data using the same crystal. The two structures are compared to elucidate the mechanism of the phase transition and gain a greater understanding of disordering modes of ions in the solid state. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Xray Crystallog Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. ENEA, Casaccia Res Ctr, I-00060 Rome, Italy. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Trulove, PC (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM trulove@usna.edu RI Passerini, Stefano/A-3859-2015 OI Passerini, Stefano/0000-0002-6606-5304 NR 36 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD FEB 21 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 BP 934 EP 938 DI 10.1021/cm051936f PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 014FY UT WOS:000235466000012 ER PT J AU Poutsma, JC Midey, AJ Viggiano, AA AF Poutsma, JC Midey, AJ Viggiano, AA TI Absolute rate coefficients for the reactions of O-2(-)+N(S-4(3/2)) and O-2(-)+O(P-3) at 298 K in a selected-ion flow tube instrument SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY; AFTERGLOW AB The absolute rate coefficients at 298 K for the reactions of O-2(-)+N(S-4(3/2)) and O-2(-)+O(P-3) have been determined in a selected-ion flow tube instrument. O atoms are generated by the quantitative titration of N atoms with NO, where the N atoms are produced by microwave discharge on N-2. The experimental procedure allows for the determination of rate constants for the reaction of the reactant ion with N(S-4(3/2)) and O(P-3). The rate coefficient for O-2(-)+N is found to be 2.3x10(-10)+/- 40% cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), a factor of 2 slower than previously determined. In addition, it was found that the reaction proceeds by two different reaction channels to give (1) NO2+e(-) and (2) O-+NO. The second channel was not reported in the previous study and accounts for ca. 35% of the reaction. An overall rate coefficient of 3.9x10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) was determined for O-2(-)+O, which is slightly faster than previously reported. Branching ratios for this reaction were determined to be < 55%O-3+e(-) and > 45%O-+O-2. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Chem, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM albert.viggiano@hanscom.af.mil NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 21 PY 2006 VL 124 IS 7 AR 074301 DI 10.1063/1.2168152 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 014IP UT WOS:000235473500009 PM 16497030 ER PT J AU Henderson, WA Herstedt, M Young, VG Passerini, S De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Henderson, WA Herstedt, M Young, VG Passerini, S De Long, HC Trulove, PC TI New disordering mode for TFSI- anions: The nonequilibrium, plastic crystalline structure of Et4NTFSI SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IONIC LIQUIDS; MOLTEN-SALTS; TETRAETHYLAMMONIUM CATION; POLYMER ELECTROLYTE; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; BEHAVIOR; PHASES; IMIDE AB A new TFSI- anion disordering mode has been discovered in a supercooled plastic crystalline phase of Et4NTFSI, which may, in part, account for the low melting points of TFSI- salts with organic cations, thereby forming ionic liquids, and the intriguing properties of LiTFSI for lithium battery applications. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Bordeaux 1, Lab Physicochim Mol, UMR 5803, CNRS, F-33405 Talence, France. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Xray Crystallog Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. ENEA, Casaccia Res Ctr, I-00060 Rome, Italy. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Trulove, PC (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM trulove@usna.edu RI Passerini, Stefano/A-3859-2015 OI Passerini, Stefano/0000-0002-6606-5304 NR 25 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD FEB 20 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1412 EP 1414 DI 10.1021/ic0513742 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 014LD UT WOS:000235480700003 PM 16471945 ER PT J AU Kirawanich, P Gleason, D Yakura, SJ Islam, NE AF Kirawanich, P Gleason, D Yakura, SJ Islam, NE TI Electromagnetic topology quasisolutions for aperture interactions using transmission line matrix SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL-SOLUTION AB A hybrid simulation technique that integrates transmission line matrix method with electromagnetic topology solutions has been employed to link a field scattering problem at an aperture in order to analyze the frequency and temporal characteristics of electromagnetic pulses. Using this same unified multiconductor transmission line network formulation any subsequent coupling with cables at the other side of the aperture can be integrated into the solution. The hybrid circuit can also be integrated to any existing topological simulation circuit for analyzing very large electrical systems. Incorporation of the compaction technique in the topological simulation reduces the number of simulation grids significantly, resulting in efficient computation without sacrificing accuracy. The simulation results for scattering fields at the aperture compare well with the finite-difference time domain method. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, AFRL,DEHE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Kirawanich, P (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM islamn@missouri.edu NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 4 AR 044910 DI 10.1063/1.2173690 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 016ZF UT WOS:000235663100065 ER PT J AU Heimer, NE Del Sesto, RE Meng, ZZ Wilkes, JS Carper, WR AF Heimer, NE Del Sesto, RE Meng, ZZ Wilkes, JS Carper, WR TI Vibrational spectra of imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS LA English DT Article DE ionic liquid; Raman spectra; vibrational spectra; imidazolium tetrafluoroborates ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; TEMPERATURE MOLTEN-SALTS; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; C-13 NMR RELAXATION; X-RAY-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; 1-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS; REORIENTATIONAL DYNAMICS; CHLOROALUMINATE MELTS AB The Raman and infrared spectra of a series of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids ([C2-4MIM][BF4]) are reported and analyzed using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and RHF methods at the 6-311+G(2d,p) computational level. The B3LYP (DFT) and RHF calculations reproduce the vibrational spectra of 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate [EMIM][BF4], 1-propyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate [PMIM][BF4] and 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIM][BF4] using correction factors of 0.963-0.967 (DFT) and 0.913-0.916 (RHF) with correlation coefficients R-2 of 0.999 using the fully optimized structures. Theoretical (DFT) alkyl side chain conformational changes in the 1-alkyl-3-methyl tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids have only a limited effect on the theoretical gas phase vibrations. The gas phase molecular structures of the [C2-4MIM][BF4] ion pairs suggest hydrogen bonding interactions between the fluorine atoms of the BF4- anion and the C2 hydrogen on the imidazolium ring. Additional interactions are observed between [BF4] and H atoms on the adjacent alkyl side chains in all polymorphic structures. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Wichita State Univ, Dept Chem, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Carper, WR (reprint author), Wichita State Univ, Dept Chem, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. EM Bob.Carper@wichita.edu NR 61 TC 145 Z9 148 U1 5 U2 75 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7322 J9 J MOL LIQ JI J. Mol. Liq. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 124 IS 1-3 BP 84 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.molliq.2005.08.004 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 013MF UT WOS:000235412700015 ER PT J AU Wei, C Dai, LM Roy, A Tolle, TB AF Wei, C Dai, LM Roy, A Tolle, TB TI Multifunctional chemical vapor sensors of aligned carbon nanotube and polymer composites SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 Univ Dayton, Sch Engn, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dai, LM (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Sch Engn, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM ldai@udayton.edu NR 11 TC 200 Z9 206 U1 6 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD FEB 8 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 5 BP 1412 EP 1413 DI 10.1021/ja0570335 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 010UZ UT WOS:000235224700008 PM 16448087 ER PT J AU Oh, SJ Lee, HJ Keum, DK Lee, SW Wang, DH Park, SY Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Oh, SJ Lee, HJ Keum, DK Lee, SW Wang, DH Park, SY Tan, LS Baek, JB TI Multiwalled carbon nanotubes and nanofibers grafted with polyetherketones in mild and viscous polymeric acid SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; carbon nanofibers; nanocomposites ID POLYPHOSPHORIC ACID/P2O5; COMPOSITES; FIBERS; DISPERSION; POLYSTYRENE; MICROSCOPY; DEFECTS AB Direct covalent attachment of amorphous and semicrystalline polyetherketones onto the surface of either an as-received multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) or a vapor-grown carbon nanofiber (VGCNF) in polyphosphoric acid (PPA) with optimized P2O5 content resulted in uniform grafting of polyetherketones to these carbon nanoscale materials. Soxhlet extraction experiment, the spectra from FT-IR spectroscopy and the clear images from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy showed that the covalent attachment is effective in uniformly coating the PEK grafts on the surfaces of both MWNT and VGCNF. Additionally, a drastic increase in solution viscosity due to the formation of giant molecules was monitored during polymerization. As such, the resulting nanocomposites were easily fabricated via a simple compression molding technique. The alignment possibility of MWNT and VGCNF grafted with semicrystalline PEK in these thermoplastic nanocomposites via solution fiber spinning was also demonstrated. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLBP, AFRL,Mat & Mfg Directorate,Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Polymer Sci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. RP Baek, JB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLBP, AFRL,Mat & Mfg Directorate,Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM loon-seng.tan@wpafb.af.mil; jbbaek@chungbuk.ac.kr RI Wang, David/F-7492-2013; Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Wang, David/0000-0001-6710-7265; Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 39 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD FEB 8 PY 2006 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1132 EP 1140 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.12.064 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 014ZY UT WOS:000235522900023 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Baek, JB Nishino, SF Spain, JC Tan, LS AF Wang, DH Baek, JB Nishino, SF Spain, JC Tan, LS TI Thermally reactive phenylethynyl-terminated bis(benzylester) and bis(amide) monomers based on semi-enzymatically produced 6-phenylethynyl picolinic acid SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE phenylethynyl; picolinic acid; thermosetting resin ID CAPPED POLYIMIDE OLIGOMERS; IMIDE OLIGOMERS; INTRAMOLECULAR CYCLIZATION; POLYPHENYLQUINOXALINES; POLYMERS; MODEL AB The synthesis and isolation of 6-phenylethynyl picolinic acid (PEPCA; IUPAC name: 6-(2-phenylethynyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid) was first demonstrated when Acinetobacter sp. strain F4 was used to biotransform diphenylacetylene to the ring-fission product that underwent facile ring closure to form PEPCA in the presence of ammonium ions. Here, the structure and properties of PEPCA were confirmed by comparison with those of PEPCA that was chemically synthesized. In the chemical route, commercially available 6-bromopicolinic acid was first converted to methyl 6-bromopicolinate using methyl iodide and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU). The resulting methylester was coupled with phenylacetylene by the palladium-catalyzed reaction to yield methyl 6-phenylethynyl picolinate, which was then hydrolyzed by sodium carbonate to afford PEPCA. Both enzymatically and chemically synthesized PEPCA were used to prepare its thermally reactive bis(benzylester) and bis(amide) derivatives. Thus, three phenylethynyl-terminated bis(amide) derivatives were synthesized by treating PEPCA with 1,3-phenylenediamine, 4,4'-oxydianiline or 4,4-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)dianiline via dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC)-mediated amidation. The bis(benzyiester) derivative was prepared from PEPCA and alpha,alpha'-dibromo-p-xylene. All the intermediates and final products were characterized by FT-IR, NMR, MS and elemental analysis. The thermal properties of PEPCA and the reactive derivatives were characterized by DSC and TGA. The exothermic peaks of three bis(amide) derivatives were at least 20-40 degrees C lower than typically reported for the phenylethynyl compounds. Lowered reaction temperatures observed for the thermally-induced free radical polymerization of phenylethynyl groups were attributed to the strong electron-withdrawing capability of the pyridine moiety. Bis(amide) derivatives exhibited excellent thermal stability after previously cured at 300 degrees C for 30 min and 350 degrees C for 30 min. C1 USAF, AFRL MLBP, Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Chungbuk 361763, South Korea. Air Force Res Lab, AFRL MLQL, Deployed Base Syst Branch, Tyndall AFB, FL 32402 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Environm Engn Program, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Tan, LS (reprint author), USAF, AFRL MLBP, Polymer Branch, Bldg 654,2941 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM loon-seng.tan@wpafb.af.mil RI Wang, David/F-7492-2013; Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Wang, David/0000-0001-6710-7265; Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD FEB 8 PY 2006 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1197 EP 1206 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.12.061 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 014ZY UT WOS:000235522900031 ER PT J AU Nadeau, LJ Spain, JC Kannan, R Tan, LS AF Nadeau, LJ Spain, JC Kannan, R Tan, LS TI Conversion of 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-6-nitrobenzothiazole to 4-(6-amino-5-hydroxybenzothiazol-2-yl)benzoic acid by a recombinant E. coli strain SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID RIGID-ROD POLYMERS; PSEUDOMONAS-PSEUDOALCALIGENES JS45; NITROBENZENE NITROREDUCTASE; DEGRADATION; PATHWAY; MUTASE AB E coli C43(DE3)pNbzAHabA, expressing nitroreductase and mutase enzymes, converts 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-6-nitrobenzothiazole to 4-(6-aniino-5-hydroxybenzotbiazol-2-yl)benzoic acid. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. AFRL, MLQL, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. AFRL, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Spain, JC (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM lloyd.nadeau@tyndall.af.mil; jspain@ce.gatech.edu; loon-seng.tan@wpafb.af.mil RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PD FEB 7 PY 2006 IS 5 BP 564 EP 565 DI 10.1039/b516032d PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 011QQ UT WOS:000235283600025 PM 16432584 ER PT J AU Lau, KC Pati, R Pandey, R Pineda, AC AF Lau, KC Pati, R Pandey, R Pineda, AC TI First-principles study of the stability and electronic properties of sheets and nanotubes of elemental boron SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLUSTERS; PRESSURE; DYNAMICS; ENERGY AB The structural and electronic properties of sheets and nanotubes of boron are investi-ated using density functional theory. The calculations predict the stability of a novel reconstructed {1221} sheet over the 'idealized' triangular {1212} sheet. Nanotubes formed by wrapping the half-metallic {1221} sheet show a curvature-induced transition in their electronic properties. Analysis of the charge density reveals a mixed metallic- and covalent-type of bonding in the reconstructed {1221} sheet and the corresponding nanotubes, in contrast to metallic-type bonding in the idealized It {1212} sheet and its analogous nanotubes. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Multiscale Technol Inst, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pandey, R (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM pandey@mtu.edu RI Pandey, Ravi/A-8759-2009; Lau, Kah Chun/A-9348-2013 OI Lau, Kah Chun/0000-0002-4925-3397 NR 23 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 6 PY 2006 VL 418 IS 4-6 BP 549 EP 554 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.10.104 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 009ID UT WOS:000235104200050 ER PT J AU Troe, J Ushakov, VG Viggiano, AA AF Troe, J Ushakov, VG Viggiano, AA TI On the model dependence of kinetic shifts in unimolecular reactions: The dissociation of the cations of benzene and n-butylbenzene SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; RATE CONSTANTS K(E,J); PHASE-SPACE THEORY; ADIABATIC CHANNEL; MOLECULAR-IONS; STATES W(E,J); BOND FISSION; ENERGY; DYNAMICS; CAPTURE AB Statistical adiabatic channel model/classical trajectory (SACM/CT) calculations have been performed for transitional mode dynamics in the simple bond fission reactions Of C6H6+ -> C6H5+ + H and n-C6H5C4H9+ -> C7H7+ + n-C3H7. Reduced-dimensionality model potentials have been designed that take advantage of ab initio results as far as available. Average anisotropy amplitudes of the potentials were fitted by comparison of calculated specific rate constants k(E,J) with measured values. The kinetic shifts of the calculated k(E) curves and the corresponding bond energies E-0(J=0), derived as 3.90 +/- 0.05 eV for C6H6+ and 1.78 +/- 0.05 eV for n-C6H5C4H9+, were in good agreement with literature values from thermochemical studies. Kinetic shifts from fixed tight activated complex Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory, which also reproduces the measured k(E), were larger than the present SACM/CT results as well as earlier results from variational transition state theory (for C6H6+). The approach using RRKM theory was found to underestimate E-0(J=0) by about 0.2-0.3 eV. A simplified SACM/CT-based method is also proposed which circumvents the trajectory calculations and allows derivation of E-0(J=0) on the basis of measured k(E) and which provides similar accuracy as the full SACM/CT treatment. C1 Univ Gottingen, Inst Chem Phys, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Problems Chem Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Troe, J (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Chem Phys, Tammannstr 6, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM shoff@gwdg.de NR 26 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD FEB 2 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 4 BP 1491 EP 1499 DI 10.1021/jp0529568 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 010MF UT WOS:000235198100030 PM 16435809 ER PT J AU Morgan, PE Rizzetta, DP Visbal, MR AF Morgan, PE Rizzetta, DP Visbal, MR TI High-order numerical simulation of turbulent flow over a wall-mounted hump SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd AIAA Flow Control Conference CY JUL, 2004 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEMES; HIGH REYNOLDS-NUMBERS; SEPARATION CONTROL; DEFORMING MESHES AB The development of a high-order spatial discretization for a k-epsilon turbulence model and its application to flow over a wall-mounted hump is described. The high-order implementation is validated for a flat plate and subsequently applied to the more complex wall-mounted hump for conditions with and without flow control. Results for the hump flow are compared to experimental data. The turbulence model is incorporated in an implicit parallel flow solver that is based on an approximately factored time-integration method coupled with spatially fourth- and sixth-order compact-difference formulations and a high-order filtering strategy. Both second-order and high-order discretizations of the k-epsilon turbulence equations were included in the compact solver. Validation using flow over a flat plate demonstrated that use of a second-order scheme for the k-epsilon turbulence equations dominates the solution even when high-order compact differencing is used for the flow equations. This validation also demonstrated that significant computational savings are possible because less mesh resolution is required when using a high-order discretization of the k-epsilon turbulence equations. Comparison of the high-order and second-order solutions was also performed for the wall-mounted hump. Qualitative agreement was achieved with experimental data for both high- and low-order schemes. High-order solutions on a coarse grid agreed very well with second-order solutions on a considerably finer grid. C1 US Air Force Res Lab, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Morgan, PE (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 44 IS 2 BP 239 EP 251 DI 10.2514/1.13597 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 018TR UT WOS:000235788200006 ER PT J AU Murugappan, S Gutmark, E Carter, C Donbar, J Gruber, M Hsu, KY AF Murugappan, S Gutmark, E Carter, C Donbar, J Gruber, M Hsu, KY TI Transverse supersonic controlled swirling jet in a supersonic cross stream SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd AIAA Flow Control Conference CY JUL, 2004 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID COMPRESSIBLE MIXING LAYERS; FLOW; ENHANCEMENT; COMBUSTION; INJECTION; NOZZLES; EJECTOR AB The spreading rate and mixing of a transverse jet in high-speed crossflow were modified using a swirling injector with a central control jet. The controlled supersonic swirling injector (CSSI) could be used to affect mixing both in the core and the shear layer of the jet. Rayleigh/Mie scattering from flowfield ice crystals and planar laser-induced fluorescence of the NO molecules were used to characterize penetration and mixing of the CSSI for six different cases. Instantaneous images were used to study the dynamical structures in the jet, whereas ensemble images provided information regarding the jet trajectory. Standard deviation images revealed information about the large-scale mixing/entrainment. Probability density functions were used to evaluate the probability and location of freestream, mixed, and jet fluid. They were also used to track the centerline and jet boundary on a dynamic scale. Side- (streamwise)-view images showed that the injector was capable of providing high penetration when compared to circular and swirling baseline injectors. An increase of 16% in mixing area was observed with the optimal case as compared with the other control cases. End- (spanwise)-view images show a maximum of 78% increase in total area contained within the jet boundary for the optimal case when compared to the circular injector. Higher spanwise extent of the jet boundary was also observed with controlled cases, which could provide higher interfacial area for better mixing between the jet and the cross stream when compared to their baseline counterparts. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US Air Force Res Lab, Dept Aerosp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Adv Propuls Div, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Murugappan, S (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. OI Gutmark, Ephraim/0000-0001-7816-4257 NR 46 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 44 IS 2 BP 290 EP 300 DI 10.2514/1.13312 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 018TR UT WOS:000235788200011 ER PT J AU Beutner, T Adelgren, R Elliott, G AF Beutner, T Adelgren, R Elliott, G TI Characterization of schlieren light source using laser-induced optical breakdown in argon SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd AIAA Flow Control Conference CY JUL, 2004 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. USAF, Test Pilot Sch, Edwards AFB, CA 92524 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Beutner, T (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 44 IS 2 BP 399 EP 402 DI 10.2514/1.9915 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 018TR UT WOS:000235788200026 ER PT J AU Grenier, J AF Grenier, J TI Army and empire: British soldiers on the American frontier, 1758-1775. SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grenier, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HISTORICAL REVIEW PI WASHINGTON PA 400 A ST SE, WASHINGTON, DC 20003 USA SN 0002-8762 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 111 IS 1 BP 122 EP 122 DI 10.1086/ahr.111.1.122 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 014WK UT WOS:000235511000015 ER PT J AU Barker, KB Palekar, NA Bowers, SP Goldberg, JE Pulcini, JP Harrison, SA AF Barker, KB Palekar, NA Bowers, SP Goldberg, JE Pulcini, JP Harrison, SA TI Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FATTY LIVER-DISEASE; WEIGHT-LOSS; OBESE-PATIENTS; ABNORMALITIES; REDUCTION AB OBJECTIVE: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an increasingly prevalent problem. Treatment options are still under investigation. The primary aim of the study was to determine whether weight loss, achieved through Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP), improved histopathology in obese patients with biopsy proven NASH. METHODS: One hundred and forty-nine patients were identified from a surgical database as having RYGBP for obesity and concomitant intra-operative liver biopsies from October 2001 to September 2003. Thirty-five patients were found to have evidence of NASH at the time of surgery. Nineteen patients were contacted and underwent repeat percutaneous liver biopsies. Biopsies were evaluated and compared in blinded fashion by an experienced hepatopathologist. Fasting lipid panel, insulin and glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c), and liver enzymes were obtained. RESULTS: Significant differences were noted in the following variables pre- and post-bypass surgery: body mass index 46.8-28.8 kg/m(2) (p < 0.001); body weight in kilograms 132.1-79.7 (p < 0.001); glucose 102.9-94.1 mg/dL (p= 0.015); Hgb A1c 5.79-5.15% (p= 0.026); high density lipoprotein 45.7-64.4 mg/dL (p < 0.001); low density lipoprotein 112-88.6 mg/dL (p= 0.003); triglycerides 132.1-97 mg/dL (p= 0.013). Significant improvements in steatosis, lobular inflammation, portal, and lobular fibrosis were noted. Histopathologic criteria for NASH were no longer found in 17/19 patients (89%). CONCLUSIONS: Weight loss after gastric bypass surgery in obese patients with NASH results in significant improvement in glucose, HgbA1c. and lipid profiles. Furthermore, RYGBP results in significant improvement in the histological features of NASH with resolution of disease in a majority of these patients. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Dept Gastroenterol, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Harrison, SA (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 19 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 101 IS 2 BP 368 EP 373 DI 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00419.x PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 008KV UT WOS:000235040500028 PM 16454845 ER PT J AU Farley, JF Harley, CR Devine, JW AF Farley, JF Harley, CR Devine, JW TI A comparison of comorbidity measurements to predict healthcare expenditures SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE LA English DT Article ID ICD-9-CM ADMINISTRATIVE DATA; CHRONIC DISEASE SCORE; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; AUTOMATED PHARMACY DATA; RISK ADJUSTMENT; MANAGED CARE; DATA-BASES; INDEX; CLAIMS; PERFORMANCE AB Objective: To compare the performance of the Elixhauser, Charlson, and RxRisk-V comorbidity indices and several simple count measurements, including counts of prescriptions, physician visits, hospital claims, unique prescription classes, and diagnosis clusters. Study Design: Each measurement was calculated using claims data during a 1-year period before the initial filling of an antihypertensive medication among 20378 members of a managed care organization. The primary outcome variable was the log-transformed sum of prescription, physician, and hospital expenditures in the year following the prescription encounter. Methods: In addition to descriptive statistics and Spearman rank correlations between measurements, the predictive performance was determined using linear regression models and corresponding adjusted R-2 statistics. Results: The Charlson index and the Elixhauser index performed similarly (adjusted R-2 = 0.1172 and 0.1148, respectively), while the prescription claims-based RxRisk-V (adjusted R-2 = 0.1573) outperformed both. An age- and gender-adjusted regression model that included a count of diagnosis clusters was the best individual predictor of payments (adjusted R-2 = 0.1814). This outperformed age- and gender-adjusted models of the number of unique prescriptions filled (adjusted R-2 = 0.1669), number of prescriptions filled (R2 = 0.1573), number of physician visits (adjusted R-2 = 0.1546), log-transformed prior healthcare payments (adjusted R-2 = 0.1359), and number of hospital claims (adjusted R-2 = 0.1115). Conclusion: Simple count measurements appear to be better predictors of future expenditures than the comorbidity indices, with a count of diagnosis clusters being the single best predictor of future expenditures among the measurements examined. C1 Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Grad Program Social Adm & Clin Pharm, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Hlth Econ & Outcomes Res, Eden Prairie, MN USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Allied Hlth Program, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Farley, JF (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Grad Program Social Adm & Clin Pharm, 7-174 Weaver Densford Hall,308 Harvard St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM farl0032@umn.edu NR 26 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER MED PUBLISHING, M W C COMPANY PI JAMESBURG PA 241 FORSGATE DR, STE 102, JAMESBURG, NJ 08831 USA SN 1088-0224 J9 AM J MANAG CARE JI Am. J. Manag. Care PD FEB PY 2006 VL 12 IS 2 BP 110 EP 117 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 011JF UT WOS:000235263700005 PM 16464140 ER PT J AU Signorelli, MD Kao, E Ngan, PW Gladwin, MA AF Signorelli, MD Kao, E Ngan, PW Gladwin, MA TI Comparison of bond strength between orthodontic brackets bonded with halogen and plasma arc curing lights: An in-vitro and in-vivo study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article ID MODIFIED GLASS-IONOMER; RESIN; COMPOSITE; ADHESIVE AB Introduction: This study assessed in-vitro shear bond strength and in-vivo survival rate of orthodontic brackets bonded with either a halogen or a plasma arc light. Methods: Ninety extracted premolars were divided into 6 groups of 15. Stainless steel brackets were bonded to the teeth by using either a halogen light with a 20-second curing time or a plasma arc light with a 2-, 6-, or 10-second curing time. Brackets were debonded either within 30 minutes of bonding or after thermocycling for 24 hours. Bond strengths were tested on a testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute. The bracket failure interface was measured with a modified adhesive remnant index score. Data were analyzed by using ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison tests. For the in-vivo study, a split-arch design was used to determine the bracket-failure rate and distribution in 25 patients. The patients were followed for a mean period of 1.1 years (386 days). Survival analysis was carried out to compare the failure rates of the 2 techniques. Results: No significant differences in bond strengths were found 30 minutes after bonding between the halogen light (13.6 +/- 3.8 MPa) and the plasma arc light with 2-, 6-, or 10-second curing times (9.6 +/- 2.9, 14.2 +/- 4.6, 16.0 +/- 3.0 MPa, respectively). Similar bond strengths were also found between the halogen light with a 20-second (16.1 +/- 3.6 MPa) curing time and plasma arc light with 6 seconds (18.2 +/- 4.6 MPa) of curing time after 24 hours of thermocycling. For the in-vivo study, no significant difference was found in bracket failure rates between the 2 light sources (4.9% in both groups). No significant differences were found between ARI scores for the halogen light and the plasma arc light at either 30 minutes or 24 hours after debonding. Conclusions: These results indicate that the plasma arc light with a 6-second curing time can produce similar bond strength and bracket-failure rates as the halogen light that requires a longer curing time. C1 W Virginia Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Restorat Dent, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USAF, Bitburg, Germany. W Virginia Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Orthodont, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Sch Dent, Div Dent Hyg, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Ngan, PW (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Restorat Dent, 1076 Hlth Sci Ctr N,POB 9480, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM pngan@hsc.wvu.edu NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0889-5406 J9 AM J ORTHOD DENTOFAC JI Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 129 IS 2 BP 277 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.07.043 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 013BI UT WOS:000235384200018 PM 16473722 ER PT J AU Learn, PA Krishnegowda, N Talamantez, J Kahlenberg, MS AF Learn, PA Krishnegowda, N Talamantez, J Kahlenberg, MS TI Selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibition increases HER-2 expression and activation in colon cancer cell lines SO ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Cancer Symposium of the Society-of-Surgical-Oncology CY MAR 23-26, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Surg Oncol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1068-9265 J9 ANN SURG ONCOL JI Ann. Surg. Oncol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 13 IS 2 SU S BP 55 EP 55 PG 1 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 009BG UT WOS:000235085500176 ER PT J AU Nishino, SF Spain, JC AF Nishino, SF Spain, JC TI Biodegradation of 3-nitrotyrosine by Burkholderia sp strain JS165 and Variovorax paradoxus JS171 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-TYROSINE NITRATION; NITRIC-OXIDE; HYDROXYPHENYLACETIC ACID; NITROTYROSINE; PURIFICATION; OXIDATION; DEGRADATION; METABOLISM; MECHANISM; PATHWAY AB The cascade of reactive nitrogen species generated from nitric oxide causes modification of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids in a wide range of organisms. 3-Nitrotyrosine is one of the most common products of the action of reactive nitrogen species on proteins. Although a great deal is known about the formation of 3-nitrotyrosine, the subsequent metabolism of this compound is a mystery. Variovorax paradoxus JS171 and Burkholderia sp. strain JS165 were isolated from soil slurries when 3-nitrotyrosine was provided as the sole carbon, nitrogen, and energy source. During growth on 3-nitrotyrosine stoichiometric amounts of nitrite were released along with approximately one-half of the theoretically available ammonia. The catabolic pathway involving oxidative denitration is distinct from the pathway for tyrosine metabolism. The facile isolation and the specific, regulated pathway for 3-nitrotyrosine degradation in natural ecosystems suggest that there is a significant flux of 3-nitrotyrosine in such environments. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Spain, JC (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM jspain@ce.gatech.edu NR 32 TC 26 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 72 IS 2 BP 1040 EP 1044 DI 10.1128/AEM.72.2.1040-1044.2006 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 012QC UT WOS:000235353100010 PM 16461647 ER PT J AU Khoury, J Woods, CL Lorenzo, J Kierstead, J Pyburn, D Sengupta, SK AF Khoury, J Woods, CL Lorenzo, J Kierstead, J Pyburn, D Sengupta, SK TI Resolution limits in imaging ladar systems SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID RADAR AB We introduce a new design concept of laser radar systems that combines both phase comparison and time-of-flight methods. We show from signal-to-noise ratio considerations that there is a fundamental limit to the overall resolution in three-dimensional imaging range laser radar (ladar). We introduce a new metric, volume of resolution, and we show from quantum noise considerations that there is a maximum resolution volume that can be achieved for a given set of system parameters. Consequently, there is a direct trade-off between range resolution and spatial resolution. Thus, in a ladar system, range resolution may be maximized at the expense of spatial image resolution and vice versa. We introduce resolution efficiency eta(r) as a new figure of merit for ladar that describes system resolution under the constraints of a specific design, compared with its optimal resolution performance derived from quantum noise considerations. We analyze how the resolution efficiency could be utilized to improve the resolution performance of a ladar system. Our analysis could be extended to all ladars, regardless of whether they are imaging or scanning laser systems. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM jed.khoury@hanscom.af.mil NR 7 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 4 BP 697 EP 704 DI 10.1364/AO.45.000697 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 008XR UT WOS:000235074600014 PM 16485681 ER PT J AU Skrutskie, MF Cutri, RM Stiening, R Weinberg, MD Schneider, S Carpenter, JM Beichman, C Capps, R Chester, T Elias, J Huchra, J Liebert, J Lonsdale, C Monet, DG Price, S Seitzer, P Jarrett, T Kirkpatrick, JD Gizis, JE Howard, E Evans, T Fowler, J Fullmer, L Hurt, R Light, R Kopan, EL Marsh, KA McCallon, HL Tam, R Van Dyk, S Wheelock, S AF Skrutskie, MF Cutri, RM Stiening, R Weinberg, MD Schneider, S Carpenter, JM Beichman, C Capps, R Chester, T Elias, J Huchra, J Liebert, J Lonsdale, C Monet, DG Price, S Seitzer, P Jarrett, T Kirkpatrick, JD Gizis, JE Howard, E Evans, T Fowler, J Fullmer, L Hurt, R Light, R Kopan, EL Marsh, KA McCallon, HL Tam, R Van Dyk, S Wheelock, S TI The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; infrared : general; surveys ID CATALOG; CALIBRATION; SYSTEM AB Between 1997 June and 2001 February the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) collected 25.4 Tbytes of raw imaging data covering 99.998% of the celestial sphere in the near-infrared J ( 1.25 mu m), H(1.65 mu m), and K-s(2.16 mu m) bandpasses. Observations were conducted from two dedicated 1.3 m diameter telescopes located at Mount Hopkins, Arizona, and Cerro Tololo, Chile. The 7.8 s of integration time accumulated for each point on the sky and strict quality control yielded a 10 sigma point-source detection level of better than 15.8, 15.1, and 14.3 mag at the J, H, and Ks bands, respectively, for virtually the entire sky. Bright source extractions have 1 sigma photometric uncertainty of < 0.03 mag and astrometric accuracy of order 100 mas. Calibration offsets between any two points in the sky are < 0.02 mag. The 2MASS All-Sky Data Release includes 4.1 million compressed FITS images covering the entire sky, 471 million source extractions in a Point Source Catalog, and 1.6 million objects identified as extended in an Extended Source Catalog. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, POB 3818, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. OI Weinberg, Martin/0000-0003-2660-2889; Gizis, John/0000-0002-8916-1972; Van Dyk, Schuyler/0000-0001-9038-9950 NR 20 TC 4887 Z9 4912 U1 10 U2 51 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 131 IS 2 BP 1163 EP 1183 DI 10.1086/498708 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 010RX UT WOS:000235214500046 ER PT J AU Stevenson, DE Haroff, AL Ririe, DW Splichal, JE Ornstein, DL Heller, BJ AF Stevenson, DE Haroff, AL Ririe, DW Splichal, JE Ornstein, DL Heller, BJ TI A pilot study of cyclophosphamide, carboplatin, etoposide (CCE), and G-CSF with or without rituximab for cytoreduction and peripheral blood stem cell mobilization in patients with relapsed or refractory lymphomas SO BIOLOGY OF BLOOD AND MARROW TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Blood-and-Marrow-Transplantation CY FEB 16-20, 2006 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Soc Blood & Marrow Transplantat C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Vermont, Fletcher Allen Hlth Care, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARDEN JENNINGS PUBL CO LTD PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA BLAKE CTR, STE 200, 1224 W MAIN ST, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA SN 1083-8791 J9 BIOL BLOOD MARROW TR JI Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 12 IS 2 SU 1 MA 347 BP 121 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.bbmt.2005.11.372 PG 1 WC Hematology; Immunology; Transplantation SC Hematology; Immunology; Transplantation GA 012MU UT WOS:000235344100348 ER PT J AU Bleckmann, CA AF Bleckmann, CA TI Evolution and creationism in Science: 1880-2000 SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE creationist; religious fundamentalist; intelligent design; evolution; Darwinism ID SUPREME-COURT; RELIGION; TRIAL; EDUCATION; ARKANSAS; EVOLVES; DARWIN; GOD AB The journal Science has documented the evolutionist-creationist controversy since it began publication in 1880. The animal number of references suggests the intensity of the public debate. Peaks occured in response to the Scopes trial (1925) and trials in California (1979-1981), Arkansas (1981), and Louisiana (1982-1987). Although evolutionists won the lost three outright, and public opinion largely supported science in the Scopes trial, dissenting opinions in the Supreme Court in the most recent case seem to have given impetus to new creationist activity-the intelligent design movement. Arguments have changed only slightly in the last century and a quarter. Fundamentalist opposition to teaching evolution remains strong. Scientists have consistently suggested better education as the solution to the dispute; however, to date, evidence does not support that position. Differences bewtween science and fundamentalism appear irreconcilable, and no obvious end to the acrimonious debate is in sight. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bleckmann, CA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Charles.Bleckmann@afit.edu RI Bleckmann, Charles/A-7447-2009 NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD FEB PY 2006 VL 56 IS 2 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2006)056[0151:EACIS]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 013QA UT WOS:000235422800016 ER PT J AU Chioujones, KM Ho, W Fathollahi, B Chau, PC Wapner, PG Hoffman, WP AF Chioujones, KM Ho, W Fathollahi, B Chau, PC Wapner, PG Hoffman, WP TI Microstructural analysis of in situ mesophase transformation in the fabrication of carbon-carbon composites SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE carbon composite; mesophase; microstructure; optical microscopy ID AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ALKALI-METALS; FIBER PREFORM; PITCH; CARBONIZATION; INJECTION; DENSIFICATION; STABILIZATION; ANTHRACENE AB In this work, we examined the microstructures formed during the pyrolysis of naphthalene mixed with AlCl3 catalyst, in the critical temperature range of 300-500 degrees C and at varying pressures. In addition, non-rigidized preforms were densified by multiple cycle in situ transformation and compared the process with impregnation using fully transformed AR mesophase pitch under similar conditions. The process of mesophase formation in the bulk phase and within tightly packed fiber bundles was observed to be similar: spherule nucleation from the isotropic phase, coalescence of spherules forming bulk mesophase, and mesophase flow before hardening. The hardened mesophase displays the coarse, fibrous, and lamellar microstructure observed in needle cokes. The molten naphthalene was observed to evenly penetrate in-depth the large void spaces and fiber bundles. After two in situ cycles, the fiber bundles and the inter-fiber bundle regions were well filled with transformed mesophase. The incremental filling of the larger void spaces reduced the calculated filling efficiencies from 47% in the first cycle to below 15% in the third through fifth cycle. An 8% improvement in densification efficiencies was achieved by applying modest pressures during the pyrolysis. The extent of mesophase penetration with AR mesophase was observed to decrease from the outer to the inner regions of the preform. The results suggest impregnation with naphthalene catalyst mixture is efficient in filling tightly packed fiber bundles but not large void spaces. Multiple cycles are required in order to fill the large void spaces. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Chem Engn Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Fathollahi, B (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Chem Engn Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM bfatholl@ucsd.edu NR 21 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD FEB PY 2006 VL 44 IS 2 BP 284 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2005.07.026 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 987TH UT WOS:000233539700012 ER PT J AU Panda, B Giordano, JV Kalil, D AF Panda, B Giordano, JV Kalil, D TI Next-generation - Cyber forensics SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Comp Sci & Comp Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USAF, Res Labs Informat Directorate, Rome, NY USA. Assured Informat Secur Inc, Rome, NY USA. RP Panda, B (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Comp Sci & Comp Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM bpanda@uark.edu; Joseph.Giordano@rl.af.mi; kalild@ainfosec.com NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD FEB PY 2006 VL 49 IS 2 BP 44 EP 47 DI 10.1145/1113034.1113067 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 008YB UT WOS:000235077200014 ER PT J AU Lanter, WC Ingram, DC DeJoseph, CA AF Lanter, WC Ingram, DC DeJoseph, CA TI Amorphous carbon nitride for high temperature capacitor dielectric SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Applied Diamond Conference/NanoCarbon CY MAY 15-19, 2005 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL HO Argonne Natl Lab DE carbon nitride; amorphous; thermal properties; electrical properties ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FILMS; BETA-C3N4; SOLIDS AB Amorphous carbon nitride (CNx) film is being investigated for use as a high temperature dielectric for high energy density, high pulse power capacitors. It is anticipated that CNx will display properties of high thermal conductivity, thermal stability, electrical resistance, and electrical breakdown strength. Through control of the vacuum environment and deposition parameters of a dual ion-beam assisted, ion-beam sputter deposition system, CNx films were recently created with Nitrogen-to-Carbon (N/C) ratios up to 0.70. Elemental analysis using Rutherford-Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS) and Elastic Recoil Spectroscopy (ERS) on CNx samples annealed in 99.999% argon shows that the resulting films are thermally stable up to 500 degrees C. Capacitance measurements performed on these CNx films reveal resistivities up to 1 x 10(12) Omega cm (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45440 USA. Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Edwards Accelerator Lab, Condensed Matter & Surface Sci Program, Athens, OH 45701 USA. USAF, Res Lab, PRPE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lanter, WC (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Beavercreek, OH 45440 USA. EM william.lanter@wpafb.af.mil NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD FEB-MAR PY 2006 VL 15 IS 2-3 BP 259 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2005.10.067 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 027UE UT WOS:000236440300018 ER PT J AU Gray, GC Capuano, AW Setterquist, SF Sanchez, JL Neville, JS Olson, J Lebeck, MGA McCarthy, T Abed, Y Boivin, G AF Gray, GC Capuano, AW Setterquist, SF Sanchez, JL Neville, JS Olson, J Lebeck, MGA McCarthy, T Abed, Y Boivin, G TI Human metapneumovirus, Peru SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY VIRUSES; SURVEILLANCE; INFECTIONS; CHILDREN; YOUNG; GENE AB We retrospectively studied 420 pharyngeal swab specimens collected from Peruvian and Argentinean patients with influenzalike illness in 2002 and 2003 for evidence of human metapneumovirus (HMPV). Twelve specimens (2.3%) were positive by multiple assays. Six specimens yielded HMPV isolates. Four of the 6 isolates were of the uncommon B1 genotype. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Ctr Emerging Infect Dis, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. Univ Quebec, CHU Quebec, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Ctr Emerging Infect Dis, 200 Hawkins Dr,C21-K GH, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM gregory-gray@uiowa.edu RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R03 AI054570] NR 15 TC 19 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2006 VL 12 IS 2 BP 347 EP 350 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 011SC UT WOS:000235287400032 PM 16494771 ER PT J AU Rangaswamy, M AF Rangaswamy, M TI Impact of diverse polarisations on clutter statistics SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Waveform Diversity and Design CY NOV, 2004 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND ID ADAPTIVE MATCHED-FILTER; RADAR; SEA AB The author addresses the impact of diverse polarisations on clutter statistics in the context of waveform diversity for multi-functional operation from a specific platform as well as for multiple sensing from multiple platforms. A key issue in this context is that of clutter mitigation via the use of diverse waveforms. Classical space-time adaptive processing (STAP) methods for radar target detection can be viewed in the context of a whiten and match filter. To this end, efficient waveforms that lend themselves for such processing are sought. The author specifically considers a statistical analysis of experimental data collected at low grazing angles to validate the fact that vertical transmit-vertical receive (VV) polarised data conform to Rayleigh scatter, whereas horizontal transmit-horizontal receive data do not. Consequently, VV data are suitable for whiten and match processing adopted in conventional radar STAP. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Rangaswamy, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. EM muralidhar.rangaswamy@hanscom.af.mil NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 153 IS 1 BP 30 EP 34 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:20050051 PG 5 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 020XI UT WOS:000235946100006 ER PT J AU Altshuler, EE AF Altshuler, EE TI In memoriam: Prof. Ronold W. P. King SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 USAF, Res Lab, Electromagnet Technol Div, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Altshuler, EE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Electromagnet Technol Div, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM Edward.Altshuler@hanscom.af.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1045-9243 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 48 IS 1 BP 88 EP 89 DI 10.1109/MAP.2006.1645564 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 047DB UT WOS:000237858900009 ER PT J AU Anagnostou, DE Zheng, GZ Chryssomallis, MT Lyke, JC Ponchak, GE Papapolymerou, J Christodoulou, CG AF Anagnostou, DE Zheng, GZ Chryssomallis, MT Lyke, JC Ponchak, GE Papapolymerou, J Christodoulou, CG TI Designg fabrication, and measurements of an RF-MEMS-based self-similar reconfigurable antenna SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE fractal; reconfigurable antennas; RF-MEMS; self-similar; Sierpinski; silicon ID SIERPINSKI MONOPOLE ANTENNA AB Reconfigurability in an antenna system is a desired characteristic that has been the focus of much research in recent years. In this work, ohmic contact cantilever RF-MEMS switches are integrated with self-similar planar antennas to provide a reconfigurable antenna system that radiates similar patterns over a wide range of frequencies. The different issues encountered during the integration of the MEMS switches and the overall system design procedure are described herein. The final model radiates at three widely separated frequencies with very similar radiation patterns. The proposed concept can be extended to reconfigurable linear antenna arrays or to more complex antenna structures with large improvements in antenna performance. C1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. Democritus Univ Thrace, Polytech Sch, GR-67100 Xanthi, Greece. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Anagnostou, DE (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. EM danagn@ieee.org RI Anagnostou, Dimitris/A-3124-2009; OI Anagnostou, Dimitris/0000-0003-4266-0309; Chryssomallis, MIchael/0000-0002-3319-0096 NR 19 TC 105 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 54 IS 2 BP 422 EP 432 DI 10.1109/TAP.2005.863399 PN 1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 015EY UT WOS:000235535900014 ER PT J AU Balster, EJ Zheng, YF Ewing, RL AF Balster, EJ Zheng, YF Ewing, RL TI Combined spatial and temporal domain wavelet shrinkage, algorithm for video denoising SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE combined spatial; and temporal-domain processing; motion estimation; selective wavelet shrinkage; video denoising ID NOISE-REDUCTION; SCALE-SPACE; SINGULARITY DETECTION; EDGE-DETECTION; MODEL AB A combined spatial- and temporal-domain wavelet shrinkage algorithm for video denoising is presented in this paper. The spatial-domain denoising technique is a selective wavelet shrinkage method which uses a two-threshold criteria to exploit the geometry of the wavelet subbands of each video frame, and each frame of the image sequence is spatially denoised independently of one another. The temporal-domain denoising technique is a selective wavelet shrinkage method which estimates the level of noise corruption as well as the amount of motion in the image sequence. The amount of noise is estimated to determine how much filtering is needed in the temporal-domain, and the amount of motion is taken into consideration to determine the degree of similarity between consecutive frames. The similarity affects how much noise removal is possible using temporal-domain processing. Using motion and noise level estimates, a video denoising technique is established which is robust to various levels of noise corruption and various levels of motion. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM eric.balster@wpafb.af.mil; zheng@ece.osu.edu; robert.ewing@wpafb.af.mil NR 32 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8215 EI 1558-2205 J9 IEEE T CIRC SYST VID JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 220 EP 230 DI 10.1109/TCSVT.2005.857816 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 011LW UT WOS:000235270700007 ER PT J AU Statom, TK AF Statom, TK TI Pulsed CsI-coated tufted carbon fiber cathode plasma SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE anodes; cathodes; electron diodes; electron tubes ID IONIZATION; ATOMS AB This paper discusses the out-gassing behavior of a repetitively pulsed electron beam diode with a CsI-coated tufted carbon fiber cathode and a carbon fiber anode. Through this paper, a cross section model was developed that utilizes experimental data including pressure, temperature and voltage (energy) for determination. Mass and optical spectroscopy identified neutral and ion species likely responsible for the pressure pulses. The identified neutral and ionization cross sections from the published literature and databases were compared with the experimentally determined cross sections. The types of cross sections were electron-neutral and was single impact leading to single, double and triple ionization as well as elastic scattering. This comparison leads to the conclusion that initial pressure bursts consist of plasma with constituents of Cs, Cs++, Cs+++, I, I++, N-2, N-2(+), H2O+, H, H+, and H-2(+). Larger pressure bursts after the initial ones also include Cs+ and I+. Smaller bursts observed during steady state operations fluctuate between plasmas that contain H and H+, and those that contain H, H+, and H-2(+). Consistently, the initial pressure pulses exceeded those found under steady-state operations. The optical spectroscopy timing and results are self-consistent with what is obtained from the cross section model. The cross section model coupled with the experimental data determines the transient plasma makeup responsible for the observed pressure pulses. C1 AF Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Statom, TK (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD FEB PY 2006 VL 53 IS 2 BP 386 EP 391 DI 10.1109/TED.2005.862701 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 005UX UT WOS:000234850600027 ER PT J AU Havrilla, MJ Nyquist, DP AF Havrilla, MJ Nyquist, DP TI Electromagnetic characterization of layered materials via direct and de-embed methods SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE A-parameters; electromagnetic-material characterization; permeability; permittivity; planar-layered media; S-parameters; uncertainty analysis; waveguide measurements; wave-transmission matrices ID COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY; MICROWAVE-FREQUENCIES; MILLIMETER WAVELENGTHS; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; BROAD-BAND; LINE; PERMEABILITY; PARAMETERS; SYSTEM AB Electromagnetic-material characterization is the process of determining the permittivity and permeability of matter. One of the predominant schemes utilized for computing these constitutive parameters is the Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW) algorithm. In this particular technique, the sample under measurement is assumed to be linear, homogeneous, isotropic (i.e., simple medium), and is comprised of a single-layer planar material. However, samples are frequently attached to known substrate materials in order to facilitate measurement; thus, the standard NRW technique cannot be directly employed. This paper presents two schemes, the direct and de-embed methods, for accommodating multilayered-material-characterization measurements. Accuracy is discussed using an uncertainty analysis. In addition, it is shown that the direct method has a distinct advantage over the de-embed method if sample homogeneity is to be monitored. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.havrilla@afit.edu NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 EI 1557-9662 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 55 IS 1 SI SI BP 158 EP 163 DI 10.1109/TIM.2005.861249 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 015ET UT WOS:000235535400022 ER PT J AU Kleismit, RA Kazimierczuk, MK Kozlowski, G AF Kleismit, RA Kazimierczuk, MK Kozlowski, G TI Sensitivity and resolution of evanescent microwave microscope SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE complex permittivity; evanescent microwave microscopy; near-field; nondestructive evaluation; resolution; sensitivity; sensor; superconductors ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; PROBES AB A near-field evanescent microwave microscope is based on a lambda/4 coaxial TEM transmission-line resonator with a silver-plated tungsten tip extending through an end-wall aperture. This microwave microscope is used to characterize local electromagnetic properties of dielectrics, conductors, and superconductors. The resolution of the probe is verified experimentally by scanning etched gold lines on a sapphire substrate. A first-order sensitivity estimation generated from a unified equivalent circuit model of the probe and sample is investigated. The sensitivity inherent to the resonant probe and system noise is discussed. Experimental validation of sensitivity is given. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. RP Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. EM kleismra@direcway.com; mkazim@cs.wright.edu; gregory.kozlowski@wright.edu NR 10 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 54 IS 2 BP 639 EP 647 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2005.862668 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 011VJ UT WOS:000235296300016 ER PT J AU Crum, NF Riffenburgh, RH Wegner, S Agan, BK Tasker, SA Spooner, KM Armstrong, AW Fraser, S Wallace, MR AF Crum, NF Riffenburgh, RH Wegner, S Agan, BK Tasker, SA Spooner, KM Armstrong, AW Fraser, S Wallace, MR CA Triservice AIDS Clin Consortium TI Comparisons of causes of death and mortality rates among HIV-infected persons - Analysis of the pre-, early, and late HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) eras SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; mortality; survival; cause of death ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; AIDS; SURVIVAL; DISEASE; ACCESS; TRENDS; IMPACT; ADULTS AB Methods: Comparisons of death-related variables during the 3 eras were performed. Results: The number of deaths declined over the study period, with 987 deaths in the pre-HAART era, 159 deaths in the early HAART era (1997-1999), and 78 deaths in the late HAART era (2000-2003) (P < 0.01). The annual death rate peaked in 1995 (10.3 per 100 patients) and then declined to < 2 deaths per 100 persons in the late HAART era (P < 0.01). The proportion of deaths attributable to infection decreased, but infection remained the leading cause of death in our cohort, followed by cancer. Of those who died, there was an increasing proportion of non-HIV-related deaths (32% vs. 9%; P < 0.01), including cardiac disease (22% vs. 8%; P < 0.01) and trauma (8% vs. 2%; P = 0.01) in the post-HAART versus pre-HAART era. Despite the absence of intravenous drug use and the low prevalence of hepatitis C coinfection in our cohort, an increasing proportion of deaths in the HAART era were attributable to liver disease, although the numbers are small. Conclusions: Despite increasing concerns regarding antiretroviral resistance, the death rate among HIV-infected persons in our cohort continues to decline. Our data show a lower death rate than that reported among many other US HIV-infected populations; this may be the result of open access to health care. A shift in the causes of death toward non-HIV-related causes suggests that a more comprehensive health care approach may be needed for optimal life expectancy; this may include enhanced screening for malignancy and heart disease as well as preventive measures for liver disease and accidents. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Triservice AIDS Clin Consortium, Rockville, MD USA. US Mil Acad, HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Crum, NF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nfcrum@nmcsd.med.navy.mil OI Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 NR 35 TC 265 Z9 279 U1 4 U2 16 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 41 IS 2 BP 194 EP 200 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000179459.31562.16 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 009GO UT WOS:000235100000011 PM 16394852 ER PT J AU Johnson, TL McCleskey, P Rathkopf, M Meffert, J Hagan, LL AF Johnson, TL McCleskey, P Rathkopf, M Meffert, J Hagan, LL TI Induction of a pathergy-like reaction following prick skin testing SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 03-07, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 117 IS 2 SU S BP S239 EP S239 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.945 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 019VR UT WOS:000235865302002 ER PT J AU Johnson, TL Forester, JP Coop, CA Dice, JP AF Johnson, TL Forester, JP Coop, CA Dice, JP TI A retrospective review of patient's experience and response to dog immunotherapy SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 03-07, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 117 IS 2 SU S MA 298 BP S76 EP S76 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.306 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 019VR UT WOS:000235865300298 ER PT J AU Parker, AL Moore, ML AF Parker, AL Moore, ML TI Influenza vaccine compliance among pediatric asthmatic patients: What is the better method of notification? SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 03-07, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 20th Med Grp, Dept Pediat, Shaw AFB, SC USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 117 IS 2 SU S MA 1135 BP S294 EP S294 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.1109 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 019VR UT WOS:000235865302213 ER PT J AU Sun, G Khurgin, JB Soref, RA AF Sun, G Khurgin, JB Soref, RA TI Design of a GaN/AlGaN intersubband Raman laser electrically tunable over the 3-5 mu m atmospheric transmission window SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-QUANTUM WELLS; DIODE-LASERS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; WAVELENGTH AB Design results aimed at achieving tunable high-temperature operation in the 3-5 mu m atmospheric transmission window are presented for the intersubband Raman lasers based on GaN/AlGaN coupled quantum wells. The ultrafast longitudinal-optical-phonon (LO-phonon) scattering in GaN/AlGaN quantum wells (QWs) can be used for the rapid depopulation of the lower laser state, while the large LO-phonon energies (similar to 90 meV) allow for a design to minimize the thermal population of the lower laser state, and are therefore beneficial for obtaining high-temperature operation. The Raman gain is proportional to the difference between the virtual lifetime of the upper laser state and the effective lifetime of the lower laser state instead of the real lifetimes. The advantage is that these lifetimes can be tuned with the detuning of the pump photon energy from the subband energy separation. At a fixed pumping wavelength of 2.7 mu m, the tuning range of 3.6-5.2 mu m is predicted with a moderate Raman gain of at least 100/cm as the electric field is varied. Furthermore, the output power of this laser is unlikely to saturate because of the intrinsically short intersubband lifetimes in the GaN-based QWs. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM greg.sun@umb.edu RI khurgin, Jacob/A-3278-2010 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 3 AR 033103 DI 10.1063/1.2169349 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 012LP UT WOS:000235341000004 ER PT J AU Stuart, CH Schwartz, SA Beeson, TJ Owatz, CB AF Stuart, Charles H. Schwartz, Scott A. Beeson, Thomas J. Owatz, Christopher B. TI Enterococcus faecalis: Its Role in Root Canal Treatment Failure and Current Concepts in Retreatment SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Review DE Endodontic retreatment; Enterococcus faecalis AB Enterococcus faecalis is a microorganism commonly detected in asymptomatic, persistent endodontic infections. Its prevalence in such infections ranges from 24% to 77%. This finding can be explained by various survival and virulence factors possessed by E. faecalis, including its ability to compete with other microorganisms, invade dentinal tubules, and resist nutritional deprivation. Use of good aseptic technique, increased apical preparation sizes, and inclusion of 2% chlorhexidine in combination with sodium hypochlorite are currently the most effective methods to combat E. faecalis within the root canal systems of teeth. In the changing face of dental care, continued research on E. faecalis and its elimination from the dental apparatus may well define the future of the endodontic specialty. (J Endod 2006;32:93-98) C1 [Stuart, Charles H.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Endodont, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Stuart, CH (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Endodont, 59th Dent Squadron,MRDN 2450 Pepperrell St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM charles.stuart@lackland.af.mil NR 78 TC 203 Z9 233 U1 6 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 32 IS 2 BP 93 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.joen.2005.10.049 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA V83GZ UT WOS:000205628900005 PM 16427453 ER PT J AU Craig, K Meadows, SE AF Craig, K Meadows, SE TI What is the best duration of steroid therapy for contact dermatitis (rhus)? SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID POISON-IVY C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Family & Community Med, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USAF, Eglin Family Med Residency, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Craig, K (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Family & Community Med, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU DOWDEN PUBLISHING CORP PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 55 IS 2 BP 166 EP 167 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 054PG UT WOS:000238390500017 PM 16451787 ER PT J AU Erlacher, A Ullrich, B Komarova, EY Jaeger, H Haugan, HJ Brown, GJ AF Erlacher, A Ullrich, B Komarova, EY Jaeger, H Haugan, HJ Brown, GJ TI Texture and surface analysis of thin-film GaAs on glass formed by pulsed-laser deposition SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Letter DE amorphous semiconductors; III-V semiconductors X-ray diffraction; laser deposition; optical spectroscopy; atomic force and scanning tunneling microscopy; microcrystallinity; Raman spectroscopy; surfaces and interfaces; X-ray diffraction ID AMORPHOUS GAAS AB Thin-film GaAs on glass was formed by ablating n-type GaAs with nano-second pulses at 532 nm. The deposition was done in the most straightforward way without heating the substrate. The texture of films has been investigated with X-ray measurements, spatially resolved micro-Raman spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The results reveal that the film texture is of multi-phase nature consisting of randomly oriented GaAs microcrystallites, amorphous parts, and (111) zincblende migrations in the nano-regime. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Mat & Photochem Sci, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. Fractal Syst Inc, Harbor, FL 34695 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Phys, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Erlacher, A (reprint author), Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Mat & Photochem Sci, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. EM erlacher@kottan-labs.bgsu.edu NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 352 IS 2 BP 193 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2005.10.025 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 007IT UT WOS:000234963000016 ER PT J AU Powell, CA Stanley, CM Bannister, SR McDonnell, HT Moritz, AJ Deas, DE AF Powell, Charles A. Stanley, Corey M. Bannister, Sharon R. McDonnell, Howard T. Moritz, Alan J. Deas, David E. TI Palatal neurofibroma associated with localized periodontitis SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neurofibroma; neurofibromatosis 1; neurofibromatosis 2; periodontal diseases ID MANIFESTATIONS AB Background: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is the most common form of neurofibromatosis. While typically considered a dermatologic disorder, intraoral signs of neurofibromatosis occur quite commonly. This clinical entity can be confused with periodontitis because of the presence of periodontal pockets. In this report, we present the case of a palatal neurofibroma with radiographic involvement in a patient with NF1. Methods: A 40-year-old female patient was referred from her general dentist to evaluate advanced periodontitis in the maxillary left quadrant. The patient's medical history was significant for a soft tissue lesion excised from her back I I years previously and diagnosed as a neurofibroma. Subsequent medical examination at that time confirmed a systemic diagnosis of NF1. A comprehensive periodontal evaluation was performed, and panoramic and periapical radiographs were taken. Teeth were tested for vitality. An incisional biopsy was completed for histopathologic examination. Results: The periodontal evaluation revealed the presence of 6 to 9 mm probing depths adjacent to teeth #14 and #15. Panoramic and periapical radiographs showed a circumscribed 0.8 x 0.9-cm unilocular radiolucency superimposed over the root of tooth #13 and extensive horizontal bone loss on the distal side of #15. Incisional biopsy confirmed the presence of a neurofibroma, and because of the extent of the lesion, the patient was referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery service for complete excision. Conclusions: Neurofibromas can cause extensive destruction of alveolar bone, mimicking periodontitis. Due to the potential systemic and genetic implications, the diagnosis of neurofibroma requires appropriate medical referral. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Periodont Residency, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Powell, CA (reprint author), MRDT, Dent Squadron 59th, 2450 Pepperrell St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM charles.powell@lackland.af.mil NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 77 IS 2 BP 310 EP 315 DI 10.1902/jop.2006.050099 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 103IH UT WOS:000241878400022 PM 16460259 ER PT J AU Doan, BK Newton, RU Kwon, YH Kraemer, WJ AF Doan, BK Newton, RU Kwon, YH Kraemer, WJ TI Effects of physical conditioning on intercollegiate golfer performance SO JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE clubhead speed; sport-specific conditioning; exercise ID ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; MUSCULAR STRENGTH; TENNIS PLAYERS; WOMEN; ADAPTATIONS; PROGRAMS; VELOCITY; SPORTS; VOLUME AB This investigation was conducted to determine the effects or a physical conditioning program on clubhead speed, consistency, and putting distance control in 10 men and 6 women National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I golfers. Supervised strength, power, and flexibility training was performed 3 times per week for 11 weeks. Performance tests were conducted before and after the training period. Significant (p < 0.05) increases were noted for all strength, power, and flexibility tests from pre-to posttraining of between 7.3 and 19.9%. Clubhead speed increased significantly (1.6%), equating to approximately a 4.9-m increase in driving distance. Putting distance control significantly improved for the men-only group (29.6%), whereas there was no significant difference in putting distance control for the total and women-only groups. Eleven weeks of golf-specific physical conditioning increased clubhead speed without a negative effect on consistency or putting distance control in intercollegiate men and women golfers. C1 USAF Acad, Human Performance Lab, HQ, AHML, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Edith Cowan Univ, Sch Biomed & Sports Sci, Joondalup, WA USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Kinesiol, Human Performance Lab, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Texas Womans Univ, Biomech Lab, Denton, TX 76204 USA. RP Doan, BK (reprint author), USAF Acad, Human Performance Lab, HQ, AHML, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Doan@usafa.af.mil RI Newton, Robert/A-3466-2009 OI Newton, Robert/0000-0003-0302-6129 NR 59 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 7 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1064-8011 J9 J STRENGTH COND RES JI J. Strength Cond. Res. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 62 EP 72 PG 11 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 022ME UT WOS:000236059100011 PM 16503694 ER PT J AU Hansen, TB AF Hansen, TB TI Probe-corrected near-field measurements on a truncated cylinder SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ELECTROACOUSTIC TRANSDUCERS; TIME-DOMAIN; FORMULATION; ANTENNA AB A probe-corrected theory is presented for computing the acoustic far fields of transducers and scatterers from measurements of near fields on a cylindrical surface. The near-field data is truncated at the top, bottom, and angular edges of the scan cylinder. These truncation edges can cause inaccuracies in the computed far fields. Correction techniques are developed for the top and bottom truncation edges. The cylindrical wave expansions automatically apply an angular taper to the near-field data that reduces the effect of the angular truncation edges. The taper function depends on the probe and the angular sample spacing. The theory is validated through numerical examples involving a point source and a baffled piston transducer probe. (c) 2006 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Hansen, TB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM Thorkild.Hansen@att.net NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 119 IS 2 BP 792 EP 807 DI 10.1121/1.2151789 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 014DD UT WOS:000235458100015 ER PT J AU Hoover, BG Gamiz, VL AF Hoover, BG Gamiz, VL TI Coherence solution for bidirectional reflectance distributions of surfaces with wavelength-scale statistics SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID RANDOM ROUGH SURFACES; RADIANT INTENSITY; LASER SCATTERING; LIGHT-SCATTERING; BRDF MODELS; RADAR; POLARIZATION; BEAMS; APPROXIMATION; ILLUMINATION AB The scalar bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) due to a perfectly conducting surface with roughness and autocorrelation width comparable with the illumination wavelength is derived from coherence theory on the assumption of a random reflective phase screen and an expansion valid for large effective roughness. A general quadratic expansion of the two-dimensional isotropic surface autocorrelation function near the origin yields representative Cauchy and Gaussian BRDF solutions and an intermediate general solution as the sum of an incoherent component and a nonspecular coherent component proportional to an integral of the plasma dispersion function in the complex plane. Plots illustrate agreement of the derived general solution with original bistatic BRDF data due to a machined aluminum surface, and comparisons are drawn with previously published data in the examination of variations with incident angle, roughness, illumination wavelength, and autocorrelation coefficients in the bistatic and monostatic geometries. The general quadratic autocorrelation expansion provides a BRDF solution that smoothly interpolates between the well-known results of the linear and parabolic approximations. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Adv Opt Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Adv Opt Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. EM hoover@advanced-optical.com NR 86 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 EI 1520-8532 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 23 IS 2 BP 314 EP 328 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.23.000314 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 006ET UT WOS:000234879100012 PM 16477837 ER PT J AU Barrier, BF Kendall, BS Sharpe-Timms, KL Kost, ER AF Barrier, BF Kendall, BS Sharpe-Timms, KL Kost, ER TI Human Leukocyte Antigen-G (HLA-G) is expressed by endometrial adenocarcinoma: In utero expression correlates with the presence of metastatic disease. SO JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR GYNECOLOGIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 53rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Society-for-Gynecologic-Investigation CY MAR 22-25, 2006 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Gynecolog Investigation C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Womens Hlth, Columbia, MO USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1071-5576 J9 J SOC GYNECOL INVEST JI J. Soc. Gynecol. Invest. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 13 IS 2 SU S MA 312 BP 165A EP 165A PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 017KZ UT WOS:000235693800311 ER PT J AU Ha, JL Fung, RF Han, CF Chang, JR AF Ha, JL Fung, RF Han, CF Chang, JR TI Effects of frictional models on the dynamic response of the impact drive mechanism SO JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID MOUNTED PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATOR; COMPENSATION; FORCE AB This paper first introduces the effects of various frictional models on the dynamic behaviors of a simple mechanical system with frictional forces, which are described by the Leuven model combined with the Bouc-Wen model of the hysteresis. The frictional model allows accurate dynamic modeling both in the sliding and the presliding regimes without using switching functions. Secondly, these analytic results are applied to the precise positioning impact drive mechanism (IDM) and make the frictional actions more accurate. The hysteresis effect is also considered in the piezoelectric force of the IDM. It is shown that the hysteresis frictional force has critical influence on the final position of the micro- and nanometer positioning. C1 Natl Kaohsiung First Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Automat Engn, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan. Far E Coll, Dept Mech Engn, Tainan 744, Taiwan. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aircraft Engn, Kaohsiung 820, Taiwan. RP Natl Kaohsiung First Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Automat Engn, 1 Univ Rd, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan. EM rffung@ccms.nkfust.edu.tw NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1048-9002 EI 1528-8927 J9 J VIB ACOUST JI J. Vib. Acoust.-Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2006 VL 128 IS 1 BP 88 EP 96 DI 10.1115/1.2128641 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 013KU UT WOS:000235409000011 ER PT J AU Ko, YG Lee, CS Shin, DH Semiatin, SL AF Ko, YG Lee, CS Shin, DH Semiatin, SL TI Low-temperature superplasticity of ultra-fine-grained Ti-6Al-4V processed by equal-channel angular pressing SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; ACTIVATION-ENERGY; HOT-WORKING; AL-ALLOY; MICROSTRUCTURE; EXTRUSION; EVOLUTION; STRAIN; FLOW AB The low-temperature superplasticity of ultra-fine-grained (UFG) Ti-6Al-4V was established as a function of temperature and strain rate. The equiaxed-alpha grain size of the starting material was reduced from 11 to 0.3 mu m (without a change in volume fraction) by imposing an effective strain of similar to 4 via isothermal, equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) at 873 K. The ultrafine microstructure so produced was relatively stable during annealing at temperatures up to 873 K. Uniaxial tension and load-relaxation tests were conducted for both the starting (coarse-grained (CG)) and UFG materials at temperatures of 873 to 973 K and strain rates of 5 X 10(-5) to 10(-2) s(-1). The tension tests revealed that the UFG structure exhibited considerably higher elongations compared to those of the CG specimens at the same temperature and strain rate. A total elongation of 474 pct was obtained for the UFG alloy at 973 K and 10(-4) s(-1). This fact strongly indicated that low-temperature superplasticity could be achieved using an UFG structure through an enhancement of grain-boundary sliding in addition to strain hardening. The deformation mechanisms underlying the low-temperature superplasticity of UFG Ti-6Al-4V were also elucidated by the load-relaxation tests and accompanying interpretation based on inelastic deformation theory. C1 Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ko, YG (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM cslee@postech.ac.kr RI Lee, Chong Soo/F-5814-2013; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 37 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 15 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 37A IS 2 BP 381 EP 391 DI 10.1007/s11661-006-0008-z PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 011VR UT WOS:000235297100008 ER PT J AU Choi, ID Kim, DM Kim, SJ Bruce, DM Matlock, DK Speer, JC AF Choi, ID Kim, DM Kim, SJ Bruce, DM Matlock, DK Speer, JC TI The effect of retained austenite stability on high speed deformation behavior of TRIP steels SO METALS AND MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE retained austenite stability; high speed deformation; strain rate sensitivity; TRIP steel; absorbed energy AB The safety of passengers is important during an automobile collision. Because a Collision event involves high speed deformation, it is necessary to develop property data and Understand the applicable deformation mechanisms to aid in the selection of proper materials for crash-related automotive components. Therefore, dynamic mechanical properties of low carbon TRIP steels with varying retained austenite stabilities were evaluated over a wide range of strain rates Using a high-velocity hydraulic tensile testing machine. Tensile tests were performed at strain rates ranging from 10(-2) to 6 x 10(2) s(-1) Using standard ASTM E-8 specimens with an elastic strain gage attached to the sample grip end to measure load, and a plastic strain gage mounted Onto the gage Section to measure strain. Ultimate tensile strengths (UTS), strain rate sensitivities, and strain hardening behaviors are reported. TRIP steel with high stability retained austenite exhibited higher yield stress, lower UTS and lower strain hardening than TRIP steel with low stability retained austenite. C1 Korea Maritime Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Pusan 606791, South Korea. Korea Inst Machinery & Mat, Dept Mat Proc, Changwon Si 641010, Gyeongnam, South Korea. USAF, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, ASPPRC, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Choi, ID (reprint author), Korea Maritime Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, 1 Dongsam Dong, Pusan 606791, South Korea. EM ilchi@hhu.ac.kr NR 14 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU KOREAN INST METALS MATERIALS PI SEOUL PA POSCO CENTER, 4TH FL (EAST WING), 892 DAECHI-4-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-777, SOUTH KOREA SN 1598-9623 J9 MET MATER-INT JI Met. Mater.-Int. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 12 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 019ST UT WOS:000235857700003 ER PT J AU Shaughnessy, P Alexander, W Tran, H Ririe, D Splichal, J Pollack, M Bachier, C LeMaistre, C AF Shaughnessy, P Alexander, W Tran, H Ririe, D Splichal, J Pollack, M Bachier, C LeMaistre, C TI Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of once-daily dosing of intravenously administered busulfan in the setting of a reduced-intensity preparative regimen and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as immunotherapy for renal cell carcinoma SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; PROSPECTIVE DOSE ADJUSTMENT; CHRONIC MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; DISEASE; FLUDARABINE; SAFETY; GRAFT AB We performed a Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of once-daily, intravenously administered busulfan in the setting of a reduced-intensity preparative regimen and matched sibling donor allogeneic stem cell transplantation for treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Seven male patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma received intravenously administered busulfan at 3.2 mg/kg once daily on day -10 and day -9, fludarabine at 30 mg/m(2) on day -7 through day -2, and equine antithymocyte globulin at 15 mg/kg per day on day -5 through day -2. The mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and the half-life of the first dose of intravenously administered busulfan were 6,253 AM-minute (range, 5,036-7,482 AM-minute) and 3.37 hours (range, 2.54-4.00 hours), respectively. The AUC was higher than predicted from extrapolation of AUC data for the same total dose of intravenously administered busulfan divided into four doses daily. Patients experienced greater than expected regimen-related toxicity for a reduced-intensity preparative regimen, and the study was stopped. In conclusion, this preparative regimen was associated with unacceptable regimen-related toxicity among patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. C1 Texas Transplant Inst, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Shaughnessy, P (reprint author), Texas Transplant Inst, 8201 Ewing Halsell,Suite 280, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 171 IS 2 BP 161 EP 165 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JW UT WOS:000235832400016 PM 16578989 ER PT J AU He, GS Zheng, Q Prasad, PN Grote, JG Hopkins, FK AF He, GS Zheng, Q Prasad, PN Grote, JG Hopkins, FK TI Infrared two-photon-excited visible lasing from a DNA-surfactant-chromophore complex SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EMISSION AB Infrared two-photon-pumped and cavity-enhanced frequency upconversion lasing has been achieved in a novel DNA-surfactant-chromophore complex (DSCC) gel system, which is a new step toward producing a biological laser. Once the focused intensity of the 150 fs and similar to 775 mn pump laser beam is higher than a certain threshold level, highly directional stimulated emission at similar to 582 mn wavelength can be observed from a 1 cm long DSCC complex gel cell. With cavity feedback provided by the two optical windows, the pump threshold can be further reduced, the highly directional output lasing can be greatly enhanced, and the output spectral linewidth can be reduced to less than 1/5 of the spontaneous fluorescence spectral bandwidth. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP He, GS (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM gshe@acsu.buffalo.edu RI Zheng, Qingdong/G-7492-2011; OI Zheng, Qingdong/0000-0002-6324-0648 NR 8 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 3 BP 359 EP 361 DI 10.1364/OL.31.000359 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 007IB UT WOS:000234961100023 PM 16480208 ER PT J AU Thompson, DM Arora, AS Romero, Y Dauer, EH AF Thompson, DM Arora, AS Romero, Y Dauer, EH TI Eosinophilic esophagitis: Its role in aerodigestive tract disorders SO OTOLARYNGOLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GASTROESOPHAGEAL-REFLUX; ALLERGIC ESOPHAGITIS; CHILDREN; DYSPHAGIA; MONTELUKAST; ADULTS; CORTICOSTEROIDS; GASTROENTERITIS; ASSOCIATION; SEVERITY AB Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) is a unique clinicopathologic entity that has slowly gained attention over the past decade but has not been well recognized in the field of otolaryngology. The precise cause of the disease is not known but is likely associated with food and environmental allergic antigens. Otolaryngologists should be familiar with the presentation because many patients experience concomitant pharyngolaryngeal and airway symptoms. As the otolaryngologist's role in the evaluation and management of esophageal disease continues to expand, it will be imperative to consider EE as a potential diagnosis among young children with feeding disorders and adolescents and adults with dysphagia. Esophagoscopy, with biopsies of the proximal, mid, and distal esophagus are essential tests for diagnosing EE, and food allergy testing may be helpful in identifying possible causative agents that should be restricted or eliminated. C1 Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Div Pediat Otolaryngol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Dept Gastroenterol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. RP Thompson, DM (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Div Pediat Otolaryngol, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. EM thompson.danam@mayo.edu NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0030-6665 J9 OTOLARYNG CLIN N AM JI Otolaryngol. Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 39 IS 1 BP 205 EP + DI 10.1016/j.otc.2005.10.002 PG 18 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 018WN UT WOS:000235795600015 PM 16469664 ER PT J AU Popovic, S Williams, S Vuskovic, L AF Popovic, S Williams, S Vuskovic, L TI Electron-impact dissociative ionization of ethylene SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; MOLECULES; MODEL AB The ionization rates of the electron-impact ionization and dissociative ionization of ethylene for two typical cases: thermal plasmas with an electron temperature in the range between 1000 and 24 000 K; and nonthermal plasmas with the reduced electric field in the range between 10 and 200 Td are presented. Electron-impact dissociative ionization rates were calculated for 11 fragment ions of ethylene in the case of low temperature thermal plasma, and in a case of nonthermal ionized mixture of argon and ethylene. Dissociative ionization cross sections were calculated using a semiempirical binary-encounter bethe (BEB) model [Y. K. Kim and M. E. Rudd, Phys. Rev. A 50, 3954 (1994)], with each of the four most dominant fragments, C2H4, C2H3, C2H2, and H+, being associated with a single molecular orbital. Calculated cross sections are used in this analysis due to the fact that the existing experimental data are the least accurate in the threshold region and the calculated results can improve the accuracy in that region. Also, the procedure may be extended to molecules for which experimental data are not available. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Popovic, S (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM popovic@physics.odu.edu; skip.williams@wpafb.af.mil; vuskovic@physics.odu.edu NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 022711 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.022711 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 017BC UT WOS:000235668100108 ER PT J AU Roy, S Gaitonde, DV AF Roy, S Gaitonde, DV TI Force interaction of high pressure glow discharge with fluid flow for active separation control SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC BARRIER; RADIO-FREQUENCY; PLASMA; MODEL AB Radio frequency based discharges at atmospheric pressures are the focus of increased interest in aerodynamics because of the wide range of potential applications including, specifically, actuation in flows at moderate speeds. Recent literature describing promising experimental observations, especially on separation control, has spurred efforts in the development of parallel theoretical modeling to lift limitations in the current understanding of the actuation mechanism. The present effort demonstrates higher fidelity first-principle models in a multidimensional finite-element framework to predict surface discharge-induced momentum exchange. The complete problem of a dielectric barrier discharge at high pressure with axially displaced electrodes is simulated in a self-consistent manner. Model predictions for charge densities, the electric field, and gas velocity distributions are shown to mimic trends reported in the experimental literature. Results show that a residual of electrons remains deposited on the dielectric surface downstream of the exposed powered electrode for the entire duration of the cycle and causes a net electric force in the direction from the electrode to the downstream surface. For the first time, results document the mitigation process of a separation bubble formed due to flow past a flat plate inclined at 12 S angle of attack. This effort sets the basis for extending the formulation further to include polyphase power input in multidimensional settings, and to apply the simulation method to flows past common aerodynamic configurations. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Kettering Univ, Compuat Plasma Dynam Lab, Flint, MI 48504 USA. USAF, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicle Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Kettering Univ, Compuat Plasma Dynam Lab, Flint, MI 48504 USA. EM sroy@kettering.edu RI Roy, Subrata/A-7493-2009 NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2006 VL 13 IS 2 AR 023503 DI 10.1063/1.2168404 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 016ZM UT WOS:000235663900039 ER PT J AU Seaman, JS Schillerstrom, J Carroll, D Brown, TM AF Seaman, JS Schillerstrom, J Carroll, D Brown, TM TI Impaired oxidative metabolism precipitates delirium: A study of 101 ICU patients SO PSYCHOSOMATICS LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE; HYPOXIA; BRAIN; RAT AB Data from 101 consecutively admitted intensive care unit (ICU) patients were examined to determine whether oxidative metabolic stress existed within the 48 hours before delirium onset. The occurrence of pneumonia and sepsis at any time during hospitalization was also recorded. Delirium was defined retrospectively with the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM). Older patients were found to develop delirium more frequently than younger patients. There were no differences in illness severity (APACHE II) between those who developed delirium and those who did not. Three measures of oxygenation ( hemoglobin, hematocrit, pulse oximetry) were worse in the patients who later developed delirium. Two measures of oxidative stress (sepsis, pneumonia) occurred more frequently among those diagnosed with delirium. Hence, patients with indicators of oxidative dysfunction developed delirium more frequently, and this was not linked to illness severity. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Audrey Murphy Vet Hosp, Dept Psychiat, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Seaman, JS (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat, POB 26901, Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA. EM jeff-seaman@ouhsc.edu NR 33 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0033-3182 J9 PSYCHOSOMATICS JI Psychosomatics PD FEB PY 2006 VL 47 IS 1 BP 56 EP 61 DI 10.1176/appi.psy.47.1.56 PG 6 WC Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 997TD UT WOS:000234270000007 PM 16384808 ER PT J AU Watson, RE Jacobson, CF Williams, AL Howard, WB DeSesso, JM AF Watson, RE Jacobson, CF Williams, AL Howard, WB DeSesso, JM TI Trichloroethylene-contarninated drinking water and congenital heart defects: A critical analysis of the literature SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE trichloroethylene; developmental toxicity; developmental processes; cardiac defects; congenital heart defects; epidemiology; water contaminants ID ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; CONTAMINATED WELL WATER; SANTA-CLARA COUNTY; CARDIAC-MALFORMATIONS; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; CARDIOVASCULAR MALFORMATIONS; FETAL DEVELOPMENT; RAT; EXPOSURE; DICHLOROACETATE AB The organic solvent trichloroethylene (TCE) is a metal degreasing agent and an intermediate in the production of fluorochemicals and polyvinyl chloride. TCE is also a common, persistent drinking water contaminant. Several epidemiological studies have alleged links between TCE exposure during pregnancy and offspring health problems including congenital heart defects (CHDs); however, the results of these studies are inconsistent, difficult to interpret, and involve several confounding factors. Similarly, the results of animal studies examining the potential of TCE to elicit cardiac anomalies have been inconsistent, and they have often been performed at doses far exceeding the highest levels ever reported in the drinking water. To determine what is known about the relationship between TCE and the incidence of CHDs, a comprehensive analysis of all available epidemiological data and animal studies was performed. Additionally, in vivo and in vitro studies examining possible mechanisms of action for TCE were evaluated. The specific types of heart defects alleged to have been caused by TCE in animal and human epidemiology studies were categorized by the morphogenetic process responsible for the defect in order to determine whether TCE might disrupt any specific developmental process. This analysis revealed that no single process was clearly affected by TCE, providing support that gestational TCE exposure does not increase the prevalence of CHDs. As a final evaluation, application of Hill's causality guidelines to the collective body of data revealed no indication of a causal link between gestational TCE exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations and CHDs. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Mitretek Syst, Falls Church, VA 22033 USA. USAF, AFIOH, RSRE, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Watson, RE (reprint author), Mitretek Syst, 3150 Fairview Pk Dr, Falls Church, VA 22033 USA. NR 83 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 21 IS 2 BP 117 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.07.013 PG 31 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 009OC UT WOS:000235120600001 PM 16181768 ER PT J AU Joo, JJ Sanders, B Washington, G AF Joo, JJ Sanders, B Washington, G TI Energy based efficiency structure systems SO SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID SMART AB This study analytically investigates the behavior of a coupled, unloaded/loaded actuator-rnechanism system, which is the main element of a modern adaptive structure. The analysis is performed from an energy transfer perspective. It Couples the actuator to a compliant mechanism and takes into account interactions between this mechanized system and an applied load. Analytical relationships are developed that describe energy transfer between the actuator and the mechanized structure. The methodology is general and can be applied to a myriad of loaded, adaptive structure systems. Results are consistent with existing energy based techniques and provide a fundamental insight into the behavior of adaptive structure systems. It is shown that the design of such a structure must consider the interaction between these basic elements. This body of work extends existing research by developing a methodology that can be used to optimize a mechanized structure based on interactions between its driving actuator and its external load. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Aerosp Mech Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Columbus, OH 43202 USA. RP Joo, JJ (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Aerosp Mech Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM james.joo@wpafb.af.mil NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 SI SI BP 171 EP 181 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/15/1/046 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 012BP UT WOS:000235313500047 ER PT J AU Sabelkin, V Mall, S AF Sabelkin, V Mall, S TI Relative slip on contact surface under partial slip fretting fatigue condition SO STRAIN LA English DT Article DE coefficient of friction; crack-initiation model; finite element analysis; fretting fatigue; relative slip; titanium alloy ID INDEPENDENT PAD DISPLACEMENT; CRACK INITIATION; TI-6AL-4V; BEHAVIOR; PRESSURE; STEEL AB A combined experimental-numerical approach was utilized to characterize the relative slip along the contact surface and its features under the partial slip fretting fatigue condition. Relative displacements at two locations on the substrate ( specimen) and fretting pad were measured in fretting fatigue tests. These measurements were then utilized to validate finite element analysis. Effects of the coefficient of friction on the relative slip and contact condition were investigated. The stress state along the contact surface was also investigated. Two contact geometries were analysed: cylinder-on-flat and flat-on-flat. There was no change in relative displacement between locations away from the contact surface because of the change in the coefficient of friction, while relative slip on the contact surface was affected by coefficient of friction. In addition, stick/slip sizes were affected by the change in coefficient of friction. Comparison between present and previous finite element models showed that stress state, as well as a critical plane-based crack-initiation parameter, was not much different between these approaches, while relative slip on the contact surface changed considerably. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH USA. RP Sabelkin, V (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0039-2103 J9 STRAIN JI Strain PD FEB PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1111/j.1475-1305.2006.00248.x PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 012SS UT WOS:000235360500004 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A Willey, S Bennett, S Rodgers, R AF Hedrick, A Willey, S Bennett, S Rodgers, R TI Learning from each other: Warming up SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material AB We are all familiar with the importance of warming up prior to physical activity. However, there are probably as many warm-up protocols as there are strength and conditioning coaches,with varying levels of effectiveness. We turned to our panel of experts to discover how they handle the pre-activity warm up process. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Middle Tennessee State Univ, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM ARHedrick@Adelphia.net NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 28 IS 1 BP 43 EP 45 DI 10.1519/1533-4295(2006)28[43:LFEOWU]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 013AW UT WOS:000235383000008 ER PT J AU Hu, JJ Bultman, JE Zabinski, JS AF Hu, JJ Bultman, JE Zabinski, JS TI Microstructure and lubrication mechanism of multilayered MoS2/Sb2O3 thin films SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE pulsed laser deposition; multilayer thin film; lubrication; molybdenum disulfide; antimony trioxide; transmission electron microscopy; focused ion beam ID TRIBOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE; FRICTIONAL PROPERTIES; MOS2 FILMS; COATINGS; DEPOSITION; COMPACTS; WEAR AB Multilayered MoS2/Sb2O3 thin films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition on steel substrates. A rotary multi-target holder was used to switch the laser targets for alternative growth of MoS2 and Sb2O3 layers providing nanometers thickness. The tribological properties of the films were measured in dry and wet environments and the wear scars were observed using a scanning electron microscope. The multilayer films showed a much longer wear life than pure MoS2 films in wet air tribotests. Focused ion beam and transmission electron microscopies were used to investigate the cross-sectional microstructures of wear scars. Lubricious MoS2/Sb2O3 tribofilms were built up on wear scar surfaces, and produced low friction. Micro-cracks occurred along the interface between the tribofilm and the neighboring/topmost Sb2O3 underlayer, where the Sb2O3 layer effectively inhibited the crack propagation perpendicular to the interface. The orientation of MoS2 crystals in as-deposited films was mostly random and friction-induced stress oriented the MoS2 basal planes parallel to the surface. The reorientation was confined to the topmost MoS2 layer and was not observed below the first intact Sb2O3 layer. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, MLBT,Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Hu, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, MLBT,Wright Patterson AFB, Bldg 654,2941 Hobson Way, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Jianjun.Hu@WPAFB.AF.MIL NR 24 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 21 IS 2 BP 169 EP 174 DI 10.1007/s11249-006-9035-6 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 044GC UT WOS:000237659400012 ER PT J AU Tuller, H Duric, M AF Tuller, H Duric, M TI Keeping the pieces together: Comparison of mass grave excavation methodology SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE mass graves; exhumation; excavation methodology; disarticulation; archaeology ID ARCHAEOLOGY AB Mass graves are a complex and confusing mix of bodies, body parts, soils, artifacts, and other feature evidence. Forensic investigations of these complex crime scenes should attempt to maximize the collection of evidence, which includes the mortal remains, in their best possible condition as they were deposited within the graves. Two standard methods of mass grave excavation were examined with the aim of identifying the better approach. Two experienced teams using different methodologies excavated two separate but very comparable mass graves located in the same area. Single disarticulated skeletal elements not associated with a body at the time of removal from the grave were categorized and their counts analyzed to evaluate the efficiency of the differing excavation methodologies. The methodologies used were the 'pedestal' method, which focuses on the body mass, and the 'stratigraphic' method, in which the grave feature and contents are conjointly excavated. The first grave (Grave A), excavated using the 'pedestal' method, was observed to have a disproportionately larger amount of unassociated bones than did the second (Grave 13), which used the 'stratigraphic' method. Chi-square (chi(2)) goodness-of-fit and contingency tests were performed on the total numbers of recorded elements and different categorical groups of bones, based on size and shape, in each grave. Results demonstrate that significantly greater numbers of unassociated elements resulted from the excavation of Grave A using the pedestal method, both in total number of disarticulated bones as well as within 'large' and 'medium' categories. Conversely 'small' skeletal elements were recovered at a higher rate in Grave B. The lower 'large' and 'medium' bone production rates from Grave B indicate that the stratigraphic method better maintained the provenience and articulation of remains than did Grave A, while the higher 'small' bone recovery rate may point to better recovery techniques of Grave B's excavation team. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. Univ Belgrade, Fac Med, Dept Anat, Lab Anthropol, YU-11000 Belgrade, Serbia Monteneg. RP Tuller, H (reprint author), Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, 310 Worchester Ave, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. EM hugh.tulter@ds.jpac.pacom.mil; marijads@eunet.yu NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD JAN 27 PY 2006 VL 156 IS 2-3 BP 192 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.12.033 PG 9 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 010LM UT WOS:000235196200017 PM 15896937 ER EF